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1 Communication platforms Communication platforms for industrial and for industrial and residential gateways (II) residential gateways (II) Prof. Dr. Ralf E.D. Seepold Prof. Dr. Ralf E.D. Seepold Departamento Departamento de de Ingenier Ingeniería Telem Telemática tica Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [email protected] [email protected] Ralf E.D. Seepold 2 Outline Home and industrial Networking Powerline Phoneline Wireless Others Service platforms Situation in smart home market Standards Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi)

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Communication platformsCommunication platformsfor industrial and for industrial and residential gateways (II)residential gateways (II)

Prof. Dr. Ralf E.D. SeepoldProf. Dr. Ralf E.D. Seepold

DepartamentoDepartamento de de IngenierIngenierííaa TelemTelemááticaticaUniversidad Carlos III de MadridUniversidad Carlos III de [email protected]@uc3m.es

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Outline

Home and industrial NetworkingPowerlinePhonelineWirelessOthers

Service platformsSituation in smart home marketStandardsOpen Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi)

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Definition of service gateways

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Regional view

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Market Trend

117 million broadband homes worldwide by 200575% will have home networks *

PCs first, STB and media devices next•

Explosive growth of networking devices, especially for the segments data and entertainment networks°2003: More than 25% of US-broadband homes have home networks (2008: 44%).�

By 2005: 20% of the European households being equipped with a network.°Consumers consider the current network of computers and various consumer electronics too difficult and expensive.X • MorganStanley

* DSL Forum�Forrester Research° Data MonitorX Accenture

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The Emerging Product Scenario

UsersThe distinction between what is in the box and what is outside will blur: user will enjoy the combinationThe flexible devices shall be able to manage new applications when other functions will enter the home

Device ManufacturersMultiplicity of new devices will have (always on) internet connectionA service platform enables lifetime cycle management and renewable applications

Service ProvidersEach device will be a potential target for added value serviceThe possibility to run a service on different target appliance will boost the addressable market

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* Yankee Group Home Networking 2002

Increasing Consumer Requirements Smart Home/Health Care

Device ConnectivityRemote Diagnosis and MaintenanceShared Internet access (50%)*Shared data and information (45%)* Service Delivery on command

EntertainmentHome Care Remote security services Energy saving options (special

contracts/remote maintenance of the heating system)

No new wires (WiFi, HomePNA, + HomePlug)

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Integration today

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Integration in the future

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Universal Plug and Playwww.upnp.org

Device Discovery and Control Protocol for IP networks in the home and SOHO

Main focus on TCP/IP-capable devices: PC-centric approachAim: Integration of home appliances by the use of the Simple Control Protocol (SCP – provided by Microsoft)Specification

Discovery Mechanism Data Exchange Mechanism (no source code download)Device Control: Control Points (e.g. Server) versus Devices (“Container”)Device Control Protocols (interfaces and capabilities of devices)Presentation Layer

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UPnP Benefits and Targets

TargetsData transmission network for devices via plug and play functionalityService Sharing

BenefitsWidely supported networking specificationNo device configuration, just Plug & PlaySmall footprint software component on the deviceIndependent of OS, language, or physical connectivity

Main DisadvantageNo focus on update and security mechanism

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MHP Multimedia Home Platform www.mhp.org

SW Platform Standard for the processing of entertainment and multimedia content

SpecificationBased on Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) - same system for Satellite, Cable, TerrestrialThe core is based on the platform DVB-J (includes a Sun Microsystems’ Java Virtual Machine) Java APIs provide interfaces between applications in the JVM and the functions of the DVB receiver Provides a set of transport protocols, a set of application signaling protocol and a security model 3 profiles - Enhanced TV, Interactive TV, Internet TV Supports many kinds of applications, e.g. ■ EPG / Information services / e-commerce / secure transactions

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MHP Benefits and Targets

Targets End-to-end chain for processing of entertainment/multimedia contentTV Centric (e.g. MHP-STB)

BenefitsSecure, Open, Scalable Platform (Java as underlying technology)Security Model - how to authenticate applicationsModular Platform: Open for Third Party DevelopmentPlatform-independent ContentEuropean Content Processing Standard, increasing worldwide acceptance

Main DisadvantageNo Life-Cycle ManagementRestricted to Entertainment and Multimedia Content

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Facility Mmgt. Tech.

Facility Mmgt. Tech.

Wired: Powerline, Twisted pair, Radio coax cable, Fibre glas // Wireless: DECT, Wireless LAN, Bluetooth

ITIT Enter-tainment

Enter-tainment

White Goods

White Goods

VoiceVoice

Bandwidth: LowQuality: RealTime

Bandwidth: HighQuality: Lower to High

Bandwidth: LowerQuality: RealTime

Bandwidth: LowQuality: Medium

Bandwidth: Very HighQuality: High

Application: Energy Mgmt, Heating, Air Conditioning, Lights, Blends, Access Control

Application: Children Control, Gaming, Firewall, Tele-Working, Video conferences etc.

Application: VOD, Gaming, TV, MP3, Radio, Music, etc.

Application: Energy Management, Controlling etc.

Application: CLIP, SMS, Voice Butler, etc.

Facility IT Entertainment White Goods Voice

Application Sharing

EHS, Proprietary, LON, EIB, X10 ...

Analog, 802.X, FireWire, USB, Proprietary, IRDA, Bluetooth ...

SIP, ISDN, POTS, H323, DECT ...

EHS, Proprietary, LON, EIB, X10 ...

FireWire, Bluetooth, 802.X, USB, Serial, IRDA ...

Residential Network Structures

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The OSGi Alliance is an independent non-profit cross-industrial corporation that provides for the fair and uniform creation and distribution of relevant intellectual property – including specifications, reference implementations, and test suites – to all its Members.

What is the OSGi Alliance?

OSGi AllianceMembers by Region

41% 32%

27%

Asia/Pacific

EMEA

North/South America

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OSGi: Expert Groups (I)

Core Platform Expert GroupThe Core Platform Expert Group (CPEG) defines the core platform specifications and APIs that the OSGi requires. The CPEG is focused on components that form the execution environment for OSGi services and provides the fundamental services for all OSGi environments.

Vehicle Expert GroupThe Vehicle Expert Group (VEG) is working on tailoring and extending the generic OSGi core specifications for use in in-vehicle environments. The VEG receives much of the input from automotive, telematics and transport member companies to ensure the specifications produced are well suited to their target environment.

Architecture Expert GroupThe Architecture Expert Group (AEG) is a little different from the other highly specific EGs. It acts as the co-ordination function and it is through the AEG that new work items are brought into the community. In addition the AEG acts as the home for the Technical Steering Committee.

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OSGi: Expert Groups (II)

Device Expert Group (DEG)Security Expert Group (SEG)Remote Management Expert Group (RMEG)

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Members4DHomeNet, Inc.Alpine Electronics Europe GmbhAtinav Inc.BMWCablevision SystemsConnected Systems, Inc.Easenergy, Inc.Electricite de France (EDF)EricssonETRIGatespace ABIBM CorporationJentro AGLegend Computer System Ltd.Metavector TechnologiesMotorola, Inc.Object XP AGOracle CorporationPanasonicPhilipsRobert Bosch GmbhSchneider Electric SASharp CorporationSprint Communications Company, L.Sun MicrosystemsTelcordia TechnologiesTelia ResearchToshiba CorporationVerizonWind River Systems

AcuniaAMI-CBellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.Bombardier TransportationCoactive NetworksDeutsche TelekomEchelon CorporationElisa Communications CorporationEspial Group, Inc.France TelecomHewlett-PackardITP ASKDD R&D Laboratories Inc.Lucent TechnologiesMitsubishi Electric CorporationNTTOn Technology UK, LtdP&S Datacom CorporationPatriot Scientific Corp. (PTSC)ProSyst Software AGSamsung Electronics Co., LTDSiemens VDO AutomotiveSonera CorporationP.Sony CorporationTAC ABTelefonica I+DTexas Instruments, Inc.TLONWhirlpool Corporation

OSGi AllianceMembers by Region

41% 38%

21%

Asia/Pacific

EMEA

North/South America

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What is the OSGi Service Platform?

The OSGi Service Platform is an open software standardthat provides a common platform for service providers, device manufacturers, and others to remotely and dynamically deliver, integrate, and manage a rich set of valuable services to building, home, mobile, vehicle and other environments.

• Release 1 May, 2000• Release 2 October, 2001• Release 3 1Q2003• Publicly available at www.osgi.org

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Implementations of OSGi Service Platform Release 2

4DHomeNet (www.4dhome.net)ACUNIA (www.acunia.com)Atinav Inc. (www.atinav.com)Connected Systems (http://www.connectedsys.com/)Echelon LonWorks Bundle Deployment Kit (http://www.echelon.com/products/OSGi/Default.htm)Espial (www.espial.com)Gatespace AB (http://www.gatespace.com/)IBM (http://www.ibm.com)Jentro (www.jentro.com)Opensugar (http://www.opensugar.com/)OSCAR - Open source framework (http://sourceforge.net/projects/oscar-osgi)ProSyst Software (http://www.prosyst.com/solutions_html/mbeddedbuilder.html)Samsung (www.samsung.com)Sun Microsystems Inc. (www.sunmicrosystems.com)Siemens VDO Automotive (www.siemensvdo.com)

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Release 3 Extensions

Framework

OSGi Specifications Content

Execution Environment

Devic

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Log S

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User

Adm

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Pack

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Conn

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Ser

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XML P

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UPnP

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OSGi and well-known standards

HAVi

LonWorks

Bluetooth

802.11Home Plug

HomePNA

HomeRF

CEBus

OSGi

AMIC DVB/MHPVertical/Industry

Service Delivery

Local Network

DSL PowerlineCable WirelessBroadband Network

JINI

UPnP

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Scenarios of OSGi

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Embedding of services with OSGi

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Architecture

Hardware

BundleBundle

Bundle

Operating System

OSGi

Java VM

Bundle (Application)

Driver Driver Driver

= service interfaceexported and importedby bundles

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THE framework

General-purpose, secure managed Java frameworkSupport deployment of extensible and downloadable service applications (BUNDLES)OSGi-compliant devices

Load/unload bundlesBundle installation and update management

Can be done dynamically■ New■ Update

Support bundle developmentDecouple service specification and service implementation

Independence from service providerPrioritisation possible

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Bundle

Bundles ≡ ApplicationsComprise Java classes and other resources

To end-usersTo other bundles

Exported capabilities are called servicesAccess framework capabilities, the underlying VM and OSMany include native code

Efficient accessCompatibility to native platforms

Bundles can register servicesServices are shared between bundles

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Bundle (JAR)

ResourcesClass file, HTML files, icons

Manifest fileDescribes the contents of the JAR

State dependenciesOn other resources (e.g. Java packages)

Designate a specific class (bundle activator)Optional: Documents, source code (that can be removed to save space

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Bundle relations

BundleBundle

JAVA

Operating System

Hardware

OSGi Framework

Serviceregistry

packagespackages

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Bundle services

The final goal of a bundle is to offer services to other bundles or end users

Through one or several service objectsRegistered in the framework registry

Service Tracker:Supports monitoring of used services■ Warns about updates and unregistrations

Based on events Services can be configured at runtime

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Events

Allow communications among different entitiesThree types:

ServiceEvent■ Registration, update and unregistration of each service

BundleEvent■ Start, stop, update of bundles

FrameworkEvent■ Starting, resolving references, etc.

Event handling as in Java

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Security

Based in Java 2 Security ArchitecturePermissions needed to perform actions

Permission Admin Service■ SecurityManager to check access control

Three basic permission types:AdminPermission: for management tasksServicePermission: each service defines registration and access permissionsPackagePermission: package importing and exporting

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Package Admin Service

Defines the policies for package sharingBundles export packages to other bundlesWhat happens if the exporting bundle status chages (updated or uninstalled)

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Permission Admin Service

Provides functionality to Read permissionsDefine permissionsCheck permissions

Security concern: a bundle needs Administration Permission to access to the Permission Admin Service

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Log Service

Logging of messages concerningBundles: for example install, start...Services: register, modify, un-register...Framework: starting and error detecting

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HTTP Service

OSGi platform allows access, control and configuration via HTTP (with static resources and servlets)

Register servlets and other resources in the HTTP service

Allows user authorization with the standard HTTP method: RFC 2617

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Device Access

Automatic detection of devicesEmbedding in OSGi environmentHot pluggingAutomatic driver download and installationHierarchy of network technologies and levels

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Device Access Specification (cont.)

Driver categories:Base DriversRefined drivers (e.g. mouse from USB driver)Composite drivers. Bridging Drivers. (e.g. USB to Ethernet)

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Configuration Admin Service

Configure: information for the bundles after their programmingWith properties (pairs name/value)Local and remote configuration

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User Admin Service

Action done by end users ahould be authorised. The user needs to be authenticated

Password, biometric data, certificatesDatabase with users and authorisations

Authentication: Users characterised by name + properties + credentials

AuthorisationBased in roles Basic roles and required roles

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Jini in OSGi

Included as recommended service in OSGi release 3Jini technology uses Jini lookup service

Device and service register■ Add-in-protocol; called discovery (find lookup service) and join

(upload service interface)

Jini architecture in OSGiCreate an API■ Enable access to Jini services (from OSGi)■ Provide OSGi services to members of Jini community

Result (Jini Driver module – a bundle – in OSGi)Jini-to-OSGIOSGi-to Jini

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Jini Driver: Jini to OSGi

Jini driver discovers types of Jini services in JinilookupRegister services in OSGi

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Jini Driver: Jini to OSGi (cont.)

LAN administration application

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Jini Driver: OSGi to Jini

OSGi services registered in the frameworkJini driver inspects the propertyIn case Jini compliant service is discovered

Registration in Jini lookup serviceExample: Lamp control services available over X10 protocol

Registered to OSGi frameworkJini Driver detects the presents of the service Jini Driver exports the serivce to Jini lookupJini clients can access to service via Jini lookup

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Jini Driver: OSGi to Jini (cont.)

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Further services (I)

UPnP architecture in OSGiUPnP Base DriverUPnP-to-OSGi transformationOSGI-to-UPnP transformation

Wire Admin ServiceControl topology

XML Parser ServiceJAXP: Mechanism to register XML parsers

URL Handlers ServiceDefine/extend URL (http, ftp...) support for the platform

Execution EnvironmentDefine two execution modes (hierarchical sub-sets)

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Further services (II)

IO Connector ServiceAssociates to the javax.microedition.io

Start Level ServiceAllow and control the order of service start-up and termination as well as a framework activation level

MeasurementMeasurement class for stanadrdised unites

PositionProvides possibilities for positioning systems

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OSGi: New Key Factors

Increasing ComplexityIncreasing Customer RequirementsProduct Digitalization & New Business ModelsInternet & Broadband AvailabilityWireless ConnectivityFamily DislocationHousehold IsolationEase-of-use for Senior CustomersIndividual Treatment (Patients) and Cost-Optimization (Hospitals)