UAM in the city - NAG · © NLR 2019 - NAG UAM Round Table 22 Example • Autonomous drone to...

NAG | November 24th 2019

UAM in the city

© NLR 2019 - NAG UAM Round Table 2

Dit NLR-document is bedrijfsvertrouwelijk voor de ontvanger en mag niet geheel of gedeeltelijk worden gekopieerd, gedistribueerd of gereproduceerd, noch worden doorgegeven aan een derde partij zonder voorafgaande

schriftelijke toestemming van NLR. Gebruik, opzettelijk of onopzettelijk, van enige inhoud, informatie of diensten in dit document op een manier die in strijd

is met het doel van dit document is niet toegestaan.


Problem statement

Drone and UAM services can make jobs in the city easier, safer and more

efficient. BUT the urban airspace is still largely unavailable due to

regulatory and societal constraints.

(Render: Volocopter website)


NLR scope for UAM

Services in very low airspace (<150 m) that either...

• carry a human or other sensitive payload, and/or

• operate above a high risk area (where people live or work)

For example:

intra-city air taxi service (piloted or otherwise)

drone operations in an urban environment

X surveillance missions above a remote area

What is needed the operate in the city?



Check list

Business case

Regulatory compliance

Urban environment

Public acceptance

Part I Regulation



Regulation

Manned, commercial aviation

Drones UAM

Vehicle EASA CS-25 & CS-29 Speciaal Bewijs van Luchtwaardigheid (S-BvL)

CS-23 VTOL

Operator EASA Part-CAT RPAS Operator Certificate (ROC)

EASA Part-CAT?

Pilot EASA Part-FCL Remotely Piloted Aircraft-Licence (RPA-L)

EASA Part-FCL?

Operation PANS-OPS EU drone rules (EASA) PANS-OPS, EU drone rules?

ATC PANS-ATM U-space PANS-ATM, U-space?

Infra EASA part ADR ? ?

Maintenance EASA Part-M, CAMO ? EASA Part-M, CAMO ?

1. New certificate for each individual vehicle and after each (software) update

2. Does CS23 apply to commercial operations? 3. UAM first as conventional helicopter, later stage as part of U-space

1 2

3


EU drone regulation

CERTIFIED

SPECIFIC

OPEN

Mission risk

Ve

hic

le e

ne

rgy


The 3 EASA Categories of Operation Principles

• Performance based

• Risk-based

• Operation centric

• Rules at EU level

• Implementation at national level

• No distinction between recreational and professional

• Combination of aviation regulations and product requirements

Part II Urban environment


Current operating environment

Urban operating environment


Urban environment

(Image: Google Maps)

Challenge 1

• High-rise buildings

– Line of sight

– Micro climate



Challenge 2

• Lack of space

– Existing infra

– Obstacles

– Integration other transport modes



Challenge 3

• People & property

– Liability

– 3rd party risk

– Annoyance



Part III Public acceptance


Zeitgeist


Noise Climate change & air quality

Safety Privacy

Acceptance worst case

• Be fussy about the (noise) impact

• Start your communication late and

impose a given

• Forget to link to the greater good

• Target only a small (elite) user group



Acceptation is a balance

Perceived benefit

Perceived annoyance

It’s all about communication

Lessons learned from aviation & wind turbines about engagement

1. Timely

2. Honest

3. Clear “what does it mean for me?”

• Stimulate engagement and co-creation

• Link to noble motives



Example

• Autonomous drone to detect waste on the streets and signal to municipality.

• A drone will fly at 50 meters for 5x 5 minutes above a single neighborhood

• Drone should reduce street waste by 50%, control pests and lead to lower costs and emissions for garbage collection. As a result taxes can be 5 EUR lower per month and we reduce our footprint by 8%. BTW no fines will be issued based on drone footage

• Come discuss routes (2 alternatives), altitudes (low-medium-high) and flight speed (fast high noise, slow low noise)


And this is what you can expect

Part IV Conclusions


Main hurdles


Annoyance Regulatory framework

Certification of advanced autonomy/automation

Business Case


NLR & UAM

Focus points

• Safety and certification of automated systems

• Public acceptance of UAM

• Safe integrations of drones and UAM in the airspace

Goal

• Enable informed decisions by governments and industry


NLR & UAM

NLR research & (future) services

• Mobile VR simulation with accurate audio (VCNS)

• Research project on urban noise

• Flight test support and U-space validation projects

• Research project on the safety and certification aspects of advanced

autonomy

Bijzonder betrokken Koninklijk Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum

NLR Amsterdam Anthony Fokkerweg 2 1059 CM Amsterdam t ) +31 88 511 31 13 e ) [email protected] i ) www.nlr.nl

NLR Marknesse Voorsterweg 31 8316 PR Marknesse t ) +31 88 511 44 44 e ) [email protected] i ) www.nlr.nl

Rui Roosien e) [email protected]

UAM in the city - NAG · © NLR 2019 - NAG UAM Round Table 22 Example • Autonomous drone to...

Documents

Transcript of UAM in the city - NAG · © NLR 2019 - NAG UAM Round Table 22 Example • Autonomous drone to...