VIBRIO CHOLERAE

By :Mohammed k younus

There are numerous strains of V. cholera , some of which are pathogenic and some of which are not. v. cholerae survives the high acidic environment of the stomach, it will stick to the walls of the small intestine and reproduce.

Vibrio cholerae is a facultative anaerobe and facultative anaerobe is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent.

WHERE IT CAN BE FOUND ???

The cholera bacterium is usually found in or that have been contaminated by faeces (poop) from a person infected with cholera.

Poor Sanitation Inadequate Hygiene Inadequate Water Treatment

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a few

hours or as long as five days after infection. Often, symptoms are mild. But sometimes they

are very serious. About one in 20 people infected have severe

watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, which can quickly lead to dehydration.

Although many infected people may have minimal or no symptoms, they can still contribute to spread of the infection

SYMPTOMS :• diarrhea. Cholera-related diarrhea comes on suddenly and may

quickly cause dangerous fluid loss as much as a quart (about 1 liter) an hour.

• Nausea and vomiting. Occurring especially in the early stages of cholera, vomiting may persist for hours at a time.

• Dehydration. Dehydration can develop within hours after the onset of cholera symptoms. Depending on how many body fluids have been lost, dehydration can range from mild to severe. A loss of 10 percent or more of total body weight indicates severe dehydration.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION HEART

● Extreme thirst Muscle ● Muscle cramps ● Lethargy (lack of energy & enthusiasm) Behaviour ● Irritable (easily upset) Urinary System ● Little / no urine output

● Arrhythmia (Irregular heartbeat) ●Low blood pressure Skin ● Loss of skin elasticity ● Dry and shriveled skin Nasal ● Dry mucous membrane ( mouth, throat, nose & eyelids)

F THE DEHYDRATION IS NOT TREATED, IT CAN LEAD TO SHOCK AND DEATH IN A MATTER OF HOURS.

TREATMENT Main treatment:• Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement (Hydration)• Depending on how severe the diarrhea is, treatment will consist of oral or intravenous solutions • Severe infections – dehydration occurs: antibiotics • kill the bacteria • reduce the duration of diarrhea by half • reduce the excretion of the bacteria

• Use and drink bottled, boiled, or chemically disinfected water for daily activities • Avoid raw foods • Unpeeled fruits and vegetables • Unpasteurized milk and milk products • Raw or undercooked meat or shellfish • Fish caught in tropical reefs, which may be contaminated • Wash hands regularly with soap• Avoid areas and people with cholera PREVENTION

Thank Youfor your

attention