Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnvm

cÖ_g LÐ

AveŸvm Avjx Lvb

cÖKvkbv wefvM

evsjv‡`k Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnvm

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cÖKvkK t Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§` gvÕQzg

†Pqvig¨vb, cÖKvkbv wefvM

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Z…Zxq cÖKvk t gvP© - 2011

dvêyb - 1417

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MÖš
Kv‡ii K_v

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Lvwb cÖKvwkZ nq| huvivB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi mv‡_ mwVKfv‡e cwiwPZ

n‡Z Pvb Ges huviv G Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ n‡Z Pvb, Zuv‡`i Aek¨ Aek¨B Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi

BwZnvm gb w`‡q cov DwPZ| Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨, jÿ¨ I Kg©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv jvf Ges

Av`wk©K I gvbwmK cÖwkÿY jv‡fi R‡b¨ G BwZnvm cvV Acwinvh©| BwZnvm I Kvj cwiµgvq †`Lv hvq,

†Kvb GKwU Av‡›`vjb A_ev RvwZ hy‡Mi ci hyM AwZevwnZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz weK…wZ ev

Av`k©Pz¨wZ ïiæ nq| Ggb mg‡q Zvi cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j A_ev cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv bv Ki‡j Ae‡k‡l

Zvi cZb N‡U| wVK †Zgwb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨ GKwU Øxwb Av‡›`vj‡bi m¤¢ve¨ weK…wZ A_ev cZb

†iva Ki‡Z n‡j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi BwZnvm •`bw›`b cvV¨ ZvwjKvq ivL‡Z n‡e|

G BwZnvm hw`I Zvi cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi mvZ eQ‡ii BwZnvm, wKš‧ Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q RvgvqvZ MV‡bi cUf‚wg,

Dcgnv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb ivR‣bwZK cwiw 
̄wZ h_v GKRvZxqZvi wfwˇZ wn› ỳ msL¨vMwiô `‡ji ivgivR¨

cÖwZôvi msKí, msL¨vjNy gymjgvb‡`i‡K msL¨vMwi‡ôi mv‡_ GKvKvi K‡i †`qvi Mfxi lohš¿ cÖf…wZ|

G BwZnv‡m Rvgvqv‡Zi Av`k©, jÿ¨, Kg©c×wZ, Cgvb, Bmjvg, ZvKIqv I Bnmv‡bi mnR mij e¨vL¨v, hv

wb‡q Bmjv‡gi cÖvmv` wbwg©Z n‡Z cv‡i, Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZvKgx©‡`i Acwinvh© ¸Yvejx cÖf…wZ welq¸‡jv

wek`fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|

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cvVK Aek¨B Zvi †_‡K GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi †cÖiYv, Avjøvni mš‧wói R‡b¨ Rxeb wewj‡q †`qvi gbgvbwmKZv

I iƒ‡ni †LvivK Ges G me n‡Z Zuvi G KwVb c‡_ Pjvi g~j¨evb cv‡_q jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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cvi‡j GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi Av‡›`vjb mwVKfv‡e eyS‡Z cviv hv‡e, gbgw Í̄®‥ †m Av‡›`vjbgyLx n‡e, gywgbmyjf

Kvw•¶Z Bmjvgx PwiÎ m„wó n‡e Ges G c‡_i wec`-gywme‡Zi cÖPÐ So-SÅvq AwePj _vKvi g‡bvej

m„wó n‡e| Gfv‡e G gnvb Av‡›`vjb‡K weK…wZi e¨vwa †_‡K `~‡i ivLv hv‡e| G c‡_i cw_K‡`i †h me

g~j¨evb cv‡_q cÖ‡qvRb, Zvi †KvbwUB RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZv ev` †`bwb| wewfbœ m‡¤§j‡b Zuvi cÖ`Ë fvl‡Y I

Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨ mewKQzB my¯úó K‡i e‡j w`‡q‡Qb|

G BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g ms¯‥iY K‡qK eQi c~‡e©B wbt‡kl n‡q‡Q| wØZxq ms¯‥iY cÖKv‡k Awbevh© Kvi‡Y wej¤^

n‡jv e‡j `ytwLZ|

Avgvi wek¦vm, G BwZnvm cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ Øxb cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vj‡b Rhev m„wó Ki‡e Ges Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸Yvejx AR©b Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡e| Avjøvn cv‡Ki `iev‡i †m †`vqvB Kwi| †mB mv‡_ G †hb

Avgvi hveZxq †Mvbvn gv‡di wbwgË nq| Avgxb|

- MÖš
Kvi

m~wPcÎ

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wK? 11

Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv 11

gvbe RvwZi `ytL-`y`©kv I aŸs‡mi KviY 11

†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb 12

†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi ci Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb12

fvi‡Z Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb 13

wØZxq Aa¨vq

mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`xi mswÿß cwiPq 15

Avj-wRnv`y wdj Bmjvg MÖš
 17

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

M‡elYv I Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ¯‧wZ Í̄i 19

ZrKvjxb fvi‡Z gymjgvb‡`i Ae 
̄v 20

ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb 21

`viæj Bmjvg Uªv÷ MVb I Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi j‡ÿ¨

`j MV‡bi cUf‚wgKv iPbv 24

`viæj Bmjv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ wQj wbgœiƒc 24

PZz_© Aa¨vq

`viæj Bmjvg cwiKíbv I gvIjvbv gI`~`x 26

gvIjvbvi e³e¨ 26

`viæj Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQz K_v 43

`viæj Bmjv‡gi Avb yôvwbK cÖwZôv 45

`viæj Bmjv‡gi MVbZš¿ 47

Kv‡Ri wPÎ 47

Bmjvgx mxivZ 48

Avw_©K Dcvq-DcKiY 49

D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji c_ 49

cÖwZ‡iva 49

MVbg~jK KvR 50

ZvwˡK wefvM 51

e¨envwiK wefvM 53

Kv‡Ri cÖmvi 53

cÂg Aa¨vq

gvIjvbv gI ~̀`xi ivR‣bwZK cÖÁv 54

ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡b gvIjvbv e‡jb 55

gvIjvbv wR‡Ám K‡ib 56

Bmjvgx RvZxqZv 56

gvIjvbv eo mZ¨ K_v e‡jb 61

ag©nxb msweavb m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv e‡jb 61

e„wUk c~Rvix e‡j hviv Mvwj †`q Zv‡`i Rev‡e gvIjvbv e‡jb 61

Bmjvg I RvZxqZvev‡`i cv_©K¨ eySv‡Z wM‡q gvIjvbv e‡jb 62

gymwjg RvZxqZv

gymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZ (cÖ_g LÐ) 64

Afve wK‡mi? 66

gymjgvb I eZ©gvb ivR‣bwZK msNvZ (wØZxq LÐ) 67

lô Aa¨vq

kvmbZvwš¿K cÖ Í̄ve 69

GKRvZxqZvev‡`i aŸRvavix‡`i mgv‡jvPbv 70

cvðvZ¨ RvZxqZv, Bmjvgx RvZxqZv I GKRvZxqZv 71

cÖ_g cÖ Í̄ve 72

wØZxq cÖ Í̄ve 73

Z…Zxq cÖ Í̄ve 74

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôv 77

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi KvR 83

Rvgvqv‡Zi MVbZš¿ Aby‡gv`b 84

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi `vIqvZ 88

Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi mvsMVwbK I `vIqvZx mdi 89

RvgvqvZ `dZi ¯
vbvšÍi 90

gvIjvbvi we‡kl †n`v‡qZ 90

gvIjvbvi AmvaviY Kg©e¨ Í̄ Rxeb (1939-42) 91

mßg Aa¨vq

RvgvqvZ msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb 92

Av‡›`vj‡bi we‡ivwaZv 92

gRwj‡m k~ivi Riæix •eVK 93

A 
̄vqxfv‡e `viæj Bmjv‡g †K›`ª 
̄vbvšÍwiZ 94

bZzb †K‡›`ª bZzb cwiKíbv 95

gZcv_©K¨ I Zvi mgvavb 95

mvsMVwbK Kv‡Ri ch©v‡jvPbv 96

gnvhy× Av‡›`vj‡bi weivU cÖwZeÜK 97

msMVb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi Í̄i

wZbwU AvÂwjK m‡¤§jb 98

ga¨fvi‡Zi m‡¤§jb 98

Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi wi‡cvU© I Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv 100

GKwU A_©‣bwZK ¯‥xg 101

msMVb, ZiweqZ I Zvh&wKqv 102

mgvR ¯^qs cÖwkÿY †K›`ª 103

ZiweqZx e¨e¯
v LvbKvnx bq- Av‡›`vjbg~jK 104

hv‡ni I ev‡Z‡bi ms‡kva‡bi KvR 104

DËi fviZxq m‡¤§jb 105

m‡¤§j‡bi D‡Ïk¨ 106

iæKwbqv‡Zi kc_ I 
̄weiZv 106

Kgx©‡`i ¸Yvejx 107

gyevwjø‡Mi m‡e©vrK…ó KvR 107

KvB‡q‡g RvgvqvZ wb‡qvM 108

w`jøx m‡¤§jb 109

nvq`ivev` m‡¤§jb 109

gvIjvbvi D‡Øvabx fvlY 110

Aóg Aa¨vq

cÖ_g wbwLj fviZ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb 112

Avgx‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi D‡Øvabx fvlY 112

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 1941 †_‡K 1945 mvj ch©šÍ 114

bexM‡Yi AvMg‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t bex gy¯Ívdvi (mt) †m D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi c×wZ 131

beg Aa¨vq

m¤úÖmviY I DbœwZi hyM 133

wØZxq wbwLj fviZ Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx iæKb m‡¤§jb 134

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi

k~ivqx wbhv‡gi (civgk© wfwËK e¨e 
̄vi) µ‡gvbœwZ 139

Rvgvqv‡Z mgv‡jvPbvi wbqwgZ e¨e 
̄v 141

mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve we Í̄vi 142

Djvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡a¨ `vIqv‡Zi cÖfve 144

AvaywbK wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve 148

uRvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I Zv¸Zx kvmb 150

Ab¨vb¨ gn‡j Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve 152

wewfbœ gn‡j cÖfve we Í̄v‡ii cwiKíbv 154

gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ KvR 155

ewnwe©‡k¦ Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖfve 158

`vIqvZx mvwnZ¨ cÖYqb 158

ZiRgvi e¨e 
̄vcbv 159

`kg Aa¨vq

PviwU HwZnvwmK m‡¤§jb 160

gv`ªvR m‡¤§jb (25†k I 26†k GwcÖj) 162

fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i fwel¨Z Kg©m~wP 164

cvUbv m‡¤§jb (25†k I 26†k GwcÖj-1947) 167

cvVvb‡KvU m‡¤§jb (9B I 10B †g-1947) 171

Rbmfvq fvlY †`qvi R‡b¨ e³vi gvb wbY©q 175

cÖkœgvjv 176

GKv`k Aa¨vq

cvwK Í̄vb Av‡›`vjb I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 177

kvn Ijx Djøvn †`njex (it) 179

mvB‡q` Avng` knx` †eijfx (it) I kvn BmgvCj knx` (it) 180

Øv`k Aa¨vq

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ †g․wjK cv_©K¨ 184

Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cybtcÖwZôv 184

¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ 185

gymwjg RvZxqZvi Av‡›`vjb 186

Bmjvg Avgv‡`i jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ 186

gvIjvbv GKRb bIgymwjg 187

Av‡›`vj‡bi wØZxq hyM 189

Av‡›`vj‡bi cZbhyM 189

Bmjv‡gi eZ©gvb Ae 
̄v 189

Bmjvg I Zvi `vex 190

GKwU Bmjvgx Rvgvqv‡Zi `vexmg~n 192

hviv KvR Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡`i R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zv 193

cvwK Í̄vb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wKiƒc nIqv DwPZ 194

ALÐ fvi‡Zi cwRkb 195

KziAvb wK e‡j 195

&Avgv‡`i m¤úK© 196

Avgv‡`i c`gh©v`v 196

cÖK…Z Bmjvgx jÿ¨ 197

G j‡ÿ¨ †c․uQzevi †mvRvc_ 197

cvwK Í̄vb Av‡›`vj‡bi †ÿÎ cÖ ‧̄Z 200

gymwjg I Agymwjg‡`i mvg‡b Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ 200

gvby‡li aŸs‡mi cÖK…Z KviY 201

gvby‡li Kj¨vY wKfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i? 201

Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Kg©cš
v 202

iv‡óªi ¯̂vfvweK µgweKvk 202

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi •ewkó¨ 202

Bmjvgx wecø‡ei c_ 203

bex cv‡Ki (mt) †m AvnŸv‡bi cÖwZwµqv 204

wnRi‡Zi ci Av‡›`vjb 206

·qv`k Aa¨vq

†`k wefvM, mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½v-nv½vgv I Rb‡mev 209

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx I Rb‡mev 210

`viæj Bmjvg, cvVvb‡KvU 213

`viæj Bmjvg ew Í̄i AwZ †e`bv`vqK `„k¨ 214

†K›`ªxq RvgvqvZ jv‡nv‡i 
̄vbvšÍwiZ 216

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx `yÕfv‡M wef³ 218

PZz`©k Aa¨vq

Rvgvqv‡Zi mvwnZ¨ m„wó 219

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi •ewkó¨ 220

cÂ`k Aa¨vq

Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb 223

ev‡iv `dv Av‡jvP¨ welq 225

mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i aviYv I †Ljvd‡Zi gZev` 225

¯̂vaxbZvi aviYv 226

†bZ…‡Z¡i aviYv 227

¸YMZ m`m¨c` 227

MYZ‡š¿i aviYv 228

msMV‡bi aviYv 228

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi I MYZvwš¿K `j¸‡jvi mfvcwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ 229

ag© I ivRbxwZi g‡a¨ cv_©‡K¨i aviYv 229

RvZxqZvi aviYv 230

Bmjv‡gi aviYv 230

†g․wjK AwaKv‡ii aviYv 231

kvmbe¨e 
̄v I miKvi cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨ 232

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi weiæ‡× KwZcq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awf‡hvM 232

RvgvqvZ GK bZzb ivR‣bwZK cÖwZcÿ 233

mZ¨ wK ïay Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi g‡a¨B mxwgZ? 233

Øxb Bmjvg‡K Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv 234

GKvg‡Z Øx‡bi aviYv GKUv cvMjvwg 235

Rvgvqv‡Zi evB‡i wK Bmjvg †bB? 235

ivR‣bwZK ÿgZv jv‡fi jvjmv 236

e¨w³ ms¯‥v‡ii cwie‡Z© mgwói ms¯‥v‡ii Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡”Q 236

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi w_Iµ¨vwmi (Theocracy) cZvKvevnx 237

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU bZzb †dK©v 237

D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wói KviY 238

cwiwkó-1

GKLvbv cÎ 239

cwiwkó-2

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖ_g mvKz©jvi 240

cwiwkó-3

GK bR‡i Rvgvqv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m‡¤§jbmg~n 240

cwiwkó-4

ZRy©gvbyj KziAv‡bi wKQz g~j¨evb K_v 241

cwiwkó-5

RvgvqvZ cÖwZôvZvi wKQz g~j¨evb K_v t

`j MV‡bi Avek¨KZv 244

ZejxM I wecøe 244

BKvg‡Z Øxb GKwU AUj I Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ 245

ûKzg‡Z Bjvwnqv I Avjøvni mš‧wó 245

mZ¨ c‡_i `vex 246

cwiwkó-6

m‡›`n-mskq wbimb 246

gvIjvbvi Reve 247

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wK?

Avjøvn Zvqvjvi hgx‡b Avjøvn Zvqvjvi c~Y©v½ Øxb Bmjvg cwic~Y© iƒ‡c Kv‡qg Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Av‡›`vjb,

†PóvPwiÎ, mvabv I msMÖvg Kivi †h RvgvqvZ ev `j ZvB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx|

AZGe Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx GKwU c~Y©v½ Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb| evwZj gZev`, wPšÍvaviv I Rxebweavb LZg

K‡i Ges Zvi AšÍtmvik~b¨Zv I AwbóKvwiZv cÖwZcbœ K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z© gvbe RvwZi R‡b¨ Avjøvni †`qv

GKgvÎ Rxeb weavb cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjbB Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb Ges G Av‡›`vj‡bi cZvKvevnx Rvgvqv‡Z

Bmjvgx| Ab¨K_vq evwZj gZev`, wPšÍvaviv I Rxebweavb gvbe RvwZi Dci ejc~e©K Pvwc‡q w`‡q

`ywbqvq †drbv-d¨vmv`, AwePvi, Ryjyg, wb‡®úlY, binZ¨v, mš¿vm cÖf…wZi Øviv gvbe Rxeb‡K †h `ywe©ln

K‡i †Zvjv n‡q‡Q, Gm‡ei g~‡jvrcvUb K‡i GK bZzb my›`i I myLx gvbemgvR MV‡bi msMÖvg Rvgvqv‡Z

Bmjvgx Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b RvwZ, ag©, eY©, wbwe©‡k‡l GKwU gvbyl Zvi Rxeb‡K A_©en, myLx I my›`i †`L‡Z

cv‡e|

Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv

gvbe RvwZi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv| ZvB gvbe RvwZi BwZnvm hZ cÖvPxb Bmjvgx

Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvmI ZZUv cÖvPxb| Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb †Kvb Kv‡ji †Kvb GK mg‡q nVvr K‡i M‡R IVv

†Kvb Awfbe e ‧̄ bq| ei Avengvb Kvj †_‡K P‡j Avmv GK wbiew”Qbœ avivevwnKZvi my`„p m~‡Î G

euvav| AZx‡Zi avivevwnKZv †_‡K G‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †`L‡j Pj‡e bv| g~jZ G Av‡›`vj‡bi aviK I evnK

wQ‡jb Avjøvn Zvqvjvi wcÖq bexMY| Avw` gvbe nhiZ Av`g (Avt) †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i †kl bex nhiZ

gynv¤§` gy Í̄vdv (mt) ch©šÍ jÿ jÿ bex G Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Qb Ges G D‡Ï‡k¨B Zuviv `ywbqvi ey‡K †cÖwiZ

n‡qwQ‡jb|

gvbe RvwZi `ytL-`y`©kv I aŸs‡mi KviY

gvbe RvwZi AZxZ I eZ©gvb BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j G mZ¨B D`NvwUZ nq †h, wek¦mªóv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi

weavb Agvb¨ K‡i gvbyl hLb †Lv`v‡`ªvwnZv I cvcvPvi-AbvPv‡i wjß n‡q‡Q, ZLbB Zv‡`i Rxe‡b †b‡g

G‡m‡Q `ytL-`y ©̀kv, wek„sLjv, AivRKZv Ges †kl ch©šÍ Zviv aŸs‡mi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| AZx‡Zi †divDb,

bgiƒ`, Av`, mvgy` cÖf…wZ RvwZmg~n Ges MÖxK, †ivgvb I cvim¨ mf¨Zv GB GKB Kvi‡Y aŸs‡mi AZj

Z‡j wbgw¾Z n‡q‡Q| hy‡M hy‡M wewfbœ †`k I RvwZi g‡a¨ jÿ jÿ bexi Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q Ges Zuviv

mK‡jB wek¦mªóvi evYx I weav‡bi wfwˇZ †hme RvwZ‡K aŸs‡mi gyL †_‡K iÿv Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|

me©‡kl bex gynv¤§` (mt) GKwU Amf¨, ee©i, i³wccvmy RvwZ‡K ïay aŸsm †_‡KB iÿv K‡ibwb, Zv‡`i

Rxeb‡K †Lv`vi evYxi Av‡jv‡K cwiï× K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡`i Rxe‡b †Lv`vi weavb cÖwZwôZ K‡i Zv‡`i‡K

GKUv DbœZgv‡bi RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Ggb GK Av`k© mgvR I ivóªe¨e 
̄v cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb

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