Rwanda - World Bankspappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/rw.pdf · 2016. 10. 13. · Ò...

Rwanda

Acknowledgments

The (I)NDC Content Briefs were produced by the Climate Policy

Team of the World Bank Climate Change Group. The team was led

by Sebastian Wienges and Ana Bucher under the supervision of

Stephen Alan Hammer. Detail analysis of country (I)NDC was

provided by Tom Witt, Jiawei Song, Karan Chouksey (mitigation

components), Yin Qiu, Yunziyi Lang, and Prajwal Baral (adaptation

components). The team is grateful for all comments and

suggestions received from regional and sector specialists

regarding the presentation and synthesis of relevant information.

© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. Internet: www.worldbank.org

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | Rwanda | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Introduction In response to a growing interest in understanding (Intended) Nationally DeterminedContributions ((I)NDCs) and with regard to the ultimate goal of supporting countries'implementation of their national climate targets, the World Bank Climate Policy Team (WBCPT) has

reviewed all developing countries (I)NDCs' submitted to the UNFCCC. The (I)NDC Content Brief

aims to provide a summary analysis of existing and instead country mitigation and adaptation

policies and plans, commitments and targets, implementation strategies and sector priorities,

associated costs and conditionalities, and stated gaps and needs, among other issues.

The (I)NDC content briefs are created solely on the basis of information from submitted(I)NDCs and makes no inferences about robustness, quality, or viability of intended policiesor actions.

The (I)NDCs review will help implementing organizations like the World Bank Group (WBG) identify

and familiarize with a range of country priorities in terms of sectoral engagement, and needs in

terms of capacity building, technology transfer, and financing. Based on this comprehensive

mapping exercise, the WBG will develop a useful, easytouse, and interactive database and briefs

of all (I)NDCs to inform a wide range of WBG initiatives and client engagement processes, including

the development of Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and Country Partnership Frameworks

(CPFs), and at a later stage respond to the more specific requests from all WBG Global Practices

(GPs), regions, and country units for the identification of potential development opportunities,

analytical studies and technical assistance to support countries' implementation of planned policies

and actions. Indepth summaries of (I)NDCs by sectors and regions will be prepared at a later stage.

In regards to Adaptation, although no global adaptation mechanism is established, the ParisAgreement parties are required to engage in adaptation planning and implementation of actions

which include preparation of adaptation plans. The Adaptation section of a large number of

submitted (I)NDCs, aims to increase development planning and scale the ability of countries to

adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse

gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten sustainable development. In

addition to requested finance, the implementation of country commitments is largely tied to

significant amounts of external assistance to support development and execution of adaptation

plans. Although subsequent (I)NDCs are not explicitly required to have an adaptation component,

the process will ensure increased resilience is recognized under the UNFCCC and climate finance

mobilization is enhanced with an aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation flows.



Table of Contents

I Overall Planning and Preparation Process

II Mitigation

Economywide Targets

Economywide Policies

Mitigation Actions and Policies

III Adaptation

Adaptation Targets

Adaptation Context

Adaptation Actions and Policies

Acronyms

BAU Business as Usual NAMA Nationally Appropriate MitigationActions

CIFPPCR Climate Investment Funds PilotProgram for Climate Resilience

NAP National Adaptation Plan

DRM Disaster Risk Management NAPA National Adaptation Programmesof Action

INDC Intended Nationally DeterminedContributions

REDD+ Reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forestdegradation and the role ofconservation, sustainablemanagement of forests andenhancement of forest carbonstocks in developing countries

LEDS Low Emission DevelopmentStrategy

LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Changeand Forestry

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Overall Planning and Preparation Process

How reliable is the prioritization of the (I)NDC? How serious is thegovernment about implementing policies and actions to achieve the (I)NDCtargets?

Political decision of adoption of INDC at:Head of state level

Interministerial level

Parliament

Ministry LevelMINISTRY OF NATURALRESOURCES (MINIRENA)

Technical development of INDC through a participatory processStakeholder involvement YES

Multisector commision YES

Have development benefits been assessed and considered in the planningprocess?

YES

Are there climate policies and actions already in place/under development?

LEDS YES

NAMAS

NAPA YES


$24.15 (in Billion USD) TOTAL COST OF IMPLEMENTATION (mitigation and adaptation)


Existing policies:Vision 2020

Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy

Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (2011)

National Strategy for Climate Change and Low Carbon Development Strategy

National Adaptation Programmes of Action for Climate Change (NAPA)

Has the INDC development been supported by a development partner?Technical support

Financial support GEF THROUGH UNEP

Implementation Plans and Needs

Specific requests for international provision of means of implementation:Technology Transfer YES

Financial support YES

Capacity Building YES

Does the INDC intend the private sector to be involved in theimplementation of the NDC?

YES

Are carbon pricing/international market mechanisms intended?YES

Are there any barriers identified?

Link list:• Rwanda INDC Factsheet (projected per capita emissions): http://www.climateenergycollege.net/files/site1/factsheets/Rwanda_INDCFactsheet_UoMPRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf


http://www.climate-energy-college.net/files/site1/factsheets/Rwanda_INDCFactsheet_UoM-PRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf

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Mitigation

ECONOMY-WIDE TARGETS

Conditionality: INDC page link

Unconditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:

Coverage of Gases: CO , N O, CH

Other Targets:

POLICIES:Set emission standards for vehicles and enforce them with inspections

Targeted subsidies for retrofits

Tax reduction on imports of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

TARGET YEAR

2030TARGET TYPE

N/AN/A

(in Billion USD)

COST OFIMPLEMENTATION

2 2 4



MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESENERGY Plans:

Energy: General P. 14

Renewable Energy P. 5

Renewable Energy: Solar P. 14

Renewable Energy: Hydro P. 14

Gas-to-Power P. 5

Energy Efficiency P. 15

Demand-Side Efficiency: Industries P. 19

Demand-Side Efficiency P. 15

Supply-Side Efficiency: Grid/Energy Loss Reduction P. 15

Clean Cooking and Heating: Cleaner Household Fuels P. 16

Mini-Grids

Renewable Energy: Biofuels

Gas

Clean Cooking and Heating: Efficient Cookstoves


http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=14http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=5http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=14http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=14http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=5http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=15http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=19http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=15http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=15http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=16

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

RENEWABLE

ENERGYPlans: INDC page link

Increase share of renewable energy in power generation P. 5

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:


Emission reduction potential:


http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=5

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RENEWABLE

ENERGY: SOLARPlans: INDC page link

Construction of plants P. 14



Technology needs:








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RENEWABLE

ENERGY: HYDROPlans: INDC page link

Construction of plants P. 14



Technology needs:








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ENERGY

EFFICIENCYPlans: INDC page link

Demand side management: efficiency programs to clip electrical peakdemand

P. 15



Technology needs:








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146 ktCO2e



DEMAND-SIDE

EFFICIENCY:

INDUSTRIES

Plans: INDC page link

Energy efficient tea and coffee industry by 2030 P. 19



Technology needs:








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DEMAND-SIDE

EFFICIENCYPolicies: INDC page link

Targeted subsidies for retrofits P. 17



Technology needs:







Distribution of compact flourescent lights P. 15



Technology needs:







http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=17http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=15

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SUPPLY-SIDE

EFFICIENCY:

GRID/ENERGY LOSS

REDUCTION

Targets: INDC page link

Reduce grid losses from 23% to 7.8% by 2030 P. 16



Technology needs:







Construction of new transmission lines P. 15



Technology needs:







http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=16http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=15

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MINI-GRIDSTargets: INDC page link

100 solar PV mini-grids in rural areas (capacity of up to 9.4 MWp) P. 14



Technology needs:








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35,000 installation of domestic biogasdigesters by 2030; 50% increase in charcoalproduction by 2030

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RENEWABLE

ENERGY: BIOFUELSTargets: INDC page link

35,000 installation of domestic biogas digesters by 2030; 50% increase incharcoal production by 2030

P. 17



Technology needs:








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GASPolicies: INDC page link

Tax reduction on imports of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) P. 17



Technology needs:








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CLEAN COOKING

AND HEATING:

EFFICIENT

COOKSTOVES


100% improved cook stoves in all households by 2030



Technology needs:








MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESTRANSPORT Plans:

Public Transport P. 18

Transportation Infrastructure P. 18

Transportation Planning P. 18

Transportation Fuels P. 19

Aviation P. 19

Vehicle Fleet P. 18,19

BRT

Transport: General


http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=18http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=18http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=18http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=19http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=19http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=18,19

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VEHICLE FLEETPolicies: INDC page link

Set emission standards for vehicles and enforce them with inspections P. 17



Technology needs:







Renewal of fleet P. 18,19



Technology needs:







http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=17http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Rwanda/1/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf#page=18,19

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1.26 MtCO2e



BRTTargets: INDC page link

17 km BRT main corridor construction and 6 modern interchanges P. 18



Technology needs:









MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESWASTE Plans:

Waste-to-Energy P. 21

Waste: General



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586 ktCO2e



WASTE-TO-ENERGYPlans: INDC page link

Urban waste management, utilization of Landfill Gas (LFG) P. 21



Technology needs:









MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESINDUSTRIES Plans:

Industries: General P. 19



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SUSTAINABLE

FOREST

MANAGEMENT


Reduction in wood use resulting in 5.77 MtCO2e less emissions by 2030 P. 22



Technology needs:








N/A

N/A


Adaptation

ADAPTATION TARGETS

ADAPTATION CONTEXT

Existing National Development/Resilience Policies and Plans

National Communications

NAPs

NAPAS YES

CIF-PPCRsGREEN GROWTH AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE STRATEGY(2011)

Sectoral Strategies

Cross-cutting

NATIONAL STRATEGY FORCLIMATE CHANGE AND LOWCARBON DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ANDPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYVISION 2020

Conditionality:

Unconditional part of adaptation implementation

Conditional part of adaptation implementation

Conditional upon international provision of meansof implementation

YES

TARGET YEAR

2030N/A

(in Billion USD)

COST OFIMPLEMENTATION


n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer: technology needs assessment (tna)

Capacity Building: n/a


ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

AGRICULTURE

AGROECOLOGY

Target: INDC page link

100% of the households involved in agriculture production will beimplementing agro forestry sustainable food production by 2030Development and implementation of an intensive agroforestryprogramme with a target of covering 100% of arable land by 2030

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Mainstreaming agro ecology techniques using spatial plant stacking as inagro forestry, kitchen gardens, nutrient recycling, and water conservation tomaximise sustainable food production

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:


n/a

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Technology Transfer:




FOOD SECURITYTarget: INDC page link

Group based organizations involved in agriculture production andrunning agro processing facilities reach 90% of the total operating groupbased organizations in 2030Installed capacity of agro processing installations is to reach 1,200,000MT by 2030 from 400,000 MT12 in 2014100% of farmers with access to services for post harvest treatment andstorage of food cropsReduce post harvest losses to at least 1% by 2030 from 10.4%, 27.4% and8.3% in 2014 for maize, beans and rice respectively

Actions:


Add value to agricultural products through processing to meet its ownmarket demand for food stuffs

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




n/a

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IRRIGATIONTarget: INDC page link

The overall target of the new irrigation programme is to reach 11% by 2030

Actions:


Irrigation and water management

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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LAND AND SOIL

MANAGEMENTTarget: INDC page link

Organic waste use through composting, currently used at a small scale, willbe implemented to reach 100% of the households involved in agricultureproduction countrywide by 2030

Actions:


Soil conservation and land husbandryUsing fertiliser enriched compostUtilising resource recovery and reuse through organic waste compostingand wastewater irrigation

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




n/a

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CROPSActions:


Mainstreaming sustainable pest management techniques to control plantparasites and pathogens

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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LULUCF/FORESTRY

SUSTAINABLE

FOREST

MANAGEMENT


Achieve an overall 30% sustained forest cover of the total national landsurface by 2030 from 28.8% in 2013

Actions:


Promote afforestation/refore station of designated areas throughenhanced germplasm and technical practices in planting and post-planting processesEmploy Improved Forest Management for degraded forest resources

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




n/a

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SUSTAINABLE

LAND

MANAGEMENT


Reduce the plot size for single family houses from current 600 m2 to 300m2 by 2016 and to 225 m2 by 2030

Actions:


Employ an integrated approach to planning and sustainable land usemanagementDevelop National Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to manage the nation’sland information resources and to identify the fundamentaldatasetsrequired to manage land and water resources

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




n/a

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TOURISM

TOURISM:

GENERAL


Business and leisure tourists to increase from 545,000 people in 2012 to1,262,000 people in 2030

Actions:


Maximise business tourism (the largest source of export revenues) throughstrategic conference management in order maximise the distribution andvolume of business travellers thoughout the year

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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DISASTER RISK

MANAGEMENT (DRM)

DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS


Relocate additional 30 000 households from high risk zones by 2030

Actions:


Employ community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) programmesdesigned around local environmental and economic conditions, to mobiliselocal capacity in emergency response, and to reduce locallyspecific hazards

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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MONITORING AND

EVALUATION

SYSTEM

Actions:


Conduct risk assessments and vulnerability mapping

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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EARLY WARNING

SYSTEMActions:


Establish an integrated earlywarning system, and disaster response plans

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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CROSS-CUTTING AREA

CLIMATE SERVICES


All the existing 53 gauging stations will be upgraded to automated realtime data stations by 2030

Actions:


Develop water resource models, improved meteorological services, waterquality testing, and improved hydrorelated information managementImprove observation facilities to provide all climate information necessaryfor future monitoring, climate trend detection, management of climatevariability, early warning and disaster management

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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WATER

WATER

MANAGEMENT

Actions:


Establish a national integrated water resource management frameworkthat incorporates district and communitybased catchment managementDevelop a National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rainwater harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation, andother water efficient technologies

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation




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