SS 2012_eng

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Pairing systems

Round Robin tournaments

Swiss tournaments

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The Swiss systems

1. the Dutch system

2. the Lim system

3. the Dubov system

4. the Burstein system

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Pairing systems

Round Robin tournaments

Swiss tournaments

Scheveninger tournaments

Skalitzka tournaments

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The pairings are:

Round 1 A - a Round 2 1 - A

b - 1 a - 2

2 - B B - bC - c 3 - C

d - 3 c - 4

4 - D D - d

E - e 5 - E

f - 5 e - 6

6 - F F - f

Skalitzka system

fixed team ranking

drawing of the type of pairing number: capital letter, small letter orfigure

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FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (1)

A.1 Rating

It is advisable to check all ratings supplied by players.

If no reliable rating is known for a player the arbiters should make an

estimation of it as accurately as possible before the start of the tournament.

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FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (2)

A.2 Order of players for pairing purposes

If players are included after round 1 or if corrections are made after start of the

tournament the ranking has to be corrected

d) alphabetically

c) title: GM - IM - WGM - FM WIM - CM - WFM - WCM - no title

b) rating

a) score

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A.3 Score groups

A heterogeneous score group of which at least half of the players have come

from a higher score group is also treated as though it was homogeneous

heterogeneous score group = one or more players have higher scores

homogeneousscore groups = all with equal scores

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (3)

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A.5 Byes

Should the total number of players be (or become) odd, one player ends up

unpaired. This player receives a bye: no opponent, no colour, 1 point or half

point (as stated in the tournament regulations. A bye is considered to be a

downfloat.

A.4 FloaterBy pairing a heterogeneous score group, players with unequal scores will be

paired. To ensure that this will not happen to the same players again in the next

two rounds this is written down on the pairing card. The higher ranked player

receives a downfloat ( ), the lower one an upfloat ( )

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (4)

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A.6 Subgroups and definition of P0, M0

P0 is the maximum number of pairs that can be produced in eachscore bracket and is equal to the number of players divided by two

and rounded downwards.

To make the pairing, each score bracket will be divided into two subgroups, to

be called S1 and S2, where S2 is equal or bigger than S1.

S1 players are tentatively paired with S2 players.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (5)

M0 is the number of players moved down from higher score groups

(it may be zero).

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A.7 Colour allocation (1)

A player with white pieces receives +1, with black pieces -1.

mild colour preference= colour differenceis 0; the preference being to alternatethe colour with respect to the previous game .

strong colour preference= colour differenceis +1 (the player should have black )or -1 (he should have white).

absolute colour preference = colour difference is greater than 1 or less than -1, or

when a player played with the same colour in the two latest rounds ;

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (6)

Players who did not play the first rounds have no colour preference (the preference

of their opponents is granted).

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While pairing an even-numbered round players having a mild colourpreference (players who have had an even number of games before by

any reason) shall be treated and counted as if they would have a mild

colour preference of that kind (white respective black) which increases the

number of players who get their strong colour preference.

While pairing an odd-numbered round players having a strong colour

preference (players who have had an odd number of games before by

any reason) shall be treated like players having an absolute colour

preference as long as this does not result in additional floaters.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (7)

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Before the first round the colour preference of one player (often the

highest one) is determined by lot.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (8)

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A.8 Defination of X1 and Z1

X1 = the number of pairings which must be made in a score group, not

fulfilling all colour preferences

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (9)

Z1 = only in even rounds

the minimum number of pairings which must be made in a score group,not fulfilling all strong colour preferences

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A.10 Top scorers and backtracking

Top scorers are players who have a score of over 50 % when pairing the

last round

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (9)

Backtracking

Backtracking means to undo the pairings of a higher score bracket tofind another set of floaters to the given score bracket.

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Colour allocation

E.4 grant the colour preference of the higher ranked player

E.3 alternate the colours to the most recent round in which they played with

different colours= colour history

E.2 grant the stronger colour preference

E.1 grant both colour preferences

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

General Remarks (10)

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B.2 Two players with the same absolute colour preference (see A.7.a) shall

not meet (therefore no players colour difference will become >+2 or < -

2 nor a player will receive the same colour three times in a row).

B.1b A player who has received a point without playing, either through a

bye or due to an opponent not appearing in time, shall not receive a

bye .

B.1a Two players shall not meet more than once.

B. Absolute pairing criteria - These may not be violated. If necessary playerswill be moved down to a lower score group.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

Pairing criteria (1)

Note: If it is helpful to reduce the number of floaters when pairing top scorers B2

may be ignored.

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B.4 As many players as possible receive their colour preference.

B.3 The difference of the scores of two players paired against each other

should be as small as possible and ideally zero. .

B. Relative pairing criteria - These are in descending priority. Theyshould be fulfilled as much as possible. To comply with these criteria,

transpositions or even exchanges may be applied, but no player should

be moved down to a lower score group.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

Pairing criteria (2)

B.5 No player shall receive an identical float in two consecutive rounds .

B.6 No player shall have an identical float as two rounds before.

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starting with the highest score group, down to the lowest one

first acceptable pairings are made, afterwards the colour allocation rules are

used to determine which players will play with white

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

Pairing procedure (1)

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C.2 + 3 Determine the values of P0, P1, M0, M1, X1, Z1 and set therequirements P, B2, A7d, X, Z, B5/B6

C.4 + 5 Put the highest players in S1, all other players in S2 and order it

C.6 Pair the highest player of S1 against the highest one of S2, the second

highest one of S1 against the second highest one of S2, etc. and follow the

absolute criteria.

By using transposition rules in S2 (see D.1) try to follow the relative criteria B.3,

B.4, B.5 and B.6.

If pairings are not possible dont follow B.6, then B.5, then B.4 and then B.3.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system


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in case of a homogeneous score group:

The remaining players are moved down to the next score group. With this

score group restart the procedure.

in case of a heterogeneous score group:

Only players moved down from a higher score group were paired. Start pairings

by determining x (see C.2) with the homogeneous remaining group and apply

new transpositions of S2 or exchange between S1 and S2 and restart pairings.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system


If for more than one player a suitable pairing cannot be found

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If it is not possible to find a suitable pairing for a player in the score group without

violating the absolute pairing criteria:

C.11 in case of a heterogeneous score group:

undo the pairing of the previous score group. If in this previous scoregroup a pairing can be made whereby another player will be moved down

to the current one, and this now allows p pairing to be made then this

pairing in the previous score group will be accepted.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system


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in case of a homogeneous score group: this player will be floated down.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system


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Rules C.7 to C.14 describe the way to handle the pairing procedure.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system


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D.1 Transpositions within S2 should start with the lowest players, with descending

priority:

0. 6 7 8 9 10 11

1. 6 7 8 9 11 10

2. 6 7 8 10 9 11

3. 6 7 8 10 11 9

4. 6 7 - 8 11 9 10

5. 6 7 8 11 10 9

6. 6 7 9 8 10 11

7. 6 7 9 8 11 10, etc

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

Transposition and exchange procedure

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D.2 Exchange of players between S1 and S2

When applying an exchange between S1 and S2 the difference between the

numbers exchanged should be as small as possible. When differences of various

option are equal take the one concerning the lowest player of S1. Then take the

one concerning the highest player of S2.

FIDE Swiss Rules

Dutch system

Transposition and exchange procedure

detailed examples you can find in FIDE Handbook

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FIDE Swiss Rules Dutch system

Final remarks (1)

F.1 After a pairing is complete sort the pairing before making them public:

- the score of the higher player of the pairing involved

- the sum of the scores of both players of the pairing involved

- the rank according to A.2 of the higher player of the pairing involved .

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F.2 Byes, and pairing not actually played, or lost by one of the players due toarriving late or not at all, will not be taken into account with respect to

colour.

Such a pairing is not considered to be illegal in future rounds.

F.3 A player who after five rounds has a colour history of bww-b (i.e. no valid

game in round 4) will be treated as -bwwb with respect to E.3.

So wb-wb will count as -wbwb and bww-b-w counts as - -bwwbw


Final remarks (2)

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F.5 Players who withdraw from the tournament will no longer be paired. Players

known in advance not to play in a particular round are not paired in that

round and score 0.

F.6 A pairing officially made public shall not be changed unless it violates the

absolute pairing criteria (B.1 and B.2).


Final remarks (3)

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F.7 If either

- result was written down incorrectly, or

- a game was played with the wrong colours, or

- a player's rating has to be corrected

then this will only affect pairing yet to be made.


Final remarks (4)

Whether it will affect a pairing already made public but not yet played should

be decided by the arbiter.

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F.8 Players who are absent during a round without notification to the arbiter willbe considered to have withdrawn themselves, unless the rules of the

tournament state otherwise.

F.9 Adjourned games are considered draws for pairing purposes only.


Final remarks (5)

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step by step

1. order of the

score group

4. Pairing

procedure

3. subgroups

S1 and S2

5. colour

allocation

2. colour

preferences

6.publication

of pairings

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Swiss system

pairings

F I N I S H

SS 2012_eng

Documents

Transcript of SS 2012_eng