Seminar - 10th Sem

8/18/2019 Seminar - 10th Sem

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HOARDING, BLACK MARKETING AND ADULTERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF

WHITE COLLAR CRIMES

A SEMINAR REPORT

Presented to

THE ARMY INSTITUTE OF LAW, MOHALI

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF DEGREE OF B.A., L.L.B

V YEAR OF THE PAPER III

AN!ULY "#$%&'

S()*+tted )- Ro/n S/r*/

01/ss /nd Se2t+on- 3t e/r, Se2t+on B


2/10

INTRODUCTION

It +s 2o**on 4no51ed6e t/t 2ert/+n 7ro8ess+ons /nd 7()1+2 o88+2ers o88er 1(2r/t+9e

o77ort(n+t+es 8or 2r+*+n/1 /2ts /nd (net+2/1 7r/2t+2es to te 7ro8ess+on/1 : 7ersons

o22(7+n6 te 7()1+2 o88+2es 5+2 /rd1, /ttr/2ted 7()1+2 /ttent+on /s 5e11 /s o8 te

1e6+s1/t(re. In te e/r %;t o8

2o**(n+t 9/1(e. An +nd+9+d(/1 e9/1(/t+on o8 5/t +s or +s not de9+/nt /11o5s 8or /

s()?e2t+9e /77ro/2 t/t so8tens te s2+ent+8+2 o)?e2t+9+t o8 2r+*+no1o6. Add+t+on/11,

te A*er+2/n sste* o8 2r+*+n/1 ?(st+2e 5/s )(+1t (7on te 7re*+se o8 +nd+9+d(/1

2(17/)+1+t. T+s 7resents d+88+2(1t+es 5en 2r+*+n/1 /2ts +n9o19e / 2o11e2t+9e. Te 7en/1t

7/se o8 / 2r+*+n/1 /2t+on 5/s ne9er *e/nt to +*7ose s/n2t+ons /6/+nst 6ro(7s or

or6/n+@/t+ons. So2+o1o6+sts 2ontend te ter* +tse18 +s 8(nd/*ent/11 81/5ed. St(d+es /9e

so5n te 9/st */?or+t o8 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*es /re 2/rr+ed o(t ) +nd+9+d(/1s 2o*7r+s+n6

te *+dd1e /nd 1o5er 21/sses o8 so2+et, 5+to(t re6/rd to te 2o1o(r o8 te+r 2o11/r.

So2+o1o6 9+e5s 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e not 8ro* / st/t(tor or 1e6/1 de8+n+t+on, )(t r/ter /s /

21/ss d+st+n2t+on e*7/s+@+n6 te d+s7/r+t )et5een te tre/t*ent o8 te r+2 /nd te 7oor.


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In */n 2/ses, te *ot+9/t+on 1e/d+n6 to te 2o**+ss+on o8 / 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e +s

d+re2t1 re1/ted to so2+o!e2ono*+2 st/t(s. Te de8+n+t+on/1 2on81+2t )et5een so2+o1o6 /nd

2r+*+no1o6 /s 1ed to 5/t /s )een ter*ed ster+1e de8+n+t+on/1 d+s7(tes. Te 6enes+s o8

te ter* +s 2red+ted to So2+o1o6+st Ed5+n S(ter1/nd +n %;; /nd s+*71 st/tes t/t 5+te2o11/r 2r+*e +s te /)(se o8 7o5er ) /n +nd+9+d(/1, s+t(/ted +n / +6 71/2e, 5ere)

9+rt(e o8 t/t 7os+t+on te /re 7ro9+ded 5+t o77ort(n+t+es 8or s(2 /)(se. T+s rese/r2

/s re8erred to 2r+*es o8 7ro8ess+on/1 o22(7/t+ons /s / )e/9+o(r /9+n6 )een st/t(tor+1

de8+ned /s 2r+*+n/1, 2o**+tted ) /n +nd+9+d(/1 5o /s o)t/+ned / 7ro8ess+on/1

o22(7/t+on/1 7os+t+on 5ere te tr(st +nerent to t/t 7os+t+on 8/2+1+t/tes te 2o**+ss+on

o8 s(2 2r+*e. Pro8ess+on/1 5+11 re8er to o22(7/t+on/1 7rest+6e r/ter t/n 2/reer

2r+*+n/1+t. T+s rese/r2 /s /tte*7ted to o88er /n e>71/n/t+on /s to 5 / 7ro8ess+on/1

7r/2t+t+oner */ 2o**+t / 2r+*+n/1 /2t 8/2+1+t/ted ) o22(7/t+on /8ter 1+9+n6 / 1+8e o8

re1/t+9e 2on8or*+t to so2+et/1 nor*s.


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Meaning and Definition of W!ite Co""a# C#i$e%

In / %;; *eet+n6 o8 te A*er+2/n So2+o1o6+2/1 So2+et, Ed5+n S(ter1/nd 7ro88ered te

ter* 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*+n/1%. He de8+ned te 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*+n/1 /s /n 7erson o8 +6

so2+o!e2ono*+2 st/t(s 5o 2o**+ts / 1e6/1 9+o1/t+on +n te 2o(rse o8 te+r )(s+ness

/2t+9+t+es.

S(ter1/nds de8+n+t+on e*7/s+@ed te o88ender o9er te 2r+*e /nd te ro1e o8 tr(st /nd

7o5er +n 7ro9+d+n6 te *e/ns /nd o77ort(n+t to 2o**+t de9+/nt /2ts. For /18 / 2ent(r

s+n2e, S(ter1/nds de8+n+t+on o8 te 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*+n/1 /s )een te s()?e2t o8 *(2

de)/te /nd 2ontro9ers. S7e2+8+2 2r+t+2+s*s 7o+nt o(t +s (se o8 /r)+tr/r ter*s t/t 2/nnot

)e C(/nt+8+ed, s(2 /s +6 so2+o!e2ono*+2 st/t(s, res7e2t/)1e /nd )(s+ness /2t+9+t+es.

Des7+te o8 *ore t/n 8+8t e/rs o8 de)/te /nd st(d, no 2onsens(s /s )een re/2ed,

de8+n+n6 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e +s /n en+6*/. Te on1 8/2t re6/rd+n6 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e +s

t/t no o22(7/t+on +s e>e*7t or (nto(2ed ) +t. One on1 needs to 7+24 (7 te 7/7er,

5/t2 te ne5s, or s(r8 te Internet to /22e7t te st/te*ent /s /n />+o*. Ho5e9er, /n

o22(7/t+on 5+2 so2+et 9+e5s /s / 7ro8ess+on */ o88er tose +nd+9+d(/1s 5+t te

*ot+9/t+on to 2o**+t / 2r+*e, /s 5e11 /s 6re/ter *e/ns /nd o77ort(n+t to /22o*71+s

2o*71e> s2e*es t/t /re ne/r1 (ndete2t/)1e to tose o7er/t+n6 o(ts+de te 7ro8ess+on.

A22ord+n6 to Ed1eere An +11e6/1 /2t or ser+es o8 +11e6/1 /2ts 2o**+tted ) non!7s+2/1

4+nds o8 *e/ns /nd ) 2on2e/1*ent or 6(+1t, to o)t/+n *one or 7ro7ert or to o)t/+n

)(s+ness /d9/nt/6e

1 S(ter1/nd, E. H. "%;


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A22ord+n6 to Feder/1 B(re/( o8 In9est+6/t+on Tose +11e6/1 /2ts 5+2 /re 2/r/2ter+@ed

) de2e+t 2on2e/1*ent or 9+o1/t+on o8 tr(st /nd 5+2 /re not de7endent (7on te

/771+2/t+on or tre/t o8 7s+2/1 8or2e or 9+o1/t+ons.

A22ord+n6 to P/(1 T/77/n W+te 2o11/r 2r+*e +s / s7e2+/1 t7e o8 so1+t/r 7ro8ess+on/12r+*+n/1+t. It +n9o19es re/1 9+o1/t+on o8 2r+*+n/1 1/5 sste*/t+2/11 or re7e/ted )

)(s+ness, 7ro8ess+on/1 /nd 21er+2/1 5or4ers +n /dd+t+on to te+r o22(7/t+on.

A22ord+n6 to S+r W/1ter Re241ess W+te 2o11/r 2r+*e re7resent te o88en2e o8

)(s+ness*en 5o /re +n 7os+t+on to deter*+ne te 7o1+2+es /nd /2t+9+t+es o8 )(s+ness.


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W!ite &o""a# i$e in India%

In Ind+/ W+te 0o11/r 2r+*e *e/ns /nd +n21(des */n+7(1/t+on o8 8(nds or +n sto24

e>2/n6es or *+sre7resent/t+on +n /d9ert+s+n6 or +n 8+n/n2+/1 st/te*ents o8 / 2or7or/t+on

or 9+o1/t+ons o8 1/)o(r 1/5s, 2o7r+6t, 7/tent 1/5s et2. 5+2 +s */+n1 ?o) or+ented +.e.

5+2 o22(rs d(r+n6 te 2o(rse o8 ones o22(7/t+on )(t /ss/(1t+n6 / 7erson/1 se2ret/r )

er )oss 5+11 not 2onst+t(te /s W+te 0o11/r 2r+*e.

W+1e resort+n6 to S(ter1/nd +t 5/s 9er *(2 /d9ent t/t 2r+*es 2o**+tted ) te

7eo71e o8 H+6 So2+/1 St/t(s 5+11 /*o(nt to W+te 0o11/r 2r+*e. B(t +n Ind+/, te

s+t(/t+on +s tot/11 d+88erent. In Ind+/ *ost1 W+te 0o11/r 2r+*es /re 2o**+tted ) te

7eo71e o8 1o5er so2+/1 str/t/ +n te+r o22(7/t+on/1 2/7/2+t /s /d(1ter/t+on o8 *+14 ) te

*+14 */n, se11+n6 /d(1ter/ted 8ood ) te so74ee7er, se11+n6 e>7+red *ed+2+ne, t/4+n6

o(t 8e5 4+1os o8 6/s 8ro* te 21+nder /nd so on.

W+1e resort+n6 to W+te 0o11/r 2r+*e +n Ind+/ )(s+ness*en (sed to en6/6e te*se19es +n

T/> E9/s+on /nd T/> /9o+d/n2e or 9+o1/t+on o8 te Fore+6n E>2/n6e re6(1/t+ons )

(nder +n9o+2+n6 o8 e>7orts or ) o9er +n9o+2+n6 o8 +*7orts.

Tr/ders +n Ind+/ 5ere not so 8/r )e+nd +n 2re/t+n6 /n +rre7/r/)1e d/*/6e to te so2+et /t

1/r6e. Te /9e */+n1 en6/6ed te*se19es +n o/rd+n6, 7ro8+teer+n6 /nd )1/24

*/r4et+n6 o8 te essent+/1 2o**od+t+es. Moreo9er so*et+*es 8or *onet/r 6/+ns te

(sed to en6/6e te*se19es +n /d(1ter/t+on o8 8oods 5+2 */ t(rn d/n6ero(s to /

7ersons 1+8e.

To 2o**ent s7e2+8+2/11 on Ind+/n tr/ders 8or B1/24 M/r4et+n6 o8 te essent+/1

2o**od+t+es, 7ro8+teer+n6 /nd Ho/rd+n6, Mono7o1+es InC(+r 0o**+ss+on 6/9e / 6r/7+2

/22o(nt o8 t/t +n te 8o11o5+n6 5ords /s Tere +s /rd1 /n)od +n Ind+/ 5o /s

not )een / 9+2t+* o8 te 7r/2t+2e o8 o/rd+n6, 2orner+n6 /nd 7ro8+teer+n6. Wene9er tere

+s / s1+6t sort/6e e9en te*7or/r +n /n 2ons(*er 6oods 8or 5+2 te de*/nd +s


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(r6ent /nd +ne1/st+2, /1*ost e9er tr/der +t +s 7er/7s (nne2ess/r to (se te

C(/1+8+2/t+on /1*ost 2on2e/1s +s sto24 /nd )1+nd1 te11s te 2(sto*ers t/t e /s not

6ot te 2o**od+t

+n sto24...In te 2o(rse o8 te+r rese/r2 Pro8. H(6 B/r1o5 /nd S(ter1/nd re7e/ted1 7o+nted o(t

t/t W+te 0o11/r 2r+*e 5/s *ore d/n6ero(s t/n /n ord+n/r street 2r+*e )e2/(se te

8+n/n2+/1 1oss to te so2+et 8ro* W+te 0o11/r 2r+*es +s 7ro)/)1 6re/ter t/n te

8+n/n2+/1 1oss 8ro* ord+n/r )(r61/r, te8t or ro))er+es.

A22ord+n6 to V. R. r+sn/ Ier, . e2ono*+2 o88en2es o8ten /re s()t1e *(rders 7r/2t+sed

on te 2o**(n+t or s/)ot/6e o8 te n/t+on/1 e2ono*. So +t */ )e ter*ed /s te

W+te 0o11/r E2ono*+2 O88en2es#

.

S()seC(ent1 tere/8ter S/nt/n/* 2o**+ttee 5/s /s4ed to re7ort on te *+sdeeds o8 te

e1+tes to t/t 2orr(7t+on 2/n )e tr/2ed. S/nt/n/* 2o**+ttee 6/9e / 6r/7+2 /22o(nt o8

te *+sdeeds o8 )(s+ness*en /nd +nd(str+/1+sts +n te 8o11o5+n6 5ords 0orr(7t+on 2/n

e>+st on1 +8 tere +s so*eone 5+11+n6 to 2orr(7t /nd 2/7/)1e o8 2orr(7t+n6. We re6ret to

s/ t/t )ot tese 5+11+n6ness /nd 2/7/2+t to 2orr(7t +s 8o(nd +n / 1/r6e *e/s(re +n te

+nd(str+/1 /nd te 2o**er2+/1 21/sses.

T5o +nst/n2es o8 e*)e@@1e*ent /nd 8r/(d /s 7ro9+ded ) / re7ort */de ) V+9+/n Bose

0o**+ss+on /re Notor+o(s D/1*+/!/+n /nd M(ndr/ 2/se +n 5+2 1oss /*o(nted

5ere est+*/ted /t Rs. .3 2rores .<

In s7+te o8 te 8/2t t/t / 1/r6e n(*)er o8 e2ono*+2 o88en2es /9e )een (ne/rted +n o(r

2o(ntr s(2 /s te Se2(r+t+es S2/*, H/5/1/ S2/*, Ure/ S2/*, S(6/r S2/*, B/n4+n6

S2/*, Te1e!0o**(n+2/t+on S2/*, Fodder S2/*, St/*7 s2/* et2. /nd /n e88ort 8ro* te

6o9ern*ent o8 /77o+nt+n6 n(*ero(s 0o**+ss+ons /s V+9+/n Bose 0o**+ss+on, B/4s+

2 H/s/n A1+s T/> E9/s+on #$%$.

3 Te L/5ers, W+te 2o11/r e2ono*+2 o88en2e, O2t #$%$, 76.no.#%.

4 S/nt/n/* 0o**+ttee Re7ort, 76.no.$.


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Te4 0/nd 0o**+ttee, 7/r1+/*ent/r 2o**+ttee on te ?ee7 s2/nd/1, R/+15/ 2orr(7t+on

InC(+r 0o**+ss+on, S/d/s+9/* 2o**+ttee o8 enC(+r, S. R. R/ 0o**+ss+on o8 InC(+r,

S. R. D/s 0o**+ss+on, M.0. 0/61/ 0o**+ttee /nd */n *ore +n 5+2 to(s/nds o8

2rores o8 r(7ees 5ere +n9o19ed, s(r7r+s+n61 no o88enders /9e )een 2on9+2ted so 8/r.Hoa#ding, B"a&' Ma#'eting and Ad("te#ation%

Te 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*es 5+2 /re 2o**on to Ind+/n tr/de /nd )(s+ness 5or1d /re

o/rd+n6, 7ro8+teer+n6 /nd )1/24 */r4et+n6. V+o1/t+on o8 8ore+6n e>2/n6e re6(1/t+ons3

/nd +*7ort /nd e>7ort 1/5s /re 8reC(ent1 resorted to 8or te s/4e o8 (6e 7ro8+ts. T/t

/7/rt, /d(1ter/t+on o8 8oodst(88s, ed+)1es /nd dr(6s 5+2 2/(se +rre7/r/)1e d/n6er to

7()1+2 e/1t +s et /noter 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e 2o**on +n Ind+/.&

Te 0ons(*er Prote2t+on A2t, %;&= te N/r2ot+2 Dr(6s /nd Ps2otro7+2 S()st/n2es

A2t %;3"NDPS' Mono7o1+es /nd Tr/de Restr+2t+9e Pr/2t+2es "A*end*ent' A2t, %;;#

te 1/5 0o**+ss+on o8 Ind+/ /s s(66ested dr/st+2 *e/s(res /6/+nst s(2 o88enders. In

te 0o**+ss+ons o)ser9/t+on, te ted+o(s 7rose2(t+on 7ro2ess +n9o19ed +n te tr+/1 o8

s(2 2/ses 8r(str/tes te 2/(se o8 ?(st+2e /nd o8ten res(1ts +n (n?(st+8+ed /2C(+tt/1 d(e to

de8e2t+9e re7ort o8 te /n/1st or de1/ +n e>/*+n/t+on o8 s/*71es or 1/24 o8 1e6/1

e>7ert+se et2.J

Ho/rd+n6 /nd )1/24 */r4et+n6 o8 essent+/1 6ood /nd 2o**od+t+es +s one o8 te */+n

8or*s o8 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e. It +s 8reC(ent1 done ) te tr/ders /nd )(s+ness 2o**(n+t+es

+n Ind+/. A22ord+n6 to S(ter1/nd te */+n 2/(se +s te r/7+d 7/2e o8 so2+/1 2/n6e /nd

+n te2n+2/1 2o*71+2/t+ons o8 )(s+ness /88/+rs to (net+2/1 )(s+ness 7r/2t+2es. Wene9er

5 Te 0onser9/t+on o8 Fore+6n E>2/n6e /nd Pre9ent+on o8 S*(661+n6 A2t+9+t+es A2t, %;J< /s /*ended

+n %;; "A2t No. 3# o8 %;;' 5.e.8. #3!&!%;;, See /1so Te S*(661ers : Fore+6n E>2/n6e

M/n+7(1/tors, "For8e+t(re o8 Pro7ert' A2t, %;J&.

6 Te 0ons(*er Prote2t+on A2t, %;&= te N/r2ot+2 Dr(6s /nd Ps2otro7+2 S()st/n2es A2t %;3"NDPS'

Mono7o1+es /nd Tr/de Restr+2t+9e Pr/2t+2es "A*end*ent' A2t, %;;# /re en/2ted to 7re9ent tese o88en2es

5+2 /88e2t te 7()1+2 e/1t.

7 L/5 0o**+ss+on o8 Ind+/,


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tere +s / s1+6t sort/6e e9en +n te*7or/r 8or* 8or 6oods, /1*ost e9er tr/der 2on2e/1s

+s sto24 /nd )1+nd1 te/1s te 2(sto*ers /)o(t non!/9/+1/)+1+t o8 2o**od+t +n sto24.

S(2 )1/24 */r4eters /nd o/rders /re 5+24ed, /nt+!so2+/1 /nd 2r+*+n/1.

Con&"(ion%

Gro5+n6 +nd+s2+71+ne 7re9/+1+n6 /t te )(s+ness /nd +nd(str /d9erse1 /88e2ts te ent+re

so2+et /nd set 7/2e to /11 o(r 7resent so2+/1 7ro)1e*s. En6/6ed +n 2o**er2+/1 or

+nd(str+/1 /2t+9+t+es /nd de/1+n6 5+t 9/st reso(r2es, )(s+ness (n+ts /s 7/rt o8 te+r

+nd(str+/1, 2o**er2+/1 or oter /2t+9+t+es )(+1d 5+de +nter/2t+ons 5+t te 6o9ern*ent /nd

7()1+2 /(tor+t+es. Pro*7ted ) 6reed /nd te des+re 8or */4+n6 C(+24 or e/s *one, /nd

7ossessed 5+t 9/st reso(r2es 6/rnered tro(6 )1/24 *one o/rd+n6, tere +s /deC(/te

s2o7e 8or )(s+ness*en /nd +nd(str+/1+st +n t+s en9+ron*ent to (se 5ron6 5/s o8 6ett+n6

te+r t+n6s /2+e9ed. W+te 2o11/r 2r+*e +s 8(e1ed ) 6reed. It +s /n /tte*7t to 1oo4 8or

sort 2(t *e/ns 8or 6ett+n6 C(+24 *one. B(s+ness /nd +nd(str 7ro*ote 5+te 2o11/r

2r+*es /nd 7()1+2 ser9+2e tr+9es /s te )ene8+2+/r o8 t+s e9+1 so(r2e o8 e/rn+n6s.

Gr/d(/11 W+te 0o11/r 2r+*es /2C(+re /nd est/)1+s / 71/2e 5+t+n te so2+et.

W+te 0o11/r 0r+*es /re /r*8(1 8or te e2ono* o8 te 2o(ntr. Present 1/5s /re

+ns(88+2+ent to 2ontro1 te 5+te 2o11/r 2r+*e 5+2 d+re2t1 /tt/24 on te e2ono* o8 te

n/t+on /s 5e11 /s 7ro9+des te 8/2+1+t o8 2orr(7t+on +n e/2 /nd e9er 71/2e o8 )(s+ness

/nd 7ro8ess+on.

At t+s 7resent ?(n2t(re 5/t 5e need +s te stren6ten+n6 o8 o(r en8or2e*ent /6en2+es

s(2 /s 0entr/1 B(re/( o8 In9est+6/t+on, te En8or2e*ent D+re2tor/te et2.

Gener/1 7()1+2 *(st not /9o+d )e+n6 en6/6ed te*se19es +n te 7rose2(t+on o8 te W+te!

2o11/r 2r+*+n/1s /s te o88en2e +n 6ener/1 +s d+re2ted to5/rds te*.


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Seminar - 10th Sem

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