Tamil 12th std

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 1

12Mk; tFg;G jkpo; Kjy;jhs;

t.vz; jiyg;G tpdhf;fs; kjpg;ngz;

1 ÁWtpdh 1 – 6

4x2=8

2 ngUtpdh 7 – 11 – 3 ® 12 3x4=12

3x4=12 3 ngUtpdh 12 - 16 - 3 ® 12

4 neLtpdh 20 – 21 1x8=8

5 ghlybtpdh 22 – 6 4x1=4

6 kdg;ghlk; 23 – 4 6+4=10

7 gFgjk; 24 2x2=4

8 ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G 25 3x2=6

9 Gzh;r;rp 26 2x2=4

10 jpiz> Jiw 27 1x4=4

11 mzp 28 1x4=4

12 nghUj;Jf 29 – 32 4x1=4

13 chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf 33 – 48 16x1=16

14 Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf 49 – 50

2x2=4

nkhj;jk; 100

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 2

t. vz; jiyg;G tpdhf;fs; kjpg;ngz;fs;

1 ÁWtpdh FWtpdh - 16 8

2 ngUtpdh jpUf;Fws; - 5 tho;j;J - 3 8

3 ngUtpdh rpw;wpyf;fpak; - 4 kWkyh;r;rp - 4 12

4 neLtpdh jpUf;Fws; kl;Lk;. - 4 8

5 kdg;ghlg; ghly;

nra;e;ed;wpawpjy; mwpTilik 4

6

gFgjk;> ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G> Gzh;r;rptpjp> 14

7 mzp ,yf;fzk;

ctik mzp>vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikmzp> nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp 4

8 Âiz, Jiw

nghJtpay;;jpiz> nghUz;;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiw 4

9 chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf 16

nkhj;jk; 78

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 3

12Mk; tFg;G jkpo; ,uz;lhk;jhs;

t.vz; jiyg;G tpdh vz; kjpg;ngz;fs;

1 ngUtpdh 1 – 5 12

2 ngUtpdh 6 – 12 12

3 neLtpdh 11 – 12 6

4 Jizg;ghlk; 13 – 14 20

5 ,yf;fpaeak; ghuhl;ly; 15 10

6 nkhopg;gapw;;rp 16 – 21 6

7 gonkhop 22 4

8

xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh - nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp 23 - 32 10

nkhj;jk; 80

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 4

t. vz;

jiyg;G kjpg;ngz;fs;

1 ghlk; - 1>2 kl;Lk; 9tpdhf;fs; 8

2 ghlk; - 5>7 kl;Lk; 10 tpdhf;fs; 8

3 ghlk; - 1>7 kl;Lk; 4 tpdhf;fs; 6

4 Jizg;ghlk; - 1>4 kl;Lk; 2 tpdhf;fs; 10

5 Jizg;ghlk; - 6>9 kl;Lk; 2 tpdhf;fs; 10

6 ,yf;fpaeak; ghuhl;ly; khjphp - 1 10

7 jkpohf;fk; - 20 6

8 nkhopg;gapw;rp - Gj;jfj;jpw;Fg; gpd; cs;sJ kl;Lk; 8

nkhj;jk; 66

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 5

jkpo; Kjy; jhs;

1.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.

gapw;rpfs; nra;Al;fspd; gpd; mike;Js;sd. mtw;wpypUe;Nj tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. mtw;NwhL Áy;Fwpg;G > Mrphpah; Fwpg;G Mfpatw;iwAk; gbj;jhy; 16 kjpg;ngz;fisAk; ngw;wplyhk;. 2. jpiz my;yJ Jiwia tpsf;Ff. nghJtpay; jpiz> nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiw Mfpatw;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;fkhf¥ gbj;jhNy 4 kjpg;ngz;fisAk; ngw;wplyhk;. 3. ghlg;gFjpfspy; mike;j mzpfspy; jpUf;Fwspy; mike;j 3 mzpfisg; gbj;jhNy 4 kjpg;ngz;fisAk; ngw;wplyhk;. *mzp ,yf;fzk;, vLj;Jf;fhl;L> mzp mike;j jd;ik Mfpait tpsf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 4. rpWtpdhf;fspy; fPNo cs;s gFjpfSf;F tiuTj;jpl;lk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; je;Js;sJ. *njhif Áy;fs; - 23 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;. *jpUf;Fws; - 23 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;. *Njk;ghtzp – 14 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;. *rpw;wpyf;fpak; - 7 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;. *kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs; - 14 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;. *topghl;Lg; ghly;fs; - 14 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;. ,tw;Ws; Njk;ghtzp>rpw;wpyf;fpak;>kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;> topg;ghl;Lg;ghly;fs; M»a gFjpfis kl;Lk; gbj;jhNy rpWtpdhf;fspy; 8 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngw;W tplyhk;. 5. ngUtpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk; gFjpfs; édh¤jhŸ Â£l tiuÎ mbg;gilapy; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Kjy; gFjp:- tho;j;J : 4 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; jpUf;Fws;: 10 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; njhifÁy;fs;: 12 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; Njk;ghtzp 6 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; ghz;bad; ghpR 5 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; ,uz;lhk; gFjp:- rpw;wpyf;fpak; 5 tpdhf;fspy; 2 vOjpdhy; 8 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs; 4 tpdhf;fspy; 2 vOjpdhy; 8 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; topghl;L ghly;fs; 6 tpdhf;fspy; 1 vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;

,U gFjpfspYk; jyh %d;W %d;W tpdhf;fSf;F kl;LNk tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;> rpw;wpyf;fpag; gFjpfspy; Fiwthd tpdhf;fspy; ,Ue;J 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLtjhy; Mokhff; fw;wpLf. Nkw;fz;l gFjpfis KOikahfg; gbj;jhNy ntw;wp ngw;Wtplyhk;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 6

6. neLtpdhf;fs; 3 gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Nfl;fg;gLk;.

1. jpUf;Fws; 2. njhlh;epiyr; nra;As; 3. kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;

KOikahd kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw tpUk;GNthh; jpUf;Fwspd;

fU¤J¡fis¤ ; njspthf vOJf. vspjhfg; gbf;f tpUk;GNthh;

kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly; tpdhf;fisg; gbf;fyhk;.

7. ghly;mbapd; fPo; cs;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJjy;.

njhifEhy;fs;> njhlh;epiyr; nra;As; gFjp ghly; mbfis

ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;lhy; ,g;gFjpapy; 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.

8. ,yf;fzg;gFjp:

gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; :-

▪ ;j;’ re;jp ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk; mikAk; nrhw;fs; .

▪ nganur;rk; / tpidnar;rk; tpFjp mikgit

▪ tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W> Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp

mikgit.

▪ vspa tpidKw;W tpFjpfs; mikgit

,tw;iw ed;F gbj;jhNy 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.

,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G ▪gz;Gj;njhif

▪tpidj;njhif ▪vz;Zk;ik / ck;ikj;njhif ▪msngil ▪cUtfk; ▪nganur;rk; / tpidnar;rk; ,tw;iw ed;F gbj;jhNy 6 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;

Gzh;r;rp tpjp jUf:-

1. ‘cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng’ 2. ‘caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;’ 3. ‘G+g;ngah;Kd; ,dnkd;ikAk; Njhd;Wk;;

4. ‘<WNghjy;’

5. ‘,dkpfy;’; 6. ‘,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;Kd; frjg kpFk;’

Mfpa tpjpfs; mikag;ngw;w nrhw;fisg; gphpj;J Gzh;r;rptpjp

vOjpg; goFf. KOikahd kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngw;Wtplyhk;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 7

9. nghUj;Jf:-

nra;As; gFjpapd; gpd; cs;s nghUj;Jf gapw;rpfis ed;F gbj;jhy; 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;. 10. kdg;ghlg; gFjp kdg;ghlg;gFjpfis¥ ghtifNahL KOikahfg; gbj;jpLf. vOj;Jg;gpio ,y;yhky; mbgpwohky; vOjpdhy; KOkjpg;ngz;fs; (10) ngw;wplyhk;. 11. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis Vw;w nrhw;fshy; epug;Gf:- jpUf;Fwspd; 40 Fws;fisAk; ed;F gbj;jhy; KOikahd kjpg;ngz;fs; 4 ngwyhk;. njspthd vOj;J tbtk;>gpio ,y;yhky; vOJtJ Mfpatw;iw tpil mspf;Fk; NghJ filg;gpbj;jhy; Áw;Wf;F ÁW kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

I. Jizg;ghlf; fl;Liufspy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngw tpUk;Gfpd;w khzt>

khztpah;fs; ftdpf;f:

13Mk; tpdhtpw;Fj; Jizg;ghlq;fs; 1 Kjy; 5 tiu cs;s fijfisg; gbj;jhy;

10 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;.

fijj;jiyg;G> Mrphpah; ngah; Kd;Diu fijf;fU fij khe;jhpd; ngah;fs; fijapd; Nghf;if cl;jiyg;Gfs; nfhLj;J vOJjy; fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp KbTiu

,tw;iw KOikahfg; gpd;gw;Wf 14Mk; tpdhtpw;F 6 Kjy; 10 tiu cs;s Jizg;ghlg; gFjpapy; ‘xt;nthU

fy;yha;’> ‘kz;’ Mfpa rpWfijfspy; kl;LNk fij khe;jh; gz;Gfs; tpdh cs;sJ.

vdNt mtw;iw Cd;wpg;; gbf;fTk;.

fijj; jiyg;G> Mrphpah; ngah; Kd;Diu fijr;RUf;fk; fijapd; xU fjh khe;jhpd; gz;Gfisr; rpWrpW gj;jpfspy; tpsf;Ff

,it midj;ijAk; gpd;gw;wpdhy; 10 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;. II. 15Mk; tpdh ,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly; gFjpapy; ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp>

ehkf;fy;yhh; ghly;fs; kl;LNk toq;fg;gLk;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 8

nfhLf;fg;gl;l ghlypd; fUj;Jfis vspa ciueil tbtpy; vOj Ntz;Lk;. mjidr; RUf;fp ikaf;fUj;jhf vOjNtz;Lk;. ghlypy;> ctik mzp> nrhw;nghUl;gpd;tU epiyazp> ,ay;G etpw;rp mzp>

cah;T etpw;rp mzp Mfpatw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W mike;Js;sij vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Kd;Diu> nghUs;eak;> nrhy;eak;> Nkhid> vJif> re;jeak;> Riteak;> ghly;jiyg;G> KbTiu Mfpait mikj;Jf; fl;Liu vOjTk;.

I, II Mfpa ,uz;L gFjpfis ed;whfg; gbj;jhNy jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhspy;

khzt> khztpah; ntw;wp ngwyhk;.

III. ciueilapd; ghlg; gFjpfSf;Fg; gpd; ,Uf;Fk; nkhopg;gapw;rpfs; kl;Lk; gbj;jhNy

10 kjpg;ngz; fpilf;Fk;.

thf;fpag; gpio ePf;Ff> re;jpg; gpio ePf;Ff kuGg; gpio ePf;Ff> gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;Ff

t*cr; nrhw;fis ePf;Ff Kjypa gFjpfis ed;whfg; gbf;fTk;.

IV. ngUtpdh ,uz;L gphpthff; Nfl;fg;gLk;.

(1 Kjy; 4 ghlk; tiu Kjy; gFjp) 1>2>3 Mfpa ghlq;fs; ed;F gbj;jhNy KO kjpg;ngz;fs; (12) ngwyhk;. (5 Kjy; 8 ghlq;fs; tiu ,uz;lhk; gFjp). 5>6>7 Mfpa ghlq;fspy; cs;s ngUtpdhf;fisg; gbj;jhNy KO kjpg;ngz;fs;

(12) ngwyhk;. V. neLtpdhf;fs; ,uz;L gFjpfshff;; Nfl;fg;gLk;.

1 Kjy; 4 tiu Kjy; gFjp 5 Kjy; 8 tiu ,uz;lhk; gFjp

,tw;Ws; xU gFjpapy; cs;s neL tpdhf;fis KOikahfg; gbj;jhNy

neLtpdhtpy; 6 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;

jkpohf;fk;> tho;tpay; epfo;T gFjpfspy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngWtjw;F ,Jtiu

muR tpdhjh;fspy; Nfl;fg;gl;l jkpohf;fk;> tho;tpay; epfo;T Mfpatw;iw kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

gbj;Jg; gapw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

Nkw;$wpatw;iw khzt> khztpah;fs; fUj;jpy;nfhz;L ed;F fw;W 80/80

kjpg;ngz;fis nty;f.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 9

jkpo; Kjy; jhs;

gFjp – 1 (xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh - tpilfs;)

cupa tpiliaj; Nju;e;njOJf.

1. fk;gu; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gytu;fSs; xUtu; m) ef;fPuu; M) xl;lf;$j;ju; ,) ,sq;Nfhtbfs;

2. ‘xd;Nwnad;dpd; ’ vd;Dk; flTs; tho;j;Jg;ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk; m) mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; M) Re;ju fhz;lk;; ,) Aj;j fhz;lk;

3. fk;gu; jhk; ,aw;wpa fhg;gpaj;jpw;F ,l;l ngau; m) fk;guhkhazk;; M) ,uhkhtjhuk;;; ,) jpUf;if tof;fk;

4. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; m) rptd;; M) jpUkhy;;; ,) KUfd;

5. “fw;Nwhuhy; GytNuW ” vd;W rpwg;gpf;fg; ngw;wtu; m) tuj eQ;irag; gps;is M) fk;gu; ,) Nrf;fpohu;

6. Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ m) mfehDhW M) gjpw;Wg;gj;J ,) GwehDhW

7. GwehDhw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s jpizfs; m) Ie;J M) gjpndhd;W ,); gj;J

8. jkpoupd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; fUT+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; Ehy; m) mfehDhW M) Iq;FWEhW ,) GwehDhW

9. GwehDhw;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; m) 11 M) 65 ,); 75

10. vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fSs; xd;W m) FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L ,) gupghly; 11. gupghly; vd;Dk; Ehy; m) mfg;ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ

M) mf> Gwg; nghUs; ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ ,) Gwg;ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ 12. mfehD}W kzpkpil gtsj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if m) 100 M)120 ,)180 13. mfehDhw;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw m) 4 Kjy; 8 mb tiu M)9 Kjy; 12 mb tiu ,) 13 Kjy; 31 mb tiu 14. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; m) Mupag;gil fle;j neLQ;nropad; M) xy;iyA+u; je;j G+jg;ghz;bad; ,) gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khwd; tOjp 15. ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw m) 4 Kjy; 8 mb tiu M) 9 Kjy; 12 mb tiu

,) 13 Kjy; 31 mb tiu

16. fgpyiu ‘ tha;nkhopf; fgpyu; ’ vdg; Nghw;wpatu; m) ef;fPuu; M) ngUq;Fd;Whu;f; fpohu; ,) khNwhf;fj;J eg;griyahu; 17. FWe;;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbatu; m) fgpyu; M) tue;jUthu; ,) ngUe;Njtdhu; 18. Fwl;gh vd;gJ m) ehyb ntz;gh M) %tb ntz;gh ,) <ub ntz;gh 19. mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if m) 70 M) 38 ,) 25 20 jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs; m) 4 M) 9 ,) 30

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 10

21. nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd;gb mtu; tho;e;j fhyk; m) fp.K. 31 M) fp.gp. 31 ,) fp.K. 18 <) fp.gp.190 22. nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs; m) ghapuk;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay; M) murpay;> mq;ftpay;> xopgpay; ,) fstpay;> fw;gpay; 23. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czu;j;JtJ m) gonkhop M) jpUts;Stkhiy ,) ehybahu; 24. ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk vdg; ghbatu; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) ftpkzp 25. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; m) %d;W M) MW ,) Kg;gJ 26. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gpupT m) glyk; M) ,ay; ,) fhij 27. rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrpupaUs; xUtu; m) ,sk;G+uzhu; M) mUk;gjTiufhuu; ,) er;rpdhu;f;fpdpau; 28. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngau;fspy; xd;W m) ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; nra;As; M) fz;zfp fhij

,) rpyg;gjpfhuk; 29. NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; --- Rit NjWk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;batu; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is 30. tup vd;gJ ____ tifaJ

m) re;jg;ghly; M) fypg;ghly; ,) ,irg;ghly; 31. fk;g ehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff; $wg;gLk; fzf;fPL m) 96 M) 108 ,) 100 32. cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbatu; m) xl;lf;$j;ju; M) thd;kPfp ,) GfNoe;jp 33. fk;guhkhazj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fspd; vz;zpf;if m) MW M) VO ,) xd;gJ 34. Re;ju fhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy; m) Kjw;fhz;lk; M) Ie;jhq; fhz;lk; ,) Vohq;fhz;lk; 35. Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy; toq;fg;gLtgu; m) mDkd; M) ,uhtzd; ,) ,yf;Ftd;

36. ‘rpwpa jpUtb’ vd;W miof;fg;gLgtu; m) fUld; M) mDkd; ,) tPlzd; 37. jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; m) mk;kh M) cld;gpwe;jhs; ,) kfs; 38. ,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhfr; rPijaplk; mDkd; fhl;baJ m) fizahop M) mzpkzpfs; ,) fbjk; 39. rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr;nry;y Ntz;b tpjpj;j fhyk; m) xUjpq;fs; M) Xuhz;L ,) xUehs; 40. tPukhKdptupd; jha;ehL m) jkpofk; M) gpuhd;R ,) ,j;jhyp 41. nfhd;];lhd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; m) nfhd;wtd; M) mQ;rhjtd; ,) Ntw;Wehl;ltd; 42. tPukhKdptu; njhFj;j mfuhjp m) rJufuhjp M) Ngufuhjp ,) mUk;gj mfuhjp 43. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhopngau;j;Jj;

je;jJ m) Mq;fpyk; M) ,yj;jPd; ,) tlnkhop 44. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiytu; m) R+irkhKdptu; M) ,NaRngUkhd; ,) jhtPjd; 45. ghujpjhrdhu; ntspapl;l ,jo; m) Njd;kio M) Fapy; ,) njd;wy;

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 11

46. Gul;rpf; ftpQu; vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;ltu; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) fk;gjhrd; 47. ghz;bad; gupirf; ifg;gw;w epidj;jtd; m) tPug;gd; M) Ntyd; ,) eupf;fz;zd; 48. ghujpjhrd; vOjpa Ehy;fSs; xd;W

m) Gjpa tpbay;fs; M) FwpQ;rpj;jpl;L ,) Njd;kio 49. rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; gupR ngw;w ghujpjhrdpd; Ehy; m) gprpuhe;ijahu; M) ghz;bad; gupR ,) mofpd; rpupg;G

50. ‘ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp’> ‘ftpuhl;rfd;‘ vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;gLgtu; m) fk;gu; M) xl;lf;$j;ju; ,) ,sq;Nfhtbfs;

51. ‘ jpt;tpa ftp ’ vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgtu; m) gps;isg;ngUkhs; ma;aq;fhu; M) xl;lf;$j;ju; ,) FkuFUguu; 52. jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; fyk;gfk; m) kJiuf; fyk;gfk; M) ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ,) fhrpf; fyk;gfk; 53. Gyd; -- vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tif m) fyk;gfk; M) gs;S ,) cyh 54. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpak; m) fyk;gfk; M) cyh ,) gs;S 55. gpuge;jk; --- vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czu;j;Jk; nghUs; m) eifr;RitEhy; M) ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ ,) mwpTiuEhy; 56. Kf;$lw;gs;Sf;Fupa ghtif m) rpe;Jg;gh M) Mrpupag;gh ,) tQ;rpg;gh 57. tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbatu; m) thd;kPfp M) tpahru; ,) fhspjhru; 58. me;jhjpf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtW ngau; m) rpNyil M) nrhw;nwhlu; epiy ,) gpuge;jk; 59. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngau; m) JiuuhR M) vj;jpuhrd; ,) Rg;Guj;jpdk;

60 ‘tho;tpdpy; nrk;ikiar; nra;gts; ePNa ’ vd;w ghliyj; jkpo; tho;j;jhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s muR m) jkpo;ehL muR M) GJit muR ,) gpnuQ;R muR 61. ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if m) 5 M) 7 ,) 9 62. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;Lf;F cioj;jy; vd;W ghbatu; m) ghujpjhrd; M) thzpjhrd; ,) ghujpahu; 63. 20Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ltu; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) fk;gjhrd; 64. nre;jkpior; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz tpUk;gpatu; m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) fk;gjhrd; 65 gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj;jiytuhy; nrthypau; tpUjpidg; ngw;wtu; m) ghujpjhrd; M) thzpjhrd; ,) Kbaurd; 66. ftpQNuW> ghtyu; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wtu; m) ftpQu; Rujh M) thzpjhrd; ,) Kbaurd; 67. jkpofj;jpd; Ntu;l;];nthu;j; m) thzpjhrd; M) Kbaurd; ,) ghujpjhrd;; 68. Rujhtpd; Ehy;fSs; jkpo; tsu;r;rpj;Jiwapd; guprpidg; ngw;w Ehy; m) Njd;kio M) JiwKfk; ,) RtUk; Rz;zhk;Gk; 69. ctikf;ftpQu; m) ghujp M) Rujh ,) fz;zjhrd; 70. fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gu; m) fk;gu; M) tPukhKdptu; ,) vr;.V.fpU~;zg;gps;is

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 12

71. ;rpd;dr; rPwh’ vd;w Ehiy vOjpatu; m) ckWg;Gytu; M) Fzq;Fb k];jhd; ,) gD mfkJ kiuf;fhau; 72. Re;juu; Njthuk; m) Kjyhe;jpUKiw M) Vohe;jpUKiw ,) gd;dpuz;lhe;jpUKiw 73. jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu vOjpatu; m) mbahu;f;F ey;yhu; M) mUk;gj ciufhuu; ,) ngupa thr;rhd; gps;is 74. jkpof muR toq;Fk; ghNte;ju; epidTg;guprpid Kjypy; ngw;w ftpQu; m) thzpjhrd; M) fz;zjhrd; ,) Rujh 75. jQ;ir jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jkpod;id tpUJ ngw;w ftpQu; m) mg;Jy; uFkhd; M) Nkhfduq;fd; ,) jhuhghujp 76. jk;gpuhd; Njhou; vd;W miof;fg;gl;ltu; m) jpUehTf;furu; M) Re;juu; ,) jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; 77. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; vd;w Ehiy vOjpatu; m) tPukhKdptu; M) vr;.V.fpU~;zg;gps;is ,) [p.A+.Nghg; 78. ckWg;Gytiu Mjhpj;j ts;sy;

m) rilag;g ts;sy; M) ts;sy; rPjf;fhjp ,) gD mfkJ kiuf;fhau; 79. ckWg;Gytupd; kw;nwhU Ehy; m) KJnkhop khiy M) Nghw;wpj; jpUmfty; ,) my;yh mUs;Ntl;ly; 80. fpwpj;jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vdg; Nghw;wg;ngWk; Ehy; m) ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; M) Njk;ghtzp ,) jpUf;fhtY}u;f; fyk;gfk; 81. rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffs; (m) 96 (M) 108 (,) 69 82. tlnkhopapy; ,uhkhazj;ij ,aw;wpath;. (m) tpahrh; (M) ef;fPuh; (,) thd;kPfp 83 jpUf;Fwspy; nghUl;ghypd; mjpfhuq;fs;. (m) 38 (M) 25 (,) 70 84. kUfp vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs;. (m) kfs; (M) kUkfs; (,) jq;;if

jpiz> Jiwfs; tpsf;fk;

1. nghJtpay; jpizia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

nghJtpay; jpiz : ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; Kba cs;s jpizfspy; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisAk;>

mtw;wpw;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ.

v.fh. ‘gy;rhd;wPNu> gy;rhd;wPNu’ vd;Dk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; tpsf;fk;:

‘gpwUf;F ey;yJ nra;ahtpl;lhYk;> jPik nra;ahky; ,Ug;gNj rpwe;j tho;f;if ‘ vd;w nghJthd fUj;ij tpsf;Ftjhy; ,g;ghly; nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 13

2. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiwia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiw:

KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;w rhd;Nwhu;fSk;> kf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd cWjp jUk; epiyahd fUj;Jfis vLj;Jf; $WtJ.

v.fh. gy;rhd;wPNu ……… vdj; njhlq;Fk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;

“ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPuhapDk;

my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;”

tpsf;fk;: gpwUf;F ey;;yJ nra;ahtpl;lhYk;> jPik nra;ahky; ,Ug;gNj rpwe;j

tho;f;if vd;w cWjpahd fUj;ijf; $Wtjhy; ,g;ghly; nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; JiwahFk;.

mzpfs;

1. mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk;epyk; Nghyj; jk;ik ,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy . ctik mzp mzp tpsf;fk;;: nra;Aspy; ctik>ctNkak>; ctkcUG ntspg;gilaha; epw;Fkhdhy; m/J ctik mzp MFk; . ctik – mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk; ctk cUG – Nghy ctNkak; - jk;ik ,fo;thiug; nghWg;gth; nghUj;jk;: Njhz;Lfpd;wtiuAk; jhq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; epyj;ijg;Nghyj; jk;ik ,fo;thiug; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;sy; jiy rpwe;j gz;ghFk;.

2. ,d;ikA spd;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs;

td;ik klthh;g; nghiw - vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikmzp mzp tpsf;fk;;: ctik xU njhluhfTk;> ctNkak; xU njhluhfTk; mika ,ilapy; Nghy> Nghd;w cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikmzp MFk;. ctik - ,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;J xuhy; ctNkak; - td;ikAs; td;ik klthh;g; nghiw ,ilapy; Nghy vd;w ctkcUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJ. nghUj;jk;: xUtDf;F tWikahdJ jd;dplk; tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrupf;f ,ayhJ NghFk; epiy(mJ Nghy)typikAs; rpwe;j typik mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; jtWfisg; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;tNj MFk;.

3. cjtp tiuj;jd; Wjtp cjtp

nrag;glhh; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp mzp tpsf;fk; : nra;Aspy; ,lk; ngWk; xU nrhy; mNj nghUspy; gyKiw gapd;W tUjy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vdg;gLk;. mzp nghUj;jk; : ,g;ghlypy; cjtp vd;Dk; nrhy; ed;ik nra;jy; vd;Dk; nghUspy; %d;WKiw te;Js;sJ. nra;Ak; cjtp vt;tpj msit cilaJk; ,y;iy. me;j cjtpahdJ cjtp nra;ag;gl;ltupd; jFjpiaNa msthff; nfhz;lJ. vdNt nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vd;gJ ,f;FwSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhapw;W

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 14

1. fk;gH ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlHfisf; $Wf.

ftprf;futHj;jp> fy;tpapy; nghpatd; fk;gd;> fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghL;k;> tpUj;jnkd;Dk; xz;ghtpy; cah; fk;gd; ,it fk;gupd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlu;fs; MFk;.

2. fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit? ruRtjp me;jhjp> rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiy vOgJ> jpUf;if tof;fk;. 3. ehNlhWk;; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?

,e;jpa ehL vd;Dila jha;ehL vd;W ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

4. vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fs; ahit? ew;wpiz>FWe;njhif>Iq;FWEhW>mfehDhW>fypj;njhif>gjpw;Wg;gj;J>gupghly;> GwehD}W.

5. GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?

KbAil %Nte;ju;fs;>rpw;wuru;fs;>mikr;ru;fs;>Nridj; jiytu;fs;> giltPuu;fs;> filNaO ts;sy;fs;>filr;rq;f Gytu;fs;>gyUila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs;;> mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;ifKiw>ehfuPfk;>murpay;>Nghu;j;jpwk;>rKjhag; gz;ghL> gof;f tof;fq;fs; Kjypatw;iwg; GwehD}w;why; ed;F mwpayhk;.

6. mfehDhW vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ? mit ahit? mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf cs;sJ. mitahtd> fspw;wpahid epiu - 120 ghly;fs; kzpkpilg;gtsk; - 180 ghly;fs; epj;jpyf;Nfhit – 100 ghly;fs;

7. rpyk;G $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?

murpay; gpioj;Njhu;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cau;e;Njhu; Vj;Jtu;. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk;.

8. Njk;ghtzp-nghUs; $Wf.

Njk;gh ñ mzp vdg; gphpj;jhy; thlhj khiy vd;Wk;> Njd; ñ gh ñmzp vdg; gphpj;jhy; Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs;gLk;.

09. cyh vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?

cyh vd;gjw;Fg; gtdptuy; vd;gJ nghUs;. jiytd; tPjpapy; cyh tu VOtif gUtg; ngz;fSk; mtd; kPJ fhjy; nfhs;tjhfg; Gide;J ghLtJ cyhthFk;

10. me;jhjp-tpsf;Ff?

Xt;nthU ghlypy; cs;s ,WjpnaOj;Njh mirNah> rPNuh> mbNah mjw;fLj;J tUk; ghlyp;d; Kjyha; tUk;gb mikj;Jg;ghLtJ me;jhjp vdg;gLk;.

11. fyk;gfk; - ngah;f;fhuzk; jUf?

fyk;gfk; ® fyk; ñ gfk; vdg; gphpf;fyhk;. fyk; - gd;dpuz;L;;;;;;;;;;; ;; gfk; - ghjp MW; Mf 18 cWg;Gfs; mikag; ghlg;gLtjhy; fyk;gfk; vdg;ngah; ngw;wJ.

12. Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?

jz;nghUie > rpw;whW> Nfhjz;luhk MW.

,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 15

13. Jd;gk; vt;thW rpjwpg;NghFk;? je;ij ngupahh; Nghy mstha;> jFjpf;Nfw;g xt;nthU ehSk; nryT nra;J tho;e;jhy;> ghwhq;fy; kPJ tpOe;j kioePh; clNd rpjwptpLtJ Nghyj; Jd;gk; gwe;NjhLk;. 14. Njthu %th; ahth;?

mg;gh;> rk;ge;jh;> Re;juh; 15. Re;juh; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?

rptd;> Re;juiuj; jk; Njhouha;f; nfhz;likahy; mth; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd miof;fggl;lhh;.

16. vr;.V fpU~;zg;gps;is ,aw;wpa NtW Ehy;fs; ahit?

,ul;rzpa kNdhfuk;> ,ul;rzpaf;Fws;> ,ul;rzpa rkaeph;zak;> Nghw;wpj; jpUtfty; Mfpad.

17. ghNte;jh; E}y;fSs; ehd;fpd; ngah; jUf.

FLk;g tpsf;F> ,Uz;l tPL> ghz;bad; ghpR> mofpd; rphpg;G> gprpuhe;ijahh; ehlfk;.

18. tPukhKdpth; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>? nre;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;> nfhLe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;> rJufuhjp> gukhh;j;j FU fij>

Ntjpah; xOf;fk;> fpj;Njhpak;khs; mk;khid> jpUf;fhtYhh;f; fyk;gfk;.

ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

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2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 16

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å¼õ¡ Ü…ê«õ‡®ò ðNð£õƒèÀ‚° Ü…ê£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶

ÜPò£¬ñò£°‹. Ü…ê «õ‡®ò ðNð£õƒèÀ‚° Ü…C õ£›õ¶

ÜP¾¬ìò£˜ ªêòô£°‹.

7) M¬ùˆF†ðˆF¡ CøŠ¹‹, Üç¶¬ìò£˜ âŒ¶‹ ðòÂ‹ °Pˆ¶ â¿¶è.

ªð¼¬ñ‚°Kò Ü¬ñ„êK¡ ñùõL¬ñ ÜšõóêÂ‚°„ CøŠ¬ð

à‡ì£‚°õî£™ Üšõ¬ñ„ê¡ ò£õó£½‹ ñF‚èŠð´õ£¡.

å¼ ªêò¬ô„ ªêŒ¶ º®ˆ¶ M´«õ¡ â¡Á G¬ùŠðõ˜èœ

ñùõL¬ñ ªè£‡ìõ˜ès; Mth;. 8. ,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld ahit>?

tpy; - ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ> ngUq;;fliy tw;wr; nra;jJ.

ths; - Nrho ehl;bw;Ff; fhtphp nry;y kiyia ntl;b top mikj;jJ. thdj;jpy; mire;j efuj;ij mopj;jJ.

KuR – Nruid ntd;W ngw;w flg;gkuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. fhtphpf;F mizfl;l giftiu kz; Rkf;fr; nra;jJ.

nfhb – NkUkiyia tyk; te;jJ. ,e;jpuidg; Gypahff; nfhz;lJ.

Fil – kf;fisf; fhg;gjw;F mz;l $lj;ij xj;J epd;wJ. 9. njd; fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.

njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; (1) njd;fiu ehl;by; ntapy; fhAk; - Mdhy; kf;fspd; tapW fhahJ (2) japh; kl;LNk fyq;;Fk;. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; kdk; fyq;fhh;. (3) ehopifAk; thuKNk khAk;. kf;fs; grpahy; khahh; (4) nts;sk; kl;LNk kWfp XLk;. Mdhy; kf;fs; kWfp thlhh;. (5) Kw;wpa nre;ney; jiyrhAk;. Mdhy; kf;fs; vjw;fhfTk; jiy Fdpa

khl;lhh;. (6) Kdpth; kl;LNk jdpj;J ,Ug;gh;>fztd; kidtpahf tho;gth; jdpj;J

,Uf;f khl;lhh;. (7) re;jdk; kl;LNk NjAk; > mq;F cs;s ngz;fs; JhJ ciuj;J Nja;tJ

,y;iy. 10. ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd

ahit? khiy Neuj;jpy; thdj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; gpiwr; re;jpuidj; jiyapy; R+ba rptngUkhDk;>gpuk;kDk;>,e;jpuDk;>Ntjk; Kjypa E}y;fisg; Nghw;Wk; Kdpth;fSk;> Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhbj;Njth;fSk;> jk; cs;sj;jpy; epWj;jp fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; tzq;Fk; kiyNa ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;.

11. jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j J}J nkhopfs; ahit? jpUkhiyg; Nghd;W fhpa epwk; cila> NkYk; re;jd kuq;fs; epiwe;j

nghjpif kiyr;rhuypy; jq;;fpAs;s Nkfq;fNs! khiy Neu gpiwr;re;jpuDk;> ,iu NjLfpd;w Fapypd; FQ;Rk; vd; capiu thapypl;Lg; Grpf;fpd;wd.

mjdhy; Nkfq;fNs ,r;nra;jpiaf; fapyha kiyapYk;> NkU kiyapYk;>

nghjpif kiyapYk; vOe;jUsp cs;stDk; jlhjifg; gpuhl;bapd; fztUkhfpa kJiur; nrhf;fehjg; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W nrhy;tPh;fshf.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 18

12. Rtbr; rhiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba E}y;fs; ahit?

(1) gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; ,Ug;gJ Nghyj; jkpo;nkhopapy; Rtbr;rhiyfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

(2) jkpo; nkhop E}y;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (3) nkhop ngah;g;G E}y;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (4) mKjk; Nghd;w ftpij E}y;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (5) ey;y fUj;Jila ciueil E}y;fSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (6) ,tw;iwr; Rtbr;rhiyapy; JiwJiwaha; gphpj;jLf;fp itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

13. C‚èùˆî£™ õ¼‹ ðò¡èœ ò£¬õ?

1) ï£‹ «ð«ó£´‹, ¹è«ö£´‹ õ£›õîŸ° ï‹Iìºœ÷ «ðóP«õ

¶¬í ªêŒ»‹. Ü¶«ð£™ ï£‹ Y«ó£´‹, CøŠ«ð£´‹ õ£ö C‚èù«ñ

¶¬í¹K»‹. 2) Þ¼‚°‹ ðíˆ¬îªò™ô£‹ ðè†ì£è õ£›‰¶ ªêô¾

ªêŒî£™ ï‹ õ£›¾ có£M¬òŠ «ð£¡Á å¡Á‚°‹ àîõ£ñ™ «ð£ŒM´‹.

3) C‚èùˆ«î£´ Ã®ò õ£›‚¬è cÏŸ¬øŠ «ð£¡Á ðò¡ î¼õî£°‹.

4) C‚èùˆ¬î‚ è¬ìŠH®‚è£ñ™ ðè†ì£è õ£›‰îõ˜èœ ÞÁFJ™

õÁ¬ñ»ŸÁ ¶¡ðŠð´õ˜. 5) Ýì‹ðóñ£ù õ£›‚¬è èí«ïóˆF™

ñ¬ø»‹ có£M¬òŠ «ð£¡ø¶. C‚èùˆ«î£´ Ã®ò õ£›‚¬è

«ñ¡«ñ½‹ ªð¼°‹ cÏŸ¬øŠ «ð£¡ø¶.

14. FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk; ahit? FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ:-

jpUNtq;;fl kiyapy; cs;s Ridapy; kPdha;g; gpwf;f Ntz;Lfpwhh;. Ntz;lhjJ:- Fiwahj nry;tj;NjhL tpz;Zyfj;ijAk;> kz;Zyfj;ijAk; MSk; gjtpia Ntz;lhk; vd;fpwhh;.

neLtpdh - jpUf;Fws;

1) ‘ªêŒ‰ï¡PòPî™’ â¡Â‹ ÜFè£óˆF™ õœÀõ˜ ÃÁ‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ˆ

ªî£°ˆ¶‚ ÃÁè.

ªêŒ‰ï¡P‚° Ü÷¾ Þ™¬ô:&

ï£‹ â‰î àîM»‹ ªêŒò£ñ™ Þ¼‚è, Hø˜ ïñ‚°„ ªêŒ»‹ àîM‚°

ñ‡µô¬è»‹, M‡µô¬è»‹ ªè£´ˆî£½‹ ßì£è£¶. è£ôñP‰¶

x¼õ˜ ªêŒî àîM Iè„ CPî£è Þ¼‰î£½‹ Ü¶ Þ‰Gô¾ô¬èMìŠ

ªðKòî£°‹. ï‹Iì‹ â‰îŠ ðò¬ù»‹ âF˜ð£ó£ñ™ å¼õ˜ ªêŒî

àîMJ¡ î¡¬ñ¬ò Ýó£Œ‰¶ ð£˜ˆî£™ Þ¶ èì¬ôMìŠ ªðKòî£°‹.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 19

ªêò‰ï¡P¬ò ãŸÁ‚ªè£œ«õ£˜ Fø‹:&

F¬ù Ü÷¾ å¼õ˜ àîM ªêŒî£½‹, Üš¾îMJ¡ î¡¬ñ¬ò

àí˜‰îõ˜èœ Ü¬îŠ ð¬ùò÷õ£è ãŸÁ‚ªè£œõ˜. å¼õ˜ ªêŒ»‹

àîMJ¡ Ü÷¾ â¡ð¶ Üî¡ ñFŠ¬ðŠ ªð£Áˆî¶ Ü¡Á. Üš¾îM¬òŠ

ªðŸøõ¼¬ìò î°F âšõ÷Mù«î£ Üšõ÷¬õŠ ªð£Áˆî£°‹.

ï¡P ªêŒî£ó¶ ï†¬ð Mìô£è£¶:&

°ŸøñŸø ï™ôõ˜èO¡ ï†¬ð ñø‰¶M´î™ Ãì£¶. ¶¡ðˆF™

àîMòõ˜èO¡ ï†¬ð‚ ¬èM´î™ Ãì£¶. Ýðˆ¶‚ è£ôˆF™

àîMòõ˜èO¡ ï†¬ð ã«ö¿ HøMèO½‹ ñøˆî™ Ãì£¶.

ñø‚è «õ‡®ò¶‹, ñø‚è‚ Ãì£î¶‹:&

å¼õ˜ ªêŒî àîM¬ò ñø‰¶ M´î™ ï¡ø£è£¶. Ýù£™ å¼õ˜

ªêŒî b¬ñ¬ò Ü¡«ø ñø‰¶M´î™ ï¡ø£°‹.

ï¡ø™ô¬î Ü¡«ø ñø‚°‹ Fø‹:&

èí‚Aôìƒè£ bƒ°è¬÷ x¼õ˜ ïñ‚°„ ªêŒî£½‹, Üõ˜

â¡«ø£ ªêŒî x¼ ï¡¬ñ¬ò‚ èí‚A™ªè£‡´ Üõ˜ ªêŒî

bƒ¬è ñø‰¶, ñ¡Qˆ¶ M´î™ ï¡ø£°‹.

ªêŒ‰ï¡P ñø‰î£K¡ G¬ô:&

â‰îŠ ð£õƒè¬÷ ï£‹ ªêŒî£½‹ ÜFL¼‰¶ cƒ°õîŸ° õN»‡´.

Ýù£™ å¼õ˜ ªêŒî àîM¬ò ñø‰î£™ ÜŠð£õˆFL¼‰¶ cƒ°õîŸ°

õN«òJ™¬ô.

2) ‘ªð£¬ø»¬ì¬ñ’ â¡Â‹ ÜFè£óˆF™ õœÀõ˜ ÃÁ‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ˆ

ªî£°ˆ¶ â¿¶è.

G+kpNghy; jhq;F:

ÌIò£ù¶ î‹¬ñˆ «î£‡´ðõ¬ó»‹, ªð£Á¬ñ«ò£´ î£ƒA‚

ªè£œÀ‹. Ü¶«ð£ô ï‹¬ñ Þè›‰¶ «ð²«õ£¬ó ï£‹ î£ƒA‚

ªè£œÀî™ «õ‡´‹. x¼õ˜ ªêŒî bƒ¬èŠ ªð£Áˆ¶‚ ªè£œÀî™ ï¡Á.

Üˆbƒ¬è ñø‰¶M´î™ Ü¬îMì ï¡Á.

nghWikNa typik:-

õÁ¬ñ‚ªè™ô£‹ õÁ¬ñ M¼‰Fù˜è¬÷ àðêK‚è£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶.

Ü¶«ð£ô õL¬ñ‚ªè™ô£‹ õL¬ñ ÜPõŸøõ˜èO¡ bòªê£Ÿè¬÷Š

ªð£Áˆ¶‚ ªè£œÀîô£°‹. G¬øŠð‡¹ (ê£™¹¬ì¬ñ) ï‹¬ñ M†´

cƒè£ñ™ Þ¼‚è «õ‡´ªñ¡ø£™ ªð£Á¬ñ â¡Â‹ °íˆ¬î ï£‹ «ð£ŸPŠ

ð£¶è£‚è «õ‡´‹.

nghWj;jtUf;Ff; fpilg;git:

Hø˜ ªêŒî bƒ¬èŠ ªð£Áˆ¶‚ ªè£œ÷£ñ™ î‡®ˆîõ˜èÀ‚°

x¼ï£œ ñ†´«ñ Þ¡ð‹. ªð£Áˆ¶‚ ªè£œðõ˜èÀ‚° Üõ˜èœ

õ£›‚¬è º¿õ¶‹ Þ¡ð‹ A¬ì‚°‹. Hø˜ ªêŒî bƒ¬èŠ ªð£Áˆ¶‚

ªè£œ÷£ñ™ î‡®Šðõ˜è¬÷ àôèˆî£˜ x¼ ªð£¼†ì£è ñF‚è ñ£†ì£˜èœ.

Ýù£™ ªð£Áˆ¶‚ ªè£œðõ˜è¬÷Š ªð£¡«ð£™ ¬õˆ¶Š «ð£ŸÁõ˜.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 20

nghWikahy; ntw;wp:-

ªêŒòˆîè£î ªè£®ò ªêò™è¬÷ å¼õ˜ ïñ‚°„ ªêŒî£½‹ ÜîŸè£è

ñù‹ õ¼‰îô£‹. Ýù£™ ÜøˆFŸ° ñ£ø£ù ªêò™è¬÷ ï£‹ ªêŒò£ñ™

Þ¼Šð¶ ï¡ø£°‹. Ü÷¾ èì‰î ¶¡ðˆ¬î x¼õ˜ ïñ‚°„ ªêŒî£½‹

Üõ¬ó ï£‹ ªð£Á¬ñ â¡Â‹ °íˆî£™ ªõŸP ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹.

nghWg;gtNu cah;e;jth;:-

bòõ˜ ïñ‚°„ ªêŒ»‹ bƒAù£™ «ï¼‹ ¶¡ðˆFŸ° õ¼‰F,

ï£º‹ Üõ˜‚°ˆ bƒ° ªêŒò£¶ ªð£Áˆ¶‚ ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹.

Üšõ£Á ªð£ÁŠ«ð£˜ ¶øMJÂ‹ ÉŒ¬ñ»¬ìòõ˜ Ýõ£˜.

àí¾Š ðC¬ò Üì‚Aõ£¿‹ ªðK«ò£¬óMì Hø˜ÃÁ‹ Þ¡ù£„

ªê£™¬ôŠ ªð£ÁŠðõ˜ «ñ‹ð†ìõ˜.

3) ‘ÜP¾¬ì¬ñ’ â¡Â‹ ÜFè£óˆF™ õœÀõ˜ ÃÁ‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ˆ

ªî£°ˆ¶ â¿¶è.

mwpT vd;gJ……:-

ÜPõ£ù¶ Ýðˆ¶‚ è£ôˆF™ ï‹¬ñŠ ð£¶è£‚°‹ è¼Mò£°‹.

ð¬èõó£½‹ ÜN‚è º®ò£î «è£†¬ìò£è M÷ƒ°õ¶ ÜPõ£°‹.

ñù‹ bòõNJ™ ªê¡ø£™, Üšõ£Á ªê™ôMì£ñ™ î´ˆ¶,

ï™õNJ™ ªê½ˆ¶õ¶ ÜPõ£°‹. â‰îŠªð£¼¬÷ò£˜ ªê£™ô‚ «è†ì£½‹,

ÜŠªð£¼O™ àœ÷ à‡¬ñŠ ªð£¼¬÷ Ýó£Œ‰¶ ÜPõ¶ ÜPõ£°‹.

mwpthspapd; nray;:-

ÜKò è¼ˆ¶è¬÷Š Hø˜‚° âOî£èŠ ¹K»ñ£Á‹, M¼‹¹ñ£Á‹

ªê£™ô «õ‡´‹. Hø˜ õ£JL¼‰¶ õ¼‹ ªê£ŸèO™ ¸‡ªð£¼¬÷

Ýó£Œ‰¶ è£‡ð¶ ÜPõ£°‹. àôA½œ÷, ê£¡«ø£˜èOì‹ ðöA Üõ˜è¬÷

ï†ð£‚A‚ ªè£œÀî™ ÜP¾¬ì¬ñò£°‹. Ü‰î ï†¬ð MKò¾‹ Mì£ñ™,

²¼ƒè¾‹ Mì£ñ™ ð£˜ˆ¶‚ ªè£œõ¶ ÜPõ£°‹. àôA½œ÷ àò˜‰î

ê£¡«ø£˜èœ âšõNJ™ ªê™Aø£˜è«÷£ Ü«î õNJ™ ï£º‹ x¡P õ£›õ«î

ÜPõ£°‹.

mwpTilNahhpd; jdpr;rpwg;G:-

ÜP¾¬ìòõ˜èœ H¡ù£™ ïì‚èŠ «ð£õ¬î º¡Ã†®«ò ÜP‰¶

ªè£œõ˜. ÜPM™ô£îõ˜èœ Üšõ£Á ÜP»‹ FøI™ô£îõ˜èœ.

x¼õ¡ Ü…ê«õ‡®ò ðNð£õƒèÀ‚° Ü…ê£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶

ÜPò£¬ñò£°‹. Ü…ê «õ‡®ò ðNð£õƒèÀ‚° Ü…C õ£›õ¶

ÜP¾¬ìò£˜ ªêòô£°‹.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 21

mwpNt nry;tk;:-

âF˜è£ôˆF™ Gèö Þ¼Šð¬î º¡Ã†®«ò ÜP‰¶ªè£œÀ‹

ÜP¾¬ìòõ˜èÀ‚° Üõ˜èœ àì½‹, ñùº‹ ï´ƒ°‹ð®ò£ù

¶¡ð‹ õó£¶. ÜP¾¬ìòõ˜èœ¢ ÜP¾ â¡Â‹ ªê™õ‹ Þ¼Šðî£™ â™ô£„

ªê™õƒè¬÷»‹ à¬ìòõó£è«õ è¼îŠð´õ£˜. Ýù£™ ÜPMô£˜

âˆî¬èò ªê™õ‹ Þ¼‰î£½‹ ÜP¾„ ªê™õ‹ Þ™ô£îî£™ x¡Á‹

Þ™ô£îõó£è«õ è¼îŠð´õ£˜.

4) ‘M¬ùˆF†ð‹’ â¡Â‹ ÜFè£óˆF™ õœÀõ˜ ÃÁ‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ˆ

ªî£°ˆ¶ â¿¶è?

kdtypikapd; ,ay;G:-

ªêò™õL¬ñ â¡ð¶ å¼õK¡ ñùõL¬ñ¬òŠ ªð£Áˆî¶. ñŸø

õL¬ñèœ â™ô£‹ «õø£ù¬õ. ð¿¶ð´‹ M¬ù¬ò„ ªêŒò£F¼ˆî™,

x¼«õ¬÷ Ü„ªêòL™ ¶¡ð‹ õ‰î£™ ñù‹ î÷ó£ñ™ Þ¼ˆî™, ÞšMó‡´‹

ñùõL¬ñ ªè£‡ìõ˜èO¡ ªè£œ¬èò£°‹.

jpwikiar; nraypy; fhl;L:>-

â‰î x¼ ªêòô£è Þ¼‰î£½‹ º®M™ ªõOŠð´ñ£Á ªêŒõ«î

Ý‡¬ñò£°‹. Þ¬ìJ™ ªõOŠð´ñ£Á ªêŒî£™ Ü¶ ïñ‚°ˆ

bƒ¬èˆ î¼‹. x¼ ªêò¬ô„ ªêŒ¶M´«õ¡ â¡Á ÃÁõ¶ âOò

ªêòô£°‹. Ýù£™ Ü„ªêò¬ô‚ ÃPòð® ªêŒ¶ è£†´õ¶ ÜKò ªêòô£°‹.

tpidj;jpl;gk; jUtJ:-

ªð¼¬ñ‚°Kò Ü¬ñ„êK¡ ñùõL¬ñ ÜšõóêÂ‚°„ CøŠ¬ð

à‡ì£‚°õî£™ Üšõ¬ñ„ê¡ ò£õó£½‹ ñF‚èŠð´õ£¡.

x¼ ªêò¬ô„ ªêŒ¶ º®ˆ¶ M´«õ¡ â¡Á G¬ùŠðõ˜èœ

ñùõL¬ñ ªè£‡ìõ˜è÷£è Þ¼‰î£™, Üõ˜èœ ÃPò ªêò¬ô‚

ÃPòð®«ò º®ˆ¶M´õ˜.

cUtj;ijtp;;l nraNy rpwe;jJ:-

à¼œA¡ø ªðKò Üöè£ù «î¼‚°„ CPò ÜöèŸø Ü„ê£E

ðò¡ð´Aø¶. Ü¶«ð£ô x¼õK¡ à¼õˆ¬îŠ ð£˜ˆ¶ Þõ˜ Þ„ªêò¬ô„

ªêŒò Þòô£îõ˜ â¡Á âœO ï¬èò£´î™ Ãì£¶.

ñù‹ ªîO‰¶, ªêŒòˆ ¶E‰î ªêòL¬ù„ «ê£˜¾c‚A, è£ô‹

î£›ˆî£¶ Ü‰î„ ªêò¬ô M¬ó‰¶ º®ˆ¶M´î™ «õ‡´‹.

nray; ,y;iyah? GfOk; ,y;iy :-

x¼ ªêòL¡ ÞÁFJ™ Þ¡ð‹ A¬ì‚°ªñ¡ø£™ âšõ÷¾ ¶¡ð‹

õ‰î£½‹ ¶E¾ì¡ Ü„ªêò¬ô„ ªêŒ¶ º®ˆ¶ M´î™ «õ‡´‹.

àì™ õL¬ñ, ðíõL¬ñ, ð¬ì õL¬ñ Þ¼ŠHÂ‹ ñùõL¬ñ

Þ™ô£îõ¬ó Þš¾ôè‹ x¼ ªð£¼†ì£è ñF‚è£¶.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 22

nra;As; mb tpdh - tpilfs;

1. ’ahUkpy;iyj; jhNd fs;td ;

jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh”?

m. ,jpy; fs;td; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ltd; ahtd;?

M. ,J ahh; ahhplk; $wpa $w;W?

,. ,f;$w;wike;j nra;Aisg; ghbath; ahh;?

<. ,g;gFjp ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?

tpilfs; : m. jiytd; M. jiytp> jd; Njhopaplk;

,. fgpyh; <. FWe;njhif

2. ‘ neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt

Kbe;jd;W mk;k ehk; Kd;dpa tpidNa”

m. ,/J ahh; ahhplk; $wpa $w;W?

M. ‘tyt” vd;W Fwpf;fg;gLgtd; ahh;?

,. ,r;nra;Aisg; ghba Gyth; ahh;?

<. ‘Kbe;jd;W” vd;W ghlypy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ vJ?

tpilfs; : m. jiytd; Njh;g;ghfdplk; M. Njh;g;ghfd;

,. kJiu ks;sdhh; <. jiytd; vz;zpte;j nray;

3. ‘ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPh;MapDk;

my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;”

m. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ?

M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;?

,. Mw;wPuhapDk; vJ?

<. Xk;Gkpd; nghUs;$W.

tpilfs; : m. GwehD}W M. ehpnt&cj; jiyahh;

,. ey;ytw;iwr; nra;ahtpbDk; <. jtph;j;JtpLq;fs;

4. ‘jpq;fnshd;wpUg;gd; ,d;Nd ; jpUTsk; jPh;e;jgpd;id

kq;Fntd; capNuhnld;Wd; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;”

m. ,jidf; $wpath; ahh;?

M. ahhplk; $wpdhh;?

,. ,t;tb ,lk; ngw;w E}ypd; ngah; ahJ?

<. ‘kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;” - vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; ahh;?

tpilfs; : m. mDkd; M. ,uhkdplk;

,. fk;guhkhazk; <. rPij

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 23

5.’flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd”

m. ,jidf; $wpath; ahh;?

M. ahhplk; $wpdhh;?

,. flik Ghpe;jtd; ahh;?

<. ,t;tb ,lk; ngw;w E}ypd; ngah; ahJ?

tpilfs; : m. Mj;jhf;fpotp M. md;dj;jplk;

,. Ntyd; <. ghz;bad; ghpR

kdg;ghlg; gFjp

1.jpUf;Fws; 2 mjpfhuq;fs; - 40 mbfs; 2.gpwghly;fs; - 46 mbfs; ghtif mwpe;J> vOj;Jg;gpioapd;wp mbgpwohky; vOJf. . nghUj;Jf. 1. jpiz --- ghbNahu; tpil

m) FwpQ;rp --- 1) Xuk;Nghfpahu; m – 4 M) Ky;iy --- 2) mk;%tdhu; M – 5 ,) kUjk; --- 3) Xjyhe;ijahu; , – 1 <) nea;jy; --- 4) fgpyu; < – 2 --- 5) Ngadhu; 2. Ehy; --- Mrpupau; tpil

m)kzpNkfiy --- 1) fpU~;;zg;gps;is m – 3

M)Njthuk; --- 2) ckWg;Gytu; M – 4

,)rPwhg;Guhzk; --- 3) rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu; , – 2

<),ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk;-- 4) Re;juu; < – 1 --- 5) Fzq;Fb k];jhd;

3. Ehy; --- rkak; tpil

m) kzpNkfiy --- 1) rkzk; m – 4

M) ePyNfrp --- 2) fpwpj;jtk; M – 1

,) ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk;--- 3) ,Ryhk; , – 2

<) rPwhg;Guhzk; --- 4) ngsj;jk; < – 3 --- 5) itztk;

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 24

4. Ehy; --- Mrpupau; tpil

m) ,uhruhrNrhoDyh --- 1) gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; m – 4

M) jpUNtq;flj;je;jhjp -- 2) FkuFUguu; M – 1

,) kJiuf; fyk;gfk; --- 3) Mrpupau; ngau; mwpatpy;iy , – 2

<) Kf;$lw;gs;S --- 4) xl;lf;$j;ju; < – 3 5) fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu;

5. Gytu;fs; --- ,aw;wpa Ehy;fs; tpil

m) ,sq;Nfhtbfs; --- 1) kzpNkfiy m – 2

M) jpUj;jf;f Njtu; --- 2) rpyg;gjpfhuk; M – 3

,) ehjFj;jdhu; --- 3) rPtfrpe;jhkzp , – 5

<) rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu;---- 4) tisahgjp < – 1 --- 5) Fz;lyNfrp

gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;

khjphp 1. G+l;b ® G+l;L ñ ,

G+l;L – gFjp

, – tpidnar;r tpFjp 2. Njhd;wp ® Njhd;W ñ , 3. va;jp ® va;J ñ , 4. Ve;jp ® Ve;J ñ , 5. ,iwQ;rp ® ,iwQ;R ñ , 6. Nehf;fp ® Nehf;F ñ , 7. Koq;fp ® Koq;F ñ , 8. Nghw;wp ® Nghw;W ñ , khjphp 1. tho;f ® tho; ñ f

tho; - gFjp f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp 2.xopf ® xop ñ f 3.Xq;Ff ® Xq;F ñ f 4.cah;f ® cah; ñ f 5.nra;f ® nra; ñ f

khjphp 1. Xk;Gkpd; ® Xk;G ñ kpd;

Xk;G – gFjp

kpd; - Vty;gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 25

2. czh;kpd; ® czh; ñ kpd; khjphp

1. GfyPh; ® Gfy; ñ <h;

Gfy; – gFjp <h; ® Vty;gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp 2. fhzPh; ® fhz; ñ <h; khjphp

1. Fdpe;J ® Fdp ñ j;(e;) ñ j; ñ c

Fdp – gFjp

j; - re;jp (‘e;;;’ MdJ tpfhuk;) j; - .,we;j fhy ,ilepiy

c – tpidnar;r tpFjp 2.jpwe;J ® jpw ñ j;(e;) ñ j; ñ c 3.xope;J ® xop ñ j;(e;) ñ j; ñ c khjphp 1. mirj;j ® mir ñ j; ñ j; ñ m

mir – gFjp j; - re;jp j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m – nganur;r tpFjp.

2. Mh;j;j – Mh; ñ j; ñ j; ñ m

Þô‚èí‚ °PŠ¹

g‡¹ˆ ªî£¬è: ‘ik’ tpFjp kiwe;J tUtJ

Ã˜‹ð¬ì è¼ƒè£‚¬è î‡°¬ì è¼ºA™

ªï´‰«î˜ ªï´‰î¬è ð„Å¡ º¶ñó‹

ð²ƒè£™ ªð¼‰«î˜ ï™½¬ó ªõ…²ì˜

º„êƒè‹ º‚°¬ì bªïP

M¬ùˆ ªî£¬è: fhyk; kiwe;J tUtJ

F¼‰¶ªñ£N F¬óè¾œ ¹¬ùèô‹

å¿°c˜ ðì˜ºA™ Ü¬ôèì™ iƒ°c˜

àÁ°¬ø èOïì‹ ðì˜ºA™

MKïè˜ î£›HøŠ¹ ß˜õ¬÷ Ü¬ôèì™

àò˜â‡í‹ à¬ø«õƒèì‹ Üè™ºA™ G¬øñF

Ü´‚°ˆªî£ì˜: xNu nrhy; mLf;fp tUtJ

Fù‰Fù‹ Ü¬ø‰î¬ø‰¶ õ£Nòõ£Nò

²¬ñ²¬ñò£Œ ¶¬ø¶¬øò£Œ M‚AM‚A ¹¬ì¹¬ì

àK„ªê£™ ªî£ì˜: ngah;r;nrhy;iyr; rpwg;gpg;gJ

ñ£ïè˜ ñ™ô™ñ¶¬ó îì‰«î£œ è®ïè˜

¬õõ£œ ï£ñ«õ™ ¬õ«õ™ ñ£ñ¶¬ó

ñ£ñ¬ô

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 26

ªêŒ»O¬ê Ü÷ªð¬ì (Þ¬êG¬øò÷ªð¬ì): ðÇà‹

ªê£™L¬êò÷ªð¬ì: îjÞ, bªî£gÞ, ªêhÞò

Þ¡Q¬êò÷ªð¬ì: î£ƒ°Úà‹, õ÷˜‚°Úà‹

â‡µ‹¬ñ: ‘ck;’ ntspg;gilahf tUtJ ¬õòèº‹ õ£ùèº‹ õ£J½‹ ñ£O¬è»‹

ñô˜î½‹ Ã‹ð½‹ èƒ¬è»‹ C‰¶¾‹

î‰¬î‚°‹ î£Œ‚°‹ M‡E½‹ ñ‡E½‹

«ð«ó£´‹ ¹è«ö£´‹ ñ£ìº‹ Ýìóƒ°‹

à¼õè‹: ctik ctNkak; ,uz;ilAk; xd;whf;FtJ

è‡a˜ªõœ÷‹ ñFM÷‚° ðC‚èJÁ ¬è‹ñ¬ô

ªð£Ÿè¬ó îƒèˆFIƒèô‹ îƒèˆ«î£E

Mòƒ«è£œ M¬ùºŸÁ: õ£Nò, ªêŒè

âF˜ñ¬ø Mòƒ«è£œ M¬ùºŸÁ: ñøõŸè, ¶øõŸè

HKˆ¶Š ¹í˜„C MF î¼è

1) àJ¼‡´ = àJ˜ + à‡´

MF = ‘àì™«ñ™ àJ˜õ‰¶ å¡Áõ¶ Þò™«ð’ â¡Â‹ MFŠð®

(˜+à=¼) àJ¼‡´ â¡ø£ù¶

¥ ï£ªù¡Á = ï£¡ + â¡Á ( ¡ + â = ªù )

¥ Þ¼÷ÁˆF´‹ = Þ¼œ + ÜÁˆF´‹ ( œ + Ü =÷ )

¥ ðè½¬ø = ðè™ + à¬ø ( ™ + à = ½ )

¥ Üøù™ô = Üø¡ + Ü™ô ( ¡ +Ü = ù )

2) M÷‚«èŸP = M÷‚° + ãŸP

MF &1 = ‘àJ˜õK¡ à‚°øœ ªñŒM†´ å´‹‘. vd;wtpjpg;gb

tpsf;f; ñ Vw;wp â¡ø£ù¶

MF 2 = ‘àì™«ñ™ àJ˜õ‰¶ å¡Áõ¶ Þò™«ð’ ( ‚ + ã= «è )

M÷‚«èŸP â¡ø£ù¶

¥ õ‡®ù‹ = õ‡´ + Þù‹ (l;ñ c ® L ) ( † + Þ = ®)

¥ ñ£êŸø£˜ = ñ£² + ÜŸø£˜ ( „ + à = ² ) ( „ + Ü = ê )

¥ ï¡ø¡Á = ï¡Á + Ü¡Á ( Ÿ + à = Á ) ( Ÿ + Ü = ø )

¥ Cô‹ªð£¡Á = Cô‹¹ + å¡Á ( Š + à = ¹ ) ( Š + å = ªð£ )

¥ Ü¬ø‰î¬ø‰¶ = Ü¬ø‰¶ + Ü¬ø‰¶ ( ˆ + à = ¶ ) (ˆ+Ü =î)

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 27

3) º¶ñó‹ = º¶¬ñ + ñó‹

MF = ‘ßÁ«ð£î™’ â¡Â‹ MFŠð® ¬ñM°F ªè†´ º¶ñó‹

â¡ø£ù¶.

4) ªð¼ƒèOÁ = ªð¼¬ñ + èOÁ

MF&1 = ßÁ«ð£î™ â¡Â‹ MFŠð® ‘¬ñ’ M°F ªè†´

ªð¼+èOÁ â¡ø£ù¶.

MF&2 = ÞùIè™ â¡Â‹ MFŠð® ‘ƒ’ «î£¡P ªð¼ƒèOÁ

â¡ø£ù¶

¥ ªð¼‰«î˜ = ªð¼¬ñ + «î˜

¥ ªï´‰î¬è = ªï´¬ñ + î¬è

¥ ªð¼‰ªîŒõ‹ = ªð¼¬ñ + ªîŒõ‹

¥ ªê¿‹ªð£¡ = ªê¿¬ñ + ªð£¡

5) ñE‚è¿ˆ¶ = ñE + è¿ˆ¶

MF = Þò™HÂ‹, MFJÂ‹ G¡ø àJ˜ º¡ èêîð I°‹

â¡Â‹ MFŠð® ‘‚’ «î£¡P ñE‚è¿ˆ¶ â¡ø£ù¶

¥ b‚°„C = b + °„C

¥ M¬ùˆF†ð‹ = M¬ù + F†ð‹

¥ ñF‚°¬ì = ñF + °¬ì

¥ ðˆFQŠªð‡®˜ = ðˆFQ + ªð‡®˜

¥ õ¬÷ˆ«î£O = õ¬÷ + «î£O

¥ ñ¬ö‚è‡a˜ = ñ¬ö + è‡a˜

¥ ñE‚è¿ˆ¶ = ñE + è¿ˆ¶

6) Ìƒªè£®ò£÷¢ = Ì + ªè£®ò£œ

MF & “ÌŠªðò˜ º¡ Þùªñ¡¬ñ»‹ «î£¡Á‹” â¡Â‹ MFŠð®

‘q;’ «î£¡P Ìƒªè£®ò£÷¢ â¡ø£ù¶

¥ Ì…«ê£¬ô = Ì + «ê£¬ô

¥ G+q;nfhb ® = Ì + nfhb

Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf

1. fhyj;jpdhw; nra;j ed;wp rpwpnjdpDk;

Qhyj;jpd; khzg;nghpJ.

2. vOik vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth; jq;fz;

tpOke; Jilj;jth; el;G.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 28

3. xWj;jhiu nahd;whf itahNu itg;gh;

nghWj;jhiug; nghd;Nghy; nghjpe;J.

4. cz;zhJ Nehw;ghh; nghpah; gpwh;nrhy;Yk;

,d;dhr;nrh Ndhw;ghhpw; gpd;.

5. vg;nghUs; ahh; ahh;tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mg;nghUs;

nka;g;nghUs; fhz;g jwpT.

6. mQ;Rt jQ;rhik Ngijik mQ;rt

jQ;ry; mwpthh; njhopy;.

7. nrhy;Yjy; ahh;f;Fk; vspa mhpathk;

nrhy;ypa tz;zk; nray;.

8. Jd;gk; cwthpDk; nra;f Jzpthw;wp

,d;gk; gaf;Fk; tpid.

***********

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 29

Jizg;ghlk; 1. ghy; tz;zk; gps;is

-GJikg;gpj;jd; fij khe;jh;fs;

ghy; tz;zk; gps;is

gps;isapd; kidtp

ehd;F Foe;ijfs;

Nky tPl;L mz;zhr;rp

Rg;Gf; Nfhdhh;

º¡Â¬ó:& °´‹ðƒè¬÷ ¬ñòñ£è‚ ªè£‡´ Cø‰î CÁè¬îè¬÷

à¼õ£‚Aòõ˜ ¹¶¬ñŠHˆî¡ Ýõ£˜. ÞõK¡ Iè„Cø‰î è¬îò£ù “ð£™õ‡í‹

Hœ¬÷” è¬îJ¬ù Þƒ° è£‡«ð£‹.

è¬î‚ è¼:& “Ý‡” â¡ðîŸè£è Ýíõ‹ ªè£œ÷£«î.

ªñ‚R«è£ âƒ«è?:&

ð£™õ‡í‹ Hœ¬÷ èªô‚ì˜ ÝdR™ 35 Ïð£Œ ê‹ð÷ˆF™ °ñ£vî£õ£èŠ

ðEò£ŸPù£˜. å¼ ï£œ ð£™õ‡í‹ Hœ¬÷«ò£´ ðEò£ŸÁ‹ °ñ£vî£

ªñ‚R«è£ õìÜªñK‚è£M™ Þ¼Šðî£è‚ ÃPù£˜. ð£™õ‡í‹ Hœ¬÷«ò£

ªñ‚R«è£ ªî¡ÜªñK‚è£M™ Þ¼Šðî£è‚ ÃPù£˜.

î£¡ ªê£¡ù¶ êK«ò â¡ð¬î GÏH‚è i†®™ àœ÷ Ì«è£÷Š ¹ˆîèˆ¬îŠ

ð£˜‚è «õèñ£è i†®Ÿ° õ‰î£˜.

ñ¬ùM ÃPò Ý«ô£ê¬ù:&

ð£™õ‡í‹ Hœ¬÷‚° ï£¡° °ö‰¬îèœ. Üõ˜èO¡ ð£™ªêôMŸ°‚

Ã´îô£è ï£¡° Ïð£Œ ªêôõ£Aø¶. Þ‰î‚ Ã´î™ ªêô¬õŠ «ð£‚è

°ö‰¬îèÀ‚è£è å¼ ñ£´ õ£ƒA M†ì£™ â¡ù â¡Á ð£™õ‡íˆF¡ ñ¬ùM

â‡Eù£œ.

ñ£´ õ£ƒè «õ‡ì£‹:&

i†®Ÿ° õ‰¶ Ì«è£÷Š ¹ˆîèˆ¬îŠ ð£˜ˆî£˜ ð£™õ‡í‹. ÜF™ ªñ‚R«è£

õìÜªñK‚è£M™ Þ¼‰î¶. Üõ˜ ñùF™ «è£ð‹ õ‰î¶. Ü‰î «ïóˆF™

Hœ¬÷èÀ‚è£èŠ ð²ñ£´ õ£ƒ°‹ Ý«ô£ê¬ù¬ò ñ¬ùM ÃPù£œ. ÞîŸ°Š

ð£™õ‡í‹ “Þƒ«è te;jhy; å«ó Þó£ñ£òí‹” â¡Á «è£ðˆF™ ÃPò«î£´,

“ñ£´W´ õ£ƒè º®ò£¶” â¡ø£˜. î¡ Hœ¬÷èœ cˆî‡E¬ò‚ °®ˆ«î

õ÷˜‰¶M´‹ â¡ø£˜.

ð²¬õ»‹, è¡¬ø»‹ ñ¬ùM õ£ƒ°î™:& ñ¬ùM î¡ ifapy; mzpe;jpUe;j

Þó‡´ ªè†®‚ è£Š¹ õ¬÷ò™è¬÷ MŸÁ, Nky tPl;L Ü‡í£„C àîM«ò£´, å¼

ñJ¬ôŠ ð²¬õ»‹, è¡¬ø»‹ õ£ƒAù£œ. i†®Ÿ° õ‰î ð£™õ‡í‹Hœ¬÷ i†®™

ð²¾‹, è¡Á‹ Þ¼Šð¬îŠ ð£˜ˆ¶‚ «è£ð‹ Ü¬ì‰î£˜. Üõ˜ Ü¡PL¼‰¶ i†®™

è£ŠH»‹, «ñ£¼‹ ê£ŠH´õF™¬ô.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 30

ð£™õ‡íˆF¡ H®õ£î„ ªêò™:&

15 ï£†èÀ‚°Š Hø° å¼ï£œ Þó¾ 8 ñE‚°Š ð£™õ‡í‹Hœ¬÷ ñ£†¬ì

MŸðîŸè£è„ ²Š¹‚«è£ù£¬ó‚ Ã†® õ‰î£˜. khl;ilg; ghUk; 25 &gha;. ê£I ñ£´ 60

Ïð£Œ ªðÁ‹ â¡Á ²Š¹‚«è£ù£˜ ÃP»‹ “àù‚è£è 30 Ïð£Œ. ÞŠªð£¿«î

H®ˆ¶‚ ªè£‡´ «ð£è «õ‡´‹” â¡Á è†ì¬÷ Þ†ì£˜. 70 Ïð£Œ‚° thq;fpa

ñ£†®¬ù 30 Ïð£Œ‚°„ ²Š¹‚ «è£ù£Kì‹ MŸÁM†ì£˜. ð£™õ‡íˆF¡ Íˆî

ñè¡ “Ü‹ñ£ â¡ è‡µ‚°†®” â¡Á Ü¿î£¡. ‘²‹ñ£ ªèì êõ«ñ’ â¡Á

ð£™õ‡í‹Hœ¬÷ ÃPù£˜.

º®¾¬ó:&

Ýí£F‚èˆ«î£´ ªêò™ð´õî£™ °´‹ð‹ âšõ£Á ¶¡ðŠð´‹ â¡ð¬î

Þ‚è¬î àôAŸ°‚ ÃÁAø¶.

2. Ntyp -,uh[k; fpU~;zd;

fij khe;jh;fs;

Nfhkjp

Nfhkjpapd; kfd;> Foe;ijfs;

kUkfs; khyjp

Nfhkjpapd; ngz;fs;: gq;f[k;> nrz;gfk;

khyjpapd; mf;fh : Uf;kzp

Uf;kzpapd; fztd;: nry;yg;gd;

º¡Â¬ó:&

ªð‡èO¡ õ£›‚¬è„ C‚è™è¬÷ ikakhff; ªè£‡´ è¬îèœ â¿¶õF™

õ™ôõ˜ Þó£ü‹A¼wí¡ Ýõ£˜. Üõó¶ Cø‰î è¬îèÀœ x¡ø£Aò ‘«õL’

â¡Â‹ CÁè¬î ðŸP‚ è£‡«ð£‹.

è¬îf; è¼:& gzj;jpw;F NtypAk; ,y;iy Ks;Sk; Þ™¬ô

è™ò£íˆF™ ªî£ìƒAò¶:&

«è£ñFJ¡¢ Íˆî ñè¡ Ü½õôèˆF™ ðEò£ŸÁ‹ ‘ñ£ôF’ â¡Â‹ «õŸÁ„ ê£FŠ

ªð‡¬í‚ è£îLˆî£¡. ñ£ôF ï™ô Üö°; ÞQ¬ñò£èŠ «ð²ðõœ. è£îLˆî

Þõ˜èœ å¼ï£œ F¼ñí‹ º®ˆ¶‚ ªè£‡´, «è£ñF i†®Ÿ°„ ªê¡ø£˜èœ. Cô

ñ£îƒèÀ‚°Š Hø° ñ£ôFJ¡ èíõ¡ «õ¬ôJ¡ è£óíñ£è 6000 è™èÀ‚°

ÜŠð£™ àœ÷ ªõOï£†®Ÿ°Š ðEò£Ÿør; ªê¡Á M†ì£¡. ñ£ôF è¼¾ŸÁ

Þ¼‰î£œ.

«õL î£‡ì º®òM™¬ô:&

ñè¡ Ý¬êŠð†´ˆ F¼ñí‹ º®ˆî£¡ â¡ðîŸè£è ñ£ôF¬ò‚ «è£ñF

ñ¼ñè÷£è ãŸÁ‚ ªè£‡ì£œ. Ýù£™ ÜõÂ‚°Š H¡ù£™ àœ÷ Hœ¬÷èÀ‚° ï™ô

ÞìˆF™ F¼ñí‹ ªêŒò «õ‡ì£ñ£? «õL î£‡ì º®òM™¬ô â¡Á «è£ñF

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 31

ñù‹ õ¼‰Fù£œ. “ã«î£ àˆF«ò£èk; vd;fpw ê£‚A™ ªõO«ò «ð£è†´‹, õó†´‹,

Þ¼‚è†´‹Â” «è£ñF ñ¼ñè¬÷ ñùF™ ãŸÁ‚ ªè£‡ì£œ. Ýù£™ ñ£ôFJ¡

Ü‹ñ£, ÜŠð£¬õ ê‹ð‰F º¬ø ªè£‡´ àøõ£ì Üõœ M¼‹ðM™¬ô.

à‡¬ñ ÜP‰î ªê‡ðè‹:&

«è£ñFJ¡ ñèœ ªê‡ðè‹ ‘ñ£ôF Ü‡E ªî£†´ rikj;j àí¬õ Ü‹ñ£

à‡íñ£†ì£œ’ â¡Â‹ à‡¬ñ ÜP‰îõœ. Ü‡E îƒèÀ‚°„ êññ£ùõœ

Þ™¬ô â¡ð¶ «è£ñF Hœ¬÷èÀ‚°ˆ ªîK»‹.

C¬wg;gl;l AOò£è ñ£ôF:&

â†´ñE «ïó‹ Ü½õôèˆF™ Þò‰Fóñ£è ñ£ôF õ£›‰î£œ. Üõ¬÷ˆ

î£Œi†®Ÿ° «è£ñF ÜÂŠ¹õ«î Þ™¬ô. ñ£ôF‚°‚ «è£ñF º¿¬ñò£ù

Ýîó¾‹ ªè£´ŠðF™¬ô. Þ¬î G¬ùˆ¶ Üö‚Ãì º®ò£îõ÷£è ñ£ôF

õ£›‰î£œ.

õ¬÷è£Š¬ð ïìˆ¶ƒèœ:&

F¯ªó¡Á å¼ï£œ ñ£ôFJ¡ Ü‚è£œ ¼‚°ñE»‹, Üˆî£¡ ªê™ôŠðÂ‹

«è£ñF i†®Ÿ° õ‰î£˜èœ. Üõ˜è¬÷‚ è‡ì¶‹ õ‰î ªõÁŠ¬ð «è£ñF M¿ƒA

M†´, CKŠ¬ð ªõO‚ è£†®ù£œ. õ¬÷è£Š¬ð ïìˆ¶õîŸè£è Ü‹ñ£ àì¬ô

õ¼ˆF„ «ê˜ˆî Þó‡´ ËÁ Ïð£Œ «ï£†´è¬÷ Ü‹ñ£ î‰îî£è ¼‚ñE

«è£ñFJì‹ ªè£´ˆî£œ. «è£ñF Üî¬ù ñ®ˆ¶ Þ´ŠH™ ªê£¼A‚

ªè£‡ì£œ.

ªî£ì£î ñ£Iò£˜:&

å¼ ï£œ ñ£¬ô àì™ïô‹ Þ™ô£îõœ «ð£™ ñ£ôF ð´ˆF¼‰î£œ. î¡¬ù

ÜŠ«ð£î£õ¶ ªî£†´Š ð£˜Šð£˜è÷£? â¡ð¬î ÜPõîŸè£è Üšõ£Á Þ¼‰î£œ.

“àì‹¹‚° â¡ù?” â¡Á «è†´‚ ªè£‡´ õ‰î «è£ñF ªî£†´Š ð£˜‚èM™¬ô.

“ªê‹ðè‹ Þƒè õ‰¶ Ü‡E¬òˆ ªî£†´Šð£¼” â¡Á «è£ñF ªê£¡ù¶‹ ñ£ôF‚°‚

èrŠ¬ð ÜFèñ£‚Aò¶.

ê‹ð÷ˆ¬îˆ «î® õ‰î£œ:&

ñ£ôFJ¡ Ü‚è£¾‹, Üˆî£Â‹ õ‰¶ ªê¡øH¡ ñò‚è‹ õ¼õ¶ «ð£™

Þ¼‰îî£™, ñ£ôF ð´‚¬èJ™ ð´ˆF¼‰î£œ. Üƒ° õ‰î «è£ñF, àƒè

Ü‚è£¾‚°‹, Üˆî£Â‚°‹ è£ŠH‚è£è Þó‡´ èŠ¹‚°Š ð£™ â´ˆîî£™ ï£¬÷‚°

«ñ£¼‚°‚ ÃìŠ ð£™ Þ™¬ô â¡ø£œ. ê‹ð÷‹ «ð£ìM™¬ôò£? «îF ä‰î£A

M†ì«î? â¡Á «è£ñF ñ£ôFJì‹ «è†ì£œ. Üõœ ªð†®J™ Þ¼‚Aø¶

â¡ø¾ì¡, ï£«ù â´‚A«ø¡ â¡Á ªê£™L «è£ñF ñ£ôFJ¡ ªð†®¬òˆ Fø‰¶

«ê¬ôèÀ‚° Ü®J™ Þ¼‰î ð˜¬ú â´ˆ¶‚ ªè£‡ì£œ. Þ¬îŠ ð£˜ˆî ñ£ôF

‘ðíˆFŸ° å¡Á«ñ Þ™¬ô, «õL»‹ Þ™¬ô; ºœÀ‹ Þ™¬ô’ â¡Á ñùF™

â‡Eù£œ.

º®¾¬ó:&

ªð‡èœ «õ¬ô‚°„ ªê¡Á, ê‹ð£Fˆî£™ êºî£òˆF™ M®¾

õ¼‹ â¡Á G¬ùˆî ªð‡Eù‹ Þ¡Â‹ êºî£ò «õLèÀ‚°œ C‚A

Þ¼Šð¬î Þ‚è¬î àí˜ˆ¶Aø¶.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 32

3. kz; -ma;f;fz;

fij khe;jh;fs;

fUg;igah - ,uhkhap- jkpo;j;jk;gjp

#ug;gl;b kf;fs;

Nrth njhz;L epWtdh; - Nfhtpuh[;

rpd;dj;jha;

hpr;rh;L - yp]p- Mq;fpNyaj;jk;gjp

º¡Â¬ó:&

èî£CKò˜ ÜŒ‚è‡ ð‡ð£†´ àí˜¾è¬÷ ¬ñòñ£è ¬õˆ¶‚ è¬îèœ

â¿¶õF™ Cø‰îõ˜. Üõ˜ â¿Fò ¹è›ªðŸø è¬îèÀœ å¡ø£ù ñ‡’ CÁè¬îJ™

â¡ àœ÷‹ èõ˜‰î ‘,ó£ñ£J’ ðŸP Þ‚è†´¬óJ™ è£‡«ð£‹.

è¬î„²¼‚è‹:&

Þó£ñ£J -- ---è¼Š¬ðò£ jk;gjpapdh; Mõê£ò‚ ÃLè÷£è„ ÅóŠð†®J™ õ£›‰î£˜èœ.

ªð‡ °ö‰¬îè¬÷‚ ªè£™õ¬îŠ ð£õ‹ âù‚ è¼î£î, ð®ŠðP¾ Þ™ô£î Aó£ñ‹

Ü¶. Ü‚Aó£ñˆF™ ,ó£ñ£J Í¡ø£õ¶ ªð‡ °ö‰¬îò£è„ C¡ùˆî£¬òŠ

ªðŸø£œ. õÁ¬ñò£™ ÞƒAô£‰F™ õ£›‰î ªõœ¬÷‚è£ó˜è÷£ù K„ê˜´ -- yp]p

jk;gjpapdUf;Fr; C¡ùˆî£¬òˆ îˆ¶‚ ªè£´ˆî£œ. 21 Ý‡´èÀ‚°Š Hø°

C¡ùˆî£J î¡¬ùŠ ªðŸø ªðŸ«ø£¬óŠ ð£˜‚è ÅóŠð†®‚° õ‰î£œ. Þó£ñ£J

Üõ˜è¬÷ õó«õŸÁ, Üõ˜èÀ‚° M¼‰¶ ðKñ£Pù£œ. Þó£ñ£J °´‹ðˆF¡

õÁ¬ñ¬ò â‡Eò K„ê˜´ -- yp]p jk;gjpapdh; Þó‡´ Þô†ê‹ Ïð£¬ò‚ «è£Mó£x

%ykhff; ªè£´ˆîù˜. “âƒèO¡ °ö‰¬î„ ªê™õˆ¬î ï£ƒèœ î£ùñ£èˆî£¡

ªè£´ˆ«î£‹” â¡Á ªê£™L, ðíˆ¬î Þó£ñ£J °´‹ðˆFù˜ õ£ƒè ñÁˆîù˜.

K„ê˜´‹, yp]p»‹ Þ‰FòŠ ð‡ð£†¬ìŠ «ð£ŸPù˜.

ªð‡Hœ¬÷è¬÷ Ü¡¹ ªêŒðõœ:&

Þó£ñ£J %d;W ngz; °ö‰¬îè¬÷Š ªðŸøõœ. Ü‰î‚ Aó£ñˆF™ ªð‡ °ö‰¬î

Hø‰î i´ Þö¾ i´ «ð£ô Þ¼‚°‹. èœOŠð£™, è¼‚è£Œ, ªï™ â¡Á ãî£õ¶

ªè£´ˆ¶ˆ î£Œñ£˜è«÷ ªè£¡Á, ¹¬îˆ¶ M´õ£˜èœ. Üˆî¬èò Aó£ñˆF™

Í¡ø£õî£èŠ Hø‰î C¡ùˆî£J¬ò»‹ «ê˜ˆ¶ Í¡Á ªð‡Hœ¬÷è¬÷»‹ Þó£ñ£J

Ü¡¹ ªêŒî£œ. áó£KìI¼‰¶ Üõ˜è¬÷‚ è£Šð£ŸPù£œ. Þ¬õ â™ô£‹ Þó£ñ£J

ªð‡Hœ¬÷è¬÷ Iè¾‹ Ü¡¹ ªêŒðõœ â¡ð¬î‚ è£†´A¡øù.

à¬öŠ¹î£¡ ÜõO¡ ªîŒõ‹:&

ï£ŸÁŠð£¾î™, ïì¾, è¬÷â´Š¹, ÜÁõ¬ì â¡Á å¼ õ¼ìˆF™ Í¡Á

ñ£îƒèœî£¡ Þó£ñ£J‚° «õ÷£‡¬ñ «õ¬ô A¬ì‚°‹.ÜšõŠ«ð£¶ A¬ì‚°‹

ªñŒ‚è£†´ «õ¬ôè¬÷»‹ î¡èíõ¼ì¡ Aó£ñ‹, Aó£ññ£è„ ªê¡Á ð£˜ˆ¶

õ‰î£œ. Þ„ªêò™èœ Üõœ à¬öŠ¬ð«ò ªîŒõñ£èŠ «ð£ŸÁðõœ â¡ð¬î

àí˜ˆ¶A¡øù.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 33

á¬ó«ò âF˜‚èˆ ¶E‰îõœ:&

Þó£ñ£J‚° õÁ¬ñ è£óíñ£è„ C¡ùˆî£¬ò õ÷˜‚è º®òM™¬ô.

Üõœ âŠð®ò£õ¶ õ£ö«õ‡´‹ â¡Á Þó£ñ£J ¶®‚Aø£œ ÜîŸ° õ£ŒŠð£è

K„ê˜´ -- yp]p î‹ðFJù˜ °ö‰¬î¬òˆ îˆ¶‚ «è†°‹ «ð£¶ áó£˜ îˆ¶‚ªè£´‚è‚

Ãì£¶ â¡Aø£˜èœ. “¹¶Šðö‚èˆ¬î à‡ì£‚Aù£™ ªðKòõ˜èœ á¬óM†«ì

îœO ¬õˆ¶ M´õ£˜èœ” â¡Á á˜ñ‚èœ Ió†Áø£˜èœ. áó£¬ó«ò âF˜ˆ¶ˆî£¡

C¡ùˆî£J¬ò Þó£ñ£J «è£Mó£x Íôñ£èˆ îˆ¶‚ ªè£´‚Aø£œ. Þ¶ ªð‡

Hœ¬÷è¬÷‚ è£Šð£Ÿø á¬ó«ò âF˜‚°‹ Þó£ñ£JJ¡ ñùõL¬ñ¬ò â´ˆ¶‚

fhl;LfpwJ.

Þó£ñ£JJ¡ M¼‰¶‹, Ü¡¹‹:&

21 õ¼ìƒèÀ‚°Š Hø° Þó£ñ£J ªðŸø C¡ùˆî£J Üõ¬÷ˆ

îˆªî´ˆî ªðŸ«ø£¼ì¡ õ¼õî£™ î¡ õÁ¬ñ õ£›M½‹ Ü¡¬ø‚° ÜKC„«ê£Á,

°ö‹¹, è£ŒèPèœ, óê‹, ð£ò£ê‹ ¬õˆ¶ M¼‰¶ ðKñ£ÁAø£œ. î¡ ñèÀ‚°

Ü¡«ð£´ àí¾ á†® ñA›Aø£œ. Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹ Þó£ñ£JJ¡

M¼‰«î£‹ð™ ð‡¬ð â´ˆ¶‚ è£†Á¡øù.

ðò¬ù âF˜Šð£˜‚è£î Þó£ñ£J:&

Þó£ñ£J °´‹ðˆF¡ õÁ¬ñ¬òŠ «ð£‚è K„ê˜´& yp]p î‹ðFò˜

Þó‡´ Þô†ê‹ Ïð£Œ Ü¡ð£™ ªè£´ˆî¬î Þó£ñ£J ãŸè ñÁˆî£œ.

“âƒèOì‹ °ö‰¬î„ ªê™õ‹ Þ¼‰îî£™ î£ù‹ ªè£´ˆ«î£‹. M¬ô‚°‚

ªè£´‚èM™¬ô” â¡Á àKò è£óíº‹ ÃP, ñÁ‚Aø£œ. Þ„ªêò™ Üõœ ðò¬ù

âF˜ð£˜‚è£î ð‡¹¬ìòõœ â¡ð¬î‚ è£†Áø¶.

º®¾¬ó:&

Þˆî¬èò Cø‰î ð‡¹èœ Ü¬ùˆ¬î»‹ ÜP‰î H¡«ð “Ü‰î

ñ‡E™î£¡ F¼‚°øÀ‹, F¼õ£êèº‹, C¡ùˆî£»‹ Hø‚è º®»‹” â¡Á

K„ê˜´ ð£ó£†Áø£˜. ªõœ¬÷‚è£óˆî‹ðFèœ ð£ó£†´‹ Þó£ñ£JJ¡ ð‡¹èœ

Ü¬ùˆ¶‹ Þ‰FòŠ ð‡ð£†¬ì àôA™ àò˜ˆ¶A¡øù.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 34

,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly;

1. Kd;Diu (Mrphpah; Fwpg;G)

ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is.

2. Nkhid rPh;NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; Kjy; vOj;J

xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid MFk;.

3. vJif rPh;NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J

xd;wp tUtJ vJif MFk;.

4. Kuz;

rPh; NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; nrhy;Nyh mjd;

nghUNsh Kuz; gl (vÂ®¢nrhy;yha;) tUtJ

Kuz; MFk;.

5. ,iaG

rPh; NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; filrpapy;

epd;w vOj;Njh> nrhy;Nyh xd;wp tUtJ ,iaG

MFk;.

6. mzp

,ay;G etpw;rp mzp> cah;T etpw;rp mzp>

ctik mzp> nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp

Mfpatw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W ,lk; ngWk;.

7. Rit eak; ngUkpjr; Rit

8. jiyg;G ,uz;L > %d;W nrhw;fSf;Fs; vOJf

9. KbTiu

Kd;Diuf;fhd Mrphpah; Fwpg;Gfs;:

ghujpahh;: ghujpahh;; 1882Mk; Mz;L brk;gh;j;; jpq;fs; 11Mk; ehs; J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy;

cs;s vl;laGuj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; rpd;dr;rhkp Iah;> ,yf;Fkp mk;khs; Mth;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; Rg;gpukzpad;. ,sikapNyNa ftpghLk; Mw;wy; ngw;wjhy; ghujp vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngah; ngw;whh;. ,th; fz;zd; ghl;L>Fapy; ghl;L> ghQ;rhyp rgjk; vd;Dk; Kg;ngUk; ghly;fisg; ghbAs;shh;. 11-09-1921,y; ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

ghujpjhrd;

ghujpjhrdhh; 29-04-1891 ,y; GJitapy; gpwe;jhh;. ,th; ngw;Nwhh; fdfrig> ,yf;Fkp mk;khs;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk;. ghujpahh; kPJ nfhz;l md;G fhuzkhfj; jk; ngaiug; ghujpjhrd; vdg; Gide;Jnfhz;lhh;. ,th; FLk;g tpsf;F> ,Uz;l tPL> mofpd; rphpg;G> ghz;bad; ghpR> gprpuhe;ijahh; E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. 21-04-1964 md;W ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 35

ehkf;fy; ftpQh;

ehkf;fy; ftpQh; nt.,uhkypq;fdhh; ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; NkhfD}hpy; 19-10-1888 Mk; Mz;L ntq;fl;uhkd; vd;ghUf;Fk; mk;kzp mk;khSf;Fk; 8 MtJ kfdhfj; Njhd;wpdhh;. rpwe;j tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuUkhthh;. ,tiur; rpwg;gpf;Fk; nghUl;L> jkpof muR muritf; ftpQuhfTk;> rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhfTk; epakpj;jJ. eLtz; muR ,tUf;F>

‘gj;kG+~z;’ tpUJ mspj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ. ,th; ,aw;wpa E}y;fSs; rpy kiyf;fs;sd;> rq;nfhyp> mtDk; mtSk;. ,th; 24-08-1972 md;W ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is

ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Nj&hpy; rptjhZg;gps;is - Mjpyl;Rkp MfpNahUf;F 27-07-1876 ,y; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhh;;.,th; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; Mrpa N[hjp> kyUk; khiyAk;> kUkf;fs; top khd;kpak;> ckh;fa;ahk; ghly;fs;; KjypadthFk;. 24-08-1972 md;W ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

ciueil ngUtpdh

ghlk; : 1 cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop

1. nre;jkpo;ehL> nfhLe;jkpo;ehL vd;w gphpTfs; gw;wpg; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh; ciug;gd ahit? nre;jkpo; ehL:

1. re;jd kuq;fs; epiwe;j nghjpif kiyapy; ,Ue;J jkpo; tsh;j;j mfj;jpa KdptUk;>

2. nrse;ju ghz;bad; vd;Dk; jkpo; kd;dUk; 3. rq;fg; Gyth;fSk; jioj;J ,dpNj tho;e;j kq;fyj; jd;ik cila ghz;ba

tsehL jhd; nre;jkpo;ehL vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.

nfhLe;jkpo; ehL 1. njd;ghz;behL 2. Fl;l ehL 3. Fl ehL 4. fw;fhehL 5. NtzhL 6. G+opehL 7. gd;wp ehL 8. mUth ehL 9. mUth tljiy ehL 10. rPj ehL 11. kiyakhd; ehL

12. Gdy; ehLnre;jkpo; epyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j ,e;jg; gd;dpuz;L FWepyq;fSk; Fw;wkpy;yhf; nfhLe;jkpo; ehlhFk;. 2. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? Kw;fhyj;Jk; ,f;fhyj;Jk; tpsq;Fk; ,irj; jkpo; E}y; tiffs; ahit? ,irj;jkpo;:

1. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk; jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;. 2. nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk;> nfhLe;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,yf;fzq;fSkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 36

,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd

1. fPh;j;jidfs; 2. thpg;ghly;fs; 3. rpe;J 4. Mde;jf; fspg;G 5. Fk;kp 6. njk;khq;F Kw;fhyj;J ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs; 1. ngUehiu 2. ngUq;FUF 3. ,ir EZf;fk; 4. jhstif Nahj;J ,ilf;fhyj;J ,irj;jkpo; E}y; Njthuk; ,f;fhyj;J ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs;

1. fe;jGuhzf; fPh;j;jid 3. rq;fPj re;jphpif 2. nghpaGuhzf; fPh;j;jid

3. ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfshff; fl;Liuahrphpah; $Wtd ahit? ehlfj;jkpo;:

1. ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg;gbf;f Neuk; ,y;yhj gzpahsh;fSf;Fk;> gbf;fj; njhpahjth;fSf;Fk; ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj; jkpohFk;. 1. mJ Nfl;NghUf;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mjidf; fhz tpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;wdh;.

ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G: ,ay; jkpo;> ,irj; jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahf; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj;jkpo;. 1. ,aYk;> ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd 2. ehlfj; jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp ,d;gKk; jUfpwJ. 3. ,jdhy; jhd; gpw ehl;ltUk;> gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij Nkd;ik 4. cilajhf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.

4. jkpo; cah;nkhop> jdp nkhop vd ciuf;fg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? jkpo; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop:

1. tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fPhpf; Kjypa nkhopfisg;Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhopahFk;.

cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk;: 1. jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd> Nkd;ik cila nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;. 2. jkpo; nkhop njYq;F Kjypatw;wpw;F vy;yhk; jiyik rhd;wJ> mtw;wpDk; 3. kpf;f NkjfTk; cilaJ. vdNt jkpo; cah;nkhopNa MFk;.

jdp nkhop - tpsf;fk;: 1. jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa jdpnkhop MFk.; 2. jkpo;nkhopapd; cjtpia ePf;fpdhy; njYq;F Kjypa nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy; jkpo; nkhop gpwnkhopfspd; cjtpapd;wp jdpj;J ,aq;ff;$baJ. 3. ,/J ,e;jpa nkhop E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l cz;ik MFk;. MfNt jkpo;nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 37

5. nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? mt;tpyf;fzk; jkpo; nkhopapd;ghy; nghUe;jpapUg;gjid epWTf? 1. jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j ehfhPfKk; nghUe;jpa nkhopNa nrk;nkhop MFk;. ,t;tpyf;fzk; jkpo; nkhopapy; mike;jpUj;jy; Njw;wk;. 2. ,lh;gl;l nrhy; KbTfSk; nghUs; KbTfSk; ,y;yhky; nrhy;gtd; fUjpa nghUisf; Nfl;gtd; njsptha; czuty;yjha;g; gioad fope;Jk; Gjpad GFe;Jk; jpUj;jk; va;jp epw;wNy jpUe;jpa gz;ngdg;gLtjhFk;. ,J jkpo; nkhopapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. 3. xU ehl;bd; Kjph;r;rpf;F Vw;wthW nrhw;fSk; Njhd;wp nkhopfSk; ehfuPf eyk; tpisj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 4. nrhw;fs; Njhd;Wk; NghJ> gpw nkhopr;nrhw;fs; my;yhky; jd; nrhw;fNs kpFjy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,J jkpo; nkhopf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;.

ghlk; : 2 rkurk;

1. cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f $Wtd ahit? 1. rkurj;ijg; gw;wp vOe;j Ngr;RfSk; vOj;JfSk; kiynadTk;> flnydTk;

cs;sd. 2. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa mwpQh; gyUk; rkurj;ijNa mwpTWj;jpr;nrd;wdh;. Mdhy;>

cyfk; mjw;Fr; nrtp rha;f;ftpy;iy. 3. kdpjdplj;jpy; Fb nfhz;Ls;s mOf;fhW mth> ntFsp Kjypad kdpjid rkur

Qhdpahf;Ftjpy;iy. 4. rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk; vspJ Mdhy; mjid eilKiwf;Ff;

nfhz;L tUtJ mhpJ. 5. vdNt> kdpjd; rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtijf;fhl;bYk; mij eilKiwapy;

nfhz;Ltu KaYtNj mwpTilikahFk;.

2. ehL vDk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wpj; jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit? 1. xUtd; ehL vDk; gw;why; gpw ehLfisj; Jd;GWj;Jjy; $lhJ. 2. Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;L gpw ehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik

tha;e;jth;. 3. Mfha tpkhdq;fSk;> ePh; %o;fpf; fyq;fSk; er;Rf; fhw;WfSk; gpw ehLfisf; ifgw;Wtjw;Nf fz;ldh;. 4. jq;fs; ehl;ilNa flTshff; fUJk; ,th;fSf;Fg; gpw ehl;lthplKk; flTs;

,Uj;jy; GydhtJ ,y;iy. 5. kw;wth;f;Fk; grp Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy. 6. vy;yh ehl;lth;fSk; rNfhjuh;fs; vd;gij czuhj ,th;fs; ehL vDk; gw;why;

rkurj;ij ,of;fpwhh;fs;.

3. rhjpf; nfhLik> rkantwp Kjypad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; - ,f;fUj;ijj; jpU.tp.f. top epd;W Ma;f:

rhjpf; nfhLik 1. gpwg;ghy; cah;T> jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk; ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf rpwg;ghf cz;L. 2. vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ rhjpf; nfhLikNa. 3. gpwg;ghy; cah;T> jho;T fUJk; cs;sj;jpy; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ.

2015 - 2016 g.vz; : 38

rka ntwp 1. rka ntwp flTs; md;igf; nfLf;fpwJ. 2. xUtd; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf;nfhz;L kw;w rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. 3. rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw. mJNt rkurk; MFk;. 4. gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag; gw;Wk; rkurj;ij mopj;JtpLfpd;wd.

4. ek; ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f. tUe;jp ciug;gdtw;iw vOJ.

1. nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;iffisg;Gijj;J mth; cUtj;ij kl;Lk; te;jidAk;> topghLk; nra;Ak; ngha; xOf;fk; ek; ehl;by; ePz;l ehs; tof;fpypUf;fpwJ.

2. "rhj;jpuk; gy NgRk; rof;fh;fhs; Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh;”

vd;Wk;> “rhjp Fyk; gpwg;ngd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk;”> vd;Wk; mUspa nghpNahiu topgLk; kf;fs;> rhjpiaNa flTshfTk; rkakhfTk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

3. ,th;fs; rhjpia kWj;Jr; rkurj;jpy; jpisj;j nghpNahiu topgLtjpy; nghUs; ,y;iy.nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa newpepd;W xOFtNj cz;ikahd topghlhFk;.

ghlk; : 5 MTe;jkpoUk; 1.kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;Fk; njhlh;Gz;L vd;gijg;ghthzh; $WkhW ahq;qdk;?

1. kf;fs; ehfhpfk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk; vd;w ehd;F epiyfisj;jOtpaJ. mtw;Ws; FwpQ;rpapNyNa jkpoh;f;F> mj;jkpohpd; Kd;Ndhh;f;F Mj;njhlh;G ,Ue;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

2. MthdJ Kjd; Kjypy; FwpQ;rp epyj;jpw;Fhpa tpyq;fhFk;. FwpQ;rpia mLj;j Ky;iy epyj;jpy; tho;e;j Mah; Ml;ilAk; khl;ilAk; nghpa mstpy; tsh;j;jdh;. mtw;wpd; CidAk;> ghiyAk; cz;L tho;e;jdh;. mit Nka;g;gth; Mah; vdg; ngah; ngw;wdh;.

2. khL vd;gJ nry;tk; Nghyf; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1. gz;ila cyfk; KOikAk; khNl kf;fspd; nry;tkhf ,Ue;jJ. 2. “Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F

khly;y kw;iw ait” vd;W ts;Sth; $WtjpypUe;J> khNl nry;tk; vd;gij czuyhk;. 3. Ky;iy epyj;jpy; coT Njhd;wp> kUj epyj;jpy; rpwg;gile;jJ. 4. khL ,U epyj;jhUf;Fk; CDk;> ghYk; nfhLj;J Ntshz;ikf;Fk; cjtpaJ. 5. khl;bd; CDk; ghYk; kl;Lkpd;wp Njhy;>nfhk;G curid> thy;> kaph;> rhzk; Kjypa gpwTk; gad;gl;ld. 6. ghy;> japh;> Nkhh;> ntz;nza>; nea; Mfpad Ie;Jk; ( gQ;rhkpu;jk; ) jUtJ khNl MFk;. 3. Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tpje;Jiug;gd ahit?

1. MTk;> MNtWk; kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLtd. mtw;Ws; MNt mikjpAilaJk;> mKjspj;jYk;> ,Ughy; fd;W <DjYk; gw;wpr; rpwg;gha;g; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.

2. ‘ghh;j;jhy; gRNghy. gha;e;jhy; Gyp Nghy” vd;gJ gonkhop. MTf;F thAiw mspj;jy; Kg;gj;jpuz;L mwf;nfhilfSs; xd;wha;f;nfhz;ldh;. ,of;Fk; nghUSk; Mtpd; tha;g;gl;lhy; Mf;fkhk; vd;Dk; fUj;jpy; ‘ghoha;g;NghfpwJ gRtpd;

thapNy” vd;Dk; gonkhop Njhd;wpaJ.

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3. M> jhd; cz;lij kPz;Lk; jd; tha;f;Ff; nfhz;L te;J mirapl;Lr; nrhpf;fr; nra;Ak;.mjdhy; MthdJ jiy khzhf;fUf;F ctikaha;f; $wg;gl;lJ.

4. Mtpd; jpdT jPh;j;jw;nghUl;L> MThpQ;rp vd;Wk; MjPz;L Fw;wpnad;Wk; nrhy;yg;gl;l jwpfs; Ch;NjhWk; ehl;lg;gl;bUj;jiyf; fhzyhk;.

4. mWKiw tho;j;J -tpsf;F.

1. kf;fshy; tho;j;jg;gLk; nghUs;fSs; MTk; xd;nwdj; jkpoh; fUjpdh;. mWKiw tho;j;J vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpag; gFjpAiuapy; ‘KdptUk;> ghh;g;ghUk;> MdpiuAk;>

kioAk; KbAil Nte;jUk;> cyFk;” vd;Dk; mWtiu tho;j;jy; vd er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; ciuj;jhh;.

2. kf;fs; ey;tho;tpw;F MTk; xU fhuzk; vd;gij czh;j;Nj jkpoh; tho;j;jpdhh;. 3. ’tho;f me;jzh;> thdth; Mdpdk;” vd;gJ jpUQhd rk;ge;jhpd; mUs; ciuahFk;.

5. ‘M’ nja;tj;jd;ik cilaJ vd;gjid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

1. M> m/wpiz caph;jhd;> MapDk; cah;jpiz capuhfpa kdpjid tplTk; nja;tj; jd;ik cilajhf> J}a;ik cilajhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. 2. xU ehl;bYs;s Mepiu fs;tuhNyh> giftuhNyh ftug;gl;lhy; mJ

J}a;ikf;NflhfTk; Nghpog;ghfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ. mJNt fLk; NghUf;Ff; fhuzkhdJ.

3. ey;yhl;rp elj;Jk; kd;dd; $l Ntw;W ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w tpUk;gpdhy; me;ehl;L Mepiuiaj; jd; tPuh;fs; %yk; fth;e;J tur;nra;J ghJfhj;jhd;.

4. Md;kb mWj;jy; khngUq;Fw;wkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mf; nfhiyNah mijtplg; ngUq;Fw;wk; vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ.

ghlk; :7. kdpjh; tho;f

1. Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp K.t. ciug;gd ahit? 1. cyfk; gbg;gbaha; KiwNa Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. cyfk; Kd;NdWfpwJ vd;why;

kiyAk;> fhLk; VNjh khWjy; milfpd;wd vd;gjd;W. kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ey;y khWjy;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gjhFk;.

2. ,e;j Kd;Ndw;;wj;jpw;F ,ilapilNa gy epiyfspy; kdpjh; jLkhwpaJz;L. jLkhwpj; jLkhwpg; Gjpa Gjpa mwpTk; Cf;fKk; ngw;W kdpjh; Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;J tUfpd;wdh;. me;j Kd;Ndw;we;jhd; ekf;nfy;yhk; ek;gpf;ifAk;> cWjpAk; mspj;J tUfpwJ.

2. Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W K.t. Fwpg;gpLtJ ahJ?

1. gs;spf; $lj;Jr; rpWtd;> vOj;Jf; fy;tp ngUik cilaJ vd;W czuhky; gyifAk;> gyg;gKk; cah;e;jit vd;W kaq;ff;$lhJ. mt;thW kaq;fpdhy; mij mtDila tho;tpy; Neh;e;j xU jLkhw;wk; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. 2. kf;fs; To thHj; bjhl';fpa nghJ tHpfhl;oa jiytd; jiyapy; Ko Nl;odh;

ifapy; nfhYk; bfhLj;jdh;.

3. rpy jiyKiwfs; fle;j gpwF me;j Koa[k; nfhYk; cilatd; kd;dd; vdg;gl;lhd;.

gpd;dh;/ Koa[k; nfhYk; cilatd; vtdhapDk; mtidj; bja;tkha;g; nghw;wp

mogzpa ntz;Lk; vd;w \lek;gpf;if vGe;jJ. ,Jnt Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W K.t.

Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

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3. njh;jYk; xU jLkhw;wnk vd;W K.t. czug;gdtw;iw tpsf;Ff.

1. ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj; jFjp cilaiuj; njh;e;bjLf;f njh;jy; Kiw njhd;wpaJ.

ifia cah;j;Jtjd; \ykhft[k;/ Flnthiy KiwapYk; eilbgw;w Njh;jy; Kiw

ek;ehl;oYk; ,Ue;jJ.

2. me;jj; njh;jy;fspy; Koa[k; nfhYk; bgw;wpUe;j rpwg;igr; bry;tKk; bry;thf;Fk;

bgw;W tpl;ld. bry;te;jh;fSk;/ bry;thf;Fg; gilj;jth;fSk; btw;wp bgw;Wj; jiyth;

Mapdh;.

3 gpwF bry;tKk; bry;thf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLtJ khwp/ ehl;L kf;fs; vy;yhUk;

rpyUila bry;tj;ija[k; bry;thf;ifa[k; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gl;ldh;. vdnt njh;jYk;

xU jLkhw;wnk vd;W K.t. ciuf;fpwhh;.

4. xUgb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ? 1. KbAk;> NfhYk; rpwg;gha; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gilfSk;> gilf;fUtpfSk; gad;gl;ld. 2. ,d;iwa Ml;rp KiwapYk; gilfSk;> gilf;fUtpfSk; mt;thNw gad;gLfpd;wd. 3. vdpDk; mtw;wpd; kjpg;Gk;> rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. ,J xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;. 4. ,d;iwa kf;fs; nra;jp ,jo;fspy; vOjg;gLtdTk;> Nkilfspy; Ngrg;gLtdTk; cz;ikay;y vd;Dk; njspT ngw Ntz;Lk;. 5. me;jj;njsptpdhy; Nghh;gilfisf; fz;L kaq;fhjijg; Nghd;Nw fl;rpj; Njh;jy;fisAk; fz;L kaq;fkhl;lhh;fs;. ,JTk; xU gb Kd;Ndw;wNk MFk;.

5. Vw;wj; jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs ; ahit? 1. Kb> Nfhy;> fl;rp> Njh;jy; Kjypad kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;> me;jf;

fUtpfs; gadw;Wg;NghdhYk;> ,ilA+wha;j; Njhd;WkhdhYk;> mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;fSf;F chpik cz;L.

2. Nkw;$wpait midj;Jk; rpwpait>; kdpj tho;Nt nghpaJ. kdpj tho;Tf;F mbg;gilahdit ,uz;L. mit $l;LwTk;> ciog;GkhFk;. mit cs;stiu kdpj tho;Tf;Ff; FiwT ,y;iy.

3. $l;LwTf;F tUk; ,ilA+w;iw nty;y mwg;gilAk;> ciog;Gf;Fg; gQ;rk; te;jhy; mij nty;y cOepyKk; Ntz;Lk;. Ruz;LNthUk;> Ruz;lg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj rhjp> rkak;> fl;rp Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj; jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak mika ,JNt topahFk;.

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neLtpdhf;fs;

ghlk; :1 cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop

1. ,ay; ,ir ehlfk; vd;w Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;Jg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.

jkpo;nkhop ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd %tifg;gLk;. Mk;%tifg;ghFghL gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;. ,aw;wkpo; 1. ciueil> nra;As;> ,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq;fSk; mlq;Fk;. 2. nre;jkpo;> nfhLe;jkpo;r; nra;As; E}y;fs;. nre;jkpo; nfhLe;jkpo; ciueil E}y;fs;

Kjypad ,aw;wkpopy; mlq;Fk;. ,irj;jkpo; : ciu eil ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 2 f;Fhpa tpil ehlfj; jkpo; : ciu eil ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 3 f;Fhpa tpil 2. jkpo; - cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop - ,j;jiyg;gpd; fPo; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J vOJf. jkpo; cah; nkhop> jdp nkhop : ciu eil ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 4 f;Fhpa tpil jkpo; nrk;nkhop : ciu eil ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 5 f;Fhpa tpil

ghlk; : 2 rkurk;

1. ehL> rkak;> rhjp ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk; vd;W jpU.tp.f. thjpLtjid tpsf;Ff? ehL : ciu eil ghlk; ,uz;by; ngUtpdh 2 f;Fhpa tpil rkak;> rhjp: ciu eil ghlk; ,uz;by; ngUtpdh 3 f;Fhpa tpil

ghlk; :7 kdpjh; tho;f

1. kdpj tho;Nt nghpaJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; K.t. ciuf;Fk; vjph;fhyf;

fdT ahJ? 1. gilfSf;Fk;> gilf;fUtpfSf;Fk; cs;s kjpg;Gk;> rpwg;Gk;> gbg;gbaha;f; Fiwe;J

tUfpd;wd. 2. gj;jphpif>Nkilg;Ngr;Rfs; Fwpj;j kaf;fk; njspa Ntz;Lk;. 3. gj;jphpifapy; vOjg;gLtd Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik vd;W ek;gf;

$lhJ. 4. fw;wit> Nfl;lit Fwpj;j cz;ikfis Muha;e;J gpd;dNu Vw;gh;. 5. Nghh;g;gilfisg;Nghy Njh;jy;fis mQ;rhJ vjph;nfhs;th;.

6. Nghh; Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;W kWg;gJ Nghy;> Vkhw;Wj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;L kf;fs; kaq;fkhl;lhh;fs;.

7. Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp> Njh;jy; vd;W vijr;nrhy;ypAk; Va;f;f KbahJ. vy;yhk; kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;. mit gadw;Nwh> ,ilA+whfNth> Njhd;wpdhy; mtw;iw chpikAld; Gwf;fzpg;gh;.

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8. fUtpfs; ahTk; rpwpad> kdpj tho;Nt nghpaJ vd;w KbTf;F tUth;. 9. Ruz;LNthUk;> Ruz;lg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj Vw;wj;jho;tw;w rKjhak; kyUk;. 10. kdpj tho;tpy; cz;ikahf cs;sit ,uz;L. xd;W $l;LwT> kw;nwhd;W

ciog;G. 11. $l;LwTf;F ,ilA+W te;jhy;> mij nty;y mwg;gil Ntz;Lk;. ciog;gpw;Fg;

gQ;rk; te;jhy; mij nty;y cOepyk; Ntz;Lk;. 2. Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp lhf;lh; K.t. vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jfs; ahit? ciu eil ghlk; 7 ,y; ngUtpdh 3> 4 f;Fhpa tpil

nkhopg;gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;

ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJjy;

Fwpg;G : tUk; nrhy;ypy; f> r> j> g vd;w vOj;Jfis cila nrhw;fs; tUk;

NghJ f;> r;> j;> g; Mfpa ty;ypd nka;fs; kpFe;J tUk;.

1. ney;ypfha;> jhd;wpfha;> fLfha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffis nfhz;lJ jphpgiy vdg;gLk;.

ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;> fLf;fha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jphpgiy vdg;gLk;.

2. nfhr;ir nrhw;fSk;> t*c nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahf Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh?

nfhr;irr; nrhw;fSk;> t*cr; nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahfg; Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eiliag; Gwf;fzpf;ff; $LNkh?

3. fiyJiw nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;JtJiw> ,irJiw> rkaJiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpJ md;Nwh? fiyj;Jiw> nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;Jtj; Jiw> ,irj;Jiw> rkaj;Jiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpJ md;Nwh?

4. jkpopirapy; Ma ghiy> tl;l ghiy> jphpNfhz ghiy> rJu ghiy vd;w ehd;F ,ir Kiwfs; ,Ue;jd.

jkpopirapy; Mag;ghiy> tl;lg;ghiy> jphpNfhzg;ghiy> rJug;ghiy vd;w ehd;F ,ir Kiwfs; ,Ue;jd.

5. Vl;L Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jt nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

6. gl;l gfypNy ghtyh;f;F Njhd;Wfpw nel;il fdT gl;lg; gfypNy ghtyh;f;Fj; Njhd;Wfpw nel;ilf; fdT

7. gjpf fpstp gy;tif nghUis njhFjpahf nrhy;Yjy; Mk;. gjpff; fpstp gy;tifg; nghUisj; njhFjpahfr; nrhy;Yjy; Mk;.

8. fs;thh;f;F js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;F js;shJ Gj;Njs; cyF fs;thh;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;Fj; js;shJ Gj;Njs; cyF.

9. NjUis Gutp thuz njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tUk; kd;d. NjUisg;Gutp thuzj; njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tUk; kd;d.

10. njhd; %jhyj;J nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h; Nfhrh; njhd; %jhyj;Jg;nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h;f; Nfhrh;.

11. gilg;G gy gilj;J gyNuhLz;Zk; nry;tk; gilg;Gg; gy gilj;Jg; gyNuhLz;Zk; nry;tk;.

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12. mwpT FiwT> ftd FiwT> jpwik FiwT> Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jf;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd. mwpTf;FiwT> ftdf;FiwT> jpwikf; FiwT Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jf;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd.

13. Cl;l rj;J Fiwthy; fU nfhz;ljha; FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;. Cl;lr; rj;Jf; Fiwthy; fUf;nfhz;l jha; Fiwg;Ngw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;.

14. ghljpl;lj;jpy; FkugUt rpf;fy;fis jPh;f;Fk; cstpaw; fl;Liufis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fkug;gUtr;rpf;fy;fisj; jPh;f;Fk; cstpaw; fl;Liufisr; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

15. Nghij gof;fj;jhy; Crpfis gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;F fhuzk; MFk;.

Nghijg;gof;fj;jhy; Crpfisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;.

16. czT nghUs; ju Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;R fhshd; cz;lhfp nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ.

czTg; nghUs; juf;Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ.

17. “nry;t rpWkPh;fhs;! ePuhl NghJtPh”;! vd;whs;. Nfhij “nry;tr; rpWkPh;fhs;! ePuhlg;NghJtPh;”;! vd;whs;> Nfhij.

18. nte;ja nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;f G+f;fs; nte;jar; nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;fg;G+f;fs;.

19. nfhj;jp jphpAk; me;j Nfhop. nfhj;jpj;jphpAk; me;jf;Nfhop.

20. fpl;l Nghdhy; Kl;l gif fpl;lg;Nghdhy; Kl;lg;gif

21. rhiug;ghk;G FUtp $l;by; Eioe;jJ rhiug;ghk;G FUtpf; $l;by; Eioe;jJ.

22. Mrphpah; elj;jh ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;j Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy. Mrphpah; elj;jhg; ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy

23. Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhgFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOj njhpatpy;iy. Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOjj; njhpatpy;iy.

24. vijAk; vOjp gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;F nrhd;dhh;. vijAk; vOjpg; gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;.

25. me;j rpWtd; ve;j gs;spapy; gbj;J rpwe;jhd;? me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;.

26. Xl fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;f fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk;. Xlf; fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;ff; fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk;.

27. thiog; goj;ij jpd;wgpd; Njhiy rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;ig $ilapy; NghL. thiog;goj;ijj; jpd;w gpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;igf; $ilapy; NghL.

28. tpiuthf nry;> tz;b tu NghfpwJ. tpiuthfr; nry;>tz;b tug;NghfpwJ.

29. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;z nrwpTk; Xtpa nghypTk; ek;ik fth;fpd;wd. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;zr; nrwpTk; Xtpag; nghypTk; ek;ikf; fth;fpd;wd.

30. ,g;gb nrhd;dhy; vg;gb GhpAnkd njhpatpy;iy. ,g;gbr; nrhd;dhy; vg;gbg; GhpAnkdj; njhpatpy;iy.

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ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJjy;

1. nrk;gpad; khNjtpg; Nghd;w Nrho Nguurpah; nrg;G jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gij jk; flik vd fUjpdh; NghYk;.

nrk;gpad; khNjtp - Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpah; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj; jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh; NghYk;.

2. rPj;jiy rhj;jd; vd;wg; Gyth;g; ngUkhd; jdJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiyj; JwT vd;Nwg; ngahpl;lhh;.

rPj;jiyr; rhj;jd; vd;w - Gyth; - ngUkhd; jdJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiy- JwT vd;Nw - ngahpl;lhh;.

3. “gpj;jh; nrhd;dTk; Ngijah;r; nrhd;dTk; gj;jh;r; nrhd;dTk; gd;dngWgNth” vd;whh;f; fk;gh;.

gpj;jh; nrhd;dTk; Ngijah; - nrhd;dTk; gj;jh;- nrhd;dTk; gd;dg; ngWgNth” vd;whh;- fk;gh;.

4. Ntl;Lt ngz;fs; tpisahl NghtJz;L vd;Wr; rQ;rPtp gh;tjr;rhuy; ghLfpwJ. Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahlg; NghtJz;L vd;W - rQ;rPtp gh;tjr; rhuy; ghLfpwJ.

5. ghQ;rhypf; fz;zidg; ghh;j;Jf; fz;zhf; fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;. ghQ;rhyp - fz;zidg; ghh;j;Jf; fz;zh - fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;.

6. tho;fj; jkpo; vd;W mtdhr; nrhd;dhd; mwpe;Jr; nrhy; vdf;F. tho;f - jkpo; vd;W mtdh -nrhd;dhd; mwpe;J - nrhy; vdf;F.

7. ePNuhr; NrhNwh vJf;fpilj;jhYk; cz;Lr;nry;Ntd;. ePNuh - NrhNwh vJ - fpilj;jhYk; cz;L- nry;Ntd;.

8. fgpy guzh; tsh;gpiw xspapy; RLr;NrhWk; fha;f;fwpAk; cz;ldh;. fgpyg; guzh; tsh;gpiw xspapy; RL- NrhWk; fha; - fwpAk; cz;ldh;.

9. NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp mLg;igf; Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;Wg; ghh;j;jhd;. NrhW - nfhjpf;fpwJ Ngh- jk;gp mLg;igf; Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;W - ghh;j;jhd;.

10. vd;NdhLg; Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if vd;NdhL - Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if.

11. tpbf;fhiy Ntis RLr;NrhW Mf;fpg; ghpkhwf; $Lkh? tpb - fhiy Ntis RL - NrhW Mf;fpg; ghpkhwf; $Lkh?

12. ntz;zpyhf; fyf;fyntd;Wr;rphpj;;jhs; ntz;zpyh - fy - fy ntd;W rphpj;jhs;

13. FGf;FGntd;Wg;; Gif kz;byk; #o;e;jJ. FG- FG ntd;W - Gif kz;byk; #o;e;jJ.

14. Jwtpf; FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpwth; ,uz;Lg; Ngh;. Jwtp - FbYf;Fs; te;j - rpWth; ,uz;L -Ngh;.

15. itf;Nfhiyj; Njb te;jf; fhis XbaJ. itf;Nfhiyj;Njb te;j - fhis XbaJ.

gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy ;

1. ‘= khd; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ehk fuzj;ij ,e;jf;fg;gYf;Fr;

#l;Ltjpy; ]e;Njh~kilfpNwd;’. vd;whh; %jwpQh; ,uh[h[p.

‘jpUthsh; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ngaiu ,e;jf; fg;gYf;Fr; #l;Ltjpy;

kfpo;r;rp milfpNwd;’ vd;whh; %jwpQh; ,uhrhrp.

2. ‘b.tp.apy; rPhpay; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; iy/Ng Nghh; mbj;JtpLk;;’ vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.

‘njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; njhlh;fisg; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; tho;f;ifNa ntWj;JtpLk;’ vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.

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3. ,e;j nrQ;Rhp ‘nld;~d;’ epiwe;jJ. ,e;j Áw;whz;L kdmOj;jk; epiwe;jJ. 4. ];ypk;khf ,Ug;gNj gpA+l;b vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ. cly; nkypthf ,Ug;gNj moF vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ. 5. ek];fhuk; vd;W rh];lhq;fkhf tpOe;jtid Mrph;tjpj;Njd;. tzf;fk; vd;W neLQ;rhz; fpilahf tpOe;jtid tho;j;jpNdd;. 6. gpuahzp gpuahzj;ij uj;J nra;jTld; &gha; gl;L thlh nra;ag;gl;lJ. gazp gazj;ij tpyf;fpaTld; gzk; jpUk;gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. 7. nry;tDf;Fk; fps;isf;Fk; jyh Ie;J G];jfk; nfhL. nry;td;> fps;is Mfpa xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fs; nfhL. 8. FwpQ;rp jhf;fy; nra;j tof;F R%fkhfg; igry; nra;ag;gl;lJ. FwpQ;rp njhLj;j tof;F ey;y Kiwapy; Kbf;fg; ngw;wJ. 9. re;epjpapy; rfy [dq;fSk; cge;epahrk; Nfl;fj; jpuz;bUe;jdh;. Nfhtpypy; kf;fs; midtUk; Md;kPf ciu Nfl;fj; jpuz;bUe;jdh;. 10. ge;J kpj;jpuh; rfpjk; te;J MrPh;tjpf;ff; NfhUfpNwd;. cwtpdh;> ez;gh;fSld; te;J tho;j;jpl Ntz;LfpNwd;. 11. vd; Vf Gjy;tdpd; [hdthrj;jpw;Fr; rfyUk; tuZk;. vd; xNu kfdpd; khg;gps;is miog;gpw;F midtUk; tuNtz;Lk;. 12. = uq;fj;jpy; ];thkp = uq;fehjh;Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;shh;. jpUtuq;fj;jpy; ,iwtd; jpUtuq;f ehjh; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;shh;. 13. = uq;fj;jpy; = uq;fehjUf;Ff; Fk;ghgpN~fk; eilngw cs;sJ. jpUtuq;fj;jpy; jpUtuq;f ehjUf;Ff; FlKOf;F eilngw cs;sJ. 14. ehd; nra;j jtWf;F rfy [dq;fSk; vd;id ~kpj;jUs Ntz;Lk;. ehd; nra;j jtWf;F kf;fs; midtUk; vd;id kd;dpj;jUs Ntz;Lk;.

15. “tPf;fhd vd; Md;l;b nu];l; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W `hh;l; ];ng~yp];l; ml;it]; $wpdhh;.

“clyeyk; Fiwe;j vd; mj;ij Xa;T vLf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W ,jatpay; ty;Yeh; mwpTiu $wpdhh.; 16. lahngl;bf; Ng~z;l; ];tPl; rhg;gpLtij ];lhg; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ePhpopT Nehahsp ,dpg;G rhg;gpLtij epWj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;;;;.

nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJjy;

1. mg;gprp khrk; mlks ,k;ghq;f Ig;grp khjk; milkio vd;ghh;fs;.

2. Nfhsp Kl;il jhthuj;jpy; cUz;lJ. Nfhop Kl;il jho;thuj;jpy; cUz;lJ.

3. ntbaq;fhl;bAk; ntj;jpiy NghlwJ xU gsf;fkh? tpbtjw;Fs; ntw;wpiy NghLtJ xU gof;fkh?

4. xUj;jd; xz;baha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Ch;Nfhykh? xUtd; xd;wpaha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Ch;tyk; MFkh?

5. nfhLj;j Nrjpiaf; Nfhh;itaha;g; NgR nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhitaha;g; NgR.

6. NrhW jpd;W> gok; cz;L> ghy; rhg;gpl;Lg; gLj;jhd;. NrhW cz;L> gok; jpd;W> ghy; gUfpg; gLj;jhd;.

7. Mj;jq;fiuapy; mQ;R fhzp eQ;ir epyk; ,Uf;F. Mw;wq;fiuapy; Ie;J fhzp ed;nra; epyk; cs;sJ.

8. tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj

9. eQ;irAk; GQ;irAk; fhQ;rp Nghapd. ed;nra;Ak; Gd;nra;Ak; fha;e;J Nghapd.

10. mz;zhf; fapW mWe;jJ. miuQhz; fapW mWe;jJ.

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thf;fpag;gpiofisj; jpUj;Jjy; gpio jpUj;jk;

1. tz;bfs; XlhJ - tz;bfs; Xlh 2. mit ,q;Nf csJ - mit ,q;Nf cs 3. mJ vy;yhk; - mit vy;yhk; 4. kf;fs; fpilahJ - kf;fs; ,y;iy 5. tUtJk;NghtJk; fpilahJ - tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilah 6. xd;Nwh my;yJ ,uz;Nlh jUf- xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh jUf 7. nrd;id vd;w efuk; - nrd;id vd;Dk; efuk; 8. vdJ kfd; - vd; kfd; 9. Vw;fj; jf;fJ my;y - Vw;fj; jf;fJ md;W 10. mtsJ je;ij - mts; je;ij 11. Gyp te;jd - Gyp te;jJ 12. vUJfs; XbaJ - vUJfs; Xbd 13. G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ - G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpd 14. ,q;Fs;sJ vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs- ,q;Fs;sit vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs 15. vdf;Fg; gy tPLfs;cs - vdf;F tPLfs; gy cs;sd 16. ,J nghJ top my;y - ,J nghJ top md;W 17. tpohtpy; gy mwpQh; Ngrpdh; - tpohtpy; mwpQh;fs; gyh; Ngrpdh; 18. njd;wy; nky;y tPrpd - njd;wy; nky;y tPrpaJ 19. thfdj;ij ,lJ gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj- thfdj;ij ,lg;gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj 20. gj;J goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yd- gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yJ 21. tyJ gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj - tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj 22. xt;nthU rpw;W}h;fspYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ. xt;nthU rpw;W}hpYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ. 23. khzth;fs; fy;tpawpT xOf;fj;jpw; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. khzth;fs; fy;tpawptpYk;> xOf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. 24. mth; jhd; $wpdhh; ,th; jhd; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth; jhd; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f-

mth;jhk; $wpdhh; ,th;jhk; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth;jhk; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f.

25. ey;ytifSk; nfl;litfSk; gj;jphpf;iffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. ey;ydTk;> nfl;ldTk; gj;jphpf;iffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. 26. fz;zd; KUfd; kw;Wk;Ntyd; te;jdh;. fz;zd;> KUfd;> Ntyd; MfpNahh; te;jdh;. 27. nrd;idf;F mUfhikapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp my;y. nrd;idf;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp md;W. 28. jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whh;. jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whs;. 29. ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yth? ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yNuh? 30. nghpaJk; rpwpaJkhd rhkhd;fisr; nra;fpwhh;fs;. nghpadTk;> rpwpadTkhd rhkhd;fisr; nra;fpwhh;fs;.

kuG t*cr;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy; 1. fhfk; $Tk;> eha; fj;Jk;

fhfk; fiuAk;> eha; Fiuf;Fk; 2. fhl;y ahid fj;jpaJ> Gyp $tpaJ

fhl;by; ahid gpspwpaJ> Gyp cWkpaJ

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3. ePhpd;wp eQ;irAk;> GQ;irAk; tpisatpy;iy ePhpd;wp ed;nra;Ak;> Gd;nra;Ak; tpisatpy;iy

4. ahid Nka;g;gNdhL Ml;Lg; ghfDk; te;jhd; ahidg; ghfNdhL Ml;L ,ilaDk; te;jhd;

5. fUk;Gj; Njhg;Gf;F mUfhikapy; eha; fj;jpaJ fUk;Gf; nfhy;iyf;F mUfpy; eha; Fiuj;jJ.

6. kapy; $t> Fapy; mft> fpsp ghbaJ kapy; mft> Fapy $t> fpsp NgrpaJ

7. Njapiyj;Njhg;Gf;F mUfpy; gyhj; Njhl;lk; cs;sJ. Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; gyhj; Njhg;G cs;sJ.

8. Nrhsf;fhL - Myq;nfhy;iy Nrhsf; nfhy;iy - Myq;fhL

9. Fjpiuj; njhOtk; - ahid nfhl;by; Fjpiuf;nfhl;by; - ahidf; $lk;

10. Njhl;lj;jpy; thior;nrbAk; khQ;nrbAk; el;ldh;. Njhl;lj;jpy; thiof; fd;Wk;> khq;fd;Wk; el;ldh;.

jkpohf;fk; jUf 1. A Friend in need is friend in deed Mgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ikahd ez;gd;

2. A Little Knowledge is dangerous miuFiw mwpT Mgj;jhdJ.

3. A penny saved is a penny gained rpWJsp ngUnts;sk;

4. A young calf knows not fear ,sq;fd;W gakwpahJ

5. A man of courage never want weapons ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;

6. Do not add fuel to the flame vhpfpw neUg;gpy; vz;nza; Cw;whNj

7. All covet all loss (or) Covet all lose all Nguhir ngUel;lk;

8. All that glitters is not gold kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y

9. Art is long and the life is short fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy

10. As is the king so are his subjects murd; vt;topNah kf;fs; mt;top

11. A young thing is easier twisted that an old tree. Ie;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisAkh?

12. A calm before a storm Gyp gJq;FtJ gha;tjw;fhfj; jhd; (m) GaYf;F Kd; mikjp.

13. A crying child will get milk mOfpw gps;is ghy; Fbf;Fk;

14. Barking dogs seldom bite Fiuf;fpw eha; fbf;fhJ

15. Birds of the same feather flock together ,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk;

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16. Blood is thikcker than water. jhdhlh tpl;lhYk; jd; jir MLk;

17. Child is the father of the man tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpAk;

18. Cast no pearls before swine fOijf;Fj; njhpAkh fw;G+u thrid?

19. Delay is dangerous fhy jhkjk; Mgj;jhdJ

20. Dimond cuts dimond Ks;is Ks;shy; vL

21. Distance lends enchantment to the view ,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir

22. Diligence is the mother of good luck Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;

23. Eagles don’t catch flies Gyp grpj;jhYk; Gy;iyj; jpd;dhJ

24. East or west home is best vyp tisahdhYk; jdptis Ntz;Lk;

25. Empty vessels make much noise Fiw Flk; $j;jhLk;

26. Every tide has its ebb. rhz; Vwpdhy; Kok; rWf;Fk;.

27. Every homer some times nods Midf;Fk; mb rWf;Fk;.

28. Face is the index of the mind mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk.;

29. Familiarity breeds contempt gofg;gofg;ghYk; Gspf;Fk.;

30. Failure is the stepping stone to success Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F Kjy;gb.

31. First deserve than desire Kltd; nfhk;Gj; NjDf;F Mirg;glyhkh?

32. God is love md;Ng flTs.;

33. Honesty is the best Policy Neh;ikNa rpwe;j nfhs;if.

34. Haste makes waste gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;

35. Knowledge is Power mwpNt Mw;wy;

36. Idleness is the root of all evils Nrhk;gNy vy;yhj; Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; mbg;gil.

37. Look before you leap Mok; mwpahky; fhiy tplhNj

38. Money makes many things gzk; gj;Jk;nra;Ak;

39. Make hay while the sun shines fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs;

Tamil 12th std

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Transcript of Tamil 12th std