Training Wetenschappelijk benaderd

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Sporttraining wetenschappelijk benaderd

Jan Bourgois

Vakgroep Bewegings- en Sportwetenschappen, UGent

Centrum voor Sportgeneeskunde, UZ Gent

Atleet/Team

Trainer(s)

(Para) Medischebegeleiding

Fysiologischeondersteuning

Psychologischebegeleiding

Socialebegeleiding

Voedings-begeleiding

(Top)Sport(technisch)coördinator

Biomechanischebegeleiding


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“Het systematisch en doelgericht activeren van het

organisme met als doelstelling het

prestatievermogen te verbeteren door morfologische

(structurele) en functionele aanpassingen”

Training wetenschappelijk gedefinieerd

→ Verleden, heden en toekomst!

→Wetenschappelijke benadering in de

praktijk!


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Training = Pragmatische aanpak tss WO I & WO II

Gostä OlanderZweedse Fartlek


Lauri Pihkala & Paavo NurmiHeuveltraining & HIIT (6 x 60s/400m)

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Toni Nett & Emil Zátopek60-100 x 400m op anaërobe drempel (90-120s recup)


Maar ook……

→ De Freiburger intervaltraining Gershler en Dr. Reindell

→ USA: zoektocht nieuwe trainingsvormen- Krachttraining- Algemene conditietraining op het droge voor zwemmers- …..

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Training – Vorm en functie – 1945 tot begin jaren 1970

Onder impuls van Oostbloklanden

→ Een meer wetenschappelijke benadering van training- Prikkel-intensiteit- Mechanisme trainingsaanpassing- Inspanning-recuperatie bij intervaltraining- …….

Maar ook…

→ E. Van Aken & Waldnieler uithoudingstraining→ A. Lydiard & P. Snell (opbouw aëroob - anaëroob)→ R. Clark (volume en frequentie: tot 3x trainen/dag)

Training – Vorm en functie – 1945 tot begin jaren 1970

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Kracht

Snelheid Uithouding

LenigheidCoördinatie

Snelheiduithouding

Trainingsleer – WO I tot begin jaren 1970

- Trainingsmethoden- Plannen- Periodiseren

Inspanningsfysiologie=

Technieken ontwikkelen om te metenSubjectieve ervaringen atleten experimenteel bestuderen

Trainingsleer WO I tot begin jaren 1970

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Training wetenschappelijk benaderd – 2de helft jaren 1970 – ….

Intrede biochemie en sportfysiologie


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Acute aanpassing Chronische aanpassing


- PRESTATIEDIAGNOSTIEK

- TRAININGSSTURING

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Training wetenschappelijk benaderd – 21ste eeuw - ….

Intrede van de moleculaire biologie

SignaalSignaal Verstoring homeostaseVerstoring homeostase

GenGen DNADNA

EiwitEiwit Structurele Structurele -- functionele aanpassingenfunctionele aanpassingen

Gene expressieGene expressie

TranscriptTranscript mRNAmRNA

Gen kopieGen kopie

Translatie en samenstellingTranslatie en samenstelling

Signaal Signaal transductietransductie


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Micro-aanpassingen op moleculair niveau


(Flück, 2006)


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Wetenschap

Trainingsleer

→ Verleden, heden en toekomst

→Wetenschappelijke benadering in de

praktijk


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Whitbread Round the World race 1981 - 1982


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Internationale Regatta Amsterdam (NL) – Finale 4- Hollandbeker


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Roeien wetenschappelijk benaderd


Bourgois J., Claessens A.L., Vrijens J., Philippaerts R., Van Renterghem B., Thomis M., Janssens M., Loos R., Lefevre J. ,Anthropometric characteristics of elite male junior rowers. Br. J. Sports Med., 34: 213 - 217, 2000

Bourgois J., Vrijens J., Lefevre J., Janssens M., Phillipaerts R., Van Renterghem B., Thomis M., Loos R., Claessens A.L.,Anthropometric characteristics of elite female junior rowers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 19: 195 - 202, 2001

Claessens A.L., Bourgois J., Pintens K., Lefevre J., Van Renterghem B., Phillipaerts R., Loss R., Janssens M., Thomis M., VrijensJ. Body composition of elite female junior rowers in relation to competition level, rowing style, and boat type. HumanbiologiaBudapestinesis, 27: 159 - 165, 2002

Claessens Bourgois J., Beunen G., Philippaerts R., Thomis M., Lefevre J., Loos R., Vrijens J. Age at menarche and its relationwith physique, competition level, and boat category in elite junior rowers. Annals of Human Biology, 2: 148 – 159, 2003

Claessens A.L., Bourgois J., Van Aken K., Van der Auwera R., Philippaerts R., Thomis M., Vrijens J., Loos R., Lefevre J. Bodyproportions of elite male junior rowers in relation to competition level, rowing style and boat type. Kinesiology, 37 (2): 123 –132, 2005

Claessens AL., Bourgois J., Seps B., Lefevre J., Philippaerts R., Loos R., Thomis M., Vrijens J. Body composition andsomatotype characteristics of elite junior rowers in relation to competition level, rowing style and boat type. In: Tóth GA.(Ed.), Auxology, Savaria University Press, Szombathely, Hungary; 109 – 116, 2005

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Bourgois J., Vrijens J., Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during prolonged exercise tests on therowing ergometer at power outputs corresponding to two anaerobic threshold concepts in young oarsmen,Eur. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 77, nr. 1-2, 164 -169, 1998

Bourgois J., Vrijens J., The Conconi test: a controversial concept for the determination of the anaerobicthreshold in young rowers, Int. J. Sports Med., 19: 553 - 559, 1998

Bourgois J., Vrijens J., Growth, maturation and development: consequences for a long-term build-up trainingprogramme in rowing. In: W. Fritsch (Hrsg.): Rudern-Entwickeln, Kooperieren, Vermitteln, Berichtsband zum4. Konstanzer Rudersymposium 1999, Sindelfingen, Sportverlag, Schmidt & Dreisilker GmbH, 71 - 84, 2001

Baguet A., Bourgois J., Vanhee L., Achten E., Derave W. Important role of muscle carnosine in rowing.Journal of Applied Physiology, 109: 1096-1101, 2010

Bourgois, J., Steyaert A., Boone J. Physiological and anthropometric progression in aninternational oarsmen: a 15 year case study. International Journal of Sports Physiology andPerformance, 2013 – In press (Accepted for publication - September 16th, 2013)


Bourgois, J., Steyaert A., Boone J. Physiological and anthropometric progression in an internationaloarsmen: a 15 year case study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2013 –In press (Accepted for publication - September 16th, 2013)

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Age

(years)

Weeks/year

(n)

Sessions/week

(n)

Hours/week

(hrs)

Hours/year

(n)

General/specific

(%-%)

Rowing

(km/year)

10 45 2 – 3 3 135 60-40 -

11 45 3 3 – 4 160 60-40 -

12 45 3 – 4 4 180 60-40 400

13 45 3 – 4 4 – 5 210 60-40 600

14 45 4 5 – 6 250 60-40 800

15 45 5 – 6 7 – 9 350 60-40 1300

16 45 6 – 7 10 – 11 450 60-40 1750

17 45 7 – 9 12 – 13 580 55-45 2500-3000

18 45 9 – 1O 14 – 15 650 50-50 3000-3500

19 48 9 – 10 15 – 16 750 47-53 4500

20 48 10 – 11 16 – 18 850 47-53 5000-5500

21 48 11 – 12 18 – 20 900 45-55 5500-6000

22 – 25 48 12 – 15 20 – 25 950 45-55 >6000

> 26 48 > 15 20 - 30 > 1000 45-55 >6000

(Bourgois & Vrijens, 1988 & 2001)

[La] (mmol/l)

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550Roeiergometer Power Output (Watt)

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14

12

10

8

6

4

2

November ‘03

July ‘04


(Bourgois J, 2005)

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0 30 60 90Time (minutes)

HR (beats/min) [La] (mmol/l)

190

160

130

100

70

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

SR 18SR 20

SR 22

WU

REC

RECREC

Single scull 1x


(Bourgois J, 2005)


Junior (1998-1999) Senior (2003-2004)

Training weeks (n) 45 48

Sessions/week (n) 9 12.5

Volume/week (hours) 11.3 17.2

Duration/session (min) 75 82.5

General vs. Specific

General conditioning (%) 9.1 15.4

Resistance training (%) 25.5 23.4

Specific rowing training (%) 65.4 61.2

Total rowing volume

(km)4371 6091

Volume distribution

Zone I = [La] < 2.0 (%) 92.8 93.1

Zone II = [La] 2.0 – 4.0) (%) 5.2 2.3

Zone III = [La] 4.0 – 8.0 (%) 1.0 1.7

Zone IV = [La] > 8.0 (%) 1.0 2.9(Bourgois J, 2005)

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(Seiler S, 2010)

“Roeien wetenschappelijk benaderd”(Bourgois et al., 2013)

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Basketbal wetenschappelijk benaderd


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IJSPP In Press

Morphological and Physiological Profile of Elite Basketball Players in the Belgian Competition

Section: Original Investigation

Authors: Jan Boone1,2, Jan Bourgois1,2

Affiliations: 1Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 2Center of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Acceptance Date: March 1, 2013



Conditionele voorbereiding

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Basketbal wetenschappelijk benaderd (Laursen, 2010)

Olympisch zeilen wetenschappelijk benaderd

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Transfer?

Droogtraining →Watersport?


(Callewaert et al., 2013)

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Callewaert M., Boone J., Celie B., De Clercq D., Bourgois J. Quadriceps muscle fatigue in trained and untrained boys. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Section Physiology and Biochemistry, 34: 14 –20, 2013

Callewaert M., Boone J., Celie B., De Clercq D., Bourgois J. Quadriceps oxygenation and neuromuscular responses to a sailing simulation in prepubertals. Pediatric Exercise Sciences, 2013 - In press – 2013 Jun 29 [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 24018866 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Margot Callewaert, Stefan Geerts, Evert Lataire, Jan Boone, Marc Vantorre, Jan Bourgois. Developmentof an Upwind Sailing Ergometer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2013 – Inpress (Accepted for publication - March 07h, 2013)

M. Callewaert, J. Boone, B. Celie, D. De Clercq, J. Bourgois. Indicators of sailing performance in dinghysailing. European Journal of Sport Science. 2013 (Submitted for publication)

Margot Callewaert, Jan Boone, Bert Celie, Dirk De Clercq, Marc Vantorre and Jan Bourgois.Cardiorespiratory, Metabolic and Muscular Responses to Upwind Laser Sailingand PhysiologicalDeterminants of Performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2013 (In preparation to submit)

Bourgois J, Boone J, Callewaert M, Tipton M, Tallir I. Biomechanical and physiological demands ofkitesurfing and epidemiology of injury among kitesurfers. Sports Medicine, 2013 – In press (Accepted forpublication – September 17th, 2013)

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→ Fysiologische profiel van de wedstrijd

(in relatie tot biomechanisch profiel)

→ Fysiologische profiel van de atleet

→ Doelstellingen

→ Planning

→ Trainingsmethodiek

(trainingsmethoden, periodiseren & taper)


Sport is not science, it is an art.But science can help to improve sports performance.

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In fact, everything we know is only some kind of approximation, because we know that we do not know all laws as yet.

Therefore things must be learned only to be unlearned again or,more likely, to be corrected.

Experiment is the sole judge of scientific “truth”.

(Richard Feyman, Lectures in Physics)

Training Wetenschappelijk benaderd

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