Av-ß-TÙ-We-LsÆ—-YÙ-Nj-ßp Lh•˘V›l--◊-Rp

Lt-TÙ-˚\-VÙ-°V C˙V-—-°-±v-’-Æu-˙Up Av-ß-TÙ-W-™-”-Rp

(ÌdLÙ 6:48)

J⁄- EXLXÙÆV

°WÙU

FØ-Ve-Ls

˘Y∞¬”

www.villageministries.org

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CkR ◊jRLjß-p Es-[˚YL˚[ ©W-ß G”dL‹m Æ≤˙VÙ°d-L‹m Ut-\Yo-L-fidœ °±v-’-˚Yl-Tt-±Ÿm ˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙoj-

˚R˚V-Ÿm ˙TÙßd-L ET˙VÙLl-T”jR‹m VMI GkRj R-≤ ST⁄dœm AßLÙW-m ˘LÙ”d-°-\-’; B´‡-m Í-Xl ◊jRLj˚R UÙt-\˙YÙ, ß⁄jR-˙YÙ, UÙflRp --˘NnV˙YÙ (A’ GqY[‹ £±V UÙflRXÙ´⁄kRÙ¤m) ·-PÙ-’. Cߤs-[Yt-˚\l TVu T”j-’-

Y-Rt-œ GkR R≤ U≤R≤P˙UÙ ApX’ œ›ÆP˙UÙ VÙ⁄m LhPQm Y„- d-Ld-·-PÙ-’. VMI CYt˚\ ET˙VÙLl-T”jR GkR

Lh-P-Q-ÿm Y„- l-Tßp˚X, Gu\ °⁄-˚T´u ˘LÙs˚L˚V E˚PVRÙ´⁄d-°-\-’.

AvßTÙWeL∞u GkRÆRUÙ] ©WߢV”jRp, Æ≤˙VÙ°jRp, Af—lTßjRp ApX’ GkR ET˙VÙL˙UÙ, ET˙VÙ°dLlThP

ARu Cflßl Tœß´p ∏rLiPYt˚\ ÿ›˚UVÙLl ˙TÙP˙Yi”m.

Copyright © 2001 by Village Ministries International, Inc. A‡UߟPu UflTßl◊ ˘NnVlThP’.

Foundations is a publication of Village Ministries International, Inc. www.villageministries.org

© 2001 by

Village Ministries International, Inc. (VMI)

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˘TÙ⁄-[-Pd-Lm

Ae-∏-LÙ-Wm-------- ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

ÿu-‡˚W..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 1 BWm©jRp.... ................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Tœß 1 J⁄-Y-W’ R≤l-ThP BVj-Rm ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Tœß 2 ˙YRÙ-L-Um ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

Tœß 3 J⁄ YW-XÙt-fld Li-˙QÙh-Pm ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Tœß 4 J⁄ LÙX-Y-¨˚N Li-˙QÙh-Pm ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Tœß 5 ˙YRj˚Rl ˙TÙßd-Lj RVÙ-WÙ-œ-Rp ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 2 T˚ZV Ht-TÙ” J⁄ Li-˙QÙh-Pm .......................................................................................................... 25

ÿu‡˚W................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... 26

Tœß 1 ®VÙ-Vl-©-W-UÙ-Qm: ÿRp Ik’ ◊j-R-Le-Ls .................................................................................................................................................... 27

Bß-VÙ-L-Um........................................................................................................................................................... ................. 27

VÙj-ß-WÙ-L-Um ........................................................................................................................................................................... 28

˙XÆ-V-WÙ-L-Um ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30

Gi-QÙ-L-Um .......................................................................................................................................................................... 31

ETÙ-L-Um ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Tœß 2 N¨j-ß-Wl ◊j-R-Le-Ls ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

˙VÙ—YÙ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

®VÙ-VÙ-ß-T-ß-Ls ................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Ïj ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

1 NÙÿ-˙Yp ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38

2 NÙÿ-˙Yp ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40

1 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls .......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

2 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls ......................................................................................................................................................................... 43

1 SÙ[Ù-L-Um............................................................................................................................................................................... 45

2 SÙ[Ù-L-Um ............................................................................................................................................................................. 47

Gv\Ù ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 49

˘S˙L-™VÙ ................................................................................................................................................................................. 50

Gv-Ro......................................................................................................................................... 51

Tœß 3 LÆ-˚Rl ◊j-R-Le-Ls .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 52

G©˙WV LÆ˚RLs ...................................................................................................................................................... 53

˙VÙ◊ ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 54

Ne-∏-Re-Ls ................................................................................................................................................................................ 56

øß-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls ........................................................................................................................................................................... 61

©W-Ne° ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 63

Eu-]-Rl-TÙh” .................................................................................................................................................................... 64

Tœß 4 ˘T¨V æod-L-R-¨-£-Ls .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 66

HNÙVÙ ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 68

G˙W-™VÙ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 70

◊XmTp ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 72

G˙Nd-°-˙Vp ........................................................................................................................................................................... 73

RÙ≤-˙Vp ................................................................................................................................................................................... 74

Tœß 5 £±V æod-L-R-¨-£-Ls ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 76

K£VÙ .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 77

˙VÙ˙Yp .................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

B˙UÙv .................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

JT-ßVÙ ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 81

˙VÙ]Ù .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

¡LÙ.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

SÙ·m ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 84

BT-·d ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 85

˘Nl-T-≤VÙ ............................................................................................................................................................................... 86

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BLÙn .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 87

NL-¨VÙ ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 88

Up-°VÙ ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 89

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 3 ◊ßV Ht-TÙ” ˛ J⁄ Li-˙QÙh-Pm ........................................................................................................ 91

ÿL-‹˚W ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 92

Tœß 1 N¨j-ßW ◊j-R-Le-Ls ˛ ÿL-‹˚W ................................................................................................................................................................................... 96

Uj-˙RŸ ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 97

UÙtœ .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 99

ÌdLÙ ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 101

˙VÙYÙu ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 104

Al-˙TÙv-RX⁄˚PV SP-T-•-Ls ...................................................................................................................... 107

Tœß 2 T‹- u ®⁄-Te-Ls ˛ ÿL-‹˚W ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 109

˙WÙUo ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 111

1 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo .......................................................................................................................................................................... 114

2 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo ......................................................................................................................................................................... 116

LXÙj-ß-Vo .................................................................................................................................................................................. 118

G˙T-£-Vo ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 119

© l-©-Vo ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 120

˘LÙ˙XÙ-˘N-Vo ....................................................................................................................................................................... 121

1 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-˙L-Vo ....................................................................................................................................................... 121

2 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-˙L-Vo...................................................................................................................................................... 122

1 æ˙UÙj-˙RŸ ......................................................................................................................................................................... 123

2 æ˙UÙj-˙RŸ ........................................................................................................................................................................ 124

æj’ .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 125

©˙X-˙UÙu .............................................................................................................................................................................. 126

Tœß 3 ˘TÙ’-YÙ] ®⁄-Te-Ls ˛ ÿL-‹˚W ......................................................................................................................................................................... 128

G©-˘WVÙ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 128

VÙd-˙LÙ◊ .................................................................................................................................................................................... 130-

1 ˙T’⁄ ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 131

2 ˙T’⁄ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 133

1 ˙VÙYÙu ................................................................................................................................................................................ 134

2 ˙VÙYÙu ............................................................................................................................................................................... 136

3 ˙VÙYÙu ............................................................................................................................................................................... 136

ÎRÙ .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 137

Tœß 4 æod-L-R-¨-N] ◊j-R-Lm .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 139

˘Y∞l-T-”j-ß] Æ˙N-`m .................................................................................................................................... 139

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 4 ÆVÙd-°-VÙ-]m ˘Nn-Y-ßu A•l-T˚P ˘LÙs-˚L-Ls ................................................................. 143

A±-ÿ-Lm ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 144

Tœß 1 Æß Jufl: Ei-˚U-L-˚[l-˘T\ SÙ”e-Ls .................................................................................................................................................. 145

˘LÙs˚L Jufl : ˙RY-≤u ÿd-°-Vj-’-Yj-˚Rd Lt-fld-˘LÙs-fi-Rp ........................................................................................................................................ 145

˘LÙs˚L CWi”: C˙V-—-Æu ˘Y∞l-TÙh-˚Pd SÙ”eLs ...................................................................................... 146

Tœß 2 Æß CWi”: ◊¨k’ ˘LÙs-fi-Y˚R SÙ”e-Ls ...................................................................................................................................... 149

˘LÙs˚L Íufl: ˘Y∞l-T-”j-Rp T•l-T-•-VÙL Y[of£ ˘Tfl-Y’ .................................................................... 149

˘LÙs˚L SÙuœ: YÙoj-˚Rdœ YÙoj˚R Aoj-Rm LÙ‘e-Ls ............................................................................... 150

˘LÙs˚L Ik’: ßh-P-Yh-P-UÙ-]-˚Y-L-˚[d LY-≤-Ÿe-Ls .......................................................................................... 151

˘LÙs˚L Bfl: A•l-T-˚Pl Tœ-ß-L˚[ Bn-‹-˘Nn-Ÿe-Ls ................................................................................. 151

˘LÙs˚L H›: U≤-R-≤u æo-UÙ-≤d-œm Nd-ß˚V Ae-∏-L-¨-Ÿe-Ls .................................................................. 152

˘LÙs˚L Gh”: EPu-T-•d˚LL˚[ ®˚]-Æp ˚Yj-ß-⁄e-Ls........................................................................... 153

Tœß 3 Æß Íufl: OÙ]-UÙn SPk’ ˘LÙs-fi-Y˚R SÙ”e-Ls .............................................................................................................. 157

˘LÙs˚L Ju-T’: ˙Yfl-TÙ-”-L˚[ ˙SÙd-°l TÙ⁄e-Ls .................................................................................................. 157

˘LÙs˚L Tj’: ©u-]-¶-˚Vf ∫oÁd-°l TÙ⁄e-Ls ......................................................................................................... 159

˘LÙs˚L Tß-˘]Ùufl: Jl-©h” Aoj-Rm LÙ‘e-Ls ...................................................................................................... 160

˘LÙs˚L Tu≤-˘Wi”: Jt-fl-˚U˚V SÙ”-Rp .......................................................................................................................... 161

˘LÙs˚L Tß-Íufl: LP-‹s U≤-R-⁄-Pu ˘NV-XÙt-flm LÙX J›e-œ-L˚[ -TÙ-⁄e-Ls ................ 162

˘LÙs˚L Tß-SÙuœ: æod-L-R¨-N]j˚Rd œ±j-’d LY-]-UÙL C⁄j-Rp .......................................................... 164

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Tœß 4 Æß SÙuœ: °±v-RY YÙrd˚L YÙr-Y˚R SÙ”e-Ls ............................................................................................................... 166

˘LÙs˚L Tß˚]k’: N¨-VÙ-] ˘NVp-T”Rp............................................................................................................................. 166

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 5 ˙RY‡˚PV BsRj’Ym Tt-±V ˙LÙh-TÙ-”-Ls ...................................................................................................... 171

Tœß 1 ߨj-’-Ym ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 172

Tœß 2 ˙RY-‡-˚PV ˘TVo-Ls ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 176

Tœß 3 ©RÙ-YÙ-°V ˙RYu (©-RÙ-˚Yl-Tt-±j ˘R¨k-’-˘LÙs-fi-Rp) ...................................................................................................... 179

Tœß 4 œUÙ-W-]Ù-°V ˙RYu (°-±v-’-˚Yl Tt-±-V-˚Y-Ls) ........................................................................................................................... 185

Tœß 5 T¨-—jR BÆ-VÙ-]-Y-WÙ-°V ˙RYu ....................................................................................................................................................................... 196

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 6 ˙RY-‡-˚PV T˚Pl-©u ˙LÙh-TÙ”Ls .............................................................................................. 205

Tœß 1 T˚Pl◊ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 206

Tœß 2 ˙RYÁRo-Ls ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 207

Tœß 3 U≤-Ru ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 213

Tœß 4 ˙RY-Á-Ro-L-˙[Ù” ˙TÙWÙh-Pm ................................................................................................................................................................................... 223

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 7 ˙RY‡˚PV ßh-Pj-ßu ˙LÙh-TÙ-”-Ls ............................................................................................... 225

Tœß 1 ˘Y∞l-T-”j-Rp: ß⁄-U˚\ ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 226

Tœß 2 ©Wf-£˚]: TÙYm ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 227

Tœß 3 æo‹: CWh-£l◊ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 230

Tœß 4 TÙ’-LÙl◊: ˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙd-œj-Rj-Re-Ls ................................................................................................................................................. 233

Tœß 5 Y⁄e-LÙ-Xm: æod-L-R-¨-N-]m (T-W-˙XÙ-Lm, SW-Lm Tt-±V ˘LÙs˚L) ....................................................................................... 236

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 8 ˙RY‡-˚PV ˙SÙd-Lj-˚Rl Tt-±V ˙LÙh-TÙ-”-Ls ....................................................................... 239

Tœß 1 R≤l-ThP °±v-RY YÙrd˚L ................................................................................................................................................................................. 240

Tœß 2 Ju-fl-ThP °±v-RY YÙrd˚L ................................................................................................................................................................................ 250

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 9 ®˚\-˙Yt-fl-Rp ........................................................................................................................................................ 255

A±-ÿ-Lm ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 256

Tœß 1 Ck-Rl ◊j-R-Lj-˙RÙ” T¨f-N-V-UÙ-œ-Rp .................................................................................................................................................................. 257

Tœß 2 Ck-Rl ◊j-R-Lj-ßu —⁄d-L-UÙ] Y⁄-Q˚] G›-’Y’ ................................................................................................................... 258

Tœß 3 Ee-Ls Bn-Æu ˙SÙd-Lj-˚Rd œfl-°-V-RÙL Bd-œ-Y’ .............................................................................................................. 260

Tœß 4 E\-‹-L-fid-LÙ-Ll TÙol-T’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 262

Tœß 5 ˙YR YN-]e-L˚[ Jl-©h” ˙SÙd-œ-Rp ......................................................................................................................................................... 265

Tœß 6 Ee-Ls Bn˚Y ƨ-‹-T-”j-’-Y’ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 267

Tœß 7 œ±l-◊-L˚[ G›-’-Y’ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 270

B£-¨-V-¨-u œ±l◊ ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 271

T-ßpLs ---- ...........................................................................................................................................................................................272

◊jRLeL∞u ÆYW AhPY˚] ............................................................................................................................................................... 287

◊jRL ALWÙß ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 289

Cflßd œ±l◊Ls ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 303

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Ae-∏-LÙ-Wm

A°X EXL °WÙU FØ-Ve-L-∞u YØ-S-Pj-’-R- p Av-ß-TÙ-We-Ls E⁄-YÙd-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. CkRFØVeL ∞u’Yd-Lj-ß -⁄k˙R

EX-Lj-ß-¤s[ °WÙ-Ue-L-∞-¤m ˘RÙ˚X-Æ-¤s[ Tœ-ß-L-∞-¤m C˙V-—- °-±v-’-Æu St-˘Nn-ß˚V A±-Æl-T˙R CRu ˙SÙd-L-

UÙL C⁄k’ Yk-ß-⁄d-°-\-’. ˘T⁄m-TÙ-¤m A⁄h- T-¶d-LÙ] YÙnl-◊-Ls J⁄ œfl-°V LÙXj-’d˙L ß\k-ß-⁄d-°u-\-]. Ck-Rl

Tœ-ß-L-∞-¤s[ YWm-˘Tt\ FØ-Vo-L-˚[d Li-”-©-•j-’, ˘Y∞-SÙh” D”-TÙ-”-Ls ÿ•-‹dœ YkR ©\œ AYo-Ls ˘RÙPok’

˙YRÙ-L-Ul ̇ TÙR-̊ ]-L-̊ [d ̆ LÙ”j’, AYo-L˚[ BVj-Rl-T-”j-ß, C˙V-—-°-±v’ SUd-œd ̆ LÙ”j-’s[ ©W-RÙ] Lh-P˚[´u-T-•,

∫`o-L˚[ E⁄-YÙd-œ-Y˙R Ge-Ls ®fl-Y-]j-ßu CXd-LÙ-œm.

CWi-PÙm Ut-flm Íu-\Ùm Aj-ß-VÙ-Ve-Ls ˙_. aÙm-Pu ∏j G›-ßV —⁄d-L-UÙ] T˚ZV Ut-flm ◊ßV Ht-TÙh” Bn‹

Gu\ Ë˚X BRÙ-W-UÙ-Ld ˘LÙi” AYoL-∞u A‡UߟPu RVÙ-¨d-Ll-Th-”s-[-]:

www.bible.org Gu\ C˚QV R[j-ß- -⁄k’ SÙm ∏j- ́ u ÿ›-˚U-VÙ] Bn˚Y G”j-’l TVu-T-”j-R-XÙm.

CkR Bn-˚Yl TVu-T-”j-’-Y-Rt-LÙL A°X EXL °WÙU FØ-Ve-Ls ∏j- dœ Su± ·fl-°u-\-’. C’ Ei-˚U-´-˙X˙V ˙YRÙ-LU

Bn-‹dœ Ht\ ™Lf £\kR J⁄ ET-L-W-Q-UÙL C⁄d-°-\-’. AY⁄˚PV Bn‹-Ls ÿk˚RV Av-ß-TÙ-We-Ls ̆ Y∞¬”-L-fid-̇ LtT

£fl-£fl UÙt-\e-Ls ˘Nn-Vl-Th-”s-[-]. œ±lTÙL ˙YRÙ-LU LÙX ÆNVjßp.

T´t£ ˙R˚Yl-Th-PÙ-¤m, °˚Pd-LÙR EX°u TX Tœ-ß-L-fidœ ˙YRÙ-L-Ul T´t£ ET-L-W-Qe-L˚[ A∞lT˙R A-°X EXL

°WÙU FØ-Ve-L∞u (VMI) ̇ SÙd-LUÙœm. CkR FØ-Vj-ßuÍX-UÙL ™L ̇ YL-UÙL Gi-¶d-̊ L-´p Aß-L-¨j-’-Y-⁄m —˙R£ ̇ TÙR-Lo-L-fid-œm, B£-¨-Vo-L-fid-œm, B˙WÙd-°VUÙ] ˙YRÙ-L-Ul T´-t£˚VŸm ˙TÙR˚] ET-L-W-Qe-L-˚[Ÿm ˘LÙ”j’ AYo-Ls

FØ-Vj-’dœ ß\˚UVÙ] Utflm TX‡s[ ÆRjßp BR-W-Y-∞j’ Y⁄-°-\-’.

CkR ET-L-W-Qe-L-˚[j RVÙ-¨l-T-ßp Aol-T-¶l-˙TÙ” ÿVt-£-˘NnR TX-⁄d-œm SÙe-Ls Su-±-·fl-°-˙\Ùm. ÿR-XÙ-Y-RÙ-L-‹m, ÿd-

°-V-UÙ-L-‹m SÙe-Ls Rm-ÿ-˚PV U°-˚U-´-]Ù-¤m LÙ⁄i-Vj-ß-]Ù-¤m Sm˚U A˚Zj-’, ÀY-‡d-œm ˙RY-Td-ßd-œm ˙Yi-•V

Gp-XÙ-Yt-˚\-Ÿm A⁄-∞V (2 ˙T’⁄ 1:3). SU’ Bi-P-Y-WÙ-°V C˙V-—-°-±v-’-˚Yj ’ßd-°-˙\Ùm. CWi-PÙ-Y-RÙ-L, Ck-Rj R¨-N-]

m S]-YÙ-œm-T• Re-Ls RÙXk-’-L-˚[-Ÿm, ˙SWj-˚R-Ÿm, YWe-L-˚[-Ÿm ˘NX-ÆhP TX-˚W-Ÿm ®˚]-‹- ·-⁄-°-˙\Ùm. AYo-Ls -Li-

¶p LÙQl-T-PÙR B]Ùp ÿd-°-V-UÙ] SÙ-VLo-L-[ÙL C⁄d-°-\Ùo-Ls.

ÿu-‡˚W

A°X EXL °WÙU FØ-Ve-L-∞u BVj-Rl-T-”j-’m ˘NVp-ßh-Pj-ßu Ck-Rl Tœß Av-ß-TÙ-We-Ls Gufl A˚Zd-LlT-”-°-\-’.

˙RY-‡-̊ PV YÙoj-̊ R-̊ Vl ◊ß-RÙ-Ld Lt-fld-̆ LÙs-fim UÙQ-Yu “Sm-ÿ-̊ PV Loj-R-⁄m CWh-N-L-⁄-UÙ-°V C˙V-—-°-±v-’-Æu °⁄-˚T-´-¤m AY˚W A±-°\ A±-Æ-¤m Y[-⁄m-T-•-VÙL” (2 ˙T’⁄ 3:18) C’ Y•-Y-˚Ud-Ll-Th-”s-[-’. G]-˙Y, Av-ß-TÙ-We-Ls ÿ›-Y-ß-¤m ̇ RY-‡-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-´u ÿd-°-Vj-’-Yj-˚R-Ÿm, BZj-˚R-Ÿm ◊¨k-’-˘LÙs-fi-YRtœ Uh-”-™u±, UÙQ-Yu

R]’ ˘NÙkR BÆd-œ-¨V YÙrd-˚L-´p Y[of£ ˘Tfl-Y-Rt-œm ÿd-°-Vj-’-Ym ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’.

UÙQ-Yu R]’ ̆ NÙkR Bj-’-UÙ-Æp Ck-Rd ̆ LÙs-̊ L-L˚[ Ht-fld-̆ LÙiP ©\-œ, AYu A˚R Ut-\-Yo-L-fid-œl ̇ TÙßd-œm-T-•,

AY˚] BVj-Rl-T-”j-’m-T-•-VÙ-L-‹m, CkR Av-ß-TÙ-We-Ls Y•-Y-˚Ud-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. ©W-RÙ] Lh-P-˚[-˚V ®˚\-˙Yt-flm-T-•-

VÙ-L, “∫`-WÙd-œ-Y-Rtœ” C’ J⁄ Æ˚X-U-ßl-Tt\ ET-L-W-Q-UÙL C⁄d-°-\’ (Uj-˙RŸ 28:18-˛20).

˙RY -‡ -˚PV YÙoj -˚R -˚Vd Lt -fld -˘LÙs -fim J⁄ UÙQ -Yu A±k -’ -˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-•V A•l -T -˚Pf

˘Nn-ßLs CkR Ë p ̆ LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. “BWm©j-Rp” Gu\ ÿRp Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm BÆd-œ-¨V BVj-Rj-ßu ÿd-°-Vj-’-Yj˚R Y -Ÿ-flj-’-°-\-’. ©\œ ˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-˚Vl Tt-±l ˘TÙ’-YÙ] TÙo-˚Y-˚Vd ˘LÙ”d-°-\-’.

UÙQ-Y‡dœ J⁄ œ±l-©hP ◊j-R-Lj˚R G›-ß-V’ VÙo, G›-Rl-ThP LÙXm, L⁄l ˘TÙ⁄s- Gu-T-˚Y-L˚[l Tt±V ˘TÙ’YÙ]

RLYp -˘LÙ”d-œmT•- CWi-PÙm Ut-flm Íu-\Ùm Aj-ß-VÙ-Ve-Ls ˙YRÙ-L-Uj-ß-¤s[ Jq-˘YÙ⁄ Ë˚Xd œ±j-’m —⁄d-L-UÙ]

Bn-˚Yd A∞-°u-\-]. SÙm ˙YR-Y-N-]e-L-˚[l ◊¨k-’-˘LÙs[ SUdœ ER-Æ-VÙL C⁄d-œm-T• Y•-Y-˚Ud-Ll-Th-”s[ Aoj-Rm

LÙ‘-R- u ˘LÙs-˚L-L-˚[l Tt± SÙu-LÙm Aj-ß-VÙVm UÙQ-Yo-L-fidœ G”jÛ-’d ·fl-°-\-’.

Ik’ ÿRp Gh” Y˚W-´-XÙ] Aj-ß-VÙ-Ve-Ls UÙQ-Yo-L-fidœ A•l-T˚P C˚\-´-V˚X G”j-’d ·fl °u-\-]. ̇ YRÙ-L-Uf ̆ NÙt-

Ls Ut-flm L⁄j-’l T•-Ye-L-∞u —⁄d-L-ÿm ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s-[]. J⁄ ˙YRÙ-L-Ul TÙPj˚R BVj-Rm ˘Nn-Y-ßu ÍXm RÙu

Lt-fld˘LÙi-P˚R UÙQ-Yu Gq-YÙfl ˘NVp-T-”j-’-Y’ Gu-T-˚Rd œ±j’ Ju-T-RÙm Aj-ß-VÙVm ˙TÙßd-°-\-’.

˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-´p ̆ Y∞l-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s[ Æ—-YÙN BÆd-œ-¨V YÙrd-˚L-´u ÍX-UÙL øe-Ls Bi-P-Y-WÙ-°V C˙V—

°±v-’˚Y ÿ›-˚U-VÙL NÙok’˘LÙs[ Av-ß-TÙ-We-Ls ER-Æ-VÙL C⁄dL ˙Yi-”m Gu-T˙R Ge-Ls ˘_T-UÙ-œm.

˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-˚Vd Lt-œm At-◊R A‡-T-Yj-ßtœ Ee-L˚[ YW-˙Yt-°-˙\Ùm!

9

Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm 1

BWm©jRp

10

Tœß 1R≤l-ThP BVj-RmA. R≤l-ThP ˙YR BWÙnf£ ˘NnV BVj-Rl-T-”m-˙TÙ’ L˚Pl-©-•dL ˙Yi-•V Bfl A•l-T˚Pd ˘LÙs˚LLs 1. C˙V— °±v-’-˚Y Sm-◊eLs

˙YR BWÙnf£ ˘NnV ˙Yi-”-UÙ-]Ùp ARt-LÙL R≤l-ThP ÿ˚\-´p BVj-Rm ˘NnY’ ™L ÿd-°-V-UÙ-]-’. UÙQ-

Yu (˙YR BWÙnf-£-´p D”-T-”-T-Yo) ÿR-XÙ-Y-RÙL C˙V— °±v-’˚Y Ru CWh-N-L-WÙL Æ—-YÙ-£dL ˙Yi-”m. H˘]

u-\Ùp “˘_uU —TÙ-Yÿs-[ U≤-R-]Ùp” (°-±v’ Ap-XÙR U≤-Ru) ˙RY-‡-˚PV LÙ¨-Ve-L˚[ Ht-fld-˘LÙs-[˙YÙ, A±k’ ˘LÙs-[˙YÙ ÿ•-VÙ’ (1 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo 2:14). BL-˙Y, CWh-£l◊ °±v-’Æu˙Up Uh”ÿs-[ Æ—-YÙ-Nj-ß-]Ùp

UÙj-ß-W-˙U, (G-˙T-£-Vo 2:8˛9). ˙YR YÙoj-˚R˚V BWÙ-Ÿm UÙQ-Y˚W ˙RYBÆVÙ-]-Yo BÆdœ-¨V LÙ¨-Ve-L-˚[l

Tœj-R-±V YØ-S-Pj-’-°-\Ùo.

2. ˙YRÙ-L-Um ˙RY BÆ-´-]Ùp A⁄-[l-Th-•-⁄d-°-\’ G] Ht-fld˘LÙsfieLs

˙YR YÙd-°-Ve-L-̆ [p-XÙm ̇ RY BÆ-́ -]Ùp A⁄-[l-Th-•-⁄d-°-\’ Gufl ̇ YRm ·fl-°-\’ (2 æ˙UÙj-̇ RŸ 3:16-̨ 17). GkR

J⁄ ˙YR BWÙnf-£-Ÿm AkR Ei-˚U˚V Ht-fld-˘LÙs-Y-ßu-Í-Xm BWm-©d-Ll-TP ˙Yi-”m. Æ—-YÙ-Nj˚R Æh”

“LPk’” ˘Np-¤-Rp ·PÙ’; ˙YRÙ-L-Um, Nj-ß-V-ÿm ©˚Z-Vt-\-’-UÙ]’ Gu\ Ei-˚U˚V Ht-fld˘LÙsY’ ˙TÙ’m.

3. ˘_©ŸeLs

˙YR YÙd-°-Ve-L-˚[l ◊¨k’˘LÙs[ ˘_Tm ™L-‹m AY-£-Vm. Ee-L-∞p J⁄-Yu OÙ]j-ßp œ˚\-‹s-[-Y-]Ù-

´-⁄k-RÙp, ˙RY-≤-Pj-ßp ˙Lh-Ld-L-P-Yu. Al-˘TÙ-›’ AY-‡d-œd ˘LÙ”d-Ll-T-”m (VÙd-˙LÙ◊ 1:5) G] ˙YRm

˘NÙp-¤-°-\-’. N -̈VÙ] A±-̊ Y-Ÿm Tœj-’-Qo-̊ Y-Ÿm LP-‹-∞-Pj-ßp Ei˚UVÙn ̇ Lh-œm ̆ TÙ›’ ARtœ ®f-N-Vm Tßp

Ei-”. H˘]u-\Ùp, C˚Y-Ls Gp-XÙm LP-‹-∞u ˘R∞-YÙ] £j-Rj-ßt-œs-[Ù-]-˚Y-Ls (1 ˙VÙYÙu 5:14; Uj-˙RŸ 7:7-̨ 8).

4. £Wj-˚R-˙VÙ-”m (_Ùd-°-W-˚R-˙VÙ-”m) Ut-flm ˘TÙfl-˚U-˙VÙ-”m T•ŸeLs

CkR ˙YRj-ß-¤s[ A˙SL Tœ-ß-L˚[ EP˙] Sm-UÙp ◊¨k-’-˘LÙs[ ÿ•-VÙ-’. AR-]Ùp A˚Y-L-˚[l

T•l-T-Rtœ ™œkR ÿVt-£-Ÿm ˘TÙfl-˚U-Ÿm AY-£-Vm (2 æ˙UÙj-˙RŸ 2:15). œ˚\-‹s[ U≤-Ro-L-[Ù-°V SÙm œ˚\-Yt-\,

Gp-˚X-Vt\ LP-‹-∞u U]˚R A±V ÿVt-£d-œm-˙TÙ-’, A˚Rd °W-°j-’d-˘LÙs[ Ntfl ˙SWm G”d-œm.

5. ˘RÙPo-k’ TÙYe-L˚[ A±d˚L ˘Nn-Rp

Sm-ÿ-˚PV YÙrd-˚L-˚Vd LP-‹s —j-ß-L-¨dL A‡-U-ßd-L-‹m ARu ÍXm AY-⁄-Pu J⁄ ˘T¨V Id-°-Vm °˚Pd-L-

‹m. TÙYj-˚Rj ˘RÙPok’ A±d˚L ˘NnV ˙Yi-”m. (1 ˙VÙYÙu 1: 6-˛10). Sm-ÿ-˚PV TÙYe-L˚[ A±d˚L ˘NnV

˙Yi•V AY-£-Vj˚R EQo-kß⁄l-T-’, ˙RY‡-˚PV £j-R™p-XÙ-R GkR £k˚R, ˘N-Ùp, ˘NV˚-Xd œ±j-’ ˘RÙPok’

_Ùd-°-W-˚R-VÙ-´-⁄d--L ER‹°\’

6. ˙RY £j-Rj-ßu-T• YÙZj RVÙ-WÙ-´-⁄j-Rp

“AY-⁄-̊ PV £j-Rj-ßu-T• ̆ NnV U]-’s-[-Y-̆ ]-Y˙]Ù AYu CkR ET-̇ R-Nm ̇ RY-]Ùp Ei-PÙ-́ -⁄d-°-\˙RÙ, SÙu —V-UÙnl ˙T—-°-˙\˙]Ù Gufl A±k’˘LÙs-fi-YÙu” (˙VÙYÙu 7:17) G] Bi-P-Y-WÙ-°V C˙V— °±v’ ·±-´-⁄d-°-\Ùo. ÀY-‡s[ ˙RY-‡-P-‡s[ E\˚Y Y[odL ˙Yi-”m Gu-T’ øe-Ls ˙YRÙ-L-Uj˚R Bn‹

˘Nn-Y-Ru ˙SÙd-L-UÙ-´-⁄k-RÙp, Ee-L-fi-˚PV GkR A±-‹m AkR E\-‹dœ BR-W-YÙ-´-⁄dL ˙Yi-”m. Au◊

Cp-XÙR A±‹ ̆ T⁄-˚U˚V Æ˚[-Æd-œm (1 ̆ LÙ¨k-ß-Vo 8:1). Ee-Ls BWÙnf£ ̆ Yflm A±-‹d ·o-˚Ud-LÙ] BWÙnf-

£-VÙ-´-⁄k-RÙp øe-Ls ˘Tt\ A±‹ œ˚\-YÙ-]-RÙ-L-‹m, ߨj-’d ·fl-Y-RÙ-L-‹m C⁄d-œm.

B. R≤l-ThP ˙YRÙ-LU ßVÙ-]j-ß-]Ùp Y⁄m Ik’ Su-˚U-Ls 1. AßL Æ—-YÙ-Nm

“SÙm R -̈£j’ SP-YÙ-Up Æ—-YÙ-£j’ SPd-°-̇ \Ùm” (2 ̆ LÙ¨k-ß-Vo 5:7) Gufl ß⁄f-N-̊ T-́ u ™Ll-̆ T-̈ V C˚\-́ -V-X-WÙ-°V T‹p Al-̇ TÙv-R-Xu Rm-̊ Ul Tt± ·±-́ -⁄d-°-\Ùo. G˙T-£-Vo 2:8˛9p T‹p ·±-́ -⁄d-°-\T• SÙm Gp-̇ XÙ-⁄m Æ—-YÙ-

Nj-ß-]Ù˙X °⁄-̊ T-́ u-Í-Xm CWh-£l-◊d-œs ÷˚Z-°-̇ \Ùm. SÙm ÷˚Zk-R-T-•˙V, SPd-L-‹m ̇ Yi-”m (˘LÙ-̇ XÙ-̆ N-Vo 2:6˛7).

2. ◊ßV A±‹

Sm-ÿ-˚PV Loj-R-WÙ-°V C˙V— °±v-’-Æu °⁄-˚T-´-¤m AY˚W A±-°\ A±-Æ-¤m Y[-⁄m-˙TÙ’ ˙RY‡-˚PV

YÙoj-˚R-´- -⁄k’ ◊ßV A±-˚Yl ˘Tt-fld-˘LÙs-fi-°-˙\Ùm (2 ˙T’⁄ 3:14-˛18). CkR A±‹ AY-⁄-˚PV °⁄-˚T˚V SÙm

N¨-VÙL A±k’˘LÙs[ ER-‹m. CkR A±-Æ˙X Y[-⁄-Y-˙RÙ”·P, ̇ YR YN-]j-˚Rd “˙Lh-T-ßu” ÍXm CkR A±‹ SÙm AY-W’ °⁄-˚T˚V Cu-‡m Suœ EQok’˘LÙs[ ER-‹-°-\-’. SÙm Æ—-YÙNj-ß-¤m Y[ok-’, Gp-XÙ-Yt-±t-œm

AY-˚W˙V Sm-◊-°-˙\Ùm (˙WÙ-Uo 10:17).

3. Sm-ÿ-˚PV YÙrd-˚Ld-LÙ] T¨-—j-Rm

Sm-ÿ-˚PV YÙrd-˚L-´u T¨-—j-Rj-ßtœ LP-‹-fi-˚PV YÙoj˚R ™L-‹m AY-£-Vm. H˘]u-\Ùp, AY-⁄-˚PV YÙoj˚R

Ei-˚U-VÙ-]’ (˙VÙ-YÙu 17:17). SÙm Æ—-YÙ-£-L-[Ù-´-⁄k-RÙ-¤m Sm-ÿ-˚PV YÙrd-˚L-´p TÙYl ©Wf-£-˚]-Ls Ei”

(1 ˙VÙYÙu 1:6˛10). BL-˙Y, TÙYj-ßu Æ˚[-‹-L-˚[l ◊¨k’˘LÙs[ SÙm ˙RY-‡-˚PV YN-]e-L-˚[d Lt-fld˘LÙs[

˙Yi-”m. ©\-œ, TÙYj-ß- -⁄k’m, Æ-VÙßL∞ ⁄k’m Æ”-R˚X ˘T\-‹m T¨-—j-R-UÙ-L-‹m SpX A±-˙YÙ” ˘_©d-L-XÙm

(Ne-∏-Rm 51). TX ˙SWe-L-∞p °±v-R-Yo-Ls LP-‹-fi-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-Ÿ-Pu Cu-‡m “£X-Yt˚\ ˙Noj’,” CkR ˙Nod-˚L-L˚[ øß-´u A•j-R-[-UÙd° Æ”-°u-\Ùo-Ls Gu-T˚R SÙm A±k-’-˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-”m. C’ RÙu “Nh-P-Èo-Y-UÙd-œ-Rp” (legalism) G] A˚Zd-Ll-T-”-°-\-’. ARÙ-Y-’, U≤-Ro-Ls Re-L-fi-˚PV ˘NÙkR ®VÙVj˚R øß-VÙ-L ®o-UÙ-¶j’ Æ”-°-\Ùo-Ls. Bi-P-Y-WÙ-°V C˙V— °±v’ C˚R ˘Yœ-YÙ-Ld Li-•d-°-\Ùo (UÙtœ 7:1˛13). BL-˙Y, SÙm ˙RY-‡-˚PV

YÙoj-˚Rdœ ™L-‹m LY-]-UÙ-L-‹m, _Ùd-°-W-˚R-VÙ-L‹m ˘NÆ-˘LÙ-”dL ˙Yi-”m.

11

4. FØ-Vj-ßp Yp-X˚U

SÙm °±v’Æu £k˚R˚VlTt± Ltœm˙TÙ-’ (1 ̆ LÙ¨kßVo 2:14˛16) -T¨-—jR BÆ-VÙ-]-Yo Sm YÙr-Æp °¨˚V ̆ Nn-

Y’Pu, Sm-ÿ-˚PV FØ-Vj-ßp Yp-X˚U C⁄dœm (G-˙T-£-Vo 2:10). NÙj-RÙ-˙]Ù-”m AY-‡-˚PV ˙N˚]-˙VÙ-”m SUdœ

Ÿj-Rm Ei-”. BL-˙Y, Sm-ÿ-˚PV Nd-ßd-œm ß\-˚Ud-œm Al-TÙt-ThP Yp-X˚U SUd-œj ˙R˚Y (G-˙T-£-Vo 6:10-˛18).

CkR Yp-X˚U SÙm LP-‹-fi-˚PV £jRj-ßtœ A•-T-¶-Y-ßu-Í-Xm Ei-PÙ-°-\-’. H˘]u-\Ùp ˙RY˙] Rm-ÿ-˚PV RV-

‹s[ £j-Rjßu-T• Æ⁄l-Tj-˚R-Ÿm, “˘Nn-˚L-˚V-Ÿm Ei-PÙd° Sm-™p °¨˚V SPl-©d-°-\Ùo” (©- l-©-Vo 2:13).

5. FØ-Vj-’d-LÙ] NÙR-]mCkR Bi-P-Y-⁄-̊ PV YÙoj-̊ R-́ u A±-̇ YÙ” C˙V— °±v-’-Æu SÙUj-ß-]Ùp Nj-ß-Vj˚R SPl-©j’ (˘LÙ-̇ XÙ-̆ N-Vo

3:16-˛17), LÙQÙ-Ut-˙TÙ] Ut-flm AØk’ ̆ LÙi-•-⁄d-œm EX-Lj-ßtœ A˚R A±-ÆdL ÿ•Ÿm (˙VÙ-YÙu 17:17-˛19; G©-˘W-

Vo 5:2). BiPY⁄˚PV YÙoj˚R˚V A±ÆlTRu ÿd°V ˙SÙdLm “T¨—jRYÙuLs -∫o˘TÙ⁄k’m ˘TÙ⁄h”, °±v’Æu N˚TVÙ°V N√Wm TdßÆ⁄jß A˚PYRtLÙL‹m” (G˙T£Vo 4: 11˛13) Uh”˙UVÙœm. Ut\YoL˚[l T¶dLÙL BVjRm ˘NnŸÿu Sm˚U˙V SÙm RVÙo ˘Nn’ ˘LÙs[˙Yi”m.

R-≤lThPBWÙnf£dLÙL:Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm1,TÙLm1

1. 1 ˘LÙ¨kßVo 2:14p LÙQlT-”-°-\ “CVt˚LVÙ-]” GuTRtLÙ-] -°˙WdL YÙoj-˚RVÙ-] (l—f£d-˙LÙv)

1 ˘LÙ¨kßVo 15:44, 46; VÙd˙LÙ◊ 3:15; ÎRÙ 1:19 B°V CPeL∞¤m (˘X[∏L £k˚R Gu\ ˘TÙ⁄∞p)

LÙQlT-”-°-\-’. CkR TœßL˚[ YÙ£j’ “CVt˚LVÙ-]” Gu\ YÙoj-˚R˚V Æ[dL‹m.

2. 2 æ-˙UÙj˙RŸ 3:16˛--17I YÙ£dL‹m. ˙RY‡˚PV YÙoj-˚R´p LÙQlT-”m SÙuœÆRUÙ BRÙVeLs

Gu]? ARu ˙SÙdLm Gu]?

3. OÙ]jßp œ˚\‹s[Y‡dœ VÙd˙LÙ◊ 1:5 ˘LÙ”dœm YÙdœRjRm Gu]?

4. 2 æ-˙UÙj˙RŸ 2:15 I YÙ£dL‹m. ˙RY‡˚PV YÙoj-˚R´u UÙQYoLs Gu\ ÿ˚\´p SÙm

G˚YL˚[d œ±j’ LY]UÙ´⁄dL˙Yi”m.

5. 1 ˙VÙYÙu 1:6˛10I YÙ£dL‹m. Smÿ˚PV TÙYeL˚[ A±d˚L˘NnYRtLÙLd ˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[

CWi”ÆRUÙ] YÙdœjRjRm Gu]?

6. ˙VÙYÙu 7:17 ˙RY£jRj˚R A±V J⁄ ®TkR˚]˚Vd ˘LÙ”d°\’. A’ Gu]?

7. ˘LÙ˙XÙ 2:6˛7 Utflm G˙T£Vo 2:8˛9I YÙ£dL‹m. Smÿ˚PV °±vRY YÙrd˚L˚Vd œ±dœm

CWi” LÙ¨VeLs G˚Y?

8. 2 ˙T’⁄ 3:14˛18 I YÙ£dL‹m. SÙm Y[⁄mT•dœ 14Bm YN]jßp ˘NÙpXlTh”s[ °±vRY

œQÙߣVm Gu]? Utflm 18Bm YN]jßp ˘NÙpXlTh”s[ CWi” LÙ¨VeLs G˚Y?

9. 1 ˙VÙYÙu 1:6˛10 dœj ß⁄m◊eLs. Æ—YÙ£Ls ReLs TÙYeL∞ ⁄k’ —jßL¨dLlT”mT•

AYoL∞Pm GßoTÙodLlT”m. CWi” LÙ¨VeLs G˚Y?

10. G˙T£Vo 6:10˛18 I YÙ£dL‹m. Ei˚UVÙ] GߨLs VÙo Utflm SÙm GlT• ˙TÙ¨P˙Yi”m?

11. G˙T£Vo 4:11˛13 I YÙ£dL‹m °±v’Æu N√Wj˚Rd Lh• G›l◊Yßp ˘NÙpXlTh”s[ Íufl

LÙ¨VeLs G˚Y?

12

Tœß 2 ˙YRÙL-Um

A. ˙YRÙ-L-Um Gu-T’ Gu]? 1. ˙YRÙ-L-Um Gu-T’ G›-Rl-ThP ˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙoj˚R

˙YRÙ-L-Um J⁄ NÙRÙ-WQ ◊j-R-Lm Ap-X. —UÙo 1500 Bi-”-L-fid-°-˚P-´p YÙrkR 40d-œm ˙Ut-ThP B£-¨-Vo-L-[Ùp

G›-Rl-Th-P’ C’. C˙V— °±v’ C˚R “◊v-R-Lf-—-⁄s” (The Book) (G-©-̆ W-Vo 10:7) Gufl A˚Zj-RÙo. CkR ̇ YRÙ-L-Um Cp-XÙ-Up U≤-Ru N -̈VÙ] øß-́ u RWj-̊ R-Ÿm, Ru-‡-̊ PV YÙrd-̊ L-́ p °⁄˚T AY-£-Vm GuT-̊ R-Ÿm A±k’˘LÙs[

ÿ•-VÙ-’. Rm-ÿ-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-Ls G›-Rl-T-P-‹m ARu ÍXm Rm-ÿ-˚PV ®VÙ-Ve-Ls Ud-L-fid-œj ˘R∞-YÙL A±-

Æd-Ll-TP ˙Yi-”m Gu-T-’m Bi-P-Y-¨u ˙SÙd-L-UÙ-´-⁄k-R-’. G›-Rl-ThP CkR YÙoj-˚R-VÙ-]’ Æ—-YÙ-Nj-ß-]Ùp

Ht-fld-˘LÙs-[l-Th-”m, N¨j-ß-Wj-ß-]Ùp ®Ï-©d-Ll-Th-”m C⁄d-°-\-’. U≤-Ru ˘_Tj-ßu ÍXm ˙RY‡Pu ˙T—-°-\Ùu.

G›-Rl-ThP Rm-ÿ-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-´u ÍXm ˙RYu U≤-R-‡-Pu ˙T—-°-\Ùo.

˘T⁄m-TÙu-˚U-VÙ] Ud-Ls ÍX TÙ˚`-´- -⁄k’ ˘UÙØ˘TVod-Ll-ThP ˙YRÙ-L-Uj-˚Rl TVu-T-”j-’-°-\Ùo-Ls. T˚ZV

Ht-TÙh•u ˘T⁄m-T-œß G©-˘WV ˘UÙØ-´p G›-Rl-Th-P’. J⁄£X ÆßÆXdœ Ei-”. ARÙ-Y’ RÙ≤-˙Vp 2˛7 Aß-

LÙ-We-Ls Ut-flm Gv\Ù Aß-LÙ-Wm 4 ÿRp 7 Y˚W. CkR Aj-ß-VÙ-Ve-Ls G©-˘WV ˘UÙØ-´u N˙LÙ-RW ˘UÙØ-VÙ] AW-

˙UŸ TÙ˚`-´-p G›-Rl-Th-P-’. CkR AW-˙UŸ ˘UÙØ-VÙ-]-’, ˙YRÙ-L-Um G›-Rl-ThP LÙXj-ßp ˘T⁄m-TÙu-˚U-VÙ]

ÎRo-L-[Ùp ˙TNl-ThP J⁄ ˘UÙØ-VÙ-œm. ◊ßV Ht-TÙh-•u TÙLe-L-˘[p-XÙm ˙LÙ´˙] (Koine) (˘TÙ-’-YÙ-]) °˙Wdœ ˘UÙØ-´p G›-Rl-Th-P-’.

Tp-̇ Yfl Tœ-ß-L˚[ G∞-ßp Li-”-©-•dL Aß-LÙ-We-L-fim, YN-]e-L-fim U≤-R-]Ùp ̇ Nod-Ll-Th-P-]. BL˙Y, C˚Y-Ls

˙RY-]Ùp A⁄-[l-Th-P-˚Y-Ls ApX; B]Ùp Cl-T-œ-ß-Ls R˚X-ÿ˚\ R˚X-ÿ-˚\-VÙL Gl-T• A±k’ ˘LÙs-[lTh-

P] Gu-T˚R A±-Vd-·-•V J⁄ EVokR ˙SÙd-Lj-ßtœ ER-‹-°u-\-].

2. ˙RY-]Ùp HYl-ThP YN-]e-Ls

˙YRÙ-L-Uj-ßu Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ R≤j-R-≤l Tœ-ß-Ÿm ̇ RY-]Ùp HYl-Th-P’ (2 æ˙UÙj-̇ RŸ 3:16-̨ 17), Cq-YÙ-\ÙL C’ Su˚U A∞d-

Ld-·•V-’. “HYl-T-”-Rp” Gu-T’ U≤-R-‡-̊ PV U≤R A±‹ ̆ R∞-‹, ̆ Y∞l-TÙ”, ̆ Y∞l-T-”j-’-Rp B°-V-Yt-±t-œm Al-TÙt-Th-P-’. A’ ̆ Rn-≈-L-UÙL BWm-©d-Ll-Th-P-’. A’ U≤-Ru-Í-X-UÙL ̆ Y∞l-T-”j-Rl-T-”-°-\- “˙RY-‡-̊ PV —YÙ-N-UÙ-œm”.

3. ÀY-‡s[ ˙RY-‡-˚PV YN-]e-L-∞u ˘Y∞l-TÙ”

Sm-ÿ-˚PV Loj-R-WÙ-°V C˙V— °±v-’-YÙ-°V ˙RY-‡-˚PV ÀY-‡s[ YN-]e-L-∞u ˘Y∞l-T-”j’-R-XÙp

˙YRÙ-L-Um G›-Rl-Th-P-’. “˘Y∞l-T-”j-’-Rp” Gu-T’ ◊ßV ˘Nn-ß-L-˚[d ˘LÙ”l-T’ Gu\ Aoj-R-ÿ-˚P-V-’. T¨-—jR BÆ-VÙ-]-Yo SUd-œs °¨˚V ˘Nn-’, YN-]e-L-˚[d Lt-T-Yo-L-fidœ “˘R∞-YÙL Æ[e-Lf” ˘Nn-°-\Ùo. G›-Rl-ThP YN-]e-Ls Loj-R-WÙ-°V C˙V— °±v-’-̊ Yl Tt-±V ̆ Rn-≈L Æ[d-L-UÙ-œm (G-©-̆ W-Vo 4:12; ̇ VÙYÙu 5:39-̨ 47).

SÙm LY-≤dL ˙Yi-•V ÿd-°-V-UÙ] Æj-ß-VÙ-Ne-Ls Es-[-]. LÙ°-R-ÿm, ˚UŸm AkR Yp-X-˚U-˚Vl ˘Tt-±-

⁄d-L-Æp-˚X. G≤-‡m LÙ°-Rj-’d-œm ˚Ud-œm ©u-]Ù- -⁄d-œm Yp-X˚U ˙RY BÆ-VÙp Ht-Th-”, Ud-L-fi-˚PV

YÙrd-˚L-L -∞p UÙt-\e-L˚[ Ht-T -”j-’-° -\ -’. A˚R G›-ß-V-Y-˚Wd Li” ©W-™d-LÙ -Up YN-]e-L˚[

Yp-X-˚U-Ÿ-˚PV YÙoj-˚R-L-[Ù-Ld LÙi-T’ (G-©-˘W-Vo 12:2), œ±d-˙LÙ-˚[j RY-\-Æ-”-Y-RÙ-œm.

B. ˙YRÙ-L-Uj-ßu A˚Ul◊ 1. CWi” ˘T¨V Tœ-ß-Ls

˙YRÙ-L-Um T˚Z-V, ◊ßV Gu\ CWi” Ht-TÙ-”-L-[Ù-Ll ©¨d-Ll-Th-•-⁄d-°-\-’.

T˚ZV Ht-TÙh-•p 30 ˙Yfl-ThP B£-¨-Vo-L-[Ùp G›-Rl-ThP 39 ◊j-R-Le-L-fim, ◊ßV Ht-TÙh-•p 10 B£-¨-Vo-L-[Ùp

G›-Rl-ThP 27 ◊j-R-Le-L-fim Es-[-]. C˚Y CWi-”m ˙Nok’ ˘UÙj-Rm 66 ◊j-R-Le-Ls C⁄d-°u-\-]. C˚Y-L-∞p 1,189

Aß-LÙ-We-Ls Es-[]. T˚ZV Ht-TÙh-•p 929 Aß-LÙ-We-L-fim, ◊ßV Ht-TÙh-•p 260 Aß-LÙ-We-L-fim C⁄d-°u-\-].

T˚ZV Ht-TÙh-•p 23,214 YN-]e-L-fim ◊ßV Ht-TÙh-•p 7,959 YN-]e-L-fim APe-°-´-⁄d-°u-\] (˘UÙj-Rm 31,173 ˙YR

YN-]e-L-∞-⁄d-°u-\-]).

AßL Ußl-◊s[ Ju˚\ J⁄-Yo ˘LÙ”l-T˚R Ut-\-Yo Ht-fld-˘LÙs-fim J⁄ EPu-T-•d˚L Ap-X’ Jl-Tk-R˙U “Ht-TÙ”” Bœm. G”j-’d-LÙh-PÙ-L, J⁄-Yo HRÙ-Y’ J⁄ ˘TÙ⁄˚[ YÙeL Æ⁄m-◊m-˙TÙ-’, J⁄-Yo A˚Rd ˘LÙ”l-T-RÙ-Ld ·\, A’ Ht-fld-˘LÙs-[l-T-”-°-\’; Ap-X’ ◊\d-L-¶d-Ll-T-”-°-\-’. ˘LÙ”d-œm ˘TÙ⁄˚[ J⁄ ÿ˚\ Ht-fld-˘LÙi-P-

’m, J⁄ EPu-T-•d˚L Ap-X’ Jl-Tk-Rm ˘Nn-Vl-Th-”-Æh-P-’. CkR CWi” RWl-©-]o-L-fid-œ-™-˚P-˙V-Ÿs[ E\˚Y

˘NVp-T-”j-’m YÙd-œ-fl-ß-L[Ùœm. CkR EPu-T-•d-̊ Ldœ J⁄ SpX G”j-’d-LÙh” ß⁄-U-Qj-ßt-LÙL G”j-’d-̆ LÙs-fim

YÙd-œ-fl-ß-´p LÙQl-T-”-°-\-’. CkR YÙd-œ-flß UQ-U-Ls UQ-U-Lu B°-˙VÙ-⁄d-°-˚P-´p E\-˘Yu-‡m Av-ß-TÙ-W-UÙ-

´-⁄d-œm J⁄ EPu-T-•d-˚L-VÙ-œm.

T˚ZV Ht-TÙ” ̇ U£VÙ Y⁄-Y-˚Rl-Tt± U≤-R-˙]Ù” ̇ RYu ̆ Nn-’-˘LÙiP Ei-˚U-VÙ] Jl-Tk-Re-L˚[ APd-°-V-’.

Cl◊jRLjßu ©tTœß´p EPuT•d˚LL˚[l Tt±l T•l˙TÙm.

13

2. T˚ZV Ht-TÙ” Ik’ ©¨-‹-L-[Ù-Ll ©¨d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’.

a. “˙RÙWÙ” (G-©-˘WV ˘UÙØ-´p) Gu-\-˚Zd-Ll-T-”m Nh-Pm Ap-X’ “Tg-NÙ-L-Um” (pentateuch) (°-˙Wdœ ˘UÙØ-´p “Ik’ ◊j-R-Le-Ls G] Aoj-Rm)” C˚Y-Ls: Bß-VÙ-L-Um, VÙj-ß-WÙ-L-Um, ˙XÆ-V-WÙ-L-Um, Gi-QÙ-L-Um, ETÙ-L-Um.

b. YW-XÙtfl ◊j-R-Le-Ls (Tu-≤-̆ Wi-”): ̇ VÙ—-YÙ, ®VÙ-VÙ-ß-T-ß-Ls. Ïj, 1 NÙÿ-̇ Yp, 2 NÙÿ-̇ Yp, 1 CWÙ_Ùd-Ls, 2 CWÙ_Ùd-Ls, 1 SÙ[Ù-L-Um, 2 SÙ[Ù-L-Um, Gv-\Ù, ˘S˙L-™-VÙ, Gv-Ro.

c. LÆ-˚Rl ◊j-R-Le-Ls (Ik-’): ˙VÙ◊, Ne-∏-Rm, øß-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls, ©W-Ne-°, Eu-]-Rl-TÙh”.d. ˘T¨V æod-L-R-¨-£-Ls (Ik-’): HNÙ-VÙ, G˙W-™-VÙ, ◊Xm-Tp, G˙Nd-°-˙Vp, RÙ≤-˙Vp.e. £±V æod-L-R-¨-£-Ls (Tu-≤-˘Wi-”): K£-VÙ, ˙VÙ˙Yp, B˙UÙv, JT-ß-VÙ, ˙VÙ]Ù, ¡LÙ, SÙ·m, BT-·d. ˘Nl-T-≤-

VÙ, BLÙn, NL-¨-VÙ, Up-°-VÙ.

3. ◊ßV Ht-TÙh-•u Íufl ©¨-‹-Ls

◊ßV Ht-TÙ-”, ˙U£-VÙ-Æu Y⁄-˚L-˚VŸm, AR-u ©\œ AYo Ei-PÙd-°V ◊ßV EPu-T-•d-˚L-˚V-Ÿm ·fl-°-\-’.

◊ßV Ht-TÙh” ◊j-R-Le-L-∞˙X TX-ÆR R˚Xl-◊-Ls Ei-”. ERÙ-W-Q-UÙ-L, YW-XÙtfl ◊j-R-Le-L-∞˙X £X æod-L-R-¨-N-]-ÿm

(Uj-˙RŸ 24, UÙtœ 13, ÌdLÙ 21) Es-[-’. A˙R ˙TÙX æod-L-R-¨-N-]l ◊j-R-Le-L-∞˙X £X ®⁄-Te-L-fim (˘Y∞ 2˛3) Es-

[-]. ◊ßV Ht-TÙ” 3 ©¨-‹-L-[Ù-Ll ©¨d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’. A˚Y-Ls:

a. Ik’ YW-XÙt-fll ◊j-R-Le-Ls: Uj-˙R-Ÿ, UÙt-œ, Ìd-LÙ, ˙VÙYÙu, Al-˙TÙv-RX⁄˚PV SP-T-•-Lsb. 21 ®⁄-Te-Ls: ˙WÙUo, 1 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo, 2 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo, LXÙj-ß-Vo, G˙T-£-Vo, © l-©-Vo, ˘LÙ˙XÙ-˘N-Vo, 1 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-

˙LVo, 2 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d˙L-Vo, 1 æ˙UÙj-˙R-Ÿ, 2 æ˙UÙj-˙R-Ÿ, æj-’, ©˙X˙UÙu, 1 ˙VÙYÙu, 2 ˙VÙYÙu, 3 ˙VÙYÙu,

1 ˙T’-⁄, 2 ˙T’-⁄, G©-˘W-Vo, VÙd-˙LÙ-◊, ÎRÙ.

c. æod-L-R-¨-N-]l ◊j-R-Lm (Ju-fl): ˘Y∞l-T-”j-ß] Æ˙N-`m.

R-≤lThPBn‹:Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm1,TÙLm2

1. G©˙WVo 10:1˛7I YÙ£dL‹m. G›RlThP YÙoj˚R ˘NnVdÿ·PÙRR’ Gu]?

2. G©˙WVo 10:1˛7 ⁄k’ G›RlThP YÙoj˚R´u ˙SÙdLm VÙ’?

3. 2 æ˙UÙj˙RŸ 3:16˛17 I YÙ£dL‹m. HYlThP ˙RY‡˚PV YÙoj˚R GRtœ ©W˙VÙ--_]ÿs[’?

4. 2 æ˙UÙj˙RŸ 3:17 uT• ˙YRYÙd°VeL∞u CWi” Y˚LVÙ] ˙SÙdLm Gu]?

5. ˙VÙYÙu 5:39˛47 I YÙ£dL‹m ̇ YRYN]eL˚[l T•d°\YoLfidœ Gu] GfN¨d˚L C˙V— ̆ LÙ”d°\Ùo?

6. J⁄ “EPuT•d˚L” ApX’ J⁄ “HtTÙh•u” ÿd°V AmNeLs G˚Y?

7. T˚ZV HtTÙh•u Ik’ ©¨‹Ls G˚Y?

8. ˘T¨V æodLjR¨£L˚[Ÿm £±V æodLjR¨£L˚[Ÿm æodLjR¨£Ls Gufl œ±l-©PXÙUÙ?

9. ◊ßV HtTÙh•u Íufl ©¨‹Ls G˚Y?

14

Tœß 3 JÚ YW-XÙt-ßd Li-˙-QÙh-Pm

˙YRÙ-L-Um J⁄ øiP LÙX C˚P-˘Y-∞-´p, TX B£-¨-Vo-L-[Ùp G›-Rl-Th-•-⁄kR˙TÙ’m Ju-fld-˘LÙufl C˚N-YÙn C⁄l-T’

ARu AZ˚L ˘Y∞l-T-”j-’-°-\-’. YW-XÙfl LPkR LÙXj-ßp SPkR Nm-T-Yj-˚R˙V ˙SÙd-œ°\’.

∏˙Z ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s[ Nm-T-Ye-L-∞u °WU Y¨-˚N, U≤R YW-XÙt-±˙X At-◊-R-UÙ] L˚R-´u BWm-Tj-˚R-Ÿm ÿ•-˚Y-Ÿm

˘R∞-YÙ-Ld LÙh-”-°-\-’. TX Ët-\Ùi-”-L-[ÙL Rj-’Y ˙U˚R-Ls ˙Lh-œm ˙Ls-Æ-VÙ] “SÙm Hu Ceœ C⁄d-°-˙\Ùm?” Gu-T-Rt-LÙ] Tß-˚X-Ÿm £X BrkR A±-˚Y-Ÿm SÙm ˘T\-XÙm.

˙UÙ˙XÙh-P-UÙ] L⁄j’ ∏˙Z ˘LÙ”dLl-Th-”s-[-’. Rt-˙TÙ’ SUdœ ÿu ˙RYu ˚Yj-’s[ ˙YRj-ßu ™Ll-˘T-¨V YW-XÙtfl

®Lrf-£-L-∞- -⁄k’ £X-Yt-˚\d Lt-fld˘LÙs-˙YÙm. ©\-œ, ˙RY‡-˚PV At-◊-R-UÙ] ßh-Pj-ßu L⁄j-ß-˚]d LÙi-˙TÙm.

A. ®Lrf-£-L-∞u Æ[d-Lm 1. T˚Pl◊

˙YRj-ßu BWm-Tj-ß-˙X˙V YÙ]m È™-´u £⁄x-•l˚T Bß-VÙ-L-Um Æ[d-œ-°-\’ (B-ß-VÙ-L-Um 1:1; 2 ˙T’⁄ 3:6).

L˚P-£l ◊j-R-L-UÙ] ˘Y∞l-T-”j-ß] Æ˙N-`m, BWm-Tj-ßp C⁄kR T˚Pl◊ AØk-’, “◊ßV YÙ]-ÿm ◊ßV È™-Ÿm” (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 21-˛22) E⁄-YÙL YØYœd-°-\-’.

2. NÙj-RÙ-≤u Gßol◊

U≤-R-˚]d ˙RYu E⁄-YÙd-œ-Y-Rtœf Ntfl ÿu-◊, NÙj-RÙu ˙RY˚] Gßoj-RÙu (H-NÙVÙ 14:12-˛14; G˙Nd-°-˙Vp 28).

CkR ÿRp LXL-jß-u ̇ SÙ-dLm ̇ YRÙ-L-Um ÿ›-Y-’m ™L-‹m ’p- -V-UÙL ÆY¨d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’. A˚Rl-Tt±V Gp-XÙl

Tœ-ß-L-fim G∞-RÙn A±k’˘LÙs[ ÿ•-VÙ--’. SÙm A±k’˘LÙi-P’ Gu-]-˘Yu-\Ùp, U≤-R-≤u T˚Pl-◊dœ

ÿu◊ LP-‹-fid-œm NÙj-RÙ-‡d-œm C˚P˙V J⁄ æÆW ˙TÙo SPk-R-’ (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 12). NÙj-RÙ-≤u L˚P£ Gßol◊

È™-´p C˙V— °±v-’-Æu B´W Y⁄P AW-NÙh-£d-œl ©u-◊, ARÙ-Y’ ◊ßV YÙ]m Ut-flm ◊ßV È™-´u

£⁄x-•l-◊dœ ÿu◊ S˚P-˘T-flm. (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 20:7˛10).

3. È™-Ÿm „¨V-‡m

U≤-Ru C⁄l-©-P-UÙ-Ld ˘LÙs-fim-T• È™-˚Vd LP-‹s BVj-Rl-T-”j-ß-´-⁄k-RÙo. B-ß-VÙ-L-Um 1:2˛2:3 YN-]e-L-

∞˙X È™-VÙ-]’ J›e-°u-˚U-Ÿm ˘Yfl-˚U-Ÿ-UÙn C⁄k-R’ G]d LÙi-°-˙\Ùm. ARÙ-Y’ “VÙ⁄m Y£d-LÙ-Up” “Ud-L[tfl” C⁄k-R-’. ©Wf-£˚] Gu-]-˘Yu-\Ùp, NÙj-RÙu RÙ]Ù-L˙Y ◊œk’ ˙RY≤-Pm NYÙp Æ”dL Y˚L ˙R•d-̆ LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙu. B´W Y⁄P AW-NÙh-£-́ u˙TÙ’ Bi-P-Yo NÙj-RÙ-̊ ]d Lh• ̊ Yd-œm-̇ TÙ’ (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp

20:1˛3) ˙RYu Cu-˘]Ù⁄ ÿ˚\ U≤-R-‡d-LÙL È™-˚Vl ÈW-Ql-T-”j-’-YÙo (H-NÙVÙ 60-˛66).

4. ÿRp Ut-flm L˚P£ BRÙm

ÿRp U≤-R-]Ù-°V BRÙm NoY £⁄x-•l-◊d-œm R˚X-VÙ-´-⁄k-RÙu (B-ß-VÙ-L-Um 1:28; 2:4˛25). H˙Ru ˙RÙh-Pj-˚Rl

TWÙ-U-¨d-L-‹m, ®Xj-˚Rl Ti-T-”j-R-‹m AYu Ae˙L ̊ Yd-Ll-Th-PÙu. L˚P£ BRÙ-UÙ-°V C˙V— °±v’ (1 ̆ LÙ¨k-

ß-Vo 15:45), B -́Wm Y⁄-Pm AW-NÙ-fi-YÙo (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 20:4). ARÙ-Y’ AY-⁄d-œl-©u GY-⁄m AY-̊ Wl˙TÙp ÈWQ

U≤-R-WÙn C⁄dL UÙh-PÙo-Ls.

5. NÙj-RÙ-‡-Pu U≤-R-≤u Ÿj-Rm

BRÙm H˙Ru ̇ RÙh-Pj-ß˙X Æ›k-R-̇ TÙ-’, “Cq-‹-X-Lj-ßu Aß-T-ß-VÙ-°V” (B-ß-VÙ-L-Um 3; ̇ VÙ-YÙu 12:31; 16:11) NÙj-RÙ-‡dœ ∏rl-Th-”-Æh-PÙu. B´W Y⁄P Bh£ BWm-©d-œ-ÿu ˙RYu NÙj-RÙ˚] °±v-’-Æu Bh-£d-œd ∏r ˘LÙi”

Y⁄-YÙo (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 20:1˛3).

6. GpXÙ U≤R œX-ÿm ®VÙ-Vk-æod-Ll-T-”m

U≤-Ru æ˚U-́ p C\eL ̇ RYu A‡-U-ßd-°-\Ùo. B]Ùp L˚P-£-p AYo GpXÙ U‡d-œ-Xj-̇ RÙ-”m C˚P-T-”-YÙo. Bß-

VÙ-L-Um 4˛10 Aß-LÙ-We-L-∞-̇ X, ULÙ ̆ T¨V _Xl-©-W-[-Vj-ßtœ G’ YØ-S-Pj-ß-V’ G]d LÙi-°-̇ \Ùm. C’ U≤R œXj-ßu

∏rl-T-•-VÙ-˚U-´u ®™j-Rm ˙RY‡-˚PV U]v-RÙ-Tj-ß-]Ùp ®LrkR’ (B-ß-VÙ-L-Um 6:1˛13). H› Y⁄-Pe-L-fid-œl ©u

Ei-PÙ-œm ULÙ ETj-ß-W-Yj-ßtœl ©\œ C˙V— °±v’ CWi-PÙm Y⁄-˚L-´p Y⁄m-˙TÙ’ ˙RYu GpXÙ U‡d-œ-Xj-

˙RÙ-”m C˚P-T-”-YÙo. Ak-˙S-Wj-ßp AYo U‡d-œ-Xj˚R “˘Nm-U±VÙ-”-L-[Ù-L-‹m” (Æ-—-YÙ-£-Ls) “˘Ys[Ù-”-L-[Ù-L-‹m” (AÆ-—-YÙ-£-Ls) ©¨l-TÙo (Uj-˙RŸ 25:31-˛46).

7. TÙ©-˙XÙu

˙SÙYÙ-Æu _Xl-©-W-[-Vj-ßt-œl ©u-◊, È™-VÙ-]’ Ud-L-[Ùp ®Wl-Tl-Th-P-’. B]Ùp ˘Yœ Æ˚W-Æp Ud-Ls

Bi-P-Y˚W Æh-”-Æh-”, RY-\Ù] YØ-́ p ß⁄mT BWm-©j-RÙo-Ls. TÙ©-̇ XÙ-≤˙X TÙ˙Tp ̇ LÙ◊-Wm Lh-Pl-ThP’. C’

15

--ReL˚[j RÙe-L˙[ TÙ’-LÙj-’d˘LÙs[ ˙Ut-˘LÙs-[l-ThP ÿVt-£VÙ-œm. RÙe-Ls EV-W-UÙL J⁄ Lh-•-Pj-˚Rd Lh-

•-Æh-PÙp ˙RY-‡-˚PV ˙LÙTÙd-°-˚]d-œj Rl-©j-’d ˘LÙs-[-XÙm Gufl ®˚]j-R-]o (A-RÙ-Y’ ˘Ys-[m ˙TÙu\

RÙd-œ-Rp-Ls) U≤-Ro Re-L-˚[j RÙe-L˙[ NÙok’˘LÙs[ YØ-Y-œd-œm. CkR ÿ˚\ “U≤-Rj-’-Ym’ (humanism) G]l-T-”-°-\-’. °±v-R-Ym Uh-”˙U U≤-R-]Ùp Ru-̊ ]j-RÙ˙] CWh-£j-’d ̆ LÙs[ ÿ•-VÙ’ Gu-T˚R EQok-’s-[-’. Bm;

Sm TÙYj-˚Rl ˙TÙd-L SUdœ J⁄ CWh-N-Lo ˙Yi-”m. £X U≤R CVp-◊-Ls ÀY-‡s[ ˙RY-‡dœ Gß-WÙL Es-[-].

CYt˚\ TÙ©-˙XÙ-≤-Vo, æ⁄ B°-˙VÙo YÙrd-˚L-´p LÙQ-XÙm (H-NÙVÙ 47). Ak-Rj Ru˚U Cu-flm Sm-™p Ei-”.

A˙R Ru-˚U-L˚[ EXL NU-Ve-L-∞-¤m LÙQ-XÙm. A˚Y-Ls U≤-Ru £±’ £±-RÙL ˙Up ˙SÙd° ˘Nufl ˙RY˚]

A˚P-Ÿm YØ-̊ Vj ̇ R•-]Ùp Ru˚] CWh-£j-’d ̆ LÙs-[-XÙm Gufl Sm-◊-°u-\-]. “ETj-ß-WY” LÙXj-ßu ̇ TÙ’ ̇ RYu TÙ©-˙XÙ-≤V CVd-Le-L˚[ AØj’ Æ”-YÙo (˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 17-˛18).-

8. Cv-W-˙Yp

TÙ˙T- - ⁄k’ Ud-L˚[ £R-\-•j-’, AYo-L-fidœ TX-Æ-R-UÙ] ˘UÙØ-L-˚[l T°ok’ ˘LÙ”jR ©u-◊, ˙RYu B©-W-LÙ˚U

“Cv-W-˙Yp’ Gu\ J⁄ ◊’ WÙw-Vj-ßtœ vRÙ-T-L-WÙL A˚Zj-RÙo (B-ß-VÙ-L-Um 12). At-◊R ©\l-TÙ] B©-W-LÙ-™u

ULu DNÙd-œ, Ut-flm ˙TWu VÙd-˙LÙ◊ ÍX-UÙL ˙RYu B©-W-LÙ-ÿ-Pu YWl-˙TÙ-°u\ ˙U£-VÙ-˚Yd œ±j’ EPu-T-

•d˚L ˘Nn-RÙo (B-ßVÙLUm 22:1˛18; 28:14). L˚P-£-´p, Cv-W-˙Yp _]e-Ls Æd-°-WL BWÙ-R-˚]-VÙp Re-Ls ˘NÙkR

CPj-ß- -⁄k’ ©¨d-Ll-Th” EXL ÿ›-Y-’m £R-\-•d-Ll-Th-PÙo-Ls. B]Ù-¤m ˙RY-‡-˚PV EPu-T-•d˚L UÙ\-Æp-˚X.

ETj-ßW LÙXj-ßtœ ©\œ Cv-W-˙Yp _]e-Ls CVt-˚Ldœ Al-TÙt-ThP ÆR-UÙL ¡i-”m ˙Nod-Ll-Th” B´W Y⁄P

Bh-£-´p B∫o-Y-ßd-Ll-T-”-YÙo-Ls (Uj˙RŸ 24:29-˛31).

9. C˙V-—-Æu Y⁄˚L

C˙V-—-Æu ÿR-XÙm Y⁄˚L Ht\ LÙXj-ßp ̇ RY-‡-̊ PV ßh-Pj-ßu-T• N¨j-ß-Wj-ßp SPk-R’. 1 æ˙UÙj-̇ RŸ 2:6; Uj-̇ R-Ÿ,

UÙt-œ, Ìd-LÙ, ˙VÙYÙu B°V —Æ-˙N-`e-L∞p C˙V-—-Æu At-◊-R-UÙ] ©\l-◊, FØ-Vm UWQm, APd-Lm Ut-flm

E´oj-˘R-›-R-˚Xd œ±j-’d LÙi-°-˙\Ùm. ™L-‹m AZ-LÙL HNÙVÙ 53p ÿu-·-\l-Th-P-’-˙TÙX C˙V— °±v’ “TÙ” A‡-T-Æd-°\ RÙN-]ÙL” Y⁄-°-\Ùo. C˙V-—Æu CWi-PÙm Y⁄˚L ETj-ßW LÙXj-ßtœ ©\œ Ht-T-”m. Al-˘TÙ-›’ C˙V— °±v’ Ei-˚U-VÙL Rm-ÿ-˚PV TÙRj˚R CkRl È™-´p ˚Yj-’, Rmÿ-˚PV Gß-¨-L˚[ ˙Ut-˘LÙs-fi-YÙo

(N-L-¨VÙ 14:1˛8; ˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 19:11-˛19). Cq-YÙ-\ÙL B´W Y⁄P Bh-£-˚Vj ’Yd-°-˚Yl-TÙo. CWi-PÙm Y⁄-˚L-´p

C˙V— “˘_Ve-˘LÙs-°\ WÙ_Ù-YÙL” Y⁄-YÙo.

10. Gßo FØVe-Ls

—Æ-̇ N-̀ e-Ls Uj-̇ R-Ÿ, UÙt-œ, Ìd-LÙ, ̇ V ÙYÙu, C˙V— °±v-’-Æu ̆ TÙ’ FØ-Vj-̊ Rd œ±j’ AZ-LÙL ̆ Y∞l-T-”j-

’-°u-\-]. °±v-’-Æu FØ-Vm Ut-\-Yo-L-fid-LÙLf ̆ Nn-Vl-T-”-°\ J⁄ FØ-V-UÙL C⁄k-R’ (Uj˙RŸ 20:28). C˙V-—-Æu

FØ-Vj-’dœ ÿt-±-¤m UÙfl-TÙ-PÙL Gß-¨-˚P-VÙL Akßd °±v-’-Æu FØ-Vm C⁄d-°-\-’. (Akßd °±v’ “˙Lh-•u UL-]Ù-°V TÙY-U-‡-`u” Gu-flm A±-Vl-T-”-°-\Ùu). AYu R]dœj RÙu FØ-Vm ˘LÙs-°-\-Y-]Ù-L-‹m, Gp-˙XÙ-⁄-˚PV LY-]j˚R Ru-TÙp Do-d-°-\-Y-]Ù-L-‹m, Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m Ru-˚]˙V BWÙ-ßdL ˙Yi-”m Gu\ ˙SÙd-L-ÿ-˚P-V-Y-]

ÙL‹m C⁄l-TÙu.

11. N˚T

C˙V— °±v’ E´oj-˘R-›k-’, TW-˙U± ©RÙ-Æu YX’ TÙ¨-Nj-ßp C⁄kR ©u◊ N˚T C˙V— °±v-’-Æu T ≠ ÍXm

Ei-PÙ-°V TÙY Uu-≤l-TÙ-°V St-˘Nn-ß˚V TWl-◊-Y-Rt-LÙL A˚Zd-Ll-Th-P’ (Al-˙TÙv-RX SP-T-•-Ls). N˚TVÙ°V,

CkR UQ-YÙh•, UQ-YÙ-[u C˙V— °±v-’-‹-Pu Lp-VÙ-Qj-ßtœ A˚Zd-Ll-T-”m Y˚W GpXÙ _Ùß-L-˚[-Ÿm ∫P-WÙd-

œm LP-˚U˚Vf —Ud-°u-\-’ (1 ˘RN˙XÙ≤d˙LVo 4:13-˛18; 1 ˘LÙ¨kßVo 15:50-˛58; ˘Y-∞l-T-”j-Rp 19:7˛10).

16

B. —⁄d-LmNtfl ÿu◊ Æ[d-Ll-ThP Nm-T-Ye-L˚[ Suœ LY-≤j-RÙp, Bf-N-¨-V-UÙ-], J⁄ JjR T¨-UÙQ A˚Ul-˚Td LÙQ-XÙm. ÿR- p

U≤R N¨j-ß-Wm Ei-PÙ-]-˚R-Ÿm, ß⁄m-T-‹m A˙R- Y-¨-˚N-´p ®L-Zl ˙TÙ°\Yt-˚\-Ÿm Æ[d-œ-°-\’. Gi-L˚[ A˙R

Gi-L-˙[Ù” ˘TÙ⁄j-ß-]Ùp SÙm TWkR Li-˙QÙh-Pj-ßp ˙RY-‡-˚PV ßh-Pj˚R LÙQ-XÙm.1

1. YÙ]j˚RŸm È™˚VŸm E⁄-YÙd-œ-Rp B-ßVÙLUm 1:1; 2 ˙T’⁄ 3:6

2. NÙj-RÙ-‡-˚PV ÿRp LXLm H-NÙ#Ù 14:12-˛14; G˙Nd-°-˙Vp 28

3. È™ U≤-R-‡d-LÙL RVÙ-WÙ-Ll-Th-P-’ BßVÙLUm 1:1˛2:3

4. ÿRp BRÙ-™u Aß-LÙW R˚X˚Uj’-Ym BßVÙLUm 2:4˛25

5. U≤-Ru NÙj-RÙ-‡dœ A-•˚UVÙ-Rp BßVÙLUm 3

6. U≤R Yod-Lm ®VÙ-Vk-æod-Ll-T-”-Rp BßVÙLUm 4˛10

7. TÙ˙Tp ˙LÙ◊-Wj-ßu Lh-”-UÙ-]m BßVÙLUm 11

8. Cv-W-˙Yp J⁄ ˙-RN-UÙL A˚Zd-Ll-T-”-Rp BßVÙLUm 12

9. C˙V-—-Æu ÿRp Y⁄˚L Uj-˙R-Ÿ, UÙt-œ, Ìd-LÙ, ˙VÙYÙ-u

10. C˙V— °±v-’-Æu FØ-Vm Uj-˙R-Ÿ, UÙtœ Ìd-LÙ, ˙VÙYÙu

11. N˚T A˚Zd-Ll-T-”-Rp Al-˙TÙv-RX SP-T-•-Ls

11. N˚T G”d-Ll-T-”-Rp 1 ˘RN˙XÙ≤d˙LVo 4:13-˛18; 1 ˘LÙ¨kßVo 15:50-˛58

10. Akßd °±v-’-Æu FØ-Vm 2 ˘RN˙XÙ≤d˙LVo 2:1˛12, ˘Y∞lT”jRp 6˛16

9. C˙V-—-Æu CWi-PÙm Y⁄˚L ˘Y∞lT”jRp 19:11-˛19

8. Cv-W-˙Yp ¡i-”m Nk-R-ß-VÙL ˙Nod-Ll-T-”-Rp Uj-˙RŸ 24:29-˛31

7. TÙ©-˙XÙ-‡-˚PV ®fl-Y-]e-Ls AØd-Ll-T-”-Rp ˘Y∞lT”jRp 17-˛18

6. GpXÙ U≤-Ro-L-fim ®VÙ-Vkæod-Ll-T-”-Rp Uj-˙RŸ 25:31-˛46

5. NÙj-RÙu C˙V-—-‹dœd A-•˚UVÙ-Rp ˘Y∞lT”jRp 20:1˛3

4. CW-iPÙm BRÙ-™u Aß-LÙW R˚X˚Uj’-Ym ˘Y∞lT”jRp 20:4

3. È™ U≤-R-‡d-LÙ-L, œ˚\-Vt-\-RÙL ◊’l-©d-Ll-T-”-Rp H-NÙVÙ 60-˛66

2. NÙj-RÙ-≤u L˚P£ LXLm ˘Y∞lT”jRp 20:7˛10

1. ◊ßV YÙ]m, ◊ßV È™ £⁄x-•d-Ll-T-”-Rp ˘Y∞lT”jRp 21-˛22

R-≤lThPBn‹:Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm1,TÙLm3

1. YÙ£dL‹m: Bß-VÙ-L-Um 1˛2 Utflm ˘Y∞lT”jRp 21˛22 A˚Y G˚R ˘Y∞lT”j’°u\].

2. YÙ£dL‹m: HNÙVÙ 14:12˛14 Utflm ˘Y∞lT”jRp 20:7˛10 NÙjRÙ≤u Bß TÙYm Gu]? AY‡˚PV ÿ•‹

Gu]?

3. YÙ£dL‹m: Bß-VÙ-L-Um 1:2, 2:3 Utflm HNÙVÙ 60˛66 Bß-VÙ-L-Ujßp È™ T¨ÈWQUÙLf £⁄x•dLlThP’,

B]Ùp BRÙ™u ≈rf£´]Ùp A’ œ˚\‹s[’. HNÙVÙ G˚Rd œ±d°\’?

4. YÙ£dL‹m: Bß-VÙ-L-Um 3; 1 ˘LÙ¨kßVo 15:45 Utflm 1 ˙T’⁄ 2:22˛24. ÿRp U≤R]Ù°V BRÙUÙ°V

BRÙÿdœm L˚P£ BRÙUÙ°V C˙V— °±v’Ætœm Es[ ÆjßVÙNm Gu]?

5. YÙ£dL‹m: G˙T£Vo 6:10˛18. VÙo Smÿ˚PV GߨLs ˙U¤m SÙm GlT• ˙TÙ¨”°˙\Ùm?

6. YÙ£dL‹m: Bß-VÙ-L-Um 6:1˛13 Utflm Uj˙RŸ 25:31˛46. CkR AßLÙWeL∞u ˘TÙ’YÙ] L⁄l˘TÙ⁄s

Gu]?

7. YÙ£dL‹m: ˘Y∞lT”jRp 17˛18. U≤R ˙SV˙U TÙ©˙XÙ≤V URUÙœm, AojRm Gu]˘Yu\

Ùp U≤RC]m Ru˚]jRÙ˙] TÙ’LÙj’d ˘LÙs[ÿ•Ÿm. CkR AßLÙWeL∞p Es[ GpXÙ

A˚PVÙ[eL˚[Ÿm Li”©•dL ÿVt£ ˘NnVÙUp A’ Ru˚] ˘Y∞lT”j’m CWi” ÿd°V

YØL˚[d Li”l©•ŸeLs.

8. YÙ£dL‹m: Bß-VÙ-L-Um 12:1˛3, G©˙WVo 11:8˛12 Utflm ˘Y∞lT”jRp 20:10˛17. B©WLÙÿdœd

˘LÙ”dLlThP YÙdœjRjRm Gl˙TÙ’ ÿ›˚UVÙL ®˚\˙Yflm?

9. YÙ£dL‹m: HNÙVÙ 53, NL¨VÙ 14:1˛8 Utflm ˘Y∞lT”jRp 19:11˛19. ™L G∞˚UVÙL C˙V— °±v’Æu

ÿRXÙm Utflm CWiPÙm Y⁄˚L˚V ÆY¨.

10. YÙ£dL‹m: 2 ˘RN˙XÙ≤d˙LVo 2:1˛12 Utflm Uj˙RŸ 20:28. C˙V— °±v’ Utflm Akßd°±v’Æu

FØVjßtœ C˚P´¤s[ ˘T¨V ÆjßVÙNm Gu]?

11. YÙ£dL‹m: Uj˙RŸ 28:18˛20; Al˙TÙvRXo 1:8; 1 ˘RN˙XÙ≤d˙LVo 42:13˛18. N˚TVÙ]’ LojR˚Wf NkßdL

A˚ZdLlT”m Y˚W ARu ˙Y˚X Gu]?

17

Tœß 4 JÚ LÙXY-¬˚N Li-˙-QÙh-Pm

Tp-˙Y-\Ù] ÿd-°V N¨j-ßW Nm-T-Ye-L-∞u ∫W-˚Ul-˚T-Ÿm Aßu LÙXe-L-˚[-Ÿm, Aßu E\-‹-L-˚[-Ÿm ˙YRTÙP UÙQ-Yu

Li-•l-TÙL A±V ˙Yi-”m. CkRl Tœß Íufl Y¨-˚N-L˚[ A∞d-°-\-’. ÿRp Y¨˚N ˙YRj-ßp LÙQl-T-”-°u\ 10 ÿd-°V

Nm-T-Ye-L-̊ [-Ÿm Aßu LÙXj-̊ R-Ÿm, Aßu ÿd-°-Vj-ßu —⁄d-Lj˚RŸm ̆ LÙ”d-°-\-’. CWi-PÙ-Y’ Th-•-Vp- T-̊ ZV HtTÙh•u

ÿd-°V Nm-T-Ye-L-˚[-Ÿm, A˚Y-L˚[d ·fl-°u\ ˙YR ◊j-R-Le-L-˚[-Ÿm A˚P-VÙ-[l-T-”j-’-°-\-’. Íu-\Ù-Y’ Th-•-Vp ◊ßV

Ht-TÙh-•u ◊j-R-LeL-∞u ˘RÙPo Y¨-˚N˚V A∞d-°-\-’.

°.ÿ. (B.C.) Gufl ˘LÙi-”s[ LÙXe-Ls C˙V— °±v-’-Æu ©\l-◊dœ ÿk-ßV LÙXe-L˚[ œ±d-°u-\-’. °.-©. (A.D.) Gu-T’ C˙V— °±v-’-Æu ©u-◊s[ LÙXe-L-˚[, Y⁄-Pe-L˚[ œ±d-°u-\-’. C’ Xj-æu ˘UÙØ-´- -⁄k’ G”d-Ll-Th-P-’. CRu ƨ‹

Anno Domini, “SU’ LojR⁄-˚PV Y⁄-Pj-ßp” Gu-°u\ Aoj-Rm.

˙RY‡˚PV YÙo-j˚R˚V ˘NÙtLfidœ ˙SWÙLf˘NnR ˘UÙØ-˘TVol©u A•lT˚P´p LÙXeLs æoUÙ≤dLlTh”-s[].

˙RY‡˚PV YÙo-j˚R˚V T•jR A˙SLo- Rt˙TÙ-’- ·\ÿ-•VÙR A˙SL LÙWQe-L[Ù n Æj-ßVÙNUÙ] LÙXeL˚[ œ±l©h”-s[]

o. C’- GkR œZlTj˚RŸm R⁄Yßp˚X. NmTYeL∞u LÙXj˘RÙPof£˚V A±k’ ˘LÙsY˙R CkRl Tœß´u ÿd°V Teœ.

AvßTÙWeLs Gu\ Ë u ÿkßV Tßl◊Ls BßVÙLUm 11:26 ̨ 12:5 Y˚W œ±l©PlTh•WÙR 60 Bi”L˚[l Tt± ̆ R¨ÆdLj

RY±ÆhP]. B]Ùp Al˙TÙvRXo SPT•Ls 7:4p œ±l◊Ls Es[]. ˙RWÙœ U¨jR©u B©-W-LÙ-m B˙WÙ˚] Æh” ◊\

lThPÙu Gufl Al-˙TÙv-R-Xo SPT•´p ·\lTh”s[’. ̇ RWÙœ B˙WÙ≤p 205 YVßp U¨jRÙu (BßVÙLUm 11:32) Guflm

˙RWÙœ U¨jR©u (Al˙TÙvRXo 7:4) B©-W-LÙ-m B˙WÙ˚] Æh”l ◊\lThPÙu Guflm A±°˙\Ùm. B©-W-LÙ-m ©\kR˙TÙ’

˙RWÙœdœ 130 YV’. BßVÙLUm 11:26 SÙ˙LÙo ApX’ B˙WÙu, ˘T⁄mTÙ¤m B˙WÙu (BßVÙLUm 11:28) CYoLs ©\

l˚T˙V BßVÙLUm 11:26p ̆ NÙpXlTh”s[ 70 Bi”L˚[d œ±d°\’. Jq˘YÙ⁄ ̇ YRÙLU UÙQY‡m ̇ YRYN]eL˚[

˙YRYN]eL˙[Ù” Jl©h” Ltfl Y⁄°\˚Rj ˘RÙPokRÙp ˙R˚YVÙ] Æ]dLj˚Rl ˘Ttfld ˘LÙs[XÙm.

A. Tj’ ÿd-°V Nm-T-Ye-L-fim Aßu LÙX-ÿm1. BRÙ-™u ≈rf£ (°.-ÿ. 3958)

˙YR YN-]j-ßp ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s[ U≤R TWm-T-˚W-´u N¨-VÙ] ÆVÙd-°VÙ-]j-ßp BRÙ-™u ≈rf£ H\j-RÙZ °.-ÿ.

3958 dœ SÙm Y⁄-˙YÙm. BRÙm Gu\ BWmT ◊s-∞-´- -⁄k’ ÿu-˙]Ùh-P-UÙL LÙXLh-Pe-L-˚[d ·h-•-Ÿm NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ-

≤u 4Y’ Y⁄-Pj-ß- -⁄k’ (1 CWÙ_ÙdLs 6:1) ©u-˙]Ùh-P-UÙL LÙX-Lh-Pe-L-˚[-Ÿm ·h-•, ˙RßL˚[ ®o-Q-´d-L-[Ùm.

˙YR Y¨˚N CkR YØ´p ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-•-⁄d-°-\-’. ˙YR Nm-T-Ye-L˚[ ˘R¨kR EXL N¨j-ßW ˙Rß-L- fi-Pu Jl-©-”m-

˘TÙ-›’ SÙm EXL N¨j-ß-Wj-˚R-Ÿm ˙YR N¨j-ß-Wj-˚R-Ÿm Ju-\Ùd° ˙Rß-L˚[ Li-”-©-•d-L-XÙm.

2. ˙SÙYÙÆu _Xl-©-W-[-Vm (°.-ÿ. 2302)

Bß-VÙ-L-Um Ik-RÙm Aß-LÙ-Wj-ß-¤s[ R˚X-ÿ-˚\-L-˚[d LQd-°p ˘LÙi-PÙp SÙm BRÙ-™-‡-˚PV ≈rf-£-´- -⁄k-’,

˙SÙYÙ Y˚Wd-œm 1,656 Y⁄P C˚P-˙Y-˚[˚V LÙQ-XÙm. Cl-T-•-VÙL LQd-°-”m-˙TÙ’ _X-l©-W-[-Vm (°.-ÿ. 2302 dœ

Y⁄-°-\-’).

3. B©W-LÙ-˙UÙ” YÙd-œj-Rj-Rm (°.-ÿ. 1875)

Bß-VÙ-L-Um 11:10-˛26p ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s[ R˚X-ÿ-˚\-L-∞u LQd-°uT•, _Xl-©-W-[-Vj-ßtœl ©\œ 352 Y⁄-Pj-ßp

B©-W-LÙm ©\k-RÙu Ap-X’ BRÙ-ÿd-œl ©u 2,008 Y⁄-Pm LØj’ B©-W-LÙm ©\k-RÙu. C’ B©-W-LÙm °.ÿ-. 1950p

©\k-RÙu GuT˚R œ±d-°-\’. Bß-VÙ-L-Um 12:4 ⁄k’ B©-W-LÙm ˙RY-≤-P-™-⁄k’ YÙd-œj-Rj-Rj-˚Rl ˘Ttfl A’

B©-W-LÙ-™u EPu-T-•d-˚L-VÙ- ]˙TÙ-’ AY‡dœ 75 YVRÙ´⁄kR-’- GuT˚R A±°˙\Ùm, CRu-T• °.ÿ-.1875 Æp

B©-W-LÙ-˙UÙ” YÙd-œj-Rj-Rm ˘NnVlThP-’.

4. Cv-W-˙Y- u VÙj-ß˚W (°.-ÿ. 1445)

B©-W-LÙ-™u ˙SW-•-VÙ] Nk-R-ß-L-˚[d œ±j-’s[ ÆY-We-L˚[ Bß-VÙ-L-Um 12-˛50 SUdœ ˘Y∞l-T-”j-’-°-\-’.

B©-W-LÙÿ˚P-V ˙TW-u VÙd-˙LÙ-©-‡-˚PV ©s-˚[-Ls G°l-ßtœ LPk’ ˙TÙ]Ùo-Ls. Aeœ AYo-Ls L˚P-£-VÙL

G°l-ß-Vo- L[Ùp A•-˚U-VÙd-Ll-Th-PÙo-Ls (VÙjßWÙLUm 1). ˙RYu AYo-L˚[ G°l-ß-V-¨u A•-˚Uj-R-]j-ß- -⁄k’

˙UÙ˙N-´u LWj-ß-]Ùp Æ”-Æj-RÙo. B©-W-LÙ-™u EPu-T-•d-˚L-´- -⁄k-’, ®VÙ-Vl-©-W -UÙ-Qm ˘LÙ”d-œm

LÙXm Y˚Wd-œm 430 Y⁄-Pe-Ls LPk-ß-⁄k-R’ Gufl Al-˙TÙv-R-Xu T‹p C˚Pl-ThP LÙXj˚Rd œ±j’d

·fl-°-\Ùo (L-XÙjßVo 3:17). C’ Cv-W-˙Y- u VÙj-ß˚W 1445 °.-ÿ. G] ˙Rß-´-”-°-\’ Ap-X’ BRÙ-™tœ ©\œ 2,438

Y⁄-Pe-Ls G]d œ±d-°u-\-’.

5. NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ≤u SÙu-LÙm Y⁄-Pm (°.-ÿ. 965)

NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙu, AYu RLl-Tu RÙ≈’ WÙ_Ù Ut-flm N‹p WÙ_Ù˚Y ˘RÙPok-’, Cv-W-˙Y- u Íu-\Ù-Y’ WÙ_Ù-YÙL

C⁄k-RÙu. Cv-W-˙Y- u VÙj-ß-˚W-´- -⁄k’ ˙RYÙ-X-Vj˚Rd Lh-Pj ˘RÙPe-°V NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ-≤u 4Bm Y⁄-Pm

Y˚Wd-œm 480 Y⁄-Pe-Ls LØk-ß-⁄d-°u-\’ Gufl 1 CWÙ_Ùd-Ls 6:1 SUdœ ·fl-°u-\-’. Cl-T-•-VÙL LQd-∏” °.-ÿ. 965

G] NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ-≤u 4Bm Y⁄-Pj˚R œ±d-°-\’ Ap-X’ BRÙ-™t-œl ©\œ 2,918 Y⁄-Pe-Ls G]d œ±d-°u\-’.

18

Ut\ N¨j-ß-W BRÙWeL∞- -⁄k’ NÙ˙XÙ-˙UÙ-≤u 4Bm Y⁄-Pj˚R SÙm LQd°PXÙm. C’ J⁄ ˙Rß-˚V

EflßlT”jR‹m Aß ⁄k’ ©u˙]Ùd°d LQd-°h” VÙjßWÙLUm, B©WLÙ™tœ YÙdœjRjRm, ˙SÙYÙÆu

˘Ys[m Utflm BRÙm ˙TÙu\YoLfidœ ÿu◊ œ±j’s[ ˙Rß˚V EflßlT”jR ER‹°\’. LPkR 100 Bi”-L-

∞p ˙Ut˘LÙs[lThP ˘RÙp-˘TÙ-⁄s BWÙnf-£-´p EXL N¨jßWjßu °.ÿ. ˙Rß-L∞p £X UÙt\eLs ˘NnŸmT•

Rs[lThPÙoLs. Tp-˙Yfl UÙfl-ThP ˙Rß-Ls LÙQl-T-”-YRtœ LÙWQm ClTœß˙V.

6. YP-WÙw-Vj-ßu ≈rf£ (°.-ÿ. 721)

NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙu WÙ_Ù-Æt-œl ©\œ Cv-W-˙Yp CWi-PÙ-Ll ©¨d-Ll-Th” YP WÙw--Vm Cv-W-˙Yp Gu-flm ˘Ru

WÙw--Vm ÎRÙ Gu-⁄m A±-Vl-T-”-°-\-’. YP-WÙw-Vm 721p A∫-¨VÙ Gu\ Yp-X-W-£u ̊ L´p ≈rk-R-’. ̇ U¤m A’ JØk’

˙TÙ´t-fl.

7. ˘Ru WÙw-Vj-ßu ≈rf£ (°.-ÿ. 586)

˘Ru WÙw-Vm °.-ÿ. 586p TÙ©-̇ XÙu Gu\ Yp-X-W-£u ̊ L´p ≈rk’ TÙ©-̇ XÙ-‡dœ ©˚Qd ̊ Lß-VÙL ̆ LÙi” ̇ TÙLl-

Th-P-’. 70 Y⁄-Pe-L-fidœ ©\œ °.-ÿ. 516p ˘Ru-WÙw-Vm Ru ˘NÙkR CPj-’d˙L ¡i-”m YW A‡-U-ßd-Ll-Th-P-’.

8. C˙V-—-Æu ©\l◊ (°.-ÿ. 1)

C˙V-—-Ætœ ©\œ 6 Ët-\Ùi-”-Ls Y˚Wd-œm °.-ÿ. Ut-flm °.-©. Gu\ ̇ Rß-´-”m A˚Ul◊ ÿt-±-¤-UÙL ÿu-˙]-\-Æp-

˚X. N˚T CkR ̇ Rß-́ -”m A˚Ul˚T ®fl-Æ-V-̇ TÙ-’. H˙WÙ’ WÙ_Ù YÙrkR LÙXe-L-∞p Ntfl UÙfl-Rp Ei-PÙ-́ -⁄l-T˚R

A±k-R-’. (C-˙V— ©\dœm- -˘TÙ-›’ H˙WÙ’ WÙ_Ù Aß-LÙ-Wj-ßp C⁄k-RÙu, ÌdLÙ 1:5). AßL SÙh-L-fidœ ©\œ Jufl

Ap-X’ C⁄ Y⁄P UÙfl-TÙ-”-Ls C⁄l-T’ Li-”-©-•d-Ll-Th-P-’. B]Ùp CkR °.-ÿ., °.-©. Gufl ˙Rß-´-”m A˚Ul◊

Ht-L-]˙Y ÿt-±-¤-UÙL ®fl-Yl-Th-P-’. G]˙Y ÿu-]˙U œ±d-Ll-ThP ˙Rß-L˚[ UÙt\ ÿV-¤-Y-Rtœ Tß-XÙ-L, C˙V—

°±v’ 1 Ap-X’ 2 °.-ÿ. Æp ©\k-RÙo Gufl ÿ•-‹dœ ˘LÙi-”-Y-Wl-Th-P-’.

_¯ Vu SÙs-LÙh• _]-Y¨ 1p ˘RÙPe-œ-°-\-’. B]Ùp ÎR-¨u SÙs-LÙh• ˘Nl-Pm-T-¨p ˘RÙPe-œ-°-\-’. CkR UÙfl-TÙh-

•u LÙW-Q-UÙL C˙V-—-Æu ©\l◊ °.-ÿ. 1˛2 Ap-X’ 966-˛965 G] œ±d-Ll-ThP˚R LÙQ- ÿ-•-°-\-’.

9. C˙V-—Æu UW-Qm, APd-Lm, E´oj-˘R-›-Rp (°.-©. 32-˛33)

˘T⁄m-TÙ-XÙ] ˙YR-Yp-¤-]o-Ls C˙V-—-Æu C\l-◊, APd-Lm Ut-flm E´oj-˘R-›-Rp °.-©. 32-˛33 G] œ±d-°u-\-]o.

10. ˙YRj-ßu L˚P£l ◊j-R-Lm (°.-©. 96)

˙WÙUf Nd-W-Yojß ˙PÙ™-Nu Bh£ LÙXj-ßp Al-˙TÙv-R-Xu ˙VÙYÙu Tjÿ æÆtœ SÙ” LPj-Rl-Th-P-RÙLd œ±d-

Ll-T-”-°-\-’. Ceœ ˙YRm ÈW-Q-UÙd-Ll-Th-P-’ (˘Y-∞lT”jRp 22:18-˛19).

B. T˚ZV Ht-TÙh-•u ◊j-RL Y¨˚N1. BRÙ-™- -⁄k’ _Xl-©-W-[-Vm Y˚Wd-œm (°.-ÿ. 3958-˛2302-)

Bß-VÙ-L-Um 1˛5

2. _Xl-©-W-[-Vj-ß- -⁄k’ B©-W-LÙ-™u EPu-T-•d˚L Y˚Wd-œm (°.-ÿ. 2302 ˛ 1875)

Bß-VÙ-L-Um 6˛12

3. B©-W-LÙ-™u EPu-T-•d-˚L-´- -⁄k’ Cv-W-˙Y- u VÙj-ß˚W Y˚Wd-œm (°.-ÿ. 1875 ˛1445)

Bß-VÙ-L-Um 12-˛50; ˙VÙ◊-Æu ◊j-R-Lm.

4. VÙj-ß-WÙ-L-Uj-ß- -⁄k’ NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ-≤u 4Bm Y⁄-Pm Y˚W. (°.-ÿ. 1445 ˛ 965)

a. VÙj-ß-WÙ-L-Um e. ˙VÙ—-YÙ i. 2 NÙÿ-˙Ypb. ˙XÆ-V-WÙ-L-Um f. ®VÙ-VÙ-ß-T-ß-Ls j. 1 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls 1˛5c. Gi-QÙ-L-Um g. Ïj k. Ne-∏Rmd. ETÙ-L-Um h. 1 NÙÿ-˙Yp l. 1 SÙ[Ù-L-Um

5. NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ-≤u 4Bm Y⁄-Pj-ß- -⁄k’ ÎRÙ-Æu ≈rf£ Y˚Wd-œm (°.-ÿ. 965-˛586)

a. 1 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls 6˛22 g. JT-ßVÙ m. HNÙ-VÙb. 2 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls h. ˙VÙ˙Yp n. SÙ·mc. 2 SÙ[Ù-L-Um i. ˙VÙ]Ù o. ˘Nl-T-≤-VÙd. øß-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls j. B˙UÙv p. BT-·de. ©W-Ne-° k. K£-VÙf. Eu-]-R-lTÙh-” l. ¡L

6. TÙ©-˙XÙ-‡dœ SÙ” LPj-Rl-ThP LÙX Lh-Pe-Ls (°.-ÿ. 586-˛516)

a. G˙W-™-VÙ c. ◊Xm-Tp b. G˙Nd-°-˙Vp d. RÙ≤-˙Vp

19

7. TÙ©-˙XÙ-‡dœ SÙ” LPj-Rl-Th-P-ß- -⁄k’ T˚ZV Ht-TÙ” ÿ•-Ÿm Y˚W (°.-ÿ. 516-˛400)

a. Gv\Ù c. NL-¨VÙ e. Up-°VÙb. ˘S˙L-™-VÙ d. BLÙn f. Gv-Ro

C. ◊ßV Ht-TÙh-•u ◊j-RL Y¨˚N:T¨-—j-R BÆ-´u SPj-’-R-XÙp G›-Rl-ThP ◊ßV Ht-TÙh” ◊j-R-Le-L-∞u Y¨˚N ∏˙Z ˘TÙ’-YÙLd ˘LÙ”d-Ll-

Th-•-⁄d-°-\-’:

1. C˙V— °±v-’-Æu ÀÆV N¨j-ß-W-ÿm BWmT N˚T-Ÿm (°.-©. 55-˛85)

a. Uj-˙R-Ÿ c. UÙtœ e. Al-˙TÙv-R-X-⁄-˚PV SP-T-•-Ls b. ÌdLÙ d. ˙VÙYÙu

2. N˚Tdœ G›-ß] ®⁄-Te-Ls (°.-©. 46˛-85)

a. VÙd-˙LÙ-◊ h. ©˙X-˙UÙu o. G©-˙W-Vo b. LXÙj-ß-Vo i. G˙T-£-Vo p. 1 ˙T’-⁄ c. 1 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-˙L-Vo j. ˘LÙ˙XÙ-˘N-Vo q. 2 ˙T’-⁄ d. 2 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-˙L-Vo k. © l-©-Vo r. ÎRÙ e. 1 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo l. 1 æ˙UÙj-˙R-Ÿ s. 1 ˙VÙYÙu f. 2 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo m. æj-’ t. 2 ˙VÙYÙu g. ˙WÙUo n. 2 æ˙UÙj-˙RŸ u. 3 ˙VÙYÙu

3. æod-L-R-¨-N-]m (°.©. 96)

˘Y∞l-T-”j-ß] Æ˙N-`m

R-≤lThPBn‹:Aj-ß-VÙ-Vm1,TÙLm4

1. ∏rLÙ‘m ®Lr‹L˚] N¨VÙ] Y¨˚N´p J›eœT”j’L:

YP-WÙw-Vj-ßu ≈rf£

˙SÙYÙÆu _Xl-©-W-[-Vm

˘Ru WÙw-Vj-ßu ≈rf£

B©W-LÙ-˙UÙ” YÙd-œj-Rj-Rm

C˙V-—Æu UW-Qm, APd-Lm, E´oj-˘R-›-Rp

Cv-W-˙Y- u VÙj-ß˚W

NÙ˘XÙ-˙UÙ≤u SÙu-LÙm Y⁄-Pm

C˙V-—-Æu ©\l◊

BRÙ-™u ≈rf£

˙YRj-ßu L˚P£l ◊j-R-Lm

2. GkR CWi” T˚ZV HtTÙh” ◊jRLeLs £⁄x•l© ⁄k’ G°lß ⁄k’ ◊\lThP VÙjß˚W Y˚Wdœm

Es[ LÙXj˚Rd œ±d°u\]?

3. ˙YRÙLUjßu ∏rLiP TÙLeL˚[ LÙX Y¨˚N´p J›eœT”j’L:

1 NÙÿ-˙Yp ˙VÙ—-YÙ 2 NÙÿ-˙Yp

1 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls 1˛5 ETÙ-L-Um ˙XÆ-V-WÙ-L-Um

Gi-QÙ-L-Um Ïj Ne-∏Rm

®VÙ-VÙ-ß-T-ß-Ls 1 SÙ[Ù-L-Um VÙj-ß-WÙ-L-Um

4. T˚ZV HtTÙh•u ∏rLiP TÙLeL˚[ LÙX Y¨˚N´p J›eœT”j’L:

2 SÙ[Ù-L-Um HNÙ-VÙ K£-VÙ

CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls 6˛22 SÙ·m ˙VÙ˙Yp

2 CWÙ-_Ùd-Ls B˙UÙv ˘Nl-T-≤-VÙ

øß-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls ¡LÙ BT-·d

©W-Ne-° ˙VÙ]Ù

Eu-]-R-lTÙh-” JT-ßVÙ

5. ∏rLiP T˚ZV HtTÙh” ◊jRLeL˚[ LÙX Y¨˚N´p J›eœT”j’L:

˘S˙L-™-VÙ G˙Nd-°-˙Vp NL-¨VÙ RÙ≤-˙Vp Up-°VÙ ◊Xm-Tp

G˙W-™-VÙ Gv\Ù BLÙn

20

6. ∏rLiP ◊ßV HtTÙh” YWXÙtfl ◊jRLeL˚[ LÙX Y¨˚N´p J›eœT”j’L:

Uj-˙R-Ÿ ÌdLÙ Al-˙TÙv-R-X-⁄-˚PV SP-T-•-Ls

UÙtœ ˙VÙYÙu

7. ∏rLiP ◊ßV HtTÙh” ◊jRLeL˚[ LÙX Y¨˚N´p J›eœT”j’L: ˙WÙUo 2 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-˙L-Vo 2 ˙T’-⁄ 1 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo 1 æ˙UÙj-˙R-Ÿ 1 ˙VÙYÙu 2 ˘LÙ¨k-ß-Vo 2 æ˙UÙj-˙RŸ 2 ˙VÙYÙu LXÙj-ß-Vo æj-’ 3 ˙VÙYÙu G˙T-£-Vo ©˙X-˙UÙu ÎRÙ © l-©-Vo G©-˙W-Vo ˘Y∞l-T-”j-ß] Æ˙N-`m ˘LÙ˙XÙ-˘N-Vo VÙd-˙LÙ-◊ 1 ˘RN-˙XÙ-≤d-˙L-Vo 1 ˙T’-⁄

21

Tœß 5˙YRj˚Rl ˙TÙßdLj RVÙ-WÙ-œ-Rp

LPkR LÙXj-ßp ®LrkR ÿd-°V Nm-T-Ye-L˚[d œ±j-’m, A˚Y-L-∞u LÙX-LhP Y¨-˚N˚Vd œ±j-’m LPkR C⁄ Tœ-ß-L∞-

¤m (T-œß 3, Tœß 4) TÙoj-˙RÙm. ˙YRj˚Rl T•d-œm-˘TÙ-›’ “Gl-˙TÙ’?” Gufl G›m ÿd-°V ˙Ls-Ædœ Tß-X-∞lT-Rtœ CkR Av-ß-TÙ-Wj˚R ˙TÙh-•-⁄d-°-˙\Ùm. SÙm ˙YRj˚Rl ◊¨k’˘LÙs[ ÿV-t£d-œm-˙TÙ’, “NjßV YN]j˚R ®RÙ]UÙn Tœj’l ˙TÙßdL” (2 æ˙UÙj˙RŸ 2:15) AY£VUÙ] ˙Ls-Æ-Lfidœ SÙm ˘RÙPok’ Tßp ˙RP ÿt-T-”-˙YÙm. (˙RYu Sm-ÿ-˚PV GpXÙd ˙Ls-Æ-L-˚[-Ÿm AY-¨-Pm ˘LÙi-”-YW A˚Zd-°-\Ùo (Uj-˙RŸ 7:7˛8).

Jq-˘YÙ-⁄ ˙YR YN-]j-˚RŸm YÙ£d-œm-˙TÙ’ A•l-T-˚P-´p SÙm ˙LhL ˙Yi-•V ˙Ls-Æ-Ls ˛ VÙo, Gu], Gl-˙TÙ’,

Ge˙L, Hu Ut-flm Gl-T•? CRt-œl Tß-˚Xd LÙQ ÿt-T-”m˙TÙ’ C⁄ ÿd-°V ˙Ls-Æ-L˚[ U]-ßp ˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-”m. C’

°±v-’-˙YÙ-” G]d-œs[ E\˚Y Gq-YÙfl Y[-Wf ˘Nn-°-\’ (©- l©Vo 3:10), Al-T-•-VÙ-]Ùp SÙu Gq-YÙfl ÀÆdL ˙Yi-”m?

(˙VÙ-YÙu 7:17) Gu-T-˚Y-L˙[ C˚Y.

A. Jq-˘YÙ⁄ ˙YR YN-]j-ßtœm Bfl A•l-T˚Pd ˙Ls-Æ-Ls 1. VÙo?

“VÙo” Gu\ ˙LsÆdœl Tß˚Xj ˙R”m˘TÙ›’ SÙm VÙo ˙T—°\ÙoLs, ˙U¤m VÙ˚Wd œ±j’ ·\lTh”s[’ GuT˚R ®oQ´d°˙\Ùm. G”j’dLÙhPÙL, BßVÙLUm 22: 2 p, ˙RYu B©WLÙÿ˚PV J˙W ˙T\Ù] œUÙW˚] T

˘N¤jRd ·±V˘TÙ›’, B©WLÙÿPu ˙SW•VÙLd ·±]Ùo, Ut\YoL∞Pm ApX. G]˙Y, ˙YRj˚R ˙Lh°\ SÙm

AkRd LhP˚[˚Vd ˚Ld˘LÙs[ ˙Yi•Vßp˚X.

2. Gu]?

“Gu]” Gu\ ˙LsÆ ˘NÙpXlThP LÙ¨Vjßu Ei˚U˚V ˘Y∞lT”j’°\’. ˘Y∞lT”jß] Æ˙N`m 5p C˙V— °±v’ “Bh”dœh•VÙL” œ±dLlTh” C⁄d°\Ùo. CR‡˚PV AojRm C˙V— °±v’ SÙuœ LÙp Lfi˚PV ™⁄Lm GuTRpX. C’ TÙYj˚Rf —Uk’ æod°u\ AY⁄˚PV T ̊ Vf —h•d LÙh”°\’ (˙VÙYÙu 1: 29).

3. Gl˙TÙ’?

“Gl˙TÙ’” G‡m ˙LsÆ, ˙YRjßp LÙ‘m ®Lr‹L∞u LÙXj˚Rd œ±d°u\’. B©WLÙm Ru JuflÆhP N˙LÙR¨VÙ°V NÙWÙ˚[ ®VÙVl©WUÙQ Æß˚V ¡±j ß⁄UQm ˘Nn’ TÙYm ˘NnRÙu Gufl ˙VÙ£dLXÙm. B]

Ùp CkRj ß⁄UQm, ˙UÙ˙N´u ®VÙVl©WUÙQm ˘LÙ”lTRtœ ÿu◊ HtThP’ (˙WÙUo 4:15). G]˙Y B©WLÙ™u

ß⁄UQm TÙYm ApX; ÈWQUÙ] ̇ YRj˚Rj ̆ R∞YÙL A±k’˘LÙs[ “Gl˙TÙ’” GuTßu Tß˚Xd Li”l©•dL ˙Yi”m.

4. Ge˙L?

“Ge˙L” Gu\ ˙LsÆ ◊Æ´Vp Utflm LXÙfNÙWjßp G›RlThP ˙YR TœßŸPu C˚PT”°\’. ˙YRjßp “G⁄N˙Xm Y˚Wdœm” (up to) Gu\ YÙdœ A•dL• LÙQlT”°\’. ̆ T⁄mTÙXÙ] LXÙfNÙWjßp “Y˚Wdœm” GuT’ YP ß˚N˚V ˙SÙd° ˘NnY˚Rd œ±d°\’. B]Ùp ˙YRm ß˚N˚Vd œ±dLÆp˚X. ˙UPÙ] TdLm ˘NpY˚Rd

œ±d°\’. C˙V— °±v’ Ei˚UVÙL ̆ Rtœ ̇ SÙd° TVQm ̆ NnRÙo. B]Ùp A’ “˙Up ̆ NpY˚Rd” œ±d°u\’.

5. Hu?

“Hu” Gu\ ˙LsÆdœl Tßp A∞lT’ A˙SL ˙Y˚]´p AßLd LxPUÙL C⁄d°\’. A˙SL ˙Y˚[´p Ut\ ˙YR TœßL˚[l T•dœm˙TÙ’ Tßp LÙQXÙm. HNÙVÙ 7: 14 ´p “C˙RÙ, J⁄ Lu-≤˚L Lol-T-Y-ß-VÙ° J⁄ œUÙ-W˚]l ˘Tfl-YÙs, AY-⁄dœ Cm-UÙ-‡-˙Yp Gufl ˙T¨-”-YÙs”Gu\ YÙd-°-Vj-ßp“Hu Lu-≤˚L?”G‡m ˙LsÆ GZ-XÙm.“CkR YØ-´pRÙu ˙RYu ˘NnV Æ⁄m-◊-°-\Ùo”Gufl SÙ˙U Tßp ˘LÙ”j-’d˘LÙs-˙YÙm. CkR Tßp N¨-RÙu. B]Ùp ÈW-Q-UÙ-]-Rp-X.

CRtœ Tßp ̇ R”m-˘TÙ-›’ ̇ WÙUo 5p BRÙ-ÿ-˚PV TÙYj-ßu Æ˚[‹ GpXÙ U≤-Ro-Ls ̇ Up C⁄l-T˚R LÙQ- XÙm.

BRÙm Gu\ J⁄ U≤-Ru ÍX-UÙL U≤R Yod-Lm TÙY —TÙ-Yj-ßt-œs Rs-[l-Th-P-’. C˙V— °±v-’-‹d-œl È‹-XL

Rk˚R C⁄l-TÙ-WÙ-]Ùp, C˙V-—-‹m TÙY —TÙ-Yj˚R ̆ LÙi-P-Y-WÙL C⁄k-ß-⁄l-TÙo. “Hu Lu-≤˚L?” Gu\ ̇ LsÆ Ceœ ÿd-°-V-UÙ-]-’. H˘]-≤p, C’ TÙY T¨-LÙ-Wj-’dœ ˙Yi-•V C˙V-—-Æu Rœ-ß-˚Vd œ±d-°-\-’.

6. Gl-T•

“Gl-T•?” Gu\ ˙Ls-Æd-œm A˙SL ˙Y˚[-´p Tßp A∞l-T’ L•-]-UÙL C⁄d-°-\-’. SÙm “C˙V— Gl-T-•dLP- u ˙Up SPk-RÙo?” Gu\ ˙Ls-Æ-˚Vd ˙Lh-L-XÙm. Tßp ™L-‹m G∞-’. AYo T¨-—j-RÙ-Æ˚V NÙok-ß-⁄k- RÙo (ÌdLÙ 4:18). -U≤-R-‡d-œ G˚R-Ÿm ˘NnV —Rk-ß-Wm C⁄d-œm˙TÙ’ GlT• ˙RY-]Ùp EXL N¨jß-Wj˚R Lh-”l-T-”jR ÿ•-Ÿm;

Ck-Rd ˙LsÆdœ G∞-RÙL Tßp ·\ ÿ•-VÙ-’. C˚Rd œ±j-’- ©u-Y-⁄m TÙPe-L-∞p ˙R”-˙YÙm.

22

B. R≤l-ThP CWi” ÿd-°-V-UÙ] ˙Ls-Æ-Ls1. R≤l-ThP ÿ˚\-´p C˙V-—-˙YÙ” ˘S⁄e-°V E\‹˘LÙs[ Gl-T• CkR ˙YR-T-œß ERÆ ˘Nn-°-\’?

SÙm ˙Lh-œm ˙Ls-Æ-L-∞p C’ ™L-‹m ÿd-°-V-UÙ-]-RÙ-œm. ˙YRj-ß- -⁄k’ ˘Tflm A±‹ Æ—-YÙ-Nj-’-Pu C˚Qk’

C⁄dL ˙Yi-”m (G-©˙WVo 11:6). Al-˙TÙ’ C˙V— °±v-’-‹-Pu Sm-ÿ-˚PV E\‹ Y[of-£-V-˚P-Ÿm. ˙YR YN-]m

N¨-VÙ-]’; Sm-Tj-Rd-L’ Gu-flm SÙm Æ—-YÙ-£dL ˙Yi-”m. CR-]Ùp BRÙ-W-UÙ-°V C˙V— °±v-’-Æp Es[ E\‹

Y[of-£-V-˚P- Ÿm. Al-˙TÙv-R-Xu T‹p C˚Rd -œ-±j’ G˙T-£-Vo 3:14-˛19p ·fl-°-\Ùo.

Cß-≤-™j-Rm SÙu TW-˙XÙ-Lj-ß-¤m, È˙XÙ-Lj-ß-¤-ÿs[ ÿ›d-œ-”m-Tj-’d-œm SÙU-LÙ-W-Q-WÙ-

°V, Sm-ÿ-˚PV Loj-R-WÙ-´-⁄d-°\ C˙V—°±v-’-Æ-‡-˚PV ©RÙ˚Y ˙SÙd° ÿZe-LÙp-T-•-

´h-”, øe-Ls AY-⁄-˚PV BÆ-´-]Ù˙X Es-[Ù] U‡-`-≤p Yp-X-˚U-VÙnl TXl-T-P-‹m,

Æ—-YÙ-Nj-ß-]Ù˙X °±v’ Ee-Ls C⁄-R-Ve-L-∞p YÙN-UÙ-´-⁄d-L-‹m, øe-Ls Au-©˙X

˙YÏu±, ®˚X-˘Tt-\-Yo-L-[Ù°, NLX T¨-—j-R-YÙu-L-˙[Ù-”e-·Pd °±v-’-Æ-‡-˚PV Au-

©u AL-Xÿm, ø[-ÿm, BZ-ÿm, EV-W-ÿm Cu-]-˘Rufl EQok-’, A±-‹d-˘Lh-PÙR AkR

Au˚T A±k’˘LÙs[ Yp-X-Yo-L-[Ù-L-‹m, ˙RY-‡-˚PV NLX T¨-È-W-Qj-RÙ-¤m ®˚\Vl-T-

P-‹m, AYo RU’ U°-˚U-´-‡-˚PV I—-Y-¨-Vj-ßu-T-•-˙V, Ee-L-fidœ A‡d-°-W-Lm TiQ

˙Yi-”-˘Uufl ˙Yi•d˘LÙs-fi°-˙\u.

SÙm Sm A±˚Y Y[oj-’d˘LÙs-Y-Rt-LÙL Uh-”m ̇ YRj-̊ Rl T•j-’-Æh” Ut-\-Yo-L-∞-P-ÿm, ̇ RY-≤-Pj-’m Au-◊-·⁄-

Y-ßp Y[of-£-V-˚P-VÙ-Æh-PÙp, SÙm Cfl-UÙl◊ A˚Pk-R-Yo-L-[Ù--˙YÙm (1 ˘LÙ¨kßVo 8:1) C˚\-´-V˚X Suœ A±kR

Al-˙TÙv-R-Xu T‹p Ru-‡-˚PV ™Ll-˘T-¨V B˚N “SÙu AY˚W A±V ˙Yi-”m” (©- l©Vo 3:10) Gu-T˙R Gufl ˘Y∞l-T-”j-’-°-\Ùo. T‹p T¨-˙N-V-]ÙL Ck-R EX-Lj-ßp ˘Lh-•d-LÙ-W-]ÙL TV-Qm ˘Nn-RÙu. B]Ùp °±v-R-Y-]ÙL

˙RY-‡-˚PV E\-Æp £\l-TÙL Y[of-£-V-˚PVj ˘RÙPe-œ-°-\Ùu.

˙RY-‡-˚PV YÙd-œj-Rj-ReL˚[d Li”, A˚Y-L-∞p Sm-©d˚L ˚Yj’ “Sm-ÿ-˚PV C˙V— °±v-’-Æ-‡-˚PV °⁄-˚T-´-¤m AY˚W A±-°\ A±-Æ-¤m Y[-⁄-˙YÙm” (2 ˙T’⁄ 3:18).

2. Al-T-•-VÙ-]Ùp, SÙm Gl-T• YÙZ ˙Yi-”m?

˙YR YN-]j-˚Rl T•j-’-Æh” ARu Aoj-Rj˚Rl ◊¨k-’-˘LÙiP ©\œ SÙm Gl-T• C˚R Sm-ÿ-˚PV A‡-

ß] YÙrd-˚L-´p TVu-T-”jR ÿ•-Ÿm Gu-T-˚Rd œ±j’j ˙RP ˙Yi-”m. G©-˘W-Vo 12:1˛3p SUdœ Ko AZ-LÙ]

G”j-’d-LÙh” ˘LÙ”d-Ll-Th-•-⁄d-°-\-’. ˙YR YN-]m 1 Ut-flm 2 ·fl-°-\-’:

B˚L-VÙp, ˙ULm˙TÙu\ Cj-R˚] ßW-[Ù] NÙh-£-Ls Sm˚Uf „rk’ ˘LÙi-•-⁄dL, TÙW-

UÙ] VÙYt-˚\-Ÿm, Sm˚Uf —t± ˘S⁄e-°- ®t-°\ TÙYj-˚R-Ÿm Rs-∞-Æh”, Æ—-YÙ-Nj˚R

’Yd-œ-°-\-Y-⁄m ÿ•d-°-\-Y-⁄-UÙ-´⁄d-°\ C˙V-—˚Y ̇ SÙd°, SUdœ ®V-™j-ß-⁄d-°\ Kh-Pj-

ßp ̆ TÙfl-̊ U-̇ VÙ˙P KPd-L-P-̇ YÙm; AYo RUdœÿu ̊ Yj-ß-⁄kR Nk-̇ RÙ-̀ j-ßu˘TÙ⁄h-”,

AY-UÙ-]j˚R Gi-QÙ-Up, £¤-˚Y˚Vf N°j’, ˙RY-‡˚PV £e-LÙ-N]j-ßu YX’ TÙ¨-Nj-

ßp ≈t-±-⁄d-°-\Ùo.

G©-̆ W-V ®⁄-Tj˚R Bd-°-̇ VÙu CkR CWi” YN-]e-L-∞p J⁄ Kh-Pl-Tk-R-Vj-̊ Rf £j-R-̈ d-°-\Ùo. Ud-Ls ®ufl˘LÙi”

Kh-Pj˚Rd LY-≤d-°-\Ùo-Ls. 11-Bm Aß-LÙ-Wj-ßp ·\l-T-”-T-Yo-L∞u Kh-Pm ÁWj-˚Rl ̆ TÙ⁄j-’m ̇ YLj˚R ̆ TÙ⁄j-

’m C⁄d-°-\-’. ̆ _Vm ̆ LÙs-fi-°-\-Yu U -̈VÙ-̊ Rd-œ-̈ V CPj-’d-œf ̆ Np-YÙu. ̇ TÙh-•-́ -”-T-Yu (K-”-T-Yu) ̇ YLj˚Rd

œ˚\d-œm Tfi-˚Y-Ÿm, R˚P-L-˚[-Ÿm ALt-±l ˙TÙ”-°-\Ùu. AYu Li-Ls CXd˚L ˙SÙd° C⁄d-°-\-’. Aeœ

Kh-Pj˚R ˘_´jR C˙V— ®t-°-\Ùo. YWl-˙TÙ-œm Nk-˙RÙ-`j˚R ˙VÙ£j-’, GpXÙ ˙NÙo-˚Y-Ÿm K”-T-Yu ˘TÙflj-’d

˘LÙs-°-\Ùu. AYu CXd˚L A˚P-°-\Ùu.

Íu-\Ù-Y’ YN-]j-ßp ®⁄-Tj˚R G›-ß-V-Yo CWi” YN-]e-L˚[ Sm-ÿ-˚PV YÙrd-˚L-´p TVu-T-”j-’-°-\Ùo:

B˚L-VÙp øe-Ls C˚[l-◊s-[-Yo-L-[Ùn Ee-Ls Bj-’-UÙd-L-∞p ˙NÙok’˙TÙLÙ-R-T-•dœ,

RUdœ Æ˙WÙ-R-UÙnl TÙÆ-L-[Ùp ̆ Nn-Vl-ThP Cq-Æ-R-UÙ] ÆT-√-Re-L˚[f N°jR AY-̊ W˙V

®˚]j-’d˘LÙsfie-Ls.

°±v-’-Æu ˘TÙ⁄h” SÙm Lx-Pe-Ls, Gßol-◊-Ls, ˙YR-˚]-Ls, LY-˚X-Ls, AY-UÙ-]e-Ls, ˙NÙo-‹-Ls C˚Y-L˚[f

Nk-ßd-œm ̆ TÙ-›-’, SÙm R˚X-Y-WÙ-°V C˙V-—-̊ Yd L⁄j-ßp ̆ LÙi” AY-WÙp ̇ Rt-\l-T-”-°-̇ \Ùm. “Sm-ÿ-̊ PV TX-≈-]e-L˚[dœ±j-’ T¨-R-©dLd·PÙR ©W-RÙ] BNÙ-¨-Vo SUd-°-WÙ-Up, GpXÙÆRj-ß- ¤m Sm-˚Ul-˙TÙp ˙NÙßd-

Ll-Th-”m, TÙY-™p-XÙ-R-Y-WÙ-´-⁄d-°\ ©W-RÙ] BNÙ-¨-V˙W SUd-°-⁄d-°-\Ùo” (G-©-˘W-Vo 4:15).

C. Gp-XÙd ˙Ls-Æd-œm Tßp A∞dL ÿ•-VÙ-Æh-PÙp Gu]?˙Ls-Æ-L-fim Aßu Tßp-L-fim ÿd-°-V-UÙ-]-̊ Y. ̇ RY-̇ ]Ù” SÙm ̆ LÙi-”s[ E\‹ Æ—-YÙ-Nj˚R A•l-T-̊ P-VÙ-Ld ̆ LÙi

P’ (G-˙T-£-Vo 2:8˛9; ˘LÙ˙XÙ-˘NVo 2:6). G]˙Y Sm-ÿ-˚PV YÙr-SÙ-∞p Gp-XÙd ˙Ls-Æ-L-fid-œm Tßp °˚Pl-T-ßp-˚X.

B]Ù-¤m Sm-ÿ˚PV GpXÙ ˙Ls-Æ-L-fid-œm Tßp °˚Pdœm G] ˙RYu SUdœ YÙd-œj-Rj-Rm ˘Nn-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo (1 ˘LÙ¨.

13:12). YÙr-SÙs ÿ›-Y-’m Sm˚U YØ-S-PjR ˙Yi-•V ˘Nn-ß-L˚[ ˙YR-Y-N-]m A∞d-°u-\-’.