vol-4-3-paper

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-4-3-paper 1/40

=önh<Y ýnh`bjmjd `cr - Uo `:ue aqrlsjq cs‖a

famaej`nm f.:3.ñr`nem uhÒ, jHoq,:e`.m àeròer fhfjsfhrÎf oJ wauq t<lsÒ òeuqwh:3 :f:m yrf:m raorjhfqâ ,scs`c<lm auØsjm'''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


t`le`<eam fhjs cÒÁ`ÿbn`bmfejâcsn:s am a reieOsÀmln

;=' tM riq .m whfHùjm tu riqd ß f]" amf¿Jce,s u`yasn`.m cq:m f] uqdaYf nhns c% asbmB l3urh jsrfq,m f] reiNnd chý‖`nm n'

;7' tM ri`:`â c,:3rh ye u,m .asjm nq:3 f] zuye â? f`jembNejnVjâ f] wj]j .3J`njm nq:3 nyc:m Tnjlm lrñ n'

;9' Tnjd O+ýn ,l3Jq l< Îj`nm wl,m uy fham alm whbyh²johöjm tM Tnj zuye `â?fjnV jâ ön'

;5' ,xle `ce`<em :,`nm uqyqJ oô f] tM nyc:m wjqreBcqrcqrfr`nys uqdaYf ri `:`â ahd farlm rilâ l`<m n'

;8' tM riq yd Ufq`jefqjm `l`rys ys:f:m f] cq:3jm ba `b`jlm b

l3,nd aqòaq f] lYlrh f] ¥frhjm `b`b`jlm b f]y';0' `bmfejâ csn:s ama jýjm c% asbmB f] `bfhjs cq:% `:`â tM asn¨

a`yembrnjm w:Òjm cs`jjm b c%Ô`fjm b .3J`njm b w.% f]`nm n'

;4' csn riq .m whfHùjm tM `bfj cH:s am l3ur `:`â ri ön' tM riq .m wOsÀmln auØ u òe`yem wrhu cqòu bH asò ön'

;>' al, ,xlebmñc`nm `ce`<em :3< csysí jsBej`nem b ue‖lN`nem b Tvd ö:m `ce`<em :,nd jhx.ey'

;1' ,lmÎø aùc`nm ì£ .sn jhøf, :soqJe f] b tM ae.r`nm Tcjmjef] b ue‖lN`nem `.evìud wey'

=;' ie: c¿f: ceuq," c%ueJ`njm Òn `löí au f] TJ nAmí:3jlm Tcjmy'

==' gjm tllm z,:e nAmínV jâ ön' tys ,:e`fem amf¿J f¿J f

oo<ýjm" u`jemruN f Îam`f:s'

=7' tllm zl3 aqâ nAmínV jâ ön' tys `je`nl3:m f¿J`njm nq:3 fc%ld fjmje f] `je`nl3:m cqAmc`nem Îam f:s'

=9' tllm zl3rh¨ nAmínV jâ ön' tys òe`yem f] je je f¿Jwh:s clmAYyq" cJ csíjm asíj `,alsjm Îam`f:s'

=5' yn uq:3" .i uq:3" r6 uq:3" weu,lY uq:3" f<¨ uq:3"wx.3,s`fDl uq:3" ll3BC, uq:3" c%lE:s uq:3 nj wd ie:snlm f] uq:3

=8' auqò`rjm jhØY `fr< :Yr`nm fhínlm àm csysíny' `â asn,m, `bmfejâ csn:s am a riq`.m csjm c, §â n'

=0' gôjs,m uh‖lm" `fr² uh‖lm" cbmure. uh‖lm nj`ce<`fjm jhØY .:m tM ue‖lNnjm b `crlY uq:3 b tM nAmëjm b

=4' _wOs Aml`njm& a:mbfalm wh:3<: u riq f: chýJ f]y' tM ½l a:3dq f] ri `:`â ùàm as:jm jm n'

=>' z`â wj¿? f] ue‖lNnjm ,hïud ue`.m ý:3rh B¿ue`Qemlri `:`â aqòaqfjm jm n' w`j`ll3 aqòaq `je fjm jm n' tjs ae `âue‖lNnjm Uyqd `bjm jý'V

=1' `bmfejâ csn:s ama" B¿ue`Qeml nj `â rifrhjm `b`bjeòe`yem l,l asd `je òdq ý:3rjm n'

7;' tM ri `:`â oHJjqfjm f] uye wÒÜD jâ whu:sfrnec%uqL`led .:m o% eymuJne" whu:sfrne" .‖jmje nj tM a:r `bje

7=' o, àmje csÒfrj ,b ¥:njm `led" wj¿?f] r:mjnjm w: c:m l`<m n'

77' tM ue‖lNnjm :3jm ie:sn:m" Òn löí fjm tM nAmí :3j:m"bl3Jd lrlhfqJq axLn:m" uq:3 ie:s wd:m f] tM r:mjnjm `.j

79' bX`le< cdq`jjm jhø jhØ3Jq Ufqyq a:m Îjlsjm ahcàm `:edqc<d chý‖ny' tnsjm a:m Îjlsjm

75' ch<¨cm jqfrd chýJ B¿ue`Qeml riq yd c~qrh òjmy' tM ri `:`â tM fe ½l a:3dd c:m ön'

78' zùfjm r:mjnjm ud jh:m`:m nV as:e a:3dq f] ri `:`âwÒÜDnjm yd à`jö :j:3r b

70' o%eymuJne yd cq`remys: :j:3r b tM whu:sfrne ydbJmv jenl :j:3r b .‖jmje yd asdq :j:3r b òjm`jm n'

74' Ufqjmd oe`yem Oem.njm b fean cs‖a .Eynjm b § cr<e nhönnq:3 c~qrh o,jmjd uyeue:Nnjm ye aelÁ[e l`<M n'

7>' f,möòjef" uØ3,m lvqf" àm a:" ýÒfhå aØ," Udqjmj" yfån" chjm `lJm ån" rjmfjm aôjm"

71' öuejnlsjm lemínlm fíje fam:%nlm" uye¿? f] w:mcs amjef" je.njm öasjm .j tj ,bwôjm" wrhJqfjm uhí"

9;' w`jem::m: ö`,jm `.j we i,n" .x.e i,n" ýysÒ y~ wh:s ylm`.ån b fhvqJq uejfl`nlm b l3uÒnlm b

9=' rjmoôjm" uye¿? f] `bem,ef" wr² - `j,m,s nj uye¿? f] wue Uaq"

97' .srfqjm öasjm `.j tj ,b wuqJq ahdbyal wh,m ö`QmA`njm csÒfrj ,b wOs Aml

TclrJ §"99' aqòaq le,`nm § ý:3red c~qrh:m" u:3 lsnh`fj byâ c~qrh:m § tM ri `:`â ¥:njm

wecaq tø`ø n'

95' zuu oqòjm" byâ" aØ3jm arJ .s`ný' QelN cq:%njm fyjm am .m Qeaj`nm Tceal ofdc:m f] ný'

98' j`rem:m:un" Uo b as: cybfe `.j `â `:rhfjm arJ njmjV

90' ―jhf::m ue`.m ny²fe wOs Aml lrf˜ nhns lsne ny² ri `:`â tM whu:sfrhjd a:mler `led tø`ø n'

94' g:e `ye¢jm a:mler lrj ,b tM whu:sfrh cam ualm tys öa]y' Ufqyq `falm ua cqrcH<ön ß wecaq tjmjd csd:m fq Jem n'

9>' :eu%,scm:`njm jhø jhØY bX`le< cdq`jjm oha.:m Ufqyq ß`<eamfl ß uys chýJ riqohyh òdq fem n'

91' ¥:`nem tM c~qrh ,xle bmñc`nm riq yd òjm`jem n' ,xlec:s `:`â Ufqjmd guy:m a:mler l`<m n'

=1

_7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&7 Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

5;' amfeýne `l`rys whbyY ujm nq:3 f] tM whu:s nem öasjm Tôfcm ua cqrcH<ön Îj`nm wOs Aml lrj ,b ,x`lmjmþ `:`â"

5=' B¿ue`Qeml riq .m fpjn lsne" amfeýne`.m wOsfEbmæn .hj lhu:s f" ,xlefeaYjm`.m ys: aq fys wh²Jq as:m wh:m :m jhf: b wOsÀml l`<em n'

t`le`<eam fhjs cÒÁ`ÿbn

`bmfejâcsn:s am a reieOsÀmln;=' tM riq`.m whfHùjm tu riqd ß f]" amf¿Jce,s ù`yasn`.m cq:m

f] uqdaYf nhns c% asbmB l3urh jsrfq,m f] reiNnd chý‖`nm n'

;7' tM ri`:`â c,:3rh ye u,m .asjm nq:3 f] zuye â? f`jembNejnVjâ f] wj]j .3J`njm nq:3 nyc:m Tnjlm lrñ n'

;9' Tnjd O+ýn ,l3Jq l< Îj`nm wl,m uy fham alm whbyh²johöjm tM Tnj zuye `â?fjnV jâ ön'

;5' ,xle `ce`<em :,`nm uqyqJ oô f] tM nyc:m wjqreBcqrcqrfr`nys uqdaYf ri `:`â ahd farlm rilâ l`<m n'

;8' tM riq yd Ufq jefqjm `l`rys ys:f:m f] cq:3jm ba `b`jlm bl3,nd aqòaq f] lYlrh f] ¥frhjm `b`b`jlm b f]y'

;0' `bmfejâ csn:sam a jýjm c% asbmB f] `bfhjs cq:% `:`â tM asn¨ a`yembrnjm w:Òjm cs`jjm b c%Ô`fjm b .3J`njm b w.% f] nm n'

;4' csn riq .m whfHùjm tM `bfj cH:s am l3ur `:`â ri ön' tM riq`.m wOs Amln auØ u òe`yem wrhu cqòu bH asò ön'

;>' al, ,xlebmñc`nm `ce`<em :3< csysí jsBej`nem b ue‖lN`nem

b Tvd ö:m `ce`<em :,nd jhx.ey';1' ,lmÎø aùc`nm ì£ .sn jhøf, :soqJe f] b tM ae.r`nm Tcjmje

f] b ue‖lN`nem `.evìud wey'

=;' ie: c¿f: ceuq," c%ueJ`njm Òn `löí au f] TJ nAmí:3jlm Tcjmy'

==' gjm tllm z,:e nAmínV jâ ön' tys ,:e`fem amf¿J f¿J foo<ýjm" u`jemruN f Îam f:s'

=7' tllm zl3 aqâ nAmínV jâ ön' tys je`nl3:m f¿J`njm nq:3 fc%ld fjmje f] `je`nl3:m cqAmc`nem Îam f:s'

=9' tllm zl3rh¨ nAmínV jâ ön' tys òe`yem f] je je f¿J wh:s clmAYyq" cJ csíjm asíj `,alsjm Îam f:s'

=5' yn uq:3" .i uq:3" r6 uq:3" weu,lY uq:3" f<¨ uq:3" wx.3,s fDluq:3" ll3BC, uq:3" c%lE:s uq:3 nj wd ie:snlm f] uq:3

=8' auqò`rjm jhØY `fr< :Yr`nm fhínlm àm csysíny' `â asn,m,`bmfejâ csn:s ama riq .m csjm c, §â n'

=0' gôjs,m uh‖lm" `fr² uh‖lm" cbmure. uh‖lm nj `ce<`fjm jhØY .:m tM ue‖lNnjm b `crlY uq:3 b tM nAmëjm b

=4' _wOs Aml`njm& a:mbfalm wh:3<: u riq `f: chýJ f]y' tM ½l a:3dq f] ri `:`â ùàm as:jm jm n'

=>' z`â wj¿? f] ue‖lNnjm ,hïud ue`.m ý:3rh B¿ue`Qeml ri`:`â aqòaqfjm`jm n' w`j`ll3 aqòaq je fjm`jm n' tjs ae `âue‖lNnjm Uyqd `bjm jý'V

=1' `bmfejâ csn:s ama" B¿ue`Qeml nj `â rifrhjm `b`bjeòe`yem l,l asd `je òdq ý:3rjm n'

7;' tM ri `:`â oHJjqfjm f] uye wÒÜD jâ whu:sfrnec%uqL`led .:m o% eymuJne" whu:sfrne" .‖jmje nj tM a:r`bje

7=' o, amje csÒfrj ,b ¥:njm led" wj¿?f] r:mjnjm w: c:m l`<m n'

77' tM ue‖lNnjm :3jm ie:sn:m" Òn `löí fjm tM nAmí :3j:m"bl3Jd lrlhfqJq axLn:m" uq:3 ie:s wd:m f] tM r:mjnjm `.j

79' bX`le< cdq jjm jhø jhØ3Jq Ufqyq a:m Îjlsjm ahcàm `:edqc<d chý‖ny' tnsjm a:m Îjlsjm

75' ch<¨cm jqfrd chýJ B¿ue`Qeml riq yd c~qrh òjmy' tM ri`:`â tM fe ½l a:3dd c:m ön'

78' zùfjm r:mjnjm ud jh:m`:m nV as:e a:3dq f] ri `:`âwÒÜDnjm yd à`jö :j:3r b

70' o% eymuJne yd cq remys: :j:3r b tM whu:sfrne yd bJm vjenl :j:3r b .‖jmje yd asdq :j:3r b òjm jm n'

74' Ufqjmd òe`yem Òem.njm b fean cs‖a .Eynjm b § `cr<enhön nq:3 c~qrh o,jmjd uyeue:Nnjm ye aelÁ[e l`<M n'

7>' f,möòjef" uØ3,m lvqf" am a:" ýÒfhå aØ," Udqjmj" yfån"chjm `lJm ån" rjmfjm aôjm"

71' öuejnlsjm `lemínlm fíje fam:%nlm" uye¿? f] w:mcs amjef"je.njm öasjm `.j tj ,b wôjm" wrhJqfjm uhí"

9;' w`jem::m: ö`,jm `.j we i,n" .x.e i,n" ýysÒ y~ wh:s ylm`.ån b fhvqJq uejfl`nlm b l3uÒnlm b

9=' rjmoôjm" uye¿? f] `bem,ef" wr² - `j,m,s nj uye¿? f] wue Uaq"

97' .srfqjm öasjm `.j tj ,b wuqJq ahdbyal wh,m ö`QmA`njm csÒfrj ,b wOsÀmlTclrJ §"

99' aqòaq le,`nm § ý:3red c~qrh:m" u:3 lsnh`fj byâ c~qrh:m § tM ri `:`â ¥:njm wecaq tø`ø n'

95' zuu oqòjm" byâ" aØ3jm arJ .s`ný' QelN cq:%njm fyjm am .m Qeaj`nm Tceal ofdc:m f]`ný'

98' j`rem:m:un" Uo b as: cybfe `.j `â `:rhfjm arJ njmjV

90' ―jhf::m ue`.m ny²fe wOs Aml lrf˜ nhns lsne ny² ri `:`â tM whu:sfrhjd

a:mler `led tø`ø n'94' g:e `ye¢jm a:mler lrj ,b tM whu:sfrh cam ualm tys öa]y' Ufqyq `falm ua cqr

cH<ön ß wecaq tjmjd csd:m fq Jem n'

9>' :eu%,scm:`njm jhø jhØY bX`le< cdq`jjm oha.:m Ufqyq ß`<eamfl ß uys chýJ riqohyh òdq fem n'

91' ¥:`nem tM c~qrh ,xle bmñc`nm riq yd òjm`jem n' ,xlec:s :`â Ufqjmd guy:m a:mlerl`<m n'

5;' amfeýne `l`rys whbyY ujm nq:3 f] tM whu:s nem öasjm Tôfcm ua cqrcH<ön Îj`nm wOs Aml lrj ,b ,x`lmjmþ `:`â"

5=' B¿ue`Qeml riq .m fpjn lsne" amfeýne`.m wOsfEbmæn .hj lhu:s f" ,xlefeaYjm`.m ys: aq fys wh²Jq as:m wh:m :m jhf: b wOsÀml l`<em n'

57' z`bönjmd c% snV nj wjmf¿6 jâ ,ho]" ijne yd ahc a,ajmje f] tM j`¿jmþ :`â falm ua cqjm `ce`yem ß ,lmÎf c%Bej T:m afnl § ùàm :ujm jhf: frlm wOs Aml l`<M n'

=1

_7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm :emo¿&7 Q% Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

ù`:lsjm yq§ ij cyjm ax`ø.n cs‖a l< uyefxQ`nm z`bmfejâ csn:s am a reieOsÀmlnV jâ f] t`le`<eam fhjs cÒÁ`ÿbn jsu ön'

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


tM `làm b n:m'''

así`nm aY uhòrh lfq²`fjm wH: o,e`.j' uhòr òe`yemànsjm js ae,mujm' aq ßfqjm riue<s.n:m tàm u ns' wejjmb"jjmb" reyq, ri l3uerfrhjm jslmu .sn ùe`ye`:mf:m `je½jqJq ys am oflm whns `â ½jm½`jjm j'''K µ as:jmjd cdjm .:m:e' zahohöjm u `â .sys `.njâ .sjs `.nlm u ns' ue cq:m

reyq," ue aenqrh wejjmb" jjmb yhu bjeu tM aâoqòrieJjm .m arJ`nm csysíne' tMöuqlm:sn aelmAe:m l<e' w`jm''à tM aâoqbmBQeajn wcd wlhc bK laef: bre" ys auqvq lr" yhu ohôâ as|À yam:sreinjm ùjm fåje tM uqjsfrhjm .m öin O+ýnwcd Trhu jh:s bKV

―`bm önjs " `.em:ù `bm ön ùys ahc:m `fjfe'˜

àmölef`.m yäjm n`QemBref`.m ½yhj ì£ .sne' µ nqyq aq²f `cr .ujm l`<m `.em:ù `bmön`. ce fjmbje `ledcs<s.jmj ns' `b`bje u ujmÎrnd chýJwaqjm .:m:e'

―uH‖njs" â f,e`ø Uo chý`Jm n ls ne uuas :3`ø jhyh'˜

―Uø În‖n" yqrhcqrhò f,eflm jâ je fns:ue' t`y:m :f:m wc c%ueb ön nq:3 jhyh ls n,eud ys :3Je'˜

―lsùlm b uH‖njs" wc l< nq:3 bm lsùlm bKñ`QemBre ah`Jlsjm öuaqfe' tM

lmAJnd whn `.em:ýn`.m aqòfjm `lam l<X òdqfe' nâls as ìnlsjm as: wh<`,jwnqrl3ns whnd ½jq Jm'

zuH‖njm fnad `.easjm' w`yemà wcglmujsjm cs<s arJ aß .: nq:3 u ns'V µl,mcje l<e'

―În‖n" wcs Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm `f:nuq' tM aqjmbr f]" c%ŗ: f] js fjm ran f<|jm jdwcd:m fqfuje of ls nuq' `l`,am faØ`njm wcuqbfj tM aqjm br oqbm B Qeajn yhr wjm lsasflmwcd fqfuje jh:s of tl `y<e lsne as íuq'uu''' uu Tjmfyjm am f lsÒ `cefe yh¥ uH‖njm 'Tjm fyjmàm wc f n<s :m jâ c%:s lm Amc `je lrjof jsahlns În‖n''''˜

―tàm n" tàm n uH‖njs' Tjm fyjmàm wcdcs ysd fj of jsahlns' ùe`ye:ld `cr lfq²fwa, ys| ue l,m cje l`<:m tn u ns ' wjs :N f]"òlm ays : f]" wje:mu f] `â aar .u`jm :f:mwc cue fjm jm l3ud bK uH‖njs" `â o%eym uJauei`nm ys| òlm ö¢je lejm:efjmd arJ önyhlm lm tM aâoqòrieJjm fyjmàmd u cuJns '˜

―În‖n" ue ½j as íne Uo:m `â warJ am:% YamfOefn .hj l,lsÃùjm caqfj of'˜

―tàm n uH‖njs '''ñ`QemBre whn òdq ouqJq auein .hj

lsnjmjd cdjm .:m:e'―Ufqjm lsne as íjm jm am:%s n Tc:sjm u ,eul"

oqbmæ yYj `l`jlm lsn,ns ' am :% Y Tc: js jm Î:ns¨'l3ve le,`nm cs ne nd`:m :m " öfey`njm caqamfeýne nd`:m :m" uy¨ ö`nm § csÒý brhfjmnd`:m :m Õf:m ñu yhr am feêj ñulm whndwns :s jh:s ' amfeýne`.m Ý:lnd chj c:s c]ie chfh:mñu yhr whnd wn:m bnlm jhyh uH‖njs '˜

―tàm n În‖n" uyewfeajeflm ' we.ýl as bm Bam 6ejnld nHudf:m am :Y%jm d wfar jhyh' ½lY u

cfe asys öl,m lrj baqjlm ofnsls njm`jm''˜ `b`bje u ùe`ye:ldjsy~ fqJe' În‖nl`.m Tc:crcqrd waq O jsý:m:lm nhns a,lj" tM jsae Tcjm ue`ye`:mu Îö `:er lr,j `yem la,`.evld whb buj ouqJq auei`nm l3Òrhlâ Ufqjmdu:lm fqJe' `øb" ujm:% weÎlsasflm g`.j .jmjd Ufqjmdwfar jhyh' Tc:sjm u cy:mye ¥As: nhns ah,l3Jq am:% Yjm`â ouqJq u: w:`¿ ùej:râ warJ `f,e bK bHØ3,lcuJ jqfJlm wh:hns lsnýjmUfqjm am:Y %jmd j.j jsjmß''' ―În‖n" aâoqòrieJjmfyjm am tMlejm :`njm u wcd cs ysd

`øö' Tjmfyjm am uyelerh‖lns' Tjm fyjmàm fhv as íj :hjld`.easjm wcs :m tM T:3âchöÎ Oefn u g,m,e

as íuq'˜ ―tàm n uH‖njs"ouqJjm fa,feb`njm wu:j jYp l3, cqrhAnjm cfe tM T:3â wry:m BinÎje öuqlm :s aqf f<|jfe'Tjmfyjm am`.m Qeaj`nm

as n,m ,jm u au :hjlns :hòjm jm ' tàm :sìn §

tM js fjm uØ .ujm lrjmjd`â am :Y%:m fn oeBeflm

fjm`jm `làm b uH‖njsKwcs fy fye nuq' `.eas jm ue cq:m reyq,njm b ,bmßf] tM T:m :u ßneb wcd:m g,mfe .js uq uH‖njs '''˜ `.em:ù u|lm n`QemBre `ba o,e asíne' aâoqò celu,sjm `â ujmÎrnc]ijYn fqJ bfàm aq`ßfqjm riqd Tjmfyjm am fß< `bm whndwe`nu:m u:lm fqJe' ―csjmf:m uyri" amfeýned Îö cqß wH `câl`<m ul, cuJlm `je `fns ' µ wjjm : aa`¿:m

tàm u ns'˜ a| lsôÒnl f gcsb asín § cfeòem a:3jmd wH `câ l< :râ''''

―ls u b uH‖njs" ls ulm b l,m cjefK˜

―jhyh''' jhyh În‖n" Tjmfyjm am`.jm chöbmb g,m ,e as íjm jd wc :râ Trhulâ wh:s wjm

am :% Yjm jâ jhyh' wc Tcjm QelN fxQ`nm as²ýJf] Tjm fyjmàm`.jm" asn¨ am :%Y f¿.ne `fjq`fjm wc tn g,m,e asín nq:3 u ns n`QemBre'''˜ ―tàm n uH‖njs " warJ nhns ls nj tM

as n¨ am :% Yjm .m tM lejm : cs<s arJ cs ‖a" tMlejm :öuqlm :sn cs ‖a wcs tn g,m ,e as íuq'˜ `.em:ýn`.m:m" n`QemBref`.m:m :YrJnwha] QelN fxQsl l3,x.je`fem aq ßfqjm uhòr cqre /am fqJe' tM òe`yeunl`.m amfeýfrhjm b `nefqjm cq:3jm b wry:m Bi`nm Trhulrhfjm ofd c:m ñ wfajm' tM Q%uJ Q% eflnjm .:m uØ .hjYudns Ufqjq:m

`je gfas,m`,jm o,e así`nm' tjsae öuqlm:sn àeneg.s, njmjd Ufqjm `relm fq Jm guy:m lhuh:m :jm'l`jmrhle jâ yam:s reûjsnjm ysuf`:m aq.jmæle`cel3`Jys fhb" ,e `j²âb~q ce.e aqJq öaqJq lrj`,ad u asn¨ weQe /yhjm

ì| `y<j wí`njm Ufqjm asjsô cdcs,Y w:yhr lyf:m bre.:m:e' asn¨ worJ.,fe ½uqfe' wOsjY,`lmQ l,ecnjm lce½uqfe' ý‖ j]cqr.,fe bue ce nq. aqjmbr l<" aqf|f:m l< ,elmAe àemß½uqfe' uhí ce:% w:dwr`.j tM cjm asnnlm l3, l:3jm öuqlm:s uØd csöaqJe'

asjsô u,m `c:s fjm f] `bce ahv

a] ¿n :ec`njm ½ñ.sne' amf¿J f¿J f] [ö l,NeJn cs<sam aY .sne' lsXq,mf:m cqr asd ahfh:m jqfrd ce.ujsjm u chý`JbmÎòdq òdqfjm tM `baöu:s`njm" ax`ø.`njm o,e asíne' t`y:m öuqlm:s aqf

aß .hjYu cs‖a f] tM T:3â wruqJ ls as `,alsjmf:m as£ .s nm jH' ö,m¨b w:3, aqf cyaq wQmf nejef,.ujm l<" asjsô csyedq njm l< uqòùe`<elm nyjnjmys anjn l<" riòeiqjm fh<ª tM aqrHcsjsnjm fyjm cfe je,H cnsjm `â ae òrlm whöb chýJ guy:m `f`yald c:m fqJe' .% YAmu`nm ahv oöjm Ufqjm .m asnquh,s ce nq. :h,Y" cscsÃ `,m .,jmjd fqJe' òyqö,s fhl3Jq tM laef:m òXqrh chyhnd yhrhJe'

tM ae `f`ya bre`.j ahf:dchý‖n:m aâoqòrieJjm fyjm am tys fhv así`nm jhyh' tfr Ufqjm ri.yjqfrd ce.ujsjm u whöb we`ø aâoqò rhf blsjwí`njm' t`y:m''' Tjmfyjm am ri.yjqfrfhv así`n:m jH' öQe,e uyjqfr l+de.erQe,e`ø Tjmfyjmàm fhv `fàj of wha] Ufqjm `f`ya `je o,e u öQe,ef o,ecsd:m fqJe'

`â ae öa,m òlmL cY vefjm ö| bre`.j"öuqlm:s aqfn u wruqJq lr .jsýjm chý‖ Ufqjm uØ ls asò :h`jl y~e `jefh<cqJ:m" aâoqò aqf| /ôJq öQe,e`øl+de.er Qe,efd aùc f] whas,m ,m tM asn¨òlmL ßmujam anjm j:m gfqrh as| ì| fejm bujmjd fqJe' aâoqò ce uq, fh| fh`dýjm

Ufqjm chöÎ of g,m,e y~e fh<cqJe' t`y:m''' :3jml,m blmje aâoqòrieJjm

fyjm am n<s:m tn c%:slm Amc `led fß<e' ―cs jm f:m ue:e`fjs " un je l< nq:m:ls ' Q%uJÕö:n js byam juqò" cs ö:3rh juq ò" ahjas ,s ßnl

juqò g:e u òAm lr n' ceÒQ3bmB oXar aq/ls nnq:m :m o,f:m wÎdjs jm b `je u| lhcñùjm bnq:3 f ns' cqrhAnjmd cfe tn aq/lY u cyaq `je`ø' wecaq Uo uhòrh o,e nHu uhjö'˜ tM wha] .em:ùn lm,ejm: f .sne' â aeòrlm" `â ae `f`yalm bre`.j w`cmlmAel< g,lmln `je ahcs`rj wnqrhns'''Ufqjm l+de.er Qe,e`ø bmfern wOsna ys|fh<`cjmjd fqJe' wejjmb `:rhjm fyjm am `â asn,m,o,e asíne' Tjmfyjm amd wh:s fq`Jm uy:m ax`ø.nlm' `.em:ù `bmön wh:3² csÒa ajafe aâoqòrieJjm fyjm am wOsuqfdfhvu l<e' Ufqjm T`bae chöbmb g,m,e asíne' `bfrlm u :6e.:njm fyjm am tncs<s.:m`:m jhyh' tfr wejjmb `:rJq femùàm öuae asíne'

―am feùjY " Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm a" nâ ñ¿nf:m ".3Jf:m" jhJf:m lejm :eflm a:Nnd Îö cqßoXar aqrls ýjm" aaqjm cs<s f:m cqrns jâ" µ tMcru Qejm: öuqlm:s n Tß lr.jmd wau:m fjmjY bK˜ ―csjmf:m wejjmb" tn tàm `je `ø' nâlejm:eflm wl,xl as:s jm `â aaqjm oXaryhas rjm jY jâ tM lejm :`njm u µ `:eùem tM

aß:js l wue jsfj aelmAe:m lrjm jY n'˜ wj| `:rhjm c% Y:s njm gcs< .sne'`ß`ye:m uqò`jm :oe ù`,a wenepjel<e'

―tàm ñ jâ Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm a" `â`.!:ù Uo fyjm am .m lsÒ ue:e`fem n'uø ìaø jh:s wvqf `je ½`jjmjd uøà`jya `je wvqf òjmje n' ½jm Uofyjm am :s`,efd u uH‖njm fj àml' tM lsÒ uø yd wuelsÒ ,oe `bj àmlmfeà tM

lejm:e`fem b `â csö:3rh oXar yhasr `âòlm anqr :rJn lr:mfeà˜ wj| `:rhjm lsn] cqf: wha] Ufqjmc%uqÎ: as:sjm jh.Y asíne' asn¨ `f`ya ah`Jlsjm òrh fqJe' òlm ajm asôJe'Ufqjm asÒce uq, fh| fhdqJe' :6e.:njm fyjm am Ufqjm .m chöbmb wjq½j fß<e'

―csjmf:m ue:e`fjs" Uo,e tM :6e.: Q%eöle Os lmAqŗjm fjm`jem n' wl,xl as:s jm oXar yhas r"ueja ö, w:hr cs nXe nj yxa reûjs njm am Uob â Of chfh:mu jâ ueneleÃ ö`,jm js byam f"

tn w:m yhr wue jsfj cs Ò öuqlm:s`nm wyam :,ndjh`Øjmj' asn¨ òlm jae aqfc:m fjmj'˜ T:3â ìjr cqjm `ce`yem Îjnl ùàmöuqlm:s`nm wry:m Bi bre T:3â jsfjsjmjsñ ahjaqJ `.!:u În‖frhjm ydwc`.m QY ¿A juamlern øfeààà

whaqr ( ztM wue .Y:nV c]ijY n ls Òo:m .evZeJejjm b am feùjm fyjmàm

lejm:e öuqlm:s n m öin.%yJn tàm ajsdqyjm önà

adyj

àmýŗ gjmþpece

`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j''' 9

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


5 _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm :emo¿&Q% Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

adyj :oj wb Îjn7;=9';1';1 `fjsß' Uo `â adyj lsnfj öd wcs `â lsnj lerJe nâ nâ

welerf,sjm w:mö| wfajmñ :sìn yhlsns' wùÒlejq js`nemû: ujm:Y% uJm v,nöasjm asÒnefd t`rys whùÒlejq c%yern .hj

a,le oh¨`jm wb bfàm' tM wjqf t<`XjgÎÒ Îj :3jlm u asÒnefd .3fjm c%yert,m, lrjmj Ufqjm :YrJn l<e' tM lfr Îj :3j b njmj :fu `y<s `je`lrhJ:m wÎjm caqf wreì fajm:`nm w²nd /£ :soqJ `,m csceae`ø .sjs cqcqrhuy .sjmjlm wfq²fjmj uq, cqrjq wh:s'

asÒnejq ce,l clmAn aylhr,slrhfjm w:r cf:sj .hdqud:m wreì fajm:n :râ u fnans' asÒnejq ijeæc:s oAe¿ waebm`.m ce,jndt`rysf lhr,slrhfjm wö w:d .:m`:m odysr rdf,mf,sjm `je wvqf u ,hoqJq T:m :mijnjm js ae lsnj tl `,emlnd u

ryalm `jùns' tM `le`yeu fqJ:m òâbu bue :soqJ `â .sjmj whö<s,e .s nm w`.emam:3 uea`nm 7= `fjsß asÒnef :3<asòf] raenjsl wö c%yern:m auØns' byam .Jjlm aeuejN fhasnjmd urh lh|f] `âraenjsl c%yern aâojmB`njm asÒnejq rin ay lhr,slrhfjm tls`jledwhØs,s Î.3 lr .:m:e' wfaej`nm tlm a:m ie:Yjm`.m axöBejn uØsjm cÃlmAJnlm asò lrjq ,hoq`ø ahoH c%yerlnjmàene .hjY â wruq‖jm' tlY cÃlmAJfe¿:ef jsl3:m `fjmjd:m cre:3fns `âweler`njm whùÒlef asÒnefd t`rysc%yernld wr wÎjm`jm' `,ef o,:3,j`nm cf:mje wau:3,s::efn ùnsjm uhjöjm `cjY njfe'

ínqjY asnef" GÕcm:3f" ,sìnefnj rdf,mf, ce,j :jm:%njm ì|`y²H uhb`crÎ. wreì fajm:n

:3< `â :elm whùÒlejq o,ndys a `je jhu] asÒnejq ce,jnwb whùÒlejq yuqßfjm .m wel%uJnld `.eòrh

ñud Ujmj ùjmj wfam6eflns :s ojm`jm' tß uhb`crÎ.sjm nqb .sjs jh`.bm§ :3jmfj`,eml nqbmBnl àmneflm `cjY `je `cjY .sne' tM :m auam: `,eml`nm u feajefld tfhjs uye fNajnlm lre wreì fajm:n:,m fq Jm jhyh' t`yu `je fq`JwhùÒle`ø ys: `ye|luld `jùns" tM `f,e`ø whùÒlejq nqb /,m,dnqbmBnlsjm u cs<s:3rh `bjmj wel%uJnjmd`.eòrh fqJ rd yhr wjm lsasò rdlm :YrJn `je l< js ans' t`y:m ùfr::m:mfn Gd ye:mcasjm u `fjam''' whùÒle`ø w:m:`jemu:sll%snel,ecnjmd t`rys f `â :elm `jeÒam aqu cuJlm c< l< rhasnef:m" Ðjn:m `â ùe`ye`:m nqbmBnd nqbmB`njm cs<s:3rh`bjmj :YrJn lr,e' asÒnejq u¿uam6ej87lm g,lml lr.jsýjm whùÒlejq o<wh‖ c%yernd`neuq `fj`ledrhasnef :u c%yerl`j!le asÒnejq uqyq bm am6ej.:lrjm`jm yqò nqbjsÃlmAJ ldnq:m:lm`,asjm jâ `jùns'cyr `bjm jm nâùe`ye:l b `cr<ecyr `bjmjns Ufqjm .m a]ßju'whùÒlefd f`.m u Ufqjmd ayn`bjmjjmd:m tl f`.m u c%:söcel ,hòjq wh:s lsn,ns rhasneflsnjm j' `,eml o,f:3jm½jm `bcald ñ wöwùemre .jmjfe' tlm càl whùÒlefc%uqL ì%:ejNn"µam Ü%,snef" c%xQn"icejn" g:e,sn"

i¿ujsn" lhjvef" afqÎ wreìn"

amceZmZn"

`â whr`Xjm jm: 3jmfj `,eml n qb mBn bK :3jm fjs

c%Qmjnl3:m :s njfe'`â wfBejâ `ye¢jm u

bjmjfe fqJ:m" tn `â`â welernjm .jm o,ceö

nhns l6e `lrhJ:m wbd:m wcsd tfhjmjld uqyqJ `bjmj

c% e`nem.sl fhvcs<s`f<lm jH''' `,eml nqbmBnlm lre `,eml o,f:3jm

l|fqrh `blld `fjm f .sn`ye:m wcfhjs axf¿Bjn `fýjm cf:sj rdf,mf, ajmjs`øbjn" öò,sn ye :elmAJn" U!ABye à!LN àmfef" wBNecjn" we¿Ùln ayuq,sjm u lve fh`dj of js ahlns''' tn tcuJlsjm jf:sj tll3:m jhyh'wh:hâ öd `,ef o,f:m rdf,mf,d asnnqb ù`ynqâ T`bae :efle,sl ù`ynqâuBNam6ejnjm ofd wc fhjs l3ve rdf,m c:m `fjmj:m cq²fjm' tßd wcs ùelblrjm`jmK ùnd uqyqJ `bjmj cq²fjm weler`bllsjm' tlm welernlm `,!lslns" w`jl`,em lem:m:rns''' `,!lsl l% sne cs<s f< :uns w`cm aâc:m u: r\ cf:sj we¿Ùl l%unlm`.ev jh.Yu' fam:3 leun ajm:Ecm:lsÃud `fr brjmjjmd jâ ùn c%ueJf:mfj tllm jhyh' t`y:m ½yhùjm"àùjm Õö:n cf:mfe `.j njmjdjâ fqfuje lrjm jm by`â amc¿Qn,oj we¿Ùl rdeflm u ns' `leíjm u wcs uq² uy:m `,eml`njm u yq`bl,e fqJ:m ov.sjm jm `je uh`rj" ae csceae`ø `jeuh`rj ie:snlm `,a `.ev jh.sn nq:3ns'csdríjm fqfuje `bmf,m `je ,hoqJ`ye:m yeu`:m uh`¿ö nhns wcd as:jmjd asò f:s ojm jm weyer jsAmcebjn fhjs u],slwfQN:efnjm acqrj le¿n`nm cdjm wjm aHu `bnlm u wc csdríjm ,hòj `bmf,mu: u cf:mfe`.j nHu js ans' c<uq`fjm`fjam l< nq:m`:m tnns''' nqb .sjs ½,mf,sjm `,emln TJqaqâ `fñnj `â ùe`ye: U`ã Õö: le,n :3< tfjm w:m½lYulm ,oj c<uq wfam6effjmjd òe`yem òrd gv :sòjfe' g:e aq² csÒald ùn `bfhjs wfam6ef'

t`y:m aa`¿ wcs wjjm: fer .Jjsjm ùfjm nqb ìâf, `,m f.3rhfjmjd wh:s' tM nqbleù cYvjnjm ö| bre .jmjd wh:s'ujqAN`nl3 jajmjd :f`llm wö brjm jmUfqjm wöysxaefe§ byul Q% eflnjm `jefj jsae`fjm' t`y:m Uod jâ tM B¿unjs:r u wh`yjfe `jm bK wh:m:d u UodB¿un aq,ons `jm bK t`y:m''''' l,mc asnnld u wöysxae`ø byuwajmjd ,hoq`Jm a:m f:eflm cuJ ns''''`â B¿u`nm cy< ñu w:sQnsjm ò¿,Ons''' tM js ae u byu .3rh `led`.j Tc:m"öc:mf,sjm jsbyam fjmjjm b ò¿,Ons'''`,emlnlm jajmjd l3Òrh wö w: bre ahràjmjfqjm .jm abyd u `fjm fjmjdwh:s tlu `,em lem:m:r fhvcs<s`f< :uns tM '''

nqb .sjs ½,m uhb `je ½ñ aar .sjs jsfjmjd asn,m ,em wc%ue§ `f:mfeà

:3 ¿lsn ay bl3Jq `leÒnef' w`jlm carhasnef" Ðjn" gjmòjYasnef"we¿ijmíjef" o%aY,n" bl3Jqwcs%lef" grejn''' `â o,f:3jm`.m.hdqulm asò fqf`ye:m tn :3jmfj`,eml nqbmBn `,a g:syea.: fjmjd:râ orc:< .hdqulm u fj of js ahlns' tM `ÅbjYn nqb TJq aqu ùe`ye:ldcàld lr,e wcs w`cm rd Îyed yh`ruq'gÎlsÃâ wxQ`nm ½fhjm: öcm,fnlm asòlrýjm :s am farl nqbmB`njm caq t<õ aun :3< r`Ü QY ?% Ò!:sl axf¿Bjnlm asò `lrhJe' tM :elm wcs w:m `je ö|cq wæ`ø.Y ue¿. cbmB:snlm f`.m u jffrenlm" jf .3fjm `:edqc<lm weÎn w`cm rdd ,hoqJe' wj¿?:u rx. Qe,eflm

`,a `j²â `cel3Jìys `fj`led `,efcam fjsfd Ta ul3 j `,asjm `j²âl3 j:m yh`bjmjcdjm .:m:e' `â aHujs ¿ueJnlm csdqcau wcd :sòjý:%:mf`nm `nemb aön:uns Ðjn' ûjYfe Gjsneuejf ysýlâ`leýau yuq`ø wcs pqÎ:njm ofd c:m `fj`led gjmÎnejqwa,mfhasne cfecsdq cH`â orc:<cevqflm wcd `je½`jjmj:m Ðjn wc auØ asëu `,el3 `ym:3flm fqJe' tM weler`njm wcdTbø lrj ys:f:mreiNn:m gy:sjm blmfcq nqb caqì`â tlm ce¿Qfnlm js`nemijn lrjfe' tM ö:rlm `jùns"wa,mfhas gjmÎnef:m`â w¿oqb`nm c%o,

aeBlnlm' `â nqb TJq aqu lfr `yem welernlsjm tM rdf,m yrye yue .sn`ye:m `:emrh ùemrh w:`¿ ys| :h,Y `ceåfjye,muham ajm fjmjd wcd asò `øö'r`Ü òe`yem axf¿Bj l% snef,Yjm tlùe`ye:lsjm whJ ysíjmjd tn `ym:3flm `øö' tM tl c%Qmjnlm'''

whùÒlefd lfb:m :u wOsuejn.hj c%Qmj :soqJe' Ufqjm .m l%und"Ufqjm .m u:nd cÒoeysr f lf`rl3 `yem ldnq:3 lsÃu amflYn wOsuejndlh<,lm `,asjm a,lcq js ans tM asn,m,jm u u¿Bjn lrjmj whùÒlef `bfrlm `je as:3`ø' g:syea`nm aHu wfam6efl§ u ce`ym Ufqjm :u ys am uejmjlmlerjâoqf `fjq`fjm wjNnjm`.m amfeêj:mfnwOs`nem.nd ,lm lr :sòjfe' Ufqjmdwjqf ‶ ,xlef lsnjm`jm:m zjeyd jeyjV

rdlm' tM jsae wbd:m uejf ysýlâ jâ.sjsj], w:sjm wrjm :uns Ufqjm w`cm

rdd .sjs csõjm`jm' lfr `yem ùe`ye:l tM `få,m,:m

c:m:3 `fjmj ohÒlulm jH' `â :uns `bfhjs c%Qmjn'''

wj:3rl adyj

Tò,e cbmuef:Y

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


wfqrhbmbl nqbmBnlm wefe' òem fj `rem.wefe' tM tlldf:m uh`rjm jm jh:3fwcs :eu gjmjfe`jm' t`yu jâ tM a|yew`cm cs jm wjqo,nlm ceöÁÝ `fjfe`jm'yhohns `â csj `.ö `.ñ nj tllm' `âl_LnBâue& lmAn`f,e nj amfOef`njmnqlm: bnlm' t`yu jâ wcd chyhÎ,sns" wcs `âujq ama `,emlnd whö,m,e :s`njm jm csjm o,nlsjm' tM f`.m u wcd `cmjfe" `âujq ama `,eml`nm u l:e lrjmj ohÒwn" `.e: .yj wn" yÒnd uql3:m lsne.jmj ohÒ wn gjmjfe' axaer`nm fpjnfrbmbe .hjYu js ae fpj l:e lrjmjohÒ wn gjmjfe' juq:m wcd `ye|dl:e lrjmj cq²fjm`jm' tM f`.m u wcdnâ js rem.Ylul3:m :s njfe' tM f`.m uwcd yhlsnefl3:m :s njfe' t`yu jâ

wcd `â Ulm leu ,hì,e :s`njm jm csjm o,nlsjm' tM js ae wcs cs jjm ,b `â `bmf,m wjqjmd jsjmbe `je lsÃud" wcyea `jelsÃud" .ryjm jm jh:s fjmj ceöÁÝlrjmj µj' tM f`.mu wjqjm aqfc:m lsÃu

cs‖a" wjqjmf nyc`:m`nbñu cs‖a ceöÁÝlrjmj µj' t:`led:uns wcs fpj`njm csjlrjm jm' t:`led :uns wcs axfrñu cs‖a lnsjmcsj lrjm`jm' tM f`.muwcs wjs:m wn bhl,eG¿ANe `je lrjmjµj' t:`led :uns ujasjm csjm lrjm jm'`â öÎyd as:" ln"fpj`njm /amlrj csj:uns wcd `â ue¿.

nd Tbø lrjm`jm'`â öÎyd as:" ln"fpj`njm /amlrjcs jm Tbøf w`cm B¿u ue¿.nd öQe,nyc:lm' tM lsnjm jm csj w`cm Õö:n nyc:dcuqJqfjfe'

csn Trhu`njm ,bcs<s arJ yôje .jsuq' oqòrieJjm fyjm am ae,e lsnj o% eymuJ

.`â § `bmQje l< zae,eV lsnj a]:%`nm a|yjm `fjfe" ―csjmf:m uy`Jjs"w¨:sjm chöÎ `fj asn,m,jmd u a:r a:scÜDej`njm fean lrjmjT.jmfjmj˜lsn,e' tM f`.m

u oqòrieJjm fyjm am wejjmb

:m: fQ`njm u `â ue¿.`nm :s`njm jm au6n:m öb¿Qjef:m jm' au6n yeöb¿Qjef lsnj `bl cs<so|f oqòrieJjm fyjm am ö.%ylr,e :s nj öÎy yÒnd u½j.hjYu wcd yÒu fhb.:m'ö`QmA`njm u wcs au6nd:hjlm În nq:3 ns' tM ùelb au6`njm :uns jYfrJ

B¿u ndc:m lr,e `bjm jm' oqòrieJjm fyjm am `bmQje lr,e :s njfe z_au`6emOslmL`ø Oeö`:em lu:m6ujq yem:sK Ý:m:xOeñn:s& csjmf:m uy`Jjs" au6n fvjmjµj' au6n fhvq fe:m as: fh`vnsV lsn,e't`yu jâ as :m amfOefnlm :uns fh`vjtl' as: fh`vjm jm jYfrJ B¿u ndc:m ñùjm wh:s fj tM le.%:efn :3<' tM jsae

wcs tM le.%:efn :3< as: fh`vj au6nlrjmj µj' G<Ød z_öcam aje OslmL`øOeö:e lu:m6ujq`yem:s cZmZe Oeñn:s& csjmf:m uy`Jjs" öb¿Qjef fhån nq:3 ns'öb¿Qje fhvq Je:m nâ c%{eflm whbmb"tn fh`vnsV lsnjfe'

t:`led wcd fvjmj :s njm`jm as::m" c%{ef:mm' as: fvjm jm au6`njm'c%{ef fvjm`jm öb¿Qje`fjm' fh`vjas :m :uns c%{ef fh`vjm`jm' tM f`.m uc%{ef fhvq Je:m :uns as: fh`vjm jm't:`led `â tlld tllm rhl3,m `bjfe'tld tllm TcleÃ `fjfe' nâ `l`jlm`ye¢jm au6 aueænlm fv,e :soq`Je:m tned tM l öb¿Qjefd cyaqflm u ns'yhohns wcs öb¿Qje fvjmj µj ue¿.C,w`cmlmAeflsjm `:erf n6eO+: ZeJnTcbfe .hjYudns' ùelb" n6eO+:ZeJn wh:s fq Je:m :uns jsãìbe

ZeJn wh:s`fjm`jm' jsãìbe ZeJn wh:sfq Je:m :uns öre.nd njm`jm' g:sjm wcs`â `bmf,m .hj wfòemBn wh:slr .jm`jm jh:3f ue¿.C, wfòemBnlm wh:slr.jmj µj lsn,e ys:e`.j öb¿Qjefvjfe lsnuq' t`yu fvj `ledaueæ`njm ùellm yÒ tlml lr,e Ujmjtlcerd u wbm O+: `f,e .s`ne:m wcsys:jfe zuu u.C, ,hoqfeV lsn,e' g:sjmjslâu jh:s c%Qmjnld fh`djfe'

oqòrieJjm fyjm am òe`yem öd `âujàm amfOefn `cjmfe §,e :s`njm`jm uen]cuZm p öZmZeJx& öZmZeJnueneler`nlm f`.m lsn,e`jm' g:sjm tM jsae tM ueneleÃ amfOefn `â :3< yhu:s am am u :s njfe' wh:m :jm u wcs `â ueneleÃ amfOefnlm tlml gjmjjsae`jm wcd `âld njmj ohÒ' oqbmB`bm mQje`ø `cjmfe `bj öÎyd aZmZe

öc,m,eanlm jm wcd :s njm jm' wcd tM :3< waq On aq O fQ`njm `cmjfe' wjs:N`bm js:N fQ`njm `cmjfe' òlm `bm ahcfQ`njm `cmjfe' wje:mu `bm we:mufQ`njm `cmjfe' toô `cjYulm :sne`.j:uns wcs n6e¿6nlm `yenjmj njm`jm'js:N" aqL" we:mu `cjY `cjY :uns wcs wjs:N" òlmL" wje:mu `yenjmj njm jm't:`led wcs lhrls,e fh`djm jm we`nu:m crJ öc,m,eand u ns' tM öÎyd öc,m,eand fh`djm`jm jh:s fjmj

u:3 aohkbs'''zjùem oqbmBenV aÕñ abyâ

l:slef: whaqÒjm alam fj ,scs c`<m

byjufhjs `ledans '

8`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j'''

jâ wcd n6eO+: ZeJn wh:s`fjmj µj'n6eO+: ZeJn cf:sjmj jâ au6`njq:m"öb¿Qje`fjq:m wjqo, ,hòjmj µj' au6`njq:m" öb¿Qje`fjq:m ,hòjwjqo,`njm :uns n6eO+: ZeJn cy<`fjm jm' tM öÎyd n6eO+: ZeJnwh:s fjmj jâ tne wLJmvf" `ye|gfaY ujm" asys njm `â `bmf,m lrjmj µj'

cs jjm ,b feajefgfaY ujm ÎnqJq lr.jmj

`.evlm wnd asbmB `fjm jm tM wnys:jfe zud `âl íl bfalsjm lr.jmjcq²fjmV lsn,e' uu jâ w`cm amfeùjm fyjm am,ed cfe lsnjm`jm gãoe`.ns"yefe`.ns ¿am tl we`fe:m gãoe`.m ch:m: .jmj lsn,ns' ùelb wcd ysýjmysýjm yÒ .3JB¿u fhé`â w`cmlmAefns

µj' t`yu jh:3f båìå .e`.j chj,e.sys,m,e `,emlnd c%ld `fjmj bhØ,Y ujm C,lm jH' ysýjm ysýjm yÒ .3JB¿ufhé`â w`cmlmAeflm :s nj `lje ysýjmysýjm yÒ .uj njfe' tM ld wcd `ye|ZeJnlm :s njmj µj' aeuejN `,emln .hj.:m::m" wcs aeuejN`c<" Taam `c<,snjm jm" Tceænlm lre njm jm wfqrhòlYnlm gam lem`,m .sysjm bK wfqrhò lYnlm jâ`ce:m lsnf,e bK öOe.lYnlm jâ ,sn, bK tM lsnjm jm wcs aeuejNram aeflm .jmj aqòaqlâ,ojmj wfqrhò .eJlm `f`yàjf`jm' t`yu

t`lm a:r wcendTåjm lrJulm .yjmj"ue¿.C, ,ojmj`lens:râ jâ lhcönnq:3 bK t`yu tllm lr.jmj jâ :ujm .m csjm o,n yaqrhfe.jmj :ujmd `lens:râ.3Jf:mlâ µj bK

ux ö`QmA`njm u.3Jf:mlâ cs<so| fl:e lrjm jm tMlns'wcs `â B¿u ue¿.`nm nbm§ wjqjmd wcyea lrjm`jm jh:3f yÒcÒam aùjm njmj µj' ùelb wcd `âujq am a Õö:n ,hì,e :s njm jm cqJNöcelnlsjm' bfalm `l`jlm oqòrieJjmfyjm am .jm whyqfe ―Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm a"`â a:mfnjm wvq wenqA`njm uh`rjm jm

whnsK˜ lsn,e' oqòrieJjm fyjm am `bmQjel<e ―wvq wenqA`njm uh`rjm jm c% eJ?e:lrcq wn˜ lsn,e' t`yu jâ §¿?enqA,hòjm jm c% eJ?e: `je lsÃu `ym:3`fjm m'wcs `â ysdcq Õö: le,n :3<" wcs bjmjÕö: le,n :3< Ujmj 4= lh/,m,wefe' >1 lh/,m, wefe' :s am

amfeùjm fyjmàmd `bmQje l<e" ―csjmf:m wejjmbn" Uo nùl3d web`¿jâ" lrhJefjm: jâ" bnefjm: jâ tM wnd a:r a:scÜDejn wh:slr .jmjT.jmfjmj˜ lsn,e' t:`led wcd `cmjfe" a:r a:scÜDejn lsnjm jm ujq am a`nl3d`leÁpr cs<s arJlm b lsn,e'

bfalm TjmjeO lsn, o% eymuJ`nlmwhö,m,e oqòrieJjm fyjm am .jm ,am aj c%Qmjnlm wyjfe' ―Oe.Nf:3jmfyjm a" `fjm `fjm öAn wjq Of lrj

wen:j cylm :s njfe' _tM lsnjm jmwh`yjm rHcn" ljsjm Qãbn" jea`njmwe?% eJn" Î`fjm ran" lnsjm cya& `âcyd cs<s arJ ùellm bK˜' oqòrieJjm fyjm am cs<s:3rh `bjfe ―`â cydcs<s arJ ujans'˜ wcd tM l wh:m:ns lsn,e `ye|d `cmjfe' ùelb wcs wh`yjm rHcnlm bhlm le:m tM wh`yjm bhlcq rHcnwcd we`nu:m ujasjm ù`jys lrjmjcq²fjm jm' t`yu jâ wh`yjm rHcnblsbm§ uja cs<sarJ `f,e :s`njfe' tMf`.m u ljsjm Qãbn wy,e tM l we`nu:m u:lm lrjmj cq²fjm jm' t`yu jâQãbn wybm§ uja cs<sarJlm `f,e:s njfe' wcd `â öÎyd wcs ,ho] w:mbhlYu ujad .jmj cq²fjm'

G<Ød `â `lje wyjfe ―amfeùjY"ujad cs<s arJ l3ulm bK˜tM a|yeoqòrieJjm fyjm am cs<s:3rh òjm jm

ujad cs<s arJ a:sn lsn,ns' a:snjh:mjâ ujad cs<s arJlm jH' Gd camàm ùne wyjfe ―a:snd cs<s arJ ùellm bK˜ oqòrieJjm fyjm am fbe<e" ―a:sndcs<s arJ öuqlm:snns'˜ Gd cam am whyqfe"―öuqlm:snd cs<sarJ l3ulm bK˜ t:`ledoqòrieJjm fyjm am tM o%eymuJnedlsnjfe ―o% eymuJn" tÁpr òr njm jm jH' öuqlm:s`njm gfrns' Uo c%Qmjn wyj aYuef glmufe .sne'˜ t:`led wcd`cmjfe" tM le,`nm `ø.`njm öuqlm:snlre .s nm tM lns' tM lsnjm jm oqòrieJjmfyjm am ö.%y lrcq ö.%yn yÒ g,lmlnlre njfe' chyhÎ,s wruqJlm lre njfe'chyhÎ,s uef:lm lre njfe' tM öÎydchyhÎ,s uef:lm lre" yÒ g,lmlnlm lrenj js ans tned tM wfam6ef :s njm`jm'

wcs `fj `fj uef:m lreg,lmlnlm jh:3f U`ym l:e

lrj js ans w¿6n calm `fjm jm jh:m :m'

byâ u`.m njmj.3JB¿u wjsfe¿nns

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


0 _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm :emo¿&Q% Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

`.!:u ajm`bmQn

www.EnmccmCheaiaoh.oht

uq<e`fys .s`,jmjd `je fwfòemB`nys ahÒarjmjd''''

c]ijYn jef,csí`nm wÒnfxQ amfeùjm fyjm am

`reoÜ jelm am .m tß `y< Îf `ce`:mù`yu l6eflm :s oqJe' Tvqjqfr ye níjqfr nj c% bmQf,m àaq c<e:mf,d fve Taam `,a:m fhb.:m

`,a:m a,ljq ,h`ã' ij.yJ`njm fhåf] O+ ý`nm aerf:mOef`njm b àaq c% bmQcrbfe À ùu c% bmQnjmys l3,Yj`nem fean `l`r:s' ùu `bjqfÒjm lfrc% bmQnlm fqf b zl3Xq`¿ yeýjm asíj`.eöne fqf b l3Xq rjm `.evd `.juvàemß .:m l,mys Uyq .:s.3J`njm yecrcq`rjm asxyeajnd aqòaq fjm jm n'Vnjq ùys fhasnjm :3 v:3 vys cf:mjel6efls'

`jelm am `â lerJn adyjm l< js aewbd:m wcs lsnjm`jm zuv àemß .:m l,`.eöne rilud:m aqòaq nV lsn,ns' tM :m `â l6e`ø aq,uq, `le:hj b lsn,e`jelm am `je ,Yfe cuJlm `jùns¦ wcd:m chyhÎ,s u:nlm jH'''' yhohns `â l6e`ø aq,uq, w`cm g:syea`nm wjOs OfjYn u wfæn fj"rjsjm ,snhfqJ T:mlEAmd reiN nq.nl

wbmö:Yn ìysñu fj .euŗ wOn reiN aund Îf nj ofns w`cm wbya' .euŗ wOn lsnjm`jm w`cm g:syea`nm tlm:re cÒÁ`ÿbnlm cuJlm jâ `jùns¦ tM :uns nq. nq. .Jjsjm /ø cs<s/øjØjmje f] w`cm wOsuejn" byud Îö cqßri ahc w:hr .sn l3u`rl3`.m ñröl%un"àmjeæ jenlne`.m nqbmBnlm T`bae f] ½å wlhuh:m: ye c%o, ujqAN:mfn :3<in.%yJn ,b nqbmBnlm .hj `,emln a:3 tlu g:syean'''' .euŗ wOn l3urhri ahc w:hr c,e .s`nm n<s chýJri`fjmj as:e`.j `jùns" js ¿feJn aelmAe:m lrjmjd as:e`.j:m `jùns"jsfjsjm jsñ ahjàj csjm wh:s ýjs aqjm `fjq fjm tM T:3â aâoqò uØ aqrlmAs:lrfjmjdns''' t:3< :soq`Jm waeuejNÕö: cÒ:Ne.nlm' wjNnjm`.m aqrlmAs:of `fjq fjm :ujm wjerlmAs: ñu"

wjNnjm .m ahjaYu `fjq fjm :ujm jhaYneu" wjNnjm`.m jsñu `fjq`fjm:ujm ½ñu'''' ùfjm lhclsÃulm l<yhlm lm wayen ujqAN`nl3d cuJ u ns'oqbmB wxl3rnlm ½ns as :j :rud u tM`Á:jef waeuejNns" Tßr:rns'''à asxy,n tlm am a:m lrfjmjd wö ays: f] adjd cs<scjm ùe`ye`:m bauye à`jöfrhjq:m" öyeruye `bmön jâf] asxy,`nm uye ñr lejm:ef:m" ue.uuye ijlen:m gÎÒcsd ys|`.j .euŗwOn l3urh ùàm cfajfe' ―B¿un wc nqbmBn a|ye `jelh|fns''' wel%u‖lne b wc nqbmBn a|ye`je lh|fns' wel%u‖lne wc nqbmBn

a|ye `je lh|ñùjm :u wel%uJnwc`.m j]cjm crâcre blmfe b c:3rfns'

tàm ls Ãùjm Uyq j]cjm crâcrefjmdB¿un wysý lrns'

tàm `ynsjm" lfr `famuqyqJlm ch,| asín b wel%u‖lne j:r l< nq:3 u n'Uyq j:r ls Ã`â fNeneu`nm ju znqbmBnVjâ tn `je lr ue `fj l3ulm lrjmj bK tM:m Uod ue lsnjmj µjH''''" ue`.m tM fNeneun ls as `,al:m ri ahc cs‖a

wjqrcqrn in`.j rd tlmàm a:m lsÃ`â uye ax.% eun asò l< le,nuq²,m`,m adjsjm :3fe, ,b ý:3redf`.m u a:3red:m tlàm u `fb`yblâlrjmj js`nem. lrjmjd riq `c<Xf] nm`f,m gcjh,s yrye as:d lefhòJq ujqAN:mf`nm w.n ns' in.%yJn Ujmjùjmj lsne :sìn §:m aeuejN fhasned asòfj yejs f<lmfe,jq cs‖a" rJleu`njm u:mf] :u ijne ysíyhí`nm nqböreunjm `f: `.j .s`nm:m Uyq uhjöjm½j así tM ujqAN:mf`nm w.n u n' au], ?e:jn `led t<er ce,jn aqjqöaqjq l<yhls f :sìn §:m ijne `je `c<je `,a aqÕf:m f c,enHu `yem bmfjmb adjld t<X :ued cuJlm t`rys f adjm fh§unj :YrJn .hjY â wfam6ef t<er riqd,oe §ud :râ .euŗ wOn riq uej]AYnf] nm:m as: gyfye .sn ujqAN:mfn js aeön nq:3 ns' ―`â :râ wlhuh:m`:jm nqbmBnlm lrje ls asò ri`l`jl3 `,ef`je asíne ön nq:3 ns lsne ba uyà`jöfrhjm lY`ø:m riq`.m wcÒý:ujqAN:mfn .hj ön nq:3 u ns'''' `â ae öa,m f] .3J lbâOnlm ays: f rd tlmàm a:m l< tM nq.cqrhAneJjm :uns wc bjmje g:syean:3< l3Xq`rjm `.evd chýJ ys a lsrh,ch,ª c<uqfhjmje'''' Uyqd wh:s `.!rfnjs ae:m" `â `je `fjam ,sÈ: g:syea`nm aelmAs js ae:m" zuvàemß .:m l, `.eönerilud:m aqòaq nV nj axl,mcn w`cm r`Ü uq,m oha .:m :m tM ñr êr .euŗwOn riq`.m ‶ jeun :3<sjm of ùejfed

chyhÎ,s ns'ö`Qm A cqJNejq uembjef -ölE:s f fh<`,ýjm cf:s j `c%!P g:s yeandn<s c%eJ Õfn tlm lrýjm zuyri .huqJqV jâf] öQs Am d `t:syeasl lE:sn rpje l< injm:

pjmþas Ò Q+Ãjm d

- jjmÎý:% -

uv àemß `.j ri f]c<u q `.eöne n `y`:`â'''

B¿un wc nqbmBn a|ye `je lh|fns ''' wel%u‖lne b wc nqbmBn a|ye `jelh|fns ' wel%u‖lne wc nqbm Bn a|ye `je lh|ñùjm :u wel%uJn wc`.m j]cjmcrâcre blmfe b c:3rfns' tàm lsÃùjm Uyq j]cjm crâcrefjmd B¿un wys ý lrns' tàm `yns jm " lfr `fam uqyqJlm ch,| asín b wel%u‖lne j:r l< nq:3 u n' Uyq

j:r lsÃ`â fNeneu`nm ju znqbm BnV jâ tn `je lr ue `fj l3ulm lrjmj bK

`je `ø" aâoqbmB Qeaj`nm Ýrchfh:muT`bae cuJnsà˜ _Tcqde .hjY u - injm: pjmþasÒ Q+Ãjm`.m

zuyri .huqJqV lE:s njm & cre¿6leù:mf`njm tM ae Ub fhvqJq ri `l`jl3 .hj `,eml g:syea`nm wjmlfr :hjl § f:m uqJ .hàjfe bnjmj ahl ays:ns' lefjm:s ama riq bý< wel%u‖lned t`rys f adjm `je fhò`Jm wau:mlulm jsae `je `fns' Îfns`jm rird ye T:3rce,jn lrj þöv ce,lnjmd f`.m uyÎas wfam6efl Ufqj`.m Tclerndchý`Jj bl3Jq gjm§n àmjefjmd:m

uqyqJ §ud au:m o, wh‖nlm ahlàj:3rh Uyq l,m uhrhfe' tn asòfj ödUyq .m le,n wfajm' `â Tcl%uQY,Y:mfn.euŗ wOn l3urh js as `,a `:mrhâ `je.:m :m Uyqd :soqJq we`ø.n jsae u ns'wfaj Uyq l`<m csn riqd am:%Y weOrJ:H.s nfe ue.ùjm c,e nHu' :3rhJq ö`nmwe`ø.n jsae`fjm csn riqd am:Y %nl`.m ò¿f,lâ wh:hns fNx.`njm lsne asín:m"rd tlm am a:m l< caq .euŗ wOn uyriq asn csn riq .m wfam6ejql+, jsy~ofùej :râ jâ `Q%mAmD fqJe b lsnj tl`:mrhâ .jmj wh:s' w`cm l6ef `:mue`fjm òe`yem tcsdd`.j njmj asòfq Jm w`cm g:syea`nmìys f] `Q%mAmD:u reiN jenlne cs<so|wcs :fu:m js as wfòemBnl jhyhlsn,e as:3J js ans' `le`yeu juq:m tßcsn riq`.m Tbya:m auØ .euŗ wOn

l3urh u,n rdd c,e .sne' bauyà`jöfrhjm `â c,e nHud Tcler l<of lsnh`fjfe' tM öÎyd c,e .sncq `â rei l3uerned tnsjm caq t<õ ba farld weajmjle,nlm cqre u,n r`Ü `.eö crcqr:ujm .m auc%eJn ofd c:mfqJe' amflhuh:m`:jm u asn¨ reilYn aâc:m:Yjm .jm auq.:m Uyq tM farlsyscn wh:3<: wasc:d" òjqyYf,d ujefyqrhf :soqJq ri w:m j.3,d" T½,m,d:m tM welernd u yqrh l<e' ýÒfhä ,e:so] ce `f,m gcjh,sf, ldql" `.e`rem aq amfrHcnjmd yqrh l<e' ri uhòrlriahc w:r `je fqJ:m tM lEAsìu :3<byån - uyjmasn yôjj" l3 a.sjmj -`øbjef yôjj" webrn -bnef f`.m uwe`ø.n:m" gfas,m,:m yôjj ahoH rìlm ìys`fýjm :soqJe'

a:r w.:s njm `:erf]oho`<j Îönlm

cqbm.,ne`.m cssÒyYu wh:s lrfjmj `ym:3 fj w.:s.eù ñâ y:rlm .hj Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am wcd `cjmfe `bjfe' tMfe :uns [jmb`njm w.:snd neu" bm`øA`njm w.:snd neu" ùemy`njm w.:snd neu" tM f`.m u O`njm w.:snd neu'

`â w.:s.eù amfOefnjm y:r nâ`l`jlm :3< :s njfe jâ" tne`.m Õö:n

csÒyYud ,lm `fjfe' `â welernd a:rw.:snd fhí, nùlm ldnq:3 lrjfejâ tne csÒa w:`¿ wc% aebnd c:m fj`l`jlm `fjfe' csÒàm :s nj c%aebnl%u`njm jh:s `f,e njfe' :ujm auØtld fean lrj csÒa" :ujm `l`rys wluh:m:lm wh:s lr .jmjfe jâ tnedtMl òlm Tcbfjmj ym:3 fjfe' Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am `cjmfe `bjf, a:r w.:s njm nq:3 f ldnq:3 l`<e:m" tne yÒnd wfclmA`nm a| csÒ`yjmje f`.ns lsn,'tne`.m oho<Y Yu wvq fjmj cdjm .jmjfe'csÒa w:r :s`nj c% aebn wvq`fjmj cdjm .jmjfe' csÒàm :s nj lhuh:m: l%u`njm wvq`fjmj cdjm .jmjfe' wjmj tM amfOefn`l`jl3d ahc Tcbf, `bjmj TcleÃ`fjm j jH'

tM js ae jsfàm `øfe" reileÒ am6ej`nm `yem `øfe" `fj:m auei lJm venulm w:r

`øfe `le`ymÎ `yem `øfe" nùlm :uedwbe< nâ ldnq:m:lm lrj led [jmb`njm w.:snd `je `.eam ldnq:3 lrjmj cqrhò`fjmj µj' bm`øA`njm w.:snd `je `.eam ldnq:3 lrjmj cqrhò `fjmj µj' tM f`.m u ùemy`njm w.:snd `je `.eam ldnq:3 lrjmj cqrhò `fjmj µj' tM f`.m u O`njm w.:snd `je `.eam ldnq:3 lrjmj cqrhò`fjmj µj'

nâ `l`jlm [jmb`njm" bm øA`njm"ùemy`njm" O`njm w.:snd njm jjh:mjâ tned tM csÒàm c % aebn TcÎjfe'Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am `cjmfe `bjf" ―cqrclmA`nm a|" bfasjm bfa oho`<jm`jm nâ àm b bfasjm bfa we`,emlu:m fjm`jm nâ àm b wjmj tM f`.m a:r w.:s njm ohyhr f] `lje we`,emlf:m Õö:nlm wh:s lr .jmj `l`jlm ofd c:m `fjfe'

csÒàm c%aebn Tcbfe .jmj `l`jlm ofdc:m fjf˜ lsn,e'a:r w.:s`njm ohyhr f] `lje`.m

Õö:n bfasjm bfa ýjs aqjm w:rijc%aebn wh:s lr.:m: Õö:nlm ofd c:m `fjfe' ijne lhu:s `l`jlm ofd c:m `fjfe' jsfàm `øfe" cfq`,m aeueûlnjm w:r `øfe" t`yu jh:mjâreileÒ lrj am6ej`nm `yem `øfe" `fj:m auei lJm venulm w:r `yem `øfe tM csÒatM cqbm.,ne `l`rys lhuh:m:lm TcÎjfejâ" c% aebnlm TcÎjfe jâ" tM a|yeòe`yem TcleÃ fjm`j a:r w.:s`njm `:erf ldnq:3 lrjmj cqrhòñuns' wcs asn¨ `bjed u à:m c:jmj lhu:sns a:rw.:s njm `:er f] oho`<j Õö:nlm wh:s lr .jmj feajef Tbe `øfeà lsn,e'

`:rhfjm arJnsà

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


ahcm' 74 asl3rebe - wf wdfl

Ulm' ;5 asl3rebe - wuefl

a:r `cemnd as,m auebjm `fuqzaY,x nef ire aeB]Vfnad nj :3rh as,m /lYu u ns `yekb

-`.!:u oqòrieJjm fyjm am -

Ulm' == asl3rebe - cqr wdfl

Ulm' => asl3rebe - cqr ca`<eamflìjr ce`ye`nm fhb.:mlu( `.!:u aâoqbm B Qeaj`nm Oslm Aqŗ ax?ne ìys lrýjm uye c%iec:Y .em:ù bmön wh:3² cjmasnnlm l3, l:3jm d Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm chøbm b wjqblm je ,bm bm ìjr cqjm ce`yemÎjnlns ' B]:ex. auebejn ñu as ò `l`rj ùu `ce`yem Îj`nm ,,ed Be:+jm fyjmàm fhvyskbs je àmrhö, ux., uye aH ròjm T`bae ö`Qm A csjm lâ chfh:m fjq ,h`ã'

<oh¢ ý:3r Bjxin" wc%ueJ csjm à wfqrhò .eJlm weQ%n l<:m `â ne²fe ud `leÁprweb`rns bK lsn, ½jq`J tøf ,snqu oh¨fu''' ud aue`fnjm ne²fe' `bemujama ay.: waxleÒl as :m .hj" àemujama ay.:

aaxleÒl as:m .hj" TbmBâOe.s n - µrâOe.sn ax`nemij .hj yhùem ugam ary uy `,el3fd ls`nøfd a:m: u ns ux uy `,el3 `bnlm ½hjjm

g|,e jhyh' lfßf:m ux bjm`jmm jH ls n,e cs <s.:m ::m jH' uef tM ae`cjm uqbfcq l,NeJ ý:% am feùjm fyjmàm,ed juam ler `øfeà wh:m: u ns Bjxin" zwryx oqò .3 Jjm u`.m ys rh`. wc, òrh `øfeàVlsøfd wryx oq ò .3Jn .hj uu yÒnld bhjjm ysí`n jhyh' tM oq ò .3Jch:m:l :sn,e `fj l3Jq ljmb,m `.evlm U²f Tv :s njm òfcq Îö,m,.hj ½jm u:lm `fbm Î ud ,hÆins ''' ne²`ø" cs j :s oqJd uÎ" cJ:m :s njmj µj lsn,e ud ls n, òjm j' wh:m: u ns l,NeJ ý:%ne yôj.jmj" cec ý:%nef ohyhr lrjm j w`cm ys :d uy ynsnlm :s`njmj µj'ùÁpr l,m a:mcqrhAnjm lsn,e weQ%n lr,e :soq`J wa:mcqrhAnjm u`jm ' `â :râ T:3â B¿unlm" `â :râ chyhÎ,s f :s nbmÎ:m `fj `fjöler B¿u`nm jeu`njm ls ø`ø wa:mcqrhA`nem `jm' a:mcqrhAnjm fyôjmf,e òjm jq ne²`ø Uod:m wjjm: csjm à `â <ØÎ uu cqòu `bmQjeflm whyqfe' wx.3:m:r js len 5 `ce:mfyjmàm`.m zwrl a]:%nV lsnj `bmQjef' tM`lÎ Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm`bmQje lrjfe ùd l,sjm g|cq Qeam :Ejm fyjm am julm .hj'Tjm fyjmàm`. ju :uns zwrlV' Tjm fyjm am . nd`:m Q%efl`ne:m`.evlm g|,e :s`njfe' tM le`, wenqA wfqrhò 0;;;;lm''' öfey `fjm`jm

wfqrhò 8;;jm ' `,v `rem .f,d :s ì,e :s`njm`jm ov.sjmjns" csceanns"uq:%e lsÃuns" u< cy ls Ãuns " aY :,ns " ram jns ö:r¨''' `âfe w`cm `fj ne²`fem öQmfea lrjm`j jH' tM `.e,m`,em whasjm

òdq aelmAs g,m ,jfe' tM :m `âfe `â öÎnd u as bmB fqJe' t`yu asbm B fq`Jmjh:mjâ Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm z`âl ù`yu fqJeV lsn,e lsnjm`j jH`jm ''''

tM Qeam:Ejm fyjmàm ls njfe"―o%eym uJfrhjs" `â Õö:n w,m cns 'òe`yem u ílns ' òe`yem u:m u ílns ' `â Õö:n `.evlm òlm ays:ns'òe`yem cY ve ays :ns' c%Ô`fjm u ns `:mrhâ .jm j :s`njm jm ' tM jsael3 a,m l< nq:3 ns' Taam Õö:nlm `.ön nq:3 ns' Tcjm `ljed `je uhÃ

as ëulm jH' Tcjm j `ljed wjsfe¿n`njm u uh`rjm j as bmB `fjfe' tM js ae l3a,m fvjmj'˜

z`â ujqAN Õö:n :s`njm`j íl le,nnsV ls nj tl chyhÎ,s lrjmjTjm fyjmàm cqòueler TbeyrJ íllm .jm jm ' Tjm fyjmàm `bm Qjelrjfe zÕö`:m :J w. :s`nj csjs ì|lm f`.m nV lsn,e''' ys rh Tbe`fbm Îjh:s `f,e nj cs js ìxò wcs µj :râ ½l,e :s`njfe' :J w.l csjsìôf :s njm`jm amÙr f bK jH`jm''' ùej `f`,m fh`dns bK bjm`j jH'

tM f`.m u :uns ysrh TbefqJq ah`Jjm u tMl jh:s `f,e njfe' tMöÎyd u ujq am ane`.m Õö`::m ùej `f`,m jh:s `fns b bjm`j

jH' Õö`:m w,mcns ls njfe" amf,mc le,nns ls njfe" :J w./ôJq csjs ìxòf f`.m n lsnjfe''' cq òuns `jm bK

j § l ` . j

m , s n q u l m ' ' ' we`n lsnjfe zÕö`:m fham a

`f,efd fhys f:3r fh`dbm Î yh`bjÎn oqoq< f`.m nV ls n,e' am Ùr jhyhlsnjfe' `leÁpr wh:m : bK

uu tM `bmQjef whyqfdcam am fham a `f,e`f fh`dj

fhys `ceb Îye o,jm ysíne' `ø`.jm fh`dj fhys f:3rdoqoq<lm yh`bjfe' tM:m tM l uye `f,eflm :s njm`j jH' we`n fh`djfhys ìxòfld wyq`f,e glm ujd u ì¢,e njfe' jh:s jâ js lâ u ì¢,njfe' ½l,e :s njfe `jm bK yÒ cq òuns tM wfòemBn' Õö`::m t`yunlsnjfe' am Ùr jH lsnjfe' òe`yem òlm ays :ns lsnjfe' w,mcenqAnslsnjfe''' we`n lsnjfe zÎ`nm wh|cq grlm f`.ns V lsn,e' `â Õö:n `:mrhulm jH ls njfe' w,mc wenqAns lsnjfe' am Ùr jhyh lsnjfe' tM l `:m rhâ .jmjcq²fjm fq`Je:m `leÁpr `bnlm b ne²feK Î`nm grlm wh|,e o,jm j'grlm whjm be ls n,e ys :jfe ö:rns" grlm wh`|jm`j:m jH''' IAJnns' yÒu glm ujd gr uhls ,e njfe' w`cm Õö::m t`yun lsnjfe' Î`nm whjmbgrlm f`.ns" am Ùr jhyh" wenqA w,m cns ls njfe' we`n lsnjfe zurjm j js nu `fÁp yr`llm f`.nsV ls n,e:m' wcs:muh`rj of ½j ½ju gjm jfe' urjm j js nu fqJq yrle lfqrh yÒ `ãr.:m`:m jh:s fq`Je:m tM lejm:`njm u urjf`jm ' yrle urjm j u o,jmgjmj fBlne zw`jm u]f cøV ls n,e yrlf w: wÒjm j jH `jm ' tM yrlef`.m u `jm wcs :m ''' gcòJq bfàm g|jm u bfas jm bfa uh`rjmj`jm njm`jm ' ùejm íàemÒnbmÎ w`cm wâue lsø`f jH `jm ud" ―cq`:m Une wb ùejmíàem Ò .s nedlfbe yÒ uh`rj `l`jlm˜ ls n,e' w`cm wâue ud lsø`f jH t`yu'''yÎas nm yÒ urJn .hj u:lm l`<e:m" ―ye" ye''' u] a, l:e ls njmj tceVlsøfe' whns tM K wcs `je uh`rj ýjsamaq f`.m ys í`n whns K `â wcs í`ljmíl" bfasjm bfa uh`rjm j `jm njm jm''':rhJ fnà öàmlerlâ cqrf `.j bØ,bmÎ wcs d lfqrhf:m lsn,e

òjm j jhyh `jm ―½jm U`yeu ys índ TX,`.:m `lam ch`yj bfalm tjfe" b:m yh`,j bfalm tjfe" `,eâ yh`,j bfalm tjfe" csjm lrc,m ,e''' l3 a,m fvc,m,e'''˜ ls n,e' whns tMK gcòJq ujqam aned `jeuhÃ asëulm jH ls n,e ùÁpr ,am ajd TbeyrJ tlm l u lsn,e :s nbmÎwcs d tM l lsn,e òjm jm jH`j''' wh:m:d u whns tM K zÕö`:m am Ùr jH' wenqA §¿? jH' gcòJq `ljed `je uhÃ g£ulmjH'V lsnj tM B¿un `lens :râ a:Nnlm bK wu:l `f,e :soqJq `bnlmu:lm lr,e òjm je f`.ns ' u`.m ¥ö,s ohôJq lJmjeå `bl cs yb,e òjmjef`.ns ' cqòu yhØY ulm tM `bmQjef whyqfu ud ½jq Jm ' wfqrhò 0;";;;lm

wenqA :soqJ le`,Î:m ls njmj :s oq`Jm zwenqA w,mcns V lsn, jâ''''' `â yhdyh:m:Hfl wenq le`, .hj lfr l6e b ne²fe'''' ys je`fñ ysín:m uu uh`rjm j `jm gjm`jm' w~ w~e ysín:m uuuh`rjm j `jm gjm`jm' wb fqJ:m" `yd fqJ:m uu uh`rjm j `jm gjm`jm''' wjqjm .hj `yen `yen" wjqjm .hj lsn ls n" wjqjmd ohJ ohJ ysín:muu `â uh`rjmj `jm gjm`jm' `,v `f,e yÒ" `,v `je ñ yÒ" fnad.s ysjm yÒ" :rhJ fnà yÒ" `.brÎ yÒ" ce`rÎ yÒ" `le`ymÎ yÒ uu `âuh`rjm j`jm gjm`jm''' `.f,m yb ybe" ovq OeJm v tlm /am lr lr `âuh`rjm j `jm njm jm' aqò`fj `lam íl l² lr lr" `je uh`rj ýjs amaqf`.m ysínd bfa bfa" ùe`ye: ùe`ye: wcs `â urJnd `jm <x`fjm`jm' wh:m:d u wcs `â ur`Jjm jsbyam `f,e `j`fns `jm gjm jm'''

axae`¿ cqreu f`.m gcòJe' we`n cerlm `â uh`rjm j `jm gjm`jm'uhÒ,e we`n gc`bns ' tM Õö`:mÎ:m `âl u as bmB fq Je:m KK ½jm `fjm`jm`âlns' uh`rjfe lsn,e bjm jfe" tM:m tM l cs<s.jm j jH''' we`nm uh`rj`l`jlm `fjmj u o,jm gjmjfe'''' t`yu `je fqJe jâ" `je uh`rj `l`jlm `fjm j ls n,e §cq `â

B¿un `:mrhâ .jmj ùd fve ñÒnlm lrjm j wcd cq²fjm `fjm j µj `jm b ne²feK

w`jmà wcs lfb b tM B¿un `:mrhâ .jm jm ''''K B¿un `:m rhâ .hjY u cs‖a Tcler lrj l,J ý:3rh whaqr jso|

f u ah,àmfeà

ù:m as :s jm"j§l


7;=9 - ;1 - =1js ,m f,e jbs n waov bY '''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


c`.m amfeù f] Oe.Nf:m oqòrieJjm fyjm am `bmQje l<"w:Y:`nm cy< f] oqòrieJjmfyjm am,e b `bmQje `led fbe<wOsB¿un jâ f] .hXqrh byuoqbmB {ej`njm u wfòemB l<eýa `fj:m ls as u a:mf`nl3d½j.: `je yhlm`lm n' tu

js ae ùn `bönjm .m ÎfN {ejnd bo%ymunjm .m {ejnd b w:s .âOYr u n'tu js ae Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am z`bönjm`.m{ejnd `.em pr fj cÒÎ cuJlm`bajm`jýV ns ùe`ye:lm l,m as:e nâ

:srnlm öbye `cjmjjmje àm asn¨ `bjedfhd`yj wnqÒjm T:m:ej `bmQjeflm lrje àml'

töd `bö`nem ö`QmA`njm u `:mrhâ`.j oqòrieJjm fyjm amd aeòler`býjm z`cr `â wOsB¿un .hXqrh `bnlm nhns Q%h: crâcre`fjm whaq fuq' juq:m tn tàm `je `fns' g:e T:m:ej n' g:eýysÒ n' g:e ùe`<elm nV ns as: as:eoJ wa:s' töd Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am `bönjm .m as:m o,ýjm wOsB¿u`nys .hXqrh of `bönjmd wfòemB lrfjq cs‖a `bmQje ,Y,ef l%u l%u`njm .hXqrhlrjmjd cdjm .:m àml' töd `bönjmdB¿un [ene ue:%`njm `c`jj rHcnlm ùjm fhd`yjmjd cdjm .:s' fve `ye¢jm `je fhdysJ' tm fqJ:m u¢jm u| aeBqler`býjm wa:s'

jhf: Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am :f:m.hXqrh `,a fberjmjd cdjm .:m àml'tfr `bönjmd asys jjm òdq rHcnlm ùjm amf,mc fQ`njm fhd`yjmjd ön'jhf: wOsB¿u ae.rn `cjmf `cjmfeoqò jqfJd u öAn f] oqbmB {ejnduýa `fj:m lsasfl3d:m `je fhd`yj `,awOsB¿u `bmQjef fberJ àml' tödasn¨ ÎfN o%ymu reinjmd wôrh `.nldchý‖nelm ùjm lsas u B¿u lrhJlm `je fhd`yjmjd ön'

`â js ae `bö`nem zoqòrieJjm fyjm am `â fberjm jm l3ulm ½Vns as: as:e .,lgjmjlm whjmjelm ùjm ls as u `bnlm `je `:m`rj js ae :3Am‖âO+:f as:snulwhjmbef] rHcnjm àm asíneyq n' jhf:wc oqòcsneJjm fyjm am `böfrhjmdn<s:m B¿un fhd`yj wnqÒjm fbe< àml'`böfrh b jhf: aeBqler `býjm wa:s'`cr àm u fve:m fhd`yj wnqÒjm `bmQjelrj àmlm jhf: jhf: aeBqler `býjm ―wOsB¿un g:e ùe`<elm byulhñs lsnýjm wa:s' ùàm fÒjm fr ½å lrýjm b jhf: uEò wnqÒjm b wOsB¿u `bmQjeffberJ oqòrie`Jem Îfe le,`nys b re:% Yle,`nys b QY ?% wnqÒjm fbe< àml'

:f:m oqò`l`jl3jm ufe Îfe öyrJnl< àml'

`.!:u oqbmB Qeaj`nys Q% eflnjm w:Òjm wjsl3:m Q% eflnjm tl wl3rlmlsnj öd wejjmb `:rhjm fyjmàmwl3rh wdlm lsne jsufj àml' tàm uwj| ysý`nem tl wl3rlm c%leQ lrjöd ahÒnq:m uy `:rhjm fyjm am wl3rhwdlm c%leQ lr jsufj àml' ahÒnq:m ysý`nem tl wl3rlm lsnfj öd oqòrieJjm

fyjm am wl3rh wdlm fberJ àml' ùàmwjslm aeuejN ujqANnjm tl fpjnlm lsnj whas,m ,ys oqòrieJjm fyjm am cjm asn `be<ylm fpj fberJ :râfe.m ö,eanlm wh:s àml' `â wnqÒjm QY ?%

c]ief,sn whaq rjm ahlaq`ø

`Æ' tâ' ue`j,m `ceåuh‖`lm

`bmQje ö,eanlmwh:s oqòrieJjm fyjmàm ÎfN{ejnd fhd`yj`,a wOsB¿u`bmQjef QY ?%ffberJ àml' Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm`crfrh le,`nys l< nq:3 oqbmBlE:Nnjm jsue`ledcamfrh`fysw¿BpjmþlceAeJ`nys fhdys| Q% Y cebnàembe c`nys În`ø`,j :3rh tm am6ejnd /amf]

OsIAqjm fyjm am,ed―uy`Jjs"oqbm Be:mcebnò¿,On''' B¿uQ%fJn ò¿,On'''chöÎ ofò¿,O n''' oqbmBb¿Qjn ò¿,On'''' wc%uebf:% söB QsIAefjm aâcebjnlr.jmj˜ nhnsoqbmB wffebnlm Îjc:e `bmQje lrjàml' tu :3jmuean uq²,m ,m Oe.Nf:3jmfyjmàm `bmQje lrj ,b wOsB¿u`bmQjef öam:r fQ`njm `ce:mc:mf, adyjm l<e jâ tu `ce:m ýjsam `,eml`nm

blmfe `.ev .ha]f b :f:m gv uÎfj:râ n' `â wnqÒjm ýjsam `,eml`nm wfqrhò asnnlm :ø:s ae`ø tl bfals' tujs aewc`.m wfqrhò asnnd tu `böfrh `basn`be`<eam fernlm aq aqâ `y<:s' wc`.mueanlm jâ Ufqjmd aq aqâ by wdls'wc`.m bfam bynld Ufqjm ynfernlm aq aqâ `y<:s' wc`.m Îj cylm jâ Ufqjm:3jm fernl aq aqâ `y<:s' wc`.m chn asnnd Ufqjm tl yq amulm `y<:s' tu js ae tu `böfrh wfqrhò asnnld bfernlmwjq Of lrjmjey' tl,myY wc oqòrieJjm fyjmàm ýjs am `,ef § f<|jmjd fqfujef] ùe`ye`:m `bø`,ef§:m fh<ôf àmlm ñ jâ `böfrh zoqòrieJjm fyjm am luld jh:s wnqÒjm weyer f<|jmjeyVns as:sö,s wh:s lr .js:s' tu js ae Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm zÎfN àmjefd `je

yh`k.j cÒÎ weyer lE:N aâcebjnlr.jsýVns as:e ýjs am `,efd ysrh Tbefj`ø,e`fys :ujm fyjm am fhjs u f]js ¿ý: oqò `l`jl3jm ufe tu weaj`nys u ysôfe zue`.m `bmQje ö,ea`njm u

`â oqòrie`Jem böiâ oJ `bmQjelr:mfe' babyalm almf<ÎfN o%ymu àmjefw:Òjm ls as u `bøoX `l`jlm ueù:jsjm ohyhrd.sn of `jebjsYfeàVns wæAmDejlrýjm `bø`,eöjm w:3rhbjm f] àml' tàm w:3rhbjm ñ `.eam `neòjm cjm asnnlm òrysue, c¿f:ndoha tys `neòjm cjylm cuJ fq

zwjf:cm:V jâf] uye ö`,ys Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm amd jsnuf:s oj zaq.:mVjuh:s uye`:edqc<d oha amjejn `ledje,sn ½yhíf<|e uqf `bemfjn`led fbe< àml'wj:3rhf neòjm

yhdlm öQe, rjm .,m :,ef uqò`jys`l<fr :sòj `neòjm a:lm öQe, uye a,m rhl uq, fhvys¢ýjm r:3ced f<eflsjm a|u~, fhaqfelm ùjm aq.:m Q% Y QÃrn asfqrh ak.,sjm `cerfe fhv así àml' tl`Jys u Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am .m as: ye

auØ u ce:% e Be:+jm fyjm am weleandchj jh.Y chýJ Q%Y yam:nd oasje aml'jhf: ce:% e Be:3f au. oqòrieJjm fyjm am waqrh ahJlm .aj whas,m ,jm T:3rh l3rh Îfnsjd fhv ÎfN Òemijncs<s .j" jhf: tu a,m .a uq, fhv ys|f<|e fberj àml'

jhf: aeÒcq:m: ysýnjmd `bmQje l<àml'

`â fj öd bâàjö ahÒnq:m uy ry:jm fyjmàm ahfh:m jqfr §oqòrieJjm fyjmàm nue uy `c<yr½lmf] Îj`nys u oqò aaq jm chyh§ :ujmfyjm am .m àf`Jys uyJ f] cjm asnnlm cuJ OsIAqjm fyjm am,e b lh|fe`.j axlam acqr `berdqf `f: `.eam tys fam öa] àml' `â w:r wc Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am bejn f<|e w:rfer`nys aeÒcq:m: uyry:jm fyjmàm axlam acqr`berdq fjm fhvufe oqòrieJjm fyjmàmd`cjY asd oqòriqjm fh<ª ce:%n aembel< nq:3 f:efjm `ledfh| tl:mcamf

fhv ys| ―amfeùjY''' G`nm camfrh`ø asd wb wrhJ jh`.j `â y:,s am chnuq²,m ,m § Uo fyjmàm `bmQje l<`bmQje b js ¿ý: oqò rhf l< `bmQje bud fbe< uhjöñs wereBje l< àml' Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm ―aeÒcq:%n" bönjmdlsn] ,Y,e`fjm ½jq:m l`<m jâ tm :râ ule,nlm fqfuje n' töd `bönjmd `bmQjelsÃud le,n uÎ `fns' `lí`njm lsný' tn öam:r fQ`njm BerJn lr.jmj'ñns fbere ―G`nm ù`:lm `bmQje l`<ý'wb ù`:lm `bmQje l`<ý' js ¿ý: oqòrhfù`:lm `ba]y'˜ ns `lí`njm fbere

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ue:E ÎfN reine àemfejm C,ndc:mf] f.ns'

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uH‖njm fyjm am ba byalm `l`,aqjm jae byalm jnsjm nq:3 àemfejm C,`nys csysde" asn¨ ÎfN àmjefd c<uqf yqjmwaq jjm chj jh.Y `be`ye:m uqòjm§ ―amfeùjY''''wjjm: wc%ueJ aa`rys wc%ueJ Ofnjmys ud u webr`njm uel3 a gcsb" ud òe`yem aâc:m òjm Uofyjm am wb jsfjm aâc:m § `l`<ys .3J½lmñu aâc]¿J l< àml'˜ cfaýjm c]iefjmbje l<y' tcuJlm `je f tm wOsB¿u`bmQjef wfaej`nm wa] `l<lm `bö`nem wue uy jsfjm òdq fem n' ùàm `bøfrhjm .m ceJm vqlâo,c]ief weÎ ÎfN" o%ymu we§jm .m c]iefd aqòaq fj ue`.m amfeù f] `bmfe:s `bmff]" o%ymue:s o%ymu f] `.!:u aâue aâoqòrieJjm fyjm am zwryxV jâ fjàml'

ceJmvqlâo, `Q,eaj c]ief js ue ön'

`bø öujm asaerebâ asyjb ch:s ¿

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ceJm vqlâo,eaj c]ie - wfaej `leda

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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jùem oqbmBenà

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bmfn:ejqcamaje 1`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j'''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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aHu ufl 3" csnl 3" brhfl 3 lsnön nq: 3 u n'

== `fjs csdqfd'''

ìjm:hjmj" `f,m,ama njq jsfy,m w§jÝjm:j`njm csìÎne f]" `bmQ`nm amfeêj:mfnT`bae ½n wfæ l< wOY: ýjs aqjm ìys l<`Q% mAmD O+ýOe.nls' o,`,emOY nd:möû:fe§lEEr gx.% Y aY ce,j`njm rd uqbfe .hjY âc<uq yYn òjm`jjm uqbfj ,bm bm `f,m,amàjs'`bmQYn:mfn öjeQ `l`rje ì%:ejNwæreiNfebnd t`rysf f¿A =>=> § jsbyam öcm,fnld uq, csrh`fem tys fhasnjm n' tl,amfeêj:mf`nm w`cmlmAe`fjm jh.Y así tlY O+ýOe.n wb ohdljm`jm Ufqjm tß t`rys f] wæreiNfebn yrye wcd lhf] faöaf,sjm uñu lfr jâ arbulm bK

caq.sn ß T!f c<e:m à!LN o,BeÃjm c%leQ l`<m uysnx.Jn" .sreôrh`lemÜ`Ü yeÒ§ue,snbmb c% e`bmQYn `,mlâ `leÜDeanjmys yôje.:m fl3.vq `rem.Yjm 9;;;lm cuJ gÎÒuea 0 - =; wh:3<: ýn ne`â wfBejulm wh:s ofns' ùu axLNef liq whd `yem `leam whd`je`ø' o,m,jm" o<¨jm" cÊYjm `yem u:maNnsjm b je ø' w:sQn ò,o f] ýjs am Tc:lm ,bm bem n' weajslm" O+.: i, aejmþJn" c<s oemBjeQlay `ce`yer Oeö:n ulY ÅbjYn ::m:mfnd`ym:3 aeBlnjm n' tM `ym:3 aeBl alam fq Jm csd/ínjm c,fe yhÒn b Ufqjm`.m fe‖iTcenjm c,fe yÒjmjd :râ csd`lekò ìkb.:m w`cm w¥rb¿QY ce,lnjm wau:m f] js ae `je`ø bK t`yjm rird jh`.j aem aqaqâ n' u`yjm T!f `f,m,am a bfj òlm :hfq,m n' fnX`basjm l3rhJH., b bl3‖jm yâojm :ed b tM wj:3 ¿ u n' t`y:m wbd:m rd :3<d `:e.csíjm .`jj lEAs raenj ye ce`yer jsulm jh:' c%Qmjn:m" c%Qmjnd `ym:3f:m yôje.:m cu‖jm `yem yq`blm jeýl `ldqâc:m gÎÒc:m lsÃùjm c%Qmjn öa`|jm`jm jh:' tn öa|jchyhÎ,s ùjm u c%e`nem.sl fhvcs<s`f<lm w:NfQN n' tM `fjq`fjm .jmje l%sneue¿.nlm :sìn nq:3 n' ½yhý `.eö:hj o,e:mullsÃu yhr `â `rem ìnd t`rys f :hìn yhls c%o, wönlm wcd jh:' rdd o: acnj tM `.eö crâcrefjmdöj líjm jm wc `je ríjm g,m,e .:m w½yhýÎö`cf: n' fa öa `f<\u `je l< nq:3 l¿uejm:nlm `,a cjfe fß< :6e.:njm fyjm am .m byu wjqb:m ie:snlm f] wcs wbfa öa js ae`fjm u wl,m urJnjmd `.eòrhfjm`juq' csd/ínjd auam:nlm `,a wc`bmQn u ý6Ne bEAmín `f: `.eòrh lr.jmjd `je yhlsf] of ahoH n' t`y:m Ufqjm wc B¿u`njm ohyhrd `.j wh:s of `:mrhânj öd wc c%ueb fhå n' tM c%ueb`nm Onxlrc%:sC,n ñ wh:m`:m w½yhý Õfj fE:m:snlarh wamfhjmjlm àene .sn `.eöìâ as aerechý‖ fNeæ" urJ ìn ns'

ls asò raenjslnlm `je `neß ffj l3ryjm"uZm Þlmle" gÒØ3" :, weÎ`njm weyeralae .jmje ìjm:hjm`jm `fàje weÎfeaY ijne ùlY grJud `.eòrh ñ jh:' ùnsjm .uN fjm jm ÎnqJq nhns lsne .jmje aueina,m,s § `,v `rem.:m" urJn:m ý,d .jmjeof `je `ø bK cerâcÒl ñ f.ef `yem fa öa jh:s l3Xqrh wlmlr ,lmAn cuJlm ùnd öaôulm `je `ø' reiNn wxQ`nm Wiq uhÎy:mulm au. uyij:ef cq²,m `,a ½jqf:m `l`rje§cfNecm: fhvcs<s f<lm `,a ½yhý`.eö:hjd cJ În nq:3 f :s ã' tß riríjm ay ùß ìjm:hjmj -`f,m,am ajm wajmjd ,hòj fa le jasjie:s nm `Åbfepln asÒ,l as aere asø Î.sjm ch:sr gjmÎnjm ae.rn :rJn led oyqie:slaue.âf, wns:slrhfjm`.m lJd Òx.j :3rhu wc jsy~ f asín nq:3 bK tM csd/ínjm nd:m öû:nlm l,mys jhasn `je yhls f] rd amfeêjf] l,mys jha] of g:syea.: fj :3rh u wc

jsy~f asín nq:3 bK wcd Trhu f] ½yhý .eö:hj n<s whrõnnq:m :m `yd `je `ø" wb n¦ wb u n'''' `ât<X wh:m :m ½yhý f.e ax.% eunlm T`bae f] aq O uqyq ¿:n ns'

öa f] weajslm - l3Jq f] fl3.vq ayoqò fbjd csdqcH`â `Åbfepln

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


f.lYu Ufqjm w:d c:m lrjmj' bH:m`bce uqyqJ `ßfe csÒasò ñ" aqf| u,m `j<e`.j" csÒasò as as,m chjm alae `.jOe.Nf:3jm fyjmàmd cqb §u Ufqjm guy:m a:3íjm asò lrj w:`¿ wc t`,asjm:6e.:njm fyjmàm f cqb `bjm jmwhns lsnj tl:m Ufqjmd cyß `bjmj'wcuJ oqò .3J .hj tM <ue <cí as:m a:jm cyß,jmj' Õö: le,n cqrefd

u :6e.:njm fyjmàm f Qeam:E:mf`nm :oe`.j ldnq:3 lsÃ`â w:s ò¿,O"uyejYn feajef Ufqjmd ah,àjmj u],slcbju tM :3<sjm alam `fjfe' U`ã brhfew:sie: brh`fl3 lrjmjd Gd:m fve uØ`cjmñulm :3jm ,e`ø le:hjsjmf:m àene.jmjd jhyh' oqbmB fjmbjef wfajUfqjm .m <ue ujad `.empr fj aqjmbrB¿u wffebnlm ,oe `bjmj' tn u:l:oe .jmjd Ufqjm f ÎÒ .jmfjmj' tM wjqfldnq:3 lsÃu aHu ùe`ye:l u w.nlrjmj'

.am fh,m fhñ`â" csÒasòf asë`âw.n Ufqjmd cyß `bjmj' ―ù`yulrjmj''' w`r`yu lrjmj'''˜ lsnjfedfve ―ù`yu l`<e:m `â `ye| `bnasòfjfe'''˜ lsne cyß §u" l% sne`fjm Ucmcq`led `cjmñu Ufqjm .m as:mweujm:%Jn lrjmjd aqòaq u l% sne ue¿.n

ofd c:mfjq wh:s' :ujm`.m w:sjm u,m ch<nlm ffe" ae:m:3 lr tys csì`bju,mf,sjm :6e.:njm fyjmàmd c]iecf:mfe w.% `,a a:3dqñ`â wfam6efbrhfjmd ,oe §ud Uo uq,m `fjmj'

tm f`.m u U`ã brhfe`.m Õö:`nm aùc:une ofd Uo jsrjm:r`njm c:mönnq:3 `fjfe' Uod:m fve aùc ý:3rjmbrhfed `je asín nq:3 ns' wc tàm lsnjm jm `â auein `l`,am u,f,sjm ls,sí f wh:s :hjlm js ae`fjm ay cecY`bmf,mf,d U`ã brhfe whb fhÜdñ`âTcl%u aHu :hjmys u l% sne:mul fjjsae`fjm' lfr `bnlm fqJ:m Uo yryebrhfed aâ`c% mAJn lrñu g:e fhb.:m'tM tM `bmf,mf, gf:m l< nq:3 bH ay tM fedtlm l< nq:3 bH :YrJn lsÃu B¿u`nmyhas rj" B¿u wfòemBnlsjm nq:3 `buøcsnjmd asò l< yhls ns' tn Uod

.hd¨flm fj wfam6efl l,J ý:3rjm`.m we¿n wffebnjm ,oe .hjYud cq²fjm'

T`bm afa U`ã ce juhb weQY¿feba,ae .jmjd cqrhbmblm brhfjm :3< wh:s lrjmj' Uo:m jsrjm:r`njm c]il yefhåysí T:3ujm cqb §ùjm uje web¿QnjmahcnYu asòön nq:3 u ns'

:f:m ö`QmAs: u `bnlm :uns U`ãbrhfe`.m jscqJ:e f¿Bjn' j]:j`nm cq:e,d lh:m:" T½,m," `ce`refw:sQnsjm we.jm:3l fj welernd uÎn‖frhjmd:m uq²:hjm .n" uyj uhAsujqyqrh jqcqrhòns' yÎas nm öò,s oqoq,lm uerh lrjmjd fqJ:m `je yhls :rudUfqjm l3a,:efnjm .jm ò¿f,ns' `ce`:m c`:m fhv f`.m u `.br `ß`¿ tÎ`jßldnq:3:m c% øQujm ay jsas weler`njm asò lsÃ`â w:sQn fíje c% e`nem.sl ½jYuay Oeö:n l3 ve fnàm § u brhfed ,oe

În nq:3 ns' csÒý brh`flm jâ :e:m:easò lrj ``bjsl l% snelerlâ .hj UyqdT.jmfjmj :e:m:e uq,m ön nq:3 `fjfe'f:m : csí`n fhvf,Î U`ã `ye| u w:m Tbølerne ön nq:m`:m U`ã brhfe' tMf`.m u Tnj csyj ldnq:3f,Î Ufqjm .m ay`nem.n ,oe .jmj' Àjq `.ån aqbmb

lsÃu Ufqjmd Oer `bjmj' `.br lHu `ø, alam lsÃu :3< Ufqjq:m nâ le¿nOernlm gdq lrj of:m" tn `buøcsnjmd guy:m Tclernlm of:m Ufqjmd tM :m:3 .jmfjmj' yhls aHu ùe`ye:l u Ufqjm .m ßnl:mfn js as `,a w.n lrjmj' aq²`yem fh/bmb c%:slmÀmc lrjmj' b~qfâ,oe §u `je l< nq:3 of ½jm ½jm lsnfqJ:m asjy uqflsjm fqJ:m asysc:m l<nq:3 `bn :uns b~qfâ `je ,hòjmjd wbfj öd ue jâ ùd fve w:sQnsjm cy:m :hjl asín nq:3 of' bm`øAn js ae `je

`fns" brhfjm .hj wh:slrhJef js ae fqfuje:hjmf,Î Ufqjmd b~qfâlsÃud asò `øö' b~qfulm òjm ùe`ye`:m § u brhfe ajafjmj jâ tce' caqfbrhfe`.m `je Òamaqu gf:m f] öd b~qfâ ,oe òjm jm frb jsfhrÎ lrjmjdof:m" :rylm js ae `jefj of:m à`jyasjm lsne`bjmj' tfhjs fhrÎf,sjm :ued:m" aueind:m asòfjyejsn `cjmfe `bjmj' Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am .m brhfjm fhrÎf,sjm w:mý`bjmjd `fr brj" tM fensjm w:mý`bj csÒalmof wfBerJn lrjmj'

f¿:uej auei l%un:3< Uo:m òe`yemödw:sQnsjm le¿noyq,"wö`ølY w`nlm fjmjdcq²fjm' ù`,ef t<snblsj :3rh Uo uy:mà`jyasjm uØ o,e`.j así U`ã brhfe Îfe le,nuq²,m`,m U`ã TJqaq ujm òram f fhåysínjm aùc`nm `yem aq/l3â Oer`nm yh§fh`vjfe fjmjd cq²fjm'U`ã uq²uy:m lhclsÃâ asòfjm jm Ufqjm .m wje.:n `fjq`fjmof wh:m:lm' t`y:m U`ã brhfjmd Uo<Ø jh:s wvqf `je ½`jm n lsne as:jmjd tce'

afam le,n t<`Xj öd Ufqjm `je gfas,m`,jm uØ o,e asíjm`jm

wâue`.:m" :e:m:e`.:m uqyqJq ½l o,e .jmj' tM TJq aq âyqr:,m `fjmj' byf,m le,ncqrefd Ufqjm .m `,eml`nm tmlreQY fqJ l:e u,m,Uo:m tlml òß .jmj' tMjs ae U`ã uyjm asn `je a,le yhr,e Ufqjm

`fjq fjm g:e

fíje le,nlm `fjm lrjmjf.lYulm Uod :s ojfe' `f`ya js ae`fjm Uo brhfe`.jm òram fqf`ye:m" tM .hjfhdyYulm jh:s U`ã brhfe Uo .hjwujecnd c:m fjmjd:m" Uo ye brhfew:r aùc ao|:efn ì| fh`djmjd:m tnu `ym:3 fjmjd cq²fjm' `ce:c`:m ½jqu brhfed ,oe §`â§ f.lsf nq:3 ù`yfrlm gdq lrjm`jm.3rhfrhjm' t`y:m cf:sj wBNecj rdefjsae`fjm öAn c6nd tye nj c% e`nem.sl½jqulm brhfjmd wBNecjn yrye w.%

weler`njm `je,hòj of ryalm `jùns' whr:m tM½jqu cea`,jm u ,oe În nq:3 ns lsnj :hj Uols asàm:m u asínnq:3:m jhyh' tM js ae arhx.,m Tv nfjle,nd jsfàm §u U`ã brhfed arhx.,nlm yß`bjmj:m" ybjyhí lsne `bjmj:m wu:l lrjmj tce'`falm l+ vqf U`ãbrhfe auØ jsfàm § u js ¿ueJn lr.jmj' `lemâcsÜdq

ybjmj" à,m,âo:m Tnjmj" tM Tnj à,m,âo:sjm ys: ý:3rjmd ax.%y lrjmj" òßyß`.j aqybQY,Yfldnq:3 lrjmjU`ã brhfed gv`bjmj' `leam le<Udqjmjlm yß`.jri `fj U`ãbrhfe f w.nlrjmj'

fh,s íllmf:m cnd cH`.jmj `je §U`ã brhfe f `,el3 uy:m lrjfed fve

amfOeöl cÒarnd fve:m aùc `fýjm U`ã brhfed fh`vjmj gv yhÃuyrye àeoe byud:m cJ àm u

webrn lrj àeôrh ys:lm wh:s

àeôrh ýjs alm `,efd ßneblrjmj TcleÃ `fjfe' cqxÝ le,`nm g|jm ubrhfed lsne În nq:3 fhb.:m u cevâ `bllm :uns cs<s`f< aycÒamau' whôâ" ch,ôâ"à,m,â ovq cfecs<s`f<d :oe .:nq:3 of <ue fnàm § u lsne `bjmj' tM

f`.m u c%`øQâ ön nq:3:hjm" cq`øQâ ön nq:3 whns nj lerJe:m `:mrhâ lr `bjmj' ùfhjs `bmf,m Wiqflsnjfed fve js¿ueJe:mul l:jmbr amfrHc`njm gÎÒc:m lsÃu <ue ujaUo `f: j:3 lr .jmjd g:eu:m `ye|cbjulm alam lr `bjfe' w`cm <uele,`nm `buøcs`nem" fhåysí`nem lsneòjmj ie:l l:e" ijl:e w`cm u:l`nm :fu :s njfe `jm bK w`jlm òe`yem `bmf,mf,d fve wcd u:l :s`njm`j:m tM lö l:jmbr u ns `jm bK tM js ae U`ã

brhfe f tfjm f] yrf:m l:e aâc%ßnlsjm `cemAJn lrjmjd caqod `fjmj tce' wc as:jfed:m fve Taam weler`njm nâ nâwfam6ef, tM l:e u],sl wffebnjm Õö:nyc:m lrñ`â le¿nOern gdq lrjfe'

Ufqjm`.m ý:3rjm .hj ö`QmA`njm àene o,jmj' tM ý:3rjm ay Ufqjm .m cfq,mf, aeueûlnjm U`ã aùc ys:f:3jm ofd c:m lr .hjYùjm U`ã brhfe fdeöQe, werlmAl ie,nlm wh:s `fjfe' tnsjm U`ã brhfe `je uØd nH`â gvòe`yem ànsjm wfu `l`rjfe' as,m,r .Jjd :elmAJn Oeö: l<yhls wjm:¿ie, nq.nlm ½jm wc asíjjs ae U ã brhfe Uod fve òe yem l,sjm ay cyaq fjm wjm:¿ie,nd ay ix.uòrl:jnd cqrhò fj of js ahlns'Ufqjm .jm tM `bmf,m gf:m `led ½å :yxÝcjfjfed fve tM .hj wfÎ`njm asíýjm

:elmAJn wfOeö:`njm f<lsjmjd uØ`cjmñu ye ½jqf:m lsÃuns fve fhb.:m'l3 ve l, cdjm u B¿u`nm yhasÃu cqrhòlrfe" cfd on ay cfd ,hÆief lsnj`bmf B¿unjmd wjql+, f Õf:m `fjmj Uobrhfed cqrhò lr :sïu ù:hj § Uodguy:m cyaqflm fjq wh:s'

U`ã brhfe`.m ayi yhlsnefjm yôje .hjYu:m l< nq:3 ns' Uyq `yem whn:3< Uod fqfuje fE:m:slne blsjfedfve Uyq `yem whn :3< asíj fE:m:slneÎÒu:m lsÃu uecsn - ¥brh asn,m,jm .m uw`cmlmAefjm aC, lrfjmjd Tcler fjof js ahlns'

brhfjm cöjm" wnyc:sjm uqbfe.hjYu:m" nyc`:ys `nbñu:m" aqòaq le,`nm § Qs,mc Q% eam:% g.hjmñu:m" aqòaq le,n chý‖ öd wefey öfey ldnq:3 asòlr §u:m" aqòaq le,`nm § brhfjd `bmc<cfre §u:m `buøcsnjm`.m nq:3lâ' Qs,mcQ% eam:% g.hjmñ`â § B¿u`njm cjmjrn`je ,b T.:mlu ls as am:m .rh ldnq:3`je fj f.:m asys :oe `.j ldnq:3 l<nq:3 `fjfe' yslmùùjm `:er wBNecjnwcreBnjmd wenqBnlm of odysr öbmf:3jm lsne asíjfe' t`y:m tM yslmùu" öjn,hòjm`jm lfrlsjm b lsne UfqjmdchyhÎ,s u:nlm jhyh' frÎjm wc uqbfjyslmùu wh:s lrfjmjd au:m fjm jm wnyc: csdq blsj" nyc: u w.nj aâoqò byu u ýa w`jllm jâ `jùns' tM js ae `:rhfjm arJ yhr arJlm `,ef`le:hjlf:m jh:s of U`ã brhfe`.m yhØYâ :3< jsbjm.: lrfjmj'

c<uq csnf`rjm u aâoqbmB Qeajndc]ie `lrhJq" :s arJnd Oer `lrhJq U`ã cq:e" z`ye| brh`flmV lsnj àeôrhöfrJn ,oe `bjmjd feajefjm: fqJwâue `l`jlm" :e:m:e `l`jlm fjmjd

js ahl`njm u Uod:m cq²fjm'''à

==`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j'''

adyj

Oer: a]ÒnoJm ver

; `fjs csdq fjm'''u`.m cq:e yekb brh`flm'''

ùu ,s cs n cs<sokb U`ã wbyam wcd YCY lrjm j;4= ;=> 15 9;

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


cs ½jm aY,n ÎnqJq lr.jmjwelern .hj :uns g`.j.jsýjm gjm jm' t:`led:fòrd:m zuu bjmjfeV lsnjwbya wcsd :sãòe:m wcs we`nwe`n:m wuerh`ø fh`djfe' tM js ae zuu bjmjfeV lsnj yYjwbya w:myÒjmj µj' t:`ledzuu g`.j .jmj `l`jlmV

lsnj wbya TcÎjfe' t:`ledns wcsae¿6l `fjmj cdjm .jm jm' t`yjâwcs aY,n .hj g`.j .jmj`led wcs

yÒnd g`.j .:m: jâ Oe.Nf:3jmfyjm am uje`led whaqrh l<e `fjfe'wcs `le`yeu b tM whaqr cdjm .jm jm'''KtMld wcs aY, öaqbmæn lre njmj µj' aY,öaqbmænd chý`Jjmj cqrhò lr.jmj µj'tnd chýJ fean lrjmj wcsd cq²fjm`fjmj µj' aY, öaqbmæn lsn, lsnjm jm ahc wh:s lrj tllm b'''K òlm wh:s lrjtllm b'''K tM l uye ahclm wh:s lrjtllm' aY, öaqbmæn lsn, lsnjm jm c]¿JfQ`njm u aY,n csÒasò ñulm' tM lns öaqbmæn lsn, lsnjm jm'

bhjm o,jmj wcs fhrÎ l%und B¿ung`.j .:m :e:m wcsd uejmjn tjfe't:`led aY,n .hj g`.j .jsbmÎ:muejmjn we`fe:m tM l B¿u öj`nm `bemAnlm b'''K jH' juq:m tM fhrÎ l% âdÎ.d u .s ne:m ùelb `fjm`jm'''K wcsdOe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm uje`led whaqrh

lrjmj" `.!rf`njm whaqrh lrjmj yâo`fjm jm jH `jm b'''K t`yjâ wcs l<nq:3 `bm `j`fns lr, :s`njm jm" `je l<nq:3 `bm :uns wcs lr, :s`njm jm' l<nq:3 `bm :uns wcs B¿un g`.j .jmj`led" g`.j .jmj µj B¿u`nm :s`njweler`njm u ns' Gd cam am wcs tM B¿unÕö`:md .<c`.j o,jmj µj' tM B¿unÕö:nd .<c`.j oh,Yùjm B¿un :3<sjm Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm f wcs wôj .jmj

=7 _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

c]ijYn jef,csí`nm wÒnfxQ amfeýjm fyjmàm

aY, öQ3bmæn wh:slr .jsuq - ;9

µj' tM l :uns g`.j .jmj rdef'juq:m òe`yem wn lrjm jm ùellm

b'''K B¿un :3<sjm :ujm f yôj .jmjl,mcje lrjfe' auyr wn B¿un:3<sjm wjs:m wnf yôje .jmj l,mcjelrjfe' Ujmj Un fhrÎ l%u `bl wjq.ujn lrjfe' t`yujâ wcs l< nq:3 rdefùellm b'''K B¿ung`.j .jmjfe B¿u`nm:s`nj öÎnd' G<Ød tM B¿un w`cm Õö`:md

.<c,e o,jmj µj' tàm o,ýjm tM B¿un :3<sjm tM Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am wôj .jmj wcs fHnâlrjmj µj' t:`led tM l :uns wcs l< nq:3 öÎn' juq:m òe`yem wn lr, :s`njm`jm`le`yeu b'''K B¿un:3<sjm :ujm f blsjmjl,mcje lrjfe' G<ØdB¿un :3<sjm wjs:m wn fblsjmj l,mcje lrjfe' t:`led l< nq:3 `bm blr, :s`njm jm' jH `jm b'''K juq:m `.evlm wnUjmj Un l%u `bl wjq.ujn lrjfe' wcs ys:uq Ujmj `l`jlm gjmjfe"

tne B¿un g`.j .jmjfe' g`.j`.j tne ys:jfe zuu ½jm `bmQjeùÁpr bjmjfe'V" zud ½jm aueæn:s`njfeV" zuu fhb.:m `l`jlmV weÎfQ`njm' tM öÎyd B¿un :3<sjm :ujm .hj o,jmj T:may lrjfe' zud ½jm aueæn :s njfeV" zud `:m`rjfe'V" zud½jm wfòemBn :s njfe'V lsn, B¿un:3<sjm tne :ue .hj o,jfe' G<Ød tne l,mcje lrjfe zwrn òam aY,nsV"zwrn `â `â öÎnd Oefje lrjfeV"zwrnd ù`yu wh:sV" zwrn wa:mcqrhAnsVwa:mcqrhA .:s tne`.m :s njm`jm' wrn`.m`â öÎ`nm .:s.3J :s njm jm' lsn, wjqjm .hj `yenjfe' Un `bl `l`rjf bjhbmb'''K t:`led ùellm b fjm`jm'''K tl ch:m:lsjm zuu `ye|nsV lsn, l,mcjelrjfe" zud ù`yu `bmQje cq²fjmV"zud ù`yu cq²fjmV lsn, ys:jfe' tM

f`.m u zwrn jrlnsV lsn, ys:jfe'zwrnd oH`jm" cevâ jH`jmVlsn, ys:jfe' zwrn ù`yunsV

lsn, w.3J yenjfe' t`yu jh:mjâ `l`jlm

ys:jfe" zwrnd jâ `ye|d Oefjelr`.j njmj cq²fjm" ud oH`jmV lsn,ys:jfe' t:`led ùellm b tjm jm'''KyYj uejn' Vwr`.e,m,jmd Oefje oH" ud`ye|d Oefje cq²fjmV lsn, ys:jfe' t:`led ùellm b tjm jm'''K wæuejn'

½lml b B¿un:3<sjm :ujm .hjo,jmj l,mcje lrj`ljed:m" wjqjmdB¿un .<c,e o,j`ljed:m `fjm jm

ùellm b lsn,'''Kuejmjn :uns tM wnd tjm jm' t:`led tMg`.j .jmje rde`ø`bemAn `jm b''K Unrdefd `jm b auyrwn B¿un g`.j.jm jmK t:`ledùelbmb wcs :3<fhå,e we`ø'uejmjn :uns fhå,ewe`ø' t`yjâ wcs tM rdef u aY,n.hj g`.j .jmj:m `nebe.:m`:e:m wcsdùelb `fjm jm'''K tMlsnjm`jm tne aY,n

.hj g`.j .jmjfe' g`.j .:m: .ujm

tne ùellm b lrjm jm''K :ujmd .<c,eo,jfe' t:`led tned ―uu ½jm as,mf:m `l`jlm' ½jm ù`yuns˜ lsn,ewevâorn tjfe' ―uu:m ½jm fhb.:m`l`jlm' uu ½jm fhåysí `l`jlm'uu ½jm `â `â öÎnd aY,nlm :s nj`l`jlm˜ lsn,e tned tjfe wevâo`¿' tjf b jhbmb'''K tjfe' `â öÎnd `fjfb jhbmbK `fjfe'' t`yjâ gam aryd:m tM öÎnd u asbmB fq Je:m" wcs wae¿6lns `jm b'''K tM js ae wcs `â lrhJq jsfhrÎlr`.j gamaryd njmj µj' ùelb''K`â B¿u`nm `bemAnlm jH' tM f`.m u Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm B¿un `bmQjel< weler`nm `bemAnl3:m jH' ùelbmb t:`led `bemAn'''K wcs B¿un g`.j.jmj öÎ`nm `bemAn ns :s njm`jm' g`.j.:m:e f] öÎ`nm `bemAnlm :uns :s ojm jm' tM g`.j .hjY`â werâO`nm :são `bemAn

ùellm b'''K zuu bjmjfeV lsnj wbyasjmnq:3ñu' tM wbya wcs wnsjm l<e jâ zwcs g`.j .jmj wnV lsnj wbyad tjfe'Gd cam am íl íl jsfhrÎ `fjmj cdjm.jmjfe'

juq:m zuu bjmj `ljeV lsnj wbyàm gjmj`led" zuu g`.j .jmj `ljeVlsnj wbya jh:s f,e njfe' zuu bjmj`ljeV lsn, ys:e`.j g`.j .jmjfe' t:`led tned zg`.j .jmj `ljeVlsnj wbyalm tns b'''K tjm jm jH' Gdcam am tned ùellmb tj wbya'''Kzuu T.jm mfj `ljeV lsnj wbya :uns tjm jm' zuu lsn, `bj `ljeV lsnjwbya :uns tjm jm' zuu T.jmfj `ljeVlsnj wbya `.evlm `b`jlm :3< :s nj`bnlm' zuu g`.j .jmj `l`jlmV lsnjwbya `.evlm `b`jlm :3< jH'

g:sjm wcsd `â `bemAn wnsjm lr .jmjohÒ fq Jm whns'''K wcsd `yene.jmjohÒfqJe wcsd `le:j b fhrò`Jmlsn,e' B¿un g`.j .hjY â § wcsd tM f`.m fhrÎ öÎnlm wjq.ujn `fýjm :soqJ `jm b'''K ù`yu fh/bmblm yhùemd u :soqJe lsn, uu lsnjm jm

jH' juq:m tM l asbmB fqJ wn l,mcjelr, o,jmj wcsd t`yu fqJe `jm b

lsn,e' òe`yem `b`jl3d frbsj öÎnlm :uns uu lsø`ø' `â `,em l asbmB`fj`bnlm :uns uu lsø`ø'

t:`led wcs wjmj tM fhrÎ l%`âw:yhr be," yÒ öÎnd wcs B¿uncqrhò lr.jm jm `le`yeu b'''K tM a|yec<uq fjm u l< nq:m`:m uellm b'''Kzuu bjmjfeV lsnj wbya w:yhr,

be,e zuu g`.j .jmj `l`jlmV lsnjwbyad tjmj µj' wjmj tM öbsyd zuug`.j .jmj `ljeV lsnj wbya cs<s.jmj lhu:s lje Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am .m Q% efl`nlm ofd c:m`fjfe' Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am .m Qeaj`nmQ% eflnjm `bjm jlm gjmjfe' tM :uns g`.j .jmj `lje ay g`.j .:m:`lje' àmL OslmAqfns" wàmL OslmAqfns'wcs `â B¿un g`.j .jmj wn `jm b'''K t`yjâ wcs cs<s.jmj µj wcs g`.j.jmj wn lsn,e' tM ljm wbyam `fjfb g`.j .jmj wnd B¿un lsnjmjoH lsn,' g`.j .jmj `lje B¿unlsnj`led tM l g.hjmñulm `fjfe b'''K t`yu `fjm jm jH `jm b'''K g`.j .jmjwnd:m m B¿un lsnjmj cq²fjm" t:`ledwr T.jmfj uejasl:mfn w:yhr,lrjmj cq²fjm' tM lns B¿u`nm yhas rjmj

yejs `je fj weler`njm lrj rdef' t:`led wcs zuu bjmjfeV lsnj

wbya" zud wfòemB fqJeV lsnj wbyaw:yhr, be,e `le`yeu b B¿un yÒndg`.j .jm`jm'''K gam a,m,e u B¿u`nm :s nj welernd B¿un g`.j .jmj µj' tM B¿un g`.j .jm`jm `le`yeu b'''K tM B¿un amfelmLe:ns lsn, `:mrhâ .hjYucs‖a g`.j .jmj µj' tM B¿un g`.j.jmj `led uje`led `bmQje lr,:s nj `bnlm lsn, g`.j .jmj µj' tM öÎyd `â B¿un uje`led `bmQjelr, :s`nj `bnlm lsnj wbyasjm wcs `â B¿un g`.j .:m: jâ wc :3<sjmjs:h:sjm u yd .: nq:m :m ùellm b'''Kcs Y%:s c% uembn yd.: nq:3 u ns' juq:m nâ`l`jlm `â B¿un g`.j .jmj`led zyÒfh`ç ud `âl lr.jmj cq²fjm bKV lsn,ys:3`fe:m tne tM B¿un :3<sjm :ue o,jmjl,mcje lr, `jm b'''K tne yÒ öÎyd b tM B¿un g`.j .:m`:m'''K jH tne B¿un:3<sjm :ujm oh¨fe' g:sjm tned ys`:jfeud cq²fjm `fns b bjmjH" lsn, t:`led tned onlm wefe' juq:m tne g`.j.:m:jâ ―Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am fbe< `bm uug`.j .jmj µj' `â B¿u`nm .3Jnlm :s njfe amfelmLe:ns lsn,˜ tne tM .3Jn.hj l,mcje lr," g`.j .jmj" g`.j.jmj tned asys fjm jm" fhd`yjm jm ùellm b'''K `â B¿un amfelmLe:ns lsn, tned fhd`yjfe' tned t:`led on tns b'''K l3l3 am tns b''K lfbef:m l3l3 am tns b'''K jH''' whns l3l3 am tjm jm jh:m`:m''K amfelmLe: f] B¿unlm :3< ahl axleyd.jm jm jH' amfelmLe: f] B¿unlm :3< On yd.jm jm jH' amfelmLe: f] B¿unlm :3< ljam a,m, yd.jm jm jH' amfelmLe:

f] B¿unlm :3< :s njm`jm cY%:s c% uembn'whns tM ''K amfelmLe:ns lsn, lsnjm`jm uje`led `bmQje l<e lsnj tl ns' asn¨ `bjed u `:rhfjm arJns''à

ìn ahl òrh lrjamfelmLe: f] B¿un

kkkkkkkkkk

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


nh sbiahty tnmt wh lavh ao as ùll b` phbplhb` wnbc tnh ghnmvabr as sbchtachswboehrùl ms whll ms cystaiml. Ob cmtthrnbw nmre wh try, cbst b`tho tnmo obt, wh

`mal tb durh but tnh uoehrlyaod `mitbrs tnmtm``hit tnh ghnmvabr b` phbplh mrbuoe us.Gut, tnh Gueenm wms mglh tb uoehrstmoeimushs `br mll typhs b` ibcplhx nucmoghnmvabrs moe hcbtabos. Pmrabus

easiburshs imo gh `buoe ao tapatmjm bo tnh smch.Lht us `bius bur mtthotabo bo boh suin aothrhstaodmoe hyh bphoaod easibursh b` tnh Gueenm tnmtrhvhmls tnh gmsas b` tnh twb hxtrhch nucmohcbtabos a.h. lbvh moe nmth, imllhe [hcmebsmYuttm (easibursh bo `mults b` lbvh), ibotmaohe aotnh Moduttmrm Oajmym.

Ao tnas wbrle, tnhrh mrh phbplh wnbc wh lbvhmoe mecarh ms whll ms phbplh wnbc wh nmth. Mphrsbo cmy lbvh br nmth tnh btnhr tnrbudnbut nasbr nhr la`h, wnalh at cmy obt gh smch watn mobtnhr.At as `msiaomtaod tb shh nbw ihrtmao phbplh, wnbnmthe hmin btnhr boih, ghibch ghst `rahoes lmthr

moe vaih vhrsm. Unh gablbdasts tbemy nmvh `buoetnmt tnh lbvh moe nmtrhe, ghaod tnh twb cbstaothosh hcbtabos, snmrh tnh smch grmao iariuats.Gbtn tnh hcbtabos imo rhsult ao sacalmr mits b`hxtrhch ghnmvabrs wnain cmy shhc allbdaiml moe`bblasn tb btnhrs. Gut, wnho m phrsbo‑s hcbtabomlatysuphrshehs rmtabomlaty, nas br nhr ghnmvabr mlsbthoes tb gh arrmtaboml. Unh [hcmebsm Yuttm rhvhmlsnbw tnh lbvh imo gh m imush `br lbvh ms whll msnmtrhe moe nbw tnh nmtrhe imo gh m imush `brnmtrhe ms whll ms lbvh. @arstly, tnh Yuttm hxplmaos nbw m phrsbo‑slbvh tbwmres tnh btnhr wbule rhsult ao nacbr nhr lbvaod mobtnhr phrsbo (m tnare pmrty).Unhrh cmy gh m `rahoe b` burs br m phrsbownbc wh lbvh cbst. A` sbchbohmecarhs moe tmljs oaih b` suin

`rahoe br phrsbo tnmt wh lbvh,tnh rhsult wbule gh us ghaod

=9CMNċCėDNM - Unh @mcaly Gueenast Cmdmzaoh

Gy Cbnmo Yhomrmtoh

`rahoes br lbvaod suin phrsbo. @br hxmcplh, a` whlbvh phrsbo M moe phrsbo G tmljs oaihly tb phrsbo

M. Unho wh wall hoe up lbvaod phrsbo G ms whll. Aotnmt wmy, tnh Gueenm hxplmaos, lbvh imo rhsult ao

lbvh. Yacalmrly, tnh lbvh imo mlsb rhsult ao nmtrhe. A`sbchboh, watn br watnbut moy rhmsbo, irataiazhs moetmljs gme b` sbchboh tnmt wh lbvh: at wall hoe up aous nmtaod moe easlajaod suin phrsbo. Ao tnh mgbvhhxmcplh, a` phrsbo G motmdboazhs moe tmljs gmelytb phrsbo M, tnh rhsult wbule gh us stmrtaod tb nmthphrsbo G. Unus, tnh [hcmebsm Yuttm snbws tnmt,tnh lbvh imo rhsult ao gbtn lbvh moe nmtrhe. Unho, tnh Yuttm rhvhmls nbw nmtrhe imo rhsultao lbvh ms whll ms ao nmtrhe. A` m phrsbo tmljs gmelytb sbchboh wnbc wh nmth, wh thoe tb lbvh tnmtphrsbo. @br hxmcplh, a` wh nmth phrsbo M moephrsbo G tmljs nmrsn wbres tb phrsbo M: cbst lajhlywh thoe tb lajh moe lbvh phrsbo G. Unus nmtrheimo rhsult ao lbvh. Nbwhvhr, a` m phrsbo tmljs oaihlymoe jaoely tb sbchboh tnmt wh nmth, tnmt wbulerhsult ao us nmtaod suin phrsbo. A` phrsbo G tmljsoaihly tb phrsbo M (tnh boh wh nmth), cbst lajhly

wh wall nmth moe easlajh phrsbo G. Unas hxplmomtabob` dhohrml nucmo ghnmvabr hxplmaos ùoemchotmlgmsas b` bur rhlmtabosnaps moe ghnmvabr ao tnhsbiahty. At mlsb hxplmaos tnh imushs `br vmrabusassuhs tnmt wh ibo`rbot ao bur emy-tb-emy lavhs mt

`mcaly lhvhl, vallmdh lhvhl, omtabomllhvhl moe dlbgmlly.

Unh gmsas `br aothr-rhladabo moe aotrm-rhladaboeasmdrhhchots moe easputhsms whll ms phbplh `brcaod aotbvmrabus drbups, wnain mrh

ibccbo mt prhshot, imo

gh hmsaly uoehrstbbe watn tnh mgbvh hxplmomtaboprbvaehe ao tnh [hcmebsm Yuttm. [hbplh thoetb nmth moy phrsbo wnb irataiazhs tnhar sparatumllhmehrs (aothr-rhladabo). Hvho watnao m rhladabo,phbplh mrh drbuphe aotb vmrabus shits moetrmeatabos wnb nmth hmin-btnhr `br irataiazaodtnhar rhsphitavh thminhrs. Unh `bur aostmoihs b`rhlmtabosnap ghtwhho lbvh moe nmtrhe, hxplmaohemgbvh, imo mlsb gh ilhmrly bgshrvhe ao tnh hle b`pblatais. M sacplh hxmcplh as nbw tnh pblataiamosprmash moe mecarh m suiihssùl lhmehr (lbvhe gym cmfbraty b` phbplh) mt tnh tach b` mo hlhitabo,watn tnh vahw tb bgtmao phbplh‑s prh`hrhoihs. Hvhomt tnh wbrjplmih moe vallmdh, tnh smch omturh b`nucmo ghnmvabr imo gh bgshrvhe. @brcmtabo bào`brcml drbups mt wbrjplmihs moe tnh vallmdhsas cmaoly gmshe bo tnh snmrhe vmluhs mcbodchcghrs watn rhsphit tb rhladabo, pblatais, hti. moechcghrs b` suin drbups eb su``hr `rbc `mults b`lbvh ([hcmebsm) easiusshe mgbvh. Nbwhvhr, ms easiaplhs b` tnh drhmthst thminhr aotnh wbrle ’ tnh Gueenm, wh mrh sb cuin `brtuomth

tb nmvh lhmrohe tnh Enmccm wnain prbvaehssblutabos tb mll bur emy-tb-emy prbglhcs ms whllms tnh ultacmth prbglhc b` adobrmoih (mvaffm). Msphr Enmccm, tnhrh as obtnaod ao tnas wbrle tnmt asuoehr bur ibotrbl. Ao dhohrml at as mdrhhe tnmt tnhomturh aoilueaod tnh suo, tnh cbbo, inmodhs aoomturh suin ms whmtnhr, waoe, mdaod, saijohss moeehmtn mrh obt ibotrbllmglh. Ohvhrtnhlhss, imo mphrsbo ibotrbl tnh ghnmvabr b` phbplh ao m sbiahty,uolhss gy usaod thcpbrmry pbwhrs lajh pbwhr b`whmltn br pblataiml pbwhr2 Yacalmrly, tnhrh as obwmy ao wnain boh imo ibotrbl tnh wbres utthrhegy sbchboh hlsh. Yuin wbres mrh lajh inmodhsao omturh, bo wnain wh nmvh obt ibotrbl. Yb wnhosbchboh irataiazhs m phrsbo‑s lbvhe boh, nh br snhimo phrihavh suin irataiasc ms mo mit b` omturh.

Bo tnh btnhr nmoe, boh wall gh m vaitac b`

`mults b` lbvh ([hcmebsm), boly a` nh br snh asmttminhe tb m pmrtaiulmr thminhr, phrsbo, pblataimlvahwpbaot, rhladabus vahwpbaot br m cmthraml bgfhit.A` sbchboh glmchs suin phrsbo br thminhr tnmtnh br snh lbvhs moe mttminhe tb, at as cbrh lajhly`br nac br nhr tb ghibch m vaitac b` `mults b`lbvh easiusshe mgbvh. Gut, ms phr tnh thminaodsb` bur drhmt thminhr, wh snmll nmvh ob irmvaodbr mvhrsabo tbwmres moy phrsbo, moy bgfhit brhvho moy vahwpbaot. Unh Gueenm nms mevashenas easiaplhs tb tmjh tnh Enmccm ms boh‑s aslmoe(Enmccmeapm), tb tmjh tnh Enmccm ms boh‑s

rhùdh (Enmccmsmrmom), moe tb tmjh ob btnhr

rhùdh (Momoomsmrmom). Unus, tnhrh as ob wmy aownain m rhml Gueenast imo su``hr `rbc `mults b` lbvh.

Nbwhvhr, boh cust nmvh tnh pmtrbomdh b` obglh`rahoes (jmlymomcattm) tb lhmro tnh

purh Enmccm wnain tnh Gueenm nmstmudnt. Hvho a` sbchboh glmchs moeirataiazhs boh‑s obglh `rahoe(s), bohcust gh scmrt hobudn tb cmtin suinirataiasc ao laoh watn Enmccm moe obttb inmodh nas br nhr stmth b` caoe.

Ub succmrazh, tnbudn at asibcpmrmtavhly m snbrt easibursh,tnh [hcmebsm Yuttm hxplmaos moacpbrtmot pnhobchom b` tnh gmsas b`dhohrmtaod lbvh br nmtrhe ao nucmos.Tatn suin hxplmomtabo, wh imorhmsbo-but tnh inmodhs ao nucmoghnmvabr ao tnh sbiahty mrbuoe us. Unhsuttm mlsb snbws us tnh acpbrtmoihb` easiaplaoaod burshlvhs `br obt ghaodvaitacs b` `mults b` lbvh. Lht us mll nmvh

tnh dbbe `brtuoh b` rhmlazaod Enmccm ao tnas hrm b` bur obglh thminhr, tnhDmutmcm Gueenm!

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


lh`,m uerh fqJed `leín`. cq,m,s uerh `fjm j jhyhV lsnjm`jm òe`yeu ijc% sn l:eflm' `âl:e`ø tl fh/bmblm :s njfelsnj tl ux ½j .:m`:m leínns"Îönns `fjmlr, yôje .:m:

bfàm'fh/bmb `âlns' lh`,m uerh fqJe u

uerh `fjmj `yem `je `fjmj `leíndcq,m,s jhyh'''à `leínd :s`njm`jm fnsrâ'Îönd :uns cq,m,s :s njm jm'''à

`,em l f`Ü nj `â .u`jÎ tM l:efwcs ch:m:lsjm :snuq' lh`,m uerh fqJcu‖jm leíne Îö`nlm je fqJd uelbUjmj ujq am a`nlm" Îö`nlm `f,e''' `yýjm aYrh`ø fam uerh lr .:m: â ýjs am Îöne`yf:m zuhjsu,mV (Cmo+Moacml3Cmoacml) d ½jm fna wfqrhò y:<sylm' fna wfqrhòöam am § :uns Uyqd Îö`nlm `fjmj u

µ`j lsnj weQef wh:s `f,e :s njm jm'z,hÃ b `,c¿çV (Lmrry Unh Lhbpmre) jeu`njm le w:r:m c% asbmB `â ýjs am Îöne`. ahoH ju ,ejm am ì%amlm' Uyq whùÒle`ø `dlm aeam c% ejm:`nm fhas nlm'tM f`.m u fE:m:s`njm cÁp Qs,mcs nlm' `âfE:m:Yn ½jqu:m ýjs am Îö`nl3 ofd c:m ñ`â § Uyqd òe`yem ànsjm TcleÃ ñ:s oj of oh¨ oh,mud u `cjY njfe'wfqrhò öamàm § asrhr cqre Îö`nl3 .m weler`njm cq,m,s cÁp `lede .hjY ujm :uns Uyq l3 ve wfæ`nm cdjm weQef ñ:soqJ ýjs am Îöne ofd c:m fq Jm'

Uyq öQmfea lrjm`jm :ujm w¿B ýjsàlm ay w¿B Îö`nlm lsn,ns' Uyq whöÎjm jm:m Îö`nl3 .m aqLjuN" Tcl%uQY,Y ye:YlmAJ ,Y,e`fjm' Îö`nl3 `,a `fam f,e .hjY ujm wh:s f] ùu c%:srHcnUyqd .j wjmBler`nm fqf:m `cjYu ,oe

`bjmjd au:m f] of Uyq cfajfe' tàm u re:%s le,`nm bvnâ lsÃud yhls ñu ay`ø.`njm Îñud yhlsñu nj o,njm Uyqd,hoq Jm Îö`nl3 ñu js ae ofns Uyq .m wbya'

Uyq tlmbrh cs nlm' Uyq .m l3 veÎn‖nd oh¨ oh,mud :u csneJjm f `cjY njm jm ledqjm pÒ:nlm `,a ön nq:3 ns't`y:m nâ bfal `â ledqjm à,m,`âauor:efn ì£ `.easjm ujqANne `fjqfdlh,H Îöne gamu:3 fq`Je:m jâ `â ýjs am Îöne .hj :YrJnlm .jmj o,BeÃjmd asò`fns' tM `bmf,m Uoeue ce,jnd u Oer §,e`â cqòu ay.: pÒ: amfOefn wcs `fjam whalsjm lsnfuq'

,ejmam ì% amlm `yf:m j]:j ýjs am Îöne`â weler`njm :sÒajm a`:l3 .m amfrHcn:ujmd we`remcJn lr .jmjd uy:m lhuh:m:lm blmfjm jm:m" lhc lsÃulm asò

lrjm jm:m whnsK `â .hj Uyqf:m wh:hâöd je as:jfe fjmjd cq²fjm' yhr:m Uyq jsrjm:r`njm lsne asíjm jm ùn l3ve l,cdjm Uyq`.m weQef ofns'

`,em c%ld de_¿&ajm l:e ue,ef .hjUo wae wh:s' de_¿&ajm jâ ýjs am brhfedg:e l3 ve wfæ`nm § u `buøcsnjm wysý`fjfe' tnsjm caq f Uyq f yß fve .jm`jm fôrh uflm' whnd fôrh chdfe wysý ñ

asín § yuq fqJ`â ýjs ambrhfe f whncq:% :j:3 ¿:oe`.j wh:s ½å lrjfe'fôrjm .m aHuyhasÃulm u" p¿neflm u `âbrhf:m cqrhò `fjfe' tcuJlm `je `fns"Uyqd fôrh OeAef:m `ye|d cq²fjm' t`yuysdcq de_¿&ajmdf:m fô`rlm f`.m Õf:m `fjmjµ`jm lsn, ys:3`Jjhyh' c%ojmBnl§ f:m asò `je fqJ tfjm `bnlm ahoHfd

u ýjs am Îöne yrye t<s blsjm`jm Uyq l3vele,`nm cdjm Îönjm whaq ¿ yhÎ,e fhå,js aef:m" Îönjm .m whaqr Uyq aq,o f,oj js aef:m `jùns'`leíjm u ù`,a Îö`fam .hjYud Uyqd`buøcsnjm .m wfarn,hì,:m jH' `â .hj`buøcsnjm .m cf:sj½å `je lhuh:m:js ae wbd:m Ufqjm `b`.e,m, w:`¿ aùc ao|:efnlm jhyh' t`yu jâ ýjsàlm ,aÎö `.ñu w.n lrj aueinl yhòJq fhvqJq

Uyq `â weler`njm ýjs am Îö`nlm ofdc:mfjmjd ½å `,a`c<X f] lerJnùellm `fjmj wh:s bK Ujmj Un c%Qmjnd T:m:rn `yenjmjùd far 7884ld tye w:Y:nd .ujm lrjmj wcd asbmB fjfe' aeuejN ýjs aedgjmþsn`.empr `je fj ay c%Ô`.empr`je fj" ö`QmA ÞJnlsjm u" ö`QmAwfòemBnlsjm u ½l .: nq:3" ½j .:nq:3 `â lerJe `,emlnd `y<sbrø l<uye c%Ô`,emln Õfuej f `,ef tl¨l< nq.n :uns tM ' le,:%n öjsöb blsjeöQsAmd c%Ôflsjm `yìne f] :6e.:njm fyjm am .m wfòemBnd juamler `øfeàTjmfyjmàm öasjqns w:hr `je yhr wccf:mfe`.j tjq ,oj axaer cqrhò .hjwc]rhfd `cjmfe fß`<m'

:6e.:njm fyjmàm Õfuej f fhv así tM le,`nm tlm:re amfeùjm fyjm aM julm wæl `,a bjm f<|ýjm fean l<e'`â waeuejN" wæl fh<£u .hj w`jlm amfeùjm fyjm am,e cqòund c:m fqJe' tM cqf: ah, `lrhJq ùe`ye`:m :6e.:njm fyjm am fß`<m `â amfeùjm fyjm am we:mu Of cjm asnnlm uq²,m`,m tl Î.d u wh`:l3 fQ`njm gcsb wh:s ofns' tM aar cqrhbmb

js ans Tjmfyjm am wæl `,a bjm f<|jm jm' :f:m amfeùjm

fyjmàm julm fh<ª weyernfuerjfe' oqòjqf‖jm `cjmfefß`<m uH:l §.f `nemjs njm pq:ñ wh:s tM amfeùjm fyjmàm `crcqrhbmb wjqf .:m weyern fuerjofns''' tM welerndu aa`¿ òe`yem fernlm fôrh`nemjs nm Tcjm cqrhbmb js ae`fjm uy uv f<lm uqJ.haqJ öd tndTåjm chj nj ayl3 ve u< f<lm uqJ

.haqJ öd tys ohanj .:s amfOefnlm `cjm f] `:rhjm fyjmàm julm aâojmB cqf::m

wcd uqJ .hàjm`jm oqbmB le,Yjf u ns'''Un welernd u B¿un wajmjd chýJ

aar cqrhò gamu:3 lr `cjmf] Tcealfrhcam `b`jlm .hj:m B¿u`nm lsnh`fjfe' tM cam `bje`.jm tlm w`nlm :6e.:njm fyjmàm wOsna ys|`.j jsß fhdqJe' :f`l`jlm whØs,m ,jm ìu gÒ w¢jmj cdjm .:m:e' :f:m l`jlm <Ø :so] .al w:m:lm àe,fjmjd cdjm .:m:e' tlm l`jlm wya`ba öuas,m ,jm o,jmjd cdjm .:m:e'wjs:m `lje cuJlm B¿und u as: j:3 lr`.j wae`.j asíne'

`â cam weler p¿nefjm .hj wejjmb`:rhjm fyjm am öua] öd :6e.:njm

fyjm am fß`<m B¿u Q%fJn càl ,ejsß .:m :hjh:m:e we:mu Oef cjm asnnlm uq²,m ,m tl Î.d u a¿c `nemjs nm gcsbbrJ .ae tM u: ysa :oe jsß .:m cqrhbmbdu ½jq:m jsbje ofns' tM weler`njm u.hvö,m cJq`fl3 f gcsb ìu yerje cqrhò:so] :hjh:m:e ìu gÒ wh£u:m" fô`rl3 fgcsb w:3 àe,fýjm yqjm :hjh:m:e w:m:à,ñu:m" jhlh:m :rh o,j cqrhò :so] :hjh:m:e wya oh,Yu:m asò lr :soqJe'we:mu Oef cjmasnnlm uq²,m ,m `øb ujm:% yßrJ o% eymuJ`nlm f gcsb cqrhò :so] :hjh:m:e tM cqrhbmb wjqf u uje `ledB¿und afjm `neuq lr :soqJe' a¿f{:e ÞJ`njm csÒas| `jeblsjmjd wc ledf:m tM `bmf,m as:Yâue:%nldf:m yaq lr .jmjd ohyh `jm bKKK ýjs am Îöne .hj:m ùfhjs u caqìâl6eflm :s ojfe fjmjd ohÒ nhns ledjâ lsf yhls bK `â ýjs am Îöned aa`¿ òe`yem le,nlm Îö`nl3 `,a Tcjmje f] cqrhbmblm gamu:3 ñ ufhjs wOs per Õfj rdeflm c% snf]fe fjmjd cq²fjm' csdq blsjmjd wau:m

fqJ tM cqrhbmb öasjm u:3 w:m Ofnl Uyq f ahoHfd u Îö`nlm `,a Tcbmbfjmjd`le`y:m u ohÒlulm jH' ½jdu:m Uyq .m as:3ö,s alam ñ :sòjm jm Îö`nl3 `,a

Îö `.ñudns' g:sjm ur‖jm u:3KKK Uod u:l wh:s àmjsn ay cqJmJ`b`bje`.m l6e fam:3f' `â asbmænlsnh`fjm j uÆ¯u jsle`nm l3lml3rf:sn a]:% nm'

cqJmJ así`n .f f%:n auebjm `f,e' tM lsnjm jm aHu welernlsjm u .f`nl3 `,al% sne lrjfe' àmjsn auebjm `f,e así`nm aqjL f%:n' yhasÃâ rde aqjL`nlm f`.ns'

`â `b`bje :6e.:njm fyjm am aùcnd whö:m Ufqjm tls`jle `â welerf%:njm auebjm ñ asíj of cfae Ufqjm .m cr`,ef Õö: lfr weler `ø½ns öuae asíne' :6e.:njm fyjmàm `:frlm u tnd cs<s:3rh §u c%:slm Amc `led fß<e' :fòrd:m öuae así js ae :6e.:njm fyjmàm tlY f%:njm auebjm ñ`â öcelfß<e' Tjmfyjm am `bmQje l`<m nùlm aqjL f%:n" aqjL aY,n" aqjL as:" aqjLwel,mc fvjfe jâ" cÒc] ¿J f jsr:3rhf fvjfe jâ Uyq ln ì£ ur‖jm u:3 aqjL `,eml`nm TcÎj ofns' tM weler`njm u nùlm .f f%:n" .f aY,n" .f as:" .fwel,mc fvjfe jâ" cÒc] ¿J f jsr:3rhf fvjfe jâ Uyq ln ì£ ur‖jm u:3 .fnjm .m `,eml`nm Tc: ,oj ofns' t:`led ,hÃd ulm `fns b'''K wjfre.% aar cqrefd wc f whbbue :sòj wj:3r aq²cdq jhyh `jm bKò¿,O ýjs a:m of:m" w:s ò¿,O aâoqbmBQeajn:m tl fr u uqJ .haY w:s T:3âlmAJ aâc:m:sn Tß fqJ `â ùe`ye`:m wc :f òrd:m aa`¿ cqrhò cÒbm bjm uc%ueb ön nq:3 bK ire" fNeæ" urJnjmd aßl,mys u wc f nd lr`.j nHud gv:hìn nq:3 bK `â `bmf,m .hj wjm lfrßdf:m fve as:e o,jmjd aqòaq u le,n :uns `â t<X :s ojm`jm' `â lerJn:m auØ u

:f:m cqxÝ" t`y:m fhb.:m lerJnlm Uodlsnjmj µ`jm' U`ã l3ve brh asØs:m:e:m ledqjm pÒ:njmd c%sn lrjfe fjmjd cq²fjm'ö`QmA`njm u tM blsj a:3jm `,a Ufqjm rØcejfe" yhas rjfe fjmjd cq²fjm'Ufqjm .m <ue ujàm `je uh`lj wnqrd Ý:m: rHc ufjmjd aqjmbr nhns `cjY nj tM a:mf `,emln au:m fjfe `jm bK g:eu Tcl%uQY,Y f tM .hj <ue as:mys wh:sfjweQef `fjam lsÃu fhb.:m' ùej :râ aqjmbr `,a `cjY .sn:m tM òlm oyq, f]"cY ve oyq, f] :sÒajm wcen of Ufqjmdcyß `bjmj' tys fh`djmjd" wh`,jmjd".h`,jmjd `je f abyd u tnsjm jsbyam fjmjd wc T:maey l< nq:3 of lsne`bjmj' tM `fjq fjm .: nq:3 tl u uØ aâue aâoqò uØns nj öQmfean Ufqjm :3<wh:s lrfjmj'

ù:hjsjm ls as am:m u cy<d `je `ø¦gy<d fjmjd''' t:hjsjm b `je jhf:Y cy<sjm b ù:hjsjm b gy<sjm b abyd ujsbyam fjmjd asn¨ `bjed Oe.Nn Tß`øfeà

`:rhfjm arJnsà

`lensod bK

=5 _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


=8`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j'''

lËj csjmlulmV njq ,xle`ø wcdjqyqrh jqcqrhò `bnlm `j`fns'wcd u we`ø‖l f] aâc%ßnld"we`ø‖l f] f:m cs<s`f:m au]ynld wjqf farld frlm`l`rj ùu csjmlâ ue,ef js ae,xle`ø òe`yem csÒald uy:m C, uyejs axa csjm /am lr.jmjdwfam6ef Tß `fjfe' lËj

csjmlul u],sl wx.n fjm`jm lËj Ðfrnns' lËj Ðfrn cs<so| wc`.m Qeam:E f] `.!:u oqòrieJjm fyjmàm fß< lerJelsyscnlm :uns wc ½j.jmjd njm j'lËj Ðfr`nm werâOn asò fq Jm `âwelernd ns'

tM bfamf, Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm fhv así`nm ahfh:m jqfr w`jmcs~q asdq:3ue`.m wereu`nm ns' tl, cefe jqfr fhv feanl< :sylm cuJ f] OslmA]jm asn¨ `bjefyjm am u werJN.: f" csJmvce:`njm nh`cýjm" cexQ3l+,sl f :3jm asfqrh brýjm Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am blsjmjd ahfh:m jqfr o,e fhåne' t`y:m tu amfeùjm

fyjm am,ed ahfh:m jqfr o,e fåjmjd`je yhls f ae`lm: jqfr fam fajmjd asò fqJe' `neòjm ynlm òÒjm fhv así Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am `je ½l fean lrjjs ae Tjmfyjm am,e òlsjm l,m .: l<e' fam öa] :3jm ualm wfaej`nm tu OslmA]jm fyjm am,e" f< `.evh,s csrhJq `.e`yerh u`vys Î`njm `::mf] asfqrh ays: f Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm ohyhblsjmjd fhåne' tu OslM A]jm fyjm am,e auØ cs<s a|`¿ `nòJq Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am tu lerJn uq,m led`.j lËj Ðfrnlm wjq½j fß<e' tys § lËj Ðfrn alaj welern uje `led `bmQjel<e' ùn öjnejql+, ldnq:m:lm `fjfe'

lËjn wh:sÃu `yf:m lËjeam:rJnnjq OslmA]jm fyjm am,e öasjm asò `l`rjöjn l¿unlm fjfe' ùys § asò fjm joqòrieJjm fyjm am öasjm wjq½j fß<öjnejql+,f] `bmQjefjmd wjqf asfqrlmcs<s`n, lsÃu ns' ùu T:3â ldnq:m: asò `l`rjm jm fam aej le,`nm wfaejuea`nm ns'

tl, OslmA]jm fyjm am,ed asfqrlm alae .hjYu cs‖a òe`yem öd ,hoq`Jm `rÎ lho,s ns' tu `rÎ lv ,oe.:nq:3 welern Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm öasjm wjq½j fß<e' tàm asfqrlm `ledam `led alae .jmje welern .hj Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am w,xler Tcueflm `bmQje `led:s ojfe' wbmbae `Lem O.fe u.B`L:m:xwÁóobmBx ce<sobmBx uÒnebobmBx

asx?edlobmBx" Îamfej wenamujm:xwejjmbx weujm :m as - cam aas `jem :mfx" wejjmb" u.B`L:m:x wÁóobmBxce<sobmBx uÒnebobmBx asx?edlobmBVjm:sK

tM fx" Ojm :mV:s' Tam ayas :mfx" wejjmb" OslmL]jx tM frHcejs Ðfrejs axöbys:3Vjm:sKTam ayeý" O.feV:s'

_öjn csdln - Ðfrlm Ljm bln& tl, Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am" a:/am ,snÎ ohjmbe f] l3Xqrh wh:s Î.sjm ye

c<,sjm uyjsnr ohjmß f] w:r:3r l3 vejsnr ohjmß f] jsn`¿ a:r yjmÎ ohjmß f] u.B`nm `l:mnen òdq àml' ½l wejjmb amfeùjm fyjmàm wu:e fß< àml' ―csjmf:m wejjmbn" a:/am ,snÎ ohjmbef] l3Xqrh wh:s" Î.sjm ye c<,sjm uyjsnrohjmß f]" w:r:3r l3 ve jsnr ohjmß f] jsn`¿ a:r yjmÎ ohjmß f] u.B`nm`l:mnen òdqfe bKñs wha] àml' ―tàm n amfeùjY ' ùàm l3Xqrl jsnr `fjm ñ wh:s weler`njm asfqrh lce OslmA]jm fyjmàm,eT`bae alajmjdns Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàmwjq½j fß`<m'

lËjn wh:sÃu jâ öjn l¿un b tnlrj le,n b lËj fam:%n `làm önnq:3 b njmj b lËjn ahlaYud ax?nefyjm am öasjm l< nq:3 `bm b lËjnwh:sÃu a|ye aqòaq OslmAqf b jsfhrÎf asfqrlm alam lsÃu b lËjejs axa blËjejsaxa a|ye Tfòrh fj lerJeb nj wx. aâc]¿J f] bH Oe.Nf:3jmfyjm am öasjm wjq½j fß<e' `â öam:rnöjn csdl`nm uyef.m. ce<s`nm ,am ajd akbyjm `fjfe'

lËj Ðfr c]ief w:Y: ri brhfjm öasjm b asò `led :sòjfe' `ce`,ejmjrhreiBejs nm uye crel%uoeyq ri:3ue öasjmÎXq,e., àmjeaj`nm § wa]uye Q% eflnjmfyjm am T`bae am6ej wa]fl fam auebjm f] uye ax?r:mjnd tl u Îjnl asfqrh alam lr lËj Ðfr wa]flm c]ie `ledwh:s of g:syea `:er:3rh `.jyhrblmfjfe' wb fqf b uy:mC, uyejs axacsjm /am lr.: yhls lËj Ðfr c]iefwcd u we`ø‖l f] aâc%ßnlm wjqf ahlaY :s ojfe'

fam aej le,`nm wfaej au`nm guy:m Q%bmBe`fjm cf:mfjmje f] lËj Ðfr c]ief asò`led wc asn¨ `bjed u uy:m C,uyejs axa csjm /am lr .hjYud feajefTß `øfe'''à

lËj Ðfr c ]ie

adyj

pjmj öû:àmj

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


_7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn=0 a:r a:scÜDejn cqrhò lruq

`bfj `leda

a:scÜDejnd `cr Oefje y:rl m

· ujasler y:rlmà

Õö: cÒ:Ne.`njm B¿un cqrhòlsÃ`â wruqJ chyhÎ,s lr .jmj cq²fjmu],sl ujasler y:rlm :s njfe' `âujasler y:r ÎnqJq lrbmÎ B¿un cqrhòlsÃ`â wruqJ chyhÎ,s lr .jmj cyaqns'

· T:3â ujqAN r:mjnlm

c<uq`fjs tl :uns oqbmBejq am a:sn'

t:hjÎ wcs asys lrjm jm `â `,em`lm T:3â u cqbm.,ne" T:3â u cqrhA r:mjn"u`.m /lfrJnd asn,m, wfòemB l<oqòrieJjm fyjm am lsn,e oqòrieJjm fyjm am f .3J fQ`njm asys lrjfe'

· U`ã `bmd `je .h`djmjâà

G<Ød :ujm .m ys :m :s njfe :ujm tlml tld fean lrj cqbm.,njm tlmll:e lrj cs<s`f<" ys:j cs<s f<" p¿nerdefjmd wluh:m:lm' tM wluh:m: auyröd :ujm Oefje lrjfe" wjslm wnOefje lrjm j jH lsn,e yÒ wh:s `fjmjcq²fjm''à :ujm bjm `bjfe" wjs:m wnbjm `bjm j jH''à :ujm jsQmQãbf wyjm gjmjfe" wjslm wn wyjm gjm j jH''à :ujm ix.u òrl:jn ls%ne örys: l<e" wjslm wn ls %ne örys: lr, jH`jm''à lsn,e yÒ:rylm wh:s `fjmj cq²fjm' .hëulm wh:s `fjmj cq²fjm' tM js ae `â asn¨ `,emla:mfnjm `l`rys `ù:s %n cqrhò lsÃuòe`yeu fhb.:m' t:`led `â `,em`lm`le`yeu chf:3J:m" `lens `bm lr:m"tM `bm js ae :ujmd yejsnlm" :ujm`.m fhvcs<s f<d yejsnlm lr .jm`jm jH'`je .h`djfe lsnjm j tne <Ø `ù:s%n:s`njfe'· ,am aj fqJ:m ò.|nsà cs<sl3,nsà

G<Ø tl :uns `â axae`¿ `lens Tc:l § yÒ weyernjm`.jm alam fqJ

Õö:nlm ,hòjfe jâ"`lam `,eâ jsn whdwhdýò¨f,sjm alam fqJQÃr ,hòjfe jâ" tM ,hòj ln waqons"cs<sl3,m ay.:ns" ò.|ns"wcsÒasòns lsne waq Oujasler`nm n`bjfe'

· urJn jâ jsn:nsà

y:r`fjs tl

:uns urJejq ama:sn'`â urJejq ama:s Oefjef asò `fjm jm :ujm .m urJn asbmB `fj welernjs:r js:r l,mcjelsÃùjm' t:`led:ujm .m urJn asbmb`fj welern js:rjs:r l,mcje l`<e:m:ujm .m Õö`:m :ujmd/l .jmj oH lsnj tl `:m rjfe' ―/l .jmj ohÒ Õö:nlm :sne`.j uu:m wamÙr f] cqbm.,`nlm fys¢ýjm :f uh`rj cqbm.,`nl3d" :f uh`rj`l`jl3d" whns ux u`.m Õö`:m cÒ:Ne.lrjm`jm''à˜ ù`yu asys lrj `ljeduh`rjmj l,sjm l< nq:3 `bm asys lr .jmj wruq,m ujasler :3j TcleÃ `fjfe'

· uh`rjmj l,sjm l< nq:3 `bm òe`yeuns' oqbmBejq am a:s" `ù:s %n" waq On' uh`rjmjl,sjm l< nq:3 `bm `bmQje l`<m oqòrieJjm fyjm am' t:`led urJnd c:m `fjmj l,sjm``frn jh:s lr .: nq:3 ns" `ù:s %n fhånnq:3 ns' urJnd l,sjm re.n jh:s lr .:nq:3 ns" waqon fhån nq:3 ns' urJnd l,sjm `â Õö`:m wöbNef òrh l< nq:3 ns' p:3re¿n a:N wfòemB l< nq:3 ns" lsnj wbyad tjm jm `â Oefje y:r cqrhò lrj caq ìuljs:r u gjmj `lje ö:rns'

· Oefje y:`rjm bfacqre /lfrJn

bfa :sam am w:m `jeyÒj `bnlm :s njfe'ys a csÒasò lr .hjYu"uqyqJ csÒasò lr.hjYu" ln csÒasò lr.hjYu" yq amu .hjYu"i,n cejn lsÃu"weyer .hjYu'''à Gd:m

fve :ujm .m Õö`:mjs:r chf:sn nq:3`bnlm oqbmBejq ama:sn"`ù:s %n" waqon"urJa:sn' `â Oefjey:r" `â wruqJqy:r w`cm Õö:nd/lfrJnlm' tM /lfrJn ybjm jm tM wruqJ :3< wcsd Õf:m `fjmj cyaqf a,a,e§ùjm' wcs :YrJnl<e jâ ud `â

axae`¿ leu aâc:m tce lsn, tM lwcd /lfrJnlm'

· àâ àedq u< uq:% `je :hfrhJq leunlm ujq `,ef jH

axae`¿ leu aâc:m ö¢jfelsnjm jm l3Jq iref:m tlml tl:3

ñulm' ýjsam `,ef gcòJq `l`jlmd"`l< .H`fjm`jm jh:sf" àedq .H`fjm`jm jh:sf" àu .H`fjm`jmjh:sf" wa] Ý u]:% u, ßån l3Jq" iref.H`fjm`jm jh:sf leu aâc:m ö¢jmjoH'à t`yjâ axae`¿ `lens Õö`:m ,hoqJ:m" ri Õö`:m" asdq Õö`:m"l3ueÒleflm fqJ:m" l3uer`nlm fqJ:m `l< .H`fjm jh:s" àedq .H`fjm jh:s" l3Jq .H`fjm jh:s" ò.| yuj`bmf,m .H`fjm jh:s" u, u]:% .H`fjm jh:s leu aâc:m ö¢jmj oH lsn, wcs `:mrhâ .jmj µj'

· l3Jq iref :f c:uq bK

ra c,:3rlm lj`led:m `l<.H`fjfe' ýysÒ aqf|lm wcs ö¢j`ledjyn wamàm :s nj àedq .Hö,e tMl ö¢jm jm' ýysÒ rHcnlm ö¢bm§

whàm :s`nj lò² :hfrhJ whalsjm tMl ö¢jm jm' ýysÒ y~lm wcs wybmÎl3Jq :hfrhJ ljlsjm wcs wyjm jm'lnd cyalm ö¢jm jm ßån `:,m l3Jq :hfrhJ lnlsjm' t`yjâ wcs `:mrhâ.jmj µ`jm wcs ùeld b `â f`.m tllm c:jm jmK lsn,e'

· chyhÎ,s wruqJlm a|ye Oefjey:rlm

leunjm .hj `ye|d l,mcjelr," cs<sl3,m `bm:m tlml tl:3 `fjmjwluh:s `ljed Õö`:m .hj chyhÎ,s wruqJlm yß .jmj cq²fjm' jh:mjâw:ruk. § ys:3 Je:m zjH''' ux ahcö¢jfe' crJ öÎnd Õf:m `fjfeVlsn,e t:`led :ujm .m wruqJwchyhÎ,sns' tM js ae wruqJ chyhÎ,s lr .jmj wfQNnns' oqbmBejq ama:s"ù:m:ep" waqox" urJeam a:s' g:s

gue p:3re rlmLe OslmLq Oe`fNn aY,fe' as,mf:mf fean lrj OslmAqf" t`yujh:mjâ Q% eflne öasjm `â Oefjey:r Oeö: lrjm jm jâ tn :ued /lfrJnlm ,asjm cf:sj ofns tys wbya fjm`jm'

· `l`,am ljmb uh~,jmj le, adyjlm

wcs a:scÜDejn fvjmj cqrhò lrjfelsn,e tl cer a:scÜDejn fvjmj oHwcsd' wcsd :s`njfe nâ caqìulm yß.jmj' Tnjmj µ`jm lsn,e tl cerdTnjmj oH' `leÁpr `bmf,m ,Ham:s lr.jmj µ`jm bK Oeij `yene .jmj µ`jm'br <sclm jâ br `yene .jmj µ`jm'.Ham ,sclm jâ .Ham `yene .jmj µ`jm'Gd cam am Tnjmj `bmf,m :s njmj µ`jm'Tnjmj ½j .jmj µ`jm' aH`yjmj `bmf,m µ`jm' Tnjmj cq²fjm fqJed tl cerdTnjmj oH' wfQN `bmf,m a]ßjâ lr .jmjµ`jm' a:m:3 ljm j jh:s `fjmj fyjmj`bmf¨:m `yene.jmj µ`jm' wjmj tM f`.m aHu `bmld u tn /l .jmj TcleÃfj `bnlm :s`njfe' cdjm .jmj `leduy `l`,am ljmblm tlml cdjm .:m:dlulm jH' yhohns oqbmBejq am a:sn" waq On"urJa:sn fh`vj le, adyjlm yß.jmj µ`jm'

· Îö crnýjm rlsj aY,nlm

Os lmLq Oe`fNn aY,fe' aY,n `ye|d/l.jmj `ljedns `â fhvcs<s f< ÎnqJqlrjmj cq²fjmlu ,hòjm jm' t`yjâw`cm aY,n ùellm bK lsn, ½j`.j tM aY,n wcs Îö cròfd :sn, rlsjmjlhcfqJ `l`jlm `fjmj µ`jm' ùjmj `âQ% eflne :uns u],sl caqìu yß .jm jm ys: tlm:hjm lr .jmj'

· aY,n :3< Oefje 5lm fvjmj cq²fjm

½jm wcs .:m :e:m =98" 5;jm fhål<e u lYn bK lsn,e wcsd z.Jj pl% %nVu:lm lr`.j µl ybjmj cq²fjm'yhohns wcs `â `,em`lm gcòJ .ujm `âfna `fjlâ ùel3:m u g`.j `.jjh:3f tl cerd wcsd lsø`fe:m `â.Jj yb,e `bjmj lsn,e wcsd cq²fjm b `âl ybjmjK ohyh' =" 7" 9" 5 ö:rlm g`.j `.j `fj ùejf:m g`.j `.jjh:mjâ tM :m .Jj yß .jmj oH' wjmj tM f`.m :uns aueænlm ÎnqJq lrjmj jâGd l,sjm l< nq:3 `bm :s njfe' axae`¿cqrefd wcs aueænlm `ye¢jm ÎnqJq lr,jhyh' re." bm øA" ùemyf,d wß< ys:lm :uns wcsd :s`njm jm' aar cqre aueæu:m ys:lm jh:s wcsd tl cerd aueæn wh:s`øñ lsn, ys:jmj oH' l,o, `fjm`j

aY,nns axfrnns jh:mjâ Oefjeflm jH

=4 `fjs csdqfd'''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j''' =4

jh:3f aueæn wh:s lr.jmj u],slcaqìulm wcs yß .:m`:m jh:m:â `âllrjmj oH' tM jsae tM u],sl caqìu yß.jmj :uns as,mf:m ñu fqfuje' tM as,mf:m `lje oqò .3J asys lrýjm" `ù:s %n ÎnqJq lrýjm" waq On ÎnqJq lrýjm" urJ a:snfvjmj µ`jm'

· as`:m ÎnqJqfd :f:m `bm wfQNns

`â Oefje y:r js:r js:r cqrhò`fj öd G<Ød ys: ÎnqJq lrjmjTcleÃfj lerJe lYcnlm oqòrieJjmfyjm am fß<e' :f:m lerJe lYcnlm `bmQje lr,e :s njfe' tM lerJe w`cm Õö:nd òe`yeu TcleÃ `fjfe `âjsfj wfòemB lr .jmj .u`jm §'

`â lerJe lsyscn fß`<m axnq:m:jsle`nm 8-= `ledàm :s nj l3Jm v,snlsnj a]:% `bmQje`ø §' tM l §oqòrieJjm fyjm am `bmQje lrjfe `âa:r a:scÜDejn cyaq fjm ÎnqJq ñucs‖a :f:m lerJe lYcnlm'

· wcs waxfr js ae :fu:m aa`¿

uq,sjm u wcs tl `bnlm chyhÎ,s lr .jmj µ`jm' tM :uns wcsd axfrlr .: nq:3" csÒasò lr .: nq:3 `ßrdq

9lm :s njfe' tM :uns ln" fpjn"as:' `â axae`¿ yhu wcreBnlm u"yhu wl3 a,nlm u asbmB fq Jm l`njm"fpj`njm" ys :jm' wcs jsr`nm .s n:ml`njm" fpj`njm" as :jm lrcq `bnlm jsae' `c%m: `,em l .s n:m l`njm"fpj`njm" as :jm lrcq `bnlm js ae'axae`¿ ahc öjm b:m" òlm öjm`b:ml`njm" fpj`njm" as :jm lrcq `bmf,mjsae' t`yjâ w`cm Õö`:m aard fh`dj"aa`¿ nj `bmf,m lrj" `ßrdq :3j ½jmw`cm <Øns :s ojm`jm'

· waxfr `f,e `ye`rjm le,e

tl TßyrJnlm .uq' wcs ys:uq wcsdwns:s jh:s `bnlm :s njfe' wns:s jh:s lHulm' wns:sler`nem `cmjmj:m jH' ½lml.ujm as :m tM ld lhuh:m:lm TcÎjfe' tM

Îye o,jfe' t:`led w`cm whad ùelb`fjm jmK axfr whalm bK waxfr whalm bK waxfr whalm' ½jm ½lcq weyern½l, ö:rlm uÎ' `bfjqf `le`yd b <xlr .jm`jmK ldd" l,sjm jynd `jmb'''K`ye| c,:3rlm ½lmld cam am ,am ajns"`ye|ns' G<Ød w,m,`.j `ceçvlm gX,:m o,jfe aqf|' ½jm ùellm bwaxfrK jean waxfrns' whans" jeanns waxfr `f,e :s`nj `ljed ½jm `,m as b Îf axfr lr .jmjK wuerhns' tM wuerhluf:m ½j .jmj cq²fjm ys:lm jH ½jm tned' tM ld `ym:3f ys :m weaef:s njfe' ½jm wjqjm a:3 `bm wr`.j`je öuae" `je öpere cÒÒemijnlrjmj" ljmj tned cq²fjm' ½jm asbmBfq Jm ùellm bK `yerlu' `yerluasbmB `fjmj l,sjm asbmB fqJ `bnlm :uns gjmþsn waxfrn' t`yjâ gjmþsnjm axfr lr .:m: jâ `yerlud aâojmBfam:3fd wcs <x `fjm`j jH' aY, axfrnaâcq¿J `fjmj uejasl bsnqJqf TcleÒ`fjfe lsnj tl bhjm Uod `:mrhâ njmjµj'''à

· aY,n cs Òasò `fjm j gjmþsnaxfr`njm

gjm þsnjm axfr lr .:m :e jâ c%eJ?e:naâojmB `bmd <x `fjm`jm jH' gjm þsnjm axfrlr .:m :e jâ leu àmfjnd aâojm B leufam :3fd" cqbm.ned <x `fjm jm f:m jH' gjmþs njmaxfr lr .:m:e jâ fpjn waxfr fj `bmdld wÒjm`jmf:m jH' t`yjâ ln" fpjnaxfr lr .jmj TcleÃ`fj `bnlm :uns gjmþsn axfrn'

· l3ulm b `â gjmþsn waxfrnK

gjmþsn axfr lr .jmj jâ gjmþsnaxfrn jh:s `fj yhí wcs uq,sjm u`:mrhâ .jmj µ`jm' ùejf b `âgjmþsnjm lsnjm`jmK wha" lj" jean" Îf"ln" ujad :uns gjmþsn lsn, lsnjm`j'

· gjmþsn axfrn - :%söB aq pÒ:n a:r a:scÜDejnd nsà

u],sl Oefje y:rd wu:rf ÎnqJq `fjmj µ`jm camfj ler`Jm gjmþsn axfrnns' gjmþsn axfrn ÎnqJq `fjfjâ :s %öB aq pÒ:n aâc]¿J `fjf lsn,el3Jm v,sn a]:% nm § oqòrieJjm fyjmàmfß<e' gjmþsn axfrn ÎnqJq `fjf jâ tne l`njm fhrÎ `fjmj `bjm`j jH'ln Òòj:m l`njm fhrÎ `fjmj `bjm jjH' fpj`njm fhrÎ `fjmj `bjm jm jH'

as`:jm fhrÎ `fjmj `bjm jm jH' as:"ln" fpjn aq pÒ:nd c:m lrjfe' gjmþsn axfr`njm as:" ln" fpjn aq pÒ:ndc:m ñùjm :uns uje`led a:r a:scÜDejn ÎnqJq `fjm jm' ½jm a:r a:scÜDejn ÎnqJq `fjmj wfQN :,m¨flm w`cm Õö`:m :s njfe' `â ùel3:m jh:sfcdjm .:m :e:m a:r a:scÜDejnd oeBl`.evlm ö:rns' ½jm `â l%sne asò `fjfe jâoqbmBejq am a:sn" `ù:s %n" waq Oejq am a:s"urJa:sn fvj w:`¿ aY,n:m `ye|d/l.jsýjm gjmþsn axfrn:m rlsjf jâ:s %öB aq pÒ:n aâc]¿J `fbm§ ½jm tned a:r a:scÜDejnd :,m¨flm :s njfe'

· ½jm a:r a:scÜDejnd wfQN asysn:s`njfe

a:scÜDej Oefje fvjfe lsn,ys:jmj njm j jh:sf as,mf:m `l`jlm oqbmBejq am a:sn fvjfe" `ù:s % as:sjm gjmjfe" waq O ujaslern" urJa:snÎnqJq lrjfe" gjmþsnjm axfr lr`.j asíjfe" :s %öB aq pÒ:n:m cqrjfe' ½jm ln .hj ys:bm§ weaef" `ßâja wh:sfj as:3ö,m,lm ùne Tcbfns bK whns ùne½jm waq O ujasler`nm asíjfe' gjmþsn axfr`njm asíjfe' urJ a:s njm asíjfe' ½jm ln .hj wjfòemB`njml,mcje lrns bK as: .hj wjfòemB`njm l,mcje lrns bK jhyh' tne ö£u .hj"wruqJq .hj wfòemB`njm l,mcje`fjmgjmjfe' t`yjâ chyhÎ,sf u `âldTcler lrj lerJe wdlm :s njfe' `âQ% eflne lenejqcam ajef fvjmj cdjm .:m :e:m wjmj tM `ljed òe`yeucyaq`fjm aqfàm lenejqcamajef ÎnqJq `fjfe' `â Q%eflne `øbjejqcam ajefcdjm .:m :e:m òe`yeu cyaq`fjm

aqfàm `øbjejqcamajef ÎnqJq `fjfe'`â Q% eflne Ý:m:ejqcam ajef fvjmjcdjm .:m :e:m òe`yeu cyaq`fjm aqfàm Ý:m:ejqcam ajef fh`vjfe' `âQ% eflne Bâuejqcam ajef fvjmj cdjm .:m :e:m òe`yeu cyaq fjm aqfàm ÎnqJq `fjfe' t`yjâ wcs `â lerJe wdcqrhò lrjmj uyjmas .jmj µ`jm'

· a:scÜDejnd `cr

wcsd ys:3j jâ wb g|,e a:r a:scÜDej Oefjef cdjm .jmj µ`jlsn,e" wh:m:du lrjmj :s njm jm tMl`jùns' `ye|d aY,n werlmAe lr`.joqò .3J asys lrjmj µ`jm' `ù:%sn ÎnqJqlrjmj µ`jm' waq O Oefjef lrjmj µ`jm'urJa:sn fvjmj µ`jm' gjmþsnjm /l.jmj µ`jm' :s %öB aq pÒ:n cqrjmj µ`jm' a:scÜDejn fvjmj jâ lrjmj µ`j tMílns'

· axfr of lsnj c<sy w`:mà

½jm gjmþsnjm /l.jmj `le`yeu b Oefjeflm fvjm jmK cfjm a,j wfejlm w`:m :s njfejâ Uo yq<x .y .jm jm `lens `f,efdbK ßån tj `f,efdns' U`ã fey`jm :s nj fnsc¿ tl Ujm lr .jm`jm`lens `f,efd bK fham a" òö,m, :s`nj`f,efdns' t`yjâ ½jm wcs `:mrhâ.jmj µ`jm cs %n ujec" `l`,am whöam ajwruqJ u:3 fjfe lsn, `:m rj`ledwcs <Ø axfr Oefn lsnj c<sy :s njmjµ`jm' cs %n ujec" `l`,am whöam ajrHcnlm" y~lm" aqf|lm" ranlm" cyalm" as:sö,m,lm tjmj cq²fjm' c<sy :s`nj`lje tM asn¨ ùe`ye`:m werÊef a,a.jmjfe' tM l js:r jh:s `lje :uns aH`yjmj `f,eflm .sned camàm `:mrhâ

.jm`jm waxfr of wh:s fqJe lsn,e' tM js ae js:r tn c<sylm öÎnd w`:m:s njmj µ`jm'

`âfe Õö: le`,d u waxfrf :soqJq ynlm' ½jm wcs ys:uq Uod gjmjfe wfqrhò=>l cq :lm' Õö: le`, u tM cq:ed UowjqQeaje lr, jH" wffeb lr," fhrÎ`cjmj, §,e jH' .y, ohJ,:m jH'ys:3uje`cd Õf:m `fjmj §, :s njfe'bhjm Uod ys`:jfe `â cq:ef yß .jmj'`,mas bK wuerh bK wuerhns' ys::m wjmj tM f`.m :uns' axfr lr .jmjfe lsnj tl`,mas jH wuerhns' yhohns oH lsn, `j`âlsnjm jm' wuerhns lsnj tlns'''à gjmþsnjm waxfr `fj yhí oqòrieJjm

fyjm am fß<e' cs %n rHcnlm ½lmld cam am lhuh:m:lm wh:s fjfe' wc% ajmj rHcnd.h`djfe' Ujmj µld :uns waxfrñu lsnjm jm' cs %n Qãbnlm whàj`ledweQeflm wh:s `fj`led wc%ajmj tld.h`djfe' cs%n .jmBnlm ½`jj`ledwh`,jfe" wc% ajmj.jmBnd .h`djfe'cs %nujec randwh`,jfe" wc% ajmjra`nm § .h`djfe'cs %n ujec cyadwh`,jfe" wc% ajmjcyad .h`djfe'cs %n ujec as:sö,m,dwh`,jfe" wc% ajmj as:sö,m,d .h`djfe'`â :uns gjmþsnwaxfrn'

· weaef wh:s fjöÎyd ½lml js ae

oqòrieJjm fyjm amfß<e cs %n ujecrHcnd wh`,jm jm tM rHc`nm :s`nj ahc ays:" leun Tcbfj",am aj nhns aâu:" aqjmbr nhns aâu:"`ledam" wjq `ledam"yhv" ced" tM lm csÒcqjm of" `je csÒcqjm of" tys csysëu''' `â aHu `ledam" wjq `ledam weaef wh:sfjwelernd blsj js ans lsn,e' t:`led :uns tM cs%n ujec rHcnd lhuh:m:lm wh:s`fjm jm'

· `je wh,Yu" `je .hëu axfrn nsà

,am aj feyjnlm" w¨`:jm wecq ùeç,m tllm ½lmlyu tM lm :s nj `ledamf,dw`cm whyh òfjfe `jm bK t:`ledzw`jm ùfjm tllm ud:m :soqJ jâVlsnj weaef wh:s `fjfe' cqbm.,`nlm"fam:3flm" `bnlm" tM aHu `bmd u as:whöamàjfe' as: oh`|j jsý:s wruqJq :3< wha :sïùjqns whawaxfr `fjm`jm' tMl axfrlr .jmj jâ tM jsý:s wjq jsý:sf, òffjm jm jh:sf wha

axfr lr .: nq:3 ns' ,amaj `bm½lmle lsne weaef wh:s lr `je `.j asín nq:3 ns' G<Ød tn wf,am ajns lsn,e .h`djmj µ`j:m jhyh' tM rH`cm ½lm`le:m ½lmle ö:rns' rH`cm :s nj,am aj" aqjmbr" lejm: `bmf,mf,d njm jm jhyh' `â uejasl:mfn wcs wh:s lr.jmj T:m aey lrjmj µj'

· gjmþsn axfrn ys:j l%un :3< ns

wâue `l`jlm :ujm . cq:e Îyeo,jm`j ùej öÎnd bK tM cq:Jqfjm `lens :râ lvfaâ fqJ:m :ujm .m cq:e

.hj re.nlm wh:s `fjmj gv `bjfebK gv `bjm`j jH' re.nlm wh:s`fj`bmf,m tM cq:e`.m QÃ`¿ `leÁpr :são:m tM `bmf,mf,d wâue `l`jlm`. whyhòfjm j jH' o,jmj whyh `leÁpr axfrlr .jmjf b lsn,e' ò`flm gjmjfe jâ

:ujm`. În‖n`lens :râ ,am ajfqJ:m tne Îyeo,,e :e:m:e`l`jlm re.nlm wh:s lr .jm`jjhyh' juq:m oeysr auein tne Îyeo,,e re.nlm wh:s lr .jmjfe' :e:m:e tM QÃrn `l`rys re.n wh:sfjöÎyd o,jm`j

jh:sf as: axfrlr .jmjfe' ys:re.`njm oh¢,enjmj `bjm j jH',hÆins" onns"wluh:sns'

· aY, axfrn csÒ aueinlm

wjmj tMwelernd `ceåwn `l`rys ò`flm - cq :lm" aufnàm wn `l`rys a`yembÒnlm - a`yembr`nlm"fhåuy,m `l`jlm

`l`rys wâue `l`jlm - :e:m:e `l`jlm lsnj uejasl:mf`njm o,j`led wha"

lj" jean" Îf" ln" uja axfr `fjfe' tM axfr of wh:s lr .jmj jâ waxfrñu ,hÆieflm" waxfr ñu :ujmd öc:cs‖a cf:sjfe lsne onlm :ujm`.mybf`:m :s`njmj µ`jm' wjmj tM `lje:uns fqfuje`fjm u axfr `fjm`jm' `âuejasl:mfn asn¨ `bje u" asn¨ fam:+jm `l`rys wh:s lr .jmj µ`jm' `:ens :râ aqjmbr" `lens :râ ,am aj" `lens :râ

cs%n ujec ldy~lm" aqf|lm" ranlm"cyalm" as:3ö,m,lm fqJ:m waxfrfö¢jm j jH lsn, gjmþsn axfr`njm fean lrjmj µ`jm'

=0 `fjs csdq fjm'''a:s cÜDejnd `cr''''

u:3 aohkbs'''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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`,ef cf:mje w:sQn ìys aqJq" wýysÒ w:m½lYulm fj urJnwOsna òe`yem `bjed Trhu fjq nm" yh~qâ" fh<cqâ" ìn :h:s .hjYâf,sjm warJOefnd c:mf] `Qem pjYn grJuls' Õö:`nm wfaej ùe`ye`:m § B¿uejql+, f :u Ýjm:jn ù`ynfe.hjYud Ufqyq w`ce`yea:m f:s' tM a|ye B¿uejql+, Tc`bmQnlm ,oe § wamfhas,m,lm ön yhls w`nlm b òe`yem öd <Øce:ljh:' asn,m ,em u lô² w:`¿ asr ñ ò`lm u ls\ oha wh:' byud csdqcH w|o,m cqyqòjm `,eml`nm ::m:mfn tàm fqf b"‶ abmB¿u`njm as:m a:jm aqcyjm lr.:m :6e.: Q% eflne`.m wfaej ùe`ye: ùd ye:mcasjm u `fjam n' `y`:u urJnwOsna § cfe blsjq nm B¿u`nm a:N:efn ns' tM :3<sjm Tcjm chyh§u uq,mlr `.j wOsuejf:m f urJnd uqyqJ §ud`y`:u au:m `fns' tàm ýn njm`jl3`.m ur‖jm u:3 Trhunb `làm jâ yYj tllm fjmj bK

`.!:u oqò aaq jm w.% ßnl f] w`jmcs~q asdq:3ueJjm w:sQnl¿lA lensl òlm `øbje ays: f ½å àm .s,jm ön' juq:m feajefl uy:''à t:3ue`.m wfaej ue`ye`:m § lj fhl3 Jm B¿u àmjeæc:s f] aeÒcq:m: uy ry:jm fyjm am öasjm asò

lrjmjd `nòJq cru .âOYr f] T:3â B¿uejqQeajefls' tu B¿un Q%fJn lsÃùjm Tcjm c% Y:sc%ùemb`njm nq:3 f

n" asdq:3ue`.m urJn asòf]`nm' jsß csìÎnelm ùjm `y`:uuyejqOef aâcjmj `bö`nl3 f Tc: ,hï n'ùu öam:rn wh:3<:m fjm jm zwje6 csJm å`lemfeb a]:%nV

jâ f] w:sQn aqjmbr f] oqbmB `bmQje`ø n' tu a]:%n cebllr`.j w:s c]ijYn lsÒo:m .ev ÞJejjmb amfeùjm fyjm amöasjm cf:mfjmjd nòJq B¿u bmQjeflm wjq aer`njm aâceÎ:zurJn gÎÒ`nm warJ `je ñud jâV jâ abyâ cq am:ln Uow:d c:mfjm jm" :f:m tlm uye`â? abyâ c%leQjnlm `,ans' tùjm u oqòrieJjm fyjmàm fß`<m" wc`.m Õö: `f<e`.j :s oj ire" urJe§ `â asn¨ òl yl3²fe lsn`:e:m tM cxp TceBejamljmBn of ns' tàm jâ òlsjm jsbyam ñudlhu:s Q% eflne cxp TceBejamljmB`nm n6eamfOefn wfòemBl< nq:3 n' tM a|ye uje csífy,lm acnj oqbmB `bmQjeflm fj za:m:ÜDej a]:%`nysV cxp TceBejamljmBn cs<so| fy:m`ce<l wfòemBnlm ,oe .hjYu cs<so| öamý: öam:rnlm gÎÒc:m `fns' tM T:3â `bmQjef b ùu abyâ .%jm6`nm wjm:¿.: f wh:'

T:3â :s arJ`nm /lfrJn ,oe" urJn wOsna warJ jefj wOsuejf:m Õö:nlm Trhulr .hjYud lhu:s Uo T`bae

u n" ùu .%jm6 r:mjn à`jyasjm nq:3 f csÒjhùjm jm'ùu .%jm6n wh:3² asn¨ uye`â? abyâ c%leQj uyùøjef Oefje wacq QeLefjm .jm ye uye`â? o,n,:m w`,öjs nemû:njm`.jm ,oe .: yhl'

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


.s,jqjm a]relj U!AB ieferud fhd oh¢

`,eml c]û: uejfys:feÎne`Jem

uyepe¿n àmjl ìì`, m;;4 fa`¿ `bahâor`nm Î`jl`cmre`b‖n öQmföbNe,`nm auà!LN öbNe cYDnd c<uqfrdce jhØ+ ue `j: .hdq`Jm zuyepe¿n àmjl ìì`,m Qe,efV`,a jâ lrj ,b aqöa,m Qe,efls' tM òdq lmAJnlsjm u`.m u:l`nm wh£ .s`nm ujqANf¿.ne`.m aqoà: T`bae

wc%ueJ lhcñulm asò lrýjm asín §wìryam weler`njm urJnd c:m f] tM àeôrh QY % ,exlslne`.m Õfj c%fE:m:snns'

t`,a Uyq .hj u:ln wfÎ ñ far;0lm glmu nj ùe`ye`:m ay Uyq`.m

urJ`njm far 90lm glmu nj ùe`ye`:m Uyq .hj n<s adyjlm :ojmjd udas:3 Jm tß ue ½j asíned:m fve Uyq öQsAmd ýjs alm of ½jm ue bjmje js ae n'

`,eml`nm cf:mje c%uqL:u ieferulm f] U!AB ieferud fhd o¢jmjd gÎÒc:m ñu js ae tu ieferâlrhfjm w:sjm uure ½ùjmjd wh:s of chfàj àmjlìì`,m jâ f] `â öQsAmd uejfys:fe§``f¸ fE:m:slnejjm`.m Õfj cqf:whr`Xjm jm =17; f¿A`nm `corfeÒ ua9 fhjs ß n' pe,m am ö,snâ ìì`,m yeas,möne inf¿Bj uecsnjmd ßf àmjlö,snâ ìì`,m ù`,ef t<sn òdq øwyx.u l:²`ø § n'

oò,m ,m § u],sl wBNecjn yhbHrHUyq fhåòr wBNecjn cs‖a uyjqfr:%s:mf öbNe,nd wh:3<:m `lÒ‖' ÕföbNe wxQ`nm öQsAmd c%:sC, ,ho] àmjl ìì`,m `le<X ``fbN öbNe,ndwh:3<:m f] w:r ``fbN ye Q,N``fbNwxQf,sjm rjm cblmlâ ,oe .jsýjm" c<uq cjm:s`nm `.!rf aeue¿6nlm b wh:s fUyq TceæBeÒ`nl3 ofd c:m ön' tM f¿A158 § n' =151 f¿A`nm § tx.,jm:`nm tåjmo`rem öQmföbNe,nd wh:3<:m f] àmjl ìì`,m tys § wepe¿n Tceæn ,oe187 § n<s ,lmÎfd chý‖`nm n'

`le<X öQmföbNe,`nm U!AB`øbncs<so| c<uq uyepe¿nfrne f]`nm b`cmre`b‖n öQmf öbNe,`nm ``fbNcYD`nm c<uq cYDeæc:sfrne f] nm bt:3ue n' f¿:uej`nm uyepe¿n àmjlìì`,m Qe,ef csysde wh:m :m tl,t:3ue jfe:hjm `.j así O+ý cÒQ% nm ns' ù`,a lerJe asò `fýjm cf:sjw:r:3r" U!AB `f`<jmbjm `,ef cqre

warJ `rem.Yjm a]re lj of òdq l, `âieferâlrhfjm .jm warJnjm `ãre.jmjd nâ l%u`øbnlm alajmjd t:3ueuq, csrh`ø n'tM .hj lsnjmjd c<uq lsf nq:m:lm :s`ã'`l`jl3`.m `rem.nlm aqfc:m lsÃu cs‖aOeö: lrj U!AB `f<\u" ieferulmfjm jm `làm bK nj chjn Uod wh:s fjmjd cq²fj' tn chyhÎ,s `je `ledwc àmjl ìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm .hjl6e lsÃùjm C,lm jh:'

öQm fea l< b `je l< b `,ef cqre as ò`l`rj uq,m `c`<m ieferu fjm`jm U!ABieferu ns' wö wenqB ye u:m þfN ieferâcfe cf:sjm`jm `â ieferud cs dqcas js' tn as òfjm jm ùàm n' Uo Oeö: lrj U!ABnljsAm cebj csÒfhn ùjm lsysc .3Jnlm fhå

ñulm tys ý, `cjmjqâ lrns' tlY ý, :YrJnlrjm jm `â U!AB `f`<jm bjm n' tcuJlm `jef tlu U!Aên jeun `yf:m tlu U!Aênax`nem .n Uo w:d c:m fj `f`<| jeundwjqf ööB ý, c%ueJnjm`.jm nq:3 `ø' tl u

U!ABn `f<| jeu lsys cnlm nd`:m `f<|c<dcsöàjm`jm nhns as:uq' wjm :¿.: fjm`jm tlu wuq þfN jâ" ,hòjm jm tl u .3Jn jâ

tllm Q: .Jjld:m " w`jlm tMfe rhcs n,m as nbyam .Jjld:m Uod ý, § .jm jd as òfjm`jmwhnsK tjâ Uo uqb,m `.fjq ,ojm`jm U!ABnd`je f `f`<| jeund n' z`c:m: tl jâ`ce:m:d whns fhåcqr `.fjm jm KV ls ne `f<|c%perJnlm caq.sn le,`nm asò f] of wcdu:l n' tM yrye l6e l`<M b `â n6e¿6n un' U!AB`nm whaqrhu" `cjqu" yhvn" f¿JnweÎn `fjam `led" w`,ö c%f¿Bjn yrye`ve,¿ l3Üí öas lrýjm ijc% sn lrf] asn`f<| jeun Ufqyq wcd öl3J:s' Q: .Jjlm fhn `led js cbfj U!ABnd tùjm ba byam .3Jnl uqb,lm wc `.fjm jm `â jsae n' tM `f<ôjm öas jm ,oe `bj frc% aeb `,e,m f] ``fbNfrhjm lrjm jm bU!Aên jeun `fjqfd`f<| jeun `neß cs íjm .jmjd o`y:m js nuls Ãu n' àmjl ìì`,muyepe¿n:3ujm t`rys f]`nm`,ef f,e`.j wh:s ùuU!AB ue*s nefd n' ie:sl U!ABc%:sc:m:snlm ahlaY âwfQN:efn:m" wcdfqfuje U!AB wcr`Ü § u jsAmcebjnlsÃud `neuq ñ`âfqfujef:m `cr½ÒfUyq `,ef c%o,:uieferâlrhfjmd t`rys f `cruqJ .:m`:m n'=14; f¿A`nm § àmjlìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm ay `ßam:r tam' tM 'öl%uasxynjm tlmfie:sl U!AB c%:sc:m:sn ahlaYu whrX]y'=14= f¿A`nm ue¿:3 ua 79 fj Îj tufe¿:ef tfld ‶ ,xle`ø w.% eue:NBqrn gasÀ asÒue`fem oJm verjenluh:s‖nd oer `bj ,§' tu c%:sc:m:snl%snefd jhxñ`â wruq‖jm nq:3 f reiNU!AB jY:s.: axam6ef (Yra Lmojm Ytmth[nmrcmihutaimls Ibrpbrmtabo - Y[I) ìys f] w:r =14= f¿A`nm ahcm:hâo¿ ua 7=

fj ß àmjl ìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm tys c<uq aOec:sfrne fQ`njm c:mlrjq,hì‖' tnsjm whrXqJq far :3jl le,n:3< § ::m:mf`njm `ye| U!AB jscbfe,oe §ùjm rhcsn,m `lemí ==l ö`bmQöjsunlm rd :3< g:sÒ lrñud Uyq au:m ön' `â asn,m, asò f]`nm g:eu:m cyaq`fjm jâ `je `ø' tM fjöd:m U!AB`f`<jmbjm t:3ue f ÿq oh£u wrXe:soq‖' `â ieferu cs<so| `,emln ½jqf:m ñu ay Gd t`rys fjmjd `,ef u tl`cruqJld ñu asn `f<| ue*sne`øwfaejn of Ufqyq ½j asíny' Ufqj`.m o,cHâ `l:râ b n:m =148f¿A`nm § Uyq U!AB jY:s.: axam6e`ø aOec:s Bqr`njm gf:m ön' t`y:m =140f¿A`nm § `je oh¢ ie:Yjm .m auq²f:3<sjm `â `.em,Yn w¿oqbn cs<so| f

uq² uy:m `,eml`nm u wfBejn `neuq lrñud t:3ued yhls ön' tys c%:sC,nlm`,a àmjl ìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm =144f¿A`nm w`c% m,m ua 75 fj ß XOIUME(Xoathe Omtabos Ibo`hrhoih Bo Urmeh &

Ehvhlbpchot) axöBej`nmìNM AmD U!AB c%:sc:m:s ö`QmA{frne `,a c:m lrjq ,hì‖' ùn `,eml`nm auam:U!AB `f<\`â:YrJe:mul ajmæam6ejnlm of l3c%ld `f`<jmbjm b aqc%ld öbmf:3jm b tl àm u ½j asíny' `f`<|ue*snef Uyq yXe tjjsae c% øQâ fjmj nhns t:3ue`.m ý:3 rem u:lm

lr así`nm `â js ae n' t`y:m tM wj:3rh whØñâwOsuqf t:3ue`.m cs<s:3rf] nm" ij:ef `fjq`fjm àmfn lsÃu jsae`fjm ýn .sn`ye:m tM urJn`Q%mAmD urJnlm fj ofns'urJn /.:m ?e:lnjm ÿqoh| tj of ½j ½j:m asn .uj wecaq yhrf] nmàmjl ìì`,m jâ `je `ø'

jf :j:3r:m auØ Uyqd Oer f]`nm wc%slejq rdf, `fàj ò.Y òcmc:m ijneT`bae U!AB c%:sc:m:snlm ahlaYu n' tM `fjq fjm `:er:3rh /am lsÃ`â wí`njm Uyq wc% slejq aâOfnlm ays: ýjs aqjm`fàje í%js vHç" ihùnsle" whjmí.3feweÎ lhÒìnejq ¥c:mf, b axpern l`<m n' tu axper`njm tlm/am l< `:er:3rh:m

auØ Uyq =144 f¿A`nm ahcm:hâo¿ uaw. Oe.`nm Î`jl .njefd chý‖`nm ahcm:hâo¿ 71 fj ß Tlm: auq²fd tufe¿:ef gÎÒc:m lsÃud n' àmjl ìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm `cr Îj`nm asn csÒab auØ tlY fe¿:ef .hj n<s:m frlm aelÁ[e `led jsjmbd .s nm n' tM `,efu wfæ l< T:3â uejfys:fe§ ahoH ‶,exlYn Tber ýjs al3 .m wfajm re:% sn ofls asfl3 `jeu ½j asín b tM T:m:Ã:rýjs ae n<s ls as Îjl wfÎ f]`nm jh:' t:3ue`.m u fpjf,d wjqf `Q%mAmD f] urJnld Uyq ysýlrh`fl3 ön' aqjmbr .nje`ø `remy,m wh|lm u: t:3ue`.m js a, `bmyn :hjmc:m f :soq‖' tys caqìùys f] nm g:eu:m waqjmbr"wfeajefjm: l6efls' urJnd `ym:3f`,a lsnhfq Jm yEbneoeBnlm .hj n' tn amfOeöl f asò `je f] urJnlm of asn,m ,em ybf`:ys bre .:m: b asò f] `bn`â fj `:lm wìryalm u cu‖' t`y:m `â urJn csdqca U!AB ieferâlrhfjm .m rhòrh àfJh,s ahØf wh:s of `jeryals' Uyq .m Oe¿nef wh:3² :s`b`jl3`.m

ayOe.Y:mf`njm .nje`ø `fr< :Yrnl§ `bmyn cs<so| wfajm ldnq:3 asò`l`rj ,§' =119 f¿A`nm ,lmÎfd chý‖"µam Ü%,sne`ø ie:sl U!AB c%:sc:m:s uJm v,`nm c%Bejsne f] `ßam:r yeí"àmjl ìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm .m urJ`njm cfe `je jhf:Y `,efdnyc: abj ù`yfr .hj chfaq`øùfhjmjls' ―‶ ,xlef lô uqòjls' àmjl ìì`,m njq tys oho`<j cyjls' wcs tM cy`jm t<s`njm w`cm rdf, U!AB c%:sc:m:s

alae .:m :uq'˜ àmjl ìì`,m uyepe¿n:3ujm .m wc%:sy: ù`yf`rjm cJ ,oe `âfj öd rdf,m 70l cuJ Uyq`.mU!AB c%:sc:m:sn uhjhöjm o,e:mulfl%sne:mul fj w:r :f:m rdf,m asnnlm cuJ tnd tlØ ñ ööB uÜdâ Uamàm l%sne:mul lrýjm cf:Y' ùn n<s n<s:m aje6 lrjm`jm ýjs aqjm ure ½ýn yhls fqf b Ufqj`.m nyc:m wel,mc ure ½ýn`je yhls of `je `ø bK

tàm juqò lJ.edqfd lrhJ jâ‶ ,xlef :3< àmjl ìì`,m c%:sc:m:Yjm o,e:mul lsÃud wc`.m ce,j:jm:%n w`ce`yea:m ñu n' o,Brnjmjsþeay.: ñu n' t<lsÒ `revq lr"fa tl:3 `led òbeyÒje fa-öacsÒ csílsÒ ue*snef ùjm u U!ABue*snef b Onxlr o]f,m,l3 ùjm ba:

`f,e`.j wh:' `,ef wjm reiNnjm w`cmu ýjsal3 öasjm jsuhf] ùu Qlm:su:mle,Yj c%:sc:m:Yjm o,e:mul `led" U!ABue*snefjmd fhd oh| asn uyij:efwerÊe lrbm§ w`cm U!AB o,Brnjm jsÎfh§u w:sQn `QempjYn ::m:mfnls' Õö:n cfe wfBejud ,lmf :sìn§ ujqAN f¿.ne`.m nyc: cs‖a t:3ue asò l< nq. ù`yfr fbjm l< `jeyhlmlls' ½jqò `f<| jeun `crd `je`.j U!Aên jeu`njm U!AB jsnulrj ``fbNfrhjm .m cdjm `â ue*snef.hj ½jqf:m lrj" tnd t`rysf `rebo¢j asn,m,jm .jm js nemijn fjm`jm uyepe¿n àmjl ìì`,m jâ f]" `,efdnyc: Òas f] tM aeôrh:une`.m cqjre.ujn ns' tfhjmjfqjm ahohöjm uujqAN:mfnd wevâornls'''à

―‶ ,xlef lô uqòjls ' àm jl ìì`,m njq tys oho`<j cyjls'

wcs tM cy`jm t<s njm w`cm rdf, U!AB c%:s c:m :s alae .:m`:uq'˜

pÒ:ecbej adyj

aq`¿jmþ lhcm cí`ce<

ùu ,s csn cs<sokb U`ã wbyam wcd YCY lrjm j;4= ;=> 15 9;

=1`.!:u oqòriqjm .m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j'''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


7;

tM of wha] :hjmys cdjm uye lrhJe y½:s aâoqò uqf

u~,sjm aY:, i, byreflm fjm f .,e yh`,jm`jm `,ef asn¨

òlm cY ve ayuq,sjm u òrh l<e f]wasÒu:m aâoqò wfòemBn cs<so|

öamý: f]" aqjmbr f] `baquls' ―a:m:s â lam ac òeÆIBx.eune aâublmLe:e Oeö:e oyq,Yl:ewOsZmÞn aâòemBen jsãoejen

axf:m:jmV:s'˜ ―csjmf:m lam ac" ue öasjm g:e nyc:m `,acfaj ,bm ß f]" c%.3J lrj ,bmß f]" oyq, fQ`njm ÎnqJq lrj ,bm ß f]" ö`Qm A ÞJn cs‖a b we¿n

a:Nn wfòemBn cs‖a b js fjm wfòemBn cs ‖ab cf:s jmje f] `â òeÆIBx. B¿unjm y:ls '''''˜

tM a:Nejq Oef`njm aqf ön asn,m `rem òlm

ùàm acm: òeÆIBx. jâ f] acm:ue‖lNnjm .hj :6e.:njm fyjmàm `bmQje `led wfajm `l`rjfe:m auØ u tM `baqu uhjöjm wae yqjm uye lam acnjm fyjm am lensl `rem. cY vefjm .jm

aqfc:m f jh.Y asíny' `,ef cru a:NnwfòemB l< :6e.:njm fyjm am tMwfòemB`njm `bmQje lrjmjd `nòJq a:N`nm wejq Oef`njm u tàm ah`Jlsjm asn¨ òlm cY vefjm aujnd c:m ön' `â weler`njm u uye ùe.m.,m,ejuy ry:jm fyjmàm:m" uye pqjmb `:rhjm fyjm am:m .s,jm oöjm T.% f] cYvefjm ö¢ýjm asín § :6e.: njm fyjm am öasjm `bmQje lrjmjd `nòJ acm: òeÆIBx.B¿unjm Q%fJn lsÃù jm aqfc:m Oefndc:m f]y' f`rl :6e.:njm fyjm am .s,jm f fhv asín § b csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm am,e acm: oeÆIBx. B¿unjm aÆIBenjelrjmjd nòJ w:r tl,myY :6e.:njmfyjm am .s,jm oöjm jh.Y así àml' .sÒuejjmb ry:jm fyjmàm .s,jm f asín § wejjmb `:rhjm fyjmàm öasjm ba aZmÞ cs<so| f :6e.: OeAs:n aÆIBenje lrjmjd `nòJ àml'

`bmQjef wfaj .sÒuejjmb ry:jm fyjm am aqfc:m Oefnd c:m f]y'

tM a:Nejq Oef`njm ayuq,sjm òrhñ n :3jmìn

,sÁiñ reiBejsn csysde :soq`Jm u.B

ye `lema, reiNnjm w:r n' Ufqj`.m w.j.rn f] nm öQe,ef ns' aQ%Ylf:m f :so] ,sÁ[ñ reiBejsn cqre uye ò¿OslmAnlmch:sr njmjd ö‖' weyercej òe`yem ysØ f] w:r QY?% njm òem fj `rem. bch:s rjmjd cdjm .:s' `rem. cY vefjm .jm ýjsa qj m Î. sj m Î.d u urJnd c:m fj w:`¿ tM òlmÈ: grJu wha .haqjq wujqAN`nem öQe,e`ø `reb o¢jmjd f]y'ò¿OslmA" `rem. ye wujqAN nj :3jmì`njm wh<,Y .:m öQe,ef àe`yejm csínl amfrHcn gas,Y n' ne.`yemu" cqbc]ie" neÎjs ls asflsjm :3jmìn c<fe yhrh`Jm jh:' wfaj aâue aâoqòrieJjm fyjm am ,sÁ[ñreiBejsnd fhvu lrfe .: nq:3 nhns :YrJn `lÒ‖' cs<s`f:m arh aØ csÒfr auØsjm :6e.:njm fyjm am ,s Á[ñ `bmQno,e fhvu lsÃu wrXjfe:m auØ u

tM :elm chf:s ò¿OslmAn jsue lrfýjm,sÁ[ñ `bmQnd uy fhas whb yh`<jmjdcdjm .:s' u<l3Jq b ays: f] asn¨wcþfN uy uqyqbd `.j njq cs‖a i,byre`fem wyasjm fh.s rjmjd cdjm .:s'oqò ceùelm uye aØ rhfj j.rnd aùc f:m u ýjs aqjmd wrlm `.j asíjY p wujqAN`nem fye c,e njmjd f]y'u< l|jm àm§ .ae`.j `.eam csÒasò f] j.r`nm fhasnjm wujqAN `ßmA b jhaY neu`ym:3 fjm ah`Jjm aqfc:m fjmjd f]y' chjm ce:%nlm .jmfe .:m :6e.:njm fyjmàm r:j a]:% `bmQjef fß`<m gjm caqf n' wejjmb `:rhjm fyjmàm r:j a]:%n u aÆIBenje lrýjm ,s Á[ñijcbn cqre chjm gasýjm fhvu l<àml' gjslmì:s :3jmìn cyf .sn ,sÁ[ñreiBejn `cr f] aQY %l:mf`njm u nq:3 f`.ev jh.3‖'

tM a:Nejq Oef`njmc,fe yhÒjs yhu ìn

oqbmB le,Yj f fhv öa] amfeùjm

fyjm am,e au]ynlm :6e.:njm fyjm am .m wffeb `.j ysue,c¿f: c%`bmQ`nm f] ruŗn fjwrJl fam auebjm f]y' wa,mfhas.âuejnjmyY ýjs aqjm Tjmfyjm am,e`.m fhvuñu `l`rys uy:m a:3dd c:mf ax`?emcam6ej`nm jsr: f]y' aY,.3 Jem cm: f] tM amfùjm fyjm am,e`.m as,m aqf| ba: ch:s`rj l,mys tu fjwr`Jys öuej aeß`.j yqjm fElmA`bmf:efqjmd :f òrd:m Tjmfyjm am,edgy<sjm fean lrjmjd `je yhls ön'öuej wysý ñu js ae lâcefd c:m f] tu`böfrhjm asò l`<m amfeùjm fyjm am,e fìnc:m lsÃu n' Ufqyq je`nl3:m ìnlrhQãb j.jmjd f]y' wbm O+: rHc ufjmjdf]y' wc% ajmj .jmBnjm c:3rhfjmjd f]y'fam le,n wfajm fj :3rh u amfeùjm fyjmàm,ed ùu wldnq:3lâ uBN`nm fean lrjmjd asò ön'

fam cferJn `led n<s fåjmje f] amfeùjm fyjm am,e`.m `cr :so] c% snujec amfrHcn ye:mcasjm u `fjam ñ :soq‖'wujqAN ìn js ae`fjm `â asn,m, asò f] of Tjmfyjm am,e :6e.:njm fyjm amd½jqâ òjmy' töd :6e.:njm fyjm am asò f] `bn cyß §lrŗn ù:m: a]:%n `bmQjel< àml' n<s tu fjndu `.eam ùu aq:3r aÆIBenje `led fhvfean lrjmj nhns b wjq½j fß< àml' tM wffebn cs<s.:m :6e.: Q% eflnjm fyjm am,e n<s tufjnd fhvu `led

`â a:NejqOef`n

csÒ`: m

csÒ:m aÆIBenjef ye aoh¢ g:syean c%e.m ò!bmBnq.nd u Îf njmjls' ie:l l6e ce<s`njm `y<s fjcÒÎ csÒ:m ye aoh¢ csÒ:m j],m weÎn werlmAef cs‖aOeö: lrjq ,ho wh:' oqbmB le,Yj f à:m Qejm:snlm`,a" uje f axöBejn lrj ,b csÒ:m `bmQjeflm chfh:m f] of y<s fjm jm öQe,e uyjqfr :3jmìn òrh lsÃu cs‖aOe.Nf:3jm fyjm am fhvu l< wfam6e`ø n'

,lmÎf csÒ: ye aâojmB c<uq asòñu fe¿:e fjm jm öin l3urh wh:3² we¿nnjm ùys `.evod wfam6e`øn' aâoqòrieJjm fyjm am fß< cÒÎ u:3 oqbmB Qeajn

csysdj ,lmÎfd `.evod tM we¿nnjm yd werlmAefcs‖a alm `böôjm Tcq,mfjm `böôjm ùys tf] of fxQl6ef, a|yjm n' :fq am `fam `.j chý‖ Tcq,mfjm `böô öin l3urh wh:3² csÒa`.m w:mys csÒ:m j],m oh|"csÒ:m chjm ga werlmAef a,ae § wh:' tnsjm `cjY nj w`jlm fhb.:m u lrhJ jâ t`,a ùys we csÒaò!bmBnjm njmj ns'

wjqreBcqr amf¿Jun reiNn ce,j aun f] òdq.huqJq ri au`nm amf¿Jue,s uy aH ròjm .m Be:3jsß`jem:m af`nm § zBâu aÆ®enjeflmV chfh:m f] ofb lsnh`ø' tl, csÒ:m nj fpjn Oeö: `je f]feön yhls n' jh:s jâ ùl, :râ csÒ:m aÆ®enjnijc%sn" aq,O `bnlm `je fjmjd wh:' `làm fqf:m A fj Tc:sam a _ls %' f' 907 - 5;1& reiNnau`nm chý‖ ò¿OslmA ye `rem. ìnlm aujn lrjq fam öQe,e uy jqfr wjmbud u r:j a]:%n aÆ®enjnlr wh:' oqbmB c%:sue fyjm am julm jsufe" tM c%:sue`øbH:m u: ``Q,un ce:%nlm :oe OslmA]jm fyjm am,ecsÒfre`.j ñÎ axpern lrýjm csÒ:m chjm ga :s`ã'gjslmì:s uye fhas whb yh²J of uyefxQ`nm lsnh`ø'AP fj w.m oem _ls%' f' 09> - 045& reiN au`nm b csÒ:mT:m afnlm chfh:mf] of a|yjm n' AA fj àmj _l% s' f'>8= - >>8& reiN au`nm b ò¿OslmAnlm jsuefd c:m lrjq

l3rhJH., nq.nd wn:m b<be asÒ`:m ½lm fj wnqrd wOsjf reiN ce,lnl3 ri ue,s.`nm fean cs‖a chý`Jj öd uye ax? r:mjn,fe csÒ:m aÆ®enje lrfe`.j" csÒ:mchjm gam afewerlmAef ,oe`.j wh:' reiNn ce,lnjm ùàm csÒ`:m à:m Qejm:sn w`cmlmAe lrjmjd wh:m :m tM fjöd csÒ: òe`yem òrd ijcs%n c]ie peÒ:%nlm ofdc:mf :so] js ae ön nq:3 n' b<be peÒ:%f, § cfe tl,csÒ:m Oeö: lr wh:' `lemÜ`Ü chrl3âoe au`nm l<chcs,sne`jm

à,m,scs nm b csÒ:m T:mafnjm .hj a|yjm ñ :s`ã'csÒ`:m öleQjn :3< lhcY c`jj cÒf¿:jnlm asòñ wh:m :m uyjqfr nq.`nm § n' uyenejsl wbyam b`bmf axl,mc b c%o, `,a csÒ:m peÒ:% auØ obmB f] nm tl, n' tu csÒ:m T:m af ysjmò Qejm:s l¿u weÎndò`yöjm auej ön' o,s `:eö,mf, § .jmje oq,:m" jeb¨" l3 a :J" weÎþfNnjm csÒ:l § Oeö:nd .hjqjq w:r `bönjm nh§u b Qãb c]ie chfh:mñu b csÒ:ldw:NfQN aeBl am ah,ls‖'

f¿:uej ,exlsl ò!bmB aueind à:mcsÒ:m l%unw:sQnsjm aùc n' frh csÒ:m" a¿f re:% sl csÒ:m ujm u a:s csÒ:m b ul, asò l`¿' tM asn,m,jm .m w`cmlmAef fjm jm öc:m òrh lrfe"nyc: a,ae .jsýjm`:rhf`jm weQY ¿febn,oe .hjYuns' ,lmÎf we¿nwe.uj`nm cdjm `â blmfe u wvq fhå fQ`njm csÒ:m ye ij Õö: obmBñ :soqJq welernùnsjm .<ce .:yhls n'

cs‖a csÒ:m T:m afnlm chfh:mf] of uyefxQ l:3fruyejeu ysýnjm `cjmfe `bns' oqbmB c%:sueflm `fjqfdwejjmb `:rhjm fyjmàm`.m c%:sueflm ays: f asò l< tM csÒ:m T:m afn A fj Tc:s am a reiN au`nm l< csÒ:m T:m afnd auej of lsnh`ø' tM reiN au`nm § u r:j aq:3r rjmc:mys ,sn] of lsnh`fj w:r tM of t:syeasl`:er:3rhf,sjm b `y<s ñ wh:'``:%jslensl OslmA]jm fyjm am,e`.m ayOe.s:mf`njm csÒ:m T:m afnlm cf:mfe wh:m`:m P fj leQNc _l%s' f'1=9 - 179& reiN au`nm § n' tys wruqJ ñ wh:m :m `rem

ìn òlm c,fe yhÃuns' ,lmÎf csÒ: cs<so| a|yjlm ýysjm:,e a,m,scs`nys b ½lm`ø' tn PA ýysô riq öasjm lrfj ,bmbls' tM au`nm OslmA]jm fyjm am,e jsrjm:r`njm Oeö:nd .:nq:3 csÒ:m `bmQje lsyscnlm chf: wh:s w:r tM w:3Òjm lrŗn ù:m: a]:%nd aqö`QmAY ::m:mfnlm ysý f wh:'uq,m le,nd fve ul, csÒ:m B¿unjm B¿u`nm yhas rjcsÒad òe`yem aùc f :so] of ùnsjm .uN `fns' fxQ l6e wjqf `cjY njm jm `ce`<ejmjrh nq.nfj öd ÎnqJq peÒ:% öæ ays: csÒ:m `bmQje asò`lrhJq of ns' aQY%lf:m uye crel%uoeyq nq.`nm §csÒ:m aÆ®enjefjm `fjq`fjm u cZm pa:m:l ujmÎrnjq fjm `fj u uJm vcnlm :jfe wh:' tys § csÒ:m chjm b csÒ:m j],m b òeß § wh:' jsQmQxlu,m, riq l<jsQmQxl,:e uJm vcn b csÒ:m aÆ®enje chfh:mñucs‖a lrfj ,bmbls' `ce`<ejmjrh l:slef:dwjqf uyij ayOe.Y:mfn wh:3f tl, js:r csÒ:m aÆ®enjefjm asò `lÃ wh:'

bX`b‖ l:slef:sjm `y<s `l`rj cÒbm bjm bX`b‖nq.`nm csÒ: g:e ijc% sn `bmQje l%unlm f chf: wh:' tM wjqf a¿f re:% sl cÒ:% eJ `bmQjefjm .m auerâOnbX`b‖ nq.`nm asò f] of jsQm pn l< yhls n'

òeò csÒ:" csÒ`:m öleQjn ay auei aohkÎnef

cmC,Y .3yef wfd jsykv n'''js aa, n''' uqjsfrhjm`.m auf:sjm fj wrJ bbhyhjm.: ñ wh:s ànls'`l`,am lyíjm ý§ .:m as:m wh:s fqf b lensl cY vefjm .jmnq:3 f òe`yem .s,jm f] oqbmBcq:%neJjm fyjm am julm tM .3ye`ø fhv fean `l`r:s'c% sn Tcbfjmje f] `:miamñ

`cjqulsjm nq:3 tM jslm ,mAY uqjsfrneJjm fyjm am`.m lensl òlmL cY ve uye lrhJe`j:ld aâuqL ñ wh:'

rhöjm b .3‖jm b jh‖jm b :s`,efdu w`.% mAmfr f] tM lrhJe `j`:mysýlrhfeJjm fyjm am ri.y jqfr

`,`yjqjm .m wOn O+ýn f] `ø²fj`nm asd ce asfqrh `.j `â afam l,fhvu lrjm jm cscmC,Y .3yef `f:d n'cjfj ,b weaj`nys fhv yqjm tM uyelerh‖lneJjm fyjm am :ujm fyjm am .m wjqie: cq:Jqfjm öperj àml'

―cs jm f:m lamac" Uod gfasn yhls bKcyaq fjm as íjm jd yhls bK l`nm òlm`øbje wvq ñulm :s`ã bK fhå ñulm `je `ø bK wvq ñulm ubls jmjd ,h`ã bK fhå ñulm `je `c`jm bK˜

oqbmB cq:%neJjm fyjm am uy:m`.!rf`njm nq:3 f cs<s:3rh fßr:s'

―amfeùjY" Oe.Nf:3jm fyjma" ue`.m wajY cngfajmd `je yhls n' cyaq`fjm asíjmjd `jeyhls n' ue`.m lens l òlm `øbje g:e o,f:mn' fhå ñulm u wh:m :m n' wvq ñulm jh:m :m un' blsjm d ,hòjm`jm fhå ñulm u n' wvq ñulm bls jmd `je ,hòjm`jm n'˜

chcs ,snej ‶ aq`jm:%e`bmñ öyerfeaY" wælrJ ye jY:s c%:s axamlrJ wue:NexQ`nm " c%ie cebl ö`QemBj tmll`nm Qeam:%c:s

c]iN Tvqobmbe`ø wamaû amfeýjm fyjmàm

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


7=

hud à:m `øfeà

wasÒnlrŗn ù:m: a]:%n aÆIBenje ledù:m as: c:3rhfjmjd f]y' l%u`njm `böfrhjm .m wujecnjm ohyhr f]

w:r wfaj Tjmfyjm am,ed aY,e§ .3JB¿unjm aâc] ¿J lr .hjYu T`bae`böfrhjm Tfdhjm lrjmjd b cdjm .:my'oqbmB OeAs:`nm .hã f] a:N`nm wjqyasjm tM asn,m ,em bujn f]y'

was Òu:m n tM a:Nejq Oefn''':6e.:njm fyjmàm fjeys `,efd

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ìnlm" :h:s .hjYulm" `,euq vhyh.hjYulm wh:s f] l,mys oqò .3J" byâ.3J" aØ .3J asys lrjmjd nhns lsne:6e.:njm fyjmàm fß`<m tl,myY asn¨ ìn tM lejm:`njm u òrh ñ nj

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oqbmB Qeaj`nm g,lmln fjm`jm asn¨òlsjm jsbyam ñu n' gc§u" `,v ñu"irefd c:mñu" urJn" c% sn `bnsjm `fjm

ñu" wcs %n `bm ye tlm ñu tM lejm:òlm n' axAscm:`njm lsnj l,mys cxp TceßjamljmBn u òlls' tM asn¨ òlsjm jsbyam ñ`â tMlenj

ue¿.n ‶ abmB¿u`njm `bmQs:n'

tM B¿u`njm asn¨ òlmjhasn yhls of wbye`.j"bre`.j asíjm jl3d B¿un

asys l< cu‖jm" Q%fJnl< cu‖jm `,v

òlm" ìn" :h:s .hjYâ ayuq,sjm òrh fnHu tM lejm:`njm u asò fjmjls' ujmb tM:hjh:m:e asys lrjm jm asn¨ òlm jae,jbyulm fj ohöjs' wH: w:Y:`nm cdjm `,v òlmf, §:m" ìn :h:s .hjYâf,

§:m" aqo le¿nnjm whrð`â §:m csÒ:m aÆIBenje `led" csÒ:m chjm f<\"csÒ:m chjm ga" csÒ:m j],m oh| à:lm"Qejm:snlm ,oe .hjYu asò `lrh`Jm tjs ae`fjs'

cs Ò:m amfr`njm öys bjB¿u`nm wjqya

csÒ:m aÆIBenjeflsjm asò `l`rjm`jm :6e.:njm fyjm am .m `bmQjefjmy~ jØe chfaYu n' tM `bmQjefjm :3<wjm:¿.: fjm jm oqbmB" Bâu" ax?nj T:3â `:rhf`jm wjjm: wcÒý:.3J auqßn n" B¿u c¿nenjm :3<lsnhfqJq p:3re¿n a:Nn B¿un n" acm: òeÆIBx. B¿unjm n" jsfjm uØÎnqJq lrjmje f] Q% eflnjm Oefjefjm `,asjm fhån nq:3 f] aZmÞfjm n''''csÒ:m aÆIBenjeflm asò lsÃùjm ùjm u

tn Q%fJn lsÃùjm b uy:m f] wejs axaTcbfe .: yhlm lm tlY wjm:¿.:`nmcf:mje f] öamý:" weQm p¿nf:m" wbmO+:.3J B¿unjm js ae n' a:Nn c%leQs: tM B¿un wha] cu‖jm asn¨ `rem. cY ve" ìn:h:s .hjYâ ah`Jlsjm cyf njm`jm b tjs ae u n' tM aHu fpjnlm ceae u lsnh`fjm jm a¿f{njm fyjmàm .m wfòemBn ns' tM wfòemBn wbye .hjYu B¿un :3<yh¢jm`fjm`jm Q%bmBef lsne n' csÒ:m aÆIBenjeflsjm jsas C, `j<e .jmjdTcleÃ fjm jm b `â Q%bmBef u n'

oqòrieJjm fyjm am .m wfòemBnc%ld fj B¿un asn¨ òlsjm jsbyam ñu cs‖a tM lenj ue¿.n ns nj :snqJq öQmfea`njm nq:3 f] lf`rl3 `yem `øfe csÒ:m aÆIBenjeflsjm w:mö¢jm jm b tM jsfjcs‖a TcleÃ fjmje f] abmB¿u axîfjsn ns'

ahoH oasjm ùu à: ah,àmfeà

jsahl `,a :s arJ`nys csysde asíj Q% efl`nl3d`rem. cY veflm fh<ôjq öd" ìn

:h:s .hjYulm wh:s f] öd ah`Jjm asysfjm jm :% söB r:mjn ns' tM wjm ls asflm jsae `jef `,v òlm" ìn :h:s .hjYâf,sjm cuJlm `jef asn¨ òlmL `ßmujam anjm .jm w:m ý`bjmjd csysd fjm jm `:rhfjöA`nys cf:mje wp, c%aebn of Ufqyq bre`.j asíj js ae`fjs' tfhjm jl3 Tcþfnl § ò`y:mfÜ`demrh u: cuJlm nh`cjm`jm jh:"njm:r ujm:r .3rhlâ arJ njm`jm b jh:" `lmjmbrn `yenjm jm b jh:"lÜdånjm àene òfjm`jm b jh:" o,s `:eö,m jdjm jm b jh:" tM `fjqfd aâoqò uqf u~,sjm .,e we p:3re¿n a:Nn c%leQs: aâoqbmB OeAs:njm asys lrjm jm n' tM ujmbK tM lsasfldf:m aul< `je yhlmle f] a:Nejq Oefn cf:m`jm :6e.:njm fyjm am`.m wfòemBnc%leQs: B¿u`nm cuJlm of Ufqjm bjmje

jsae n' g:e `ye¢jm as: csysdqfe`.j tMB¿un aÆIBenje lrjm`jm jâ" tM B¿unQ%fJn lrjm jm jâ cs %nujec f] leu.3Jnjm `l`rys as: `je wh`,jm`jm n" as :ys :rylm yd `je .jm`jm n"jsÎu:d c:m `je fjm`jm n" as: `jeöas rjm jm n" tM wejq Oef ays: cru a:Nn .hj ahlnlm wh:s `je fjm jm n' tjâ" leuÁ[jmb" fNeceb" ×jýbmB"TbmBÁp l3lml3 Áp" öÝls Á[e nj cxpjYfrJnjm ò¿f, fjm jm n'

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aueænlm blmfe ÎnqJq lrjmjd au¿6f] öd B¿uefòemBn cs‖a as: jhùnns' asn¨ òlm lmAn lrje B¿unlm aÆIBenje lsÃ`â b Q%fJn lsÃ`â b w.% C,n fj asn¨ òlsjm jsbyam ñu aelmAe:m l< yhlm`lm tM weler`njs' :6e.:njm fyjm am .m T:3â ‶ uqL oqbmB `bmQjewfaej`nm Q% eflnjm fyjm am,e asn¨ òlmjae wry:mfnd c:m f] nm tM weler`njs' csÒ:m aÆIBenjeflm njq ah§ chyh§l< nq:m:ls' T:3â B¿uefòemBn g,lmllr`.j asò l< nq:m:ls' `,ef `je`nlm Uaq :soqJ b asn¨ `,v aqf lrje byâUaqf ye au Uaqflm jh:m`:m n' tM Uaqff<\ `l`,am `,v yhu aqf lr`.j"

Îrhâ fhjaqâ jh:s csÒjsfjd c:mfjmjd aâoqò Q% eflnjm wÎdjm lr.: nq:3 n'csÒ:m aÆIBenjeflm njq tM `fjq`fjmuyØ3 ux`c:m öfr lrje T:3â abmB¿ubenebnls' asn,m`,em u ù`,ef" cr`,efys:aqf cs‖a cf:sj" nyc: a,aj"js ¿feJefòemBnd Tcler fj csÒ:m B¿unjm uhjhöjm `ba:mfeà uhjhöjm wa:mfeà

tM was Òu:m aâoqò `baqâ asn¨ òlmìn òr,jm jm u n'''

tM a:Nejq Oef`njm ahud à:m `øfeààà

cs Ò:m csjmlâ oqòriqjm öasjm `baj ,b wh:hâ a]:% wh:3<:m

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ùl, csÒ:m csjmlâf, § `bönjmd uq,m :hjlm ,hoqJq of `c`jm' wb:m blmjd ,hòj .âOer `böned cyjlm

:oe csÒ:m csjmlâ whrð`â asÒ: uyjqfr nq.`nm asdchf: tjmjls' ñrcrel%u j`¿jmþasxy riqd fh,ôJq wham `rem.nld c%:sl¿u fQ`njm r:mj:%n`nm ay `bönjm .m werlmAef a,ae.hjYu a|ye uyjqfr `cemnu² öyer`nm § a:scsÒ:m `bmQjnlm cf:mfj ,Î' wb:m a:scsÒ:m `bmQjefl § wfaej`nm lh`rj asn¨ u peÒ:% öæ`bönjm ye aâojmB `led :sòjm jm tbe l< wnqrh u n'uØ3,m òr .ae `bönjd wereBjn lsÃu csÒ`:m wfQNwx.nlm `,a a,lj ,Î'

`berlv wamjcÒ:% eJ B¿u `bmQj`njm asò lr.:m csjm `bönjd

wjq uembje lsÃu a|ye `bmf ¥:nl3 w: c‖övnlm nhñu:mtm a|ye chý‖n nq:3 bönjm ay Ufqjm fean lrj asnü öyeram6ejf, ay `bmfeam6ejf, jâ wh:3<:m öyerwamj jâ `bmQjnlm chfh:mñu:m whrXq Jm ùl, n' uy

`cryÒjm wa, :s oj öyeram6ejnld yem`bmfam6ejnld yem nj `bmf ¥:ne wecaq ö:m :ue .sn leÒn gdq f] of:m" asn¨ bönjm u aycsÒfÒjm csjm .hjYud chý‖ of:m" uy aØj gÎÒcsd § uJm vc`nm `berdqf <Ø asd

cfans' berlv wamj jýjm wb:m fNfyerlrjq ,ojm jm ùnns'

wjqQeaje wamj tnd caq fNlm: OslmAqfl öasjm tys chý‖ne nhns a,ljq ,oj `bönjd csjm §u a|ye wjqQeaje wamjjâ `bmQjnlm cf:mfjq ,h`ã' uyjqfr nq.`nm rÝ: `â`berlv wamj ye wjqQeaje wamj ùjm u öyer wamj bnj rpje:%n u fE:m:.jmæ ``Q,s njm nqlm: n' `â `berlv wam jys ay wjqQeaje wam jys bl3Jq gjmÎne `böfrhjm`.m ay µ,jmb" crx.s weÎ wcrÎ.rdf, `böfrhjm .m b werlmAef wnhb :sòj of`c`jm' Uçå" få. weÎ fQ`njm ½lm fj bl3Jq gjmÎne`böfrhjm ò!bmBnjm `je f] juq:m Ufqjmd b csjm §udwbyam `led wh:m :m Ufqjm `l`rys chf:s ½å Olm:snjs ae n' ùys § ah,lsn nq:3 lerJnjm fQ`njm a|yjm lrjmjd wh:m`:m uyjqfr nq.`nm o,aâcjmj `bö`nl3 fQ`njm wbyjq ,ho] c:m:sjs wjqQeaje wam`jys yem `berlv wam jys `yem wu:l `led yhÃu n' ùn wu:llsÃulm u `je `ø' c:m:sjs ay cjâ nj `böfrhjm `b`bj u csÒ:m csjmlâf,d wlhu:s of tl, OslmA]jm .m wbya ön' uhb`.ev c:m:sjs `b`fe, wa, csÒ:m csjmludnHud OslmA]jm wa:3dq f] nm tys c:m:sjs uH‖njm .m o,n wh:hns ah,l+ `ynsjs' tàm u àe<Y l3uer `böìjm:hjm jm csÒ:m lsn] ahdjulm uhbd yrlm whdnlm bue tm OslmA]jm .m U² tld .de ure `,m ï oflm chfàj`ynsjm ìjm:hjm jm csÒ:m lYud OslmA]yq uh<s f]y' `â àe<Y l3uer" t<er`.m cq:% l3uerne faq chíne uhÃ`â frÎjm csn riq öasjm urj ,ò f nll3 f Tcjm of ah,`l::m Uyq cs<so| f öam:rn wjqf `c`jjm`jm Uyq b uq,sjm a|yjm cjâ `bö u of n' cjâ `böne b OslmA]jm ahdjulm uhrH of lsnhö‖' wb:m ìjm:hjm jm ay :ujmlvq ø csÒ:m lYud OslM A]jm uh<s fjm jm ùeyqd wh:s ìn js ae n' toô

:hj Ufqjm wjqQeaje wam`jys làm a|yjm l< yhls bK ùys § wjqQeaje wamj rpjn l< :hjh:m:e l<o,f:m fhrhbmblm jâ bl3Jq gjmÎne`ø rdf,sjm chý‖wujqANnjm ò!bmB `bönjm fQ`njm ah,lYu ns'

wedejeín wjqQeaje wam jjm caq c%leQ fjm jm wedejeín a]:% `bmQjef n' OslmAq" OslmAqŗ" Tceal" Tceasle nj asfqfjlm csÒad wujqANnjm `.jm fj Tcþf f<lmfe.hjYu a|ye a:rfrâ `bönjm `fjq fjm ``fQ%fJneoqòròjm yd chfa]`nm nhns lsnj `â a]:%n whaYudýjsaqjm c% sn lrjm jm ùys nl3jm t<ñ`â o,nlm wh: njöQmfean js ae n' tl, OslmA]jm b ùn `bmQje `l`<m uy:m ìnlsjm ay `.!rfnlsjs' auyr nl3jm `â `bmQjefchfh:mñud l,sjm `bmfe,nc:% `cryhr öyeram6ejnd<Øe fj öd oJuvqf .sjs ,e öjeQ l< oflm c% asbmB`ynsjm :fu:m Q% Y ,xle`ø wh:hâ c<e:mf, `bmfe,nc:%

`cryr wecaq öyernd tj öd `bönjm`.m jeu`.em:% wh:3<:m uyeaun a]:%n `bajq ,h`ã' csÒ:m csjmlâf,d wh:hâ `bönjm ay nl3jm wujecfj of c% asbmB `led wh:m :m lcqfjm ay nlm`bam ajm nhns chyhÎ,s f u `c`jm' csÒ:m csjmlâ a|ye byam .JjmàjØ wh`bj l, lcqfjd:m nlhòrjm yd:m wfeas `.j`bm' tàm u r:j a]:%n weÎ a]:% Õfâ `led werlmAef a,ae.hjY ujm :ujm .m Õfj l%und cyr fh`b:hns ah,l+ `bmfOlm:slnjm tnd b örhbmB f c%,ec `bvf] ofcy: a|yjm lö`njm `y<s `ø(

―ahdlm lcmcfe aY Ò oqÎjm `jm aØ ahd jul3:m tl:hjm `fjm `jm t:hj cdjm ,lman cqrfjm `jm `.ejm .e`:m tm uhbd bujm `jm˜

cjâ `böne öasjm lrj ,½ns lsnjq ,oj `âl% snef jsae wb:m OslmA]yq r:j a]:%n ,lmAnlm fr ic

lsÃud wlhuh:s `f:s' tn aâc] ¿J lsÃud `je yhls nnjq Ufqjm .m wbya ns' ,xle`ø wb:m chfh:m fj `âcsÒ:m csjmlâ l%un uq²ujsjm u fe`.m ysjmò ye uyenejl%uf,sjm csÃ :s`ã'

tß csÒ: - arJxlr ax?rei au`njm'''uyepe¿n cJmå: c]iN `led.u feÝam ar amfeùjm fyjm am

whaqr - arJxlr ax?rei aun

csÒ`:m adyj

gkòjs,m öl%ua] Òn

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


l, Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm ahfh:m jqfr `Æ:fjereun jâ f] w`jmcs~q asdq:3ue`.m wereu`nm fhv

así àml' :6e.:njm fyjm am OslmA]jm fyjm am,e wu:e ùàm

fß< aml'cxÝ`â OslmL`ø wefrJe jYfrJe

`Á:àem wÆ®erhye cZmÞnòão,YlrJe' l:`â cxpK

―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" l3 a,m uØ wfqre`.jasíjmje f]" as: uh~`.j asíjmje f]"c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f]" `â jYfrJ`nem cylm `fns' l3uj cylm b n:mK˜

―leuÁ[jm bem OslmL`ø wefr`JemjYfr`Jem `Á:àem wÆ®erh`yem cZmÞnòão,Ylr`Jem' fNece`bem OslmL`øwefr`Jem jYfr`Jem `Á:àem wÆ®erh`yem cZmÞn òão,Ylr`Jem' ×jýbmBxOslmL`ø wefrJx jYfrJx `Á:àemwÆ®erhyx cZmÞn òão,YlrJx'TbmBÁp l3lml3Ápx OslmL`ø wefrJx

jYfrJx `Á:àem wÆ®erhyx cZmÞnòão,YlrJx' öÝls Á[e OslmL`ø wefrJejYfrJe `Á:àem wÆ®erhye cZmÞnòão,YlrJe'˜

―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" leuÁ[jmbn njq l3 a,m uØ wfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as:uh~`.j asíjmje f]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmjef]" jYfrJnls' fNecebn njq l3a,m uØwfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.jasíjmje f]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f]"jYfrJnls' ×jýbmBn njq l3 a,m uØwfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.jasíjmje f]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f]"jYfrJnls' TbmBÁ[ l3lml3 Ápn njq l3 a,m uØ wfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.jasíjmje f]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f]"jYfrJnls' öÝlsÁ[ef njq l3 a,m uØwfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.j

asíjmje f]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f]"jYfrJnls'˜

leuÁ[jmbn njq rHc" Qãb" .jmB"ra" amc¿Q nj leu .3Jnjm cy `l`rys

:ue`.m as: wh§ nj.:sn n' fNecebnnjq rHc" Qãb"

.jmB" ra" amc¿Qnj leu .3Jnjm cy `l`rys :ue`.m as :m wh:sfj .hëun' ×jýbmBn njq a:r a:scÜDej`nm`je `n§ucs‖a lenslfye uejaslfwh:sfj `f`ya:m"w,alu:m n'TbmBÁp l3lml3 Ápnnjq as: `je`nlm wruqJqf, öasrchf:Yu:m" nâ nâlrhJq .hj :ue:3< wh:s lr.jmje ahlnjm ùjm u

caq:hñâ n' öÝls Á[ef njq :ue wjq.ujn lrj abmB¿un .hj chyhÎ,s ½jYulm `jeuh:s ñùjm am×r js.ujnldchýŗud `je yhls ñu js ae wh:sfj ahl ays: of ns'

:6e.:njm fyjm am ùàm fß< àml' ―àem f:" OslmL`ø" OslmLq g`â cxpwefr`Jm jYfr`Jm `Á:àem wÆIBerh`ymcZmZen òão,Ylr`Jm wcmcyen"wo,en cZmZen òão,en w:m::m6xfe Zam a:s cr:m6x fe Zama:s TOn:m6x fe Zam a:s T:m:Òx feujq am aBâue w,uÒnZeJbamajöàm ax

aÁólÒam a:Y:s `jm:x Dejx öÆi:s'˜ ―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" nâ OslmAqflm tM lejm:`njm l3 a,m uØ wfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.j asíjmje f]"c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f] `â jYfrJ

cy òrh `je `led" wo, òo, ñ .snc%Ô`fjm :ue`.m nyc: bhj.jm jm n"wjqjm`.m nyc: bhj.jm`jm n" :ue`.m:m wjqjm`.m:m nyc: bhj.jm`jm n" ujqAN.3JB¿uf,d fve T:m:Ã:r f] we¿n f]

ZeJ b¿Qj ö`QmAnlm wfòemB lrjm jm n njmj asbmB `je fjm`jm n'˜ Oe.Nf:3jm fyjmàm `â lerJnTcueflsjm blmfe fß< àml' ànN6ecs" OslmL`ø" j§ cão`:nNe¥rx.ue aY?àem:e yeryeÒjY' :am aecqÒàem TO`:em jx.,uqLejs öf`rnN'

tM fxys àem" OslmL`ø" uÆÌî jÎneàem`:em ölmÈ:m :em öa`dem oNeÎjm`jem j `Áf ¥rx.ùem wam a j aY ?àem :em j yeryeÃ' tM f`âf `Lem" OslmL`ø"

àem f: OslmLq g`â cxp wefr`Jm jYfr`Jm `Á:àem wÆIBerh`ym cZmZen òão,Ylr`Jm wcmcyen"wo,en cZmZen òão,en w:m::m6xfe Zam a:s cr:m6x fe Zam a:sTOn:m6x fe Zam a:s T:m:Òx feujq am aBâue w,uÒnZeJbam ajöàm ax

aÁólÒam a:Y:s `jm:x Dejx öÆi:s' ―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" c¿f:nlsjm yd.jmje f]" òr .ujm lrjmje f]" fyeoha njmje f]" /`.j ne nq:m: /`.jnjmje f] .x.eflm `ø b" nâ cqrhA`nlm tM .x.e`ø `bca i, ue¿. `ßrdq öfrlrjm jm b" csjmf:m uy`Jjs" tàm fjödu .Ø uhb i, cyr wfq,m ñ" öasr `.eam"`bcad wh§ `.eam" òrd .ujm lsÃulm `je fjm jm n' fye oha `je njm`jm n'/`.j ne nq:m:lm /`.j `je njm`jm n' csjmf:m uy`Jjs" tM cÒbm bjm u tM OsIAqf tM lejm:`njm l3 a,m uØ wfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.j asíjmjef]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f] `â jYfrJcy òrh `je `led" wo, òo, ñ .snc%Ô`fjm :ue`.m nyc: bhj .jm`jm n"wjqjm .m nyc: bhj.jm`jm n" :ue`.m:mwjqjm .m:m nyc: bhj.jm jm n" ujqAN.3JB¿uf,d fve T:m:Ã:r f] we¿n f] ZeJ b¿Qj ö`QmAnlm wfòemB lrjm jm n njmj jâ asbmB `je fjm`jm n'˜

àem f:" OslmL`ø" OslmLq g`â cxpwefr`Jm jYfr`Jm `Á:àem wÆIBerh`ym cZmZen òão,Ylr`Jm cyen" o,f:sne

cZmZen w:m::m6x feZam a:s cr:m6x fe Zam a:s TOn:m6x fe Zam a:s T:m:Ò fe ujqam aBâuew,uÒnZeJbam ajöàm ax

aÁólÒam a:Y:s Dej`â:xöÆi:s'

―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" nâ OslmAqflm tM lejm:`njm l3 a,m uØ wfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.j asíjmje f]"c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f] `âjYfrJ cy òrh lsÃùjm"o,f:m f] c%{e`fjm :ue`.m nyc: bhj .jm`jm n"wjqjm .m nyc: bhj.jm jm n" :ue`.m:m wjqjm .m:m nyc: bhj.jm`jm n"ujqAN .3JB¿uf,d fveT:m:Ã:r f] we¿n f] ZeJb¿Qj ö`QmAnlm wfòemBlrjm jm n njmj asbmB

fjm jm n'˜

o,f:m f] c%{e`fjm :ue`.m:m"wjqjm .m:m nyc: bhj.jmjd au:m jYfrJ òrh lsÃu .hj Tcueflm :6e.:njm fyjm am öasjm ùàm fß<àml'

ànN6ecs" OslmL`ø" j§ cão`:nNe¥rx.ue aY?àem:e yeryeÒjY' :am aecqÒàem TO`:em jx.,uqLejs csb`ynN'

tM fxys àem" OslmL`ø" uÆÌî jÎneàem`:em wölmÈ:m :em wöa`dem woNeÎJm Jem ¥rx.ùem `Áf wama

aY?àem :em p yeryeÃ p' tM f`âf`Lem" OslmL`ø" àem f: OslmLq g`âcZm p wefr`Jm jYfr`Jm `Á:àem wÆIBerh`ym cZmZen òão,Ylr`Jm cyen" o,f:sne cZmZen w:m::m6xfe Zam a:s cr:m6x fe Zam a:sTOn:m6x fe Zam a:s T:m:Òx fe

ujq am aBâue w,uÒnZeJbam ajöàm ax aÁólÒam a:Y:s Dej`â:x öÆi:YV:s'

―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" c¿f:nlsjm yd.jmje f]" òr .ujm lrjmje f]" fyeoha njmje f]" /`.j ne nq:m: /`.j

njmje f] .x.eflm `ø b" nâ cqrhA`nlm tM .x.e`ø `bca i, ue¿. `ßrdq öfrfajm jm b" csjmf:m uy`Jjs" tàmfjöd u .Ø uhb i, cyr wfq,m `jeñ" `je öasÃ `.eam" `bcad wh§ `je`.eam" òrd .ujm lrjm jm n' fye ohanjm jm n' /`.j ne nq:m:lm /`.jnjm jm n' csjmf:m uy`Jjs" tM cÒbm`bjm u tM OslmAqflm tMlejm:`njm l3 a,m uØwfqre`.j asíjmje f]" as: uh~`.j asíjmje f]" c%Ôf ò¿f, lrjmje f] `â

jYfrJ cy òrh lsÃùjm" o,f:m f] c%{e`fjm :ue`.m nyc: bhj .jm`jm n"wjqjm .m nyc: bhj.jm jm n" :ue`.m:m wjqjm .m:m nyc: bhj.jm`jm n" ujqAN.3JB¿uf,d fve T:m:Ã:r f] we¿n f] ZeJ b¿Qj ö`QmAnlm wfòemB lrjm jmn njmj asbmB fjm jm u n'˜ ns ùu`bmQjef asò `led fß< àml'

ùu cxp jYfrJ B¿unjmd weyerfjm`jm lfr B¿unjm ½ns Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am axnqlm: jsle`nm òeÆ®x. axnqlm:`nm wh:s len a]:%`nm § fß<àml' j]cjm leuÁ[jmbn gc§u cs‖a:m"Tcjm leuÁ[jmbn òe`yem ànsjm fhåñu cs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m weyer fjm jm aq Ojsý:m: _wruqJq .hj aqO yhínd as:Yu& n' tys ,e oyq,fQ`njm jqjqf‖jm ù`jys lsÃulm whbmb"

j]cjm leuÁ[jmbn gc§u cs‖a:m" Tcjm leuÁ[jmbn òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñucs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m tnweyer fjm jm n'

j]cjm fNecebn gc§u cs‖a:m" Tcjm fNecebn òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñu cs‖a:m"fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m weyer fjm`jm cí? jsý:m: _:ry wh:sfj lrhJ& n' tys ,e oyq, fQ`njm jqjqf‖jm ù`jys lsÃulm whbmb" j]cjm fNecebn gc§ucs‖a:m" Tcjm fNecebn òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñu cs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m tn weyer fjm`jm n' j]cjm ×jýbmBn gc§u cs‖a:m"Tcjm ×jýbmBn òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñucs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m weyerfjm`jm wr:s _l3 a,m byâf, as: `jewh,Yu:m&" :jmÎ _w,alu:m&" öiâOsle

_wHjqâ wÒýjm whØuh,s lhéu:m&" O:m:aâu`bem _o:m u:n:m&" `Á:àem p,Yj:m:x _as :m yhls²Jq of:m& n' tys ,eoyq, fQ`njm jqjqf‖jm ù`jys lsÃulm whbmb" j]cjm ×jýbmBn gc§u cs‖a:m"Tcjm ×jýbmBn òe`yem ànsjm fhåñu cs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m tnweyer fjm jm n' j]cjm TbmBÁp l3lml3 Ápn gc§ucs‖a:m" Tcjm TbmBÁp l3lml3 Ápn òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñu cs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñucs‖a:m weyer fjm`jm `Á:àem wf]caùem_as`:m `je axas£u& n' tys ,e oyq,fQ`njm jqjqf‖jm ù`jys lsÃulm whbmb"j]cjm TbmBÁp l3lml3 Ápn gc§u cs‖a:m"Tcjm TbmBÁp l3lml3 Ápn òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñu cs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m tn weyer fjm`jm n' j]cjm öÝls Á[ef gc§u cs‖a:m"Tcjm öÝls Á[ef òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñucs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñu cs‖a:m weyerfjm`jm öÝls Á[eÜDejYne Bâue _oqbmBebYwd:hjm `l`rys wh:s ahl`njm feanlsÃuns'& tys ,e oyq, fQ`njm jqjqf‖jm ù`jys lsÃulm whbmb" j]cjm öÝlsÁ[efgc§u cs‖a:m" Tcjm öÝlsÁ[ef òe`yem ànsjm fhå ñu cs‖a:m" fve:m fhå ñucs‖a:m tn weyer fjm`jm nhns Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am öasjm `bmQje `led fß< àml' n6e¿6n fdye.hjYud `je yhls cÒÎwruqJqf,d uq²ujsjm u faØ lrfe,j"jqfJha jh:s lr buj" wÔj Oef`nm .s,mfe buj" abmB¿un wfòemB lsÃ`âyhlsnef jh:s lr buj" òl u Tcbfj`â cxp jYfrJ B¿unjm c%yeJnlr`.j `â wjfre.% axaer`njmcÒc] ¿J f jsbyam ñud wc ahud Oe.NnTß øfe''''ààà

cxp

jYfrJB¿u`nem'''

l3 a,m uØ wfqrj leuÁ[jmb" fNeceb" ×jýbmB" TbmBÁp l3lml3 Áp" öÝls Á[e nj cxpjYfrJ B¿unjm cs <s o| f" jY frJ a]:%n ye len a]:%n whaq`rjm alaj ,b ,scsnls '

uyùøjef Oefje wacqfeaY amfeýjm fyjm am julm öasjm aâceÎ:ns

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7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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as :m chyh§u:m tlmf] js ae u ns'w.% f] csjlm lrjmjd wfam6ef

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aaqjl § u ýawoqbm Bem:mceb

le,nl w.% f] csjmC,`j<jmjd `je yhls n'

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Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am fß`<m Õfuej aâoqò riqjmd lrj c]ieflm àm a,lelrj c]iefjm .m auöcel wh:s ofns'le,nld aYue f] B¿unlm `je fj jsae tM lrhJ `â ùe`ye:d:m" wje.:nd:m

tcÒbm`bjm u f,x.3 `ø' tM `,ad uoqòriqjm c%uqL we¿n uye aØrhfjd `bjßjn b uy:mC, n" uyejs axa n' öle, Òemij`njm fh<lYÎöysý`njm as,m /l`.j fean lrje

:6e.: Q% eflnjm T`bae l< yhls ax`?emcam6ej u n c]ie`fls" .s,jmcac]ief' Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am öasjm u wjq½j fß< wAmdcej c]iefjm.hj wc wae wh:' `â cejnjm wd

.hj:m" .s,jmca fQ`njm alae.: yhls w`jl3:m cejnjm .hj:m

a|yjm fjm jm öjn csdlndwn:m uyef.m. ce<sn jâ T:3â.%jm6`nm n' wc`.m Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am

OslmA]jm fyjmàm,e wu:e `â wnqÒjm tMcs<so| fß< àml'

―uy`Jjs" wX chjm" bX chjm"whd`là,m chjm" uam là,m chjm" ùchjm" ýÎ chjm" µ¨ chjm" òer¨buqjqchjm nj wdfhbHrhâ chjm wjqbjsý'uy`Jjs" BejN C,ran yhr asn¨C,ra wjqbjsý' uy`Jjs" cs a] c,e`le< ran yhr În ye uqaq ledýÒle.:m asn¨ `le< ra wjqbjsý'uy`Jjs" ùcqcmran yhr asn¨ u,mrawjqbjsý' uy`Jjs" Tlmran _Tlmgamu&wjqbjsý˜

tàm jâ nâ:elm c,:3rh wh:m b tM asn¨ c,:3rh nqAÎn ye uq aqlr

oqòriqjmd c]ie lr.hjYud wcdyhlsnef wh:' .s,jmca" c]ie lsÃu a|ye cyaq`fjm ye lmA‖lf aeß.:juq:m .s,jmca ahlaY â § ah,lsn nq:3 lerJe lsyscnlm u wh:'

cejn alajm jm ýjs am auei`nm `fàje w.% f] csÒa fj :6e.:njm fyjm am c%uqL we¿n uye aØrhfjT`bae ohöjm csÒasòlu .hj ö`QmA`njm ah,ls,su:m ön nq:3 `ø' .s,jmca alaj am6ej`nys Tvqönjm oh| :sïu nyc:m n' cejn alaj csÒa oqò.3J ù`jys lrýjm fhv`nys jsr: ñu cejn uje`,a:m" `.!rfejmö: `,a:m alae.hjYud Tbø `ø' òe`yem c,:3rh lE:%suf gbñu f¿:uej`nm oyq, f asòfjohöjm amfeOeölf gòj jhfqâ c,:3rh`:emre .hjYu `l`rys wfBejn `neuq l<nq:3 `ø' cejn ahlaYud `neß .jmjei,n T:3rfe jsfe .hjYùjm wj:3rh f

`cre Oeö:n aqòaq n' wfQN cuJd aYjs ay ¨Jq `neß .hjYùjm caq c,:3rhf,`l¢ weÎ lho,s ays: `bm gf:mñu cs‖ajhf: `cre.: nq:3 `ø' ö`QmA`njmu öle,`nm §:m c]iefj ohöjm cej`nm lho,s uq aq `je ñud w:sQn öuas,su:m ön nq:3 n' f¿:uej`nm cÒÒemijndwh:s weyernjm .m .3Je:mul of cy<`.eam wh:s ohöjm .3Je:mul w:sjm Taam c,:3rh ye `le< nqA `:emre .hjYu aqòaq `ø' cejn alae .hjYùjm wj:3rh fc% ajmj f] ranlm :s ã½ns cÃlmAe lsÃufë' tnsjm .s,jmca gô,m `je `ø' uq, asd u uaqrh u, òrhlrýjm g:eQ%bmBe`fjm nq:3 f wc öasjm alae .jmjd`nòJ .s,jmca c]ielr.jmje ùe`ye`:m §:m tM as: tM weler`njm u /l .: n',am aj u,mlrh`flm ,amaj ,am aj u,m `j<jmje àm `.!:u oqò aaqj :3< wc

öasjm lrjmje f] weýa c]iefjm w:rdwAmdcej ays: .s,jmca c]ie`fjm b csjm /amlr `.j" B¿uefòemBn cs‖a u tMcsj:m TcleÃ `øfeàns wcs c%e¿6je lruq'

- j§ -

ýysÒ .s,j mcaoqòceùelm aØrhfj cqbjmjd

ö`bmQ.:ñ asíj Q%Y ,exlYn Uo `fjq`fjm

farl benl:mfn

½jm U`ãjsfadu'''

Q%Y ,xlef :3< :hch,m .eam:3f:m auk.sjm farl benl:mfn

cfq ,m cqf:m aØref

8 ; ; $

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jq`.m`.ev =;78;

.sJqâ wxln # ;=98=;;;=57=

.sJq`â ju # uye`â?ohxl3f$QeLef # aâc:m ohxl3f - .x`.evö,YTA@U Ibeh 6 GYMCLJL^

wfQN `:er:3rh (- ju - ,scsjn - òrl6j wxln

.sJqâ wxln # 4; 17 =5 >7

.sJq â ju # uye`â?ohxl3f$QeLef # ,xle ohxl3f - lvq`f,YTA@U Ibeh 6 GIHQLJL^0;>

wbe< uqb, ,xle ohxl3`ø `yem aâc:m ohxl3`ø cy: akbyjm .sJqud ohr`led tu ÒasÜc`:ys csdc:lm ay cy: g,m â lrwh:s Uo`.m `c!bm.,sl `:er:3rh chyhÎ,sf" aâc]¿Jf ,sne wc`f: tön nq:3 ns' wjm:¿ie,n Uam am b `.ñâ asòl< yhls n' uqb,m whJfqâ Oer `je .h`jm '

uye`â? fe¿Asl ßnl:mfncea,d" cqam:le,nd"öyeram6ejnd" cs Ò`fjd"c%ie Qe,efd asnÀ`ceò am6ejf,d ùjm uU`ã /lsne am6ejnd

wh:3² wBNecj yßrj asnÀ as aq brhfjm `fjq fjm

ayjßnY wfuý,ld'''


Uo `,eml`nm `le:hjl asín:m uye`â? jsfad u `.jmfe .jmj ½jm Uod cq²fjm'''

asn¨ `plmc:m `.ñâ # zCMNMCHDNM CHEAM OHUTBWJz

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


_7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&

ahlaqu

a|ueBñ ::m arŗ

uye`â? ceDl U`ã B¿un cs <s okb cf:s j .hd¨ ay.: :hjm js relrJn lr.hjYud Tclernlm fjqcs‖a c<fj zU`ã byâ .hd¨fV ö`QmAex. csdqf :3<sjm oe`yem `bje yd chjj.sj ceò byâ .hd¨

akbye gvyar `fjm lr,jq ,h`ã'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" B¿uue¿.`nm .ujm ls Ãu cs‖a .sys wn

fQ`njm Gd csöasn nq:3 welern cybe`bjmj'

`â B¿u ue¿.`nm .ujm lsÃ`â § .sys chöÎ Òmbnlm jh:s of wcs c<uq fjm u `:mrhâ

.: nq:3 ns' B¿u ue¿.`nm .ujm lsÃ`â § lrhJq

`bllm o,cejfe' oqòrieJjm fyjmàm `bmQje `led:s ojfe B¿u ue¿.`nm .ujm lsÃu cs‖a oeysÒjm ,hìnnq:3 `bm w:r p:3re¿n a:Nn B¿un Q%fJn lsÃu :râ`fj:m `bnlm oqò whasjm cfe `je blsj of' t`yjâoeysÒjm ,hòj c%Bej u `bn p:3re¿n a:Nn wajmjd,hïuns' tMl :uns B¿u ue¿.`nm .ujm lsÃu whrðudoeysÒjm ,hìn nq:33 `bm' oeysÒjm tM `bm ,hòjmjd jâ tM auein :3< B¿un l:eoam ön nq:3 ns' töd oeysÒjm tnwhàjfe'

G<Ød Õö:efòemBn cs‖a wONjm:r wx.nlm yhínd`nemjs aemujaslern :râ `fj:m `bnlm `je blsj ofoqòrieJjm fyjm am `bmQje l<e' t:`led .sys yem øfe"chöÎ `yem `øfe oeysÒjm p:3re¿n a:N B¿un wajmjd,hïu:m" wONjm:r`nm `nemjs aemujaslern :sïu:m wfQN`fjfe' nemjs aemujaslern njq :ujm wha] B¿und wjqfjqf‖jm öuae tn fdye .hjYud wh:s yhlsnefns' abmB¿uQ%fJnns" `nemjs aemujaslernns nj `bl tl:3 fj ödQ%bmBef TcÎjfe' wjmj t:j :uns B¿u ue¿.`nm c%`øQñu' `â a|ye .sys chöÎ Òmbnlm jhyh'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" ue¿.C,efòemBn cs‖a:s arJ ays: cxp QY,`nys wh:s fhb.:mlu cybe bjmj'

`â B¿u ue¿.`nm nj `l`jl3d tl tl csnfrf,m :s njfe' àemfejm `fjfe" albe.eù `fjfe" wje.eù`fjfe" wry:m `fjfe' `â Ulm lemdu l,sjm :s`njfecsnfrlm' tM ld lsnjfe abmBejqaeÃ lsn,e' abmBejq aeÃlsnjm jm oqòrieJjm fyjmàm`.m B¿un jqf‖jm öua,eoqòrieJjm fyjm am .hj `,el3 chyh§ulm wh:sñu' wjmjtne chyh§ùjm nqlm: f `:rhfjm arJ njfe' :s arJnwns:s `fjm`jm àem:ec:m:s wx.f,dns' àem:ec:m:s wx.y:rlm :s njfe' oqòrieJjm fyjm am `l`rys `jeà,m`fj c% aebn" Q% Y abmB¿un `l`rys `je à,m`fjc%aebn" Q% efl ax?r:mjn `l`rys `je à,m fj c%aebnay we¿nlejm: aY,n' `âfe B¿u ue¿.`nm nj`led tneu wfòemB lr.jmje `bmf,m' t:`led :s arJ" cxp QY,nlsnjm jm aem:ec:m:s wx.' â bmf,m aem:ec:m:s wx. ofaeuejN`njm òe`yem ò!bmBnjm bjm`jm jhyh'

.sys `l`jl3d jâ cxp QY,n we¿nlejm: QY,n ofd

c:m fjfe' tM f`.m u tM `lje `ce`yen bfad T`cema6wAmdex. QY,n auebjm `fjfe' chöÎ `l`jl3d jâaeu`Jmr QY,n `yem Tcaâcbe QY,n we¿nlejm: QY,nofd c:m fjfe'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" cíÁp auqcmceb`njm cuJlm B¿un wfòemB l< yhls bK

uye y:mÙc`ßmcu a]:% nm § aeÒcq:m: uyry:jm fyjm am â öÎyd fbe<e' z`nem cíÁp auqcmcebx cam a:s -àem Bâux cam a:sV tM js ae cíÁp auqcmcebn wfòemB ñunjq B¿un wfòemB ñuns'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjma" B¿un lre neud c%{e`øfhb.:mlu cybe `bjmj'

Uo bjmjfe oqòrieJjm fyjm am c<uq fjm u B¿un`bmQje lrjmjd Tld,Y f] of' t:`led ayâc:Y o%ymureine oqòrieJjm fyjm am yuq ø `cjY asd lsne

asíne" ―amfeùjY" Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm a" Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am B¿un `bmQje lrj àmlmfeà aq.:njm fyjm am B¿un`bmQje lrj àmlmfeà B¿un wfòemB l< yhls wn`,eml`nm gjmjfe'˜ g:sjm oqòrieJjm fyjm am `,emln Îye

o,bm§ ½lmle `j²â `cel3Jl f`.m ööBeler pÒ: wh:s cqbm.,njm `,eml`nm asíj of' tM w:r B¿un wfòemBlr.hjY â feajef wh:s wn:m asíjfe' g:sjm oqòrieJjm fyjmàm fbe<e ―_ajm:s Os lmL`ø wcmcrilmL ie:s le& csjmf:m uy`Jjs" `l`,amf,sjm whöam aqJq jh:s oqbmæu:m ýjsaqjm `,eml`nm gjmjfe' _wam afJ`:em Bâuama cÒyenjm :s& yhohns tM wn csÒ`yjmjd cq²fjs" B¿un wajmjd `je ,hoq`Je:m'_Oöamajm:s Bâuama wZm Ze:e`rem& B¿un lsø`fe:m tM wndB¿un wfòemB `fjfe'˜ `â js ae oqòrieJjm fyjm am`.m B¿un yÒu chyhÎ,sns'`â`lm ls as u Bj - js¿Bj Òmbnlm jhyh' T.:m - j].:m Òmbnlm jhyh' yYj l3, - Taam l3, Òmbnlm jhyh' `â`lm fqfuje lrj tlu blmA:efn :uns c%{efjm: ñu'jqf‖jm öuajmj cq²fjm of' tM js ae :uns oqbmB le`,m ò.Y òcmc:m wn `âl wfòemB l<e' `leàe,m ri:3uedohÒ`fÁp `bm" u,m,sle ìafd ohÒ`fÁp fh`ç ò.Y òcmc:m wâue `l`jlm l<e' `â js ae c%{ef lsnj tl oeysr`l`jl3d ujsjmj oH' c%{ef lsnj tl ujq am a`nl3 .m wfÎ`fjmj ö`QmA`njm u o,cej lerJn :uns abmB¿uQ%fJn' oqòrieJjm fyjmàm fbe`<m tM lns B¿un `bmQjelrjmj' B¿un `je lsø`fe:m :uns wfòemB lrjmjwfam6eflm jh:3f njm`jm' t`yjâ B¿un wfòemB lrjmjcq²fjm ujqANned B¿un wajmjd wfam6eflm ,hoq Je:m B¿u`nm yhas rjmj cdjm .jmjfe'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" c%{ef ÎnqJq ls Ã`â yhlsnef aeuejN ýjs aqjm :3< :sòjfe bK wh:m :jm u c%{ef ÎnqJq lsÃ`â l3 a,:efn aeuejNýjsaqjm :3< :s ojfe' wc :3< :s`nj wONjm:r wx.:uns wha" lj" jean" Îf" ln" as:' jqf‖jm öuaYulsnjm jm as:d wns:s `bnlm' oqòrieJjm fyjmàm `bmQjel<e ―csjmf:m uy`Jjs" :ue :3< :s oj wONjm:r wx.nlm yhínd jqf‖jm öuaYu :râ `bnlm ue blsjm jm jhyh˜lsne' g:sjm wcs asn¨ `bje tM wONjm:r wx.n wysý f] ij:eflm `je `fns' lfqrhjm `yem `l`jl3 lY fe:m wcs asn¨ `bjeu jqf‖jm öuaY ujm `:erns lsn,e tn cs<s.:yhls a:Nn l:eflm `je `fns'g:sjm tM wONjm:r wx.n wcd :sòjfe bK lsne ½j.jmjdyhls fjm jm oqbmB `bmQjef Q%fJn lr tM oqbmB `bmQjefdwjqf l,mcje lrjmjd cdjm .:m bfadns' jqf‖jm öuaYu:s oj lje :3< cf:sj amfeOeöl bnlm :uns tM B¿undys: nj tl' tM B¿und wjqf tne ys:jmj cdjm .jmjfe' tMl lfqrhf:m whØs,m`,jm whj whj lsf nq:3 `bnlm `je`fns'

uu TbeyrJnlm lsnjmjâ' w`jmcs~q asdq:3ued B¿unbjm`j jh:s cq :lm ysíne' B¿und wea:m jhyh' juq:m

B¿und .jmj :s nj µjlu js ae w`jmcs~q asdq:3ue tM cq:edlsøfe ―cq:e" uu Uod lyfJq cjm asnnlm `bjmjâ' B¿unwyjmj njmj˜ lsn,e' lyfJq cjm asnn .jmj fqfujefd`â <une oJ wyjmj .sne' c<uq fjs bfàm feå `f,e

ysíne' juq:m jqf‖jm öuaq ø jhyh' tM :m jqf‖jm öuaY âyhlsnef :s nj `l`jlm' g:sjm w`jmcs~q asdq:3ue wybm§B¿un u:l :soq`Jm jhyh' caqfbe w`jmcs~q asdq:3ue lsøfelyfJq byalm bjmjâ' oJ cbnlm u:l :oe`.j tjmjlsn,e' g:sjm tbe `â <une oJ cbnlm u:l :oe .jmjys:e`.j oJ waýjm asíne' tM ùe`ye`:m § ùeyq`.m wONjm:r wx.n ölas: fqJe' jqf‖jm öuaYu lsnj `bm tne`.m Õö:nd aâojmB fqJe' tne jh.sÜ`Ü àem:ecjmjQ% efl`nlm yhíndns'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjma" `bøýjsam ahc ,hïud wh:s weQef c%{ef Tcbfe .hjYud oeBeflm bK ue as:jfe jqfJh:m:e bøýjs am ahcd:m lhuh:m: wh:s lr`.j u c%{ef ÎnqJq lr.hjYud:m lhu:s ön nq:3 nslsne' bøýjs am ahc ch:3ulsjm ,hòjm jm jhyh' wcs ys:uq `l`jl3d `bönjm w:rd njmjd lhuh:m:lm wh:s fjfelsne' t:`led Uyq `yem whn bönjm w:rd njm`jm làm ½ns B¿un :3<sjm àenjfe' t:`led yuq`fjm`jm Q%bmBe" aY," Q%h:" :Ne." c%{e lsnj àmL o,' `bönjm w:rd

njmjd lhuh:s lje amL o, ÎnqJq l< nq:3 ns' t:`ledUyq `bönjm w:rd njm`jm B¿un:m tlmlns' t:`ledc%{efjm: `l`jlm yhínd `bönjm w:rd njmj cq²fjm'c%{efjm: l`jlm yhínd ýjsaqjm w:rd njmj:m cq²fjm'`bönjm ýjs aqjm w:rd njmj µj jh:s `ljed :uns yhu:s amàm u jsrn öfE: `f,e :s`njm jm' a:r wcenöfE: `f,e :s njm`jm' òe`yem öd blsjmjd ,hòjm jm `bönjmd:m .ryýjm a:r wcen lreu nj tlns'

wcs TbeyrJnlm öÎyd :3 as: ÎfN `,eml`nm wenqA.:m :e:m ýjsam `,eml`nm wfqrhò yerasnnlm :3 as: ÎfN`,eml`nm tl bfans' t:`led â bbyam cjm asnnl far:3< :3as: ÎfN `,eml`nm Îj ynns' `â le,n :3< B¿u`nm yhasÃ bönjm w:r gcòJq òe`yem wn gjmjfe' t:`led tM `böfrhjmd B¿un wajmjd ,hòjfe" g`.j .jmjd,hòjfe" c%.3J lrjmjd ,hòjfe" aelÁ[e lrjmjd,hòjfe' `â of oqbmB `bmQjef, òe`yeu chyhÎ,s f:s njfe' tM jsae c%{efjm: l`jlm öasjm bönjm w:rd`yem ýjsaqjm w:rd `yem chý`Jj c%:scbe`fys jsr: önnq:3 ns'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" c%{ef ay oqbmæu:m of lsnj`blu tllm bK oqòrieJjm fyjmàm `cjmfe `bj c%{efd odysÒjm chý‖ ½jqu aâojmB jhyh' oqòrieJjm fyjm am .m B¿un :3< cjmfe bjm jm cíÁp auqcmcebnns' tM lsnjm jm cqbm.,`nl3 .m Õö:n :3< wh:s`fj l%sneleÃ:mfn' odysr½jqu :3< yhuöd u T.jmfjm`jm oeysr `bnlm' j]:ju`jemöbNef f`.m `bmf,m fqJ:m g:eu:mu <eul uÜdýjm :fu:m :s`njm jm' oqòrieJjm fyjm am .m B¿u`nm

T.jmfjm jm t`yu `bnlm `je `fns' l¿u ay l¿uöcel fhjs `bnlm `,eml`nm ls as `l`jl3d öam:r l<`je yhlsns' oqòrieJjm fyjm am fbe<e l¿un öcel`bj cs<s f< wÝjm:Nns' tM lsnjm jm ujqAN `,eml`nm ahc aâc:m wh:sf `ye|d Õf:m `fj `l`jlm fqJ:m

ur‖jm u:m :m ò.:s nm njmj cq²fjm' oqòrieJjm fyjm am `cjmfe òjm c%{ef `bönjmdns" ýjs aqjmdns ys:aqf cs‖a cf:sjfe'

· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" ùemy`njm ý§u cs‖ac%{ef wh:s lr.jm jm m `làm bK c<uq fjm u ½j .hjYud wfQN fjm`jm wcdùemyn wh:s of wc ½j.jm`jm làm bK njmjns'wcs p:3re¿n a:N`nm òlmLe¿n a:Nn .hj öuaeo,uq' tys gc§u òllm''' irefd c:mñu òllm'''urJnd c:mñu òllm''' `rem. cY ve fh<£uòllm'''' aeml fh<cYâ òlm beâjam òllm''' cxp

TcebejamljmBn u òllm lsn,e a|yjm `fjfe'juq:m wcs jhf: jhf::m lhu:s fjm`jm u `âòldns' uemyn js ae aa`¿ §¿? .ujld ah,aqulm

alam `f,e :s`njfe' t`yu jh:mjâ ùemyn js aeB¿un öQmfea je lrj l`jlm fjfe' cr`,eflm :s njm jm le`ym bK lsn,e l`jlm l,mcje lrjfe

78 `fjs csdqfd'''

c]ijYn ls Òo:m .ev ÞJejjmb amfeùjm fyjm am auØsjm

75 Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" c%{ef cÒc] ¿J:mfnd c:m

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· csjmf:m amfeùjm fyjm a" c%{ef ÎnqJq lr.jm jm làm ½ns cybe `bjmj' c%{ef ,oe .jmj cqbm.,ne jqf‖jm öuaYu a|yec<uq fjm u l3 a,m wl3 a,m yôje`.j asín nq:3 `fjfe'

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`d,s.% Hâ c‖fqvf,d ö:rlm `jùns":hch,m c‖fq v l%und:m :soqJwel¿AJn oe`yem ànsjm wvq fqJe'

l,sjq:m a|yjm l<e f`.m `,v jsfevqflm

g,m,e asë`â reileÃun ldnq:m:ld yhruH:l jâ `d,s.% Hâ c‖fq v `je nhfqJ:râ' w`jl `d,s.% Hâ c‖fqvnlm

`fjq fjm c‖fq vn nfjmje`.jm wn lrj uqb, f`.m lsysc.3Jnlsjm fhå uqb,lm tM c‖fqvn aâ`c% mAJn lrjmj:m fhn `f,e:s njfe' Un aHu lerJnlm u ah,ls,m,d wr`.j 7;=9Ulm :eo¿ ua asd `d,s.% Hâc‖fq v àmfef `je tj .ujm nfjmjd o,BeÃjm :YrJnlr,e' we`n g:sjm yÎam asnld

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7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


70 _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

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asrae jueýÎn: ö,m `:r aqcscqJq àeôrh asnc:e`Jjs -

asrae jueýwue as as ,a òbj as as ,m u| cfje`Jjs -

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òls jm `c`<je aar cfad asas,m chjm `bj aqjs, T,mc:e`Jjs - asrae jueý aar anqÒjm a:3jm t`:r lrfj uyejeölne`Jjs - as rae jueýlrhJe lh¨â wh:s àeôrh `j:m wh:sne`Jjs -

asrae jueý òlm ö¢j `,em a:3jm ahu àene fhå aq`leu< asÒ c:3,m wh:s uqjs \`Jjs - as rae jueýjsfjm ran u `,efd òbje aqcfr raf:e`Jjs - asrae jueý

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―cs jjm Ucf:m f]" chJaÒjm c%OeAmfr f] oqò aý\`Jjs''' Uo fyjm am fjeyYc%:ecf:m ysrh u~, fj àml' uu fjeyY tM ysrh u~,sjm t<sn ,ojm`jlm cuJlm `fý'˜wasÒu:m oqò aý\`Jjs" `â QY ¿A juamlern Uo fyjm am .m tM wjjm: oqò .3J`njm Tc,IAs: f] àeôrh aâoqò .3Jnjmd u n'

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper



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7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


`â `ce:m lsnfjm jjm`.m uean ns ' zaeys :NueanV ,a jâ `lrhJq ahcm:hâor`nm

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njq as:e .: yhls n' àaq rifrhjm .m reiaOef, b cäfrhjm" lñjm asíjmjdwh:' aY.sÒ lhdc:m cfq ¿ auyr .Y ,sn]fjm blmfe wh:s jâf,sjm b tn amCqd`fns' wjqreBcqr aeys:Nn fQ`njm wb

T.:3jm`.m l:eoyd yaqfjm jm ½jd`QmAf cf:mje" `bìàøie woea,ùfjm `yf:m camfhjs leQNc ri:3ue`.m bâcsnewdqfe .hdcbn" `fj:m l:3frhjm öasjm örÝ: ÒrJ asL ye ÒrJ asL öjsa" asLf<| ye asLf<| öjs a" y:rfhjs àmjri:3ue`.m asnoam,lrnj .%jm6njm ye aY.sÒlhdc:m cfq ¿ wh:s .Y au]yn ns' ùdwu:r f o%eymù ,scs yecaqle,Yj nq.`nm rÝ: t² aƗam ,l3 Jm b asb:m aØre`øb ½lm fj jsbaqjmceDf,sjm Tcl,mcjnlrjq ,oj .%jm6 bwjqrcqr aeys:Nndwh:3<:m `l`¿'

fNfyer f¿A c] ¿f:3jm fhjs asnfàjm whrð t`le`<eam fhjs asnfàjm wfajm f] le,n :3< wjqreBcqrnq.`nm ìysñ wOefnd.sn `ce:mc:m reQsnlm cs<so| `:er:3rhwjefrJn ñ :s`ã' ýysô uy ry:jm fyjm am oqò byu ,lmÎfd /`.j tM u:m auØ u `y< oad jØe `bmQ`nmij:efd lsnfjmjd ah,hamf] wdqfe .%jm6gjm c%Bej `ø' wc`.m `,mLj aeys:N`nm u],erâOnlm àm ajsdqyjm fj ùu`t:syeasl axasbmæn wjqreBcqr nq.`nm w. Oe.`nm rÝ: bâcsne wdqfe .hdcbn.%jm6`nm a|yjm fjm jm ùàmn¦ zu.boasjm fh`dýjm we oqòlh,s wdqfe `y<Îf

whò`rem `y< oasjm :ho]y'V `â whòrjm w:sjm ,snhfqJq wdqfe .%jm6 w:3 rjm uyewdqfe" uye caqrh wdqfe ye l3rhjmÎ wdqfenj .%jm6 :3jd ýysô ry:jm fyjmàm .mWiq uØ`cjmñu ,hoqJq of lsnh`ø'

t:hjm asd wfqrhò y:m asnnlm cuJle,nlm uq²,m`,m oqò byud wbe< `ce:c: `y< oasjm ,snhñ wh:s of `cjY nns' aer:m6 §cjY nys a|yjm fj cÒÎ.%jmË cb" uÆIæu .%jmË cb" uye .%jmËcb njq fjm asxy, .hdcb .%jm6 :3jlm

b öiâ wdqfe .hdcbn b wjqreBcqr uq,m nq.`nm § ,snhöJ' oqò byud öam:re¿6 acnýjm .hdcb.%jm6 /alm `â wfÎ`nm § ,snhñ :s`ã'uyejeu ysýceJjm .m abmBâucleasjsnd,sn] `y< .hdcbn f] cíaâOsß .hdcbn

b cqreJ cÒfer.hdcbn b gjm c%Bej`ø' uyefxQ ële`ø a|yjm fj cÒÎ asxy,fxaÜDl6e :3jlm ùl,d wn:m n' tjâuye öyer" T:m:r uyeöyer ye `remyJ uyeöyer nj asxy, fxa"wdqfe l6e n' tàm u asxy, juamlerfJM Jje nj lE:sn yeuye òemæ fxQ wdqfef

.hj b uye fxaële`ø a|yjm `fns'chr‖u t² 6]cfxQn" t² òemæ fxQn ye t² b<be lefNn nj.%jm6njmys werâOl.e6e l,mNeJf:Y aHcqfrh ,scs`nm ½lm fjof uyepe¿n öu,öina]Òn lsnns'

_wjqreBcqr nq.`nm öQmf lY ¿:s u:m as xy, uye`,m Ll`nem - =117& wjqreBcqr nq.`nm rd ce,jn l<rifrh fhå `b`jlm aeys:NBr`nem f]y'uy aØjd `,jm" cqbìâ `f`yr öyer:je c]ie lrýjm lderâ ye dhâ ys am"cqfrh u: Ufqyq lefNun oasjm ajmjam ,sne :ho]y' ,xle`ø ½jd öbNuejo% eymù wlmAr`njm ,snhfqJq chr‖u

à,m,scs yuqfjm jm fNfyer f¿A c] ¿f:3jmfj asnfàm asd n' .Y öÒ:d wjqf,snhfqJq tM à,m,scsf,sjm js.ujn l<yhlm lm uq, asd u asxy, lönd reilYn aâojmBn chf:s ofns' t:hjm asd asnfam

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―uy ri. .u‖ wOny `bfjcs n:sQ

ru‖ oÒn ý,l:sQ öye`r leÒ`: l:s n˜ z.euŗ wOn uyriq`.m ruŗn ìÒn f] l:Y öasjm ý,el:sam a `f`yr lrfj ,§Vnjq tys Oefnns' ruŗn ìÒn nj `nòulefNun wjq O+:snlsjm nq:3 n' ýaÎdq ofì| `y²H uye je. riq oqò byu fh<|.:m of `bfhjs :3jmfhjs ,scsf,sjm lsnh`ø'ùu .Y Tbm.Y:s" Tc.Y:s öÒ:mf,d wn:m fj of uype¿n crJö:ej lsnns' wjqreBcqr nq.`nm aeys:N c% oemBnuq,m le,`nm asd u aHu ij `leÜDeanlm w:r u ch:sr chf: :so] of `cjY nns':e,nld lö .Y .enje lsÃu `ceòijlen w:r ò`yöjm aâOeö:fchf:sJ' aq:m: jsce:nd ,snj ,bcru:m6ìem:sle wdqfe`ø aq Oeas: aq:m:fJmJje`øys a|yjm fj cy: ½lm`fjceDn Gd jsbaqjm n¦

―asy<§`c u.m.cam am aam axrlmLjm:sne aYy<`pílen aYy<`l`jfie:sireurJcíaxnq:m:x .Y:x .enjm:sne

aq:mfe u.m.x .Á[jm:e aÜDsu:m:eöcam alOslmLq `p:m6 wryjm:x c:m:e˜ zasxy, §c`nm `.enâ rlsj _ch,m rlsj& wh,m `.ö,snjm `y< oasjm ie:s ire urJ cs<so| f co\ .hn] .Y wae aØ ahdjulm ry:m Oefnd c:m f]y'V njq tys Oefnns' wh,m `.ö,snjm `.enâ `j<ýjm .hn] .Y: .hj b ñ `ledýjm :e,nd lsn] lö.hj b tu wdqfe`ø f¿‖: n'

ce,s OeAe`ø .hãf cf:mje aql3uerOefn `y< oad uqaq ñu `ym:3 `led `.j tn lefNnd ys:lr oalm`,a fhåJ' al3 oad fve ce,s OeAefcb ,e,s:N`njm nq:3 n' ùys c%:sC,nlmfQ`njm `y< oasjm chf:s cqreJ wdqfe

_`y<dqfe& .%jm6njmys .e6e fQ`njm :soqJ byâ lrhJq lefNun oasjm asxy,ijlen w:r c% p,s: ñ .s`nm n'

71 `fjs csdqfd''''

7> _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


`cr a|yjm l< cÒÎ reilYnnjm uaeys:N raslnjm ñu wjqreBcqr nq.`nm

aeys:N c% oemBnd `ym:3 ñ n' ½jd yuqñwh:s uq,m u lefN rpjn b _`leam.uljmb& ril3 .m n' cq am le< c:mgrhu: .%jm6 rpjn werâO ñùjm caq frifrhjm b `ce: c: ,snjmjd cdjm .:m of `cjY nns' òdq.huqJq ri:3ue`.m urJ uxpl`nm § lsnfj ,½ns chfàjcsx`ce: t:3ue`.m u amfnx rpjnlm ön yhls n' tn lefNun OeAe`fjm :s ojmjd wh:' wX`yrJ a,ùfjm `yf:m ls:m asÒùfjm ri:3ue`.m reiNau`nm § fhvu f] b<ß fyjmàmd Tcyerc]ieflm fQ`njm ,snj ,b t² b<ßlefNn t:3ue`.m js ¿ueJnlm àm ah,`lm'uyefxQn wjefrJn lrj :er:3rhwjqf lmQBe:3fxQn ,snj ,bm bm bt:3ue öasjs' ön:m `:rjul f asd caqf TchöÎ ñ reiN Bqrn `yof] Be:3 amjri:3ue uye BâulÙ a]:% cÒf¿:jn l<

of uye fxQ`nm :s amy:mfj cÒÁ`ÿb`nm½lm fns' lönl3 f] `bfhjs uq.,jm ri:3ue _898-888& oqò byu lönd jØe`ce:m rpje `led wh:3csd ysôfe j.rnchbl3Jq l< of b tu lefNn lñjm ,fe.enje lrf] of b uye fxQ`nm u a|yjm f :s ã'

reilYn aâojmBnlm wh:s uyefxQl:3fr uyejeu ysýnjm tfl ö`bamrdf, b lY ¿:snlm gasÀ `:rjulm f asíofd aeBl wh:' oqbmB.ne à,m,scsf,a|yjm f wh:s uyejeu ysý" uyefxQl:3 ysýnjm `,a u js.ujn lr wh:'tu öQsAmd .%jm6n f] l,Y Q% Y ,xle`ø:m"Oer:`nm:m `C:syeasl ::3 wjefrJnl<" asxy, ie:s nm jeun `,ef cf:mje`:lm ,sne :ho] uye g:syea .%jm6nns' tnu asxy,njm .m uye ñr lefNn b `fns'

wjqreBcqr nq.`nm aeys:Nn

öQsAmd:mf`njm ùjm u öÝ:%:mf`njm bwj]jf chf:s of tfl así ön:3jm`.mamfOefn wjqf ùjm u ,s ahfqJq `ce:c: cs<so| `:er:3rhf,sjm b`y<s `fns' fÒjmfr cra:3rh wel%uJchf:sn b aeys:N Berefjmys tM lý:sn`je jhaY chf:sJ' OslmA]jm fyjmàm,e"reilYnnjm" `fj:m cäfrhjm wLJm vaeys:N ù`yfrl `n§ así`nm :u Qlm:s c%ueJ`njs' Qeam:% Yn .%jm6 rpjnd brifrhjm gÎÒc:m f] of oqbmBßa ri:3ue,sn] zaere¿6 ax.%yV jâ f] w:s öQsAmd``fbN .%jm6n aelmls brns' b< uq.,jm ri:3ue ,sn] B¿u .%jm6 .hj b aY.sÒleQNc ri:3ue ,sn] `ce:m .hj b uyefxQn lsnns' c<uqfj w.m oem ri:3ue`.m rei aOe`ø así `be`<eamuye lönjm .hjuye fxQn ùjmu c]ief,sn ye jslenax.%yn b `:er:3rh blmfns' reiaOe`øcuJlm lñjm `be`<eam b`jl3 así l,mys tfl r`Ü `lecuJ lñjm - `,mLlnjmasíjmjd whbm½ns as:e.: yhls n'

`be`<eam uye lönjm cs<so| cqf:f] l,Y wjqreBcqr nq.`nm tlm ril3 .m

le, aYue`ø aeys:N`nm oho<Yu ax`lm:f:m lrjmjls'

zlf`nem :ama rÆiâys- aYy,en jsrh:m:sne le`f`nN oyq`lm lxaq- öÝ:%jn ae,sjeV uyefxQ`nm ½lm fj tu .e6e`ø Oefnns `â¦ ztM ri:3ue`.m reiN le,`nys asílñyq asxy, jsrhlm:s njm öÝ:% weler`nm ``Q,Yjm`.jm nq:3 f òe`yem lö cohªy'V tu lñjm `be`<eam `bje`.m jâc]ief,s nm ye jslen ax.%y`nm aöam:rf ½lm`fns' tys a|yjm z½ýV `:Òô a]:ejm: ce<sn `y< oasjm ,sn] ofc]ief,sn lsnns' tfl ½yhý ls:m _Bâuls:m:s& jâ löfrnl3 así of c]ief,s nm lsn`ø' `â `be`<eam uye lñjm w:r asíohìÒ" b<ìàem

nj `b`bjelsöfÒ`nem n'b<ìàem njq`fjmyh¢jm`fjm`jm c<uqfj w.m oem ri:3ue`.m ßDejâ ¥ l3ueÒnns'½yhý `:r juyhrhJq öd wjs:m `be`<eam`bje uri cfq,d aâojmBl3ur l3uÒnjm nns öQmfea `l`¿' almßu, löne,sn] walm be lfye cqreJ unqr ajm`bmQn njlE:sf,sjm Tòre.:m lö t² aƗam

,l3 Jm ye asb:m aØre cqreJ ajmj`nm ½lm fns'chr‖ l3a ß lfb `be`<eamuyelñjm .jm tlm w`nl3`.m js¿ueJnlm ön yhls nns ::mle,Yj OeAe Ã:sn wjqf a,le o,e wjquej `l`¿'

zy,| oq,: f: r: ,fj: ý‖uq:3 cq, c: chyh.: `j: as as lhüd c: as as f: f: tjÒò uj `j: .: cof:V `â lö`nm oa auej fjm`jm aY.sÒ löoad n' wjqreBcqr lefN aâc%ß`nm öÝ:%:mfnye rae,scm: of :yfqrh lsÃud cf:mje`ye| u jsbaqjm jâ aY.sÒ .Y lefNf,sn ns' tn f] l,Y wjqreBcqr au`nm öQsAmd:mfnd

c:m `bmQYn lefN aâc%ßn ye fhjqâuØ chyhÎ,s `,a cs<sìXq led blmfjÕfuej aeBln ns' y:mfj asnfàm asdjf fj asnfa blmfe f] le,n :3< aY.sÒlhdc:m cfq ¿ ,sne wh:s .Y lefNef,sn"walm ß l`fjm amf¿Jun wfæn `f:<xf gjm glmì:sf l%u`njm wOefnd.sn wc`.m `bmQYn lefN aâc%ß`nmwfajm cqrhlm `,a .3Jßa wuràmlr asn zasxy, lefN aâc%ßnV lE:s nm ,e`cjmfe § :s`ã' aY.sÒ lñjm w,xlerfe§ al3 Ã:snd `yem aâOefN lö Ã:snd`yem .h:s `je ñ asn as:hØs jsbyam flhdc:m cfq ¿ adyjm lsÃud `c<Xq`Jm tfl chf:s amfeêj ijlö Ã:sn öasjm yslmuqJfqjm ohöjs' z:3uq,m urh iyam aqnqyam ajmb,m ,e :3rh .,m `ley,m y] u, .,m yY .h,m ,e .Jjsjm uq:m l,ã l< :X ,c,m ,e ch/n Î.ham :òjm yaqjm l3â fe,m ,eVzahv cfjm yue .s`nm n' b¨ ,e fhvqJq .am asn byam .Jjsjm ìu c:s: ön'`lefq,e jeb l`<m n' u,n lô u:sjm Înwh,s .,e yh<sJ' jsâ `jeuh:s lJeuhÎÒ

t<s njm /n :X b²chyh .hjmöJ' Î.hasnà :Yòjm yaq`jjm _c‖öv`njm& lfrjâ csysdlm bKV ujalm :3< yd.:m ölm AemyncÒar`nm p,jn :3<sjm u:3 l< `â lö axl,mcjef wc]rh lö as:m:ulm `fns'cÒar`nm aÕf l% sneleÃ:mfn ye ijyb .ham â Òbmun u:3 l`rj ùoôlö ,snjmjd tl, öa] aY.sÒ lñjm `c<Xq Jm ::mle,Yj aeys:N aâc%ßndUfqjm ax`ø§ f] ohöjs' .hý lönjm auØ tlm ñ rifrhjm" ìàemfrhjm" wHcefrhjm asnfam :3jlm cuJ le,nlm uq²,m ,m lö.Y ,snýjm aeys:N raeamfeb`nm `nòJwnqrh aY.sÒ lhdc:m cfqrh aeys:N`njmwjefrJn fns' aY.sÒ .Yf, a|yjm lñjm .m jâ .âàm u camfhjs asnfàm § uyefxQn

,sn] uyejeu ysýnjm b c%ld f] juqòàaq aeys:NBrnjm cs<so| f asxy, `ceòceDl ijlen bjmje`:er:3rh w,mc n'`â asn¨ u cäfrh axamlE: OeAe`ø bya, ½jquh:m :em f]y' y:mfhjs asnfàm öa] we¿nn`bmfnjm`.mlE:s uyenej aeys:N`nm fve:m c% p,s: ñ wh:s w:r t:3ujm`.m .%jm6nl tj axamlE: Qm ,emlcylm `jmce, `bmQ`nm axamlE: .%jm6nl:soqJ of uyepe¿n

àjr:m crJö:ejuy:e wjefrJnlr :s ã' byfhjs asnfàm § r:mj Q% Y {ej ysýnjm öasjm rÝ: lefN ,lmAJâ

juh:s ële .%jm6n" tM ysýnjm Oer:`nm fx.-u.B c% bmQnjmys fhvfaj au`nm § ,snj ,bmbls' tn f] l,Y bJméjm .m lefNeb¿Qnd ,sn] cÒfer .%jm6nls' asb:m aØref" r:mj Q%Y ysýnjm yôjmfe wh:m`:m zr:3 asneV jýjs' bJm éjm .m lefNeb¿Qn" asnoam ,lr jýjm `y< oad jØj,bm`bm asøfhjs a,ùfjm àjm ri:3ueöasjs' r:mj Q% Y {ej ysýnjm ,sn] cbNrpjnlm oqbmB.ne axamlE: a,m,scsnlb wh:s of lsnh`ø' wjqreBcqr nq.`nm w. Oe.`nm öa] camfhjs leQNc ri:3ue asnoam jjm

oqò .3J fhj] lönl3 of t:3ue öasjm csysdqfj ,b wOn.sÒ Qs,e `,mLj`nm½lm`ø' asnoam,l`¿ a|yjm fj oqò.3J lö jsbaqjm ye asb:m aØre`ø½lm`fj zf¢ý uqjsô:3ueV fhjs cbN ceDzasnoam jjm oqò .3J fhj]V rpje önyhls n' wjqreBcqr reiBejs au`nm así aeys:NBrnjm öasjm rpje lrj ,b.%jm6njmys w.n tfl `,eml`nm `fj:mrdf, b c% p,s: ñ wh:s ofd aeBlcf:Y' asxy, §c feaYjm .m aeys:N rpje`,ef wjm yhu aeys:N lE:Yjmd fve wuera fH`yj fbjmf,sjm csÃ cf:mje ofwjqrcqr nq.`nm w. Oe.`nm öa] lY¿:su:m Oer:Yn lefN öperlnl3 f] b cäfrnl3 f] b rei`QmLr löne cfae wh:' tM cs<so| f a|yjm fj zoe,reuenjâV.%jm6`nm rei`QmLr =; a¿.`nm =1 fhjs

Qm ,emln ùàm n¦ zijQmf felmaqB# aq:Y ¿ -

u‖ aq:YQm p `remyJ# jejNc:% asxy, bmñcejm -

uqlm:e aq:YQm p ae.r#V

zwuerah:s fbjm ,snj lsnj ijne buh‖lm f.3rj rhyqJ buq:3 fH`yj uqyqb b asxy,bmñc`nys yhr wjm :hjljh:m :m nV njq tys Oefnns' wjqreBcqr nq.`nm § asxy, OeAe`fjm .%jm6 rpje l< cäfrhjmyhrhJq öd axamlE: OeAe`fjm `ce:m,sne ie:Njm:r lY ¿:snd c:m cäfrhjm yn`b`jl3 cs<so| `:er:3rh uyepe¿nöu, ö`Æa]Òn uy:e" asn wjqreBcqrnq.`nm öQmf lY ¿:su:m asxy, uye`,mLl`nem jâ lE:s`nys ,e gÎÒc:m lrns' Ufqjm jâ we¿n`bmf" r:mj Q% Y {ej"l3uerßa" oqbmBßa" Objm: êr je. cebye we¿nQ3r ceb nj yn `bje n' `â asxy, cäfrhjm axamlE: OeAe`fjmrpje l< lefN ye tys wh:hâ Qm`,eml`QmAf cf:Y' tàm u iejlYyrJn"``fbNl aere¿6 ax.%yn" jslen ax.%yn" Ý:m: öQ3bmæ c%lrJn ye oqbmB.ne axamlE: Qm ,eml weÎ`njm :yfqrhfjm`jm asxy, `,mLlnjm .m wauauceJm å:Nn cs<so| f rei`QmLr cäfrnegÎÒc:m l< u:n jsrfbN ofns'

j]:j nq.`nm cf:mje `,ef asn¨öbNe b¿Qj aeys:N ½jqâ wjm:¿.:`ce:mc:m axLNefd fve ce,s" asxy," axamlE: OeAef,sjm rÝ: Qeam:% Yn .%jm6reQsnlm wjqreBcqr wfæn :3< chf:3Jof gôre u lsn yhls n' fÒjm frchf:s `bmQce,jsl ye Qeajsl w¿oqbjs ae tu `ce: c: wOefnd c:m fjmjdwh:' uyàjm riq bfa uye öyern a:3 `bmc< öjeQ lsÃ`â asd le,sx.ue?`.m axyern blmfe f] le, aYuefjmys öjeQ ñ .sn wjqreBcqr aeys:Nnd wn:m .%jm6 aâOern ù`:lhns lsne ½lmön`je yhls n' uyàjm riq bfa" wh:3jm cam b`jl3 .m Tad `y<dqfe `ce:m yeuye öyernd wn:m `fj:m .%jm6 `.ev. ae" .sjs:oe öjeQ l< of uyepe¿n.3Jce, u,,àmlr a]Ãjm asn z,xle

ce,s aeys:NV .%jm6`nm ,e a|yjm lrns' asxy, OeAe`fjm rÝ: wc`.m c%6u w§j aeys:Nn ùàm öjeQ ön' gjm caqf =7=8 § le,sx. ue? öasjm wjqrcqr aeys:Nnd wn:m öQe, `ce:m `:e.nlm wh:3jm ,fe wbmbfe rhfjmfh,s aHn :râ Tad `.ev .ae öjeQ lrj,b of `C:syeasl aeys:N u],eQ%f,½lm ø' tuØsjm au] ,em:mcedjn f] nm asxy, ie:s`nm w§j wBNe:mun ns' `Q% mAmD ijlö crcqrl`.m ye fNlm:`,mLl crcqrl`.m àmfn ,oýjm asnfam by:3jld wæl le,nlm :s am am fhéöleQjn f] wjqreBcqr aeys:Nn" asxy, aeys:N fxQ`nm amf¿Jun nq.nlm f]fe cuJlm `je f `,eml`nm u chf:s öQsAmd:u oqbmæun benebn f]fed lsasò ahlnlm `je uh:m :m n'

7> `fjs csdq fjm'''wjqreBcqr aeys:Nn''''


bnece, in`j:m:s

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7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


weyernlm ay f.eflm `,a w:s Qn fhb.:m fjz`là,m V cs<s okb :hòjmje f] .`øAJe:mul

axfeb adyjls'

`:mrö,m,lm wyjmjns ybjm`jm' jslâ ujsljm `jùns" lö`njm'''

aø are acs Ò uq ò`Jm fh`vjm`jm jhø cqre rhf,m aq<Ød fh`jjm`jm .ø .Jjm .easjm uy:3jm bls jm`jm uø ure Tcjm l3ure ls njm`jm

cs<s:3rh lön Uod u:lm fqJe bK

aø are acs Ò uq ò`Jm fh`vj l,

jhø cqre rhf,m aq<Ød fh`jj l,.ø .Jjm .easjm uy:3jm bls j l,uø ure Tcjm l3ure `là,m u,

Un f`.m u cqxÝ le`,m w`cm `:mrö,sf, z.ylm Tåjm uq`flm chjmjeVu:lns `jm bK tM chjcq uqfe `là,m uq flm' ,e `le< ced `là,m òev`njm Tvd tj r:m chyh:s `là,muqf Uo µj:râ ½l, wh:s' ööB welernd fHxij`,a alae`.j weyer lr`.j:m wh:s'`là,muqf ö:rlm `jùns whfÒ`njm whfÒn `ã`rýjm cy<d Îlm`fj `là,m lhj:m wc%ueJ fer .Jjlm Uod raf:m weyernlm fqJ of js ahlns' wb wcs l:e lrjm j:m Uod òe`yem yqrh cqrhò`là,m .hj' `là,m .hj Uod jqyqrhjqcqrhò raf:m lerJe:m òe`yeunlm

ù:hj ajsdqyjm `f,e :sòj ofns w`cm öQmfean'

c,:3rlm bK t<f²flm bK `â c%Qmjnd T:m:r `bjmj l,sjm wyjmj c%Qmjnlm :s njfe' `là,m

f¿. lYnlm .hj Uo bjmjf bK Uø''''`lem,sl3Üdq" whâoqjm" aYjs `là,m" whXq,m `là,m" w² `là,m" r:X,e" `jm:%c,â"u]jmbâ" wejue²" whdXqrh" c]fe²''''' :f`leÁpr u:lm `fjf bK Ulm`leu =8lm 7;lm ö:r u:lnd wef bK wh:m:d u

w`cm r`Ü `là,m c%Òmb :sylmcuJ `,mLJ.: `f,e

:s njfe' tnsjm oyq:rnlmc,:3rh fQ`njq:m"w`jlm tMfe t<f²

fQ`njq:m c%`nemijnd.h`jjfe'

ùjmj bjmj" `je bjmjòe`yem `là,m'''';=' whXq,m là,m ;7' `lem ,s l3Üdq;9' wejue¨;5' r:m wejue¨;8' aY js là,m ;0' w² `là,m ;4' r:m `là,m `yf:m r:X,e;>' ìâ `là,m ;1' whd uqrh=;' În uqjm bjm ==' uqrh uqjm bjm =7' w² uqjm bjm =9' `.em j whXq,m `yf:m uvl,cq `là,m

=5' aqf|h,m =8' f,m aqf|h,m =0' lsÒ aqf|h,m =4' whí `là,m =>' u¿: ue²=1' `jm :%c,â7;' whâoqjm 7=' rd `yeXqrf¨77' uqf :3jY `là,m 79' wx.ñr75' c]fe² `yf:m fe:ce²78' ls j,70' `cm r `là,m 74' ljmjjm `jerh7>' l² c]fe²71' ro¿ `là,m

ùjmj `â `là,m f¿. fh`fj l,ec ay Oeö: lrj welern ù<Ø f.3 ø½lm`fjfe'

`lens `bm ajm bem`là,m `.je`ø''''

`là,m Tcjm `bmQn `,a lsnh`fjm jm u,neasnef weQ%s: w.mjsÎ. weasnef'

`,el3 w.nlm `je `:mrhJed ùelb½jd `,eml`nm fhb.:m u òem. w:r`là,m :sòjm jm y:rfj am6ej`nm' GdgÎÒ`njm :s ojm jm ñ" :sÒØ3 ay gÒØ3 cuJns' tM ö:rlm `jùns" `,eml`nm f.e`l`rj c,:3rh w:Òjm `là,mf,d fvegÎÒ`njm :s ojm jm `ßvâ cuJns''' `là,m .hj w`cm :hlYu l3ulm fqJ:m f.eflm `,ad jâ wcs:m nyýjm`là,m ffjfe' QY % ,xle`ø auam6 f.e O+ý fcaÒ`njm `là,m f.efd `fjm ñ:s oj c%ueJn yÒ wvld:m íllm fhåns'yÒnd u lsø`fe:m 85Slm'''

rd fdlr `là,m ff,e :soqJd"wha yh`rj yh`rj ch:m`:jm `là,mblsjmj:m ,hoqJd wcs `là,mf,wjm:¿.: uyejYn `cemAJ jsßjn .hjbjm j ùej :râ jâ wvq fjm bK

ý,:m wvqns - .3J:m fhåns`là,m luq''''à

9; _7;=9 ahcm:hâo¿ - Ulm`:emo¿&Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - ìjr l,ecn

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ön<s l,ecn `lem,sl3Üdq w² `là,m whXq,m În uqjmbjm

aYjs là,m w² uqjmbjm whd uqrh

w:ruhÎ `lem,sl3Üdq w² `là,ml,ecn whXq,m" aYjs uqjmbjm f¿. `là,m wejue²" whâoqjm whd uqrh" lsj,

`::m l,ecn whXq,m" cqfe¨ uqjmbjm f¿. aYjs `là,m whduqrh wejue²" whâoqjm lsj, r:X,e ìx `là,m r:m wejue²

`là,m .3J

`cemAln c%ueJnS

c,:3rlm fQ`njm csaYud .jmje.jmje f¿. f¿.

i,n 49 - 48 05 - 01leòemyns Ü%Ü 79'7; 9;`c% emëjm ='=0 ='7;b< :jm:3 ;'40 ;'58`âbn ;'90 ;'59

gòJq `là,m ub .% Hâ =;;l wvx.3`cemAN cß¿6

`cemAN cß¿6 aejmþJn

leòeyí`ç%Ü .% Hâ 74'7i,n .% Hâ 4;Qlm:s ls`,em.h,Ò ==0`c%emëjm .% Hâ ='7`âbn .% Hâ ;'9lh,m asnâ ý,s .%Hâ =4`ceamcram ý,s .%Hâ 90nlv ý,s .%Hâ ;'1ödýjm aY ý,s .%Hâ 4lh`reíjm uns l% e .% Hâ 4>:nýjm uns l% e .% Hâ 8;rnsòe*m ,öjm uns l% e .% Hâ >;

tM tM `là,m ö`QmA`njm ö`QmAnd aq² fQ`njm `fjam fqJ:m `ceò`ø jâ`â asn,m ,m `cemAJ .3Jnjm f`.m uU!Aên .3Jnjm òe`yem òrd auej ns'

`là,mf, U!Aên .3J òe`yeunlm :s ojfe' Îjc:e `là,m wjqOf

9= `fjs cs dqfd'''

csjl uysu

csjmf:3 jm" csjmf:m brhf`jm"oqòrieJjm fyjmàm`.m B¿unlm Q%fJn lrjmj,hòjm j csjlsjm' tM wycq B¿un u:l :oe.jmj:m csjlm :s njmj µj' u:l :sne.:m:3 B¿un jqf‖jm ù`jys lrjmj:m csj wfQNns'tM B¿un `:mrhâ .jm j:m cs jjm' jqf‖jm `:mrhâ .:m B¿und wjqf Õf:m `fjmj:m csj:sìn nq:3 ns'

t`yjâ yhls yhu wfam6efl § u" yhls yhu ùe`ye:l § u wc csjm /am l< nq:3

ns' yhu `bnlÎ u gÎÒnd .jmj µ`j csjm /amlsÃu ns' csjm /amlsÃu c%uqL lr.:m :jh:mjâ" wjmj tned jslâu jsljm uejmjnlm :3< j:r `fjmj asò `fjfe' csj u gam arydbe`.j" js:r u cqJN ldnq:3f, `n`býjm"jsy:uejY fq`Je:m gÎÒnd njmj cq²fjm'

w`cm wruqJ `â p:3re¿n a:N B¿unwfòemB lr .hjYu jâ" tM a|ye wcf aqòam alm ofd c:mlrjm j csj öasjqns' `â js ae csjl:s nj fíjelu jâ aq²cdq tllm `j`fns'

`â csj :uns `bönjmd ahcn cs‖acf:sjm j' ýjs aqjmd:m ahcn cs‖a cf:sjm jm `â csjns' t`yu jâ `böfrh:m lrjmj µjcsjm /am lrj tl u ns' ýjs aqjm lrjmj µ`j:m csjm /am lsÃu u ns' chöbmbjm lrjmj µ`j:m csjm /am lsÃuns' `â öÎyd asn,m,jm u csjm /am l`<e:m òlm" lrbr" oeBe wvq" ahc ays:`,emlnlm wcd ysý øöà â öÎyd csjm /am lr.: nq:m :m wfòemB`njm u ns' ahcn cuJlm u`je f] g,lmlnlm wc :3< :sìn nq:3 ns'

òe`yem csjm /amlr .hjYsu cs‖awfòemBnld chý‖ lje :3< B¿uefòemBndl3a,:efn u:3 fjfe' oe`yem csjm /am lrj`lje oqòrieJjm fyjm am .m B¿un pqÜdlm yÒ `:mrhâ .:m `l`jlm of lsnjmj cq²fjm'ùelb `ym:3f csjm /am lr.jmj:m µj `fjm jwfòemBn u ns' tned cíÁp auqcmcebn`:mrhJe jâ cø òrh lrjmj uyjm as .jmjfe'csjm /am lrjmj uyjm as .jmjfe' ùelb tnebjmjfe gc§u :s njm j Ofn js ae lsn,e'Ofn lsnjm jm öcel cs‖a l¿u alam ñudns'gc`bjm jm öcel cs‖a l¿u alam ñu js aejâ" tne lhu:s `fjm`j jhyh jrl :hjlgc`bjmj' :ujm .m nyc: lhu:s lje lhu:s `fjm jm òlm ö¢jmjd asò `je `fj aqfc:m f] :hjl gc`bjmj ns' tM f`.m u tM gc`bj :hjtM lejm:`njm u c%{ef ù`yn fjmj cq²fjm :hjlm ön nq:3 of:m tne bjmjfe' ahc oyq,"jqfJ ù`yn fjmj cq²fjmlu :s nj :hjlgc`bjmj ohyh" òe`yem csjm /am lr`.jjh:mjâ' tMl lrjmj cq²fjm csjd ns' t`yjâB¿un `:mrhâ .:m:3 `lje yhu :s am a ugÎÒnd wr.jm`jm csjns'c sj .hj l:elrbmÎ `â auei aâuq:s`nm :s nj `bmf,m `j`fns wcd fhb.:m `fjm jm'wcd fhb.:m `fjm jm oqòrieJjm fyjm am fbe< `bm ns' c%{e`fjm nqlm: f csjm /am l<nq:3 of oqòrieJjm fyjm am `cjmfe òjmje'

jslâ u zaeòàV lsn, lsøfd wcd csjm /am fjm j jhyh' jrl `bmd:m ―`ye| fh`ç"aeòà˜ lsn, lsnjfe' tM js ae wc aeòler `bj`led:m l3ulm fjq`fjm b â aeòler `bjm`jKlsn," asys njm nq:3 f ½jqf:m `fjmj µj'

`â js ae" aeòler §u:m c%{e`fjm lrjmjµj `bnlm jâ" Õö:n nyc: lre `.jsnjmj"csj lre njmj" `â c%{ef `lens :râ wfQN`fjf bK lsnj tl `:mrhâ .jmj cq²fjm'

oqòrieJjm fyjm am .m B¿unc%{efjm:njmd ns' B¿un wajmje :3<wjsfe¿n`njm u c%{ef :sìn nq:3 ns' t`yufqJe u lsnjmje `làm lsøf:m wajmjed B¿un

wB¿un jsfhrÎ f `:emre `ãre .jmj cq²fjm'yhu :hjl § u B¿un c%{e`fjm whasn nq:3 ns'`â byâ lrhJq Uo yhu `bjed u T:3â B¿uwfòemB lr.hjYu cs‖a byâ c~qrlm u `øfeàyhu `bjed u `:rhfjm arJnsà

jùem oqbmBen à

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


ùu ,s cs n cs<sokb U`ã wbyam wcd YCY lrjm j;4= ;=> 15 9;

whns wcs w`cm `là,m càl :oe `jerd `là,mf,d `f<| `ce<lm alae`bjm jmK l< nq:3 f :s ojm`jm ra .3JcsÒ w`cm `là,m fv fve:m fNecm: lsÃu ay c%p,s: lsÃu `jm bK

asdqfe `ber `ber rX:3rh'''' `là,m U`ã `.f:m :m g:ecyaq`fjm f.e lrjmjd cq²fjm'lsasò raenjslnlm `je `neß `.eu`ce`yer ye `leâ`cem amÜ Oeö:`njm Uod `â f.ef asò lrjmjd cq²fjm'

Uo `â cs<so| flhuh:m:lm blmfjfe jâjY rem.Y `là,m ch< ,oe.jmjd cq²fjm cyaq l%u`øbnlm :uns lEAs:elmA‖l ye .% eùn öbNewen:jn ye aâojmB ñu' tM yrye cdl `remcJ`njmjscb f] `là,m ch< ,oe.hjYud cq²fjs' ýí whâoqjm" `lem,sl3Üdq ay whXq,m `là,m ch< f¿. ù`,asjm Uod ,oe .jmjd cq²fjs' ýí whâoqjm ye whXq,m `là,m ch<nlm rh' 8;$-luqb,ld:m" `lem,sl3Üdq ch<nlm rh' 0;$-l uqb,ld:m w`,ö `l`rjfe' w`jlm `là,m f¿. cdl `remcJn lrñud:m fhv ldnq:3 alam `fýjm cf:sjfe' `â aâojmB `:er:3rh ,oe `bjmjdwc ye aâojmB fqJe lEAs :elmA‖lye .%eùn öbNe wen:j`nm .rh wBNlmA tâ' é' csn:s,l uy:e' `le<X öQmföbNe,n auØns wcs `â fNecE:sn cf:mfe`.j njm jm'cdl `remcs: f.ef .hj l6el`<e:m" `remcJn ls Ãud cdl,oe .jmje uø Qeln js rem.Y f`.m u fhå wamfjq ,oe `bj ay

asn¨ ny,lmAJf,sjm `ce`yea:mQelnlm fj js ae cdl `remcs:`là,m f.e`ø ö`QmA feas lsyscnlm u :sòjfe' ùu f.efjmd`rem. fh<£u g:e wvqns' tM f`.m u`ye|" arh wamfhjmjlm ,oe `bjfe'f.ef tM leleÃns' i, wfQN:efn:m wvqns'ra`njm fhåns' `â `fj`led ueàld cdl`remcs: `là,m ch< =8";;;lm cuJwcs jscbfjfe' tM :m cf:sj g,müd `â

ahcnqu c%ueJf:m jhyh'lEAs :elmA‖l ye .% eùn öbNe

wen:jn uØsjm whJfqâ lr ,oe .jmje`là,m ch< f.e`ø wamfhjmj ,hòj:3rh u" tM lsø`ø c<uq lhj `j<e .jmje:3rh u w`cm àmfn Uod ,hòjfe' uea`blld cuJ frlm lm Am:% js,BeÃjmU`ã f.ef js ÃlmAJn lrjfe' uyecÒueJ fQ`njm `là,m f.efd `neuq `fjfe jâ ùn Uod uje rhl3,lm' lEAs :elmA‖l ye .% eùn öbNewen:jn js ae ½jm c% bmQ`nm :rhJ:rh‖njmd /lsne gvlv öfr ñ:s ojfe' T:3rh jh`.jysr c%`bmQf,`là,m f.ef fNecm: ls Ãud:m wcs uq,cqre wfajm' lEAsl¿un aâojmB`njm wjm:¿ie,n Uam am åcm`,emueflm yßrjmjd:m" Tceæn blmfe tn `.jnjmjd:m wcs wfam6ef a,ae :s ojfe' lEAsl¿u`nm jsnh`,j csÒad Tceænblmfe lEAsl¿un aâojmB`njm yhbHÃâl< yhls ùu Taam wBNecj wfam6ef aâojmB`njm tys ceDue,e aâojmêlerljs axa,e ößjc:srJ uy:mýn ùàmcfae asíne' `.eñjm" lEAs fNeceÒlnjm f`.m lEAsl¿u`nm jsnh`,j wnd c<uq frdns ù`yu Tceænlm blmfe wBNecjn,ojmjd gv a,a,e :sòjm jm' òem.f.ef" òem. werlmAJn" i, aâcebjn":elmAJn" lEAs fNecer l<ujelrJnweÎ lm Am:% 1lm nd`:m wcs wBNecjldnq:3 asò lrjfe' ½jd lJmvenây:rlm `â fhvcs<s`f`<m jsr: `f,egjmjfe' lEAsl¿u`nm c%e`nem.sl fjsnh`<j cs Òa `fjq fjqns `â `bm asòlrjm`jm' `bmQYn `là,m f.ef .hj `:er:3rhàene .sn .u`jm wcd uqJ .haqJ `âw¨:m `:er:3rh:m `bmQYn `.eö:hj jØe asdqfjmjd wc brj fHnud Tclernlm'`â .hj Uod:m Tjjmòflm :s`njfe jâ";54 95> 1; >8 òrl6j wxln Uamàm `yem

lsÃùjm u<obmBn aqf lr .jmjdcq²fjm' :roerhf wvq lrjmjd:m"ovfh`,m cs<sle wh:s ñu f<lmfe,jmjd:m `là,mf,d yhlsnef :s ojfe' Uacm pl% nm wl%uf:m of jh:s lsÃ`â .3Jnlm`là,mf, cf:sj of:m lsnh`fjfe'

glmujsjm Õ¿Jn ñ cyaq`fjm QÃrnd Tre .jmje js ae`fjm gòJq `là,m asrhrd ah`Jlsjm Qlm:sn ,oe`bj Qlm:sijl weyernlm `,asjq:m

ah,`ljfe'weyer Îrñu cyaq lrfjmjd:m"weyer ue¿. cbmB:s`nm waeuejN:e jh:s lrjmjd:m" weae:mýl:e jh:s lrjmjd:m"c%`ây ye fl3.vq weoeBnjm`.m c%:sl¿unjm a|ye:m gòJq `là,m `neß.h`jjfe' cepj `rem.Y ::m:mf`nm §gòJq wejue² `là,m `.å wjqOf lsÃu`rem.n aqf lrjmjd au:m `fjfe'

uq:%e ue¿.n weQ% s: `rem.eoeB aqflrjmjd:m" Uacm pl% nm wl%ýl:e jh:s lrjmjd:m t<f²flm fQ`njm weyer lr.jmje `là,m `.å TcleÃ `fjfe'

re:% Y le,`nm whamf, `cjYu ÎnqJq lrjmjd f`.m u ùe<`nm l% sneleÃ:mfngy< jxfjmjd:m `â wrhu cqòu c,:3rdyhlsneflm :s ojfe' wæl rhær cY vjn"wamÙ Îre nHu" rlm: yYj:efn f`.m u yEb `rem. wh:s ñ`â wfBeju ye

uejasl we::sn wvq lrjmjd:m `là,m gfy,m `fj ofns chfàjm`jm' tcuJlm `jùns" :3fe, glmujsjm aqfc:m lrñ`âo,nl3:m `là,m a:3ns'

tß `là,m ay ùß `là,mfa öA jh:sf" amfOeöl f yh`bj

fh`vj" amfOeöl f g`bj `là,mf,sjm jâ Un lsncq c%:sC, o,e`ce`re:m:3`fjmj cq²fjs' yhohns t`yu `là,m :soq`J ztßV' zùßV `là,m jâ g:sjm `f`<ôjm`.m o,y:mlerlâf,sjm `l`,as,e" ¥AJnd ,lm f,e :sòjjsae Un `cemAJ .3Jn u w`cmlmAe lsÃuöys²flm'

tß `là,m gòJ u uq,sjm u ½j.jm jm `,mjmjq ay l3rh,m ,em' Tv uwhfÒ`nm nejm:ud lycedd yhrhJ`.ånd `bld fy fhí,e tM lÜín `cerlj`led :uns `là,m lhj lce`.j

`.m uq,m,d `.je`ø' wô`¿ fy,e:hïùjm `yem f<lm lce fae :hïùjq:m"òâ .hamañùjq:m cuJns tß `là,mgò`Jm' tM :m ½jm'''

½jm öl3Jjmj :s nj `là,m lhjm uq, g|jm w.d u tl u ly ceíjmgÎ,e' tM :m whfÒ aâojmB `f,e :s`njl| `leda `le< cedns' ùelb lE:% suraenj Oeö: lr,e gbfj`ledg`bjm`jm `.å ýalm l| `je fj js ae'Ujmj Un ,lmAJ ays: `là,m ý, §.hjY ujm leons ç .ae lE:% su f gb f] `là,m `.å weueQ.: lr .jmj Uodcq²fjs'

½jm ½jm gbfjmj ö:rlm `jùns"`là,m .amf,d:m raenj `ce`yerOeö: lrjmj ffjmjjm cqrhò `f,e' tM:m tnsjm wamfhjm jm öQe, fhå ñulm asòfjm jm jhyh' ùelb ùej `bm l<:m

`là,m .al yd .jm`jm tl `là,mlhjlm cuJns jm'''

t:râ ò¿,O:m jh:s" cyaq fjm f.elrjmj ay jv:m:3 lrjmj yhlsnef:m wh:s `â c,:3rd:m raenj `nebjfe jâw`jlm c,:3rh .hj lfr l6e bK

`je rd `là,m yuq øoe,mò lrfj ùrd `là,m`â weler`njm raenj Oeö: lr,e

`là,mf, .3Jn jae bujfe àm u½jm ½jm `â :râ `là,m f¿. wca:3f :sìn § csdrd `là,mf,sjm w`cm `f<| `ce< cs`rjmjd cdjm wrjm' UoaqcsÒ `f<| ah,ld ùe`ye:ld `.evfh§ o,jmj' tlu c%ueJ`nm" tl uyhv`nm" tl u f¿J`nm" whad c%snujecamfrHc`nm `là,m uje `led waqreöl3Jjmjd :s oj welern Uod blsjmjcq²fjm' whad `ye| fqJed whØd `ye|ns lsnjmj cq²fjmlulm jh:s `â `là,m lh`fjm åAmV jýjm yôjmfjfe'

`â `là,mf, ran `yem .3Jn w`cm `là,m wOs Ofe njmjd `le`y:m uau:m oflm blmfjm`jm jhyh' t`yu jâ

aâojmêlrJ js,BeÒ" lEAs :elmA‖lye .%eùn öbNe wen:jn" fh,s.:m:"yâojm :ed ,scsj`njm `â asn¨ `bm .hjfhå öam:r ,oe .jmjd cq²fjm' tM f`.m u .jm`jemrh`ø csysde :s oj

c,:3rh òem. c¿`nmAJ ye axf¿Bj am6ej`njq:m Uod `là,m f.ef cs<so|`:er:3rh ,oe .jmjd cq²fjs' wc ye aâojmB fqJq tys c¿`nmAJ js,BeÒjY Qs`remujY tÎÒuejmj uy:mýn chfaq`ø.jm jemrhf TbNej òem. c¿`nmAJye axf¿Bj wen:j`njq:m" `yerJc,:3rh òem. c¿`nmAJ wen:j`njq:m cdl `remcs: whâoqjm ye `lem,sl3Üdq `là,m ch< rh' 0;$- oh.sjm ,oe .jmjdyhlsnef :s oj of ns' ri`nm lEAsl¿u`.eöc<f,mf,sjm cdl `remcJn `jelrj ,b `là,m ch<:m aq² cÒueJ`njm ,oe .jmjd wfam6ef :sòj of:m whn a|yjm l<e'

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cq²fjm' uye cÒueJ`njm `je fqJ:m `ce,mfhjs `fj:m c%Bej òem. f.efl asò`l`rj w:3rh òem. f.eflm `,asjq:m Uod `là,m f.e lrjmjd cq²fjs'`là,m ‶ ,xle`ø µjHu c<e:l f.el< yhlsns' `.f:3 òem.nlm `yem aq²cÒueJ f`.m u uBN cÒueJ we¿Ùlòem.nlm `,a:m" :js f.eflm `yem oyq òem. f.eflm `,a:m" i, aâcebj`njm `yem f¿Ae i,`njm fqJ:m f.e lrjmjdyhls ñu `là,mf, ö`QmA:mfnlm'c%Qam: TAmJ:mfn `,a aeuejN`njm ½lm`fjm`jm à,m asnam wxQl 77 - 9=blmfe crean' t`y:m w`cm r`Ü `âw.n a,masnam wxQl 78 - 9; `,ans ½lm`fjm`jm' Ujmj g:sjm o, o,e gjm`j jh:sf wbu `là,m ch<nlm `bllm ysdfe .jmj'

wje.: `,eml`nm c%Bej weyern`là,m''''à`là,m f.ef ½jd `,eml`nm asøfj am6ej`nm cf:sj òem. f.ef of wcuq,sjq:m a|yjm l<e' tlm a:m ie:Yjm`.m

`,eml weyer aqrlmAs::e lýdqf öasjm ù`ynf] wBNnjnl § `y<sf] jf:u::m:mfn :uns ñ" gÒØ3 ay :sÒØ3 njòem. f.efjm l%u`njm wvq `fýjm nj of' tnd `ym:3 `,a ½lm`fjm jm oyq, fQ`njm asò ñ wh:s `bmQ.3‖löc¿neanjqns' `â ::m:mfn wjqf wje.: `,eml`nmc%uqL: u weyern ofd `là,m c:mfjq wh:s ofd tu wBNnj fe¿:ef wjefhls c< `led :sòjfe' ööB c% Ombnjm .m `là,m `,ef cqre c% p,s: f :sïufe`.m u w¨:m `bmQ.3‖l ::m:mfnjmd

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ba w: cs,n lY ø rX .a `je `f bKl| uhb obe gjm`jm rX lhj `je `f bK`,,s yhr `là,m `.å ahu ljfe `je `f bKù:3jm c`bm `:mrh`f jhJ`njm `je `f bK

ö`QmA cqJNejq uembjef -lEAs :elmA‖l ye .%eùn öbNe wen:j`nm wBNlm A:3ue wh:3² le¿n uJm v,nd.jm`jem rhf c,:3rh òem . c¿`nmAJ ye

axf¿Bj am 6ej`nm c¿`nmAJ js,BeÒjY Qs`rem ujY tÎÒuejm j uy:mýnd

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`je yhlm lm n˜ lsne' tM B¿u pl%n l3ulmbK òl jâ f] we¿n a:Nn" òlmL auqbnjâ f] we¿n a:Nn" òlmL js`remBn jâ f] we¿n a:Nn" òlmL js`remB.eýŗ cícbefjâ f] we¿n a:Nnns' `â we¿n a:NTjmfyjm am lrlfjfe lsnjm`jm l3ulm bKTjmfyjm am B¿un `bmQje lrj öd tnwy`.j gjmj Q% eflnjm :3< ù`:lm yd`je .:m jsfjm uØ yd.jmjfe¡ ù`:lmj]cjm jsfjm uØ TcÎjfe¡ ù`:lm `jewha] jsfjm uØ wajfe¡

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oqòrieJjm fyjm am fbe< B¿u`njmT.jmfj `bm" `cjmfe `bj `bm wc :3<:s nj `bnlm¡ juq:m `â :s`nj `bm fhys,e:s njm jm¡ l3ulm b fhys,e :s`njm jmKòlmL we¿n a:Nn fhys,e :s njm`jm'òlmL auqbn we¿n a:Nn fhys,e:s njm jm' òlmL js remB we¿n a:Nfhys,e :s njm jm' òlmL js remB.eýŗcícbe we¿n a:Nn fhys,e :s njm jm'aâue aâoqòrieJjm fyjm am cy< `f,elrjm jm `â fhaY wh:s we¿n a:N öfrlsÃuns" wjefrJn lsÃuns" öfE: lsÃuns"

blsjmjd ah,hamñuns'Tjmfyjm am jsrjm:r`njm u uyjm as

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abele,sl /lfrJn'''c]ijYn lsÒo:m .ev ÞJejjmb amfeùjm fyjmàm

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o,jmj ys:,e wfqrhò wdaYnl f`.m le,nlm ,xle`ø ò!bmB asbmBam6ej f,m ìys`f,e fjejm:r .: `f,e :soqJe¡ tMf`.m u `â B¿un wyjmj ,hoq Jm jH¡ tM le`, fhåcqr u o,chfh:m:3`ø ujm:rQeam:%n" ìNem:sAn f`.m tM fe ö:rns¡l,e:3rlsjm :uns `â `ceçvlm B¿ungamu:3 `fjm jm¡ tM öÎyd gamu:3 fqJq B¿un Uod wyjmj ,hòbm§" oqòrieJjmfyjm am `l`rys as: cyÎjm jm jh:mjâ"B¿un `l`rys as: cyÎjm jm jh:mjâ"Q% efl ax?ne `l`rys as: cyÎjm`jjh:mjâ U`ã as :m amfOefn `fjam `fns bK jhyh' lnsjm lrj l% snef `fjam `fns bK jhyh' t`yjâ njmj :s`njm jm oqòrieJjm fyjm am ujqam a pq:s a]:% nm §fbe< ce`¿ :uns¡

jsrhbmB ñu fhys,jâ :s njm jm"we¿n wAmdex.slue¿.n fhys,ejâ :s njm jm" `âTcjmj a:mfnedls as u cs<s arJlm jH¡ U`ym gc`bjfe¡U`ym fnad .sys,m,uhÒ, njfe¡ tl

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fhdyqJe'˜ t:`led wyjfe ―`le`yeub fhdyq JmK˜ lsn,e¡ t:`led tM `ljelsnjfe ―Oe.Nf:3jm fyjma" ud `âöÎydns fhdyq Jm'''˜ lsn,e ,am aj w¿6Uyq cfajfe¡

`â nq.`nm :s njm jm tM`l wjs:mch:m:¡ `le:râ lsøf:m fhd`yjm jjH' t:`led wcd `:m`rjfe w`cmc%{ef `lens:râ ò¿f, b lsn,e¡ w`cm asysn `lens:râ ò¿f, b lsn,e¡ w`cm ñÒn `lens:râ ò¿f, b lsn,e¡ juq:m G¿ANeflm wh:s fq Je:m tMl fye ys:fh<|.jmjfe¡ :rylm yd.:m`:e:mfye as: tn fh<|.jmjfe¡ `,em Onlm yd.:m :e:m fye as: tn fh<|.jmjfe'uejmjnlm yd.:m :e:m fye fh<|.jmjfe' ùn c%yeJn lsÃud B¿un asyslr .jmj wuerhns¡ `âld :uns

csÒyYu lsne lsnjm jm¡ juq:m `â csÒ`yj `,eml`nm yÒwcd tM `je csÒyY .sn nq.`nm ýjs aqjm wha] B¿un wajmjd ,hoqJe¡ tM l wcd,hoqJq l3ulm bem aa`¿ l< `,el3 csjlm¡

Tjmfyjmàm `cjmjqf`jm g:e u amf,mc csÒans we`n ýjs am `,efd tjm`jm¡g:e u w,mc csÒans jhf: `bönjm `fjm jm¡ uye `ce<f f`.m uye csÒalm jsr`nm njfe¡ :sÒajm wce`nm njfe¡`c%m: `,eml`nm njfe¡ t`yu jâ w`cm jHbH`nem `lens:râ wcd uqJ.h`yjfewhbmb a:m:3 a¿c`nem `f,eK `â aa`¿wcs:m tlml ysdcq wn `lens:râ whbmb`c`¿:`nem `f,eK `lens:râ w`cm u brhuqJqoq`rem whbmb jsr`nmK t:`led t`yu.ujl nbm§ :uns we`nu:m `â ojmBjwh:s `fjm j¡ `â ojmBjnjm .m gfrnlm jH¡ `â nj .u`jm `l<frlm jH¡ `â.uj `l<fr lr.jmj cq²fjm B¿unwcd g:eu:m l,e:3rlsjm :uns wyjmj,hòjm`jm¡ `â jsae `â ,hoqJq ò¿,O

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jùem oqbmBenà

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper



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7;=9 `jefhâo¿ ;1 Îj chfh:mñud axöBenl uJm v,n

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7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper



7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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`làm `f::m aar òlsjm jsbyam ñud lhu:s we¿n Q% eflne :ujm Õf:mfj cÒarn :3< u nâ yq`bl,eflm"nâ ö`ølnlm wh:slr .: nq:3 ns' UoÕf:m fjm jm w:sQn axlY ¿J" `?emAeleÃj.rnl `fjmj cq²fjm' jh:mjâle¿noyq, òâÒn am6ejnl `yem oamr6jhf:3âc<lm wa, `yem `fjmj cq²fjm'juq:m yq bl,e`fjm ,hòj weBNe:mýlahcnd lhu:s `l`jlm jâ Uo" asíj:hj asys,m aq<x /,m ,jm jhyhfqJöas:3rh w:3c:r ch:srhJ jq. rhlm àfJlm ofd c:m lr .: yhlsns'

jsy~ of wcd weBNe:mýl aqfnlm Tbelr .hjYud ò`yöjm Tcler lrj.3Jex.nlm' T:3â ýjsam .3J byâf,csysde au6 öb¿Qje Oefjefjm`.jm nâ ahcnlm" nâ w¿6nlm a,ae.hjYu lhu:s we¿n Q%eflne yd fpjwvq fjm l6e lsÃu tM a|ye òe`yem àm Tcler `fjfe' `.e²fl3 àm ys£u ýjmwbyam `fjm jm jhyh' juq:m oqòrieJjmfyjmàm`.m Q%eflnl3 yhínd fhb.:m"

wbe<" wfQN `bnlm cuJlm l6e lsÃul< nq:3 ns' wjfQN `bnlm" cuJ `jebhj l6e lsÃud neùjm òerh lYu"`lm,eâ lYu" crhA fpj lYu" ys am fpjlYu" ur‖jm u:3 ò.:s.eù ñunj ò¿öcelnjm asòfj ofoqòrieJjm fyjmàm fß<e' tu js ae aar òlsjm jsbyam ñud lhu:s `l`jlm fQ`njm wjfQN `bm l6e`je `led" yhls:elmjsy~f aYëu T:3â`bnlm' tM jsy~ of:3< oqò .3J" byâ.3J" aØ .3J asys lsÃu" ù:m ch:srñu"wha] byâ lrhJlm asys lsÃu `yem `fj

nâ l3 a,m wruqJl as: csysdqfe .hjYul< yhlsns' töd tnw¿6f:m jsy~ oflm ofd c:m fjfeùnsjm Õö:ndcsjlm Tcbmbfjfe' asysn ÎnqJq `fjfe' Ý:m: aueænlm cs‖awfQN" aqòaq caqìulm ùnsjm as: :3<`.evjh`.jfe'

`làm l6e l<b aHu ýjsal3`.mu weBNe:mun :3<jsy~ ofd" jsy~ cÒarnd amfeOeöllhuh:m:lm jso|f cf:sjfe' nùlm `yem nâ csÒalm g:e `?emAeleÃ `,al6e `led jslmu .sn ö`dl ―w`cem'''

fham alm fhyh,e cHøfe f`.ns'''˜ lsn,elsn`fjm jm tM jsy~ of js ae :s oj ahyh,m fd wc :3< :sòj Tcjm lhuh:m: js ans' w¿6f:m jsy~ of:3<sjm ,hòj uejasl ahcn ls asò fhb.hjmuld jh:s fpj byalsjm ,hòj<eul weamfebnd fve òe`yem T:3â ofw:mblsjmj cq²fjm'

cuJ `je bhj l6e lsÃu ofqjm fvjw`nl3d wh:s lrjm`jm öQe, oeBeflm'fpj l6elsÃùjm ,hòj weamfebnd ndf] öd asysn b uq<e fj w:r nâ `f,efl Oefje ujaslernl `n`bjmjd .sn ödll6e l< bH as:mys `bemxler `bjfe' as:nulsjm whöam aY wh:s oflm" ce,jn l<`je yhls as:3ö,s auqbenlsjm csÃ wh:s oflm bh`jjfe' lY bH b `je lY bH b asys fjfe' as: tM `â w: öas`rjfe' `âjs ae Oefjefld as: tlØ lr .hjYud

ò`yöjm òAmlr `fjfe' tu jsae cuJbhj w¿6f:m `bnlm cuJlm u l6e `ledjsy~ of cqrhò lsÃu we¿n Q%eflnl3 yd`le:râ T:3â `bnlm bK

we¿n jsy~ of cqrhò lsÃud uy:m

csdq o,nlm ,hòj`bnlm :uns csÒa auØ wh,Y .h,Y `je asëu' wjfQN`,a csÒa auØwh,Y .h,Y asëùjm `je bhjY u wjfQNfpj l6e lsÒudcd,hñ waxfrñu asò fj `bnlm'

tnsjm Oe.Nf:3jmfyjm am fbe< lenö`øl`njm" Ý:m:ö`øl`njm we¿nQ% eflne f wH:m lr:ojfe' `â B¿uncsÒa auØ wh,Y `je asíj `ljed ýacsÒa auØ wh,Y .h,Y asíj `ljed `jefj of Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am fbe`<m tujs ans' tls jle yuq f] öd lrhJq `bllm l< nq:3ns lsn,e

oqòrieJjm fyjm am fbe<e' tjâ _Bâùfe l6e& B¿u l6e lrjmj µj" _wÒ`nem fe :3jmyYOe`fem& t`yu jh:s jâ we¿njsQmQãb:efn fQ`njm gjmj µj'

wjfQN `bm l6e `je lr asëuue¿.C, wfòemBnd fqfuje" `je,ho] c%Ôf ,hïu cs‖a:m" ,ho] c%Ôf Oefje fQ`njm ÎnqJq cuqJq lr .hjYucs‖a:m u],sl fjmje f] lrhJlm `,aweÎo%ymupÒncZmÞ a]:% nm § Oe.Nf:m oqòrieJjm fyjm am `bmQje `led fbe<e'B¿u`nm yhas rj nâ csÒalm uhbd .snöd _wjejelÙ`lem `yem:s& fqfuje jh:s"wjx ujx fpj l6e lrjm`jm jH' tl tl öler `bmf,m l6e lrjmj njm jm jH' _w:srÁ[ejlÙ`lem& :sÒajm l6ef,"`b:s am l6ef, `n`bjm`jm jhyh' _aeux feBâux Oea:s& Uyq öasjm byâ lrhJlm uns lsnjm jm' _crx fe wÆÌîà:s& t`yujh:sjâ :f `l`jl3d B¿u lrhJlm lYu a|ye Tjjmò lrfjfe' tM `bl u`l`rjm jm jh:sjâ :ujm .m Oefjeflm cs‖a we¿n jsy~:efn glmufe

njm jm jhyh'' jsfjd uq,m fj lrhJlm `,a wjfQN l6e`fjm fh<lY" T:3âjsy~:efn aq/lYu `l:râ fhb.:m bKnjmj ýjm chyhÎ,s `fjfe' l6e oy lsÃuýjs am ao|:efjmys u],sl ,lmAJnlm js ae

ùàm wjq.ujn lsÃu g:e òAmlr `bnlm`,a `c`jmö' juq:m aar òlsjm jsbyam ñud nj .u`jm wl3a,mf,sjm `ãre .hjYu".3J B¿u fhéu :u :ujm `c!bm.,slfl< nq:3 js ae Tcl%uQY,Yf" :hjd aqòaq jqfJ _jscl .3Jn& ceöÁÝ lsÃu l<nq:3 `fjfe' `le`yeu juq:m as:d tj tj`bm l6e lrýjm `â B¿u ue¿.n cqrhòlrjmj" tys ÎnqJqflm lre nHu `je yhls `bnlm u ns'

Oe.Nf:m oqòrieJjm fyjm am we¿njsQmQãb:efn ò`yöjm w.n `ledfbe<e' tM cs<so| :u Q% eflnjmd òe`yemàm :Îjm wfBerJn l< wfam6e je.s: a]:%n" pe:3u a]:%n weÎ aq:% `bmQjefjm.Jjefl blmjd ,hòjfe' Oe.Nf:3jmfyjm am jsy~:mfn `l:râ w.n l<eb uy `?emAefjm `l:râ c%:slm Amc l<eb n:m nâ csÒalm `?emAeleÃ fqf`ye:m tfhjs csÒam _.sys chöÎ `ãbnlsjm `:erf&c%:slmÀmc lrjfe' _.Á[6" OslmL`ø"cJeu`âý `fem¦ j `fem uu ajm:s lm f:m6ãoVVjm:s& ―uy`Jjs" Uo,e gf:m fnjmj' Uo,ed ue <Ø gjmj ohyh'˜ ns fbere Ufqjm ohyhr lr bujfe' w,mcQãb of" t`yu jh:sjâ fepasl axfrn Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am `l:râ w.n l<eb njmj ùnsjm wcd .uN `fjfe' tM `fj ls asflm js ae `je f uqjsfr`nlm

ñud" uqjsfÒnlm ñud Qejm: f] tM uqjsf:Wiq f u wfQN aqòaqlulm fj js ans'wh:m :jm u `l`,aqjm abyd u jsy~ l< tM js l`,am uqjsfrhjm .m `,emln `l:râ aqjmbr wh:s bK we¿n jsQmQãb:efn jâ f]T:3â Ý:m: aueæ ahcn w:mö¢jmj Ufqjm l6e l< fbjm `l:râ Qejm:" aqjmbr"w¿6f:m fbjm fjmjd wh:s bK

Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am .m aHoHQ% efl`nl3 jâ Tjmfyjm am c%Qxae l< tM axfrlu wc `làm `yem wh:s lr.:nq:3 `fjfe' axfrQY,Y bujnlm wh:s lr.:`ye:m aHoHfd u bujn f] `l`jl3 ofd c:m ñud yhlsnef ,hòjfe'

js y~ fj .3yefl

àeôrh yq`bl,e`fl

oqò as:l wh:s aqfn uybd:m bh`jmfe'''

T:m:Ã:r

yq`bl,ef'''

adyj

aqrx. c% snb¿Qj


7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


Õf`jem cen `,a òAmpÒ: ue¿.nlm `:emre`.j ù`,ef § w`jml öB ldql w:mbhlYâf,duqyqJ býjm cr`,ef § ls ne jsu l< `je yhlswe§jf `cjs `cjY :u as rhr a`<¨jmd öl3Jeuqb,m àñud uy uØd `.ev fqJq oÜí`.m l:efUod gas beas n as ys c:m lrjm jd wh:hns as :ý'whn :u lhuh:m :jm u w.:s nd .sne cuJlm `je f caq .s n wfqrhò cy`<efl :râ le,nlm:samàm csÒýjm as n byal`.m Õö: b ì,s `.j

wh:' cfq,m lYnlm lve ì| bujmjd whn uq,mfjm jd wh:s bK oÜí`.m /ls ne`ø auei ö`rem æof tjnsjm u c%ld `ø' yq`blm am:% Y wØ caØ,oe u`,efd ìys ñùjm cuJlm .hyhjsnllejm :eflm `je `ø' zlejm:efV njm`jjm js fadlejm :sn `.j `bjm jY nj w¿6n `.j tj ofwbyals ' tu ,s cs n ls n f] lejm:efjm d" .hyhjqjm`je ñ lejm :efjm u fjm jd wh:s auei f.lYuoÜí`.m l:e`fjm gamu:3 `ø'

ùu òAm pÒ:`nm oh2rhâlu ud :Îjm bhJq`jm whn ls nq ―`â fh`ç uy:m :ne" l3 vq ìøfef`.m csÒý whãohys lud wyq `fj `bnlm" T.3,dfhdq Je:m gfrns '˜ njm jjs' je je am frHcf,sjm`fam .jm fe .:m oÜí,e `le`:l3:m auei`nmgjm je of `:m rhâ `.j lens l uejasl axfrn

wh:slr `je .:`ye:m ù`,ef § brh cfq,m lve öaqrhfe`.j" wfaej`nm `rem .Y jm ofdb c:m ñ cr`,ef § ldqgXq`,m" `,em l3Xq jsr`nmòlm ö¢jmjd fj of calm lr .hjY u oqbm æu:mahu`.m f.lY u `ø'

rh‖l ojmBje.er js,BeÃjm`.mwfarn wh:sf ùfr uel:efd tlm lr .:m`:m `âfj öd y:<s am jf yhöÒÎfnàm caq fj cqbm.,`nls'Uyqd bner:mj n' ue:`,m j.r`njm ls`,emùd¿ y: wdlm ohyhr csíar .ul Õf:m f] brhfjm yn `b`jl3`.jm nq:m

cfq,l :3jm fhjmje bner:mj n' gjmjysíjmjd `.m`ber ay wlmlr Oe.nlcuJ gvulm :soqJ b tbe `ø, l3,Y fhv

lsÃùjm Tcne.:m `buecsnjm`.m wOsc% enf] nm brhfjm yn `bje `ye| ýjs aqjm ùjmaueind beneb lsÃu n' cfq`,m wje.:n`fjam uØld yhrfq Jm bner:mjd fnawfqrhò by y:rlm `fbm§ :e:m:e ýn neujsae n' tM fj öd wfqrhò cylm fnah:sjx.Y `l`jl3 b wfqrhbmblm fnah:s l3 veu,m,s `l`jl3 b ön' csne ýn nj öd:m w:ruØ lve fhë :soqJq bner:mj`.m cea,m wBNecjn csne`.m urJn auØls asò w`cmlmAeflm `je uh:s f w:m yhrbujmjd asò ön' cea,m wBNecjnd :uwnsne b auØ wenqòemfjm lsn] bner:mj`.br jv:m:3fd nulm wâued àene`bjmjd je je c%ler /lsnefjmys `nò`Jmn' ―w`cm wâue yÒu `ye| `l`jlm':e:m:e jh:s `fj `led fhå fnalm jhyh' oecmce `l`jl3 auØ `je `.eam Õö:n u lhc lr, brhfjm ybe fve

.:m:e' jrl jeunlm wy.:m :m jhyh'˜bner:mj wâue .hj lsnns '

bner:mj`.m cfq,m Õö:n:u jsfàm asd ah:cqâ yn y:lm

wH: .ul ue,jY Uyqd yuqfq Jm /lsneflm a|ye tu .ud .sn ö`dl §n' wfqrhò .Jjlm bhj yh¢j `.j`cm %u aâojmB:eflm .evj.e.:m Uyq jsas l,d whn öfey lr`.j uy`.brd lhjmbe`.j we`ø n' tM fjöd:m öfey ñ uy`.bÒjm ohyhr f asía`yembr a`yembÒnjm yhr g:sÒ wn:m"wâue:m auØ au.s`njm uy `.br Õf:mfjmjd Ufqjd yhlsnef ,hoq‖' wfqrhòtlyuerlsjm cuJ caqf bner:mj nqf,dÎn‖nl ,hoq‖' `â fj öd bner:mjfhv l`<m neob .`â öQe, .,m fhvc<l n' uyjm as njm fhv l< :rudgchnYu fhå n' wh`Øm aö Qlm:sn jsae

fhå cqr fhv `led Tcne.:m uqb,sjm `.br jv:m:3f:m `led ah,lsn nq:3uqb,lm g:sÒ lr .hjYud Uyq au:m ön'òfd wfqrhò `bllm cuJ fj öd whn`.m wje.:n .hj as:e leur `bll3:m"


94 `fjs csdqfd'''

l3am asnl3:m ays: f l3 ve jsfalm uy`.br gv`â cy<sjm ybe`.j cÎxÝnd .s`nm n' `fr ñÒn `nebe fhv `led `.br tj bner:mj afam neu`nm whØ c:

àembe`.j Îjc:e u aY,m wrlml3 oe.nlm òejmjd cqrhò ñ así`nm n' Uyq lsnjwelernd wh`Øm uyjm asnd tM u:mchjm íl ìøf:m ls as u `l`jl3d :ue`.jm lrbrnlm ñ jh:'

Oe¿nef`.m {e:s a`yembr`nlm

bner:mj`.m Oe¿nef`.m jh.‖n öfey lr`.j así :hjh:m:e`.m a`yembr`nl3 f] i.:m fhduens ujm `fjmf] w,m,cqgv`â jsfalm :je`.jcÎxÝnd we`ø n' òÒjm fj{e:slud wu:r f Uyq l,lm :s amàm bhj yh¢j así cqbm.,`nl3 f] jsaei.:m .m chýŗu :ujmd

uy:m c% nemijf:m `bnlm fjq wh:hns bner:mj as:+ js ae Uyq`.m `.m `ber ybe.jmjd cfe òe`yem Tclerl`<m n' g:e `ye¢jm l,lm whaqrh l<:m Uyq auØchf:s aâojmBlâ l%u`njm wH:m l`<m i.:m cdjm .:m w¨:m /lsnef cs<so|:soqJq wlhuh:m: js ae n'i.:m lsÜdqf .ulsjm `:e.fQ`njm ohr,mf,sjm `.j tj lascmcq öA u:mchjm òem:,mf,d cqrfe c%`bmQ`nm `yer u:mchjm y,mf,dòbe yhÃud cdjm .:m :m n' tcuJlm `je f :u jsfa b `yer aqre :scm`ce<lmofd c:m lr .:m`:m n' tM öA u:mchjm ceöÁÝnd :ujm .m fhd uensu Î`.m

i.:m .m jsfad Îjc:e öQe, ceÒÒem.slcsÒalm /am fqJq w:r gjm òe`yeunlm `bje òasÒ`:jm w.:snd .sn wn ön' ld`.ejmjlm ï .jmj aqre àe~qjm .m `?emAef:u cfq,d uy:m lrbrnlm ön'

:u`.m lascmcq ïud tjmjhns i.:mjs:r whöí,s l<:m tys `je ne`â :ucs<s`f: Î.d u cf:mfe`.j neudbner:mj au:m ön' ùn i.:m .m

bhå `lemcnd:m" G¿ANefd:m `ym:3 ön':% am:fe§ wr., chf:s le,`nm uensâ.ul cÎxÝ f así i.:m .%eurlmAlàmf`nm `n§ asín b re:% Y uqr axpernl`n`bbm§ lrj ,b frblm js ae .ùjm csdux lrj ,bm bls' tM jsae uq, asd

w.d u frÎjm uÕf:mf]`fls'

:ue`.m gv`âjsfàjm cy<`leda .,m ljmbls' :hj:hj öasrhJq uye .,m w:`¿:m" tys fhñ :soqJq g¨lm .e,mf,:m lascmcq aØfe:hïu bner:mjduy:m lrbrnlm

ön' U:m:3flm u: `ce,Y asnfhd,Yulm l`<e:m jslrh`Jm jvquk.d chd`,jmjd:ued asòfj ofchyhÎ,s lr §:u gv`â lascmcq aØfjmjd tcenhns lYu js aei.:m bner:mj`l`rys ``frohjm bm n'

`â w:r:3rg:sÒ lr.:m

uqb,sjm :u jsfa leur :3jlsjm aujmö:fj àm fhå ÎnqJq `led cs<s f,lm lr.hjYud bner:mjd yhlsñu i.:m .m bhåG¿ANefd `ym:3flm ön' 2d ld `.ejmjlm

ï .jmje i.:m :u fhd uensu Î`.m whöbnjm jm fyas oam `bevýjs' bner:mj`.m jsfàm ,nsÜ jsfe :oe wh:s öd Uyqd:s:m: l3Jqyrh`cjm ohJ fÎj i.:m js aeÎ.sjm Î.d u uy:m ysÒyhr t,m, fjmjd

ön' `làm fqf:m `fÒ jh:sf bf,m frhf,§ yuqfj öd Uyq aqybf l:e oam lsÃudb wu:l `je l`<m n'

f,m T!rh uam aebnneob .`â cqbm.,njm whdf] ujmbld

f,m T!`rl3 yaq ñ uhÃ wh:s of i.:mdwerxÝ ön' ò`yöjm w:ýd arhf asíjs ae uq² T!re u ý,d .hjYu .hd¨flm `je ñ n' ýn .sn T!re ý:3`rl3 .m ayen wh:sf :%s remb r6nl bue`.j`.br `.je i.:m T! cq²am ae uam lsÃ`âbhfhjm: reileÒnl jsnq:3 ön' Uyq`.m aqre àe~ ý:3rjm ay .jq`bjqlrhfjm gf fhëùjm ùjm i.:m .m jsfad lvefhdq‖' T`bm asd i.:m .m `.br oifq aeb cf:mfjmjd ön' le,`.emÜín tjmj tjmj u fhå n' `â w:r:3r :u wa,mfhas bner:mj b aâojmB lr.hjYu i.:m`.m cru wOs,ean ön' Uyq f:m`:jm chj y:m wd .ujlm u bner:mj fhv whÃ chýJwh:mbhns öuae wh:'

afa cyyuerd cuJ aqcqrhò cÒÎ

fhv`ce`<m asd bner:mj `.br chý‖`nm n' Uyq .m ll3, u: fhdqJq .,mc:3rlmjs ae `,el3 :3fe,nlm asò ñ wh:' uhyqâ`bllm b `nebe :3fe,nd ò`y:m bbue`.j `.br we ö.a uqyqJ ld àembeu:mchjm íllm cejn `led wh:' `øbjef`.jòjm ll3, b u|lm Uafe :oe `.j:u brhfjm `b`bje auØ rHcfeysjsnjrXjmjd ön' `â fj öd `ø,ef re:%Y y:d cuJ wh:' ―bner:mj wnsne wefebK uu `â bfa cqre u w,m, .jmj d%ns lrjfe' uam íllm tlml wånlm .yjmjl:e lrjmjns we`ø'˜ l3 am asn ch:m`:jm we tM y~ i.:m`.m of yôje.jmjdbner:mjd yhls ön' ön yhls wj¿6n.hj fdye .:m ìÒn :fu:m bner:mjfhv whÃ `.br chýJ jh:hns lYfe n' t:hjsjm `je jhf:3Jq" cbud `fÒu:m ñ así i.:m gÎÒ `ß`rjm `.d `.ev `fbm§

ae,`nm así bner:mj ½l ―`â gjm`jbner:mj wnsne' nuq le w`cm `.br `ceåwånlm .yjmj' f,m T!rh uaq:m :s njfe'lÜín:m yqØlm gjmjfe' l,e:3rlsjm yâo

yXe we

a:3re

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper



lâc, adyj:rhJ ldnq:3 wue:NxQ`nm

ysdcq `,m lâjY:Y{ as Òce, öÒ:uq,m,

94 `fjs cs dq`fjm'''wcreBnl :Yjmòf

`fj ie:snlm jm'''' nuq le'˜ lsnýjmwhfí,s lrjmjd ön' bner:mj tys neudls asàm:m lhu:s jh:' :ue`.m ll3 ,m :3fe,n `cjmfe ―`fjsfh,m.hd òejmjd:m :s njfe'˜ nhns lsne g:e `ye¢jm i.:m`.m lYu gf:,Y n' jned .haqfelm ùjm TrJf] i.:m lH .ae ―ë' ñ' tl jsfecjm lsne:¿ijn l`<M n' ―wcs o,jm`j w`cm ë' ñ'tl" :uq a fhvlm o,e`.j njfe'˜ nhns bner:mj lsnbm§ l3 ve brhfjm `b`bje bi.:m oecmc`. ëö tl Une fy.jmj˜

lsne c%:s per blmfe wh:' `fÒ u`:jm fh`jýjm" crhA fpj`njm ohJ fÎýjm brhfjm `b`bje `bad chjmj i.:m fh<hlmñud bner:mj gÎÒnd we`ø n'

`â le,`.emÜín whaY i.:m`.m ìÒ|b chýJ Uyq w`:jm whb`.j njmjd

T:m aey bre wh:' g`jm :soqJ csysn whbwhnd b wjsjmjd ahraqJq öd ìÒ| ―µjH`bnlm lr .jmjfe˜ nhns lsne ohyhr`.eam wh:' w`jlm w:d yhrhJq i.:m w`:m :soqJ öò,s cjmbùjm bner:mj`.mys ad :Îjm cyrlm .haq ø n' bner:mj`.m ys am f] :3fe,`njm `,m .,jmjd ön'gjm `je jhf:3Jq i.:m `fÒ ur.e`:m ubner:mjd cyr `bjmjd cdjm .:m`:mn' c%:sc%yer `býjm i.:m c,fe yhÃudbner:mj .:m T:maeyn `l<fr fq`Jm wfeajefjm: `,a n' bner:mjd cyrlm.ha] cn wXrfe yhÃùjm i.:m ýò`,m :soqJq .,m `.evlm Tv fhdq Jm .almlve `y²fe ùjs' `lemcn gyfye .snbner:mj brhJq cyrlm uqyqJd .ae:fòrd:m :ue /ôJ`ye:m uye öjeQnlm ön yhls nhns as:e chj `.eam wh:'bner:mj`.m ìÒn `â ls asflm `je ½j

ì`nm brhfjm `b`bje auØ `.ns `ßrfae`.j n'

i.:m `remy,dcÒarn jsy~ n' i.:m c%ueb whns

½ns àñud Uyq`.m ìÒn:m" aeb`nm así

a.nsjq:m chýJ wh:' `,mö,lm uhb .,m `.ev Tv" Tv - oh,s w:d fh:sÃ asíi.:m ½l wh:' :3fe,lrh `remy,d `.j.sn:m aq² `ø,eflsjm ýn `.eam wh:' caqßbner:mj `ce,s am am6ejnd `.eam oerñ wh:' uea :3jl le,nlm Uyq Òuejm çoer`nm asd whc :oe `.br `.j njq ,ho] w:r `.m wfd uy wuq:3 `fjalm ñ:sòj of ½Jqjs'

`je asôJq ``frn `â uea :3jl le,n :3< .âc% bmQ`nm así ßuÒl cqbm.,`nl3 auØi.:m .m ìÒn cfq,m ljmjd cdjm `.jwh:m :m `ce`rejmò .söaqulm u: n' i.:m uhrH c,sn .jmjd glmujsjm u bner:mjure ½ùud tM ßuÒl cqbm.,ne .söaqâ.: ñ :soq‖' `â of werxÝ ñu js aebner:mj así`nm àemÎas`njs' `bfhjs frdb wfeajefjm: grJuld uqyqJ §u

fh<Hlmñud TcenQY,Y f] bner:mj :ueurjmjd jsfad týjm así tM ßuÒlne`ce,s asnd yaq lr §ud au:m ön'

§¿? jvq öOe.nlm aefbN ujqAN ?e:jnlm asò l`<m nnj `pembjef u: bner:mjd örhbmB f§¿? jvq öOe.nlm chf:3‖' whasjm òdq aelmAs ls asflm `je :soqJ b bner:mjfhrÎlrh ön' wfqrhò bynl asr b~qfulmb rhcsn,m ba byal bvnlm b jsnu ön'bvn `je `.fq`fe:m asr b~qfu wfqrhò`ß<yuerlm fjq wh:' `â fjöd asrb~qfu far tl yuerlm `.fe wfajm n':f:m òe`yem l,m Uyqd asr uhÎÒ`nm /£ asëud asò fjq wh:'

brh cfq, `â fjöd :u În‖n wfqrhò öam alm fnah:s n' öfeyl n' whnd brh`fl3 b

asë' :u uqjqoqre`.m aqr:,m o,jmjd `jeyhls ñùjm bner:mj uy:m `øbje`fjmcaq `ø' cq:e :fu cea,m nns' Uyq /lsnefld neuq `led nyc:m cqrfhas nl3 lsÃu Uyqd wh:s orc:< weQefls'

:ue asruhò`¿ `ledq ñ asíbm§ Ufqjm`.mwje.:n .hj o,jm jm `làm bK :uìÒn g:e nyc:m lejm:efl of as:jbner:mj :ue wysý ñùjm whn ö¢j òlm ljmbref .hj uy:m àm òlm `fns'

:ue `ye| aö Qlm:sn wh:scqbm.,`nl3 of:m" `ye|d le ï cqrhò`l`jlm of:m lsnns' asr `.br we caq:ue`.m whØ c: wvq ñ fhyhÃ wh:s oflsnj Uyq csd: § :ued ,hoqJq ahc jh:s ñùjm òlm `fns' :ued wysý f] jsbyaUyqd ½`jjm`jm uyùr wysý fqJe àm n' ―uu U`ym jsbyàm Õf:m fqJq ýjs ylm'½jm ud `cmjm jm yhußu `cmj u]J] íl'ud t<snd njmj ,hòjm`jm lfß bK˜Uyq :h`fns' :ue yâo lr.:m àm a: ujvqfd önbâ fqJq of lsnj bner:mj`â js ae :ue òlm uyjm as njm Tcne.:m `bm jslrh`Jm öjeQ ñ .sn welern.hj as:e òlm `fns' asr`.ns .: lrjuq² le,n u Uyqd wje¿Ùl le,nls'`fr ñÒn `neß fhvc< lrjmjd cq²fjm wfqrhò `ß<yuerlm :3< wysý fj /lsneweßnu Uyq as:sjm .Jjn lrns' ìÒndye brhfjmd :ue`.jm ön nq:3 nq:3lâ gdqlr .jmjd gvlm jh:' ys am wya `bao,e js:r aq aqâ `y<j bner:mj wh¢Òf:m u asr uhÎÒ`nm wô`rjm uy:m Ý:m:cY vefld c:m `fns' :u Õö:n wªrh f]feùjm u :ue js ae wysý f] Õö:n .hj bUyq :3< wjqlâceflm wh:s fj of lsnns'i.:m :ue`.m urJn :ue u g,m,e ,oe.:m `bnlm `,a Uyq lsnjm`jm tn c] ¿f`nm l¿unlm bhns waýjs'

by`â ßnebn `â asbmæn uye wfeajefjm: tlls' tn wfeajefjm: tllm ofd c:m lsÃud uq,m fq Jm wBu Îö `cf:ld

`neuq f] i.:m .m `je cj:mlâ n' `âl% sneßun ujqAN ?e:jnlsjm `l<fr ñufh<hlmñud bner:mjd `je yhls fq Jm whnsK Oe.Nf:3jm fyjm am òjm wffebwjqf ùfjm w¿oqb wfam6efl § :f

íllm gfae asíjmjd bner:mjd yhlsfqJe jâ i.:m wb:m Õf:3jm w:r n'Uyq asr uhÎÒnl ö¢j òlm ljmbref wbö¢jm jm jh:' :u cfq, auØ a:3íjm Õf:m fjfe ön yhls n' nâ w¿oqbwfam6ef,d wcd uqyqJ §ud asò ñu amfOeöl n' ycjmlu fjm jm tM fe uhby:m f öa\ .hjYud wc blmfj au:mluns' cqbm.,njmd ùfjm öc:mf,d òe`yemöd u uqyqJ §ud asò fjm jm l¿un ßneblr`.j asíje ohöjs' Tfòrhf,d uqyqJ§`â § jqf‖jm a,le weQ%fnjm c%e`nem.slf òrh l< n q: 3 welernj m c s< so|f aãoeaf a]:% nm § oqòrieJjm fyjmàmöasjm `bmQje lrj ,§' Tfòrhf, §`lemcn" :ry" bm øAn" ``frn `.evjh`.j öd tM fe ñÒn `led gfaY ujm jh:s lr .hjYud fHnâ l< nq:3 n' tàmu jqf‖jm nq:3 f uØ yhr neu b Tcenlm `,a Oeö: lrjmjd Tjmfyjm am wjq½jfßre wh:' :f b jqfJ ceöÁÝ `ledldnq:3 l< nq:3 `fns' au6 öb¿Qje Oefje :3<sjm b ùoô weQ%f òrh lr½ùud yhls `fns'

i.:m l< l3cs: lsÃâ :f òrd:m gfaqfe jâ" TcenQY,Y f uØ yhÒne jâ"jqf‖jm l,mcje l<e jâ ay ajm aqjm as: wh:s lr .:m:e jâ `â öc:m asn,m,nyc:m wnqrlsjm wfajm fj of js ahl n'

ö`Qm A cqJNejq uembjef fh,slv ojmBje.er`nm ojmBje.er wæleÃ.eýŗ inas xy uy:ed ay js rjm:r`njm Tclerlrj ojmBje.er aqOaeBj js ,BeÃ tÁ' tM'cbm uas Ò `c`¿re uy:ed

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


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aY' é' öl%ujenl - `o,sw:m:

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


91`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j''' 91`.!:u oqòriqjm`.m abyâ aeu ajm`bmQn /`.j'''

7/23/2019 vol-4-3-paper


_7;=9 w`.emam:3 - ahcm:hâo¿&5; Q%Y oqb mB f¿A 7884 - jsls‖ l,ecn

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