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    NATIONAL MANAGEMENT COLLEGESENIOR MANAGEMENT WING, LAHORE

    12thSenior Management Course

    Service Group Presentation

    Police Service of Pakistan

    By

    Taimoor Ali Khan PSP

    Sponsor DS: Intisar Ahmed Khan

    2012

    2

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    PSP PARTICIPANTS

    1. Mr. Khalid Mahmood

    2. Mr. Wisal Fakhar Sultan

    3. Dr. Usman Anwar

    4. Mr. Kashif Alam

    5. Mr. Ali Ahmad Sabir Kiyani

    3

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    SEQUENCE

    Introduction

    Historical evolution

    Relevant laws

    Functions

    Management of PSP Management style

    Cardinal Issues

    Policy options & Recommendations

    Change management for enhancing performance

    Relevance of PSP to the Changing Paradigm of Governance & Its

    Likely Future Evolution

    Conclusion

    4

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    SOME IMAGES

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    HISTORICAL EVOLUTION

    Hi t i l D l t

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    Historical Development

    before 1857

    22

    Sultanate & Mughal

    Administration

    1808

    Independent heads of

    Police in Bengal

    1792-3

    Established by

    Cornwallis in Bengal

    Hi t i l D l t

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    Historical Development

    around 1857

    23

    1843

    Sir Charles Napier

    professional

    police on Irish

    model in Sind

    1856

    Police

    Commissioners in

    Calcutta, Madras &

    Bombay

    1861

    Institutionalization ofpolice in India

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    Police Act 1861 - Features

    Passed in aftermath of the 1857 war of independence.

    Based on Irish Constabulary Acts of 1822 and 1836.

    Designed to support land revenue collection & law and

    order maintenance.

    Subservient to the executive.

    Highly militaristic and authoritarian in design.

    Emphasis on maintenance of a type of discipline, bordering

    regimentation, that requiring the lower ranks to blindly

    obey orders. 24

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    Police Act 1861 - Features

    Accountable to their internal hierarchy and the executive.

    Structurally embedded Elitist bias, distrust of the lower

    ranks (Section 7 uses the word Inferior Officers for junior

    ranks).

    generally the British remained indifferent to the public

    complaints against the police.*

    * Gurr, Ted Robert, Grabosky, Peter N. and Hula, Richard C. 1977, The Politics of Crimeand Conflict: A Comparative History of Four Cities. California, Beverly Hills: Sage.

    2525

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    contd

    Training regimen focused on physical fitness and drills

    rather on education.

    Control never went beyond mere symbolism. *

    a rulers force with little provision for citizenaccountability.**

    * Peers, Douglas M. 1991. Torture, the Police, and the Colonial State in the Madras

    Presidency, 1816-55. Criminal Justice History. v 12.

    ** Das, Dilip K. and Verma, Arvind. 1998. The Armed Police in the British ColonialTradition: The Indian Perspective. Police Studies: The International Review of PoliceDevelopment and Management. Vol. 21 N 2, pp. 354-367.

    26

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    Historical Development

    After Independence

    27

    1947-48

    Independence! Pakistan

    adopted Police Act of India

    14th August 2002

    New organic law

    promulgated

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    Developments after Independence

    Police System under 1861 Act remained enforced.

    Police grew in its nuisance value as local elites relied on the

    police to consolidate their power.*

    * Suddle, Muhammad Shoaib, Reinventing the Anachronistic Police Organisation

    of Pakistan, paper presented at The 1999 British Criminology Conference,Liverpool, July 1999.

    2828

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    1948 Passage of Bill to introduce a Metropolitan System of Policing in Karachi

    1951 Recommendations of Sir Oliver Bilbert Grace, IG Police, NWFP

    1961 Police Commission headed by Mr. Justice J.B. Constantine

    1962 Pay & Services Reorganization Committee (Justice Cornelius)

    1970 Police Commission headed by Major General A.O. Mitha

    1976 Police Station Enquiry Committee headed by M.A.K. Chaudhry, IG Police

    1976 Law and Order Sub-Committee headed by Ch. Fazal Haque

    1976 Police Reforms Committee headed by Rafi Raza

    1981 Orakazi Committee on Police Welfare, Promotion & Seniority Rules

    29

    Initiatives to Reform Police

    Since 1947, 11 Police Commissions/Committees and 4

    International Missions

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    1982 Cabinet Committee of Emoluments of SHOs.

    1983 Cabinet Committee on Determining the Status of SHOs

    1983 Sahibzada Rauf Ali Committee

    1985 The police Committee headed by Mr. Aslam Hayat

    1987 Report of the two members delegations visit to Bangladesh and India

    1989 Report of the 7-Member delegations visit to Bangladesh and India

    1990 Police Reforms Implementation Committee M.A.K. Chaudhary

    1996 Report of the Japanese Police Delegation on the Police System in Pakistan

    1997 Committee on Police Reforms under the Chairmanship of Interior Minister

    1998 Report of the Good Governance Group on Police Reforms: Committee Vision

    2000 Report of the Focal Group on Police Reforms: NRB Draft 2000

    30

    Contd

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    All Committees and Missions recommended policingreforms in Pakistan.

    Recommendations of the most of Commissions weregeneral and incremental within the 1861 paradigm.

    Only peripheral changes in procedures.

    31

    Contd.

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    Police Order 2002 - Features

    Promulgated on Aug, 14, 2002, replaced Police Act 1861.

    Re-defined role and responsibilities of police giving

    precedence to service function.

    Operational and Administrative Autonomy.

    Public participation and external accountability through

    DPSCs and CPLCs.

    Separation of Investigation from Watch & Ward.

    Annual Policing Plan.

    Tenure based system of posting.

    3232

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    Contd

    Better Service delivery through re-organization and re-configuration.

    Police Accountability: three tiers

    Civilian Oversight (Public Safety Commissions & Police ComplaintAuthority)

    Internal Accountability

    Judicial Review

    33

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    Police Order - Internal Accountability Mechanisms

    Article 155 - misconduct or dereliction of duty by police

    officers (up to 3 years imprisonment and fine)

    Article 156 Vexatious entry, search, arrest, torture etc

    (up to 5 years imprisonment and fine)

    Article 157 Delay in producing arrested person in court

    (up to 1 year imprisonment and fine)

    Inspections

    34

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    Police Order - External oversight

    mechanisms

    Public Safety and Police Complaints Commissions at

    different levels.

    District Criminal Justice Co-ordination Committee.

    Citizens Police Liaison Committee.

    35

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    Police Order 2002 - Vulnerabilities

    Not product of a consultation process or parliamentary debate.

    Consent of the provinces never sought.

    Not aligned with our environ and political culture - civilian oversight

    models transplanted from UK and Japanese environments.

    Want of full ownership by police.

    Mechanisms of public oversight and accountability faced resistance

    by the political allies of the government,

    the bureaucracy,

    segments within the police.

    36

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    An Amended Police Order

    Police Order (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004 amended or

    replaced 73 of 187 articles.

    Merged complaints bodies and PSCs.

    Altered the composition of the PSCs to include MNAs andMPAs.

    Number of independent members reduced from one-halfto one-third in the district safety commission.

    Rendered PSC recommendations non-binding.

    Amendments diluted that autonomy and weakenedmechanisms for civilian oversight and internalaccountability.

    37

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    Progress or Regression?

    On14th July, 2011, the Sindh (Repeal of the Police Order,

    2002 and Revival of the Police Act, 1861) Act, 2011 was

    passed.

    S. 3 of the Act repealed Police Order 2002. S. 2 revived the Police Act,1861 (Act No.V of 1861).

    On 19th August 2011, the Balochistan Provincial legislature

    passed the Balochistan Police Act No. X of 2011. S. 46 of the Act repealed Police Order 2002 in Balochistan.

    38

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    Development of Police Service British Army Officers commanded Indian Police.

    First Imperial Police Service (IPS) exams held in 1919.

    Ratio of native officers increased to 50% in 1939.

    Renamed as PSP after independence.

    Police Group formed under Administrative Reforms 1973

    All Pakistan Unified Grades (DMG + Police + SG)

    All Service Cadres abolished and replaced by reorganized system ofOccupational Groups

    Adoption of Basic Pay Scales structure

    PSP restored in 1985 39

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    40

    Relevant laws and Regulatory EnvironmentAffecting Structure, Size & Functions of PSP

    R l t l

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    Relevant laws

    Parliament has the exclusive power to legislate for the the

    Police Service of Pakistan (Entry 11, Federal Legislative List

    Part I).

    Constitutional Provisions:

    Article 240, read with Federal Legislative List, Part I, item 11

    Statutory Framework for PSP:

    Civil Servants Act, 1973

    41

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    Contd Delegated Legislation:

    The Occupational Groups and Services (Probation, Training and

    Seniority) Rules, 1990

    PSP (Composition, Cadre & Seniority) Rules 1985

    Ancillary Instructions, etc. (Estacode)

    Federal Govt. Rules of Business 1973: Establishment Division manages,inter alia, PSP

    Organic police law:

    Police Order 2002 in KP and Punjab

    Police Act 1861 in Sindh, GB,AJK, and ICT

    Balochistan Police Act 2011 in Balochistan

    42

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    Responsibilities and Functions

    Articles 3, 4 and 5 of the Police Order, 2002.

    Protecting life, property and liberty of citizens

    Preserving and promoting public peace

    Protecting rights of individuals in custody

    Preventing the commission of offences and public nuisance

    Collecting and communicating intelligence

    Keeping order

    43

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    Contd

    Detecting and bringing offenders to justice

    Assisting in prevention of the public from exploitation by any

    person or organised groups

    Preventing harassment of women and children in public

    places

    Affording relief to people in distress situations, particularly in

    respect of women and children

    Providing assistance to victims of road accidents and assisting

    accident victims or their heirs or dependents

    44

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    45

    MANAGEMENT OFPSP CADRE

    Police Ranks

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    Police Ranks

    46

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    Rank-wise Break-upRank Number

    Inspector General of Police (IGP) 2

    Additional Inspector General of Police

    (Addl. IGP)38

    Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) 111

    Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) 228

    Superintendent of Police (SP) 163

    Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) 127

    Total PSP Officers 669

    47Source: Establishment Division

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    PSP Deployment

    Organization PSPOfficers

    %age

    Punjab 227 33.93%

    Sindh 115 17.19%

    KP 55 8.22%

    Balochistan 87 13.00%

    Fed. Govt

    AJK/GB

    185

    27.65%

    Total 669

    48

    Punjab

    SindhKP

    Balochistan

    Fed. Govt AJK/GB

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    Composition by Gender

    13 female PSP officers

    Deputy Inspector General: 1

    Female Assistant Superintendents of Police : 12

    49

    Organization Number

    Islamabad Capital Territory Police 3

    Punjab 7

    Sindh 2KP -

    Baluchistan -

    i i

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    Composition Officers recruited as ASsP( BS-17) through CSS (FPSC)

    Officers Inducted from the Armed Forces (BS-17)

    Encadred Provincial Police Officers (BS-18)

    Military Officers through lateral Entry

    50

    Federal Police/La Enforcement

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    Federal Police/Law Enforcement

    Organizations & Tasks

    Core Tasks Organization

    Investigation of White Collar

    Crime; Immigration; Human

    Trafficking

    Federal Investigation

    Agency

    Intelligence collection, analysis

    and dissemination

    Intelligence Bureau

    Security to internal borders;internal security Frontier Constabulary

    Traffic management on national

    highways

    NH&MP

    51

    contd.

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    Core Tasks Organization

    Police Leadership & Management;national focal point on all police-

    related matters

    National Police Bureau

    Policing along the railways Railways Police

    Counter-terrorism NACTA

    Police learning and development National Police Academy

    Welfare and enterprise development Police Foundation

    Limiting trafficking and distribution of

    narcotics

    ANF

    Policing in federal territory, AJK, GB ICTP, GBP, AJKP

    52

    contd.

    Typical Functional Formations of

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    Traffic Police

    SPECIALIZED AGENCIES

    Reserve

    Constabulary

    Training

    CiDSpecial Branch

    Highway and Patrolling Police

    FIELD FORMATIONS

    Capital City

    Police

    City Police

    Investigations

    Elite/TacticalVVIP Security

    District Police

    Police CollegeRegional Police

    PROVINCIAL POLICE HEADQUARTERS

    Investigation

    Branch

    Typical Functional Formations of

    Provincial Police

    53

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    Generic Provincial Organization Chart

    5454

    PPO / IGP

    Addl IGP

    CID

    Addl IGP

    Spl Br

    Addl IGP

    Inv Br

    Comdt

    PC

    DIG

    Hqrs

    CCPO

    LahoreCPO (4)

    PSO

    RPOs(7)

    AIG /

    Ops

    AIGDiscipline

    DIGs(2)

    DIGInv

    DIGCrime

    Addl IGPDir R & D

    Addl IGPW & F

    Addl IGPT & T

    Addl IGPEPF

    Addl IGPEstt

    Addl IGPPHP

    Addl IGPTraining

    ComdtSihala

    DIGTraffic

    AIGDev

    AIGAdmn

    AIGLegal

    DPRDirector

    SIUDIGI & V

    Dy ComdtPC

    Addl IGP

    CID

    Addl IGP

    Spl Br

    Addl IGP

    Inv Br

    Comdt

    PC

    DIG

    Hqrs

    CCPO

    LahoreCPO (4)

    PSO

    RPOs

    AIG /

    Ops

    AIGDiscipline

    DIGs DIGInv

    DIGCrime

    Addl IGPDir R & D

    Addl IGPW & F

    Addl IGPT & T

    Addl IGPEPF

    Addl IGPEstt

    Addl IGPPHP

    Addl IGPTraining

    ComdtSihala

    AIGDev

    AIGAdmn

    AIGLegal

    DPRDirector

    SIUDIGI & V

    Dy ComdtPC

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    Human Resource Management

    Recruitment

    Initial recruitment at ASP level through FPSC

    Induction of army officers as ASP

    55

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    Professional Learning and Development

    Induction Training

    CTP at Civil Services Academy

    STP (ICC) at National Police Academy

    Hands-on field training

    56

    Contd

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    57

    Contd

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    Training Content of ICC

    Law Subjects

    Professional learning modules

    Physical PT & Parade

    Weapon Handling & Musketry

    58

    Continued learning and development

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    Continued learning and development MCMC

    SMC

    NMC

    Specialized professional training courses

    Foreign/International training activities

    59

    P bl A i L i d

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    Problem Areas in Learning and

    Development

    Focus on physical training, drill and musketry than on

    cultivation of professional skills and attitudes.

    Training content not commensurate with on-ground needs.

    No National Policy on Police Learning &

    Development/Training.

    No cascading of newly learnt skills, concepts and techniques

    Impact of Security Situation on Training

    6060

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    Contd

    Promotion

    Promotion policy formulated by Federal Government in

    consultation with Provincial Governments.

    Seniority cum fitness & mandatory training based promotion by

    Federal Government

    BS-17 to BS-18 : 05 years

    BS-18 to BS-19 : 12 years

    BS-19 to BS-20 : 17 years

    BS-20 to BS-21 : 22 years

    BS-21 to BS-22 : 02 years service in BS-21

    61

    Problem Areas in Human Resource

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    Management

    Inadequacies in Career Planning.

    Politicization of postings/transfers of PSP officers.

    Rapid change of policies and regulatory environment.

    Cadre strength does not reflect expanding size of provincial and

    federal police/LE organizations.

    Disillusionment & demotivation.

    Want of PSP representation in Establishment Division.

    62

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    Allocation of Financial Resources

    Province/Unit Strength Budget 2011-12 (Rs.in billions)

    Punjab Police 177,492 52.00

    Sindh Police 102,000 29.00

    KP Police 52,000 21.00

    Baluchistan Police 19,000 07.00

    Islamabad Police 20,000 04.00

    Total 370,000 113.00

    63Source: National Police Bureau

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    64

    MANAGEMENT STYLE

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    Decision Making and Management Style

    Traditionally hierarchical, regimented and militarized

    organizations.

    Function under laws, highly defined rule systems and strict

    operational guidelines. Work under high levels of stress emanating from multiple

    sources.

    Large power distance.

    Decision-making mostly downstream from top to bottom.

    65

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    67

    CHALLENGES

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    Increasing

    demand for

    service

    delivery

    1. Obsolete policing model & lack of

    modern policing skills

    2. Professionalization

    3. Internal working procedures

    4. Disconnect with communities

    Demand for service

    68

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    Population growth and youth bulge

    Inter-institutional mistrust

    Deepening sectarian and ethnic

    cleavages

    Inadequate intelligence

    Poor analytical capacity

    Ineffective strategies

    Deteriorating

    Public Order

    Public Order

    69

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    70/90

    First line of defence

    Visible targets (2003-2011 - 4364 killed 10000

    injured)*

    Constrained access to information

    Intelligence fusing and actionable

    intelligence Asymmetric abilities

    * South Asian Terrorism portal

    Terrorism

    and

    Militancy

    Terrorism

    70

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    71/90

    1. Regulatory environment

    2. Career planning and work environ

    3. Continuous learning and development

    4. Access to information

    5. Leveraging of community resources

    Organizationaland

    management

    capacity

    deficit

    Capacity

    71

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    72/90

    1. Deviance and Corruption

    2. Organizational culture

    3. Community-oriented policing values

    4. Effective and accessible accountability

    5. Citizen-focused policing

    Public

    confidence

    deficit

    Public Confidence

    72

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    73/90

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    74/90

    Cardinal Issues Identified

    1. Nebulous, anomalous and non-uniform legalenvironment.

    2. Deficit in managerial capacity.

    3. Perception that postings and transfers in policinginstitutions are often politically motivated.

    4. Inadequacy of Professional expertise in PSPofficers.

    74

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    75/90

    Contd

    5. Restricted access to information and intelligence tomake intelligence-driven, evidence-based decisions,

    planning and policy formulation.

    6. Policing not responsive to public needs andexpectations.

    7. Ineffective or in accessible accountability

    mechanisms.

    75

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    76/90

    Conclusion

    Environment and demands for policing arechanging and getting more complex and morechallenging.

    PSP officers need more capacity to negotiatethe new challenges and demands.

    76

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    77/90

    77

    RECOMMENDATIONS/POLICY OPTIONS

    /

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    78/90

    Recommendations/policy options

    78

    Issue identified Recommendations

    1. Deficit in

    managerial

    capacity.

    Establish and implement in conjunction

    with provincial governments a Career

    Planning Framework for PSP officers.

    Prepare and notify the Police Rules to fill

    in the yawning gap in the internal working

    procedures of the district police in the new

    institutional environment.

    Contd

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    79/90

    79

    Contd

    Issue identified Recommendations

    1. Nebulous,

    anomalous and

    non-uniform legal

    environment.

    Adapt Police Order 2002 to provincial needs

    maintaining its basic structure and features in

    the provinces.

    Contd

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    80/90

    80

    Contd

    Issue identified Recommendations

    2. Perception that postings

    and transfers in policing

    institutions are often

    politically motivated.

    Strengthen Establishment Division

    with a view to ensure that merit and

    not improper political expedience

    determine these postings.

    Formulate an equitable and stable

    rotation policy to serve in provinces.

    Contd

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    81/90

    81

    Contd

    Issue identified Recommendations

    3. Inadequacy of

    Professional

    expertise in PSP

    officers.

    Provide a framework through which

    learning, development and other solutions

    to achieve organizational objectives are

    identified, designed, delivered andevaluated in a consistent and inclusive way

    across all police and law enforcement

    organizations.

    Establishment of a PSP-specific in-service

    training regime, and its linkage with

    professional development that is informed

    by a continuously TNA process.

    Contd

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    82/90

    82

    Contd

    Issue identified Recommendations

    4.

    Policing not

    responsive topublic needs and

    expectations.

    Developing and promulgating a policy

    framework to ensure that foreign training

    opportunities for PSP are (a) informed by a

    TNA process, relevant to policing needs in the

    country, and (b) those availing the training areassigned positions relevant to acquired

    knowledge and skills.

    Institutionalize community policing principles

    and values across police structures andprocesses including performance evaluation

    embedding problem-solving and partnership

    in all mainstream policing activities.

    Contd

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    83/90

    83

    Co td

    Issue identified Recommendations

    5. Ineffective or

    inaccessible

    accountability

    mechanisms.

    Establish functioning, people friendly and

    accessible mechanisms and procedures for

    Police accountability by empowering

    oversight and managerial bodies like thePublic Safety and Complaints Commissions

    and the National Police Management Board.

    Contd

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    84/90

    84

    Issue identified Recommendations

    6. Restricted access

    to information and

    intelligence to

    make intelligence-

    driven, evidence-

    based decisions,

    planning and policy

    formulation.

    Institutionalize an efficient mechanism

    timely dissemination all intelligence

    relevant to policing and internal security.

    Establish through appropriate legislation

    of a countrywide, standardized and

    integrated data-base of crime statistics.

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    85/90

    85

    CHANGEMANAGEMENT

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    86/90

    Change Management

    Structure as determinant of change in police organizations

    Staged approach:

    Exploration

    Commitment Planning

    Implementation

    Monitoring/Revising

    Ownership by leadership

    PSP officers as change agents

    86

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    87/90

    87

    RELEVANCE OF PSP TO

    CHANGING PARADIGM & LIKELY

    FUTURE EVOLUTION

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    88/90

    Strengths of PSP

    Represents Federal Government

    Diverse and country-wide experience

    More public confidence

    Capable of innovation

    Ability to work in stressful conditions

    88

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    89/90

    Relevance of PSP

    The changing paradigm of governance is posing new

    challenges with respect policing service delivery.

    No development without effective policing.

    PSP officers must transform itself into a modern professionalservice capable of providing meaningful leadership to police

    in 21st century

    Align attitudes and culture with democratic values.

    Citizen-centric policing.

    No effective policing without adequate resources.

    89

  • 7/30/2019 SGP PSP TAK 2012

    90/90

    Thanks

    God Bless You All!