PenO1: les 2 - sessie 4

Probleemoplossen & OntwerpenICT-werktuigen

Les 2 - Sessie 4

Erik DuvalDept. Computerwetenschappen

http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~erikd/



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http://www.slideshare.net/erik.duval



• Wie is er al in de PC-klassen geweest?

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• Wie heeft er daar al ingelogd?

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• Wie is er al op TOLEDO ingelogd?

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• Wie heeft er al P&O1 op TOLEDO “bezocht”?

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• Wie heeft Maple lokaal geïnstalleerd?

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• Wie heeft de slides van vorige week bekeken?

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• Wie heeft de links zelfstudie WWW&Office gevolgd?

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• Wie heeft de links zelfstudie WWW&Office gevolgd?

• Wie heeft er vragen, opmerkingen, commentaar?

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vandaag

• computersystemen

• gebruikersinterfaces

• web toepassingen

• virussen

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Componenten van computersysteem

CPU

RAM

Besturings-

systeem Gebruiker

HardwareApplicaties

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Componenten van computersysteem

CPU

RAM

Besturings-

systeem Gebruiker

HardwareApplicaties

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voorbeelden?

Hardware

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Hardware

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voorbeelden?

Belangrijkste wet uit computerwetenschappen?

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Moore’s law

• ‘the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two years’ (1965)

• ook

• processing speed

• memory capacity

• sensors

• network capacity

• ... 9

what does “exponential” mean?

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if you fold a sheet of paper 50 times,then how thick is the result?

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if you fold a sheet of paper 50 times,then how thick is the result?

about the distance to the sun...

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http://www.smartplanet.com/technology/blog/thinking-tech/physics-nobel-winners-launched-moores-law-of-optics/1689/



wiring the ENIAC with a new program

ENIAC1946Mauchly and Eckert

stats:3,000 cubic feet30 tons18,000 vacuum tubes70,000 resistors170 kilowatt power req.~1 kilobit memory

approximate processing power of today’s singing birthday card

but not a stored-program device

Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt

http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt

http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt

front panel switches

DEC PDP-8

TI 980

1960’s

The internal architecture of the machine is exposed in the controls. You can see that the PDP-8 is an octal computer, with its switches in three-bit configurations (it takes three bits to count from 0 to 7, for a total of 8 numbers. Base 8. Octal. Get it?). The TI 980 is a hexadecimal machine, with switches in groups of four. Using the switches, you program the machine one word at a time (a word being, say, two hexadecimal bytes for the TI).

configure switches, run batch, output to tape

batch processing: feed it cards, wait while it runs

What you used to dopunch a deck of cards; take the cards to a little window, hand them to the operator; she puts them in line with everyone else’s jobs; when it’s your turn she puts your cards in the hopper and pushes “RUN”; your program works or it doesn’t; an hour or twelve later, you pick up your cards and (hopefully) printout at the same little window.

What you do nowdouble-click an icon, see what happens immediately.

preparing punch cards

An important by-product: confetti. All the chaff from all those cards was just great to throw around the dorm.

preparing punch cards

Each key press punches holes, so there’s no “erase.” Fixing a mistake almost always required ejecting the card and starting it over.

In a pinch – say you really needed to fix a card and the punch was down – a clever operator might know enough about the card encoding to close some holes with tape and open others with a knife.

So on the one hand, we were adapting to the machines. On the other hand, the workings of the machines were exposed, right out where we could get to them.

punch cards

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg



operator console

IBM System 3601960’s

next?

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Command Line Interface

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Nog vb?

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Grafische gebruikersinterface

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WIMP• Windows

IconsMenus, andPointing devices

• Eigenschappen

• intuitief

• consistent

• vergeven

• beschermen

• Maar niet noodzakelijk best voor expert!

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http://www.archive.org/details/AlanKeyD1987

Ivan Sutherland: Sketchpad (1962)Tu

ring

Aw

ard

1988

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=495nCzxM9PI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA 25





http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA

D. Engelbart, Augment

• Stanford Research Institute

• “Uitvinder” van muis, windows, groupware, ...

• team naar Xerox PARC

• nu: bootstrap institute

• http://www.bootstrap.org/

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http://www.bootstrap.org/

http://www.bootstrap.org/

http://www.mercurycenter.com/svtech/news/special/engelbart/

http://www.mercurycenter.com/svtech/news/special/engelbart/

D. Engelbart, Augment• demo at 1968 Fall

Joint Computer Conference

• video, microwave transmission, ...

• http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4kp9Ciy1nE

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http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html








http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4kp9Ciy1nE








http://www.histech.rwth-aachen.de/www/quellen/engelbart/ResearchCenter1968.html

http://www.histech.rwth-aachen.de/www/quellen/engelbart/ResearchCenter1968.html

28http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4kp9Ciy1nE



http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/536976.htm



Fast forward to … now :) !

http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890

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TextText

http://hyperscope.org/



http://hyperscope.org




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TextText

http://hyperscope.org/

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3914718330476864051&q=doug+engelbart





http://programforthefuture.org/31

http://programforthefuture.org

http://programforthefuture.org

XEROX PARC Star (1981)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQ6ng1_TMN4



Macintosh, 1984

34 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44

All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek

http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek




Windows 1.0 (1985)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGvHNNOLnCk37

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGvHNNOLnCk






http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y48rthTbrA8&NR=1

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webtoepassingen

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wat gebruiken jullie?

• zoekrobot

• hotmail-gmail

• radio

• sporza

• ebanking

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wat gebruiken jullie?

• hotmail-gmail

• facebook-netlog-myspace

• toledo

• youtube

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42http://wakoopa.com/erikduval

http://wakoopa.com/erikduval

http://wakoopa.com/erikduval

Blog

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Blog• Web log

• Chronologisch

• Erg verscheiden

• Laat commentaar toe

• Eenvoudige editors

• Blogger.com

• Wordpress.com

• Typepad.com

• Myspace.com

• “web authoring for the masses”

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Blog• Web log

• Chronologisch

• Erg verscheiden

• Laat commentaar toe

• Eenvoudige editors

• Blogger.com

• Wordpress.com

• Typepad.com

• Myspace.com

• “web authoring for the masses”

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wie blogt er?

studentenblogs...

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zoeken in blogs

• http://www.technorati.com/

• http://blogsearch.google.com/

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http://www.technorati.com/%250Dhttp://blogsearch.google.com/




RSS

• Rich Site / Really Simple Syndication

• “feed” van wat gewijzigd is

• Lezen

• toepassingssoftware

• http://www.bloglines.com/

• http://www.google.com/reader/

• blogroll

• feeds op je blog

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http://www.bloglines.com


http://www.google.com/reader/


RSS

• Rich Site / Really Simple Syndication

• “feed” van wat gewijzigd is

• Lezen

• toepassingssoftware

• http://www.bloglines.com/

• http://www.google.com/reader/

• blogroll

• feeds op je blog

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wie leest er feeds?
















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http://www.flickr.com/

http://www.flickr.com

http://www.flickr.com

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wie heeft er met flickr gewerkt?

> 3.000.000.000 images

> 3.000.000.000 images

facebook> 10.000.000.000

> 80.000.000 videos

upload:20 hours video/min

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44.000 sites20.000.000 users1.900.000 courses

delicious

• http://del.icio.us/

• social bookmarking

• keep

• share

• discover

• folksonomies

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http://del.icio.us

http://del.icio.us

delicious

• http://del.icio.us/

• social bookmarking

• keep

• share

• discover

• folksonomies

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wie doet er delicious?

http://del.icio.us

http://del.icio.us

portals

63http://www.google.com/ig

http://www.google.com/ig

http://www.google.com/ig

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http://www.netvibes.com/

http://www.netvibes.com

http://www.netvibes.com

google docs

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podcasts

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creative commons

68 http://revver.com/video/89072/wanna-work-together/

http://revver.com/video/89072/wanna-work-together/

http://revver.com/video/89072/wanna-work-together/

http://ludit.kuleuven.be/software/virus.htm

l#virusscan

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http://ludit.kuleuven.be/software/virus.html

http://ludit.kuleuven.be/software/virus.html

Dus…

Vragen...?

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PenO1: les 2 - sessie 4

Education

Transcript of PenO1: les 2 - sessie 4