paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca...

12
222

Transcript of paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca...

Page 1: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

� ��������� ��� ���������������� � ��������������� ����� "!�#$&%'�' ��(����)*,+-��+.��+/�0 �

13254�687:9;4:<>= ?@9;ACB@4D EGFHE3IJ9;4K<>L

MON:PRQCSUTWVXQY[Z�\^]_ZC`aZRb&cedfb^ZRg�h^dicjdfkflmb^lmb^no\^]_prq^smZRktcapOhulv`awRpixrZC]zy{]_Z}|~5� ZRb&c�dXn5]aZCZRk�ZRb&co` � q^ca]_ZRZ \WdXc�caZC]ab�`�y{]ap5k�d�h^dXc_dXq�dr`aZ(pry]ap�pXc_ZCh�\^����s�p5nrZRbWZ}calvw�ca]_ZRZ�`R�K���^lm`G\^]ap5q^smZRk�lv`Gd0bWdic � ]jdXsuZ}��|caZRb�`�lmprb�pXyKca�WZ�ca]jdrhul�calmprbWdrs������^����kodi�ul�k � k�drnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c` � q^ca]_ZRZ���\^]_prq^smZRk��K��p0`�p5s�x5ZGca�WZ�\^]_prqWs�ZCk(�ig8Z��W]_`�c3\W]aZ�`�ZCb5cdHb^pix5ZRs�wCdXb^p5b^lvwRdXs�y{pr]_k�y{pr]8s�Z�diy�| smdrq�ZCs�Z�h�ca]_ZRZ�`�drbWh�drbOZ}¡�|w}lmZRb&czc_]aZCZ¢Z}�u\WdrbW`al�p5bOdXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k�y{pr]�nrZCb^ZR]jdic_l�b^n�wRdXb�hulmhWdicaZ` � q^ca]_ZRZC`8smZRx5ZRs@q��Os�ZCxrZCs£�:Y.Z�c_�^ZRb�`a�^pig��^pig�c_p�Z}¡Ow}lmZRb&casm�hulm`_w}pix5ZR]�dXsms�y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&codXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&c�` � quc_]aZCZC`�y{]_prk�d.nrlmxrZCb`�ZRcHpXy¤\^����s�p5nrZRbWZ}calvwfca]_ZRZ�`R��ca�^]_p � nr��dXb��e\W]almpr]_l¥| sml�¦5Z�hWdic_dkflmb^lmb^nOdX\W\^]ap&drwj���zY[Z§h^lm`_w � `_`�c_�^Z§w}p5]a]_ZCw}cab^Z�`a`�drbWh�w}prkf|\^s�ZRcaZCb^ZC`_`:pXy�ca�^Z¤\^]_pr\;p5`aZCh§k�Z}ca�Wp�h��:¨G�u\�ZC]almk�ZRb&c_drs&]_ZC` � s�c_`huZRk�prb�`©c_]_dXcaZ¤c_�Wdic�ca�^Z�\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�h�k�Z}ca�Wp�h�wRdXbªhulm`_w}pix5ZR]Glmbu|caZR]_ZC`�calmb^n�\WdXc�caZC]ab�`0y{]ap5k«hul�¬;ZC]aZCb5c�\^����smprnrZCb^Z}c_lmw§ca]_ZRZ�`0y{pr]k � s�calm\^smZ�`a\;ZCw}lmZC`C�����^ZodXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^ko`�g�ZC]aZfl�k�\^smZRk�ZCb5c_ZCh[l�b­¤®�® drbWh�l�b&c_ZRnr]jdic_ZCh�lmb&cap¢drb�prb^sml�bWZ¯cap�prsm¦�l¥c��Ug¤�^lmwj��lv`>y � s�sm�pr\;ZR]jdicalmprb�dXs>dXbWh(drwCw}Z�`a`al�qWs�Z�prbªca�WZ�Y[p5]asvh�Y�lvhuZHY.ZRq��° ±}² QCSi³�´3µKVXQ�¶�³ ²·¢l�¬;ZC]aZCb&cKc_�^ZRp5]almZC`Kw}p5bWw}ZC]abWl�b^n�ca�WZ8ZCxrp5s � c_l�p5bWdX]_�0�^lm`�cap5]a��pryca�^Z�`adrk�Z¢`�ZRc8pry�`�\;ZCwRl�Z�`zpry�caZCb�]_ZC` � s¥c8l�b(hul�¬;ZC]aZCb5c8\^����s�p5nrZ}|b^Z}c_lmw0c_]aZCZC`C�G���^lm`es�Z�drh^`�c_podfy � bWh^drkfZCb&c_dXs�]aZ�`�Z�dX]jwj��\^]_prqu|s�ZCk¸lmb \^���&smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvwR`C¹¯�^pig�c_pOhuZ}c_ZR]_k�l�b^Z�c_pOg¤�WdXceZ}��caZCb5cc©g�p(hul¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c�����\�prca�^ZRcalvwRdXs:\^����smprnrZCb^Z}c_lmwHca]_ZRZ�`�]_ZRn&dX]jhulmb^nca�^Z8`adrkfZ�`�ZRc3pXyucjdi�^d¤�WdUx5ZGlmb§w}p5kfk�p5b��3�3]_d5hul�calmprbWdrs�sm�r�Cca�^lv`\^]ap5q^smZRk�wRdrbHq�Z8\Wdr]�c_lmdrs�sm�0drbW`ag�ZC]aZ�h�q&��wRprk�\ � c_l�b^n0dekodi��|l�k � kºdrnr]_ZRZRk�ZCb5cG` � quc_]aZCZ��£�����^�e�:pXy;ca�^Zec©g�p�h^dXc_d�ca]_ZRZ�`R��eb'dXn5]aZCZRk�ZRb&cH` � quca]_ZRZoq;Z}c©g8ZRZCb/c©g�p�c_]aZCZC`�»�¼fdrbWh.»@½Olm`df` � qW`�ca] � w}c � ]_Z�pXy:» ¼ dXbWh(» ½ prb�g¤�^lvwj�(ca�^Z�c©g8pfca]_ZRZC`¢dX]_Zca�^ZH`_dXk�Zo¾ ¿^�WÀu��Á�Âu��Á5ÁÄÃÅ����k�dX�ul�k � k�drnr]_ZRZRk�ZCb5c¤` � quca]_ZRZ�����0�u�e�8q�ZRc©g�ZCZRb�» ¼ dXbWh(» ½ lm`¤drb�drnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c�` � quc_]aZCZ0pry» ¼ dXb�h§» ½XÆ y � ]aca�^ZC]ak�pr]_Z�ca�^ZC]aZ8lm`:bWp�prca�^ZC]GdXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&cK` � qu|ca]_ZRZ¢pry�» ¼ dXb�ho» ½ ca��dic��Wdr`zkfp5]aZ�s�Z�dUxrZ�`:ca�WdrbOc_�^Z����0�u���

���WZ/�-���u�Ç\W]ap5q^s�ZCkÈg8d5`O��]_`�c�`�c � hul�Z�hq���ÉKlmbWhuZRbdXbWhÊ0p5]_h^prb�¾�ÁCÂUà�Ë���^Z[d � ca�^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh�d��^Z � ]alv`©c_lmwdXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^kÌy{pr]§�WbWhulmb^n�c_�^Zª�-���u�Ëpry�c©g�p�qWl�bWdr]a�/]_p�pXcaZ�hca]_ZRZC`C�Kg¤�^lmwj��] � b�`Hlmb/calmkfZ�Í��{Î�ÏU�Ä�¯g¤�^ZC]aZ�ÎÐlv`�c_�^Z�b � kf|q�ZC]§pXyebWp�h^ZC`�l�b�d ca]_ZRZr�-Y.dr]ab^pigÇÑRÒ�ÓXÔ�Õ�¾�ÁrÁÄÃ8smdXcaZR]fn5dUx5Z

Öj×KØ©ÙiÚjÛ�ÜÅݤةÞ}Ü8ßjàKá�Ú_ÜÅâ�Ø�ÝeÚ_Ü£ãåä©æaç@è@ßÄݤÙUé�Ü£Ø�Û�êCä©ãåØ©ÞUä©Ø�ÚjÞUëOê}Ü Ú_Ü£ãåæ£ìÜ£ãåä©æaçWê}Ü Ú_Ü£Ø0í�ÞUã î}Ø©ÛÅæ£ã Ü�ïHßjàKð�Øòñ/ó;ßÄÛ£ôrç�è@ßÄõåõåØ©öÄØeÚ_Ü8÷KÞUØ©ßÄÞRÜÅÚ�ç�ø3Ú©î�ãåÞ�Øù ÚjÛ£ôRñ�Ú©ï}çr÷KÞUØ©ßÄÞRÜÅÚ�çrð�ó'ú�ûÄüÄýÄþ�çXíKêCÿ����©âiÚjÞUöÄæ��KßÄÞUØ©ßÄÞRÜÅÚ�� Ø©ëUé��� ãåßÄãåÞ�à�ßÄÛÅÝeÚ_Ü£ãåä©æ@è@Ø©ÞRܣةÛ�ÚjÞUë¢×KØ©ÙiÚjۣܣݤةÞRÜ@ßjà^è@ßÄݤÙUé�ܣةÛ�êCä©ãåØ©ÞUä©Ø}ç

ð�Øòñ� }Ø©Û£æÅØòï���Þ�æ£Ü£ã ÜÅé�Ü£Ø8ßjà��uØ©ä âUÞ�ßÄõåßÄöjïRç5í�ÞUã î}Ø©ÛÅæÅã Ü�ï��3Ø©ãåöÄâ}ÜÅæ�çrð3Øòñ�ÚjÛ£ôrçð� �þ��Cú�þÄý�çrí:êRÿ��¥ñ�ÚjÞUö����KÞ��£ã Ü�� Ø©ëUé�

drb[Í��{Î ½ ��dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k dXbWh[ÉWdr]_d5wj��Ñ}Ò¢ÓXÔ�Õ�¾ ÀUï\^]_ZC`aZRb&caZ�h�dXbÍ���Î ¼�� Ï����� �Î���drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k g¤l�ca��hul¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c¯w}p5bW`©c_]_drl�b&c�d5`a` � k�\u|c_l�p5bW`�p5b[c_]aZCZ�cap5\�p5s�p5nrlmZC`C�oY��^ZRb/c_�^Z����0�u��\^]ap5q^smZRk«lv`n5ZRb^ZC]_drs�l�!RZ�h�y{]_prk c©g8p�c_]aZCZC`�cap�k � s¥c_l�\^smZfca]_ZRZ�`R�@c_�^Zo\^]_prqu|smZRkËg�dr`�`a�^pig¤boc_p�q;Z�\�p5s���b^p5kflvdXs�|ÅcalmkfZ�`aprsmxUdrq^smZey{pr]8c_]aZCZC`g¤l�ca��q;p � b�huZCh�huZCnr]_ZRZC`�¾ ¿u��ÀUÃÅ��É^pr]�c_]aZCZC`¤g¤l�ca� � b�q;p � b�huZChh^ZRnr]_ZRZ�`R�&c_�^lm`�\W]ap5q^s�ZCktlv`#"%$¯| �Wdr]_h[¾ ¿�à�G�eb�p5qW`�ZC]axidXcalmprb�lv`c_�Wdic§d����0�u�ºpXy�k � s�calm\^smZoca]_ZRZ�`�lm` � ` � drs�sm�-pry8`ak�drs�s�`�l�!RZdrbWh§ca� � ` � b^lmbuy{p5]akodic_l�x5Zr�iZ�`�\;ZCwRlmdrs�sm�Hg¤�^ZCbfd0svdX]_nrZ8b � k§q;ZR]pryKh^dXc_d�ca]_ZRZ�`¤dX]_Z � bWhuZC]ew}prb�`�lvhuZR]jdic_l�p5b[¾�ÁrÁRÃÅ�ÉWpr]§ZR�^dXk�\^smZr�:d�`©c � hu��&('&À*)[¾ ¿rÂUÃ�l�b'�3]aZCZ�+����^¨Ë¾ ¿-,�Ã`a�^pige`@c_�Wdic3q^l�p5s�p5nrlv`©cj`@q � lms¥c:de`aZ}c�pry&��xrZ¯\^����s�p5nrZCb^Z}c_lmwKc_]aZCZC`y{p5]G`�l��/.�dXkodXk�ZCs�lv`©| ]_ZRsvdicaZ�h�`a\;ZCw}lmZC`C�:¨zdrwj�fpXy;ca�WZ��WxrZ�c_]aZCZC`h^ZR\^lvwÄcj`Hd(�&��\;pXc_�^ZC`alm`�drq�p � c�ca�WZoZRxrp5s � calmprbWdr]a� �^lv`�capr]_��pryc_�^ZO`al¥��`�\;ZCwRl�Z�`R�(���^ZO`al¥�/`�\;ZCwRl�Z�`HdX]_ZO`��Wpig¤b[lmb'�3drq^smZ Ár�drbWh�ca�^Z��Wx5Z \^����s�p5nrZRbWZ}calvwªca]_ZRZ�`odX]_Z�`a�^pig¤bÐl�bÐc_�^Z��W]j`©cc©g8pÐ]apige`ªl�b�ÉKl�n � ]_Z Á5�����^Z/q;pXc�c_prk ]_pig pryfÉKl�n � ]_Z Á`a�^pige`Hca�^]_ZRZ(` � q^ca]_ZRZ�\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`C¹10�2 ¼ �30�2 ½ drbWh40�265X�7.¢ZR]_Zr�0�2 ¼ dXbWh�0�2 ½ dr]aZª�����u�¤`�pXy¤c_�^ZO��xrZO\^����smprnrZCb^Z}c_lmwoca]_ZRZC`C�`almbWw}Zoc_�^ZR�'dr]aZO` � quc_]aZCZC`�pXy¢drs�szca�^Zª�WxrZ�\^���&smprn5ZRb^lmZC`�dXbWhbWp�pXc_�^ZR]f` � q^ca]_ZRZC`Hp�wCw � ]_]_l�b^n lmb�drs�szca�^Z��WxrZO\W�&��smprn5ZRb^lmZC`��dUxrZ�`�l�!RZ�`esvdX]_nrZC]�ca�Wdrb�ca�WdXc¢pXy30�2a¼�dXb�h8092©½r�¤���^ZH\WdXc�caZC]ab0�2 5 lv`Hd�` � q^ca]_ZRZ�pXy�ca�^]_ZRZOh^dXc_dªca]_ZRZ�`�prb^sm�r��bWdXk�ZRsm�82a¼i�:2 5drbWh;2 Ï �&dXbWh§ca�^ZC]aZRy{pr]_Z�b^pXczd����0�u� pXy;ca�^Z��Wx5Zeh^dicjd�ca]_ZRZC`C�"¢ZRx5ZR]aca�^ZCs�Z�`a`C�il�bf\^����s�p5nrZCb^Z}c_lmwC`R�<0�2 5 lm`:bWpXc¯b^ZCwRZC`_`adr]almsm�0smZC`_`lmbuy{p5]akodic_l�x5Z.ca�Wdrb=092a¼[p5]>0�2©½/y{pr]�c©g�p�]_ZCdr`aprb�`R¹���lv�(c_�^Zb � k�q�ZC]GpXy@smZCdUxrZ�`KpXy?092 5 lm`¯\W]ap5kflmb^ZCb5c_s���nr]_ZCdXcaZR]Kc_�WdXbfca��dicpryHca�WZ[c©g8p������u�Ì\WdXc�caZC]ab�`@0�2a¼[dXb�hA0�2©½ Æ dXbWh��{lmlv�@0�2 5puwCw � ]j`�lmb�d¢k�dB©pr]_l¥c©��pryuca�^Z�h^dicjd¤c_]aZCZC`C�3� prcalmxUdXcaZ�hHq��0ca�^lv`p5qW`aZR]_xUdXcalmprb��Kg8ZO\^]_pr\;p5`aZOd b^ZRgJc_]aZCZOk�l�bWl�b^n.dXsmnrp5]al�ca�^k��wCdXsms�Z�hDC�E�F-G H�IKJML�N<OÅ�Xcap�d � c_prkodic_lmwCdXsms���hulm`_w}pix5ZR]¯dXsms�y{]_Z ~&� ZRb&cdrnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&cz` � q^ca]_ZRZC`Gy{]ap5k�dHnrlmxrZRbO`aZ}c�pXy�\^����s�p5nrZCb^l�Z�`R�rl£� Zr�m�p � ]odXsmnrp5]al�ca�^k g¤lmsms��WbWhÐp � cob^prcoprb^sm�P0�2 ¼ dXbWhQ0�2 ½ �8q � cdrsm`apR09265r�^g¤�^ZCb�dr\^\^sml�Z�hOc_p�ca�^ZHdrq�pix5Z�ZR�^dXk�\^smZr�°TS�° UDVXW T^Q V ´ZY ³�S\[^] ]jhuZR]_ZChca]_ZRZ�k�lmb^lmb^n�\^]_prq^smZRko`��dUxrZ�q�ZCZRb�`�c � h^l�Z�h q��Ð`�ZCxrZR]jdXs¤]_ZC`aZCdr]_wj�WZR]j`R���¢`_dXlfÑ}Ò�ÓiÔ�Õ¾ _UÃ�\^]_pr\;p5`aZCh�d�]_l�n5�5c_k�p5`�cOZ}�u\WdXb�`�lmprb�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k c_p��WbWhlmbWh � w}ZCh ` � quca]_ZRZ�`ªlmb]_p�pXc_ZCh�p5]_huZC]aZ�h�ca]_ZRZ�`R�Ë�¢s�k�p5`�c�l�bc_�^Z�`_dXk�ZH\;ZR]_lmp�h��a`@dr¦�l�lmbWhuZR\;ZRb�huZRb&casm��huZCxrZRsmpr\;ZCh `almkflmsvdX]c_ZCwj�^bWl ~&� Z�`fwCdX\Wdrq^smZªprye�WbWhulmb^n.y{]_Z ~&� ZRb&c�ZRk�q�Z�h^huZChÐ` � qu|c_]aZCZC`¯lmb�d�y{p5]aZ�`©c�pXy>]ap�prcaZChfp5]_huZC]aZ�h�ca]_ZRZC`�¾ _-bUà��czdrb^nªÑRÒGÓiÔ�Õ¾ _-,UÃz`©c � hulmZCh[ca�^Z�c_]aZCZ�k�lmb^lmb^n \^]_prq^smZRk lmb[ca�^ZOwRprb&caZR�&c�pryd0�8e k�drbWdXn5ZRk�ZRb&c��Kq��'d5h^dX\uc_l�bWn�ca�WZª]_l�n5�&cak�p5`�c§Z}�u\Wdrbu|`almprb�`awj�WZRk�Zocap[`�p5s�x�lmb^n-d�y{]_Z ~&� ZCb5c;d��8e ~&� ZC]a�.\WdXc�caZC]ab

222

Page 2: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

�3drq^s�Z.Ár¹ ���^Z�`al¥� `a\;ZCw}lmZC`�lmb ca�^Z `�c � hu� &('5ÀX) `�capr]_ZCh�l�b��]_ZRZ�+8�0�u¨e���\�Z�w}lmZC`¤b�dXk�Z e�drq�ZCs.¢dXkodrkfZCs�lv` x�lm]an5l�bWlmdrbWd Á.¢dXkodrkfZCs�lv` x5ZR]_bWdXsmlv` ¿.¢dXkodrkfZCs�lv` k�ZR��lvwRdrbWd _.¢dXkodrkfZCs�lv` B�dr\�p5b^lvwRd 'É^pXc_�^ZR]_nrlmsmsmd kodB©pr] ,.¢dXkodrkfZCs�lv` k�p5s�smlm` b

6

4

1

46

32

3

1

2

t t

st st st

t

2 3

4 5

21 3

5

4

3

1 56

2

1

4

12 63 5

5

4 6

3 2

t

4

65

2 1 2

t1

5

4 6

3

2 1

É3lmn � ]aZ[Ár¹����^Zª�Wx5Zªh^dXc_d c_]aZCZC`�prqucjdXlmb^ZCh'y{]ap5k ca�^Z`©c � hu� &('&À*)�dr]aZ.hulv`�\^svdU�rZ�h�l�b ca�WZ-�W]j`�cªc©g8p�]_pige`R����^]aZCZ�` � quca]_ZRZ�`§dr]aZOhulv`a\^smdU�5ZCh.lmb�ca�^Zªq�prc�c_prk ]apig��g¤�^ZR]_Z 092 ¼ drbWh 0�2 ½ dr]aZ����0�u�¤`C�^q � c 0�265�lv`�b^pXc��

hulm`_w}pix5ZR]_�/\^]ap5q^smZRk���Y/dXb^n�ÑRÒ�ÓiÔmÕ�¾ _^ÁÄÃe\^]_ZC`aZRb&c_ZCh�d/hu�&|bWdXk�lvw�\W]ap5nr]jdXk�k�l�b^n0dXsmnrp5]al�ca�^k�y{p5]K�WbWhulmb^n0ca�^ZewRprbW`aZRb�` � `pXy�c©g8p§n5ZRb^ZC]_drs^ca]_ZRZ�`R��g¤�^lvwj�Og�dr`8dX\^\Ws�lmZChOcap§k�prcal�y��WbWh^l�b^nl�b�� "���`�Z�w}prb�h^dX]_�O`©c_] � wÄc � ]aZ�`R�

�òbÐc_�^Z�dX]_ZCd[pXy � b^pr]jhuZC]aZ�h'c_]aZCZ(k�lmb^lmb^nW� d¢lvdXp�ÑRÒfÓiÔmÕ¾ _-_UÃ�\^]_pr\;p5`aZCh(dXb�Z}¡OwRl�ZCb5c¤y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&c¢` � q^ca]_ZRZ�k�l�bWl�b^nª`�p5s � |calmprb ca�^]_p � n5� \�dica�>B©prlmb^lmb^n/pr\;ZR]jdic_l�p5bW`R���¢`_dXl§ÑRÒ�ÓXÔ�Õ�¾ 'XÃdXbWh7"¢l B�`_`�ZCbÑ}Ò�ÓiÔmÕ'¾ ¿_UÃ8l�bWh^ZR\;ZRbWhuZCb&casm�/h^lm`_w � `_`aZCh�dXb/Z�`©|`�ZCb5c_lmdrs�sm�¢lvhuZCb5c_lmwCdXs � b^pr]jhuZC]aZ�hec_]aZCZGZRb � k�ZR]jdic_l�p5b0caZCwj�Wb^l ~&� Zy{pr] � b^p5]_huZC]aZ�h�` � quc_]aZCZ�k�lmb^l�bWnW�G� p5]aZ0]aZ�w}ZCb5c_s��5� ­ �^lzÑRÒ8ÓiÔmÕ¾ )CÃ�]aZC\�p5]�c_ZCh/d�`�ZRcHpXy�kfp5]aZowRprk�\^smZ}caZOdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^ko`�cap��WbWhy{]aZ ~5� ZRb&c¤l�bWh � w}Z�h ` � q^ca]_ZRZC`�lmb�q�prca��]_p&prcaZ�h(drbWh � b^]_p&prcaZ�h� b^pr]jhuZC]aZ�h(ca]_ZRZC`C������dr`a�Wd-ÑRÒ¤ÓXÔ�Õ�¾ ¿XÀUïhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh�k�Z}c_�^puh^`cap��WbWh�wRp � `al�b�\Wdrl�]j`:lmb � b^pr]jhuZR]_ZCh�c_]aZCZC`:g¤l�ca�OdX\W\^s�lvwRdXcalmprbW`capO\^����smprnrZCb��r�eÉ^p5]�dªw}prk�\^]_ZR�WZRbW`al�x5ZH` � ]ax5ZR��pry¯ca]_ZRZ�kflmbu|l�b^nªk�Z}ca�Wp�hW`�drbWh�dX\W\^s�lvwRdXcalmprbW`C�^c_�^Zf]aZ�drhuZC]elm`�]_Z}y{ZR]_]_ZCh(cap¾ ,�à�

�òb�\�dX]jdXsms�ZCsXg¤l¥c_��ca�^ZGca]_ZRZGk�lmb^l�bWne]aZ�`�Z�dX]jwj���}n5]_dr\^��kflmbu|l�b^n¢lm`Kdew}smp5`aZRsm�0]aZCsmdXcaZCh0��ZRsvh�g¤�^lvwj���Wdr`3dXsv`�peq;ZRZCbHlmb5c_ZRbW`aZRsm�`©c � hulmZCh�h � ]_lmb^n�ca�^Zz\Wdr`�c3huZ�wRdrh^Zr��� � ]jdXk�puwj�^lrdrbWh���dX]_��\^lm`Z}��caZCbWhuZChfc_]_d5hul�calmprbWdrsuy{]aZ ~&� ZRb&czl�caZCk�`aZ}c�dXsmnrp5]al�ca�^ko`e¾�Á��iÃWcap

��bWhoy{]_Z ~&� ZCb5c�\WdXc�caZC]ab�`�lmb(nr]jdX\^��hWdic_dW� czdXbªdrbWhD.�dXb.¾ _<'iÃ\W]ap5\�p&`�Z�h�d¤b^pixrZCs5wCdXb^p5b^lmwCdXs5nr]jdX\^��y{p5]ak�cap¢�WbWh�w}smp5`aZCh0y{]_Z}|~&� ZCb&c3` � q^nr]jdX\^��`R�:. � dXb�ÑRÒ�ÓiÔmÕ¯huZRx�lv`�Z�h�dehul�¬;ZC]aZCb&cKwRdrb^prbWl¥|wCdXs&y{pr]_k�cap�ZR¡owRl�ZCb&casm�§hulv`awRpixrZR]�y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&cG` � q^nr]jdX\^��`�lmb§c_�^Z\W]aZ�`�ZCbWw}Z�pXyzlv`�p5k�pr]_\^�^lv`�k ¾�Á9'ià�HÉ^p5]¢c_�^Z�]aZ�drhuZC]_`¢g¤�^p(dr]aZlmb&caZC]aZ�`©c_ZChfl�bfc_�^Z¢`�c_dic_Z¤pXy;ca�^Z�dX]acGpXy@nr]jdX\^�fk�l�b^lmb^n��r\^smZCd5`�Z]_Z}y{ZC]�capod�` � ]ax5ZR�o\Wdr\�ZC]§¾ _&¿�Ã�q���Y/dr`a�^lmp�drbWh(� pXc_p�hWd^�

] � ]¤g8pr]_¦�hul�¬@ZR]j`8y{]ap5ktca�WZHdXq;pixrZ�dX\^\W]ap&drwj�^Z�`zlmb(c©g�pg�dU�u`R�3É3lm]j`©c��rlmbfwRprb&ca]jdr`�c3c_p0ca�^Z¤n5ZRb^ZC]_drs5c_]aZCZC`¤¾ _u�<_-bu�r¿_u�X)CÃ`�c � hul�Z�h�q���\^]_ZRx�lmp � `¤]_ZC`aZCdr]_wj�WZR]j`R��g8ZHdX]_Z�wRprbWwRZR]_b^ZCh(g¤l�ca�smZCdXy�|ÅsvdXq;ZRsmZCh c_]aZCZC`og¤�^lvwj��dX]_Z�w}p5k�kfp5b^sm� � `aZChÐc_p�kfpuhuZCsZCxrp5s � c_l�p5bWdX]_���^lv`©c_pr]_l�Z�`opXy�]_ZRsvdic_ZChÐ`�\;ZCwRl�Z�`R����ZCwRprbWh��8p � ]g8pr]_¦g�dr`[hulm]aZ�wÄcasm��kfprcalmxidicaZ�h�q���ca�^ZÐ�����u� \W]ap5q^s�ZCk`�c � hul�Z�h�l�b�w}p5k�\ � c_dXcalmprbWdrsH\^����s�p5nrZCb^Z}c_lmwC`R� ���^lv` kodX¦5ZC`p � ]OdXsmnrp5]al�ca�Wk�` � b^l ~&� Z5��q�Z�wRd � `�Z�c_�^Z-` � quca]_ZRZ�`�g�Z k�lmb^Zy{p5]'dX]_ZÐh^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c�y{]_prk c_�^Z�\WdicacaZC]abW`.y{p � bWh�lmbJdrs�s�c_�^Z\W]aZCx&lmp � `Ðca]_ZRZ�k�lmb^l�bWnt\WdX\;ZR]j`C� ÉWpr]�ZR�udrk�\^s�Z5�4`@dX¦�l `�3]_ZRZRk�lmb^ZR]�lv`Od.\�pig8ZR]ay � sedrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k cap/k�l�bWZ ZRk§q;ZChWhuZCh` � quc_]aZCZC`¢y{]ap5k pr]jhuZR]_ZCh(c_]aZCZC`C��q � c��Wlm`�ZRk�q�Z�h^huZCh[` � quca]_ZRZh^Z}�Wb^l�calmprb(lv`�]jdic_�^ZR]8c_prsmZR]jdXb&cC�(+8�Ow}prb&c_]_d5`©c���drbªdrnr]_ZRZRk�ZCb5c` � quc_]aZCZ�l�b�ca�^Z�\W�&��smprn5ZRb��tw}p5b5c_Z}��c�lm` � b^pr]jhuZR]_ZCh�dXbWhh^ZRkodXbWhW`Hc_pr\;prsmprnrlvwRdrsG]_ZC`�ca]_lmw}calmprbW`§prb'xidXsmlvh'ZRk�q�Z�h^hulmb^n5`C�­ �Wl� `�g8pr]_¦ lm`Hd(]_ZCwRZRb&cHq^]_ZCdX¦&c_�^]ap � nr�[l�b � bWpr]jhuZR]_ZCh-ca]_ZRZk�lmb^lmb^n Æ �Wpig�ZCxrZR]����Wlm`fdXsmnrp5]al�ca�^ko`���bWh�lmbWh � wRZCh'` � quc_]aZCZC`y{]_prk � b^p5]_h^ZR]_ZCh(ca]_ZRZ�`�h^Z}�Wb^Z�h lmb�ca�WZ§nrZCb^ZR]_lvw�ca]_ZRZf`awRpr\;Zr�]jdic_�^ZR]�c_�WdXb�ZCk§q;ZCh^h^ZCh�` � quca]_ZRZ�`�y{]_prk«smZCdXy�|ÅsvdXq;ZRsmZCh[c_]aZCZC`� `�Z�h lmb�\^����s�p5nrZRb���]_ZC`aZCdr]_wj���Ç� p5]aZCpixrZC]C�¢ca�^ZC]aZ'dr]aZ/b^p`�ca]jdXlmnr�&cay{pr]_g8dr]_h�g�dU�u`Gc_p�d5h^dX\^c�\W]aZCx&lmp � `�k�ZRca�^puh^`8c_p�c_�^Z\W]ap5q^s�ZCkºg¤�Wlmwj��ca�^Z�\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�h@C:E�F*G H IKJML\NO@lm`8huZ�`�lmnrb^Z�h�y{pr]��] � ]ªc_]aZCZ[k�lmb^lmb^n�k�Z}ca�Wp�hca� � `/B©p5l�b�`(ca�^Z/kodXb���pXc_�^ZR]j`drs�]_ZCd5hu��huZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh�¾ _u�?_-bu�a_-,��a_^Ár� _-_u� 'W��¿_^�?)u��¿XÀUà�§���^Zh^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRbWwRZ�lv`�ca�WdXc�c_�^Zªdrnr]_ZRZRk�ZCb5c�` � quca]_ZRZ�`Hc_p-q;Zªk�lmb^ZChy{p5] dr]aZ � b^pr]jhuZR]_ZChËdrbWhËZCk§q;ZCh^huZ�h>� ���^lm` kodX¦5ZC`�c_�^Z\W]ap5q^s�ZCk dXc§�WdrbWh � b^l ~&� Zr�:g¤�^lvwj�'lv`§hu]jdr`�calvwRdrs�sm�[h^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&cy{]_prk \^]_ZRx�l�p � `O` � quc_]aZCZ�k�l�b^lmb^n'\W]ap5q^s�ZCko`R� "eZCl¥c_�^ZR].¾ _X)CÃbWpr]¢¾ bUÃ;wCdXb��Wb�h�Z}�^drw}casm�Hca�WZ¤y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c�drnr]_ZRZRk�ZCb5cG` � quc_]aZCZC`lmb�k � s¥c_l�\Ws�Z�\^���&smprn5ZRb^lmZC`�dr`¢p � ]0dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^ko`ehup��¢��� � `�g�Z\W]aZ�`�ZCb5czca�^Z��W]j`©c¤dXsmnrp5]al�ca�^kºcap§c_d5wj¦&smZec_�^lv`�\W]ap5q^s�ZCkºlmbOc_�^Zlmb&caZC]_hulv`_w}lm\^s�lmbWdr]a�0�WZCsmh�pXy�hWdic_d�k�l�bWl�b^n�drbWh§wRprk�\ � cjdicalmprb�dXs\W�&��smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvwR`C�°TS � � ³�� VXW�� ³ ² QRSi¶{N:µ�Q�¶�³ ² P ³�������� W ³��'¶ ²�V S ���^Zkodrl�b�w}p5b5c_]almq � c_l�p5bW`�pXyKca�Wlm`�g8pr]_¦�dX]_Z0�^l�n5�^sml�n5�5c_ZChªq�ZCs�pig�¹� $G]_pr\;p5`aZC`§drbWh�y{p5]akodrs�l�!RZ�`�d � b^l ~5� Zªy{]_Z ~&� ZCb&cfdXn5]aZCZ}|kfZCb&cº` � quca]_ZRZ�kflmb^lmb^n \^]_prqWs�ZCk y{p5] ]_p&prcaZ�h s�Z�diy�|smdrq�ZCs�Z�h�\^����smprnrZCb^Z}c_lmw�c_]aZCZC`C�

� �¢hup5\uc_`�dXbÈZ}¬@ZCw}calmxrZ \W�&��smprn5ZRb��&| dUg�dX]_Z�wCdXb^p5b^lmwCdXsy{pr]_k(�ug¤�Wlmwj��lv`�y{pr]�c_�^Z��W]j`©c�calmk�Z�cap�q;Z � `aZCh(l�b�\^���&|s�p5nrZRbWZ}calvw�ca]_ZRZ�k�l�bWl�b^n�c_p�y�drwRl�sml¥cjdic_Z�h^ZCdXsmlmb^n�g¤l¥c_� lm`apX|kfp5]a\W�^lm`akt\^]_prqWs�ZCk�`C�

� �òb5c_]apuh � w}ZC`§d \^����s�p5nrZRb��&|òdUg8dr]aZ�` � quca]_ZRZO\�dic�c_ZR]_b�Z}��|\WdXbW`almprb�`awj�^ZCk�Zr�� ·¢Z�`�lmnrbW`[d�b^pix5ZRs§drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k�� C�E�F*G H IKJML\NO �§g¤�Wlmwj��lv`� `�ZRy � s>y{p5]¤\^���&smprn5ZRb��o]_ZC`aZCdX]jwj���

223

Page 3: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

� �ebWdrs��X!CZC`oc_�^Z/w}pr]_]_ZCwÄc_b^ZC`_`OdrbWh�w}p5k�\^s�ZR�ul¥c©��pXy C�E�F��G H IKJML\NO ����WZ�]_ZC`�c0pry¯ca�^Z�\Wdr\�ZC]�lv`0pr]_n5drb^l !CZCh d5`ey{p5s�smpige`R�H��Z�wÄ|

calmprb�¿(\^]aZ�`�ZCb&c_`0qWdr`alvwfwRprbWwRZR\ucj`�dXbWh[c_ZR]_kflmb^p5s�p5nrlmZC`C����Z�wÄ|calmprb4_.huZC`_w}]_lmq�Z�`�ca�WZ>C�E�F*G H I JML�N<O�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^ko`R����ZCw}calmprb�'`��^pige` ca�^Z�w}p5]a]_ZCw}cab^Z�`a`�drbWh�w}p5k�\^s�ZRcaZCb^ZC`_`�pryoca�^ZÐdXsmnrpX|]al�ca�^ko`C�K��Z�wÄc_l�p5b/,¢\^]aZ�`�ZCb&c_`�ZR�u\�ZC]almk�ZRb&c_drs&]_ZC` � s�c_`C�K��Z�wÄc_l�p5bbªqW]almZ��W�-]aZC\�p5]�cj`0ca�^Zolmk�\^s�ZCk�ZRb&c_dXcalmprb�`©cjdic � `R���uZCwÄc_l�p5b7)w}prb�w}s � huZC`8c_�^Z�\Wdr\�ZC]C�� ��S VXW ¶��'¶ ² TuSi¶ V Pe�Z}c��-h^ZRb^prcaZ�d¢`aZ}c:pXy^svdXq;ZRsv`R�ig¤l�ca�fZCd5wj��smdrq�ZCs&]_ZR\W]aZ�`�ZCb5c_l�bWndXb ZRx5prs � calmprbWdr]a� � b^l¥c�� �¢b ZCxrp5s � c_l�p5bWdX]_� � b^l�c � b�huZR]l�b�xrZ�`©c_l�n&dic_l�p5b§wRdrb�q;Z¤d¢cjdi�uprb��Xpr]_n5drb^lm`ak��i`�\;ZCwRl�Z�`R�X\W]aprcaZRlmb��nrZRbWZr�>Z}cjwX� e�Z}c�ca�^Z�wRdr]_h^l�bWdrs�l�c©��pXy��e�>huZRbWpXcaZ�h-q���� ��¥�>q�Z �zY�l�ca�^p � c¢smp5`_`¤pXy:nrZCb^ZR]jdXsml�c©�r����wRdrb�q�Z§wRprbW`alvhuZR]_ZCh(dr`ed`�ZRc�pry \;p5`al¥c_l�x5Z�l�b&caZCnrZC]_`�CÎ3¼� �Î�½� ������� �Î����>¼� �Î����5������ W ³�� V�² V Q�¶�V QRS VXVTS ��\^���&smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvw�ca]_ZRZ 2�prb���lv`�d]ap�pXc_ZCh�smZCdXy�|ÅsvdXq;ZRsmZCh � b^pr]jhuZR]_ZChfc_]aZCZelmb�g¤�^lvwj�-�{l��zZCdrwj�osmZCdXylm`�dr`_`ap�wRlmdXcaZ�h�g¤l¥c_��d � b^l ~&� Z[svdXq;ZRs�hu]jdUg¤b�y{]_prk�� Æ �{lmlv�dXsmsHl�b&c_ZR]_bWdXs�b^puhuZ�` �WdUx5Z.bWp�smdrq�ZCsm` Æ drbWhJ�{lml�l�� d�`a\�Z�w}lvdXsb^puhuZr�HhuZCb^pXc_ZCh��u� 2��}�§lv`�huZ�`�lmnrbWdXcaZ�h�d5`�ca�WZ']ap�prc�pXyfca�^Zca]_ZRZr�oÉ � ]�c_�^ZR]_k�pr]_Zr�@c_�^Z�y�dXb^p � cHpXy8ZCd5wj�[lmb&caZR]_bWdrsKbWp�h^Zolm`dic¤s�Z�dr`�c�c©g�p��:���WZ �"!$#�Ñ�pry�c_�^Z�\^����s�p5nrZRb��R2�lm`8c_�^Z�b � k§q;ZR]pXy§l�c_`(smZCdUxrZ�`R�¤g¤�Wlmwj� Z ~&� dXsv`�ca�^Z�wRdr]_h^l�bWdrs�l�c©�ÐpXy%�¢�JÉWpr]w}prb�x5ZRb^lmZRbWwRZr�&d�ca]_ZRZ 2Gg¤l�ca� smZCdUx5ZC`zlm`8dXsv`�pfwRdrs�smZChod |ÅsmZCdXyca]_ZRZr�&�µ3N3QCS V*VTS ��c_]aZCZ 0923prbR&��[lm`¯d%�('*)}Ò,+aÑjÑ3pXyT2�prb �e�rl¥y?&���-��dXb�h10�2zwRdrb�q;Z�p5quc_drl�bWZChOq��o]_ZC`�ca]_lmw}calmb^n 2GcapHc_�^Z�s�Z�diy3`aZ}c&���ca�W]ap � nr��\^] � b^lmb^n-drs�s�s�Z�dUxrZ�` �/.0�21 &3�e�-ÉWpr]_k�drs�sm�r�ca�^Z�dXq;pixrZ�h^Z}�Wb^l�calmprbÐwRdrb'q�Z(]_ZR\^]_ZC`aZRb&caZ�h/q��4092 4 2�� 576:�g¤�^ZR]_Z 2�� 576.huZRbWpXcaZ�`�ca�WZHpr\;ZR]jdic_l�p5b(pryK]_ZC`�ca]_lvwÄcalmb^nR2�capD&��ca�^]_p � n5�/s�Z�diy¤\^] � b^lmb^nW�:dXbWh84¸huZCb^pXc_ZC`�c_�^ZOlv`�p5k�pr]_\^�^lv`�k]aZCsmdXcalmprbW`a�^lm\ªq;Z}c©g8ZRZCb�c©g8pfca]_ZRZC`C�

"¢pXc_lmwRZ�c_�Wdic��r\^] � b^lmb^n�d0s�Z�diy�kodU��c_]almnrn5ZR]:dXbfZChun5Z8wRprbu|ca]jdrwÄc_l�p5b�y{p5]�`_dic_lm`�y{��l�bWn�c_�^Zo]aZ ~&� l�]_ZRk�ZCb5c�ca�WdXc�ca�^Zfy�drb^p � cpXyWdXb���lmb5c_ZR]_bWdXs&b^puhuZ8k � `�c:q�Z�dic:s�Z�dr`�c:¿^�3��dXca�^ZCk�dXcalvwRdrs�sm�r�s�ZRc:9<;§�=9?>@;j��]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZCs��^�¤]_ZR\W]aZ�`�ZCb5c�ca�^Zo`aZ}c�pXyzbWp�h^ZC`0l�b20��092Ä��]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZCs��^�Ä��Y[ZH`_dU� 0�28lm`¢do` � q^ca]_ZRZ�pXy(2Ä�Wl�y:ca�^ZC]aZZ}�ulm`�c_`�d[kodX\^\^lmb^n[y{]ap5k ca�^Z�b^puhuZ�`�lmb29%>@;�c_p-c_�^Z�b^puhuZC`l�b09<;f` � wj��ca��dicOc_�^Z-kodX\W\^l�bWn�lm`ªdXb�lmb B©ZCw}calmxrZ y � b�wÄcalmprbA ¹B9?>@;DCE9F;j��`_dic_lm`�y{��l�b^nOca�^Z§y{prsms�pig¤lmb^no\^]_pr\;ZR]acalmZC`�y{p5]�drs�sb^puhuZC`�GH JIK.L9 >M; ¹� �=NPO(Q\��� A �RG>���TS �UNPO(Q\���RG>���{svdXq;ZRs>\^]_ZC`aZR]_xidicalmprb;� Æ� A �RG>�B.WV7Q 0YXX� A �=I��a�zl�yKdrbWhOp5b^sm�ol¥yHGZ.WV7Q 0YXX�RIu�Ä�ug¤�^ZC]aZV�Q 0YXX�=I���lm`�ca�WZ�`aZ}c3pry�huZ�`awRZRbWh^drb&c_`�pry^b^puhuZ[Io�£dXbWwRZC`�capr]\^]_ZC`aZR]_xUdXcalmprb�� Æ

� �D\:]�� A �RG>�( A �RIu��� S A �=�B\:]§�=G^ _I��a�Ä� g¤�^ZC]aZ�D\:]��RGH JIu� lv` c_�^Z smZCd5`©c wRprk�k�prb�drbWw}Z�`©c_pr]�pryG^ _I��{smZCd5`©c¢wRprk�k�prb�dXbWwRZC`�capr]�\^]_ZC`aZR]_xidic_l�p5b��Ä�

É3lmn � ]aZ¤¿0`��^pige`3c©g8p0h^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&cG¦�l�b�h^`:pXy;l�b B©Z�wÄc_l�x5Z8kodr\^\^lmb^n5`y{]ap5kËc©g�p�` � quca]_ZRZ�`�capfca]_ZRZK2Ä�GÉ^]_prktca�^Z�kodX\^\Wl�b^n�sml�bWZC`C�ul¥c

4

5151

3

4 6

2

1st

st t

t

5151

3 3

4 6

2 2

2 2

ÉKlmn � ]_Z8¿^¹����^Z�` � quca]_ZRZ#0�2a¼¯lv`:dXbHlmbWh � wRZCh�` � q^ca]_ZRZpry�c_]aZCZ 2[g¤l¥c_�ºbWp�Z�hunrZ�w}p5b&ca]jdrwÄc_l�p5bºdrbWh�c_�^Z` � quc_]aZCZ>0�2©½ lv`�dXb�ZCk§q;ZCh^h^ZCh�` � quca]_ZRZ-pXy 2oh � Zc_poZChun5Z�w}prb&c_]_d5wÄcalmprb�`R�

wCdXb�q�Ze`aZRZCb§c_�Wdic30�2a¼�lm`¯drb�lmbWh � w}ZChf` � quca]_ZRZ�pryWca]_ZRZ 23g¤�^l�smZ0�2©½�lm`¤drb�ZCk§q;ZCh^huZ�hª` � quc_]aZCZ0h � Z0capodXbªZChun5Z0wRprb&ca]jdrw}calmprb��+8prca��`al�c � dXcalmprbW`�wRdrb¸q;Z��WdXbWh^s�Z�htq��Ëp � ]�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^ko`R�M`�WS VXV � V�² Q'PCµ3NKQRS VXV S e�Z}cWao»bSc��2a¼Y �2©½� ������� �2edF��q;Zd�`aZ}c�pXy8\^����s�p5nrZRbWl�Z�`�p5b-c_�^ZosmZCdiy�`�ZRc<��dXbWh[s�ZRc;&�� q�ZOd` � qW`aZ}copryf�e�Ð���^ZRb�d.s�Z�diy�| smdrq�ZCs�Z�h�c_]aZCZ 0�2�prb &�� lv`odXbÓ�g�+_Ñ_Ñ�hoÑ�i�Òj�('*)RÒU+aÑjÑ��{pr]����u�e��y{pr]�drs�s 2ekF.lao»H�Kl�y 092�lv`§d` � quc_]aZCZªpry�ZCxrZR]_�/ca]_ZRZ�lmb�aO»H�GlÅ� Z5��� 2 ¼ � 576 4 2 ½ � 576 �����m42 d � 5�6 4 0�2Ä�n TPo�¶ �.µ � T���S VXV � V&² Q(PCµ3NKQRS VXV S � y 092��Wdr`�c_�^Z�kodX��l�|k � k�b � k§q;ZR]¯pryWsmZCdUxrZ�`3drk�prb^n0dXsms�drnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&cK` � quca]_ZRZ�`3y{pr]aO»H�^c_�^ZRb 092¤lv`0dph�Ó�q�!rh%'Ph«Ó�g�+aÑjÑ�h�Ñ�iWÒB�('*)RÒU+aÑjѧ�����0�u�e�y{p5]<ao»H���òb'ÉKlmn � ]_Z�Á5�Kq;pXc_�40�2a¼odXb�h�092©½ªdX]_ZO�����^�¤`§pryc_�^Z��Wx5Z�hWdic_d�c_]aZCZC`�lmbªc_�^Z��Wn � ]aZ5�s S V7t µ V�² Q�T*�WS VXV � V�² QPCµ3NKQRS VXV S � ` � quca]_ZRZ�p5]�\WdXc�|c_ZR]_b2u�lm`�`_dXlvhcap�q;Z�` � \^\�p5]�c_ZCh�q�� d ca]_ZRZ72(l�y:u�lv`�d` � quc_]aZCZ/pXy;2Ä� Y.Z'huZ}�WbWZ70�G7u�u�v�w k c_pÐq;Z�Á.l¥y 2 k .xao»` � \^\;pr]ac_`Wu Æ pXca�WZR]_g¤lm`aZQ0�G7u�u�v�w k lv`�Â^� ���^Zy�('Yz�z*{�+ÄÒOpryc_�^Z-` � quc_]aZCZ>0�2LS|u�g¤l�ca��]_ZC`a\;ZCwÄc�cap8ao» lv`�huZR�Wb^Z�h�dr`�@} ¼(~ k ~�d 0�G�u�u v�w kU��� ao»%� �T��ÁCÂ5Â7���:�ebªdrnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c�` � quca]_ZRZlv`f�"+aÑ"��'WÑ�iWÒ�l¥y¢l�c_`f` � \^\;pr]ac�lv`§n5]aZ�dicaZC]�ca��dXb'p5]§Z ~&� drszc_p[d� `�ZC]�|ò`�\;ZCwRl¥��ZCh�k�l�bWl�k � k ` � \^\�p5]�c(xidXs � Zr���W� Î:0�G�u3� ] � ]n5p5drs;lv`8cap���bWh�dXsms@y{]aZ ~5� ZRb&c¢dXn5]aZCZRk�ZRb&c¤` � q^ca]_ZRZC`��£Éu���u�¤`j�y{]_prk dOn5l�x5ZRb�`aZ}c0pXyG\^����s�p5nrZCb^l�Z�`eg¤�^ZC]aZHca�^Z�`�l�!RZ5��lÅ� Zr�ec_�^Zb � k�q�ZC]epXyKca�WZ�s�Z�dUxrZC`C�upXyKca�WZH` � q^ca]_ZRZC`elm`¤n5]aZ�dic_ZR]8ca�Wdrb�pr]Z ~&� dXsKcap�d � `�ZC]�|ò`a\�Z�w}l��WZCh-\WdX]jdXk�Z}c_ZR]0xidXs � Z%�W� Î:0��@�7Q�dXbWhc_�^Z�` � \W\�p5]�c�pXyGc_�^Zo` � quca]_ZRZ�`¢lv`0nr]_ZCdic_ZR]�ca�Wdrb-p5]�Z ~5� dXsKcap�W� Î:0�G�u3�n TPo�¶ �.µ � �ÅS V�t µ V�² Q T���S VXV � V�² QªP�µ3N3QCS VXVTS � y 0�2e��dr`c_�^ZkodX��lmk � k b � k�q�ZC] pry�s�Z�dUxrZC`�dXk�prb^n�drs�sªy{]_Z ~&� ZRb&cdrnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c¢` � q^ca]_ZRZC`¢y{pr]fao»H��ca�^ZCb>0�2¤lm`0dZhoÓ�q�!rh?'Ph��"+aÑ��

224

Page 4: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

��'WÑ�iWÒ¢Ó�g�+aÑjÑ�h�Ñ�iWÒ��"'*)RÒ,+aÑjÑ��£��Éu���^�e�ey{p5]/ao»H� ] q�x�l�p � `�sm�r�d'��Éu���^� kflmnr�&c���dUxrZ k�pr]_Z�smZCdUxrZ�`fca�Wdrbd'���0�u��� �òbÉ3lmn � ]aZ(Ár��0�2 5 lv`�dª��Éu�0�u�ºpXyzc_�^Zf�WxrZ�h^dXc_dªca]_ZRZ�`�lmb[ca�^Z�Wn � ]_Z�g¤�^ZRbªca�WZ/�`� Î:0�G�u�lv`¤`�ZRc¤cap ,XÂ����

� c�`a�^p � smhºq;Z�\�p5l�b&caZ�h p � c/ca�WdXc�ca�^Z�`aZ}c�pry(Éu���^�\WdicacaZR]_bW`olv`Od�` � \;ZR]ª`aZ}cOpry�c_�^Z-`aZ}c�pry��-���u� \WdXc�caZC]ab�`R����^Z dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k y{p5]OÉu���u� wRdrb��Wb�h�y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&codrnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c` � q^ca]_ZRZC`3puwRw � ]a]_lmb^n¤l�bfd¢`akodXsms5\;pr]acalmprb�pry�d¤nrlmxrZCb§h^dXc_dXq�dr`aZ�{Zr� nW��g¤l�ca��0�G�u�u ���\2:S�Á�Â7�f�Ä�3g¤�^ZR]_ZCd5`�ca�^ZOdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k y{pr]�����u�Jdrs�g�dU�u`0�WbWh^`§ca�^Z�k�dX�ul�k � k drnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c�` � quc_]aZCZC`p�wCw � ]_]_l�b^nflmb�drs�s@c_]aZCZC`�lmb(ca�^ZHh^dXc_drqWdr`aZr�� s S V�t µ V�² QOM ��S VXV � V�² Q &�µ3N3QCS VXV�� ¶�P�Vr³�� V S ���p'`aprsmxrZ(ca�WZ�ca]_ZRZ lv`�p5kfp5]a\W�^lm`ak \^]_prqWs�ZCk g¤�^lvwj�Ðlv`on5ZRbu|ZR]jdXsms���q;ZRsml�ZCxrZ�h�cap�kodX¦5Z[\�dic�c_ZR]_b k�lmb^lmb^n�l�b � b^p5]_huZC]aZ�hca]_ZRZC`[k�pr]_ZÐ`apr\W�^lm`�calvwRdXcaZ�h�ca�Wdrb c_�Wdic/lmb pr]jhuZC]aZ�h�ca]_ZRZ�`R�g�Z�\^]_pr\;p5`aZHdob^ZCg�wRdXbWprb^lvwRdrs>y{pr]_kty{p5]¢smZCdiy�| svdXq;ZRsmZChªca]_ZRZ�`R����^lm`�wRdrb^prb^lvwRdrsuy{pr]_kJg¤l�sms�drs�smpig � `¯c_pH]_ZR\^]_ZC`aZRb&cGZCd5wj�os�Z�diy�|smdrq�ZCs�Z�h � b^p5]_huZC]aZ�h0ca]_ZRZ�q&� � `�lmb^nep5b^Z � bWl ~&� Z8pr]jhuZR]_ZCh0c_]aZCZr�+8d5`�Z�h�prb�c_�^lm`(wRdrb^prbWlmwCdXsey{p5]ak��¤g8Z�c_�^ZRb�lmb&ca]_puh � w}Z�ca�^Zw}prb�w}ZR\^cªpXyHZ ~&� l�xidrs�ZCbWw}Z.w}svdr`_`�Z�`R�¢` � n5nrZC`�calmb^n�drb�Z}¡OwRl�ZCb5cwRdXb�hulmhWdicaZ�` � quc_]aZCZ0n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcalmprb(`©c_]_dXcaZRn5�r��?S£° � T ² ³ ² ¶�V5T W s ³�S � ���^Z qWd5`�lvw�dr`_` � kf\^calmprb�pXy�ca�^Z\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�h�wRdrb^prb^lvwRdrszy{p5]ak y{p5]�]_p�pXcaZ�h�\^����s�p5nrZCb^Z}c_lmw�c_]aZCZC`lm`�d�caprc_dXs�pr]jhuZR]_lmb^nH`awj�WZRk�Z¢dXk�p5b^n�s�Z�diy>svdXq;ZRsv`zlmbK�e�&g¤�^lvwj�w}prb^y{pr]_k�`§cap-ca�^Z(lmb5c_ZRn5ZR]�w}prk�\Wdr]alv`aprb�\^]_pr\;ZR]ac©�r�¯lÅ� Z5���Gca�^Zpr]jhuZR]_l�bWnopXy[��lv`�Á���¿��x�������Î��Î ® Á�� �����m�K+8d5`�Z�hprbfca�^lv`GsmZCdXy;svdXq;ZRsWpr]jhuZR]_l�bWn�`_wj�^ZCkfZ5�Xc_�^Z¢wRdrb^prbWlmwCdXs�y{pr]_k pryd¢smZCdXy�|ÅsvdXq;ZRsmZCh � b^p5]_huZC]aZ�h�c_]aZCZ 2K]aZ ~&� l�]_ZC`KdXb�dr`_`al�n5b^k�ZRb&cKpryx&lm]ac � drs>smdrq�ZCsm`�c_pOdXsms>pr]_l�n5l�b�dXsms�� � bWsmdrq�ZCs�Z�h�l�b&caZC]ab�dXs>b^puhuZ�`R���p[q�Z(k�pr]_Z�`�\;ZCwRl¥�;wX�Gn5l�x5ZRb'd�\W�&��smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvwoca]_ZRZ12Ä�GZCd5wj�l�b&caZC]ab�dXs¤b^puhuZ�pry�2fg¤lms�seq;Z-d5`a`al�n5b^ZCh�cap'd/x�lm]�c � dXs¢smdrq�ZCs£�g¤�^lmwj�olv`¯c_�^Z�`akodXsms�Z�`©cGlmb&caZCnrZR]�smdrq�ZCs�drkfp5b^nHdXsms^c_�^Z¢lmb&caZCnrZR]smdrq�ZCsm`�pry8l�c_`§wj�^l�svh.b^puhuZC`C� ] bWwRZodXsmsGl�b&c_ZR]_bWdXs¯b^puhuZ�`��WdUx5ZprqucjdXlmb^ZCh�x�lm]�c � dXs3smdrq�ZCsm`C��g8Z§wCdXb-huZR�Wb^Z§dªwRdrb^prb^lvwRdrs>y{pr]_kdr`8y{prsmsmpige`R�

���WZ0wCdXb^p5b^lmwCdXs�y{pr]_kJpXy3d§s�Z�diy�| smdrq�ZCs�Z�h � b^p5]_huZC]aZ�h�ca]_ZRZlm`Kde`a\�Z�w}lvdXsms���huZC`almnrb^Z�h�s�Z�diy�| smdrq�ZCs�Z�h�pr]jhuZR]_ZCh0c_]aZCZr�UlmbHg¤�^lvwj�dXsms�`al�q^smlmb^nHb^puhuZ�`e�{lmbWw}s � hulmb^n�q�prca�OsmZCdXy@bWp�h^ZC`GdrbWh�l�b&c_ZR]_bWdXsb^puhuZC`j�§y{prsms�pig¸d[b^p5]akodXsml�!RZCh�pr]jhuZR]��G` � wj��c_�Wdic�y{p5]fZCxrZC]a�`�lmq^sml�b^n-\WdXlm]ª�=I _G@�}�KbWp�h^Z I/dXsmg8dU�u`�dX\W\�Z�dX]j`Hq;Z}y{pr]_ZOb^puhuZG�l�b�c_�^Z§huZC\uca����]_`�c¤ca]jdUxrZC]_`_dXs¯��·0É:�e�¤p5]_huZC]¤l¥y �UN�O�Q��a�RIu����=NPO(Q\���=G@�}�

��wRwRpr]jhul�bWn§c_p�c_�^Z�dXq;pixrZ�huZ}��b^l¥c_l�p5b��ul�c�lv`�b^prc¤h^l¥¡Ow � s¥ccap�`aZRZ§ca�WdXc0dXb��(]ap�prcaZCh(\^����smprnrZCb^Z}c_lmw�ca]_ZRZ§g¤l�ca� 9 s�Z�dUxrZC`wRdXb.q;Z�ca]jdXbW`�y{ZR]_]aZ�h�cap l�c_`�wCdXb^p5b^lvwRdXsKy{p5]ak q��-d�`�ca]jdXlmnr�&c�|y{pr]_g8dr]_h�Í��U9-��·0ÉK�8| sml�¦5Z�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k��Gg¤�^lvwj� x�lv`�l�c_`�ZCxrZC]a�b^puhuZ¢pry�ca�^Z¢ca]_ZRZ�l�b(dHq;pXc�c_prkf| � \OkodXb^bWZR]�dXbWhOh � ]almb^n§ca�^Zx&lv`al¥copXy0ZCd5wj��lmb5c_ZR]_bWdXs�b^puhuZ5�zc_�^Z dXsmnrp5]al�ca�^k ]_ZRp5]_h^ZR]j`�drs�sl¥cj`ewj�^lmsmh�b^puhuZ�`R�8���^lv`¤\^]_p�wRZCh � ]aZ�c_p�ca]jdXbW`�y{ZR]edfc_]aZCZ�capOl�c_`wRdXbWprb^lvwRdrs�y{p5]ak¸lm`ewCdXsms�Z�hªdWi {�+(hoÓiÔ !$#�ÓiÒ,!={�i`z +_{jÑ���'P+_Ñ}�

ÉKlmn � ]_Z3_e`a�^pige`�drb�Z}�^dXk�\^smZGpry&c_�^]_ZRZ�h^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c�p5]_huZC]aZ�h]aZC\^]aZ�`�ZCb&c_dic_l�p5bW`�pXy8ca�WZ�`adrk�Z � b^pr]jhuZC]aZ�h-c_]aZCZr� � c�wRdrb/q�Z`�ZCZRb�ca��dic12 5 lm`�l�b�ca�^Z.wRdXbWprb^lvwRdrs¤y{pr]_k g¤�WZR]_ZCdr` 2a¼ dXb�h

2©½.dX]_Z.b^pXc�� .epig8ZRxrZC]C�¢prbWwRZ>2a¼[dXb�h 2©½.dX]_Z[b^p5]akodrs�l�!RZ�hc_pOc_�^ZRlm]0wCdXb^p5b^lvwRdXs�y{pr]_ko`R�;ca�WZ�lv`�p5k�pr]_\^�^lv`�k q�ZRc©g�ZCZRb c_�^Zc_�^]_ZRZ�]ap�prcaZCh�ca]_ZRZ�`�q�Z�w}p5kfZ�`�prq�x�l�p � `C�

1

3

3

1

1

1

3

3

1 3

3

1

1

t 32t1t

636 3

4 2 5 452 1

63

452 1

ÉKlmn � ]_Z _W¹¯���^]aZCZ¢p5]_huZC]aZ�ho]_ZR\^]_ZC`aZRb&c_dXcalmprbW`zpXy�c_�^Z`_dXk�Z � b^p5]_h^ZR]_ZCh�ca]_ZRZr�

��Si³� V SUQ � ° S ��hulm]aZ�wÄcG\^] � b^lmb^n�pXy;ca�^Z¤svdr`�cGsmZCdiy©�5qWdr`aZCh�prbc_�^Z�·0É:��pr]jhuZC]C�&pXy�dHca]_ZRZ¢lmb�l�c_`8wRdrb^prbWlmwCdXs^y{p5]akË]_ZC` � s�c_`zl�bd�` � quc_]aZCZ�c_�Wdicelv`¤`�calms�s�lmb d�wRdXbWprb^lvwRdrs@y{pr]_k(���Si³� V SUQ � �aS ��h^l�]_ZCw}c�\^] � b^lmb^n�pryGca�WZf`aZCwRprbWh svdr`�c�s�Z�diy©�q�dr`aZChOp5bOc_�^Z�·�É:� pr]jhuZR]��5pryKd§ca]_ZRZ�lmbªl�c_`�wRdrb^prbWlmwCdXs;y{pr]_k]_ZC` � s�c_`�lmb df` � quc_]aZCZ0ca�WdXcelm`¤`�calms�s�l�b d�wRdrb^prb^lvwRdrs@y{pr]_k��

.¢ZR]_Zr��d�hul�]_ZCw}co\^] � b^l�bWn�kfZ�dXbW`od/\W] � bWl�b^n/pry�d/smZCdXyg¤l�ca�Wp � c�y � ]aca�WZR]�b^p5]akodXsml�!Rlmb^n�ca�^Z�]_ZC` � s�calmb^n�ca]_ZRZr� �òb�uZCwÄc_l�p5b _^� 'W�¤l�c�g¤lms�s0q�Z.`��Wpig¤b c_�Wdicªca�^Z.hulm]aZ�wÄc�\^] � b^lmb^n\W]ap5\�ZC]�c_l�Z�`8` � n5nrZC`�c¤dXb�ZR¡Ow}lmZRb&c(B©prlmb^l�bWn�`_wj�^ZCkfZ�]_ZRn&dX]jhul�bWn�Wpig�c_p dr]a]jdXb^n5Z�ca�^Z[smd5`©c(s�Z�dUxrZ�`opXy�c©g8p | smZCdiyH` � quc_]aZCZC`c_p�prq^c_dXlmb�� ® ÁU� | s�Z�diye` � quca]_ZRZ�`�lmb/ca�^ZCl�]fwRdXbWprb^lvwRdrs¯y{pr]_kg¤l�ca�Wp � cen5prlmb^n§c_�^]_p � n5��y � ]aca�WZR]¤b^p5]akodXsml�!Cdic_l�p5b��

] bWwRZ�g8Z�dr`_`�lmnrb�x&lm]ac � drs;svdXq;ZRsv`8capflmb5c_ZR]_bWdXs@b^puhuZ�`¤dXbWhh^Z}�Wb^Z�ca�^ZwCdXb^p5b^lvwRdXsOy{pr]_k�y{p5]'s�Z�diy�| smdrq�ZCs�Z�hºca]_ZRZC`C�Oc_�^Zy{p5s�smpig¤lmb^n§c_ZR]_ko`ewRdrbªq;ZHw}smZCdr]asm�OhuZ}��b^ZCh>�Y V ¶U���@QOP�V � V � VTS �¤y�c_ZR]�dXsms�lmb&caZC]abWdrs3bWp�h^ZC`0dX]_Z�smdrq�ZCs�Z�h>�ZCxrZC]a��s�Z�diyP�[.(ÎOwRdrb�q�Z8dr`_`�puw}lvdic_ZCh0g¤l�ca�§d¤g8ZRlmnr�&c��Uh^ZRb^prcaZCh� �R�©�Ä�5g¤�^lmwj��lv`GdXb�p5]_huZC]aZ�hHsvdXq;ZRs^smlv`©cGq���wRprbWwCdic_ZRbWdXcalmb^n¢c_�^ZsvdXq;ZRsv`�pXyzdXsmsKca�^Zfb^puhuZ�`�drs�p5b^noca�WZ�\WdXca�-y{]ap5k�c_�^Zf]ap�pXc�capc_�^Z�smZCdiy©�

ÉWpr]eZR�udrk�\^s�Z5�uca�WZHg�ZCl�n5�&c_`�pXyKca�WZHs�Z�dUxrZ�`�pXy(265�l�b�ÉKlmnX|� ]aZ3_�dX]_Z¯ca�WZGy{prsmsmpig¤l�b^n�¹ � �©ÁU��lv`��RÁ� CÁ� CÁ�^� � � '���lv`��RÁ� _� �'��^�� � ,r�0lv`��RÁ� RÁ� ,��W�>dXbWh.`�p�p5b��o���^Z�g�ZCl�n5�5cj`0pXy�s�Z�diy�bWp�h^ZC`wCdXbHq;Z¤w}p5kf\�dX]_ZCh0y{]_prk�ca�WZ�k�p5`�c¯`�lmnrb^l���wCdXb&c8��s�ZRy�cak�p5`�cj�3ZRs�|ZCk�ZRb&c:h^pig¤b§c_p¢c_�^Z�s�Z�dr`�c:`al�n5b^l���wRdrb5c¤�{]_lmnr�&cak�p5`�cj��ZRsmZRk�ZCb5c��ÉWpr]8Z}�^dXk�\^smZr�5ca�WZ�g8ZRlmnr�&c�p5]_h^ZR]zpry�ca�WZ�smZCdUx5ZC`¯lmbOc_]aZCZ%2 5 l�bÉKlmn � ]_Z _flm` � ��'&��� � � b5��� � ��_&��� � � ,r��� � �Å¿r��� � �©ÁU�Ä�� V T ��¶ V PCQ W�V T � S ���^Z��^Z�dUx�l�Z�`©cKs�Z�diy©�rhuZCb^pXc_ZCh;���^�ipry;d¢ca]_ZRZ 2lv`¯c_�^Z¢smZCdXy�g¤l¥c_�oca�WZ¢�^Z�dUx&lmZC`�cGg8ZRlmnr�&c�dXk�p5b^n§dXsms^c_�^Z¢smZCdUx5ZC`pry�ca�WZ�c_]aZCZr� � y:2�lm`8lmbªl�c_`�wRdrb^prbWlmwCdXs�y{pr]_k(�&c_�^Z � � lv`¤dXsmg�dU��`c_�^Zosvdr`�cHs�Z�diy�pXy 20d5wRw}p5]_h^l�b^nªcap�c_�^ZO·0ÉK��p5]_huZC]C��l£� Zr�oc_�^Z]_lmnr�&cak�p5`�c�s�Z�diy:pXy�2Ä�� 1ºÁU��� 3S V�� o«QRS VXV S Ê0l�x5ZRb�dXb�� |ÅsmZCdXy�c_]aZCZ72(lmb�l¥cj`wCdXb^p5b^lvwRdXs&y{p5]ak��ig8Z�h^Z}�Wb^Z�l�c_`e� 1ªÁ��ò|Å\^]_Z}�W��ca]_ZRZ8cap�q;Z�c_�^Z� 1�Á��ò|ÅsmZCdXy¯` � quc_]aZCZ§p5quc_drl�b^Z�h�q��(\W] � bWl�b^nOca�^Zf]almnr�&c_kfp&`©csmZCdXy(��l£� Zr�Çc_�^Z'�^Z�dUx�l�Z�`©c smZCdiyj�ªy{]ap5k 2Ä�ÇY.Z � `aZ 2�� vÐcap]_ZR\W]aZ�`�ZCb5c8ca�WZO� 1ÐÁ�� | \^]_Z}�^�oc_]aZCZ�pXy 2Ä��:S � !t µK¶ �^T W�V�² V V �;W T^P�P É^p5]¯c©g�p�hul�¬@ZR]_ZRb&cGca]_ZRZ�` 2¯dXbWh2#"§l�b�ca�^ZCl�].wRdXbWprb^lvwRdrs�y{pr]_ko`�]_ZC`a\�Z�wÄcalmxrZCs��5��g�Z `adU�ca�^ZC�dr]aZ/lmb�ca�^Z'`_dXk�Z/Z ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZ/wRsmd5`a`C��l¥y�c_�^ZRlm] ]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZ

225

Page 5: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

� 1�Á�� | \^]_Z}�^�/c_]aZCZC`�dX]_Z�lv`�p5k�pr]_\^�^lvw�cap.ZCd5wj�'pXc_�^ZR]��GlÅ� Z5���ca�^ZC�'`��Wdr]aZ�ca�^Z�`_dXk�Z[� 1�ÁU� | \^]_Z}�^�/ca]_ZRZ5�����^Zª]_ZRsvdic_l�p5b�a`a�WdX]_l�bWn/ca�^Z/`adrk�Z-\^]_Z}�^��c_]aZCZ-g¤l�ca�Z�drwj��prca�^ZC] �/y{p5](d`�ZRc�pXy0` � q^ca]_ZRZC`�lv`�drb'Z ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZª]_ZRsvdic_l�p5b��:q�Z�wRd � `�Z�ca�^Z]aZCsmdXcalmprb/prb/c_�^ZC`aZª` � quc_]aZCZC`�lv`§]_Z���ZCwÄc_l�x5Zr�:`���k�k�Z}c_]alvwOdXb�hca]jdXbW`al¥c_l�x5Zr�f���^ZoZ ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZ�]_ZRsvdic_l�p5b-\Wdr]�c_l¥c_l�p5bW`�d�`�ZRc�pry |ÅsmZCdXy¢` � quca]_ZRZ�`�lmb&cap/hulv` B©p5l�b&co` � q�`�ZRc_`�wRdrs�smZCh�Z ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Zw}svdr`_`�Z�`R� ­ prbW`alvhuZR]�ca�^Zªca]_ZRZ�`§lmb ÉKlmn � ]_Z 'W����]_ZRZ�` 2 ¼ dXb�h2 ½ dr]aZOlmb drb'Z ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZªwRsmd5`a`C�:q�Z�wRd � `�Z�ca�^ZC�'`��Wdr]aZOca�^Z`adrkfZ/� 1�ÁU� | \^]_Z}�^��c_]aZCZr��h^ZRb^prcaZCh q��8X�����QX¼ Æ 2 5 drbWh�2 �dX]_Zªlmb�dXb^prca�^ZC]oZ ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Z wRsmd5`a`C��`al�b�w}Z(ca�^ZC� `a�WdX]_Zªca�^Z`adrkfZ � 1 Á�� | \^]_Z}�^�-ca]_ZRZr�KhuZRbWpXcaZ�h-q�� X�����Q�½5�D"¢pXcaZfc_�Wdicl�bÐca]_ZRZ@2a¼i�8dXy�caZR]o\W] � bWl�b^n/c_�^Z ]_l�n5�5c_k�p5`�cfsmZCdXy�svdXq;ZRsmZCh 'W�ca�^Z'\�dX]_ZRb&cC��u���pry�ca�^lv` smZCdiyo�Wd5` d�`�lmb^n5s�Z'wj�^lmsvh�smdrq�ZCs�Z�h_^�>x�l�p5smdXcalmb^nOc_�^Z�\^]_pr\;ZR]ac©�ªc_�Wdic�ZCd5wj�-lmb&caZR]_bWdrs3b^puhuZ�k � `©c�WdUxrZ�dXc�smZCd5`©c�c©g�p.wj�^l�svhu]_ZRb�� .eZCbWw}Z?u�lv`§]_ZRk�pix5ZCh��{Z�hunrZw}prb&c_]_d5wÄcalmprb;�Ä�;�&lmZRsvhulmb^n`X9����QX¼X���ul�k�lmsmdr]asm�r�@lmb�ca]_ZRZ;2©½X�>diy�c_ZR]\^] � b^l�bWn�c_�^Z/]almnr�&cak�p&`©c�s�Z�diyfsmdrq�ZCs�Z�h �W�¢c_�^Z/]ap�pXc��Wd5`(d`�lmb^nrsmZ wj�^lmsmh>��x�lmprsvdicalmb^n[ca�^Z-\^]ap5\�ZC]�c©�/c_�WdicOZ�drwj�Ðl�b&c_ZR]_bWdXsb^puhuZok � `�cH�WdUx5ZOdicHsmZCdr`�c�c©g8p�wj�Wl�svhu]_ZRb��D.¢ZRbWwRZoca�WZO]ap�prclm`¤]_ZRk�pix5ZCh�cap�pW���&lmZRsvhulmb^n�ca�WZ§` � quca]_ZRZHlmb(ca�^Z�w}lm]_wRs�Z5� "¢pXcaZdXsv`�p¤c_�WdicKl�bfhuZ}c_ZR]_k�l�b^lmb^n�g¤�^Z}c_�^ZR]:d¢` � quc_]aZCZzlv`�lv`�p5k�pr]_\^�^lvwcapOdXbWpXca�WZR]¤` � quca]_ZRZ5�^g�Z�cjdX¦5Z0lmb&capodrwCw}p � b&c�bWpXceprbWs���ca�^ZCl�]capr\;prsmprn5l�Z�`8q � c¢dXsv`apfbWp�h^Z0svdXq;ZRsv`¤lmb(ca�^ZCk(�

4

2 1

121core

tt

243

corett

2 1

8

3

2 13 42 1

4

2 1

84

3

2 1

3

É3lmn � ]aZ/'W¹�É^p � ]0ca]_ZRZC`�dr]aZfnr]_p � \;ZCh-l�b&c_p�c©g8pªZ ~&� l�x&|dXsmZRbWwRZ-w}svdr`_`�Z�`R����]_ZRZ�`R2 ¼ drbWh 2 ½ dX]_Z lmb�ca�^Z[`adrkfZZ ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Zfw}svdr`_`R�@g¤�^lmsmZHca]_ZRZ�`%265fdXb�h 2 � dr]aZ§l�b.dXbu|pXca�WZR]¤Z ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZ�w}svdr`_`R�

� � V � V T ��¶ V PCQ[P�µ3N3QCS VXVTS Ê0lmxrZRb d�ca]_ZRZ12Ä�3c_�^Z(�^ZCdUx�lmZC`�c` � q^ca]_ZRZfpXy 2Ä�3huZRb^prcaZ�h-q���0�2�� ò��lm`�h^Z}�Wb^Z�h[d5`�ca�^Zo` � quca]_ZRZ]ap�pXc_ZCh�dic-ca�^Z'\�dX]_ZRb&c�pXy�ca�WZ��^Z�dUx&lmZC`�c�smZCdiyopry 2Ä� ���^Z�^ZCdUx�lmZC`�c¢` � q^ca]_ZRZ�g¤lms�sKq�Z � `�Z�h(capOhuZ�`awR]almq;ZHp � ]�wRdXb�hulmhWdicaZnrZRbWZR]jdicalmprb dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k��¯g¤�^ZC]aZ(p � ]�kodXlmb wRprbWwRZR]_b�lv`f�^pigcap B©p5l�bOc©g�pH�WZCdUx�l�Z�`©c8` � q^ca]_ZRZC`C�:���^lm`�lv`zq;ZCwCd � `aZeg¤�^ZCbOc©g8pca]_ZRZC`8dX]_ZelmbOc_�^Z0`_dXk�Z�Z ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Z0w}svdr`_`R�&c_�^ZRlm]8h^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRbWwRZC`k � `�c �WdUx5Z�q�ZCZRbt]_ZC`�ca]_lvwÄcaZ�hJcap�ca�^Z �^ZCdUx�lmZC`�c ` � quca]_ZRZ�`R�] ca�^ZC]ag¤lv`�Z5�0ca�^ZC� wRdrb�b^pXc�q;Z�l�b�c_�^Z�`_dXk�Z/Z ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Zw}svdr`_`R�

��Si³�V V ´Kµ�S V�� C:E�F*G H IKJML\NOò�=ao»§�������5�±}² Kµ3Q � ao»§�^df`aZ}c¤pryK\^����smprnrZCb^Z}c_lmw�c_]aZCZC`C�

���WdfnrsmprqWdrs@xUdr]alvdXqWs�Z0y{pr]/h?!ri��('Yz@��^�Wd�w � capX¬[xUdrs � Z0pry3c_]aZCZ�`�l�!RZ5�

oµ3Q :µ3Q �� &:»H�^d�`�ZRcepXy3y{]aZ ~5� ZRb&c¢` � quca]_ZRZ�`R�Ár� &¯» ��� Æ¿u� ½���y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c¢¿U| s�Z�diy:` � q^ca]_ZRZC` Æ_^� &¯» � &¯»�� ½ Æ'W� �%\K�=N 0\0�Q 0�½��'Z ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Z�wRsmd5`a`aZC`8pXy ½ Æ,u� ¦pS�¿ Æb^��� �K¶ W V � ���fdrbWh � � ��� ® ÁU�)�� N V �;¶ ²�^� ���3¼ S��3O H�� �! #"%$ O�N�N'&��(�<\K�UNX0\0YQ 0 � � � ÆÀ^� &:»0S &:»)� �*�K¼XÆÁCÂW� �<\K�=N 0\0YQ\0 �*�K¼ ��Z ~5� l�xidXsmZRb�w}Z�w}svdr`_`�Z�`�pXy �*�K¼XÆÁrÁ5� S ® Á ÆÁ�¿^� V�² ´,+Á�_W� S V QCµ3S ²- &:» Æ

ÉKlmn � ]_Z ,u¹H�¢s�n5pr]_l¥c_�^kÇy{pr]���bWhulmb^n�y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c§` � quca]_ZRZ�`�l�b�dhWdic_drqWdr`aZ0pXyKca]_ZRZC`C�

�:S � M W ��³�Si¶{Q�� �'¶£V s SiT � V � ³�S�[ ���^Z�\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�h C�E�FY�G H�IKJML\NO5drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k�lv`�dXbH�¢\^]almpr]_l�|Åsml�¦5ZKhWdic_d�k�lmb^lmb^nek�Z}c_�^puh>�g¤�Wlmwj� \^]ap5nr]_ZC`_`�lmxrZCs��.ZRb � k�ZC]_dXcaZC`fdXsms¤wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z(` � quc_]aZCZC`y{]_prkÇdª`�ZRc�pXyG\W�&��smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvw�ca]_ZRZ�`�¾�Ár� _<bUà�����^Zfdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^klv`K` � k�kodX]_l�!RZCh�lmb�ÉKlmn � ]_Z ,^���òb^l�calvdXsmsm�r� C�E�F*G H IKJML\NO&ZRb � k�ZR]a|dXcaZ�`Kdrs�s/. 6 . 0'. 6 �>¼ .½ ¿i|ÅsmZCdXy�` � quca]_ZRZ�`R�rg¤�^lmwj��g�Z¤wCdXb§p5quc_drl�bfq��wRprk�q^l�b�dicap5]alvdXsmsm��d5`a`almnrb^lmb^no¿�hul¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c¤svdXq;ZRsv`�y{]ap5k � capOd¿i|ÅsmZCdXy � b^svdXq;ZRsmZCh c_]aZCZ�`a¦rZCs�ZRcaprb��¢· � ]almb^n(ZCdrwj� pry¯ca�^Z�` � qu|`aZ ~&� ZCb&c�l¥c_ZR]jdic_l�p5bW`R��c_�^Z[drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k wCdXsmsm`Oca�^Z.` � q^]ap � calmb^Z�3O H�� �� 1"%$ O�N�N'&H�{smlmb^Z �fl�b�ÉKlmn � ]_Z ,r��c_p��WbWhªy{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c¢` � qu|c_]aZCZC`zg¤�^p5`aZ�`al !CZC`8dX]_Zenr]_ZCdXcaZC]Gca��dXboc_�^Z�\W]aZCx&lmp � `¯y{]_Z ~&� ZRb&c` � quc_]aZCZC`>q���prbWZGs�Z�diyub^puhuZ5�3��� � `C�Cc_�^Z�wRpr]_Z¯pXy�ca�Wlm`K�e\^]_lmpr]_l¥|smlm¦rZGdXsmnrp5]al�ca�Wklv`��^pig[cap¢h^ZC`al�n5b�drb�Z}¡Ow}lmZRb&c2�3O H�� �! #"%$ O�N�N'&drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k cap'`a�u`©c_ZRkodic_lmwCdXsms���n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZ wRdrbWhulvh^dic_ZC`C�zsmZRx5ZRsq��OsmZRx5ZRsÅ��:S43 � T ² ´K¶�´KTuQ V�5 V�² V SiTuQ�¶�³ ² ] � ]¢wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z�nrZCb^ZR]jdi|c_l�p5bOk�Z}c_�^puh�drh^pr\ucj`�d�\�dXlm]ag¤lv`�Z3B©prlmb^lmb^n�`_wj�^ZRk�Z5� �òbªpr]jhuZR]y{p5]�c©g�p.y{]_Z ~&� ZCb5c | smZCdiy�ca]_ZRZ�`fcap/q�Z ZCs�lmnrlmq^smZ�y{pr]�y � ]aca�WZR]B©p5l�bWl�b^n���c_�^Z�c©g8p�` � q^ca]_ZRZC`Hk � `�c§q;ZOl�b.c_�^Z�`_dXk�ZoZ ~&� lmxidi|smZRb�w}Z�w}svdr`_`R�G��lmbWwRZ�c_�^Z�bWdXc � ]_Z�pXy3Z ~&� l�xidrs�ZCbWw}Z�w}svdr`_`aZC`�` � nX|n5ZC`�c_`�dª\WdicacaZR]_b.Z}�u\WdXb�`�lmprb.`awj�^ZCk�Z�c_�^]_p � n5�[d(]almnr�&c_kfp&`©cB©p5l�bWl�b^n�dr\^\^]_p5drwj� �{]_ZRk�l�bWlm`_w}ZCb5copry¢ca�WZ ]almnr�&cak�p&`©c�Z}��caZCbu|`almprb-`_wj�^ZRk�Z�`¢lmb�¾ _^�a_<bUÃ{�Ä�;c_�^Z§y{puw � `0pXyaB©prlmb^lmb^n(lm`¢ca� � `0prb�WpigJcap.y{pr]_k d-bWZRg«� ® ÁU� | s�Z�diyec_]aZCZªq��'wRpr]_]aZ�wÄcasm�/nrs � |lmb^nfca�WZ§¿§]_lmnr�&cak�p5`�c�s�Z�dUxrZC`8pry�ca�WZ�c©g�p | s�Z�diy�c_]aZCZC`8c_p�c_�^Zlv`aprk�pr]_\^�^lvw§\�dX]ac0pry�c_�^Zfc©g�p | s�Z�diyGc_]aZCZC`C�/"¢pXc_Z�ca�WdXc0c_�^Zlv`aprk�pr]_\^�^lvw�\WdX]ac§pry8c_�^ZOc©g8p | smZCdiy�c_]aZCZC`Hlv`�c_�^Z[� 1 ÁU� |\W]aZR�^�Oca]_ZRZ�`a�WdX]_ZChªq��oca�WZRk��

·�ZR\;ZRbWh^l�b^n(prb-g¤�Wdic0¦&lmbWh pryGcap5\�p5s�p5nrlvwRdrs�`�lmk�l�svdX]_l�calmZC`c_�^Z.c©g�p capr|Åq;Z}|�B©prlmb^Z�h | smZCdiy§ca]_ZRZC`(�WdUx5Zr��ca�^ZC]aZ/dX]_Z[c©g�pwCdr`aZC`¯lmb�g¤�Wlmwj�oc_�^Z B©p5l�bWl�b^n�pr\;ZR]jdic_l�p5bW`GwRdrbOq;Z¢\;ZR]ay{pr]_kfZ�h>�

226

Page 6: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

�òb(Z�drwj��wRd5`�Z5�up � ]edrbWdXsm�u`�lv`�`��^pige`8c_�Wdic B©p5l�bWl�b^nfc©g8p |ÅsmZCdXyca]_ZRZC`8wRdrbo\^]_p�h � w}Z0dic�k�p&`©c '§hul�¬;ZC]aZCb&c�wCdXbWhulvh^dXcaZ�� ® ÁU� |s�Z�diy�c_]aZCZC`C�� � T^P V�° Y��^ZRb�c_�^Z¯c©g8p8ca]_ZRZC`��WdUxrZ:c_�^Zz`_dXk�Z:cap5\�p5s�p5nr�r�g�Z0y � ]aca�WZR]¢wRprbW`almh^ZR]8c©g�po` � q wRd5`�Z�`R�� T^P VаTS�° Y��^ZRb[q�prca��c_�^Zf�^ZCdUx�lmZC`�c�` � quca]_ZRZ�`¢pry¯ca�^Zc©g�peca]_ZRZC`KdX]_ZGq^lmbWdr]a�0ca]_ZRZ�`R��y{p � ]3\;pXc_ZRb&calvdXs�wRdrbWhulvh^dic_ZC`wRdrb�q;Z'n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZCh��Ì�3p�y�drw}lmsml¥cjdicaZ'ca�^Z'ZR�u\^smdrbWdic_l�p5bpXy:p � ]�dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k��^g8Z��^ZR]_ZCdXy�caZC]¢drhup5\uc%"eZCg¤lmwj¦(b^prc_di|calmprb'¾ ¿<,�Ã3capO]_ZR\W]aZ�`�ZCb5cesmZCdXy�|ÅsvdXq;ZRsmZCh(c_]aZCZC`C� �òb8"eZRg¤lvwj¦b^pXcjdic_l�p5b��¯g�Z(wRdrb � `aZ[����2( �� � ¼ ��dXbWh��� 2( ���� ½ ��c_p-]_ZR\u|]aZ�`�ZCb&c�ca�WZ.�WZCdUx�l�Z�`©c�` � quca]_ZRZ�`ªpry 2 ¼ dXbWh 2 ½ ]_ZC`a\;ZCwÄ|calmxrZCs��5�eg¤�^ZR]_Z�� � ¼ drbWh�� � ½ dr]aZ c_�^Z-�WZCdUx�l�Z�`©cªs�Z�dUxrZC`l�b 2 ¼ dXb�hQ2 ½ ]_ZC`a\�Z�wÄcalmxrZCs��5�edXbWh � 2ohuZRbWpXcaZ�`oc_�^Z-smZ}y�c` � quca]_ZRZ lmb�q�prca���^Z�dUx�l�Z�`©coc_]aZCZC`O`al�b�w}Z c_�^Z�smZ}y�cª` � qu|ca]_ZRZ�`/pXy�ca�^Z�c©g8p��^Z�dUx&lmZC`�c'` � quca]_ZRZ�`/k � `�c�q;Z�ca�^Z`adrk�Zr� ] q&x�lmp � `asm�r�>lmb-c_�^Z�Z}�u\WdXb�huZCh.wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z�c_]aZCZr�����¼�dXbWh�� ��½Hw}p � svh�q�Z§`almq^s�lmb^n&`R�¤��g8pO\�p&`a`almq^s�ZHwCdXbWh^l¥|h^dic_ZC`o��dUx&lmb^n�� ��¼�dXb�h�����½�d5`O`al�q^smlmb^n5`ªdX]_Z�huZRb^prcaZ�hq���� ¼�� S � � 2( 0��LNX���=QY�u� � ��¼Y �����½��( 6 ���Q�N-2eQY�u� � ��¼� �����½����dXbWh��� ½�� S�� � 2( �� 0��WNX� �=QY�u� � ��¼Y �� ��½R�( � 7��Q�N*2eQY��������¼� �� ��½C�a���]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZCs��5� .¢ZR]_Zr�ºca�^Z ���Q�N*2eQY�u� � ��¼� �� ��½C��dXb�h0��WNX���UQY��������¼� �� ��½C��g¤l�sms�]_Z}c � ]_bg¤�^lvwj�^ZRx5ZR]ªlm`(nr]_ZCdXcaZC]dXbWh/`akodXsms�ZC]�]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZRsm�-q;Z}c©g8ZRZCb.ca�^Z�c©g8p l�b&c_ZRnrZC]_`]aZC\^]_ZC`aZRb&calmb^n�ca�WZ¢nr]_ZCdXcaZ�`©czsmZCdUx5ZC`:y{]_prkºca�WZec©g8p�ca]_ZRZ�`R���¨�drwj��smZCdiy¤�Wd5`§drb'l�b&c_ZRnrZC]§svdXq;ZRs8dXbWh��WZRbWwRZ�g8Z�wRdrbw}p5kf\�dX]_ZOc©g8p[smZCdUx5ZC`Hq��'wRprk�\WdX]_lmb^n�c_�^ZRlm]ol�b&c_ZRnrZC]_`C�å�¨¯�^dXk�\^smZC`§pXy��� ¼�� dXbWh�� ½�� dr]aZolmsms � `�ca]jdic_ZCh�q��[ca�^Z1'X|s�Z�diy�ca]_ZRZC`�� � �>¼(dXb�h�� � �;½(]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZCs���lmb�É3lmn � ]aZ@b^��eb^prca�^ZC]§g�dU�-c_p�\;ZR]ay{pr]_k«c_�^Z B©p5l�b^lmb^n[pr\;ZR]jdicalmprb/p5bc©g�p |ÅsmZCdXy�ca]_ZRZC`ªlv`Oc_p'c_dr¦rZ�p5b^Z�c_]aZCZ-dr`Oca�^Z/`a¦rZRsmZ}|cap5b��¤g¤�^lvwj��g¤l�smsec_�^ZRb�q;Z-ZR��\�dXbWhuZ�hÐq&��drhWhul�bWn/ca�^Z�^ZCdUx�lmZC`�c0smZCdXy�y{]_prk ca�^Z�pXc_�^ZR]�c_]aZCZfcap�nrZRc�d/� ® ÁU� |s�Z�diy�ca]_ZRZr��ÉW]ap5k ��ZCw}calmprb�¿u�8\^] � b^lmb^n�d[smZCdXy¢y{]_prk�dca]_ZRZ�kodU�Olmb5c_]apuh � w}Z�ZChun5Z�w}prb&c_]_d5wÄcalmprb�`R� � celm`�Z�dr`a�ocap`�ZCZ�c_�Wdic���d5`fd[]_ZRxrZC]_`aZ�p5\�ZC]_dXcalmprb��:c_p�dic�cjdrwj�Ðd-b^ZCgs�Z�diyec_p[d-ca]_ZRZªk�dU��lmb&ca]_puh � w}Z(d-bWZRgËlmb5c_ZR]_bWdXs�b^puhuZdr`zca�^Z0pr\W\�p&`�l�caZ�Z}¬@ZCwÄc8cap§ca�^Z0ZCh^nrZ�w}prb&c_]_d5wÄcalmprbop5\�ZC]�|dic_l�p5b��0���WZR]_Z}y{pr]_Zr��c©g8pªdrhWhul¥c_l�p5bWdXs:wRdrbWhulvh^dic_ZC`�g¤�^lvwj�`��Wp � svh/dXsv`�p�q;Z�w}p5bW`�lvhuZC]aZ�h[dr]aZ��� 5 � S«��� � 2( ���� ¼ �� �� � ½ �dXbWh�� � � S¸��� � 2( �� � ½ �� �� � ¼ �Ä�H¨G�^dXk�\^smZC`�pXy��� 5 � dXb�h��� � �dX]_Z�l�sms � `©c_]_dXcaZChfq���c_�^Z¤c©g8p�'r|ÅsmZCdXyWc_]aZCZC`�� � � 5 dXb�h�� � � �]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZCs��Olmb ÉKl�n � ]aZ bW�3"eprcalvw}Z�ca��dicC��dXs�ca�^p � nr���� ½��lm`�n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZ�hOq��O\ � cacalmb^n�����¼�drbWh�� ��½�dr`¤`al�qWs�lmb^n5`C���� ½��drw}c � drs�sm�Olmb5c_]apuh � w}ZC`¤dfb^ZCg lmb&caZC]abWdrs>b^puhuZr�� T^P V�° S � Y��WZRb¸q;pXc_�¸c_�^Z��^ZCdUx�lmZC`�cÐ` � quca]_ZRZ�`�pryca�^Z¸c©g�p c_]aZCZC`ºdX]_ZËk � s�cal�|£y{p5]a¦5ZCh c_]aZCZC`C� c©g8p \;pX|caZCb5c_lmdrs.wCdXbWh^lmh^dXcaZ�`wRdrbÇq�ZºnrZCb^ZR]jdic_ZCh>� � � \^\�p&`�Zca�WdXc�� 0�2a¼� ������� 0�2ed< �� ��¼}��dXb�hº��092a¼� ������� �0�2ed< �����½���dX]_Zca�^Z��^Z�dUx&lmZC`�cÐ` � quc_]aZCZC` pXy�2a¼dXb�h 2©½]_ZC`a\;ZCwÄc_l�x5ZRsm�r�g¤�^ZR]_Z 0�2a¼� �������092ed dr]aZ c_�^Z � `�lmq^sml�bWn ` � quc_]aZCZC`�{p5]-q^]jdXbWwj�WZC`j�(pXy�����¼�dXbWh�� ��½��=� � ¿�`�lmbWw}Z'ca�^Zc©g�p c_]aZCZC`ÌdX]_Z k � s�cal�|£y{p5]a¦5ZChW�}� ���^Z Z}�u\WdrbWhuZ�hwRdrbWhulvh^dic_ZC`�wRdrbJq�Z�lmbJZRl�ca�^ZC]�ca�^Z�y{p5]ak�pXy�� ¼�� S� 0�2a¼� ������� 0�2ed% 0��LN*� �=QY�u� � ��¼Y �� ��½R�� 6 ���Q�N*2eQY�u� � ��½� �����¼R���

1

3

4−4j

2

8

j4−2

3−1t

2

81

3−2t

3

32 81 1 8

32

j

81

j4−3

8

3

2

1

4−1

ÉKlmn � ]_ZRb^¹��eb/ZR�udrk�\^s�Zfy{p5] ­ dr`aZªÁ5��Á5��g¤�^lvwj�.`a�^pige`c_�Wdic B©p5l�bWl�b^n 265 �>¼ drbWh4265 �;½ wCdXbÐ\^]_p�h � w}Z dicok�p5`�cy{p � ]ewRdrbWhulvh^dic_ZC`�� � �>¼ ��� � �;½ � � � � 5�dXb�h!� � � � �

1 2 3 8

j4−1 4−2j

t 3−23−1t

2 1 82 3

83

1 2

1

ÉKlmn � ]_ZD)�¹��eb/ZR�udrk�\^s�Zfy{p5] ­ dr`aZªÁ5� ¿^��g¤�^lvwj�.`a�^pige`c_�Wdic B©p5l�bWl�b^n 265 �>¼ drbWh4265 �;½ wCdXbÐ\^]_p�h � w}Z dicok�p5`�cc©g8powRdrbWhulvh^dic_ZC`�� � ��¼ dXbWh"� � �@½ �

pr] ca�^Z y{p5]ak pry �� ½�� S� 0�2a¼� ������� 0�2ed% C� 0��LNX���=QY�u� � ��¼Y �����½��( 6 ���Q�N-2eQY�u� � ��¼� �����½����a�Ä�É3lmn � ]aZ )�`��Wpige`�ZR�^dXk�\^smZC`�pXy#�� ¼�� drbWh"� ½�� �� c�`��Wp � svh/q�Z�\�p5l�b&caZ�h/p � c§ca�WdXcHca�^Z�c©g�p ZR�u\WdXbW`almprbW`l�b ­ dr`aZ�Ár�å¿Odr]aZf`�lmk�l�svdX]0c_pOca�WZ���]_`�c�c©g8p�ZR�u\WdXbW`almprbW`l�b ­ dr`aZ�Ár�mÁr�A.epig8ZRxrZC]C�zca�^Z svdicacaZC]oc©g�p�ZR�u\WdXbW`almprbW`l�b ­ dr`aZ[Á5��Á dr]aZ(b^p.s�p5b^nrZC]�dr\^\^smlmwCdXq^smZ�l�b ­ dr`aZ.Ár�å¿u����^lm`§l�b�dX\^\^smlvwRdXqWl�sml¥c©�/wRdrb/q�Z(`�ZCZRb�q��.wRprb&ca]jdrh^lmw}calmprb��e�Z}c � `¤d5`a` � k�Z0ca�WdXc�ca�^Z�c_�^l�]jhªZ}�u\WdXb�`�lmprb�w}p5bW`�lvhuZC]aZ�hl�b ­ dr`aZ[Á5��Áªlm`odrsm`ap[dr\^\^smlmwCdXq^smZ�lmb ­ d5`�Z.Ár�å¿u�'��� � `C�y{pr]�Z}�^drkf\Ws�Z5��g�Z�g8p � svh[Z}�u\�Z�wÄc�c_�^Z�kfZC]an5ZCh.` � quca]_ZRZcapfq�Zo����Á� j¿P �_&�( �5�Ä��g¤�^lvwj��hup�ZC`�` � \^\�p5]�c��©Á� _¿� �_5�}��q � cb^pXc ��Á� j¿P �&� dic-ca�^ZÐ`adrkfZ'calmkfZ5� ���^lv`�lv`[q�Z�wRd � `�Zq&�[\^] � b^lmb^n _(y{]ap5k ca�WZol�kodXn5l�b�dX]_������Á� _¿� �_&�( �&�Ä�>c_�^Z]aZ�` � s�calmb^n�` � quca]_ZRZ/`��Wp � svh�q;Z����©Á� _¿5�( �&�Ä� ��� � `�c_�^Zca�^lm]_h�ZR�u\WdXbW`almprb lv`elmkf\;p5`_`al�q^smZr�e�º`�lmk�l�svdX]0dX]_n � k�ZCb5c\^]aZCxrZCb5cj` c_�^Z�y{p � ]aca� ZR�u\WdXbW`almprb�lmb ­ dr`aZÁ5��Á�y{]ap5kq�ZCl�b^n'wRprbW`alvhuZR]_ZCh l�b ­ d5`�Z�Á5� ¿^� �òbÐy�drw}cC��ca�Wlm`O`_dXk�ZdX]_n � k�ZRb&cOdX\W\^s�lmZC`ocap'dXsms¤pXc_�^ZR]ª` � q�wCdr`aZC`�lmb�g¤�^lmwj�Z}�u\WdXb�`�lmprb(`awj�^ZCk�ZC`¤dX]_Z�w}p5bW`�lvhuZC]aZ�h>�

� � TWP V � Y��WZRb ca�^Z�c©g�pJ�^Z�dUx&lmZC`�c�` � quca]_ZRZ�`��WdUxrZhul¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c c_pr\;prsmprnrlmZC`C�0prb^sm��prbWZ'wRdXb�hulmhWdicaZ�� ® ÁU� |s�Z�diy¯ca]_ZRZ�wRdrb�q;Z�n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZCh�����lmbWwRZ§c_�^Z§c©g8pO�^Z�dUx�l�Z�`©c` � q^ca]_ZRZC`8dX]_Z�hul¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&c8y{]ap5kËZCd5wj��pXc_�^ZR]���prb^Z0pXy�ca�^ZCk

227

Page 7: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

wRdrbOq�Z�y � ]aca�^ZC]�lvhuZCb5c_l¥��ZCh�d5`Gc_�^Z0smdr]an5ZR]¯c_]aZCZr�udXbWhoca�^ZpXc_�^ZR]¤p5b^Z0ca�^ZH`akodXsms�ZC]�ca]_ZRZr�É^p5]akodXsmsm�r�:s�ZRc"�3� 2���dXbWh�0&��2��§huZCb^pXc_ZOc_�^Z��^ZCl�n5�&cfdXb�hca�^ZH`al�!RZ�pXy¯dfca]_ZRZK28]aZ�`�\;ZCw}calmxrZCs��5��Ê0l�x5ZRb(c©g8p�c_]aZCZC` 2 ¼dXbWh 2©½5�*2a¼�lv`zlvhuZRb&c_l¥�WZ�h�cap§q�Z�smdr]an5ZR]¯c_�WdXb 2©½r��l¥y�ZCl¥c_�^ZR]pXy3ca�^Z�y{p5s�smpig¤l�bWnf] � smZC`��^p5smhW`R�U µ W�V ° ����2 ¼ ��� ����2 ½ �}� � c�kfZ�dXbW`Gca�^Z¢b^ZC`�calmb^nHsmZRx5ZRsWpry2 ¼ lm`�n5]aZ�dic_ZR]8ca�Wdrb(ca�WdXcepXy�2 ½ �U µ W�V � 0&� 2a¼R� �=0&��2©½C�Ä�o���^lv`�wRd5`�Z�wRdrb[��dX\^\;ZRb.prb^sm�g¤�^ZRb��3� 2a¼C�[S ����2©½��}� �òb�c_�^lm`¢wRdr`aZr�^ca�^Z�y�drb^p � cepXyKca�^Z]ap�prc�pry�2©½�k � `©ceq;Z§¿u� ] c_�^ZR]_g¤lm`aZ�] � s�Z�Á�g¤lms�s�dr\^\^sm�r�e�ZRc=2 ¼ drbWh 2 ½ q;Z�huZCb^pXc_ZCh q�� � 2 ¼� v ���� ¼ ��dXb�h� 2 ½ � v ���� ½ ��]_ZC`a\�Z�wÄcalmxrZCs��5��Y��WZRb 2 ¼ lv`¤svdX]_nrZC]�ca�Wdrb 2 ½ ���� ¼ k � `©ceq;Z�ca�WZ0�WZCdUx�l�Z�`©c¤smZCdXy3lmbªc_�^Z�Z}�u\WdrbWhuZ�hª` � qu|ca]_ZRZ5��dXb�h�ca�WZR]_Z-k � `©c�Z}�ulv`©c d ` � quc_]aZCZ>��092�l�bA2a¼ � vg¤�^lvwj��lm`�lm`aprk�pr]_\^�^lvwKcap%2©½� v^��e�Z}c�c_l�bWn%� 0�2@q�Z�]aZC\^svdrw}Z�hq��82©½X�3g�ZowRdrb-c_�^ZRb/p5quc_drl�b[ca�^Z���2a¼ � v � ����½� �� ��¼}�0dr`ca�^Z��WbWdrs�Z}�u\WdXb�huZChHca]_ZRZr�ig¤�WZR]_Z � h^ZRb^prcaZC`3c_�^Z�n5s � l�b^npr\;ZR]jdic_l�p5b��K���Wlm`?B©prlmb^l�bWn§pr\;ZR]jdic_l�p5bowRdXb�q�Z�ZCdr`alms�� � bu|huZR]j`�cap�puh l¥yzca�^Z�svdX]_nrZR]eca]_ZRZflm`�c_dr¦rZCb-dr`0dXb � k§q^]_ZRsmsmd� bWhuZC]Hg¤�^lvwj��d�\WdX]acHpXy¤l�cHlm`§]aZC\^smd5w}Z�h-q���c_�^ZOg¤�^p5s�Z`�kodrs�smZR]�c_]aZCZr��ÉKl�n � ]aZ �/drbWh ÉKlmn � ]_Z À�`��Wpig¸Z}�^drk�|\^smZC`¤y{p5]¢] � smZOÁ§dXb�h�] � smZ�¿�]_ZC`a\;ZCwÄc_l�x5ZRsm�r�#$GsmZCd5`�Z�bWpXcaZca�WdXc¢lmb-ÉKl�n � ]aZHÀW�Wc_�^Z§huprc�c_ZCh ]_ZCw}c_dXbWnrsmZHhuZRsml�k�l�c_`eca�^Z�^ZCdUx�lmZC`�ce` � q^ca]_ZRZ�pXy3ca]_ZRZ 265 ½ �

2 31

3−1t

4−1j

3−2t

8

2 31

1 2

8

É3lmn � ]aZ �W¹��¢b�Z}�^dXk�\^smZ�y{p5]e] � s�ZOÁ§pXy ­ dr`aZ§¿u��g¤�^lmwj�`��^pige`Kc_�WdicaB©p5l�bWl�b^n 2 5 �>¼8drbWh/2 5 �@½ewRdrb�\W]apuh � wRZ¤prb^sm�prb^Z�wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z�ca]_ZRZ�� � ��¼ �

��������� ���������WÑ���{�!ri*!ri7g { zWÑ�+aÓXÒU!={�i jÓ�i )jÑ ��{�i;Ñ !riÍ�� �OÒU!rhoÑ������^Ñ�+aÑ ! �oÒ��^Ñ i*'Ph )jÑ�+ {e�oÔmÑ_Ó��UÑ�� {e��Ò��^ÑOÒ��[{�rÓiÒòÓoÒ,+aÑjÑ��}Õ

���^ZGpixrZC]_drs�s5dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^ky{pr]3h^lm`_w}pix5ZR]_l�b^n¤drs�sry{]aZ ~5� ZRb&c�� ® ÁU� |s�Z�diy;ca]_ZRZC`Ky{]_prkºdXsms | s�Z�diyWc_]aZCZC`:lv`G`a�^pig¤b�lmboÉKl�n � ]aZ�Á�Â^�3ÉWpr]ZCdrwj�§\WdXlm]3pry | s�Z�diyuy{]_Z ~&� ZCb5c¯` � quca]_ZRZ�`�c_�Wdic¯dX]_ZzlmbHc_�^Z�`adrkfZZ ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Z w}svdr`_`R��c_�^Z�` � q^]_p � c_l�b^Z C:E�F-G H ��H JML lv`-wCdXsms�Z�hdic�s�lmb^ZD,�cap�n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZ�dXsms¯\�p&`a`al�qWs�ZowRdrbWhulvh^dic_Zo` � q^ca]_ZRZC`�pry

8

3−1t

4−1j

3−2t

the heaviest subtree

1

1

1 8

2 3

2 3

2

ÉKlmn � ]_Z§ÀW¹��eb-Z}�^dXk�\^smZ�y{pr]�] � smZ�¿�pry ­ dr`aZ§¿u�Wg¤�Wlmwj�`a�^pige`Kc_�WdicaB©p5l�b^lmb^n 265 �>¼ drbWh/265 �@½ wRdXb�\^]_puh � wRZ¤prb^sm�p5b^Z�wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z�ca]_ZRZ�� � ��¼ �

`al�!RZ ® Áfq�dr`aZCh[prb[ca�^ZOdrq�pix5ZfwCdr`aZfdrbWdXsm�u`�Z�`R�oÉ^p5]�ZCdrwj�X��*�3¼G\^]apuh � w}ZChHq&��c_�^Z�C:E�F-G H ��H JML�` � q^]_p � calmb^ZGc_p�q;ZCwRprk�Z�dwCdXbWh^lmh^dXcaZ¯c_]aZCZ[X��*�K¼i�Ul�c3g¤lms�s5nrp¤c_�^]ap � nr��hupig¤b�g�dX]jh�w}smp5` � ]aZwj�WZCwj¦�l�bWnW� ¼ � y�ca�^ZWX��*�3¼�wCdXb�\Wd5`a`�ca�^Z�h^pig¤b&g�dX]jh.w}smp5` � ]aZwj�WZCwj¦�l�bWnW�,�3O H�� �� 1" $ O N9N &fca�^ZCbÐdr\^\�ZCbWh^`fl�cfc_p�\B���3¼(dXbWhsvdic_ZR]�l¥cfg¤l�sms�n5p ca�W]ap � nr�/c_�^ZOy{]_Z ~&� ZCbWw}��w}p � b&calmb^n�\^��dr`aZ Æprca�^ZC]ag¤lv`aZeca�WZ:X��*�3¼�wRdrb�q;Z�`_diy{ZCs��Oh^lm`_wRdr]_huZ�h>�¯���^ZR]_Z0lm`8b^pbWZRZChocap�wj�WZCwj¦�g¤�^Z}c_�^ZR]�d<X��*�3¼elm`�dXsm]_ZCdrh^��lmb`\��*�3¼¢pr]8b^prcC�`almbWw}ZOZ�drwj�/\Wdr]�c_lmw � smdr]<X �*�K¼ wRdrb�q�ZªnrZRbWZR]jdicaZ�h-p5b^sm�[p5bWw}Zq�dr`aZChªprbªca�^Z�Z ~5� l�xidXsmZRb�w}Z�w}svdr`_`¤huZC`almnrb��

�:S � s S V�t µ V�² V � � ³;µ ² QC¶ ² � ] bWw}Z�wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z�` � quc_]aZCZC`dr]aZ-nrZRbWZR]jdicaZ�h y{]ap5k"Z�drwj� B©p5l�b^lmb^n l¥c_ZR]jdicalmprb�� C:E�F-G H�IKJML\NOwRprk�\ � c_ZC`fc_�^Z ` � \W\�p5]�c�y{pr]oZ�drwj�ÐwRdXb�hulmhWdicaZ�q���wj�^Z�wj¦�l�b^nc_�^ZOb � k�q�ZC]§pXy¤l�c_`�puwRw � ]a]_ZRbWwRZC`�lmb�ca�WZOnrlmxrZCb/hWdic_d ca]_ZRZC`C�Ê0lmxrZCb�d�wRdrbWhulvh^dic_Z/ca]_ZRZP0�2�prb &��ÇdrbWh�d�h^dXc_dÐca]_ZRZ42p5b��¢�32�� 576wRdrb q;Z�prqucjdXlmb^ZCh q��'\^] � b^lmb^n�dXsms¤s�Z�dUxrZ�`/� .�814&��y{]ap5k 2Ä� ] q&x�lmp � `asm�r�;ca�^ZowCdXbWhulvh^dXcaZf\WdicacaZR]_b 0�2elv`d(` � quca]_ZRZ�pry 2¢l�y¤dXbWh[prb^sm��l�y 2�� 576'g¤lms�s¯q;Zolm`aprk�p5]a\^�Wlmw§cap0�2Ä�����^ZHlv`�p5k�pr]_\^�^lv`�ktq;Z}c©g8ZRZCb�c©g�p�c_]aZCZC`ewCdXb�q;ZHxrZC]al��WZChq��§wCdXsvw � svdic_l�bWn�c_�^ZRlm]¯\Wdr]�c_l¥c_l�p5b�k�Z}c_]alvw�xidXs � Zr� ½ �3p�q�Z¤k�p5]aZ`a\;ZCw}l���wr�@c©g�pªca]_ZRZ�`0dr]aZ�lm`aprk�p5]a\^�WlmwHcap(ZCdrwj�[pXc_�^ZR]��>l¥y�dXbWhp5b^sm�(l�yzc_�^Z�\WdX]acal�calmprb-kfZRca]_lmw�xidXs � ZfpXyGc_�^Zfc©g�p�ca]_ZRZC`0lv`�Â^����WZfk�p&`©c�Z}¡OwRl�ZCb5cHdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^kÇcap wCdXsvw � svdic_Z§c_�^Zo\WdX]acal�calmprbk�ZRca]_lmw��Wd5`:ca�WZ¤calmk�Z¢w}p5kf\Ws�ZR��l�c©�§pry�Í��=9-�R¾ �rÃÅ�5g¤�^lvwj�olm`:c_�^Zdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k g8Z¢d5hupr\uc_ZChfy{p5]Gca�WZ¢\WdXc�caZC]abox5ZR]_l¥�;wRdic_l�p5b�l�boc_�^Zy{]_Z ~&� ZCbWw}�ªw}p � b5c_l�bWnf\W]apuw}Z�h � ]_Zr�

! ��âUØ�ë�ßañ�ÞRñ>ÚjÛÅë§ä�õåßÄæ£éUÛÅØ8ä âUØ©ä ôRãåÞUö�ãåæ¯ÙXØ�Û�àmßÄۣݤةë#"Rï§âiÚjæ£âUãåÞUö0ßÄÞÜÅâUدõåØ�Ú_àWæÅØòÜ£æ3ßjàuÜ£âUßÄæ£Ø%$Rì�õåØ�Ú_à�ÜÅۣةØ�æ��

& ��âUتÙiÚjۣܣã ÜÅãåßÄÞ'ݤØòÜ£ÛÅãåäOÜÅÛ£ØaÚ_Ü£æOØ�Újä â Ù�âRïCõåßÄöÄØ©ÞUØòÜÅãåä�Ü£ÛÅØ©Ø�ÚjæOÚjÞéUÞUÛÅßRßjÜ£Ø�ë�Ü£ÛÅØ©Ø�ÚjÞ�ëfÚjÞiÚjõ ï��©Ø©æ:ÜÅâUØ�ÙiÚjۣܣã Ü£ãåßÄÞUæ¯ßjà;ÜÅÚ('UÚ¢ÛÅØ©æÅé�õ ÜÅãåÞUö¤à�ÛÅßÄÝÛÅةݤßaîCãåÞUö:ßÄÞUØ�Ø©ëUöÄØ3Ú_Ü@Ú:Ü£ãåݤØ@àmÛ£ßÄÝ[Ü£âUØ�Ü£ÛÅØ©Ø � � ï�ÛÅةݤßaîCãåÞUö¯ßÄÞUØ�Ø©ëUöÄØàmÛ£ßÄÝ�Ú8Ü£ÛÅØ©ØÄçiñ>ØzÚjÛÅØzÚ)"UõåØGÜÅߤÙiÚjÛ�ÜÅã Ü£ãåßÄÞ�Ü£âiÚ_ÜKÜ£ÛÅØ©Ø �?��âUØ�ݤØòÜ£ÛÅãåä:îjÚjõåéUØ"rØòÜ�ñ>ةةÞ�Ü�ñ>ß�Ü£ÛÅةةæKãåæ�ëUØ+*iÞUØ©ëHÚjæ�ÜÅâUØzÞRéUÝ,"XØ©Û3ßjàWØ©ëUöÄØ©æKãåÞ0Ú8ÜÅۣةØGà�ßÄÛñ3â�ãåä â�ÜÅâ�Ø�Û£Ø�ãåæ�ÞUßHØ.-CéUã îjÚjõåØ©ÞRÜK��ãåÞfÜ£âUØ0æ£Ø©ÞUæÅØ¢ßjàKä©Û£ØaÚ_Ü£ãåÞUöHÜÅâ�Ø�æÅÚjݤØÙiÚjۣܣã ÜÅãåßÄÞ�æ �@Ø©ëUöÄØGãåޢܣâUØGßjÜÅâ�Ø�Û�Ü£ÛÅØ©Ø �

228

Page 8: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

��Si³�V V ´Kµ3S V�� �3O H�� �� 1" $ O N9N &C�(�%\K�=N 0\0�Q 0 � �^¦^�±}² :µ�Q � �%\K�=N 0\0�Q 0 � �uc_�^Z�Z ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZ�wRsmd5`a`aZC`�y{p5]y{]_Z ~&� ZRb&c | s�Z�diy3ca]_ZRZC`C�

�uca]_ZRZ�`al !CZr�Oµ�Q Kµ3Q � �*�3¼X�Wd�`�ZRc�pry3y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&c�� ® ÁU� | s�Z�diy3ca]_ZRZC`C�Á5� \B���3¼����W� �<\K�=N 0\0YQ 0Y���3¼ ��� Æ¿^� �ų�S V T^V � N�Q�Xf. �%\K�=N 0\0�Q 0�� ´3³_W� ¶ � � N�QYX�����¿ Q � V�²'�� � ³�S V T^V � \Wdrl�]¤pryKZCs�ZCk�ZRb&c_`��^ �� .pN�Q�X

ca�WdXc¢dX]_Z0bWpXc¤prbªca�^ZH`_dXk�Z�smZCdiy¯`aZ}c ´K³,^� \ �*�K¼ � C�E�F*G H ��HXJMLu���^ ��^� ÆbW� � ³�S V T^V � X ���3¼ .Z\ ���3¼ ´K³)u� ¶���� H��%L%���<O � G H &' -O N � E�N ���\JML����UX �*�3¼ ��S

� ���¢¨ Q�� V�²�W� A ��Q�� ���XO�N � \NL�� F �?H *L $}�=X �*�3¼ � ÆÀW� ¶�� � A ��Q�� ���X� Q � V�²Á�Â^� �*�3¼�� ���3¼ �WX��*�K¼ ÆÁ5Ár� ¶�� X � vp�. �<\K�UN 0�0YQ 0��*�3¼ Q � V�²ÁU¿u� �<\K�=N 0\0YQ\0��*�K¼ �

�<\K�=N 0\0YQ\0��*�K¼2�`X� v ÆÁ�_^� ]_ZRn5lm`�caZC]mX��*�3¼¢c_pKX � v ÆÁ�'W� �*�3¼FS��2�<\K�=N 0\0YQ 0Y���3¼ ÆÁ\,u� S V QCµ3S ²- �*�3¼ Æ

É3lmn � ]aZ0ÁCÂW¹3�esmnrp5]al�ca�Wk�y{pr]K�WbWh^l�b^nHdrs�s�y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&c¤� ® Á��ò|ÅsmZCdXyca]_ZRZC`�q�dr`aZChªprb |ÅsmZCdXy�c_]aZCZC`C�

3 � ³�S�S V VXQ ²�V P�PoT ² ´ � ³ � W�V o�¶{Q �'M ² T W ��PC¶£PY[Z�\^]_ZC`aZRb&cÐlmb�ca�^lv`�`�Z�wÄcalmprb dº`aZR]_lmZC` pXy-smZRk�kodr`�dXb�hca�^ZCpr]_ZRko`�wRprbWwRZR]_b^lmb^n�ca�WZ�\^]_pr\;p5`aZChodrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^ko`R�&prk�l�c�c_l�b^nca�^ZCl�]¤\^]_p�pXy�`¤h � Z�capo`�\�drw}Z�sml�k�l�c_dXcalmprb�������������������� � ³WSUS V VXQ ²�V P�P���� i�� �"'*)RÒ,+aÑjÑ ��! � {��UÑ�+aÑ��) �RC�E�F*G H I JML�N<OD! �§Ó��"+aÑ"��'WÑ�i�Ò�Ó�g�+_Ñ_Ñ�hoÑ�i�Ò3�('*)}Ò,+aÑjÑ�Õ

������������"! ��� � ³�� W V Q V�²�V P�P��$# Ò/! �W�"' % �!�Ñ�i�Ò�Ò@{ "{�i ��"! �5Ñ�+f{�iWÔ&��ÒU+aÑjÑ��m!ri�Ò��^Ñ��}Ó�h�Ñ0Ñ"��'P! �iÓiÔmÑ�i _Ñ RÔ�Ó��"����{�+ ��{�!ri*!ri�g{ zWÑ�+aÓXÒU!={�i��RÕ # i {iÒ��^Ñ�+ �[{�+ ���)�-Ò��^Ñ ��{�!ri !ri7g�{ zWÑ�+aÓiÒ,!={�i ! � {�h�z@Ô�ÑRÒ Ñ ��!�Ò �*{�'uÒBh%! �"�(!ri7g�Ó�i����"+aÑ"��'WÑ�i�Ò3�('*)}Ò,+aÑjÑ�Õ

������������ ��� � ³ ² � UDV ´3µ ² ´3T ² V � � T ² ´K¶�´KTuQ V 5 V�² �V SiTuQ�¶�³ ² ��' Ó )� jÓ�i ��! �5ÓiÒòÑ¢Ò,+aÑjÑ�! �[g&Ñ�i@Ñ�+aÓXÒ Ñ��F{�i jÑ¢ÓXÒ�h {��ÄÒòÕ

������������(� ��� M�µ3QC³ �'TuQ�¶�V � T ² ³ ² ¶£VrT W ¶*)5TuQC¶£³ ² � � �^Ñ_Ó�i ��! �rÓiÒòÑ ÒU+_Ñ_Ñ��Zz +_{ ��' jÑ�� )+��Ò �WÑ C�E�F*G H ��HXJML0z�+_{ jÑ ��'P+aÑÓ�+aÑ<!ri-Ò��^Ñ�!r+ jÓ�i�{�i*! jÓiÔ7��{�+(h Ó�'uÒM{�hoÓiÒ,! jÓiÔ�Ô(�rÕ

���^lm`8d � caprkodXcalvweb^p5]akodXsml�!Cdic_l�p5b�\^]ap5\�ZC]�c©�flv`8dHk�drl�b�y�drw}capr]w}prb&c_]almq � c_l�b^nfc_p�c_�^Z�Z}¡OwRl�ZCbWw}�ªpXy�c_�^ZHdXsmnrp5]al�ca�Wk(�

,.- ��/10 � �2������� C:E�F-G H�IKJML\NO "{�+(+_Ñ RÒÅÔ(�43[i ���/ÓiÔ�Ô3�"+_Ñ ��'WÑ�iWÒÓ�g�+_Ñ_Ñ�hoÑ�i�Ò3�('*)}Ò,+aÑjÑ��}Õ

,.- ��/10 � �2���"! �����WÑ�Ò,!rh�Ñ� {�h�z@Ô�Ñ q�!�Ò5�0{e� C�E�F*G H IKJML\NO`! �Í�� � � ½�6 9-�)� ���^Ñ�+aÑ:� � ! �¢Ò��^Ñ jÓ�+ ��!ri;ÓXÔ !�Ò7� {e�¢Ò �WÑ^�"+_Ñ ��'WÑ�iWÒ�('*)RÒU+_Ñ_Ñ`�RÑRÒ�� 6 ! �(Ò �WÑpi*'Ph )jÑ�+L{e���5ÓiÒòÓ/ÒU+_Ñ_Ñ��)��Ó�i �p9 ! �Ò��^ÑF�(!$#�Ñ%{J��Ò �WÑHÔ�Ó�)jÑ}Ô��}ÑRÒòÕ

"¢pXc_lmwRZ�ca�WdXcHca�^lv`�lv`Hd�xrZC]a�-\�Z�`a`al�k�lv`©c_lmw � \^\;ZR]Hq;p � b�h.y{pr]c©g8pÐ]aZ�dr`aprbW`C�tÉKl�]j`©c��¢c_�^Z�drw}c � drs�b � k§q;ZR]�pXy�h^dicjd'c_]aZCZC`lmb�xrp5s�x5ZCh l�b�ca�WZ'xrZC]al���wRdXcalmprb�\^�Wd5`�Z/y{p5]�ZCd5wj��wCdXbWh^lmh^dXcaZc_]aZCZ�lm`¤y�dX]esmZC`_`�ca��dXb 6 �zY�l�ca� \�dic�c_ZR]_b `�l�!RZHn5]apig¤lmb^n��5c_�^Zb � k�q�ZC]�pXy�h^dXc_d-ca]_ZRZ�`Hc_�Wdicob^ZCZCh�c_p/q�Z(xrZC]al��WZCh dXn&dXlmbW`©cZ�drwj�H\�dic�c_ZR]_bfh^]ap5\W` ~&� lvwj¦�s��5�:�uZCw}p5bWh>�Uc_�^Z�\WdXlm]ag¤lv`aZ:B©p5l�b^lmb^np5\�ZC]_dXcalmprb�puwRw � ]_`�prb^sm�lmb�ca�^ZÐ`adrk�Z�Z ~&� lmxUdrs�ZCbWw}Z'wRsmd5`a`C�­ p5bW`aZ ~&� ZRb&c_s��5�H� � ½ lm`�doxrZC]a�ªs�p�p5`aZ � \W\�ZC]¢q;p � bWh y{pr]ec_�^Zb � k�q�ZC]-pry�B©p5l�bWl�b^n pr\;ZR]jdic_l�p5bW`R� "¢pXcalvw}Z dXsv`�p�c_�Wdic-ca�^lv`lv`/d\�`�Z � hup\;prsm��b^prk�lvdXsfcalmk�Z�dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k���`almbWw}Z�� �0lv`bWpXc�drb.lmb^\ � c�\Wdr]_drkfZRcaZC]C�3q � c�d xidrs � ZªhuZR]_l�x5ZCh[y{]_prk c_�^Zp � ca\ � cC��lÅ� Z5�3c_�^Z�capXcjdXs;b � k§q;ZR]8pXy�c_�^Z�h^lm`_w}pix5ZR]_ZChfy{]_Z ~&� ZRb&cdrnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c�` � q^ca]_ZRZC`C���3p�q�Zkfp5]aZ\^]aZ�w}lv`�Z5�Oc_�^Z�c_l�k�ZwRprk�\^smZ}�ul�c©��pXy8ca�^Zo\W]ap5\�p&`�Z�h[drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k lv`�huZR\;ZRbWh^ZRb&c§prbc_�^Zob � k§q;ZR]�pry ~&� drs�l��WZ�h-\WdXc�c_ZR]_bW`R�3g¤�^lvwj�.lv`�Z}�u\;prb^ZCb&calvdXslmbfcaZC]ako`:pXy;ca�WZ¢wRdr]_hulmbWdrs�l�c©��pXy;ca�^Z � b^l�p5bo`�ZRcGpXy@s�Z�diy>`�ZRc_`¯prydrs�sGca]_ZRZC`C�����^ZC]aZRy{pr]_Zr��ca�^ZOdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k �Wd5`HdXb/Z}�u\;prb^ZCb&calvdXswRprk�\^smZ}�ul�c©�0lmb�ca�^Z�g8pr]j`©c:wRdr`aZr� �òb�d¢c©��\^lmwCdXsuwRd5`�Z5�i�^pig8ZRxrZC]C�c_�^Z¤b � k§q;ZR]¯pry ~&� drs�l��WZ�h�\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`:lv`¯k � wj�fsmZC`_`R�5s�Z�drhulmb^n0capd�hu]jdXkodXcalvwRdXsmsm�os�pig ] � bWb^l�bWn�c_l�k�ZHwRprk�\^smZ}�ul¥c©�5�� ! o� V SU¶�� V�² QCPfT ² ´ UDV PCµ W Q�P�?S�° & � ² Q � V Q�¶�V � TuQ�T^P V Q�P É^p5]KwRpr]_]aZ�wÄcabWZC`_`�x5ZR]_l¥��wCdic_l�p5bdrbWh \;ZR]ay{pr]_kodXbWwRZ§ZRxidrs � dXcalmprb�\ � ]a\;p5`aZC`C�>doc_]aZCZ�n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcapr]lv`0l�k�\^smZRk�ZCb5c_ZCh[l�b ­¤®�® cap�n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZ�`a��b&ca�^ZRcalvw�h^dXc_d5`�ZRc_`` � q B©Z�wÄc¯c_p � `aZR]z`a\�Z�w}l��WZCh�\�dX]jdXk�Z}c_ZR]j`R�K���^Z¤qWdr`alvw�lmhuZ�d�q;Z}|�Wl�bWh�c_�^Z¢h^dXc_d0nrZCb^ZR]jdic_pr]:lm`z`�lmk�l�svdX]:c_pW�rq � czk�pr]_Z�\�pig8ZR]ay � sc_�WdXb��¤ca�^Z[prb^Z � `aZCh�lmb ­ ] �8$ ] "�¨3"���¾ ¿'UÃÅ� ­ ] �8$ ] |"�¨3"��ÐwCdXbon5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZeq^lmbWdr]a��s�Z�diy�| smdrq�ZCs�Z�hfca]_ZRZC`zprb^sm�fg¤�^l�smZc_�^Z�nrZCb^ZR]jdic_pr]¤huZCxrZRsmpr\;ZChªlmbªc_�^lv`¤g�p5]a¦ªwRdXb(nrZCb^ZR]jdic_Z�s�Z�diy�|svdXq;ZRsmZCh-ca]_ZRZ�`�pXy8xidX]_l�p � `�huZRn5]aZCZC`0q���nrZCb^ZR]jdXsml�!Rlmb^n�c_�^ZOdXs�|n5pr]_l¥c_�^k�h^ZC`_w}]_l�q;ZCh lmb�¾�Á�_Uà�¢�KdXq^smZ�¿�smlv`©cj`¤ca�WZ§\Wdr]_drkfZRcaZC]_`drbWh�ca�^ZCl�]¢h^Z}y�d � s¥cexidXs � Z�`R�ug¤�^ZC]aZ A N&Î?��GT2zpXy:dfb^puhuZ�lm`8c_�^Zb � k�q�ZC]¤pXy¯wj�^lmsmhu]_ZRb(pXy3ca�WdXceb^puhuZr��?S � � V S � ³WS �'T ² V V M ² T W ��PC¶£P ���^Z�\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�h�c_]aZCZ�k�lmbu|lmb^n�dXsmnrp5]al�ca�^ko`0g8ZR]_Z�lmk�\^s�ZCk�ZRb&caZ�h-lmb ­¤®�® ���J`�ZC]almZC`0pryZR�u\�ZC]almk�ZRb&c_`��WdUx5Z�q�ZCZRb�w}p5bWh � w}caZCh[c_p ZRxidXs � dic_Z�ca�^Zo\;ZR]a|y{p5]akodrbWw}Z�pXy^c_�^Z¤dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^ko`3prb�`a��b&ca�^ZRcalvw�h^dXc_dW�X] � b � bWh^ZR]c_�^Zo��prsvdX]_lm`¢pr\;ZR]jdic_l�b^nª`��u`�caZRkÇp5b-dª�8�%"9�es�ca]jd1b5Âog�p5]a¦&|`�c_dXcalmprb��

ÉKlmn � ]_ZOÁrÁ�`��^pige`¢�^pig�wj�WdXbWnrlmb^n�ca�^Z��rÓXÒ Ó�)_Ó��RÑ?�(!$#CÑ�pry`a��b&ca�^ZRcalvw-h^dXc_dr`aZ}cj`ªdX¬;Z�wÄcj`�c_�^Z.pixrZR]jdXsmse] � b^b^lmb^n�calmkfZ/pryc_�^Z¢drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k C�E�F*G H IKJML\NO �¯���^Z¤ZRlmnr�&c�hWdic_d5`�ZRc_`¯n5ZRb^ZC]_dXcaZ�hy{p5]¯ca�Wlm`�Z}�u\;ZR]_l�k�ZRb&c�wRprb&c_drl�bWZCh�hul�¬;ZC]aZCb5c�b � k§q;ZR]j`GpXy@c_]aZCZC`]jdXbWnrlmb^nHy{]_prk Á�Âr§cap �5ÂrÂ^��g¤�^ZC]aZ�Z�drwj�Oc_]aZCZ��Wdrh�ca�^ZH`_dXk�Z

229

Page 9: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

�3drq^s�Z¤¿u¹�$¯dX]jdXk�Z}c_ZR]j`�dXbWhHca�^ZCl�]¯huZRy�d � s�c¯xidXs � ZC` � `aZCh§l�b§ca�^Z`���b&ca�^ZRcalvw�h^dicjdr`aZ}c¤nrZCb^ZR]jdic_pr]��"epXcjdic_l�p5b $¯dX]jdXk�Z}c_ZR] ·�Z}y�d � s¥c`aZ}cacalmb^n� aO»%� ���^Z�`�l�!RZ�pry�ca�WZHh^dicjdr`aZ}c�ao» b5ÂrÂ� &�� ���^Z�wRdX]jhulmbWdXsml�c©�OpXy ÁCÂ

ca�^Z�smZCdXy3svdXq;ZRs�`aZ}c� ���^Z�smdr]an5ZC`�c8y�drb^p � c ,& ���^Z�`�kodXsmsmZC`�c¤y�dXb^p � c ¿

0

30

60

90

120

150

0 200 400 600 800 1000Number of trees

Run

ning

tim

e (s

ec.)

Total running time

Initialization time

É3lmn � ]aZ Á5Ár¹f�^wRdXsvdXqWl�sml¥c©�[pXy C�E�F*G H IKJML\NO�g¤l¥c_�']aZ�`�\;ZCw}c�capca�^ZHh^dXc_d5`�ZRc¤`al�!RZr�

b � k§q;ZR]�pXy¢smZCdUx5ZC`ª��ca�Wlm`�b � k�q�ZC]�g�dr`ªÁ�,5�Ä�'���^ZW�`� Î:0�G7uxUdrs � Z(g�dr`o`aZ}coc_p7_rÂ7��� ] c_�^ZR]o\Wdr]_drk�Z}caZC]_`f�Wd5h h^Z}y�d � s¥cxUdrs � ZC`ed5`¤`��^pig¤b(lmb��3drq^s�Z§¿^� � c¢wRdrb�q�Z§`aZRZCb(y{]ap5k¸ÉKl�n � ]aZÁrÁ�ca��dic§c_�^Zoc_pXc_drsz] � b^b^lmb^n c_l�k�Z(`awCdXsmZC` � \�s�lmb^ZCdr]asm�-g¤l�ca�]aZ�`�\;ZCw}cHcap-ca�^Z�`al�!RZ�pryeh^dicjdr`aZ}c_`C�����^lv`§��dX\^\;ZRbW`§q�Z�wRd � `�Zca�^Z'k�p5]aZ.ca]_ZRZ�`�d�h^dXc_dr`aZ}c-wRprb&c_drl�b�`R�0ca�WZ'k�pr]_Z/calmkfZ�lm`b^ZRZ�huZCh�y{p5]ey{]_Z ~&� ZCbWw}� w}p � b&calmb^nOlmb ca�WZfh^dXc_d5`�ZRcC�¢�¢b^pXc_�^ZR]kfZ�dr` � ]_ZRk�ZRb&c']_ZR\^]_ZC`aZRb&caZ�h�q&� ca�^Z�h^dr`a�^Z�hºsmlmb^Z�lmbJca�^Z�Wn � ]_Z `��Wpige`fca�WdXcoca�^Z�c_l�k�Z-`a\�ZCb&cOprbÐca�^Z lmb^l�calvdXsml !�dic_l�p5b`©cjdXnrZ¤pry@ca�^Z0dXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^k�`awCdXsmZC` � \�s�lmb^ZCdr]asm�§g¤l�ca�Oca�^Z0`�l�!RZepryh^dicjdr`aZ}c_`C�ª���Wlm`���dX\^\;ZRbW`Hq�Z�wRd � `�Zoc_�^Zolmb^l¥c_lmdrs�l�!CdXcalmprb'`�caZC\ZC`_`�ZCb5c_lmdrs�sm��wRprk�\^]_lm`aZC`�c©g8p.p5\�ZC]_dXcalmprbW`C� ] b^Z pry¢ca�WZRk"lm`¿U| s�Z�diyH\WdXc�caZC]ab�`ªZCb � k�ZR]jdicalmprb��¢g¤�^ZC]aZ[ca�^Z.b � k§q;ZR]�pryf¿U|s�Z�diyG\WdXc�caZC]ab�`�lv`�]aZCsmdXcaZCh capªca�^Z�`�l�!RZ�pXyGc_�^Zfsmdrq�ZCsK`aZ}c�prb^sm�]aZCn5dX]jhusmZC`_`§pry��^pig¸k�drb���ca]_ZRZ�`fd/h^dXc_d5`�ZRc�wRprb&c_drl�bW`C� ] bca�^Z�pXc_�^ZR]0�WdrbWh>�>c_�^Z�kfp5]aZ§ca]_ZRZ�`0d(h^dXc_dr`aZ}c�w}p5b&c_dXlmbW`C�;ca�^Zkfp5]aZªcalmk�Z�lm`�b^ZCZChuZ�h'lmb \W]aZC\WdX]_l�bWn-c_�^Z ` � \W\�p5]�c_l�b^n[ca]_ZRZ�©·ºsmlv`©cj`R�H���^lv`0lm`�c_�^Z�]_ZCd5`�p5b�g¤���(ca�^Z�lmb^l¥c_lmdrs�l�!CdXcalmprb c_l�k�Z`awCdXsmZC` � \�s�lmb^Z�dX]_s��(g¤l¥c_��c_�^Z�`al !CZ§pryzh^dicjdr`aZ}c_`C� �òb�n5ZRb^ZC]_drs£�g¤�^ZRb�y{]_Z ~&� ZCb5c3\WdicacaZR]_bW`�g¤l¥c_�§`�l�!RZzsmdr]an5ZR]@ca��dXb�¿�lv`�smlmkfl�caZ�h>�g¤�^lmwj�[lm` � ` � drs�sm�(ca] � Zr�@c_�^Z�lmb^l�calvdXsml !�dic_l�p5b[`�caZR\.huprk�lmbWdic_ZC`ca�^Z�] � b^b^lmb^nfcalmk�Zr�ÉKlmn � ]_Z.Á�¿�`a�^pige`§ca�^Z(b � k§q;ZR]�prye\WdicacaZR]_bW`fprq^c_dXlmb^Z�hy{]ap5k¸c_�^Zf`_dXk�Z§`aZ}c0pXyGZR��\;ZR]_lmkfZCb&c_`C� � c0wCdXb�q;Z�`aZRZCb y{]_prkca�^Z��Wn � ]_Z�ca��dic�g¤l�ca�'ca�^Zªl�bWwR]aZ�dr`al�bWn b � k§q;ZR]§pry¤ca]_ZRZ�`�l�bhul¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&cHh^dXc_dr`aZ}cj`�prb[ca�^ZO`_dXk�Z�smZCdiy�svdXq;ZRsG`aZ}cC��ca�^Zob � kf|q�ZC]_`�pXy�\WdXc�c_ZR]_bW`zhuZ�w}]_ZCd5`�Z�`¯capfdH`�c_dXqWs�Z�xUdrs � Zr�¯���^Z¢]_ZCd5`�p5b

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Number of trees

Num

ber

of p

atte

rns

ÉKlmn � ]_Z�Á�¿^¹G¨¯¬@ZCwÄcepry�c_�^Z§h^dXc_dXq�dr`aZ0`al !CZ�prbªca�^Z�b � k�q�ZC]pry3y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&c�\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`¤hulv`awRpixrZC]aZ�h>�

lv`�ca�WdXcC�3l�b.nrZCb^ZR]jdXsÅ�;ca�^Zok�pr]_Zf]_drbWhuprk�sm��nrZRbWZR]jdicaZ�h c_]aZCZC`dfh^dXc_dr`aZ}c8�Wdr`C��ca�WZ�smZC`_`�w}prb�`�ZCbW` � `�lmbuy{p5]akodic_l�p5bOlv`�ZRk§q;puh�|lmZCh lmb c_�^Z h^dicjdr`aZ}c��Ð���^lv`oZR��\Wsmdrl�bW`fg¤����c_�^Z b � k§q;ZR]opry\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`¤huZ�w}sml�b^Z�`�g¤l¥c_�(ca�^Z�lmbWw}]_ZCd5`�Z0pXy¯h^dicjdr`aZ}ce`al !CZC`C� ] bc_�^ZopXc_�^ZR]§�WdXbWh��Kdrs¥c_�^p � n5�-c_�^ZOb � k�q�ZC]HpXy8y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c§` � qu|c_]aZCZC`¢g¤l¥c_�-k�pr]_ZHsmZCdUxrZ�`¢wRp � svh�hu]_pr\�hu]jdXkodXcalvwRdXsmsm��c_pD!RZC]aph � Z¤capHca�^ZelmbWwR]aZ�dr`al�b^n�pry �`� Î:0�G�uoxidrs � Z5�Xc_�^Z¢lmb^l�calvdXsml !�dicalmprb`aZ}c0g¤l�smsKn � dr]_drb5c_ZRZ�c_�Wdic0ca�^Z§�WbWdrs3k�lmb^l�bWnª]_ZC` � s�c0w}p5b&c_dXlmbW`dXc�smZCdr`�c�dXsms0¿i|ÅsmZCdXy�` � quc_]aZCZC`C�8ca�^Z[b � k§q;ZR]Opry�g¤�Wlmwj��lv`�d�W��Z�h�xidXs � Zr�¢���Wlm`�Z}�u\^svdXlmbW`eg¤���(ca�WZ§b � k§q;ZR]�pXy ~&� drs�l��WZCh\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`�]_ZCdrwj�WZC`�d�`©cjdXq^smZ�xUdrs � Zr�ÉKlmn � ]_Z Á�_�`a�^pige`��^pigJwj�WdXb^n5l�bWnW�W� Î:0�G�u�di¬@ZCw}c_`�c_�^Zb � k�q�ZC]§prye\WdicacaZR]_bW`�hulm`_w}pix5ZR]_ZCh.q��-c_�^Zªdrs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k��-���^ZhWdic_d � `aZCh�lmb�c_�^lm`.ZR��\;ZR]_lmkfZCb&c/wRprb&c_drl�bW`.¿XÂ5Â`a�&b&c_�^Z}c_lmwc_]aZCZC`C��g¤l¥c_�ºZ�drwj��c_]aZCZ��WdUx�l�b^n�Á�,smZCdUxrZ�`R� ���^Z�xUdrs � ZC`pry�c_�^Z-prca�^ZC]O\Wdr]_drkfZRcaZC]_`odr]aZ�d5`O`��Wpig¤bÐlmb��KdXq^smZ[¿u� � cwCdXb/q;Z�`�ZCZRb.y{]_prk c_�^Zo�Wn � ]_Z�ca�WdXc�dr`/�W� Î:0�G�u/lmbWw}]_ZCd5`�Z�`R�c_�^Z�b � k�q�ZC]OpXy ~&� dXsml¥��ZCh�\WdXc�caZC]ab�`Ohu]_pr\W` ~&� lvwj¦�s��5�����^lv`ZR�u\�ZC]almk�ZRb&c_drs5]_ZC` � s�cKwRdrbHq;Zzg8ZRsms�B � `©c_l¥�WZ�hHq��0ca�^Z�y{prsmsmpig¤l�b^ndrbWdXsm�u`�lv`C�>Y��^ZRb/�W� Î:0�G7u�nrp�ZC` � \��Cca�^ZGb � k�q�ZC]�pXy ~&� drs�l��WZCh\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`�dXc �P_¤smZRx5ZRs&hu]ap5\W`C� ­ prbW`aZ ~&� ZCb&casm�r�Cca�^Z�b � k§q;ZR]pryH\WdicacaZC]abW`ªg¤l�ca� `al�!RZ ® Á[g¤l�sms�hu]_pr\�lmb d�b^prbu| sml�b^Z�dX]g�dU�r�3���^lm`�Z}¬@ZCw}cKg¤lms�s&q;Z�wRd5`awCdrhulmb^n5s���\^]ap5\WdXn&dic_ZCh�y{]ap5kc_�^Z`akodXsms�ZC]�|ò`al !CZCh�` � quca]_ZRZ(smZRxrZCsm`§cap[ca�WZªsvdX]_nrZC]�|ò`�l�!RZ�h�` � quca]_ZRZsmZRx5ZRsv`�l�bÐc_]aZCZC`C�ÉKl�bWdrs�sm�r�8c_�^Z�caprc_dXs¢b � k§q;ZR]Opry ~&� drs�l��WZCh\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`�g¤l�sms8h^]ap5\�� � cowRdrb�dXsv`�p-q�Z(prqW`aZR]_xrZ�h.ca�WdXc�p5bWw}Zc_�^Zp�W�ÅÎ:0�G7u�xUdrs � Z ]aZ�drwj�^Z�`fd�wRZR]ac_drl�bÐ\�p5l�b&c���Â*� �.lmbÐca�^lv`wCdr`aZr�0ca�WZ�b � k§q;ZR] pXy�\WdXc�caZC]ab�`�]aZ�drwj�^Z�` dÐ`�c_drq^smZ�xUdrs � Zr����Wlm`-�WdX\^\;ZRb�`-q;ZCwCd � `aZ�ca�WZ�b � k§q;ZR][pXyª¿i|ÅsmZCdXy�` � quc_]aZCZC`ZCk§q;ZCh^h^ZCh�lmb'c_�^ZC`aZªh^dXc_d�ca]_ZRZC`§lm`fdXsmg�dU��`Hca�^Z(`adrk�Zr�[��`drs�]_ZCd5hu�k�ZCb5c_l�p5b^ZCh���kodX¦�lmb^n � \�ca�^ZÐlmb^l¥c_lmdrso`�ZRc[pXyoc_�^Zk�lmb^lmb^n.drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k��:ca�^Z�`�Z ¿U| smZCdiy¢` � quc_]aZCZC`fg¤lms�s¤dX\W\�Z�dX]fl�bdrs�s@k�lmb^l�bWn�]_ZC` � s�c_`8]aZCn5dr]_husmZC`_`¯pry�g¤�Wdic�c_�^Z�W� Î:0�G�uªxUdrs � ZC`g¤lmsms;q;Zr�uq;ZCwCd � `aZ�ca�^ZCl�]¤` � \^\;pr]ac�xidrs � Z�`�dX]_Z�dXsmg�dU��`¢ÁCÂ5Â7���ÉKlmn � ]_Z Á9' `a�^pige`��^pigJwj�WdXb^n5l�bWnW�W� Î:0�G�u�di¬@ZCw}c_`�c_�^Z] � b^bWl�b^n[calmk�Z�pXy C�E�F*G H I JML�N<Oeprb'c_�^Z `adrk�Z(h^dXc_d5`�ZRc � `aZChlmb�c_�^Z�\^]_ZRx�lmp � `-Z}�u\;ZR]_l�k�ZRb&c�� ���^lv` �Wn � ]_Z `a�^pige`�ca��dicd5` �W� Î:0�G�u�lmbWwR]aZ�dr`aZC`C�¤ca�^Z.] � b^b^lmb^n calmkfZ.pXy1C:E�F-G H�IKJML\NOh^]ap5\W` ~&� lmwj¦�sm�r�����Wlm`�wRdXb/q;ZoZ}�u\^svdXlmb^ZCh.q���c_�^Zoy�d5wÄc�ca��dic

230

Page 10: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Minsup (%)

Num

ber

of p

atte

rns

É3lmn � ]aZ¤Á�_^¹>¨¯¬@ZCw}c�pXy��`� Î:0�G7u0p5b0ca�^ZGb � k�q�ZC]�pXy�y{]_Z ~&� ZCb5c\WdicacaZR]_bW`¤hulv`_w}pixrZC]aZ�h>�

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100Minsup (%)

Run

ning

tim

e (s

ec.)

É3lmn � ]aZ�Á9'�¹H¨¯¬@ZCw}c�pryB�W� Î:0�G�u.prb.ca�WZo] � bWb^l�bWnªc_l�k�ZopryC:E�F-G H�IKJML\NO �

ca�^Z/b � k§q;ZR]�pryfhulv`awRpixrZC]aZ�h�\WdicacaZR]_bW`�drw}c � drs�sm��huZ�w}]_ZCdr`aZC`g¤l¥c_� c_�^Z'lmbWw}]_ZCd5`�lmb^nÐpXy �`� Î:0�G7u�� ­ prbW`aZ ~&� ZCb&casm�r�0y{ZRg8ZR]xUdrs�lvh�\Wdrl�]_g¤lm`aZ B©prlmb^lmb^n5`el�b Z�drwj� Z ~&� lmxidXsmZRbWwRZHw}svdr`_`¤g¤lms�s3q�Z\�ZC]�y{p5]ak�ZCh��O�¢`Hd/B©p5l�b&cH]_ZC` � s¥cHpry�c_�^ZOdXq;pixrZfc©g8p(y�drwÄc_pr]j`R�ca�^Z�pix5ZR]jdXsms�] � b^b^lmb^n�c_l�k�ZHhu]_pr\W` ~&� lvwj¦�s��5��aS � � TuQCT^P V QCP �£Si³ � � n � � ! � � T ² ´ � S VXV �

� ML& ! Y.Z\^]_ZC`aZRb&c �WZR]_Z�ca�^Z Z}�u\;ZR]_l�k�ZRb&cjdXs�]_ZC` � s�c p5bca�^Z �a\�ZCnW� b^Z}� � h^dXc_d�p5quc_drl�b^Z�h.y{]ap5k«c_�^Z ­ ] �8$ ] "¢¨ "¢�cap�prs ¾ ¿'ià�8���^ZH�Ws�Z �a\�ZCnW� b^Z}� �owRprbW`alm`�c_`epXy¯ÀOhul�¬;ZC]aZCb5c¤c_]aZCZC`y{pr] ÁrÁ�`a\�Z�w}lmZC`C���3drq^s�Z _/`a�^pige`�ca�^Z ]_ZC` � s�c_`�g¤l�ca��hul�¬;ZC]�|ZRb&cz` � \^\�p5]�cGxidrs � Z�`R�KY��^ZCb?�W� Î:0�G�u�g�dr` _<_���� C:E�F*G H IKJML\NOy{p � bWh�d caprc_drs�pry ' �r y{]aZ ~5� ZRb&cf` � quc_]aZCZC`C�[�ek�p5b^n�c_�^ZRk��ca�^Z8kodi�ul�k � k�y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c¯dXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&c3` � quca]_ZRZ�`���dUxrZ �¢s�Z�dUxrZC`��dr`�`a�^pig¤blmb ca�^Z �_�ul !CZ[pry���Éu���^� �ÐwRprs � k�b��Ä��Y��^ZRb�`� Î:0�G�u(g�dr`�ÁCÂ5Â7���aC�E�F*G H IKJML\NO�y{p � bWh�d�caprc_drs�pXyG¿<,^Á¢y{]_Z}|~5� ZRb&c0drnr]_ZRZRk�ZCb5c0` � q^ca]_ZRZC`C�@dXk�prb^n�g¤�^lmwj��ca�^Zfkodi�ul�k � ky{]aZ ~5� ZRb&cedXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&c�` � quc_]aZCZC`��WdUx5Z )HsmZCdUx5ZC`C�ÉKlmbWdXsmsm�r�8ca�^Z�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k g�dr`odX\W\^s�lmZCh c_p[c_�^Z�h^dXc_dr`aZ}cl�b�É3lmn � ]aZ Ár�t���^Z.]aZ�` � s¥c(lm`�`a�^pig¤b�lmb �KdXq^smZ>'��ËÉ^]_prkca�^lv`�c_drq^smZr�Wl�c�wCdXb(q�Z§`aZRZCb(ca�WdXc¢g¤l¥c_�L�`� Î:0�G�u huZ�w}]_ZCd5`�lmb^nW�ca�^Z ] � bWb^l�bWn�calmk�Z n5p�ZC` � \��fdrbWh�c_�^Z'c_pXc_drs�b � k�q�ZC][pryl�b&caZC]aZ�`©c_l�bWn \WdXc�c_ZR]_bW`(nrp�ZC` � \�dr`�g8ZRsms£� ���^Z/kodi�ul�k � k

�KdXq^smZ _^¹G¨¯�u\;ZR]_l�k�ZCb5cjdXs@]_ZC` � s¥cj`�prb�\;ZRnW� b^ZR�@�

�W� Î:0�G7u ��lmk�Z " � k�q�ZC]epXy " � k§q;ZR]¤pry ��l�!RZ�pry��ko`_� Éu�0�u� ��Éu�0�u� ��Éu���^�

ÁCÂ5Â7� _' ¿-,uÁ _ )�rÀ�� _-, ¿-,uÁ _ ))<)�� _-, ¿-,uÁ _ )b<b�� b<_ ¿ �-, Á �,<,7� )i ¿ �-, Á �'<'P� )i ¿ �-, Á �_<_�� Á�,X ' �r ' �

�KdXqWs�Z8'�¹'·�dXc_d�kflmb^lmb^n�]_ZC` � s�cªp5b�ca�^Z-�WxrZ-ca]_ZRZ�`OpXy�c_�^Z`�c � hu�1&('&À*)Hl�b �3]aZCZ�+����u¨¢�

�W� Î:0�G7u ��lmk�Z " � k�q�ZC]epXy " � k§q;ZR]¤pry ��l�!RZ�pry��ko`_� Éu�0�u� ��Éu�0�u� ��Éu���^�

ÁCÂ5Â7� _r _5 À _�rÂ�� _r _5 À _brÂ�� '5 ,-, _ ,,XÂ�� b<_ ÀWÁ À ,

y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&c�dXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&c�` � quca]_ZRZ�`>�WdUxrZ:c_�^]_ZRZGsmZCdUx5ZC`@prbWs���g¤�^ZRb�W� Î:0�G�u�lv`O`�ZRcOcap�Á�ÂrÂ��O�8g¤�^lms�Z�ca�^Z kodi�ulmk � k y{]_Z ~&� ZRb&c` � quc_]aZCZC`��WdUx5ZK,�smZCdUx5ZC`8g¤�^ZRbL�W� Î:0�G7u�hu]ap5\W`8cap ,rÂ7���¨G��\;ZR]_lmkfZCb&c_dXs0]_ZC` � s¥cj`(prb�c_�^ZC`aZ[]_ZCdrs0hWdic_d5`�ZRc_`(`��Wpigc_�Wdic:c_�^Z�\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�hHdXsmnrp5]al�ca�Wk�wRdXbf`��u`�caZCk�dXcalvwRdrs�sm�Hhulv`awRpixrZR]drs�s¢l�b&caZC]aZ�`©c_l�bWn[y{]_Z ~&� ZCb&c�dXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&cO` � q^ca]_ZRZ \WdXc�caZC]ab�`�l�bhWdic_deca]_ZRZ�`R�:���^ZC`aZ�y{]aZ ~5� ZRb&c:drnr]_ZRZCkfZCb&c�ca]_ZRZ�`Kdr]aZ�Z}�u\;ZCwÄc_ZChc_p ]aZCxrZ�dXsGk�pr]_Zow}p5bW`�ZCbW` � `�lmbuy{pr]_kodicalmprb/g¤�^lvwj�'w}p � svh/b^pXcq;Ze\^]_ZRx�lmp � `asm��hulv`awRpixrZC]aZ�h§q��Hc_�^Zec_]_d5hul�calmprbWdrsW�����^�Ðdrs�n5pX|]_l�ca�^ko`C�¢���^Z§\W]ap5\�p&`�Z�h(drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^k ]aZ ~5� l�]_ZC`�c_�Wdic�ca�^Z � `aZR]lmb^\ � c0dO` � \^\;pr]ac�xidXs � Z5� �òb�\^]jdrwÄc_lmwRZr��l¥c0lm`0` � nrnrZ�`©c_ZChªca��dicc_�^Z � `�ZC]8`aZ}c�ca�^Z0` � \W\�p5]�c�ca�^]_ZC`a�^prsvhfcapfdH]_ZCd5`�p5bWdXq^sm�§svdX]_nrZxidrs � Z[�{Zr� nW�8,rÂ7�f�Ä� ���^ZCb � `�Zªd�`©c_]_dXcaZCnr�[`almkflmsvdX]�c_p �ahul�|x�lvhuZodXbWh/wRprb ~&� ZC] �ªpr] ��q^lmbWdX]_�-`aZCdr]_wj� ��cap(c_]a�-h^l¥¬@ZR]_ZRb&cc_�^]_ZC`a�^prsvh-xidrs � Z�`�huZR\;ZRb�hul�bWn(p5b.ca�^Z�b � k§q;ZR]§pXy�\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`h^lm`_w}pix5ZR]_ZCh>��ÉWpr]�Z}�^dXk�\^smZr�5l¥y@ca�WZR]_Z¢dX]_Z8cap�pHkodXb��§\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`h^lm`_w}pix5ZR]_ZCh>��ca]_�.d�` � \^\;pr]ac§pry�),�� Æ l�y¤ca�^ZC]aZªdX]_Z�cap�p y{ZRg\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`�y{p � b�h>�>ca]_�-d(` � \^\�p5]�c�pry8¿<,7�O�3dXbWh[`�p(prb������^Z\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`�w}p � smh�q�Z � `aZCh�y{pr]�\^����smprnrZCb���wRs � `©c_ZR]_l�b^n��&y{pr]�Z}��|drk�\^s�Z5�Ucap�w}p5bW`�ca] � wÄc:\^����s�p5nrZRbWZ}calvwGlv`asmdrbWh^`C�ig¤�^lmwj�flv` � `�ZRy � slmb(ca]_ZRZ�` � ]���b^n ¾ ¿-,�ÃÅ�� M ² ²�W ¶ ² V � S VXV n ¶ ² ¶ ² � !0² �;¶ ² V�¢b§p5b^s�lmb^Z�ca]_ZRZ�kflmb^lmb^n�cap�prsm¦�l¥c:�Wdr`Kq;ZRZCb�huZCxrZRsmpr\;ZCh��ig¤�^lmwj�� calms�l�!RZ�`;$:ZC]as8`awR]alm\uc_`fdXb�h4.¢�¤��e�\WdrnrZC`§cap[g¤]_dr\ � \'c_�^ZwRpr]_Z¯k�l�b^lmb^neZCb^nrlmb^Z5�U`ap¤c_�Wdic � `�ZC]_`3wRdXb�Z�dr`al�sm�¢lmb&caZC]_d5wÄc�g¤l�ca�c_�^ZOk�lmb^l�bWn-ZRbWnrlmb^ZOpixrZC]�ca�WZ �òb&caZR]_b^ZRcC��ÉKl�n � ]_Z�Á�, `a�^pige`c_�^ZO`a��`�caZCk `�lmb&caZC]�y�d5w}ZOdXb�h-c_�^Zok�l�bWl�b^n-]aZ�` � s�cHg¤�^ZCb[c_�^Z

231

Page 11: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

É3lmn � ]aZ�Á�,^¹¯���^Z�prb^smlmb^Z0ca]_ZRZ�k�l�bWl�b^n�ZCb^nrlmb^Z�lmb5c_ZR]ay�drwRZr�

ZRb^n5l�b^Z�g8pr]_¦u`�p5b�c_�^ZHh^dXc_dr`aZ}ce`a�^pig¤b(l�b ÉKl�n � ]_ZfÁ5��òb ÉKl�n � ]aZ Á�,u�ªca�WZ kodXlmbtk�ZRb � pry ca�^Z�`a��`�caZCk�lm`

hulm`a\^svdU�rZ�h�lmb�ca�WZecap5\�y{]_drk�Z Æ ca�^Zeq;pXcacap5kºsmZ}y�c�y{]_drkfZ�`��^pige`ca�^Z�h^dXc_d5`�ZRcOl�b^\ � cOg¤l¥c_��dX\^\W]ap5\^]alvdic_Zªk�lmb^lmb^n�\WdX]jdXk�ZRcaZR]`�ZRc�calmb^n&` Æ dXb�h-c_�^ZO]_l�n5�&c�y{]_drkfZo`a�^pige`�c_�^Zok�l�b^lmb^n�]_ZC` � s�cC�Y��^ZRb§wRs�lvwj¦�l�bWn¤prbHdXb���` � quca]_ZRZGsmlmb^¦�l�b�c_�^Zz]_l�n5�&c�y{]_drk�Zr�Cca�^Z� `�ZC]eg¤lms�s3q�ZH]_ZCh^l�]_ZCw}caZChªc_p�do`�ZC\WdX]jdic_Z�g¤l�b�hupig g¤�WZR]_Z�ca�^Z` � q^ca]_ZRZ¢lv`8`��^pig¤bolmb�d��5dUxidHdr\^\^smZ}cC�:Y��^ZCbOc_�^Z � `aZR]8w}smlmwj¦u`prb(ca�^Z§s�lmb^¦Oy{p5]¢doh^dXc_dfca]_ZRZ�c_�Wdic¢` � \^\;pr]ac_`¢do` � q^ca]_ZRZr�^ca�^Zh^dicjd8ca]_ZRZ¯g¤lms�s5q�Zzh^lm`a\^svdU�rZCh�lmbHdXb^prca�^ZC]>g¤l�bWh^pig��Cg¤�^lvwj��g¤lms�s�^l�n5�^sml�n5�5czca�^Z¢` � \^\;pr]acaZ�ho` � quca]_ZRZeq���`��Wpig¤l�b^n�l�c_`�smZCdUxrZ�`:l�b]aZ�hªwRprsmpr]¤dXbWh�huZ�w}p5]_dXcalmb^n§c_�^ZRk�g¤l¥c_��]aZ�h�q � s�smZ}cj`R�� � ³ ² V W µKPC¶£³ ²Y[Z�\^]_ZC`aZRb&caZ�h'lmb�c_�^lv`�\WdX\;ZR]Od.`�ZRcopXy¢b^ZCg�h^dXc_d.k�l�bWl�b^ndXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^ko`C�&wCdXsms�Z�h C:E�F*G H IKJML\NO �ry{p5]¤d � c_prkodic_lmwCdXsms���hulv`awRpix5|ZR]_l�b^n§y{]aZ ~&� ZRb&c¤dXnr]_ZRZCk�ZRb&c�` � quca]_ZRZ�`Gy{]_prkËk � s�calm\^s�Z�]_p�pXcaZ�h\^���&smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvwoc_]aZCZC`C�'���^Z w}pr]_]_ZCwÄc_b^ZC`_`§drbWh�wRprk�\^smZ}c_ZRb^Z�`a`pXy¯ca�WZ�dXsmnrp5]al�ca�Wk�`¢g�ZC]aZ�hulm`_w � `a`aZCh>�����^Z�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^ko`eg8ZR]_Zl�k�\^smZRk�ZRb&c_ZCh�lmb ­¤®�® drbWh lmb5c_ZRn5]_dXcaZCh�l�b&capªp � ]�\^����s�p5nrZ}|b^Z}c_lmwfc_]aZCZfk�lmb^lmb^n ZRb^n5l�bWZr�O���^ZoZR��\;ZR]_lmkfZCb&c_dXs¯]_ZC` � s�c_`�p5b`���b&ca�^ZRcalvwosmZCdiy�| svdXq;ZRsmZCh.ca]_ZRZ�`HdXb�h/\^���&smprn5ZRb^ZRcalvwfca]_ZRZ�hWdic_d`��^pig8ZChfc_�^Z�`awCdXsvdXq^lms�l�c©��dXbWh�Z}¬@ZCwÄc_l�x5ZRb^Z�`a`�pXy>c_�^Z0\^]ap5\�p&`�Z�hdXsmnrpr]_l�ca�^ko`C�K���^Z�`�Z�drs�n5pr]_l¥c_�^ko`�g¤l�sms>q�Z � `�ZRy � s�lmb(bWpXc¤prb^sm�\^���&smprn5ZRb��(]aZ�`�Z�dX]jwj� q � c�dXsv`�pªpXca�WZR]�huprkodXlmbW`�g¤�^ZR]_Z�hWdic_dwRdXb�q;ZOk�puhuZRsmZCh�d5`HsmZCdXy�|ÅsvdXq;ZRsmZCh.c_]aZCZC`C��É � c � ]aZOg8pr]_¦-lmbu|w}s � huZC`ª�{l���dX\W\^s���lmb^n7C�E�F*G H IKJML\NO�cap�k � s�calm\^s�Z�\^���&smprn5ZRb^lmZC`q � lms¥c(y{]ap5k hul�¬;ZC]aZCb5c�`�\;ZCwRl�Z�`�dXbWh�`�c � hu��l�b^n ca�WZ[q^lmprsmprn5l¥|wRdXs>`al�n5b^l���wRdrbWw}Z0pXy:hulm`_w}pix5ZR]_ZCho\�dic�c_ZR]_bW`C�@��l�l���dX\W\^s���lmb^n�ca�^Zg�p5]a¦�c_p�ca]_ZRZHw}svdr`_`al¥��wCdic_l�p5b.¾ ¿uÁÄÃKdXbWh�` � \�ZC]�|Åca]_ZRZ�wRprbW`�ca] � wÄ|

c_l�p5b ¾ ¿bUà��drbWh���l�lmlv��ZR�&c_ZRbWh^l�b^n(c_�^Z�g�p5]a¦(capª�WbWh-y{]_Z ~&� ZRb&c` � qW`�ca] � w}c � ]_ZC`olmb�\^����s�p5nrZCb^Z}c_lmw�b^ZRc©g�p5]a¦u` ¾ ¿r¿�à��Y[Z.dXsv`�p\Wsmdrb'cap/w}p5k�\WdX]_Z(drs¥c_ZR]_bWdic_l�x5Z�\WdXc�c_ZR]_b�nrZCb^ZR]jdic_l�p5b'k�Z}c_�u|puh^`�lmbWwRs � h^l�b^n�h^ZR\uc_�u|£��]_`�cC�3q^]aZ�drh�c_�u|Å�W]_`�cHdXbWh.dX\W]almpr]_l¥| sml�¦5Zc_ZCwj�^bWl ~&� Z�`edXbWh(ZCxUdrs � dicaZ�c_�^ZRlm]e]_ZRsvdic_l�x5Z0\;ZR]ay{pr]_kodXbWwRZHdXbWhZR¡Ow}lmZRbWwR�r�MªV�[ ² ³ � W�V ´H��� V&² QY.Z0ca�Wdrb^¦�ca�WZ��^·�� dXb^p5b��&k�p � `z]_ZRx�lmZRg8ZR]j`Gy{p5]8ca�^ZCl�]¤w}p5bu|`�ca] � w}calmxrZ�` � n5nrZ�`©c_l�p5bW`zg¤�Wlmwj�ª�^ZRsm\�Z�h(l�k�\^]_pixrZ¢ca�^Z�w}p5b&caZRb&cdrbWhª\^]aZ�`�ZCb&c_dic_l�p5bªpry�c_�^lm`e\WdX\;ZR]��

U1V � V S V�² V V P

������� ������� ��������������������! "�#�%$&(')�!�*�+�*�-,/.&0%1�. �%$��+���32��#$/$�.����*, 4 �65�7/8&9�:;8=<�>@?�ACB3B#>@?)D�E*>FAG7GEIH�>KJL8�EIH"MONP8�E <&AG7�AGEI9�AQ8�ESR�H�>THU E%V�JWEXA�AG7�JWE�V�YZ�&["["\�

� ]��^�����_^���&`'S��a*�!_C1�_b�#����. . _^.���$c,/1*d*$/��. .e�+�f�g,/.�$ih�j. k3h"�!1l$��+h��I���/mn$/��.�. , op_^.�$/���!q ,6�#�I�r.Gs^q �!. �%$i���!�"h#����$�t�_^, u D/vxwzy�8�{�7GEIH"M|8�E}NP8�~��I{�>KJWE�V�YI]��l�L�3�Go!�&�"\������&���"[lYP�&[�["��

� �#�^����x,����KY����xd�."Y������� ����,/h%."Y��C��*�# "�#_^h�$�hlY�C��x���!_Q1l���lYO�������X��-���+ �� ����p�;sq �!. �%$��!m�_^�!���!�*�ij���.��0�1*. �%$e,/1*d�,=$/��1*q�$�1*��. ,�j@��h"_�,/. _^���F,=$/��1*q�$�1*��. ���*�#$��� 4 �5�7=8&9�:)8=<}D�E*>FAG7GEIH�>KJL8�EIH"M��)8�7/�#�=?*8G��8�E�D�E < 8�7�~^H�>KJK8�E��U M+A/9�>K7�JL9�H"M U E%V�JWEXA�AG7�JWE�V�Y�2�����. ,�\�[&���� lY6��1%��h"�¡Y^�¢h���. �lY]�£"£"]�

�  ��^��#��,����KY��C#�-���+_C1*����Y"���¤���hlY3�#�I���X�¥��� �����hl(¦��!,/q h�k3.G�/��+�*��j���.&0%1�. �%$�,/1*d�,=$/��1*q�$�1*��. ,O�+�§�+�#����.¢1���h#���*.���. ��$/��. .�, 4 �5�7=8&9�:Z8=<�>@?�A¢¨#>@?D�E*>FAG7GEIH�>KJL8�EIH"M(NP8�E <&AG7�AGEI9GA�8#E�R�JW�G9�8#©�AG7Gªu 9�JTAGEI9GAGYI]�£�£"��

� \��Q«QC¬Ot��KY)�X�¥�� ­=,/,/. �¡Y������C')1*�%$�®"Y§������¯*�¥�C�¢h� �° ��.&0%1�. �%$�,/1�dl$/��. .§_^�+�*�!���S���#�±h#k".���k��+.G�¢}²¡{�E�³"H�~�AGE*>TH

232

Page 12: paper-sdm06 · 2018-05-25 · hul Z h q ÉKlmbWhuZRb dXbWh Ê0p5]_h^prb ¾ ÁCÂUÃ Ë ^Z[d ca ^p5]_`ªhuZRx5ZRsmpr\;ZCh d ^Z]alv`©c_lmw dXsmnrpr]_l ca ^kÌy{pr]§ WbWhulmb^n c_

D�E < 8�7�~^H�>KJK9�H3AGYl�l2�. q����#� 4 ,/,/1�.�h"��������2�t���I�Q�Z��. .�')�!���!���lY]#£"£"\�

� �#�«CP¬Ot��KY;«Q����+�lY;«Q «��#���*Y��#�I�±�� ��;')1��%$�®" ')�+�*�!���q��+h�,/.&�e�#�I�i_��#al�!_���� j���.&0%1�. �%$¢,/1*d*$/��. . ,�j���h"_ �*�#$���d���,/. ,h#j(�+��d�.��+. ����h%h�$�.&��$/��. . , OD UPU�U�� 7/H�E*�GH39�>KJL8�E*��8�E���EI8�-M�A/³&V%A�H�E�³QR�H#>TH U E�V�JWE�A�AG7�JWE%V�YZ� �l�T]"�Go!� ["£���]�£"]�Y ]�£�£3\�

� ���«C�¬Ot��KY¢«Q�«O���*�*Y��#�I�p��x���')1��%$�®" 4 ���*.�al�!��� �����_^�!�*�+�*� j@��. .�$/��. .�, 4 ��5�7/8&9�:S8 <±D UPU�U D�E�>FAG7�E�H#>KJL8�E�H�MNP8#E&<&AG7/AGE�9�AQ8�E)R�H�>TH^wcJ@E�JWE%V�YI]#£"£��l

� �#��� 3�C3�-"¦¢� m%���2l$��+_��#���#�!�"h�����$�t*_^,�jWh#�Oq�h"_^2I�����!����$/��. . ,�-��$�t����#d�. �!.&�e�!.&�&k3. , )y�8�{�7GEIH"M�8 <)N;M!H�����J �O9�H�>KJL8�E*YO��o � �l]��lY� [��"\�

� [#�§'� ° ������q�tZY ����;��®�m�$Fm*q� ��lYZ�����e'� ��t�h#��1�2ZQ'S��a*�!_C1�_�#����. .�_^. �%$�,/1*d*$/��. .��!�c�,/.�$�h�j;. k3h��!1*$��!h"���#�/m)$/��.�. , o�_^.�$/����!q ,��#�I�}.�s^q �!. �%$§�#�+��h�����$�t�_^, D�E&<�8�7G~H�>KJL8�E}5�7=8&9GAG����JWE%V� AG>K>FAG7G��Y¡\�\�o ]�[��&����£l��YP� ["["\�

�!� £#�§¬�Z�� ° �+���*. �e�����e��¡¦Q���h#���*h"�¡���d*$��#�!���!����q h"_^_^h��2l��1��*.&�f$/��. . , y�8�{�7GEIH"M�8=<rN;M!H�����J ��9�H#>KJL8�E�Y)]%o ]�\"\ �l]��#�lY� [��"\�

�!�������C����#��. ,/t* l1*_��#�(���I������±������h&�¢ ° �!�I�l�+�*���x_��#al�!_Q1*_q�h"_^2I��$��!d��!.)$/��. .Sj@h����ed�h"1*�I�l.&� ��1�_Cd�.��h#j�$/��. . ,^�-��$�td�h�1����*.&�r�*. �#��. .}�+,i,/h"�!k���d*�+.}�!�f2�h��!ml�*h"_^�+����$��+_^.� 4 �5�7/8&9�:Z8=<x>@?�A¢B���>(D�E*>FAG7GEIH�>KJL8�EIH"M��S8#7��#�=?*8G�i8#E§v�M V38�7�JW>@?�~C�J@E��-JL8�JWE < 8�7�~^H�>KJK9���Y*2I�#�". ,¢�&\������&���lYZ]�£�£l��

�!�&]��§'�����#��h�jW���+�� ��!, �#�I� ��Q�¢1�_����& ¬Oh��/��. �+��$��+�*����'! �*�#$��§,=$/��.&��_^,�1�,/�!�*��$/��. .��T.&�l��$��*�!,=$����*q .^. _Qd�. ���*�!�*�", 4 �5�7/8&9�:�8 <)>@?�A#"$""E�³�v�N w u D�%Pw'&�R( u D�%Pv�N � u D�%�v*) �u ª�~��l8���JW{�~ 8�E�5�7�JWEI9�J ��M+AG��8=<�R�H�>TH$+�H���A u ª#��>FAG~Q��YX]#£"£"��

�!� �#�§�����h��+_^.�,|�����,�(#¦��+��q�h"���!, |�������*h�_n�����! �,|h"��$/��. . ,;�����_���$�qGt*�!���", U M+A/9�>K7/8�E*JL9Cy�8#{l7�E�H�M|8=<x5�7=8$+�H$+�JKM JW>Kª#Y-�%Y�]#£"£"]�

�!�� ���¯l���1I�#�ZY.� /�±���*�*Y��#�I�n¯**�;���!�*, �|s^q �!. �%$6_^�!�*�+�*�h#j�j@��. 0�1*. �%$�,/1�d��#����2*te�!�e$�t�.^2l��. ,/. �*q .^h�j-�!,/h"_^h#��2�t*�+,/_S4 �c5�7/8&9�:O8=<�>@?�A10"7=³�D U�UPU D�E�>FAG7�E�H#>KJL8�E�H�M-NP8#E&<&AG7/AGE�9�A8�ER�H�>THQwcJWE�J@E�V�Yl2I�#�". ,�\# "[��l\�\"]%Y¡]�£�£"�l

�!�&\��§'�"«Q%���#h*Yl��2�f3 Z��_SY���*'�2�;��®�m�$Fm*q� ��lY$�f3�l�l1*���*Y�#�I�p�C ° ����!���*4��. ��.G������$�. qGt*���+0%1�. ,�jWh��iq h�_^2I�����+�*�1*�*��h%h#$�.&��. k3h��!1*$��!h"���#�/m�$/��. . , 4 � 5�7/8&9�:68=<g>@?�A5"36�>@?H#E�E�{*H"MQv�N w u ª�~��l8���JW{�~ 8�E � ?�A/8�7�ª 8=< NP8#~��I{�>KJWE%V�Y2�����. ,�\# #�%�3\%YX�P���|��,/hlY�� .Ga��#, Y � ["[$�%

�!� �#���(��¢�!�!2�. �+���!��. �����I���C'S���*���!�+�l7�����*.G��.&���#�I��1*�*�h#���*.���. �i$/��. .�!�*q �!1�,/�!h"�¡ u D/vxw y�8�{�7GEIH"M�8�E NP8#~��I{�>KJWE%V�Y]� ��T]��Go �# 3£&���3\#�lY;�&[�[3\%

�!� ������x�¢1�d*�+q� ��lY(�Cx�¢1*d��!qG ��lY������ ° x���')q�')h��/���!, �x��#�!�"h�����$�t*_ $�h98I�I� �#����. .�_^. �%$�,/1�dl$/��. . , y�8#{l7�E�H�M68=<N;M!H#����J ��9�H�>KJL8�E*Y ��]%o [l�G�%["[�Y|�&["["\�

�!�:�#�§'�-�¢1l����_^h%q�t��¢�#�I�;�C-���#�/ml2*�+, ° ��.&0%1�. �%$�,/1�d*������2*t�l�!,/q h�k3.��/m% 4 ��5�7=8&9�:68=<g>@?�AnB#��>cD UPU�U D�E�>FAG7�E�H#>KJL8�E�H�MNP8#E&<&AG7/AGE�9�AQ8�E)R�H�>TH^wcJ@E�JWE%V�Y*2�����. ,x�l�&�&���"]�£lYZ]#£"£��"

�!� [#����*�f< Z��_SY,�f��¢�l1*���*YC�#�I�f�C ° ����!���l�¬Oh"_�2*1*$��!���i$�t�.�1��*��h%h#$�.&�g_���a*�!_C1�_z������.�. _^. �%$�,/1�dl$/��. .S�!�,/1*d*�F0%1I���l���#$��!qg$��!_^.">=¢8�7/³�JK9@?&8#{l7�E�H�M)8=< NP8#~��I{�>KJWE%V�Y�l�K %�Go ]�["\&�%�3]"]%Y|�&[�["�l

� ]#£#��¯l%��2 ¡�KYl��� P2A�h"�"�!."Yl�����"�¢�!. �!�ZY%���I��'�3¯*3¦�h"��h��"t�1�.��;t%ml�+h��". �%m)�����)d��!h"��. h"�#����2*t�m)h�j;t���_���_^.��+�!,��KtI�#_���_^. ����+�*��q .&�#.��GCB�H#7G©#H�7=³5-HG�*AG7��¢JWE���8�>TH�E*ª�YX\�o!���%�G�I� ���YZ]�£"£�£l

� ]%���§'�Z�¢1*���#_^h%qGt*�KY|'� ¦�. ,/t�2������*."Y �����D�CZ���#�/ml2��!, ° ��.��0%1*. �%$�,/1*d*�T,=$/��1�qG$�1*��.��TdI�#,/.&� ��2*2*��h"��q�t�. ,ijWh��eq �+��,/,/��j@ml�!���q�t�.�_^�+q ����q�h"_^2�h"1*�I�l, 4 �p5�7/8&9�:�8=<6>@?�AE0"7=³±D UPU�U D�EF>FAG7�E�H#>KJL8�E�H�M�NP8�E <&AG7�AGEI9GA�8�EeR�H�>TH�wcJWE�J@E�V�YZ2I����. ,��3\ �% 3]�Y]#£"£��l

� ]�]���Ax�'�����')h#��.�$&YG P"¥��� �t*�+.�tZY%���±������h&�¢Yl¬�%��$ ¡�!�I�*.G�&Y

��Z��t�h��+,/.�Y|����|���*h"�!�!�I��Y;¯*(�l1*�ZY ���I�c�� ���!_^_^."��;t%ml��+h��". �*.�$��!q6��.�$F��h#�� l, o�')h��l. �!�!���*Y-��. q�h"��,=$/��1*q�$��!d��!�!��$ m%Y-�#�I���q q 1l����q�m%ID UPU�UIH v�N w � 7=H�E��GH39�>KJL8#E��C8�E±NP8�~��I{�>TH�>KJL8�EIH"M�-JL8"M!8�V�ª�H#E�³1�-JL8�JWE < 8�7�~^H�>KJK9���Y¡�3�=�&�Go!�&�#� ]#�lY¡]#£"£� l

� ]��#���X ¥�� ­=,/,/. �C�����¢¯*�¥C��¢h" �(�|s^q �!. �%$(�*�!,/q h�k3.��/m¢h#j�j@��.&0%1�.���$1���h#���*.���. �p$/��. .�, oJ�|��h%h�j@, ��.�qGt*���!q&�����x. 2�h��/$&YK Z.����l. �4 ��,=$���$�1l$�.xh#j(���*k����*q .&�^¬Oh�_^2�1*$�.G����q �!. ��q .�Y�¥�.�$�t*.����+���I�l, Y¯3���¡�]#£"£"��

� ]# ����#¦Q"'���|���".��¬/�¢'!�L��¥��P¥��}¤�,/.�� M ,�'S����1I�#�T�K�x. �!.&�#,/.�" \"�GY¡�&[�"[l�¤��*�!k3.���,/��$ m§h�jP�x1�q� ����#�I�XYl��1�q� ��+���I�X

� ]"\��1�f���N�P�!. �KY¢'�-¯*-¦�h���h"��t�1�."Y������n'�-¯*x�l���I�l.���,/h"�¡�Z��. . A����*��o�� ����$���d���,/.±h�j2�t%ml�+h��". �*.�$��!q±�!�*jWh#��_��#$��!h"�¡4 �65�7/8&9�:P8=<¢>@?�A,"3EI³^D�E�>FAG7�E�H#>KJL8�E�H�M��S8#7��#�=?*8G� 8=< u �*A/9�JTAG�"GO$O$O#YI]�£�£"£�

� ]��#��¬�C�l. _^2*�+.��#�I��'�C��$�. . �K � ,/1*2�.��/$/��. .g_^.G$�t�h��fjWh#���h%h�$�.&�c$/��. . , ^R¢JW�G9�7�AG>FACvO�3��M JTA/³§w�H�>@?*AG~^H�>KJL9���Y��&£3\%o!�  2� ���\��YX]#£"£"£�

� ]������Z��tI��_^�����#�I�i¦Q¡��,/1*�& ° ��,=$�.���,/1*d*$/��. .�!,/h�_^h���2�t*�!,/_Sy�8�{�7GEIH"M(8=<�v�M V38�7�JW>@?�~C��Y��"�l�T]"�Go ]����&��]�"£�Y;�&["[�[l

� ]�#�¦Q �ltI�#,/tI��Y|¯* ��� ;-�±���*�*Y(���I�i������!1�����hl§���!�"h#���!$�tl�_^�+q�,��#�I�c��2*2��!�!q&�#$��!h"�*,¢h�jP$/��. .C���I�6�#����2�tc,/.&����qGt*�!���* 4 �5�7=8&9�:�8=<�>@?�A§v�N w u D�%�v�N � u D�%�w'&�R< u D�%�vP) � u ª#~��l8���JW{�~`8�E�5�7�JWEI9�J ��M+AG�^8 <QR�H�>TH$+�H���A u ª���>FAG~C��Y;2�����. ,��"[��\"]�YI]�£�£3]%

� ]�[#�¦Q;��tI��,/t��lYP¯*|��� P�� ���*�*YP�����}�XIQXt������l|¤��*h����l.���.&�$/��. .-_^�+�*�!���¢�-��$�t��#2�2*�+�!q&��$��!h"��,�$�h�2*t%m*�!h��". �%m% 4 �§5�7/8&9�:(8=<>@?�A�"GO#>@?eD�E�>FAG7�E�H�>KJL8#E�H"M�NP8�E <&AG7�AGEI9�AS8�E}R�H�>TH U E�V�JWE�A�AG7RJWE�V�Yl2I�#�". ,.��£���3���&[�YZ]�£�£� *

� �"£#��'�¡��$�. .��;���I�S¦C-�(. ���%m%�¦��!,=$/���!d�1*$��!h���,�h#j�$/��.�.Cq h�_^2I���/��+,/h��±_^.�$/���!q ,��i,/h"_^.���.G����. ,/1*��$�, u ª#��>FAG~^H�>KJK9��-JL8"M!8�V�ª#Y %]l�T]��Go!��]��&�I�� *�"Y;� ["["��

� �l���^¯*|��� P�� ���*�*YSA�(��;��tI�#2�����h*Y|¦C;�lt���,/t��lY|�IQXt������lY���I��%'�l¬O1*�/��.Gm%%�����#�!�"h�����$�t*_�j@h��L8��I�l�+�*��$�t�.-�+�#����. ,=$��2�2l��h&a*�!_���$�. ��m q h"_^_^h�� ,/1*d�,=$/��1*q�$�1*��. ,gh�j $F��h�$/��.�. , D U�UPUT� 7/H�E*��H"9�>KJL8�E��^8�Ei5-H�>K>FAG7GE vxEIH"M ª���JW�H�E�³§wiH39�?�JWE�AD�E�>FA�MWM J+V%AGEI9�AGY�]#£*�U�3�Go ��"[��2�"["\�Y;�&[�[��l

� �3]��^���� ��,/t��!h �#�I���CS')h�$�h����� ��$��#$�. h�j±$�t�.f�#�/$nh�j������2*t*�TdI�#,/.&�����#$��-_^�!���!���l;v�N w u D�%V��R�R UVW ��M!8#7/H�>KJL8#E��=�AX�;��M+AG>K>FAG7GYX\l�=���GY�¯"1*�!mS]�£�£"��

� �"�#�Q«Q/�����#h*Y�¯lx«O��hlY(Q(* Z�KY¢�#�I�r'�-¦�1��*tI��_S��;sq �!. �%$���#$���_^�+�*�!����j@h���_��#al�!_����%j@��.&0%1*. �%$;,/1�d*$/��.�. , 4 �^5�7=8&9�:Z8=<D U�UPU D�E�>FAG7�E�H�>KJL8#E�H"M;NP8�E&< AG7�AGE�9�A�8�E§R�H�>TH�wcJWE*JWE�V�Y*]#£"£��l

� �� ����CQ«O�������I� ¯l^���#�Z ¬O�!h",/.������#2�t¡oz')�+�*�!����q �!h",/.&�j@��.&0%1�.���$C�����#2�t�2I��$/$�.�����, 4 � 5�7=8&9�:�8=<v�N w u D�%V��R�RD�E�>FAG7�E�H�>KJL8#E�H"M;NP8�E&< AG7�AGE�9�A�8�E���EI8�-M+A/³&V%A�R¢JW�G9�8�©�AG7�ª�H�E�³R�H�>THQwcJWE*JWE�V�Y�]�£�£"��

� �3\��� PX«��#���lY('�� P� ¡. ."Y|�#�I�Y�f¡��,/1¡�|s^q �!. �%$�_^�!���!����h�j�¢'! ±0%1�.��/m)2I��$/$�.�����,-jWh#�¢q&��q�t��!�*�* 4 �i5�7/8&9�:O8 <�>@?�AK"36#>@?D�E�>FAG7�E�H�>KJL8#E�H"MeNP8#E&<&AG7/AGE�9�Af8�E[Z�AG7Gª � H�7KV%ApR�H�>TH�+�H#� AG��YAO.����!�!�ZY\��.���_����%m%Y�]�£�£"�l

� �"�#��'��¯*1Q¡�# l�K �|s^q �!. �%$���m _^�!���!��� j@��. 0�1*. �%$e$/��. .�, �!���jWh���.�,=$& 4 �C5�7/8&9�:�8=<O>@?�A/]">@?�v�N w u D�%V��R�R�D�E*>FAG7GEIH�>KJL8�EIH"MNP8�E&<&AG7/AGE�9�A¢8�E���E�8�-M+A/³&V%AxR�JW�G9�8#©�AG7GªH�E�³�R�H�>TH�wcJ@E�JWE%V�Y2I����. ,*�����3�"£�Y¡]�£�£3]%

� �$����'�O¯l�Q¡�# ��L(�;sq �!. �%$��!m�_^�!���!����j���.&0%1�. �%$¡$/��. . , �!����jWh#��. ,=$&o���!�"h#���!$�t*_^,6�����r�#2�2*�+�!q&��$��!h"��, `D U�UPU[� 7/H�E*��H"9�>KJL8�E�8�E��E�8�-M+A/³&V%A±H�EI³}R�H#>TH U E%V�JWEXA�AG7�JWE�V�Y �l2�. q����#� 4 ,/,/1�.�h"�')�+�*�!����AO�!h"�!h��"�!q&���;¦¢��$��lY\� ^� �������#�I�S¯lI«��#���S�K. �*, �GY���l�U�"�Go!�&£3]%�G���&£"�"\�Y ]�£�£3\%

233