SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges

8/11/2019 SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges

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Smart Ports SeminarMarin 23 April 2013

Large- and small-scale LNG challenges

Stephan HuismanDirector LNG technology - Vopak


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MarinSmart Ports seminar 23 A ril 2013

Contents

What is LNG?

Trends in LNG world trade

Shipping of LNG

Site selection and demands to port design

Small scale LNG a new and promising trade

Questions?

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LNG?

LNG = Liquefied Natural Gas:

predominantly methane (C1

H4

)

liquefied to161 degree C, reducing the volume by a factor of 600

safe transport & storage at near atmospheric pressure: safety

vaporizes quickly when exposed to atmosphere & lighter than air

gas clouds burn, but no explosions (if not confined)

low level of contaminants and NG a clean burning fuel colorless and no smell

Why is LNG used?

allows transport of gas over long distances using LNG Carriers

creates flexibility in the natural gas market, enhancing reliability of

supply at competitive pricing

fuel for power generation and feedstock for industries

new trend: fuel for marine and road transport.

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Environmental performance Natural Gas fuel

Natural gas is cleanest fos si l fuel

Natural gas is used for:power generation => flexible plants!

industrial feedstock & fuel

domestic appliances

road and sea transport (a recent trend)


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an integrated high value energy supply chain

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The traditional base-load LNG supply model


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Why LNG instead of pipeline supplied natural gas?

Enhances security of supply (example JapanFukushima)

Allows peak-shaving for high demand moments

Make-up for decline of piped import & indigenous supply)

Fuel supply to remote islands and smaller markets

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Woodside - Australia

World-wide LNG trade: steady increase (5 to 6% pa)

Source: ExxonMobil 2007

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Legend:

In Operation

Under Construction

PlannedPipelines Operating

Planned Pipelines

Isle of Grain

Montoir

Fos

Barcelona

Cartagena

Huelva

La Spezia

Marmara

Ereglesi

Revythoussa

BilbaoSines

Zeebrugge

Sagunto

Aliaga

Teesport

El Ferrol

Europemain Natural Gas import infrastructure(2012)

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2012

status

Milford Haven

Rotterdam

In last 6 years number of operational import terminals

increased with 7 (approx. + 30% growth)


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LNG carriers: sizes increased


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Trend LNG fleet: main carrier fleet gets larger

Source: WoodMac (2008)


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Challenges for ports

LNG berths move into busy ports;

Scheduling of LNG chain is tight and delays not easily tolerated; High vessel costs imply also a need for high port availability;

High safety standards need to be maintained: The LNG industry

maintains a conservative approach;

Vessel traffic management essential to warrant safe manoeuvres;

Locations selected of berths should have low probability of collision

Shallow draft vessels (< 12,5 m) so modest water-depths; but

High freeboards (> 20 m) and Loa between 300 and 350 m require

manoeuvring space and tug capacity;

Necessity to remain cost competitive.


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Example of specific port design challenges(1)

Exposed jetty to cyclones

Dredged channel in hard rockWoodside LNG - Australia


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Courtesy Sines LNG Portugal


Co-sitingsafety manaement

Atlantic swell wave limitations

Seismicity


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24/04/2013Vopak LNG

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Maasvlakte

Europoort

Hoek van Holland

LNG Terminal

location

LNG jetties

Existing HP

36 H-grid line


Rotterdam harbour:

Congestion onshore and water-ways;

Management of maritime risks

Port availability in adverse conditions


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S3

S4

S10

S18

S22

S27

S32

S46S49

S11

S17

S19S39

Stad

Caland

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Euromax

Lyondell

TOR

APM

EMO Mississippi

ECT Europa

ECT Amazone

Nerefco

VoridianMOT

S4

S6

S59

S50

S60

S55

T

TT

S2

S5

Euromax MV2

OMO

MW

W

ChemieT

MaasCentre

S35

S42

TEMO Amazone

T

S7

LionGas

T

TGate (Vogas)

S1

S8 S68 S71

S66

S69

T

T

Benelux

PET

S67

Fairway configuration15

Creative layout and win-win between projects

Dredging and land reclamation

projects shared between various

projects;

Extensive logistics simulationsto develop access regime;

Onshore and nautical quantitative

risk assessments;

Navigation studies;

Wave penetration modelling

2006 2011


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24/04/2013Vopak LNG

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Examples supporting specialised port studies


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IMO: Emission control areas: ECAs

EU Directives:Reduction of

emissions from

the transportation

industry

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ECA

World

78%

97%

4,5%

3,5%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,1%

SOx

(%)

,,,,,

,,,,,

2

008

2

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ECA

World

78%

97%

4,5%

3,5%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,1%

SOx

(%)

Emission control: small scale LNG (r)evolution?


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Gasoil

LNG

LNG may also present a material cost fuel cost advantage

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Challenges ahead for downstream market penetration LNG:

Standard legislation and equipment standardisation;

Safety training on how to handle liquid gasses to maintain safety record;

Engine management technology development;

Incremental investments in port infra and engine rooms of vessels;


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Emission control: small scale (r)evolution?

ECA

1.250 to 16,000 m3


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Green river initiative

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Green Deal:

LNG Rijn en WaddenSigned on the 5thof July 2012

Challenges for small scale LNG: Design of bunker barges;

Design of river barges;

Design of small LNG depots

Modal split between water-

and road transport of LNG


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LNG

Gas Oil

Fuel Oil

Time

The volume of future small scale LNG a big question!

LNG truck fuelling station Zwolle, Netherlands

Break-bulk Rotterdam

Dual fuel LNG propulsion in operation

First movers are active!


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The future of LNG terminals!

World-scale

&

Small satellites

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SmartPorts10-S.huisman-(Small Scale) LNG Challenges

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