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14

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15

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16

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20

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24

F'&µ1@4IL3:3& 3* .@* 4:µ&'3@?0 ;/;*'0+ 3:+ .&@(@?L+ 3*5 :#@?A&+, /?/A'* .*5 3*' 4:µ<(/]/&'/%A3:#&, /A'&@ * .0#/µ*+ ?&@ : ?&3&43)*1L 32' 3)@K' 82)@K' 3*5 &'&3. H/#A'*5: V@I&(<,B*'L+ ?&@ ,*543*;/)<?*5, 43@+ 29 H/.3/µI)A*5 1943, 3& *.*A& 5.L)%&' 3*' ?&@)0 3:+ ;/)Jµ&'@?L+ ?&3*8L+ ?$'3)* F'3A43&4:+. M.&?0#*5C* ;@& 3*' F#$%&'()* (?&@ <##*5+ 45'*µLJ#@?*5+): a4?:4: 4/ $);& .*#$µ*5 ?&@ /.@?*5)@?L 45µµ/3*8L 3*5 43:' MC'@?L F'3A43&4:(&'&;'2)@4µ$': &.0 3* ,)<3*+ &'3@43&4@&?L ()<4:, &.0 26.11.1942 µ$8)@ 28.5. 1945).-)*43&3/E*'3&+ <##&, µ@?)03/)& .&@(@<, ?&3< 3:' K)& 3*5 I*µI&)(@4µ*E, &)'LC:?/ '&(@&1E;/@ µ/ 3: µ:3$)& 3*5, µ/ &.*3$#/4µ& 3*' /;?#/@4µ0 3*5 (µ/ ;5'&@?0.&@(& 3*5 82)@*E3*5) 43* H3)&30./(* H5;?$'3)24:+ 43:' F;@< \&'A2'. O@+ *(5':)$+ 3*5 /µ./@)A/+ /?/A 3@+./)@;)<1/@ ;#&15)< 43: (@L;:4L 3*5: 3$ S?6$&'µµ,8$. G@&4KN*'3&@ &.0 3: µ/3&1*)< 43*Dachau, E43/)& &.0 4C/'&)L .&)$µI&4: 3*5 ,5(2'A&+ ?&@ F.*?*)K'*5 F;&C&;;$#*5. F'?&@ µ@?)0+ N:3< ?&@ ?&3*)CK'/@ '& .&)*54@&43/A 43*' «Gauleiter», 3*' G@*@?:3L 32' U5#&J?K', &'&1$)/@ 03@ /?/A'*+ ?&@ <##& 3)A& µ@?)03/)& .&@(@< (/' $8*5' <##& µ$#: 32' *@?*;/J'/@K' 3*5+ 43:' F;@<, (/' ;'2)AN*5' &' N*5' L 08@, ?&@ .&)&?&#*E' '& /.@3)&./A : $%*(0+3*5+ &.0 3: 15#&?L. �#2+ &.)*4(0?:3&, 3:' &5;L 3:+ /.*µ$':+ (26. =?3.) * A(@*+ * G@*@?:J3L+ µ/3&1$)/@ µ/ 3* &53*?A':30 3*5 ?&@ 3& 4 .&@(@< 43* =)1&'*3)*1/A* \&'A2'. S /µ./@)A&&53L 41)<;@4/ 3@+ /.0µ/'/+ /.@#*;$+ 3:+ N2L+ 3*5, 3:' *.*A& &.*1<4@4/ &.0 .*#E µ@?)0+'& &1@/)K4/@ 4/ ()<4/@+ ;@& 3:' /@):'@?L 45µ1@#A24: 32' #&K' ?&@ ;@& 3:' &'<.35%: 3:+,)L3:+.= (/E3/)*+ <%*'&+ 3:+ N2L+ 3*5 /A'&@ : *)C0(*%: .A43:, 3:' *.*A& IA24/ L(: &.0 .*#E µ@?)L:#@?A&, (/(*µ$'*5 03@ ?&3< 3& $3: 1946J52 1*@3< 43:' M??#:4@&43@?L H8*#L ,)L3:+ (X.B*'$+ +6@:$D=%7( ?&@ ;%.,( 36"EM$(, 7/3L+ 1*A3:4:). M?/A ;'2)AN/@ 2+ ?&C:;:3L ?&@ 45'J($/3&@ /1’ 0)*5 N2L+ µ/ 3*' <'C)2.* .*5 $.&@%/ 3*' 4.*5(&@03/)* A42+ )0#* 43: N2L 3*5,3*' µ/3$./@3& /.A4?*.* ,@4<µ*5 ?&@ H/#A'*5 M@):'&A*, .*@µ/'<)8: #&K' ?&@ ?&C*(:;:3L]58K', *)&µ&3@43L ?&@ :;$3: 32' /.&)8@K' µ&+, µ/ 3*' *.*A* 45'/);<4C:?/ ;@& .<'2 &.0µ@40 &@K'&. ,&@ /A'&@ &53L : ./)A*(*+, 43:' *.*A& &)8AN/@ '& .#<C/@ 3& 0'/@)& ;@& 3: µ/3$J./@3& .'/5µ&3@?L 3*5 N2L, &1*E, 0.2+ ;)<1/@ ?<.*5 ?&@ * A(@*+: «…C& µ/ .&):;*)/A $'&µ0'*, .2+ 3: N2L µ*5 (/' 3:' .$)&4& 82)A+ '& *'/@)/53K».1. $0"('-$F);03/)&, µ/3< &.0 ./)@./3/@K(: µ/3<I&4: 43: W/44&#*'A?: ?&@ /.@358A& 43@+ /@4&;2;@?$+/%/3<4/@+, 1*@3< 43: W/*#*;@?L H8*#L 3*5 F)@43*3/#/A*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5 (1952J56). ,&C’0#: 3: (@<)?/@& 32' 4.*5(K' 3*5 J?&@ &);03/)& 32' µ/3&.358@&?K' /?/A, /.A4:+ J /);<N/3&@?&@ 2+ @/)*?L)5?&+ 43:' X. B:3)0.*#: W/44&#*'A?:+ ?&@ 3&5308)*'& 2+ I@I#@*C:?<)@*+43:' -&'/.@43:µ@&?L V$48: ?&@ 2+ '583*1E#&?&+ 43*' =A?* U*@3:3)A&+. c(: 2+ 1*@3:3L+&'&;'2)AN/@ 3*5+ (E* /@(@?03/)*5+ 3*µ/A+, 43*5+ *.*A*5+ C& (@&.)$]/@, 3:' ?*@'2'@?L (@&J?*'A& 3:+ M??#:4A&+ ?&@ 3:' *@?*5µ/'@?L (@<43&4: 3:+ =)C*(*%A&+. B/ &.01&4: 3:+ W/*J#*;@?L+ H8*#L+ 45µµ/3/A8/ 4/ *);&'2µ$'/+ &.0 3* -&;?04µ@* H5µI*E#@* M??#:4@K' (-HM)=@?*5µ/'@?$+ ,&3&4?:'K4/@+ M);&4A&+ (1955 43* R/)*#A'* ?&@ 1956 43* Wiesbaden). S /µJ./@)A& 3*5 &53L C& &%@*.*@:C/A 43:' ,)L3:, 0.*5 /);<4C:?/ 2+ 45'&)8:;0+ 43:' &'3AJ43*@8: *@?*5µ/'@?L ?&3&4?L'24: 43* ,&43$##@ ,@4<µ*5 3* 1961 ?&@ .)03/@'/ 43*' µ$'3*)<3*5 /.A4?*.* M@):'&A*, 3* .&)/??#L4@ .*5 $83@N&' '& &1@/)2C/A 43*' a;@* =@?*5µ$'@*.

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,&3< 3& $3: 1957 J 1958 5.:)/3/A 3:' 43)&3@23@?L 3*5 C:3/A&, ?&3< 3* µ/;&#E3/)* (@<J43:µ& 2+ 5./EC5'*+ 3:+ W):4?/53@?L+ Y.:)/4A&+ 3*5 QZ HKµ&3*+ H3)&3*E ($()& W/44&#*J'A?:), 0.*5 *);<'24/ ?&@ 3* FZ -&'/##L'@* H5'$()@* W):4?/53@?L+ G@&?*'A&+ 43@+ d'*.#/+G5'<µ/@+ (µ/ 3: I*LC/@& 3*5 43)&3@K3: Q. B&'3N&)A(:, µ/3$./@3& ,&C:;:3L 43: W/*#*;@?LH8*#L W/44&#*'A?:+).S µ/;<#: 43)*1L 43:' .'/5µ&3@?L 3*5 /%$#@%: $)8/3&@ µ/ 3@+ 4.*5($+ 43* /%23/)@?0 (1958J64). �43/)& &.0 .)*1*)@?L /%$3&4: $#&I/ 5.*3)*1A& 3*5 -HM ;@& 3* ./)A1:µ* -&'/.@J43Lµ@* 3*5 Yale 3:+ Fµ/)@?L+. -@/N0µ/'*+ 0µ2+ &.0 3* «;/)µ&'@?0 &A'@;µ&» 32' .&@(@?K'3*5 8)0'2' (3:' &.*)A& (:#&(L 48/3@?< µ/ 3:' .)*$#/54: &.0 3:' A(@& 8K)& 3*5 B./30I/'?&@ 3*5 Hans, 3*5 ;'243*E 2+ «8&4<.: 3*5 H/#A'*5»), NL3:4/ '& 4.*5(<4/@ 43: Q/)µ&'A&.d34@ <)8@4/ 3@+ µ/3&.358@&?$+ 3*5 4.*5($+ 43* Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 3*-&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*5 X2<''*5 Q*53/µI/);A*5, 43:' .0#: 3*5 Bainz. Q)<13:?/ 43: U@#*4*1@?L?&@ 43:' M5&;;/#@?L W/*#*;@?L H8*#L. -&)&?*#*EC:4/ µ/)@?$+ .&)&(04/@+ ?&@ 43: b2Jµ&@*?&C*#@?L W/*#*;@?L H8*#L. ,&3< 3* .)K3* /%<µ:'* 1958/59 .&)&?*#*EC:4/ .&)<#J#:#& ?&@ 3* H/µ@'<)@* ;@& 3:' /?.&A(/54: .&430)2', .)*?/@µ$'*5 '& 45µ.&)&43&C*E'4/ /);&N0µ/'*5+ 43: I@*µ:8&'A& ?&@ $#&I/ 3* 48/3@?0 -358A*. G@/E)5'/ 3*5+ .'/5µ&3@?*E+3*5 *)AN*'3/+ 08@ µ0'* µ/ 3@+ &'3A43*@8/+ 4.*5($+ 43: 1@#*4*1A&, 3: C):4?/@*#*;A& ?&@ 3&#*@.< µ&CLµ&3& 32' H8*#K' 3*5, &##< ?&@ µ/ µ&CLµ&3& 43:' &)&I@?L ;#K44&, 3*' .*#@3@J4µ0 ?&@ 3:' @'(@?L C):4?/A& ?&@ 1@#*4*1A&.O:' /.*8L &53L $#&I/, µ/3< &.0 (@&;2'@4µ0 ?&@ 4/ µ*)1L .#L)*5+ /3L4@&+ 5.*3)*1A&+,1960J61), 3* .)K3* “R)&I/A* Q*53/µI/);A*5” 3:+ .0#:+ 3*5 Mainz.

Y.0 3:' /.AI#/]: 3*5 ,&C:;:3L 3*5 Anton Hilckman (H5;?)@3@?L M.@43Lµ: 32'-*#@3@4µK'), * *.*A*+ L3&' 41*()0+ .*#$µ@*+ 3*5 \A3#/) ?&@ ;'2430+ 1@#$##:'&+ ($;?#/@J43*+ 4/ H3)&30./(& H5;?$'3)24:+, 1939J1945), /3*Aµ&4/ (@(&?3*)@?L (@&3)@IL µ/ C$µ&:METAKENOSIS. Das kulturelle Zentralproblem des neuen Griechenland bei Korais undOikonomos, Mainz 1962, 303 4/#., : *.*A& /?(0C:?/ .)041&3& (2010) 43& /##:'@?< (BMJOF,MT^HXH. M##<(& – =)C*(*%A& – G@&123@4µ0+ ?&3< 3*' ,*)&L ?&@ 3*' =@?*'0µ*, 3554/#.). S (@&3)@IL &53L *(L;:4/ 43:' &'&;0)/54L 3*5 4/ G@(<?3*)& 3:+ U@#*4*1A&+ &.0 3:U@#*4*1@?L H8*#L 3*5 Bainz (28 U/I). 1962) µ/ 3:' $'(/@%: «<)@43&».F);03/)& 45µ.#L)24/ 3@+ µ/3&.358@&?$+ 3*5 4.*5($+ 43: W/*#*;@?L H8*#L W/4/'A?:+ µ//.A(*4: «#A&' /5(0?@µ*'». S /.@µ$#/@< 3*5 ?&@ *@ /.@(04/@+ 3*5 A42+ 8&)&?3:)AN*'3&@ ?&J#E3/)& &.Z 0#& &.0 3*' 43A8* 3*5 .*@:3L R@34$'3N*5 ,*)'<)*5 43*' M)230?)@3*:

«:… G2+ µ*5 '& µ<C2 ;#L;*)& ?@ : K)& µ&4/ I@<N/@ ?@ *.*E 4.*5(<N/@ 43: (*5#/@<&.*'2)A+ 4?*#<N/@…» (R. 43. 1871J1872).

B/ .)03&4: 3:+ U@#*4*1@?L+ H8*#L+ 3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5 3*5 Mainz (@*)A4C:?/&.0 3*' Y.*5);0 -&@(/A&+ b:'&'A&+J-&#&3@'<3*5 43: C$4: 3*5 M.@43:µ*'@?*E R*:C*E/M.@Jµ/#:3L 43* H/µ@'<)@* H5;?)@3@?L+ M.@43Lµ:+ 32' -*#@3@4µK' (1.1.1962J30.9.1963), 0.*5 &'$J#&I/, µ/3&%E <##2' µ&NA µ/ 3*' ,&C:;. Eugen Ludwig Rapp 3: G@/EC5'4: M.@43:µ*'@?L+=µ<(&+ M);&4A&+ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft), 5.0 3*' ;/'@?0 3A3#*: «S M##:'*)C0(*%*+ M??#:J4A& /@+ 3* .&)0'» ?&@ (A(&%/ 3* µ<C:µ& &530 /.A 6 /%<µ:'& (&.0 1J9J1960 µ$8)@ 30J9J1963,2 K)/+ /I(*µ&(@&A2+) µ/ 3&5308)*': <4?:4: 32' 1*@3:3K' 43: '/*/##:'@?L ;#K44&. B/ /@J

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4L;:4L 3*5 3* ;/)µ&'@?0 &530 .&'/.@43Lµ@* *);<'24/ 3* 1962 ?&@ 3* 1963 3:' /*)3L 32'O)@K' X/)&)8K' µ/ (@&#$%/@+ 5]:#*E ?E)*5+.�3&' @()EC:?/ : 2: Q/)µ&'@?L O:#/0)&4: (ZDF), µ/ $()& 3* Bainz, * ?&C:;:3L+ 3*5 3:+U@#*4*1A&+ Karl Holzamer, .)K3*+ Q/'. G@/5C5'3L+ 3*5 µ/;<#*5 &53*E ?)&3@?*E 3:#/*J.3@?*E H3&Cµ*E, (@0)@4/ 3*' F#$%. -&.&(/)0 M.@43:µ*'@?0 HEµI*5#* 3*5 H3&Cµ*E µ/ &)Jµ*(@03:3& 4/ C$µ&3& =)C*(*%A&+. ,&3< 3:' .&)&µ*'L 3*5 43: Q/)µ&'A&, * 3@µKµ/'*+ &.0]/&'$.35%/ (@<1*)/+ ()&43:)@03:3/+ 5.$) 32' /?/A /);&N*µ$'2' M##L'2' (/.@4?$]/@+ 4/ 8KJ)*5+ /);&4A&+, 5.*µ'Lµ&3& .)*+ &)µ*(A*5+, (2)/<' .&)<43&4: 4/ (A?/+ µ/ 3:' @(@03:3&3*5 (@/)µ:'$& ?.<.), ?&CK+ ?&@ 5.$) 32' M##L'2' 1*@3:3K' 3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5 3*5 B<@'3+(/%/E)/4: ?&3*@?A&+, 5.*3)*1A/+, &'3@µ/3K.@4: /@(@?K' &'&;?K' 3*5+). H3L)@%/ &?0µ: 3*?*@'2'@?0 ?&@ &'&.35%@&?0 $);* .'*L+ 3*5 ,@4<µ*5 ?&@ H/#A'*5 M@):'&A*5, @(A2+ 3@+ O/J8'@?$+ H8*#$+ ,&43/##A*5, µ/ 45;?$'3)24: ?&@ &.*43*#L /);&#/A2' ?&@ <##*5 &'&;?&A*55#@?*E.

O:' /.*8L &53L /;?&3&#/A./@ 3:' .)**.3@?L 3:+ &?&(:µ&`?L+ 43&(@*()*µA&+, (@03@$8/@ &)8A4/@ '& 3*' 45'&).<N/@ 3* $);* 43* *.*A* &);03/)& C& &1@/)2C/A, : (:µ@*5);A& (:J#&(L /'0+ ?$'3)*5 .)*I#:µ&3@4µ*E, ?*@'2'@?L+ ()<4:+ ?&@ (@*5 43*' *)C0(*%* 8K)*,&'<#*;*5 /?/A'2' .*5 5.L)8&' 43: G53@?L M5)K.:. B/#$3:4/ 3* $);* &530 43:' M5&;;/J#@?L F?&(:µA& 3*5 Bad Boll 3:+ Q/)µ&'A&+ &.0 1J10J1963 µ$8)@ 31J3J1964, 2+ µ$#*+ 3*5 M.@J43:µ*'@?*E H5µI*5#A*5 3:+ .)K3:+ 43*' ?04µ* \)@43@&'@?L+ &53L+ F?&(:µA&+ (43& .#&A4@&.)*/3*@µ&4A&+ 3:+ =)C*(0%*5 F?&(:µA&+ ,)L3:+). = F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ /A8/ /;?&A)2+ &'3@#:1C/A 03@ 8)/@&N03&' $'& ILµ& 43*' *)C0(*%* 8K)*08@ µ0'* ;@& 3& /??#:4@&43@?< C$µ&3&, &##< ?&@ ;@& 3*' (@<#*;* µ/3&%E ?*@'2'A&+ ?&@ M?J?#:4A&+, ;@& '& 45N:3:C*E' 3& C$µ&3& .*5 303/ (/' 5.L)8/ : .*#53$#/@& 3:+ .&)*54@<4/K+3*5+ &.0 3:' «?*@'2'A& 32' .*#@3K'». S 43/'03/): ;'2)@µA& 3*5 µ/ 3* $);* 32' \)@43@&J'@?K' F?&(:µ@K' 3*5 .)*%$':4/ $'3*'* .)*I#:µ&3@4µ0, .*5 ?&3$#:%/ 43:' ./.*AC:4L 3*5,03@ µ@& =)C0(*%*+ F?&(:µA& 43:' M##<(& C& µ.*)*E4/ '& 45µI<#/@ 43:' /'/);*.*A:4:(5'<µ/2', @?&'K' '& &.&'3L4*5' (:µ@*5);@?< 43@+ '$/+ .)*?#L4/@+, µ/ 3&5308)*': &%@*J.*A:4: 32' '$2' /5?&@)@K'. B$42 3:+ F?&(:µA&+ C& µ.*)*E4/ '& 5#*.*@L4/@ 3* 0)&µ< 3*5?&@ 0)&µ& 3*5 B:3)*.*#A3: ,@4<µ*5 ?&@ H/#A'*5 M@):'&A*5 ;@& 3:' &.*43*#L 3:+ =)C*J(*%A&+ 43:' ,)L3:, 43:' M##<(& ?&@ /5)E3/)& 43:' M5)K.:, &##< ?&@ ;@& 3:' .)*I*#L 3:+,)L3:+ 2+ .*#@3@4µ@?L+ /'03:3&+.2. -%2" $!*, -../'/: =)C0(*%*+ F?&(:µA& ,)L3:+ ( =F,) Y.*5);/A* -&@(/A&+2.1. M?/A': 3:' /.*8L * F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ ?&30)C24/ '& .)*/3*@µ<4/@ 3* $(&1*+ ;@& 3:' /%&J41<#@4: &.0 Q/)µ&'@?$+ /??#:4@&43@?$+ .:;$+ 32' .0)2', .*5 L3&' &'&;?&A*@ ;@& 3:' A()54:3:+ F?&(:µA&+ 43:' M##<(&. S 45'/);&4A& 3*5 µ/ 3*' (@(<4?&#0 3*5 ?&@ M.A4?*.* ,@4<µ*5?&@ H/#A'*5 M@):'&A* (Q&#&'<?:), .*5 L3&' (@&)?L+ 4/ <##& N:3Lµ&3&, /.@?/'3)KC:?/ 43*''$*, 5]:#0 4308* 3:+ F?&(:µA&+. B/ -)<%: 3*5 M.@4?0.*5 (1: U/I). 1963) $;@'/ 4E43&4: «u.@J3)*.{+ v()E4/2+ u??#:4@&43@?{+ "?&(:µA&+ .&)< 3� v/)� B*'� Q2'@y+ ,@4<µ*5 ,)L3:+».-)0/()*+ * M.A4?*.*+, Q)&µµ&3$&+ * F#. -&.&(/)0+. =@ *@?*(*µ@?$+ /);&4A/+ <)8@4&' 3* 19654/ *@?0./(* .*5 .&)&8K):4/ : I. 4$-7 K/-"E(, 3* @43*)@?0 B*'&43L)@ µ/ 3:' .#*E4@& ?&@ µ*J'&(@?L @43*)A&, ?&@ 3/#/A24&' 3* 1968, *.03/ $;@'&' ?&@ 3& /;?&A'@& 3:+ =F, ?&@ <)8@4/ : #/@J

27

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28

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29

&.(.$.'.-.H/ 4E'3*µ* 8)0'* µ/3< 3:' *)?2µ*4A& ?&@ 3:' $'&)%: #/@3*5);A&+ 3*5 -.X., * F#$%. -&.&J(/)0+, 82)A+ '& &.&##&;/A .#L)2+ &.0 3& ?&CL?*'3< 3*5 43* X'43@3*E3*, &.*4.<4C:?/43:' ,/'3)@?L Y.:)/4A& 3*5 Y.*5);/A*5 2+ F'3@.)0/()*+ 3*5 ,/'3)@?*E Y.:)/4@&?*E H5µJI*5#A*5 G/53/)*I<Cµ@&+ M?.&A(/54:+ (,YHGM, 4Eµ12'& µ/ 3@+ (@&3<%/@+ 3*5 <)C. 27 3*548/3@?*E T.G.). Y.:)$3:4/ 43* ,YHGM &.0 5.3.1965 µ$8)@ 31.12.1966 (*.03/ $#:%/ ?&3<T0µ* : C:3/A& 3*5 43: C$4: /?/A': ?&@ &'$#&I/ .<#@ .#L)2+ 3& ?&CL?*'3< 3*5 2+ µ$#*+3*5 OµLµ&3*+ G/53/)*I<Cµ@&+ M?.&A(/54:+ ?&@ 3:+ =#*µ$#/@&+ 3*5 -.X.).F.0 3:' &)8L 3:+ C:3/A&+ 3*5 43* -.X. &'&3$C:?&' 43*' F#$%. -&.&(/)0 ?&@ <##& (@*@?:J3@?<, ./@C&)8@?< ?&@ /?.&@(/53@?< ?&CL?*'3&, µ/3&%E 32' *.*A2':J S /?.)*4K.:4: 3*5 Y.*5);/A*5 L 3*5 -.X. 4/ (@/C'L H5'$()@&, G@&4?$]/@+ 3*5 H5µI*5#A*53:+ M5)K.:+, 3:+ =YTMH,= ?&@ <##2' (@/C'K' =);&'@4µK', ?&CK+ ?&@ /@(@?$+ &.*43*#$+.J =µ@#A/+ 43* b&(@012'* L 4/ 45'<%/@+ /?.&@(/53@?K'.J G@(&4?&#A& 4/ ?&C:;:3$+ .*##K' ?#<(2', 4/ (&4?<#*5+ ?&@ 4/ 1*@3:3$+ 3:+ F?&(:µA&+H2µ&3@?L+ F;2;L+.J F.04.&4: 43:' M.@3)*.L G@*@?L4/2+ ?&@ =@?*'*µ@?L+ G@&8/@)A4/2+ 3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5,)L3:+, µ/ $()& 3:' F?&(:µA&. S &.04.&4: $;@'/ µ/ 3:' &.0 19 J3 1975 F.01&4: 3*5Y.*5);*E -&@(/A&+ -&'&;@K3: [$.*5, E43/)& &.0 48/3@?L .)03&4: 3:+ M.@3)*.L+ ?&@ ?5J)A2+ 3*5 -)*$()*5 3:+, µ&?&)@43*E ,&C:;:3L B&'*E4&?&. H?*.0+ 3:+ &.04.&4:+: Y.*JI*LC:4: 3*5 $);*5 3:+ M.@3)*.L+ ?&@ ;@& 8)0'* A4* .)*+ 3*' 8)0'* #/@3*5);A&+ 3:+. B/3:' Y.*5);@?L F.01&4: *)A4C:?/ 2+ $()& : ,)L3: ?&@ (0C:?&' 43*' F#$%. -&.&(/)0&5%:µ$'/+ &)µ*(@03:3/+ ;@& 3:' 3&8E3/): .)*KC:4: ?&@ 3:' /.A 30.*5 /.A#54: C/µ<32' 3*5-&'/.@43:µA*5, 0.2+, /.A4:+, ?&@ *(:;A/+ 43@+ ?&3< 30.*5 &)8$+ ;@& '& 3*' I*:CL4*5' µ/0#& 3& µ$4& 43:' /.A#54: 32' .<4:+ 1E4/2+ .)*I#:µ<32' (19.3.1975 µ$8)@ 23.2. 1976).&PM579M -AL>HG4<5HA=M )4D45=M A>H -LHµ97Z=B4KI (&.-.).-.)

B/3< 3: 4E43&4: 3*5 ,MBM (T. 186/75) /'3<8C:?/ &53*(@?&A2+ 4/ C$4: M@(@?*EH5µI*E#*5 µ/ 3*' I&Cµ0 RZ3:+ ?&3:;*)A&+ /@(@?K' C$4/2'. -&)*54@<4C:?/ ?&@ &'$#&I/5.:)/4A& (25J2J1976) ?&@ .&)$µ/@'/ 43: C$4: &53L ./)A.*5 /'<µ@45 8)0'*. ,E)@* $);* 3*53:' ./)A*(* &53L L3&' : 4E'3&%: .)*48/(A*5 ;@& 3*' X()53@?0 T0µ* 3*5 -*#53/8'/A*5 ,)LJ3:+ 43& \&'@<.M@4&;2;L 3*5 µ&CLµ&3*+ 3:+ «O*.@?L+ X43*)A&+».G/(*µ$'*5 03@ * F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ /A8/ 5.*43:)A%/@ $'3*'& 3:' &'<;?: (@(&4?&#A&+ 3:+ 3*J.@?L+ @43*)A&+, µ/ 3:' F.01&4: 3*5 Y.*5);*E -&@(/A&+ 43@+ 20 J6J1995 ;@& «-/@)&µ&3@?L(@(&4?&#A& 3:+ O*.@?L+ X43*)A&+ 43:' ,)L3: ?&@ 43: W/44&#*'A?: ;@& 3* 48*#@?0 $3*+1995J96», 3*E &'&3$C:?/ : /1&)µ*;L 3*5 .)*;)<µµ&3*+ 43:' ,)L3: 43: (@/3A& 1995J1997.F530 4Lµ&@'/: -/@)&µ&3@?L (@(&4?&#A& 3:+ O*.@?L+ X43*)A&+ 4/ 140 (:µ*3@?< 48*#/A&0#*5 3*5 ':4@*E, 0.2+ /A8/ * A(@*+ /@4:;:C/A, µ/ .&)<##:#& /.@µ*)123@?< .)*;)<µµ&3& ;@&3*5+ (&4?<#*5+.$<µ:9NDH9 $S9DHA=M $<µ:9NDKM B/ Y.*5);@?L F.01&4: 3:+ 15/1/1998 (UM, 40/3. RZ/27J1J98) * F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ *)A43:?/3&?3@?0 µ$#*+ 3*5 H5µI*5#A*5 H8*#@?K' H5µI*E#2' G/Cµ@&+ M?./4:+ ;@& 3:' /.@#*;L H8*J

30

#@?K' H5µI*E#2'» 3:+ /@(@?03:3&+ W/*#0;2' ;@& $'& $3*+. 1982?84 -HGHAEI $Nµ:9<D9I [78BA4<µ65KM�43/)& &.0 .)04?#:4: 3*5 303/ Y.*5);*E MC'@?L+ -&@(/A&+ ?&@ W):4?/5µ<32' V/53$):R/)5I<?: (@*)AN/3&@ M@(@?0+ HEµI*5#*+ W):4?/5µ<32' 3* 1982. F'&#&µI<'/@ 3: C$4: &53Lµ/ &543:)K+ /.@43:µ*'@?< ?)@3L)@& ?&@ (:#K'/@ 03@ C& 3:' (@&3:)L4/@ µ0'*' /<' ?&@ /.A04* 8)0'* C& µ.*)/A '& #/@3*5);/A 4Eµ12'& µ/ 3@+ 5.&;*)/E4/@+ 3:+ 45'/A(:4L+ 3*5. H5J'$8@4/ 3:' .)*41*)< 3:+ 5.:)/4A&+ 3*5 ?&@ /.A 5.*5);A&+ F.*430#*5 ,&?#&µ<': µ$8)@16J2J1984, *.03/ ?&@ .&)&@3LC:?/ #0;2 (@&12'A&+ 3*5 µ/ 3*' Y.*5);0 /.A ?/1&#&@K(*5+N:3Lµ&3*+, .*5 &1*)*E4/ 43:' M??#:4A& 3:+ ,)L3:+ ?&@ 3* =@?*5µ/'@?0 -&3)@&)8/A*. 3. 0".#!#&-$ 0%"!/$-#$�#* &530 3* (@<43:µ& ($83:?/ .*##$+ .)*3<4/@+ '& &'&µ@8C/A 43:' .*#@3@?L ?&@ 3@+ &)'LJC:?/ .<'3& 8<)@' 3:+ =F,. O)A& .&)&(/A;µ&3&: M.Aµ*': .)03&4: 3:+ 8*E'3&+, '& &'&#<I/@3* Y.*5);/A* -&@(/A&+. S <)':4L 3*5 .)*?<#/4/ 4/@)< (548/)/@K'. S &.0))@]: .)03&4:+3*5 Q/2);&#< '& &'&#<I/@ 5]:#L .*#@3@?L C$4: 43:' ,)L3: 3*' <1:4/ 82)A+ (@&I&3L)@*.S &.01&4L 3*5 '& &1@/)2C/A .#L)2+ 43:' F?&(:µA& 3*' *(L;:4/ 4/ <)':4: #A&' 3@µ:3@?L+.)03&4:+ &.0 3*' /.@1&'L .*#@3@?0 Q/K);@* B&E)*. 4. '#-[,*$ 0/%"($#/& - &O* H5µI*E#@* M5)2.&`?K' M??#:4@K', Konferenz Europäischer Kirchen (,M,), Conferenceof European Churches (CEC), /()/E/@ 43: Q/'/E:. B$#: 3*5 /A'&@ 126 M??#:4A/+ 3:+ M5)K.:+(=)C0(*%/+, F;;#@?&'@?$+, -)*3/43&'3@?$+).O* =@?*5µ/'@?0 -&3)@&)8/A* ,2'43&'3@'*5.0#/2+ 45µ./)@$#&I/ 3*' F#$%. -&.&(/)0 43:'/.A4:µ: F'3@.)*42.A& 3*5 ;@& 3:' VII. Q/'@?L H5'$#/54: 3*5 ,M, 43* Engelberg 3:+ M#I/J3A&+ (1974). M?/A $;@'/ : /?#*;L 3*5 4/ -)0/()* 3*5 AZ OµLµ&3*+ 3:+ H5'/#/E4/2+, µ/ F'J3@.)0/()* 3*' F;;#@?&'0 M.A4?*.* Rodgers. H3: 45'$8/@& 3& 400 µ$#: 3:+ H5'$#/54:+(/.A4:µ*@ /?.)042.*@ 32' M??#:4@K' 3:+ M5)K.:+, F'&3*#@?L+ ?&@ G53@?L+) /%$#/%&' 3*'F#$%. -&.&(/)0 µ$#*+ 3:+ H5µI*5#/53@?L+ M.@3)*.L+ 3*5 ,M, ;@& µ@& ./'3&/3A&. B/45'/8/A+ /.&'/?#*;$+ .&)$µ/@'/ 43: C$4: &53L µ$8)@ 3: Q/'. H5'$#/54: 43* Trondheim 3:+T*)I:;A&+ (2003). MA8/ N:3L4/@ /;;)<12+ &.0 3*' =@?. -&3)@<)8: R&)C*#*µ&A*, '& µ:45'/8@4C/A : .&)&µ*'L 3*5 43:' 2+ <'2 #A&' 3@µ:3@?L, 04* ?&@ 5./EC5': C$4:, 0.*5 ?&'/A+.*3$ (/' 5.:)$3:4/ /.A 304& 45'&.3< $3:, 04& /?/A'*+, &##< '& /?#/;*E' '/K3/)*@. O* &AJ3:µ& $;@'/ (/?30. M%/#$;:4&' *@: F543)A&+ B@8&L#, H&4Aµ2' Q/''<(@*+ ?&@ Q&##A&+ Mµµ&J'*5L#, * *.*A*+ &'$#&I/ ?&@ 3:' -)*/()A& 3*5 ,M,, (@&(/80µ/'*+ 3*' M#I/3A&+ X/)/µA&.,&3< 3: (@<)?/@& 3:+ C:3/A&+ 3*5 43* ,M,, * F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ 5.L)%/:J F'3@.)042.*+ 3*5 ,M, 43* H5µI*E#@* 3:+ M5)K.:+ ;@& C$µ&3& -&@(/A&+.J B$#*+ ?&@ -)0/()*+ (@&10)2' M.@3)*.K' ?&@ &.*43*#K' 3*5 ,M,.J -)0/()*+ 3*5 ,M, /.A $'& /%<µ:'* ( 1992J1993), ?&#E.3*'3&+ 3: C$4: .*5 ?&3/A8/, 2+-)0/()*+, * B:3)*.*#A3:+ F#$%@*+, * *.*A*+ &.*4E)C:?/ 03&' &'&(/A8C:?/ -&3)@<)8:+B048&+ ?&@ .<4:+ b24A&+.�3&' 3* -)*/()/A* ?&@ : H5µI*5#/53@?L M.@3)*.L 3*5 ,M, 45'/()A&N&' 43: B048& 3*1976, $)8/3&@ .)*+ 45NL3:4: 3* /%082+ 4*I&)0 C$µ& 3*5 30.*5 45;?#L4/2+ 3:+ VIII. Q/'.

31

H5'$#/54:+. = Q/'. Q)&µµ&3$&+ &)8AN/@ 3:' /@4L;:4L 3*5, #$;*'3&+ 03@ $8/@ /3*@µ<4/@ 48/(0'3& .<'3& ;@& '& ;A'/@ : H5'$#/54: 43* -&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*5 Stirling 3:+ H?23A&+. = F#$%.-&.&(/)0+ &'3@.)*3/A'/@ 3:' ,)L3:. M'C*54@&4µ0+ 32' 45'$()2'. M?'/5)@4µ0+ 3*5 Q/'.Q)&µµ&3$&: G/' $8*5µ/ .)04?#:4: &.0 3:' M??#:4A& 4&+, 0.2+ &.&@3/A 3* ,&3&43&3@?03*5 ,M,. -&.&(/)0+: M;K /Aµ&@ : .)04?#:4:! [: 1)<4: .&)&µ$'/@ $?3*3/ .&)*@µ@K(:+]. O*U&'<)@ &'3$()&4/ C/3@?<, : /.A4:µ: .)04?#:4: ?&3&3$C:?/, : Q/'. H5'$#/54: .)&;µ&3*J.*@LC:?/ 43:' =)C0(*%* F?&(:µA& ?&@ 4/ %/'*(*8/A* 3:+ ./)@*8L+ 3*' =?3KI)@* 3*5 1979.O* =@?. -&3)@&)8/A*, : M??#:4A& 3:+ ,)L3:+ ?&@ : =F, 5.*($8C:?&' 3& µ$#: 3:+ µ/;<#:+/?/A':+ ?&@ /.@358:µ$':+ H5'$#/54:+, 3:+ .)K3:+ ?&@ µ0':+ 4/ *)C0(*%* 8K)*.'HG>BA>D;> B59 4QK547HAEM?30+ &.0 .*#5<)@Cµ/+ (@&#$%/@+ 4/ .*##< -&'/.@43Lµ@& ?&@ ?5)A2+ 43* -&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*5Q?)&3+ 3:+ F543)A&+, * F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ /);<N/3&@ 3* 1989 2+ M.@4?$.3:+ ,&C:;:3L+ 4/W/*#*;@?L H8*#L 3*5 H@?<;*5 (McCormick Theological Seminary).!>Q;GH>H3* .#&A4@* 32' .&)&.<'2 @(@*3L32' ?&@ ()&43:)@*3L32' 3*5 * -&.&(/)0+, /.@4?$13:?/.*##$+ 8K)/+ 0#2' 32' :./A)2', µ/)@?$+ /.&'/@#:µµ$'2+, ;@& 45µµ/3*8L ?&@ *µ@#A/+ 4/ 45J'$()@&, (@&#$%/@+, /@(@?$+ &.*43*#$+ ?.#..5. $(22%/1#&* '%/$!*%#"!*!/450 ?&@ .#$*' (:µ*4@/Eµ&3& (<)C)&, µ/#$3/+, #Lµµ&3& 4/ /;?5?#*.&@(/A/+, µ*'*;)&1A/+, I@JI#A&), 3& ./)@4403/)& 4/ %$'/+ ;#K44/+. O* /E)*+ 32' (:µ*4@/5µ<32' 3/)<43@*: F.0 ?/Aµ/'&1@#*4*1@?*E, C):4?/53@?*E ?&@ C):4?/@*#*;@?*E ./)@/8*µ$'*5 4/ ?/Aµ/'& @43*)@?<, #&*J;)&1@?<, ?*@'2'@*#*;@?<, ?/Aµ/'& &@4C:3@?L+ ?&@ ?/Aµ/'& ;#244*#*;@?*E /'(@&1$)*'3*+.H3& 3/#/53&A& /%$8*54& C$4: $8/@ 3* I@I#A* «MVVST V=Q=H», 43* *.*A* &'&1$)/@ /##:'@J?$+ #$%/@+, .*5 8):4@µ*.*@*E'3&@ 43& F;;#@?<, Q&##@?<, Q/)µ&'@?< ?&@ bK4@?&. O* I@I#A*&.*43$##/3&@ (2)/<' ?5)A2+ 4/ =)C0(*%/+ W/*#*;@?$+ H8*#$+, .)*?/@µ$'*5 '& (@/5?*#5'JC*E' *@ 1*@3:3$+ 43: 4.*5(L 3:+ /##:'@?L+ ;#K44&+ – 3*5 .)23035.*5 (:#&(L 3:+ ,&@'L+G@&CL?:+ ?&@ 3:+ µ/3<1)&4:+ 32' =Z.G@/5C5'3L+ 32' M?(04/2' 3:+ =F,, 5.L)%/, /.A4:+, M?(03:+ ?&@ G@/5C5'3L+ H5'3<%/2+ 3*5G/#3A*5 3:+ HI;J0K0I A;3;JJ;KL) (1986J2008), 91 3/E8:, 1054 4/#A(/+, M@(@?0+ HEµI*5#*+3:+ W):4?/53@?L+ ?&@ SC@?L+ M;?5?#*.&@(/A&+, 45;;)&1$&+ (@&10)2' #:µµ<32' ?&@ µ$#*+ :J 3:+ M##:'@?L+ F'C)2.*#*;@?L+ M3&@)/A&+ ?&@J 3:+ X43*)@?L+ ?&@ V&*;)&1@?L+ M3&@)/A&+ ,)L3:+.6. '#/&%#$-#$J a)82' Y.*µ':µ&3*;)<1*+ 3*5 =@?*5µ/'@?*E -&3)@&)8/A*5 (1968).J -&)<4:µ& 32' -&3)@&)8/A2' F'3@*8/A&+, B048&+, R*5?*5)/43A*5, H01@&+, 3{+ ")µ/'@?{+M??#:4A&+ 3*5 V@I<'*5, 3:+ M??#:4A&+ 3:+ F@C@*.A&+ ?.<.J -&)<4:µ* 3:+ =µ*4.*'(@&?L+ G:µ*?)&3A&+ 3:+ (303/) G53@?L+ Q/)µ&'A&+ (H3&5)0+ G@&J?/?)@µ$'2' 9.:)/4@K' – Bundesverdienstkreuz FZ O<%/2+) /.A .)*/()A&+ 3*5 Richard vonWeizsäcker. J O&?3@?0 B$#*+ 3:+ M5)2.&`?L+ F?&(:µA&+ M.@43:µK' ?&@ O/8'K'. (d()&: Salzburg.M?#*;L: 10 T*/µI)A*5 2001. M.A4:µ: 5.*(*8L: 9 B&)3A*5 2002).

32

J 2003: ,&3< 3: (@<)?/@& #&µ.)L+ 3/#/3L+ 43:' &AC*54& H5'*(@?K' G@&4?$]/2' 3*5 T&*E3*5 H23L)*+ \)@43*E, * F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ .&)$#&I/ (21.1.2003) &.0 3*' -&3)@<)8: B048&+F#$%@* RZ ?&@ 3*' ,&C:;:3L R&#$)@* F#/%$/1, -)0/()* 3*5 G@/C'*E+ X()Eµ&3*+ ;@& 3:'M'03:3& 32' =)C*(0%2' \)@43@&'@?K' MC'K', IFUOCN, 3* R)&I/A* 3*5 $3*5+ 2002 3*5X()Eµ&3*+ &53*E ?&@ .*40' 20.000 (*#&)A2' S-F 5.$) 3:+ =F,, 2+ &'&;'K)@4: 3*5 /';$'/@ $);*5 3:+ ?&@ µ<#@43& /?/A'*5 3:+ .)*&;2;L+ 32' (@*)C*(0%2' 48$4/2'. O* M##:'@?0Q/'@?0 -)*%/'/A* 3:+ B048&+ *);<'24/ µ/;<#: (/%A24: 2+ $?1)&4: /58&)@43A&+ 3*5 M#J#:'@?*E ,)<3*5+ ;@& 3: µ/;<#: &53L 3@µ:3@?L (@<?)@4: µ/ .)*4?/?#:µ$'*5+ &.0 3*' /??#:J4@&43@?0, 3*' /.@43:µ*'@?0 ?&@ 3*' ?*@'2'@?0 8K)* 3:+ B048&+. O* A(@* R)&I/A* /.@(0C:?/?&3< 3:' &53L #A&' /.A4:µ: 3/#/3L 43*' -&3)@<)8: F'3@*8/A&+ X;'<3@*, 43*' -)0/()* 3:+R*5#;&)A&+ Georgi Parvanov, 43*' G.N. Seleznev, -)0/()* 3:+ R*5#L+ 3:+ b24A&+ (Duma)?&@ 43*' M4C*'0 A. Luukas.7. 0%"$+0#&* \+SMA'&@ .)*1&'$+ 03@ 3$3*@&+ /?3<4/2+ ()&43:)@03:3/+ (/' µ.*)*E' '& .)&;µ&3*.*@:C*E'82)A+ 3:' 5.*43L)@%: µ@&+ &)µ*'@?L+ ?&@ (/µ$':+ *@?*;$'/@&+. = F#$%. -&.&(/)0+ 3:' /A8/(:µ@*5);L4/@ &.0 3* 1963, 03&' 3$#/4/ 3*' ;<µ* 3*5 µ/ 3:' a''& -*#58)*'@<(*5, .358@J*E8* 3:+ Q&##@?L+ U@#*#*;A&+ 3*5 F)@43*3/#/A*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5 J Y.<##:#* 3*5 =OM, :*.*A& 5.L)%/ <%@& 45'*(*@.0)*+ µ@&+ /.A.*':+ ?&@ &':1*)@?L+ .*)/A&+ ?&@ 45µ.&)&43<3@+4/ 0#/+ 3@+ (54?*#A/+. F.$?3:4&' (5* /%&@)/3@?< .&@(@< (3: B&)A&, .&@(A&3)*, ?&@ 3*' -*J#58)0':, &43)*154@?0) ?&@ 3)A& /;;0'@&.8. -0#."2"$S &'&;?&43@?< 45'*.3@?L &53L &'&1*)< 43: N2L 3*5 F#$%. -&.&(/)*E 1$)'/@ 43* '*5 3@& 3*5 µ/;<#*5 a;;#*5 .*@:3L O$''54*', 43* .*A:µ< 3*5 «=(544$&+»:«…T& .)*4.&C/A+, '& ]<8'/@+, '& I)A4?/@+ ?&@ '& µ:' /'(A(/@+».MA'&@, 0µ2+, C&))K, ?)Aµ& ?&@ <(@?* '& µ@#<+ ;@& $'&' =)C0(*%* d##:'& ,):3@?0 ?&@ .*J#A3: 3*5 ?04µ*5 µ/ 43A8*5+ /'0+ a;;#*5. _42+, ?&#E3/)& &.*(A(/@ 3& .)<;µ&3& * R@34$'3N*+,*)'<)*+, .<#@ 43*' M)230?)@3* (?&@ 8&A)*µ&@, ;@&3A 3* .*A:µ& &?*E;/3&@ 4Lµ/)& 43:' &AJC*54& &53L, .*5 3:' $8/@ /@?*'*;)&1L4/@ µ/ I<4: 3*5+ 43A8*5+ 3*5 * &.&)<µ@##*+ 8/@)@43L+3*5 8)243L)& ,):3@?0+ N2;)<1*+ U&'*5)<?:+):

«…�#& 3& .#*E3: ?@ &1/'3@$+ 4IL'*5'/ ?&@ 8&#*E4@,&@ µ/3&##<44*5, ?Z*@ ?&@)*A 458'@< 3& ?&3&#*E4@,B& : ;'K4: /?/A .*5 I)A4?/3&@ ?&@ 34Z&)/3L+ 3& (K)&,�<N*5' J .&)< I&4A#/@&, .&)< 82)@< ?&@ 8K)&.=5(Z* 3)*80+ (/' $8/@ /%<, 2+ C$#/@ '& ;5)A4/@ZO: ;'K4: ?&@ 3:' &)/3L .*3$ '& ?&3&#E4/@…» (Q. 43. 905 – 910).

33

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34

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35

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36

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O*63* 4:µ&A'/@, j3@ 30 C$µ&, 30 n.*o* µ*6 .)*3<C:?/ ;@< 3L 4:µ/)@'L k?(L#24:,h.*3/#/o ;@< µ$'& µ&?)*8)0'@* IA2µ& ?&A kµ./@)A& .)0+ .#L)24: ?&A .)*KC:4: 3{+ .*#5J(@<43&3:+ «G@&#*;@?{+ µ&)35)A&+ 3{+ |)C*(*%A&+», r n.*A& .*3$ ($' h.$15;/ 3*E+ G@&#0J;*5+, j.2+ 3*'AN/@ 45'/8g+ ?&A n =>?*5µ/'@?0+ -&3)@<)8:+ R&)C*#*µ&o*+, ?&A µ<#@43&h?0µ: ?&A j3&' *m G@<#*;*@ &l3*A /p'&@ (548/)/o+ ?&A �(5':)*A. B$ 3L' k#.A(&, I/I&A2+, ?&A3L' ./.*AC:4:, j3@ *m G@<#*;*@ &l3*A /p'&@ «G@<#*;*@ ,&3&##&;{+», j.2+ �'*µ<N/3&@ /.@J;)&µµ&3@?< ?&A 30 -/)@*(@?0, 30 n.*o* k?(A(/3&@ h.0 3L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& K)L3:+. ,&Ar |)C*(*%A& µ&+ 8&A)/3&@, j3&' ;'2)AN/@ j3@ P8/@ w%@& µ$#: ?&A 45'/);<3/+ 430 (E4?*#*3*63* P);* 3:+ ;@< 3*E+ .*#5(@<43&3*5+ G@*5+ 3{+ ,&3&##&;{+. B/3&%E &l3g' /p'&@?&A n 3@µKµ/'*+ 4Lµ/)&, n n.*o*+ q8@ µ0'*' ($' h./($8C: /l8&)A432+ 3L' 3@µ:3@?L h'<C/4:.*##g' (@&?*':µ<32' h.0 3L' B:3$)& u??#:4A&, 30 =>?*5µ/'@?0 µ&+ -&3)@&)8/o*, h##<?&A h./(/A8C: ?&A (:µ@*5);0+ '$2' (5'&3*3L32' k'<)%/2+ ?&A .)*2CL4/2+ 3g' G@2'&l3g'.

� |)C0(*%*+ "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+ h.*3$#/4/ z'& �()5µ& µ*'&(@?0, ?&3< 3L' �()54L3:+, &41&#g+ (/ ?&A 4Lµ/)& /p'&@ h.0 3< 4.<'@& 43L' |)C*(*%A&, .)23*.0)* ?&A (5'&µ@?0,?<3@ 30 '$*, jµ2+ I&4@4µ$'* 43A+ .&)&(04/@+ 3*6 #&*6 ?&A 3*6 PC'*5+ µ&+ ?&A )@N2µ$'* 43L'.'/5µ&3@?03:3& 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 u??#:4A&+ µ&+. O04* r h)8&A& ~##:'@?L "?&(:µA&, h.0j.*5 .{)/ 30 q'*µ&, j4* ?&A r |)C*(*%A& P8*5' I&4@?L µ$C*(* ?&A IA2µ& 30' h##:#*4/JI&4µ0, 30' />#@?)@'L (@<#*;*, ?&A µ<#@43& k.A }4*@+ j)*@+. ".*3/#/o q8@ µ0'* z'& 153K)@*?&A k);&43{)@ k;)L;*)4:+ ;@< 30 .&)0', (:#&(L ;@< z'& ?04µ* .*E 4Lµ/)& t.<)8/@, jµ2+.*E 43&C/)< h.2C/o3&@ ?&A h'&;?<N/3&@ '< 1E;/@, h##< ?&A /l&@4C:3*.*A:4:+ ;@< z'&?04µ* .*E )&;(&A& ?&A h'&.01/5?3& P)8/3&@ µ$ '$/+ ?&A .*#5(@<43&3/+ .)*?#L4/@+ ?&A

38

�(5':)$+ ?)A4/@+ ?&A ;@< 3L' u??#:4A& ?&A ;@< 30' 30.* µ&+.2

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".*3/#/o /l3E8:µ& ;@< 3L' u??#:4A& µ&+, ;@< 30' 30.* µ&+, h##< ?&A ;@< 30' 3@µKJµ/'*, j3@ n B:3)*.*#A3:+ M>):'&o*+ t.{)%/ -*@µ/'<)8:+ 430' 8g)* ()<4/2+ 3*6 3@µ2µ$'*5,43L B:3)0.*#: ,@4<µ*5 ?&A H/#A'*5. "##< ?&A ;@< 30' k.A4?*.* t.{)%/ /l3E8:µ&, j3@ /p8/z'& h'3<%@* 45'/);<3: ?&A 45'*(*@.0)*, 30' "#$%&'()* -&.&(/)0. ,&3’ k.&'<#:]: /p8&.)*42.@?L kµ./@)A& µ@y+ h##:#*./)@8K):4:+ ?&A h##:#*µ/3&?$'24:+ µ/3&%E &l3g', q8@µ0'*' >(/g', h##< ?&A 45;?/?)@µ$'2' .)*3<4/2' ?&A k'/);/@g', ;@< µ@< (5'&µ@?L .)*KC:4:?&A .)&;µ&3*.*A:4: 3{+ (@&#*;@?{+ µ&)35)A&+ 3{+ |)C*(*%A&+ 430' 4E;8)*'* ?04µ*.

� |)C0(*%*+ "?&(:µA& P8/@ h1/3:)A& ?&A .)g3* 8*):;0 ;@< 3L' �()54L 3:+ 3L'U?6E 4$-7 K/-"V(. Mp'&@ �()5µ& .*E 4$I/3&@ 3L' |)C0(*%: -&)<(*4:, YDLHG9ZE79 ;@<3A+ '$/+ .)*?#L4/@+ ?&A /lC6'/+ 43L' u??#:4A& µ&+, 43L' ?*@'2'A& µ&+ ?&A 4$ n#0?#:)* 30'\)@43@&'@?0 ?04µ*, h##< ?&A �()5µ& ̀ L9L59 ;@< 3*E+ &l3*&'&(/@?'50µ/'*5+ >485)*E+ 3*6µ*'*#0;*5 ?&A 3g' (@&3&;g', 43A+ (E4?*#/+ .*#@3@?$+ 45;?5)A/+ 3{+ 8K)&+ µ&+, ?&A ;@< 3*E+«N:#23$+ µL ?&3’ k.A;'24@'» 43*E+ ?0#.*5+ 3{+ u??#:4A&+ µ&+, j.2+ h'&1$)/@ n �;@*+ T/J?3<)@*+ 3*E+ &l3*8&)&?3:)@N0µ/'*5+ «1)*5)*E+ 3g' .&3)@?g' .&)&(04/2'»3 , *m n.*o*@µ$ 3L' t./)*]A& 3{+ /l4/I/A&+ C$#*5' 3L' u??#:4A& µ&+ h.#:4A&43* 1)*E)@* ?&A h.0)C:3*,82)A+ .&)<C5)& ?&A 1/;;A3/+, ?#/@430 ;?$33*, µ&?)5< h.0 30' 4E;8)*'* w'C)2.* ?&A 3L45'/8g+ µ/3&I&##0µ/': ?*@'2'A&.

-)A' h.0 #A;*5+ µ{'/+, 430 3$#*+ 3*6 2009, n ?&C:;:3L+ 3*6 -&'/.@43:µA*5 "C:'g'")8@µ&'()A3:+ Q):;0)@*+ -&.&C2µy+ t./'CEµ@N/ 3L' h'&;?&@03:3&, j3@ r |)C*(*%A& �1/AJ#/@ s+ «u??#:4A& (@*5» ?&A q8@ s+ «u??#:4A& m/)*6 .*#$µ*5» '< (@/%<;/@ 4Lµ/)& 3*5J#<8@43*' 3$44/)/@+ (@*5+: 1) 30' (@*)C0(*%* (@<#*;*, 2) 30' (@&8)@43@&'@?0 (@<#*;*,3) 30' (@&C):4?/@&?0 (@<#*;* ?&A 4) 30' (@&.*#@3@4µ@?0 (@<#*;*, µ$4& 43L' ?*@'2'A& ?&Aµ$ 3L' ?*@'2'A&, µ$4& 430 '$* .*#5.*#@3@4µ@?0 .#&A4@* 3{+ µ/3&J'/23/)@?{+ k.*8{+ µ&+, q8@µ0'* 304* 3{+ /l)2.&`?{+ ~'*.*A:4:+, j4* ?&A ?5)A2+ 3{+ /l)/A&+ .&;?*4µ@*.*A:4:+.4

Fl3$+ 3A+ .358$+ 3*6 h'&;?&A*5 ?&A h(L)@3*5 (@*5, 3A+ n.*o/+ t./'C5µAN/@ n ?&C:;:3L+-&.&C2µy+ s+ .)K3@43* ?&C{?*' 3{+ u??#:4A&+ µ&+ 4Lµ/)&, P8/@ h)8A4/@ ?&A k'3&3@?< (@/J%<;/@ r |)C0(*%*+ "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+ �(: ./)@4403/)* h.0 40 8)0'@& µ$ 3L 45'/);&4A& 3*6H/I&4µ@23<3*5 B:3)*.*#A3*5 ?&A '6' .)K:' ,@4<µ*5 ?&A H/#A'*5 M>):'&A*5 ?&A 3*6 "#/J

2 -)I#. Alexandros Papaderos, Das Volkleben auf Kreta. Einst und noch, Chania 1978.3 -)I#. B/#/3A*5, B:3)*.*#A3*5 T@?*.0#/2+, “! �;@*+ T/?3<)@*+ ?&A r 43<4@+ 3*5 P'&'3@ 3g' &m)$J4/2' ?&A 3g' 48@4µ<32'”, k': H"E#$%$( 31 (2003) 7.4 ")8@µ&'(). Q):;*)A*5 -&.&C2µy, “u??#:4A& k' (@�”, k': WD.:&?X"(, P3*+ 40, h).707,31/12.2009, 26.

39

%<'()*5 -&.&(/)*6, 4$ z'& /p(*+ (:µ@*5);@?{+ «45N5;A&+» µ$ j#/+ 3A+ .&)*µ&)3*64/+ k'J3<4/@+, 8&)$+ ?&A .@?)A/+, h##< µ$ h.*1&4@43@?03:3& ?<32 h.0 30' N5;0 3*6 }(@*5 h)03)*5430' h;)0 3{+ u??#:4A&+ ?&A ?*@'2'A&+ 3*6 30.*5 µ&+. � 45'/);&4A& 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 "?&J(:µA&+ ,)L3:+ µ$ 3*E+ 3*.@?*E+ k??#:4@&43@?*E+, (@*@?:3@?*E+ ?&A .*#@3@?*E+ C/4µ*E+ ?&Aµ$ 3< .'/5µ&3@?< ?&A .&'/.@43:µ@&?< v()Eµ&3& 3*6 O0.*5 µ&+ /p'&@ &l3*'0:3: ?&A (:µ@J*5);@?L, 82)A+ '< >485)AN*µ&@ .*3$, j3@ ($' t.<)8*5' (5'&303:3/+ ?&A k#.A(/+ I/#3A24:+3{+ 45'/);&4A&+ &l3{+. � /lCE': ;@< 3L '/*#&A& 3*6 4Lµ/)&, µ$ 30 BY6/µ?:$%?",&' AG-86$Q?'8=8$( ?&A ;@< 3< C$µ&3& 3{+ (:µ@*5);A&+ ?&A 3g' *>?*#*;@?g' .)*I#:µ<32' µ$ 30 x'J43@3*63* W/*#*;A&+ ?&A =>?*#*;A&+, h.*3/#*6' I&4@?$+ 1)*'3A(/+ 3{+ "?&(:µA&+, *m n.*o/+µ.*)*6' '< I/#3@2C*6' ?&A '< 3/#/@*.*@:C*6'. O0 -)0;)&µµ& 3{+ "?&(:µA&+ A678= 2020,30 n.*o* h.0 30 1990 k?1)<N/@ 30 k'(@&1$)*' q8@ µ0'*' ;@< 30 .&)0', h##< ?&A ;@< 30 µ$#J#*' 3{+ ,)L3:+ 43A+ .*##&.#$+ µ*)1$+ 3{+ )&;(&A&+ k%$#@%:+ ?&A '$&+ .#:C54µ@&?{+ 4E'C/J4:+ 3{+ ?*@'2'A&+ µ&+, µ&)35)/o k.A4:+ ;@< 3< #/;0µ/'&. -)A' h.0 20 8)0'@&, 30 1990, 30.)0;)&µµ& &l30 PI#/./ k)80µ/'/+ ?&3&43<4/@+ ?&A PC/3/ 3*#µ:)< k)23Lµ&3&, j.2+ ..8.:«-04*@ ?&A .*@*A C< ?&3*@?*6' 43L' ,)L3: 30 2020� -*@y+ kC'@?03:3&+ C< /p'&@� -*@<;#K44& C< µ@#*6'� -*@< m43*)@?L 45'/A(:4: C< P8*5', .*@0 �C*+� H$ .*@0 W/0 C< .@43/E*5'...-*@$+ C�'&@ *m µ*)1$+ 45µIA24L+ 3*5+; ?.#..». O< k)23Lµ&3& &l3< ($' /p'&@ .#$*' *l3*.@J43@?<, h##< µ@< 45'/8g+ &l%&'0µ/': ?&A .@$N*54& .)&;µ&3@?03:3&. M}µ&43/ ?&3<##:#&.)*/3*@µ&4µ$'*@�

Mpµ&@ I$I&@*+ ?&A /�8*µ&@ ?<C/ (E'&µ: ?&A 43L)@%:, j3@ r |)C0(*%*+ "?&(:µA&,)L3:+ C< 45'/8A4/@ '< .)&;µ&3*.*@/o 30 P);* 3:+ µ$ P'3&4: ?&A (:µ@*5);@?03:3& .)0+ j#/+3A+ ?&3/5CE'4/@+ ?&A (@&43<4/@+ 3g' 45;8)0'2' ?&A µ/##*'3@?g' .)*?#L4/2' µ$ 30' '$*-)0/()0 3:+, 30' B:3)*.*#A3: ,@4<µ*5 ?&A H/#A'*5 ?E)@*' "µ1@#08@* ?&A µ$ 30' '$* Q/'@?0G@/5C5'3L 3:+ ,2'43&'3o'* ,/'&'A(:.

R$I&@& /p'&@ &l3*'0:3*, j3@ 4Lµ/)& ?&A h.0 3{+ C$4/2+ &l3{+ /p'&@ h(E'&3*' '<4?@&;)&1:C/o, .*#E (/ ./)@4403/)* '< h%@*#*;:C/o 30 P);*' 3*6 3@µ2µ$'*5 43< .#&A4@&3{+ ()<4/2+ ?&A 3{+ /lCE':+ 3*5 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+. Fl30 C< ;A'/@ h);03/)&?&A ?&3&##L#2+. �µ2+, w+ µ*6 k.@3)&.*6' n)@4µ$'/+ .&)&3:)L4/@+ t.*?/@µ/'@?{+ k.@#*;{+h.0 .)*42.@?$+ kµ./@)A/+ µ*5 ?&A ;@< C$µ&3& h)8g' 3{+ |)C*(*%A&+ ?&A 3{+ "?&(:µA&+.1) -*3$ ($' /p'&@ t./)I*#L, k<' 3*'AN/3&@ r µ/;<#: 4:µ&4A& 3*6 (@*5, q8@ (@03@ &l30/p'&@ r I&4@?L h)8L 3{+ µ/C0(*5 3{+ "?&(:µA&+, h##< (@03@ ?&A 43L' k.*8L µ&+ P8*µ/ #:J4µ*'L4/@ 3L' .)&;µ&3@?L *l4A& ?&A 30 ./)@/80µ/'* 3*6 ;'L4@*5 (@*5, ?&A P8/@ h3*'L4/@30 «8<)@4µ& 3*6 (@*5» 430' 4E;8)*'* ?04µ*, 430' n.*o*, .&)< 30 j3@ (@/%<;*'3&@ h)J?/3*A (@<#*;*@, ?5)@&)8/o n µ*'0#*;*+, r 12'&4?A& ?&A r [email protected], j.2+ 3*'AN/@ ?&A n 3@µKµ/J'*+.5 ,&A j3&' t.<)8/@ µ*'0#*;*+ ?&A [email protected], h##< ?&A w;8*+, (@43&;µ0+ ?&A .&)<#54: ;@<h'3A()&4: ?&A wµ5'&, �1/A#/@ r u??#:4A& '< 45µ.&)&43&C/o 43*E+ P8*'3/+ h'<;?: I*:JC/A&+, '< (K4/@ ?&A '< t]K4/@ ;@’ &l3*E+ 3L 12'L 3:+ ?&A '< h'3@43&C/o 43*E+ >485)*E+ ?&A3*E+ (5'<43/+ ?<C/ µ*)1{+, h]:1K'3&+ ?@'(E'*5+ ?&A 45'$./@/+.2) Q'2)AN2, k.A4:+, j3@, j3&' ($' t.<)8/@ (@<#*;*+, (:µ@*5);*6'3&@ .&)/%:;L4/@+ ?&A .)*J

5 Alexandros Papaderos, “Leben aus der Kraft des Heiligen Geistes in der säkularen Welt”, in: OrthodoNxes Forum 5 (1991)37.

40

?&3&#L]/@+ µ$ (54<)/43/+ ?&A �(5':)$+ 45'$./@/+ 43A+ µ@?)$+ ?&A µ/;<#/+ ?*@'2'A/+. -.8.?&3< 30 µ&?)E 8)*'@?0 (@<43:µ& 3{+ h.*%/'K4/2+ ?&A h.*µ*'K4/2+ 3g' (E* ?04µ2', "'&J3*#{+ ?&A GE4/2+, h##< ?&A 3g' u??#:4@g' µ&+, 3L' k.*8L .&#&@*3$)2' 4?*3/@'g' 8)0'2'?&85.*]A&+, 4@2.{+ ?&A .*#/µ@?{+, 43&C/)*.*@LC:?/ ?&A µ/;<#24/ 30 48A4µ& ?&A 45442J)/E3:?&' .<µ.*##/+ h)':3@?$+ .)*?&3&#L]/@+ ~?&3$)2C/', *m n.*o/+ ?)&3*64&' ?&A k' .*#J#*o+ ?)&3*6' h?0µ: 30' ()0µ* 3{+ ?&3&##&;{+ ?&A ~'03:3&+ ?#/@430 ?&A (E4I&3*, h?)@Ig+(@03@ /p8&' ?&A *m u??#:4A/+ µ&+ #:4µ*'L4/@ '< h4?*6' 30' ;'L4@* ?&A />#@?)@'L (@<#*;*.B$ 3A+ 45'&'3L4/@+ ?&A 3< (@<1*)& 45'$()@& 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+, µ$ 3L'w4?:4: 3*6 8&)A4µ&3*+ 3*6 ;'L4@*5 (@*5, PI#/.&, q8@ 4.<'@&, '< (:µ@*5);*6'3&@ '$/+.)*f.*C$4/@+ ;@< 3L' ?&3&##&;L 3g' u??#:4@g', '< ?&3&))$*5' *m .)*?&3&#L]/@+ s+ 8<)J3@'* *>?*(0µ:µ& ?&A '< (A(*5' 43L C$4: 32' µ@< '$&, 3L' .)&;µ&3@?L />?0'& 3{+ |)C*(*%A&+µ&+, µ@y+ «[K4:+ |)C*(*%A&+», j.2+ 8&)&?3:)AN/3&@ ?&A z'& µ&?)*8)0'@* k.@358:µ$'* .)0J;)&µµ& 3{+ "?&(:µA&+.Fl30 30 (@&#*;@?0 .)0;)&µµ& (@/5?)@'AN/@ ?&A h.*?&C@43y .&)/%:;L4/@+ ?&A 45µI<##/@43L' />)L'/54: ?&A 3g' u??#:4@g'. ,&A 45µI&A'/@, j.2+ h?)@Ig+ 30'@N/ ?&A n �;@*+ By)?*+n Ml;/'@?0+, ;@< 3L' h'&;?&@03:3& 3g' *>?*5µ/'@?g' (@2': «�3/ (@A43&'3&A 3@'/+ h#J#L#2' ?&A *l 82)*64@ .)0+ #0;*5+, (*?/o µ/AN2' /p'&@ ?&A r µ/3&%E 3*E32' (@&1*)<e j3/ (’/>+ #0;*5+ 45'$#C24@ ?&A ~?<3/)*' µ$)*+ '*5'/8g+ h?)*<4:3&@ 3< .&)’ ~?&3$)*5 #/;0µ/'&,/t)A4?/3&@ .*##<?@+ �#A;: r 3*E32' (@&1*)<».6

3) ")':3@?$+ [email protected]/@+ 43L' ?&C0#*5 k%$#@%: 3*6 \)@43@&'@4µ*6 ?&A 43L' k.A()&4L 3*5;@< 3L' h'3@µ/3K.@4: 3g' 45;?/?)@µ$'2' .)*I#:µ<32' 3g' h'C)K.2' 43L' Ml)K.: /p8/?&A r µ*'0.#/5): (53@?*?/'3)@?L P?1)&4: 3*6 8)@43@&'@?*6 µ:'Eµ&3*+, /}3/ µ0'* µ$ 3L )2Jµ&@*?&C*#@?L 3:+ µ*)1L, /}3/ µ0'* µ$ 3L' /l&;;/#@?L, .)*3/43&'3@?L 3:+ ~)µ:'/A&, /}3/ ?&Aµ$ 3L' )2µ&@*?&C*#@?L ?&A /l&;;/#@?L 3:+ 4E;?#@4:, .&)< 3A+ k'3&3@?$+ 32' .)*4.<C/@/+.".*54A&N/' jµ2+ &>4C:3< r (5'&µ@?L ?&A t.&)%@&?L µ*)1L 3{+ h'&3*#@?{+ �)C*(0%*5 I@KJ4/2+ 3*6 h'3A43*@8*5 (:#&(L 8)@43@&'@?*6 µ:'Eµ&3*+, 82)A+ '< C$#2 '< kC/#*351#g ?&A'< >485)AN*µ&@, j3@ ?&A 43< ?&C’ rµy+ 30 �)C0(*%* IA2µ& /p'&@ .<'3& ?&A .&'3*6 h.0#53&;'L4@* ?&A .#{)/+. �µ2+, µ$ 3L 45'/8g+ &l%&'0µ/': .&)*54A& ?&A 3*6 �)C*(0%*5 I@Kµ&3*+43L GE4: kµ.#*53A4C:?/ q8@ µ0'*' r (@&3E.24:, h##< ?&A r 4E'C/4: 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ h#LJC/@&+, .)y;µ& 30 n.*o* .)&;µ&3*.*@LC:?/ ?&A µ$ 3L' h'&;?&A& ?&A 8)L4@µ: *>?*5µ/'@?L45'/);&4A& 3g' 8)@43@&'@?g' u??#:4@g'. � 45µI*#L 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 "?&(:µA&+ 430 C$µ&&l30 t.{)%/ P'3*': ?&A /p'&@ (@/C'g+ ;'243L. -*##$+ 1*)$+ I)$C:?& ?&A .)*42.@?< 43L'/l8<)@43: C$4: '< I#$.2 nµ<(/+ ?&A µ$#: G53@?g' u??#:4@g' '< k?1)<N*5' µ/;<#: m?&J'*.*A:4: (@03@ ;'K)@N&' ?&A N*64&' ;@< .)K3: 1*)< ?&A 3L' �)C0(*%: (@<43&4: 3*6 8)@J43@&'@?*6 µ:'Eµ&3*+ µ/3< h.0 .&)&µ*'L µ@y+ µ0'* ~I(*µ<(*+ 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA&,)L3:+. OA+ kµ./@)A/+ 32' &l3$+ µ/3$1/)&' ?&A µ/3&1$)*5' kµ.#*53@4µ$'*@ .#$*' ?&A 43A+u??#:4A/+ 32', s+ '$*@ m/)&.043*#*@ ?&A .)$4I/@+ 3{+ u??#:4A&+ µ&+.

6 H5#I$43)*5 H5)*.*E#*5, ZD$µ-=µ$-?*µ,8,, V, 28, k?(. t.0 V. Laurent, Les „memoires“ du GrandEcclesiastique de l’ Église de Constantinople. Sylvestre Syropoulos sur le concile de Florence (1438J1439) Vol. IX [Concilium Florentinum Documenta et Scriptores. Editum Consilio et Impensis PontificiiInstituti Orientalium Studiorum. Series B], Rom 1971, 282.

41

4) � |)C*(*%A& h'3@µ/32.AN/@ ?&A �1/A#/@, w' ($' 30 ?<'/@ j4* .)$./@, '< h'3@µ/32.AN/@(@&8)*'@?< ?&A 3< ~?<43*3/ '$& .)*I#Lµ&3& 3{+ 45;8)0'*5 ?*@'2'A&+, (@&#/;*µ$': w1*I&µ$ 3*E+ h'C)K.*5+ 82)A+ ?&µµA& (@<?)@4:, «D6':/D$- D6'( D6':/D$-»,7 4Eµ12'& µ$ 3A+I&4@?$+ h)8$+ 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ µ&+ .A43/2+, j3@ j#*@ *m h'C)2.*@ h'/%&@)$32+ 1$)*5' 3L'/>?0'& 3*6 W/*6 ?&A /p'&@ >403@µ& µ$#: 3{+ ?*@'2'A&+, h'/%&)3L32+ .)*/#/E4/2+, 8)Kµ&3*+,1E#*5, C):4?/A&+, ;#K44&+, PC'*5+ � ?&A ?*@'2'@?{+ ?&A .*#@3@?{+ 3<%/2+. "?)@Ig+ *m I&J4@?$+ &l3$+ h)8$+ 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 u??#:4A&+, *m n.*o/+ (@&35.KC:?&' ?&A 43L' -&'*)C0J(*%: G@<4?/]: 3{+ Q/'/E:+ 30 1986, h.*3/#*6' h'$?&C/' ?&A 3L' �)C0(*%: I<4: 3*6 P);*5?&A 3g' ()&43:)@*3L32' 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 "?&(:µA&+ ,)L3:+, r n.*A& .)*4.<C:4/ ?&A.)*4.&C/o '< ?&#E]/@ 3*E+ 3*µ/o+ &l3*E+. -)<;µ&3@, 3< .)*;)<µµ&3& 3{+ "?&(:µA&+ ./)@J#&µI<'*5' j#& 3< .)*I#Lµ&3& 3g' h'C)K.2' 82)A+ (@&?)A4/@+ ?&A µ/)*#:]A&. Fl3$+ .)$./@'< /p'&@ ?&A *m h)8$+ 4Lµ/)& ;@< 3L' h'3@µ/3K.@4: ?&A 3g' '$2' .)*?#L4/2' 43L 45'/8g+µ/3&I&##*µ$': ?*@'2'A& .*E N*6µ/, µ$ 3*E+ '$*5+ ;/A3*'$+ µ&+, µ$ 3*E+ '$*5+ 45µ.&3)@g3/+µ&+, µ$ 3*E+ '$*5+ *>?*;/'/@&?*E+ 45;;/'/o+ µ&+ ?&A #0;� 3g' µ@?3g' ;<µ2'. -*##*A h##*J(&.*A h.0 3A+ /l)2.&`?$+ 8g)/+ ;A'*'3&@, I<4/@ ?&A 3{+ /l)2.&`?{+ '*µ*C/4A&+, rµ/(&.*A.=m w##*@, *m z3/)*@, ;A'*'3&@ rµ$3/)*@ ?&A *>?/o*@, *m z3/)*@ ;A'*'3&@ 45'/8g+ ?&A ./)@4403/)**m ~3&o)*@ µ&+ ?&A *m 45'/3&o)*@ µ&+, /}3/ 30 C$#*5µ/, /}3/ ($' 30 C$#*5µ/. Fl3L /p'&@ r 45'/J8g+ &l%&'0µ/': .)&;µ&3@?03:3& ;E)2 µ&+. G$' h;'*g 3< .*##< '$& .)*I#Lµ&3& .*E q'32+t.<)8*5', jµ2+ r %/'*'*1*IA& ?&A r µ@4&##*(*%A& ($' I*:C*6' ?&'$'& ?&A ($' #E'*5' ?&J'$'& .)0I#:µ&! �.*µ$'2+, n Pµ.)&?3*+ 4/I&4µ0+, r h##:#*/?3Aµ:4: ?&A n />#@?)@'L+ (@<J#*;*+ C< I*:CL4*5' '< #E42µ/ 3< '$& (E4?*#& .)*I#Lµ&3& ?&A 3A+ '$/+ h'&.01/5?3/+.)*?#L4/@+. � 12'L 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 "?&(:µA&+, 12'L 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 u??#:4A&+ 430 ~?<J43*3/ 45;?/?)@µ$'* .&)0' /p'&@ (5'&3L ?&A 4/I&43L.5) ,&A k./@(L ($' /p'&@ .<'3& /�?*#: r .)*4$#/54: %$'2' 43L 8K)& µ&+ ?&A 43L' u??#:4A&µ&+, ?&#*6' &l3*A 458'< �)C*(0%*5+ C/*#0;*5+ 43< µ$): 32', ;@< '< (@&#/8C*6' ?&A '< k?JC$4*5' 3L' �)C0(*%: (@(&4?&#A& 4$ -&'/.@43Lµ@& ?&A w##& .'/5µ&3@?< ?&A k.@µ*)123@?<v()Eµ&3&, 4$ H5'$()@& ?&A 45µ.04@& � ?&A ;@< 45'/);&4A& 4$ k.@43:µ*'@?$+ k?(04/@+. B/J3&%E &l3g' 45;?&3&#$;/3&@ ?&A n h.0 k3g' ;'2430+ .#$*' Q/'. G@/5C5'3L+ 3{+ |)C*(0%*5"?&(:µA&+. O*63* 45'$I: ?&A 43L W/*#*;@?L H8*#L 3*6 -&'/.@43:µA*5 3*6 Q?)<3+ 3{+ FlJ43)A&+, j.*5 (A(&%& .<'2 h.0 40 8)0'@& |)C0(*%: W/*#*;A& ?&A ?&3’ k.&'<#:]: (@*);<J'2'& ?&A 45'/8AN2 '< 30 ?<'2, 45'$()@& 3{+ H8*#{+ µ&+ 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+h.0 30 1971. ".0 3L H8*#L µ&+ 430 -&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*6 Q?)<3+ P8/@ ?#:C/o ?&3’ k.&'<#:]:?&A n Q/'. G@/5C5'3L+ 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 "?&(:µA&+ ;@< '< #<I/@ µ$)*+ 4$ (@<1*)& 45µ.04@&?&A 45'$()@&. V0;� 3{+ .#*E4@&+ ?&A k'3&3@?{+ 45'/);&4A&+ µ&+ µ/3&%E ,)L3:+ ?&A Q?)<3+P8/@ k?(K4/@ r W/*#*;@?L H8*#L 3*6 Q?)<3+ ?&A O@µ:3@?0 O0µ* ;@< 30' "#$%&'()* -&.&(/)030 1992. -&)/.@µ.30'32+ h'&1$)2, j3@ 43L W/*#*;@?L µ&+ H8*#L 3*6 Q?)<3+, h?)@Ig+ #0;23{+ 43/'{+ 45'/);&4A&+ µ$ 3L' |)C*(*%A&, h'&;*)/EC:?/ 30' x*E'@* 3*6 2004 r Fl3*6 W.-&'&;@03:+ n =>?*5µ/'@?0+ -&3)@<)8:+ ?E)@*+ R&)C*#*µ&o*+ k.A3@µ*+ G@(<?32) 3*6 k?/o-&'/.@43:µA*5.

7 -)0;)&µµ& V0;*5 ?&A O$8':+ 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& �(: h.0 3A+ h)8$+ 3{+ (/?&/3A&+ 3*6 ’80.

42

6) -#*E4@& /p'&@ r �)C0(*%: I@I#@*;)&1A& 4$ (53@?$+ (:µ*4@/E4/@+ ?&A k?(04/@+ ?&A kµ1&'L3< h.*3/#$4µ&3& ?&A *m �)C0(*%/+ k.@()<4/@+ 43L (53@?L 4?$]:. =m k.@()<4/@+ &53$+ /}3/3L 45µ.#:)K'*5' ?&A 3L' kµ.#*53AN*5', /}3/ h?0µ: ?&A (@*)CK'*5' µ*'0.#/5)/+ ?&A k##/@J./o+ (@&35.K4/@+ 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ (@(&4?&#A&+. B@< h'3@?/@µ/'@?L P)/5'& ;@< 3L' k.A()&4:&l3L C< /p'&@ .*#E 8)L4@µ:.�+ z'& .&)<(/@;µ& µ/3&%E 3g' .*##g' µ.*)g '< h'&1$)2 3L' ?*@'L P?(*4: ~'0+ 4:µ&'3@J?*6 45;;)<µµ&3*+ 43L' Fl43)A&, 30 n.*o* t./)I&A'/@ 3< 43/'< j)@& 3{+ )2µ&@*?&C*#@?{+?&A /l&;;/#@?{+ k?1)<4/2+ ?&A 30 n.*o* (@&35.K'/@ .#$*' 3L' 3)@.#L (@<43&4: 3g' µ/;<J#2' .&)&(04/2', 3{+ )2µ&@*?&C*#@?{+, 3{+ /l&;;/#@?{+, h##< ?&A 3{+ �)C*(0%*5 4$ I&4@?<C$µ&3& 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ .A43/2+ ?&A N2{+. O0 4E;;)&µµ& 3@3#*1*)/o3&@: «0799L5HAPI "T?A9<µ4MHAÎ &9HMKMHAÎ aCHAÎ. !E A>CÂ9M 5bM VAAD8BHbM B5JM 4c7N5478 -c7=L8»?&AP8/@ 45;;)&1/o ?&A k?(*C/o h.0 ?*@'*6 h.0 3L )2µ&@*?&C*#@?L ?&C:;L3)@& 3*6 -&'/.@J43:µA*5 3{+ R@$'':+ Ingeborg Gabriel, h.0 30' "#$%&'()* -&.&(/)0 ?&A h.0 30' /l&;;/#@?0?&C:;:3L 3*6 -&'/.@43:µA*5 3{+ R@$'':+ Ulrich Körtner.8

7) � .)*4.<C/@& &l3L .&)*54@<N/@ ;@< µ@< h?0µ: 1*)< 430 '$* /l)2.&`?0 ;A;'/4C&@ 3L(5'&303:3&, h##< ?&A 3A+ 45;?/?)@µ$'/+ .)*3<4/@+ 3g' 8)@43@&'@?g' u??#:4@g', 45µ./)@J#&µI&'*µ$':+ .#$*' 45'/8g+ ?&A ./)@4403/)*' ?&A 3{+ |)C*(0%*5, r n.*A& 45'(@&#$;/3&@/lC&)4g+ µ$ &l3$+, ;@< 3L (:µ@*5);A& 3{+ '$&+ Ml)K.:+ µ$ 8)@43@&'@?$+ h)8$+ ;@< �)µ*'@?L?&A />):'@?L 45µIA24: 3g' #&g' ?&A ;@< 4/I&4µ0 3{+ h%@*.)$./@&+ 3*6 h'C)2.A'*5 .)*J4K.*5. ,&A k(g h?)@Ig+ P8/@ (@&.@432C/o j3@ j#/+ *m u??#:4A/+ µ&NA P8*5' µ/;&#E3/)* ?6)*+?&A (E'&µ:, ;@< '< h'3@µ/32.A4/@ n 8)@43@&'@4µ0+ µ$ µ@< 12'L j#& &l3< 3< 45;?/?)@µ$'&.)*I#Lµ&3& 3{+ 4E;8)*':+ ?*@'2'A&+. � 45µI*#L 3{+ |)C*(*%A&+ µ$ 3L' .'/5µ&3@?03:3<3:+ ?&A µ$ 3L' h'C)2.*#*;A& 3:+ µ.*)/o '< /p'&@ ?&C*)@43@?L. � |)C*(*%A& (@&#/;*µ$':?&A 45'/);&N*µ$': µ$4& 43L 4E;8)*': ?*@'2'A& P8/@ 3L (5'&303:3& ?&A 30 8)$*+ '< µ&)35J)L4/@ ?&A '< t./'C5µA4/@ h%@0.@43& 3L' .&)*(@?03:3& 3g' k.@;/A2' ?&A j3@ 430 .)*4?L'@*.)$./@ '< I)A4?/3&@ n w'C)2.*+ s+ w'C)2.*+ µ$ 3L' h'&1&A)/3: h%@*.)$./@< 3*5. B$ I<4:3L' h)8L &l3L /p'&@ (5'&30' '< t./'C5µAN/3&@ j3@ r .*#@3@?L ($' .)$./@ '< t.:)/3/o µ0'*3< .*@?A#& 45µ1$)*'3& ?&A ?5)A2+ 3L' *>?*'*µA& ?&A '< µ/@K'/3&@ � '< k%&1&'AN/3&@ r ?*@J'2'@?L (@<43&4:, j.2+ N*6µ/ 4Lµ/)& �(5':)< 4$ .*##$+ ./)@.3K4/@+. Mp'&@ /l3E8:µ& j3@t.<)8*5' ?&A 123/@'$+ k%&@)$4/@+ ?&A (/A;µ&3& ./)@4?$]/2+ ?&A h'&.)*4&'&3*#@4µ*6. G$'.)$./@, k.A4:+, '< h;'**6µ/ j3@ ?&A r *>?*'*µA& P8/@ 3<4/@+ '< 8<'/@ 3L' h)8@?L 3:+ 4:µ&4A&?&A 30' .)23&)8@?0 3:+ 4?*.0, (:#. 3L (A?&@: ?&3&'*µL 3g' h;&Cg' (r k35µ*#*;@?L .)*J$#/54: 3{+ #$%:+ h.0 30 $[&$( ?&A -Gµ/), ?&A '< k?15#AN/3&@ 4$ z'& ({C/' k.@358:µ$'* ?E)@*4?*.0 3:+, (:#. µ0'* 43L' &�%:4: 3*6 ?$)(*5+ ?&A 3*6 ?/1&#&A*5 3g' �#A;2'. =�3/ k.@3)$J./3&@ ;@< 3L' k.A3/5%: &l3L 3*6 µ*'0.#/5)*5 4?*.*6 3{+ *m?*'*µA&+ '< h;'*/o3&@ � '< k?Jµ/3&##/E/3&@ � ?&A '< ?&3&.&3/o3&@ 45'/@(:3< r h%@*.)$./@& 3*6 h'C)2.A'*5 .)*4K.*5,r h'C)2.@<, r (@?&@*4E':, r h##:#/;;E:, r />)L':, r k#/5C/)A&, r h(/#103:+ ?&A r h;<.:µ/3&%E 3g' h'C)K.2' ?&A 3g' #&g', h)8$+ ?&A h%A/+ ;@< 3A+ n.*o/+ h;2'AN/3&@ r |)C*(*%A&,

8 Ingeborg Gabriel, Alexandros Papaderos, Ulrich H. J. Körtner, Perspektiven ökumenischer Sozialethik. DerAuftrag der Kirchen im größeren Europa, Matthias J Grünewald J Verlag. Mainz 2005, 2. Aufl. 2006.

43

s+ (:#K'/@ h'/.@1E#&?3& ?&A 30 ?/Aµ/'* .*E h'&1$)&µ/ .)*:;*5µ$'2+, 3{+ -&'*)C*(0%*5G@&4?$]/2+ 3{+ Q/'/E:+ 30 1986.9

Fl3L /p'&@ r Ng4& |)C*(*%A&, .)0+ 3L' n.*A& .*)/E/3&@ ?&A 3L' n.*A& C$#/@ '< .)*I<##/@?&A r |)C0(*%*+ "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+ 43L' t.:)/4A& 3{+ u??#:4A&+ ?&A 3{+ ?*@'2'A&+ 3{+,)L3:+ ?&A ;/'@?K3/)& 43L (E4?*#: 45;?5)A& 3g' ?&@)g' µ&+. �8*µ/ h'<;?: �<4/2' ?&Ak);&43:)A2' k'&##&?3@?g' .)*4.&C/@g'. Mpµ&@ ($ I$I&@*+, j3@ k<' C$#*5µ/ ?&A µ.*)*6µ/'< h'3@µ/32.A4*5µ/ ?&A 3L 4:µ/)@'L ?)A4:, .)$./@ '< .&)&(/8C*6µ/ j3@ r ?)A4: &l3L ($'/p'&@ µ0'* *>?*'*µ@?L � ?&A .*#@3@?L, h##< .)K3@43& ?)A4: h)8g' ?&A h%@g', *m n.*o/+h;'**6'3&@ ?&A .&)&µ/)AN*'3&@!B$ 3L (@&.A4324: &l3L, C/2)g /l358$+ 30 ;/;*'0+ j3@ r B:3)0.*#@+ ,@4<µ*5 ?&A H/#A'*5µ$ 30' B:3)*.*#A3: ?E)@* "µ1@#08@*, -)0/()*' 3*6 H5µI*5#A*5 3{+ "?&(:µA&+, r HE'*(*+3{+ u??#:4A&+ ,)L3:+ µ$ 30' "'3@.)042.0 3:+ 430 H5µI*E#@* 3{+ "?&(:µA&+, 30' H/I&J4µ@K3&3* B:3)*.*#A3: ,5(2'A&+ ?&A ".*?*)K'*5 ?E)@* G&µ&4?:'0 ?&A r 4:µ/)@'L 4:Jµ&'3@?L .&)*54A& 3*6 H/I&4µ@23<3*5 ")8@/.@4?0.*5 ,)L3:+ ?5)A*5 M>):'&A*5, .&#&@*6?&A 43/'*6 45'/);<3*5 3{+ "?&(:µA&+, k.@I/I&@K'*5' 30 hµ$)@43*' k'(@&1$)*' ?&A 3L'h'&;'K)@4: ?&A (@&8)*'@?L 43L)@%: 3{+ u??#:4A&+ 430 .*#E.#/5)* P);* 3{+ "?&(:µA&+.-/.*AC:4: ?&A /l8L µ&+.".0 ?&)(A&+ k?1)<N2, 3$#*+, 3< 45;8&):3L)@< µ*5 430' 3@µKµ/'* "#$%&'()* -&.&(/)0,?&A /�8*µ&@ t;/A& ?&A (E'&µ: 43L N2L 3*5, µ&NA µ$ 3L' h;&.:3L, 3L' .)*4:'L ?&A t.*µ*'/J3@?L 4EN5;0 3*5, 3< .&@(@< ?&A 3< k;;0'@& 3*5.

9 -)I#. Ingeborg Gabriel, Alexandros Papaderos, Ulrich H. J. Körtner, Perspektiven ökumenischerSozialethik, 92 ~%.

44

'7. 24=7FH9I !BP5B8I). 07K59L74B:N5479I 59W "TA9<µ4MHA9W 0>57H>7S4;9<

RDPQ>MG79I K. 0>L>G47EI)H6 YM9SD85HAJ «XD9FEµ<F>» B5J GH>A9M;> 59W "TA9<µ4MH?A9W 0>57H>7S4;9< A>; 5^I "TA9<µPM8I

u' P3/@ 1981, 30 -&;?04µ@* H5µI*E#@* u??#:4@g' (-HM) /p8/ .)*I/o43L' P?(*4: ~'0+ ?*µ]*6 30µ*5, t.0 30' 3A3#* Voices of Unity («U2'$+ �'03:3*+»)10 , .)*J?/@µ$'*5 j.2+ 3@µ:C/o, µ$ 3L' /l?&@)A& 3g' �;(*:?*43g' ;/'/C#A2' 3*5, n µ&?&)@430+ WilJlem Adolf Visser ‘t Hooft, n k.@1&'L+ &l30+ .)23*.0)*+ 3{+ 4E;8)*':+ =>?*5µ/'@?{+,@'L4/2+ ?&A k.A 3)@&?*'3&/3A& j#: Q/'@?0+ Q)&µµ&3/E+ ?&A kµ]5823L+ 3*6 C/4µ@?*6 �)J;<'*5 3{+ ,@'L42+ &l3{+, 3*53$43@ 3*6 -HM. B/3&%E 3g' ($?& 45'/);&3g' 3*6 45##*;@?*6&l3*6 O0µ*5, t.{)8/ ?&A z'&+ |)C0(*%*+. ! k.@43LC@*+ 1A#*+, h(/#10+ ?&A 45'*(*@.0)*+G). "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+, .*E 3@µy3&@ h.0]/ h.0 30' U@#*#*;@?0 HE##*;* \&'A2' «!\bYH=HO=B=H» ;@< 3L' .*#5(@<43&3: ?&A h'/?3Aµ:3: .)*41*)< 3*5 .)0+ 30 =>?*5µ/J'@?0 -&3)@&)8/o*, 3L' u??#:4A& ?&A 30' #&0 3{+ ,)L3:+, .)0+ 30 Q$'*+ 3g' �##L'2', .)0+3< ~##:'@?< ;)<µµ&3& ?&A ;/'@?< 3L' 8)@43@&'@?L *>?*5µ$':.

H3L' k'(@&1$)*54& ?&A 3*#µ:)L .)&;µ&3/A& 3*5 .*E (:µ*4@/503&' 430' k' #0;�30µ*, 3@3#*1*)*Eµ/': «� ‘h#*;0µ5;&’ 430 k(K#@*», n "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+, .&)&.$µJ.*'3&+ 430' .&)&I*#@?0 #0;* 3*6 -#<32'&, .*E 1$)/@ 30' H2?)<3: '< C/2)/o ~&530' «h#*J;0µ5;&», 3&;µ$': h.0 30' C/0 '< /p'&@ ?*##:µ$': (@&)?g+ 43L' .0#: 3g' "C:'g' ?&A '<h15.'AN/@, '< k)/CAN/@ ?&A '< ./AC/@ 30' ?<C/ "C:'&o*,11 8&)&?3L)@N/ 30' Visser ‘t Hooft s+3L' .@0 �8#:)L «h#*;0µ5;&» 3{+ .&;?04µ@&+ \)@43@&'*4E':+ ?&3< 30' />?*430 &>g'&! B@<«h#*;0µ5;&» 43&#µ$': ?&A &l3L h.0 30' W/0, ;@< '< 3)&'3<N/@, '< h15.'AN/@, ?&A '< ./@J)<N/@ 3*E+ 8)@43@&'*E+ 3{+ 4E;8)*':+ k.*8{+. ,&A ($' /p8/ w(@?*! G@03@, .)<;µ&3@, n 8&)@4µ&3@?0+ &l30+ !##&'(0+ C/*#0;*+ ?&A (@&'*J*Eµ/'*+, µ$ 30' n.*o* /p8& 30 .)*'0µ@* '< 45'/);&4Cg 43L Q/'/E: 43A+ h)8$+ 3{+ u??#:J4@&43@?{+ µ*5 43&(@*()*µA&+ ./)A 3< µ$4& 3{+ (/?&/3A&+ 3*6 Z60, *l($.*3/ /p8/ .&E4/@ '<.)*?&#/o 3A+ u??#:4A/+ µ$ 30' 8&)@32µ$'* 3*5 #0;* ?&A 3< ./@43@?< k.@8/@)Lµ&3< 3*5, ?&A'< 3A+ .)*4?&#/o j.2+, k%/)80µ/'/+ h.0 3< nµ*#*;@&?< 3*5+ 43/;&'<, 43)&3/5C*6' h.0?*@'*6 430' C/*1@#{ h;g'& 3{+ .)*2CL4/2+ 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ ~'03:3*+.12

G$' C< �3&' t./)I*#L, jµ2+, w' (@/3/A'/3* ?&'/A+ j3@ ?&A n 1A#*+ "#$%&'()*+ -&J.&(/)0+, ?&3< 3L 4&)&'3<8)*': ./)A.*5 k'/);0 45µµ/3*8L 3*5 43< (@&8)@43@&'@?g+ ()KJ

10Ans J.van der Bent (ed), Voices of UnityNEssays in honour of Willem Adolf Visser ‘t Hooft, WCC, GeJneva, 1981. 11-#<32'*+ ZD$#$%.,, 18.12 "#/%<'()*5 -&.&(/)*6, 0\&$@µ?-:µ'(: A#7:= &,. 56'&#=:=, d?(. |)C*(0%*5 "?&(:µA&+ ,)LJ3:+, Q2'@<J\&'A2' 1984, 4/#.17 (430 ~%L+ 0\&$@µ?-":µ'().

45

µ/'&, 304* 43< .#&A4@& 3*6 H5µI*5#A*5 Ml)2.&`?g' u??#:4@g' (,M,), j4* ?&A 4$ k?/o'&3*6 -HM, t.{)%/ µ@< «h#*;0µ5;&», z'&+ «*p43)*+», z'&+ «µE2]», j.2+ h.*?&#/o n -#<32'30 P'3*µ* &l30. ! -&.&(/)0+ t.{)%/, .)<;µ&3@, r |)C0(*%: k?/A': «h#*;0µ5;&», r n.*A&,(@/)µ:'/E*'3&+ µ$ #0;*5+ ./@43@?*E+ 30 ./)A 8)@43@&'@?{+ ?&3&##&;{+ ?&A ~'03:3*+ j)&µ&3*6 =>?*5µ/'@?*6 -&3)@&)8/A*5, k)$C@N/, ?$'3)@N/ ?&A ./A)&N/ j4*5+ h48*#*6'3&' µ$ 3L4E;8)*': (@&8)@43@&'@?L .)*I#:µ&3@?L, />(@?K3/)& ($ µ$ 3< ?&A)@& N:3Lµ&3& 3{+ 8)@43@&J'@?{+ ~'03:3*+ ?&A 3{+ ?*@'2'@?{+ (@?&@*4E':+. ,&A ?$'3)@N/ n h(/#10+ "#$%&'()*+ .)0+ (E* ?&3/5CE'4/@+. B@< .)0+ 3L' ?&3/EC5'4: 3g'u??#:4@g' ?&A !µ*#*;@g' k?/A'2' 3{+ GE4/2+ .*E �3&' k'/);< µ$#: 3g' h'23$)2 G@&8)@J43@&'@?g' |);&'@4µg', t./'C5µAN*'3&+ 4Z&l3$+ .K+ r |)C*(*%A& ($' /p'&@ n «13280+ h(/#J10+» 3{+ =>?*5µ/'@?{+ ,@'L4/2+, *�3/ ?<.*@* %$'* 4gµ& µ$4& 43< C/4µ@?< q);&'< 3:+,h##< .#{)/+ µ$#*+, µ<#@43& ($ ?&A kµ.'/543L+ 3{+ ,@'L4/2+ &l3{+. ,&A /p8/ (A?&@*. G@03@?&CK+ (L#2'/ 30 1967 �(: n .)*&'&1/)C/A+ Visser ’t Hooft, k.’ /l?&@)A� 3{+ k.@4?$]/2+ 3*6=>?*5µ/'@?*6 -&3)@<)8*5 "C:'&;0)& 43L' k' Q/'/E� z()& 3*6 -HM, r -)K3: 3{+ |)C*J(*%A&+ ,&C$()&, «r u??#:4A& ,2'43&'3@'*5.0#/2+ �3&' k?/A': .*E µ$ 3L' u;?E?#@* 3*61920 /p8/ k%&;;/A#/@ 3L 4E'&%: 3g' 8)@43@&'g', ?&A .*E t.{)%/ r .)K3: 43L '/K3/): m43*J)A& 430 '< t.*µ'L4/@ j3@ r 8)@43@&'*4E': C< �3&' h./@CL+ 430 C$#:µ& 3*6 (@(&4?<#*5 ?&AH23{)*+ 3:+, w' ($' k.@N:3*64/ '< (/A%/@ 430' ?04µ* 3L' ~'03:3& 3*6 #&*6 3*6 W/*6».13

�4304*, n h(/#10+ "#$%&'()*+ ?$'3)@N/ ?&A .)0+ "'&3*#<+. -)0+ 3L' (@?L µ&+ ?&J3/EC5'4:. ,5)A2+ ($ .)0+ 3L' ?&3/EC5'4: 3g' �)C*(0%2' k??#:4@&43@?g' ?&A .&)&J/??#:J4@&43@?g' k?/A'2' ?E?#2', .*E µ$ .<C*+ h'3@()*64&' q8@ µ0'* 43A+ (@<1*)/+ ~'23@?$+ ?&A?*@'2'@?*.*#@3@?$+ .)23*I*5#A/+ 3*6 ,M, � 3*6 -HM, h##< ?&A 43A+ 45'&1/o+ .)23*I*5#A/+?&A 3*.*C/3L4/@+ 3g' ?&3< 30.*5+ |)C*(0%2' Fl3*?/1<#2' u??#:4@g', h)8{+ ;/'*µ$':+h.0 30 =>?*5µ/'@?0 -&3)@&)8/o*. W/2)g'3&+ .K+ �3&' .#$*' ?&@)0+ r |)C*(*%A& '<«(K4/@ k' ~'A 430µ&3@ µ@< h.<'3:4: 43L' ?*@'2'@?*.*#@3@?L .)0?#:4: 304* 3{+ =>?*5µ/J'@?{+ ,A':4:+ j4* ?&A 3{+ 4E;8)*':+ .&;?04µ@&+ ?&3<43&4:+»14 µ$ I<4: 30 �)C0(*%* �C*+?&A 3L' >(@<N*54& ?*4µ*&'3A#:]L 3:+, n "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+ µ$ µ*'*;)&1A/+, w)C)&,nµ@#A/+ ?&A .&)/µI<4/@+ 3*5 4$ (@/C'{ 10)& ?&A 4$ (@&8)@43@&'@?$+ 45'/#/E4/@+, 3<)&44/(@&)?g+ 3< #@µ'<N*'3& �(&3&, .)*I<##*'3&+ ):%@?$#/5C/+ C$4/@+ ?&A .)*3<4/@+, .)23<?*5J43/+ />+ �3& �)C*(0%2'!! Q@Z&l30, }42+, ;@'03&' ?<.*3/ 4308*+ k.@?)A4/2' k? µ$)*5+ µ/)@?g'k??#:4@&43@?g' ?&A h?&(:µ&`?g' ?E?#2' 3*6 /l)E3/)*5 8K)*5 µ&+.

-/)@330 '< />.2C/o .K+ k'/);*64/ µ$ 30' }(@* .)23*.*)@&?0 3)0.* ?&A µ$4& 43<.#&A4@& 3g' h./@)<)@Cµ2' C/*#*;@?{+, ?*@'2'@?{+, k.@43:µ*'@?{+ ?&A .*#@3@4µ@?{+ t1{+ 3*J.@?g' k.@µ*)123@?g' rµ/)A(2' ?&A 45'<%/2' � (@/C'g' 45'/()A2', .*E 45;?&#*6'3&'?&3< 3&?3< (@&43Lµ&3& 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+, «30 ?*)51&o*' 3*63* .'/5µ&J3@?0' �()5µ& 3{+ ,)L3:+ µ$ �)C0(*%*' ?&A (@&8)@43@&'@?L' h?3@'*I*#A&', ?&A k.@3/#@?0'q);&'*' 3*6 =>?*5µ/'@?*6 -&3)@&)8/A*5 />+ 3L' .)*KC:4@' ?&A t#*.*A:4@' 3*6 n)<µ&3*+

13 W.A. Visser ‘t Hooft, “! µL 45'<;2' µ/3’ kµ*6 4?*).AN/@”, k' )8EC@(, x&'*5<)@*+Jx*E'@*+ 1969, 4/#. 51.14 0\&$@µ?-":µ'( , 4/#. 20.

46

3{+ ~'03:3*+ ?&A 3{+ ?&3&##&;{+», ?&CK+ 8&)&?3L)@N/ 3L' "?&(:µA& n H/.30+ -)*?&CLµ/J'0+ µ&+, n -&3)@<)8:+ R&)C*#*µ&o*+, ?&3< 3L' k.A4?/]L 3*5 4’ &l3L' 30' T*$µI)@* 3*61992. 15

! "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+ µ.{?/ 430 (@&8)@43@&'@?0 .)*4?L'@* 30 1974, j3&' nµ&?&)@430+ =>?*5µ/'@?0+ -&3)@<)8:+ G:µL3)@*+ 30' 45µ./)@$#&I/ 43L' "'3@.)*42./A& 3{+u??#:4A&+ ,2'43&'3@'*5.0#/2+ 43L' zI(*µ: Q/'@?L H5'$#/54: 3*6 H5µI*5#A*5 Ml)2.&`J?g' u??#:4@g' (,M,), r n.*A& /p8/ 45;?#:C/o 430 Engelberg 3{+ �#I/3A&+. ,&3< 3L H5'$J#/54: &l3L, k%/#$;:, (@&(/80µ/'*+ 30' B:3)*.*#A3: H:#5I)A&+ F>µ@#@&'0, µ$#*+ 3*6h'K3&3*5 (@*@?:3@?*6 HKµ&3*+ 3*6 -&'/5)2.&`?*6 &l3*6 �);&'@4µ*6, �3*@ 3{+ H5µI*5J#/53@?{+ (µ/3$./@3& ($ ,/'3)@?{+) u.@3)*.{+, j.*5 ?&A .&)$µ/@'/ k.A 30 45'&.3< P3:, µ$8)@3L' (2($?&3: Q/'@?L H5'$#/54: 3*6 Trondheim (2003), ;/'0µ/'*+ P34@ 30 µ&?)*I@K3/)* µ$#*+3*6 k' #0;� HKµ&3*+.

,&3< 30 (@<43:µ& &l30 (@/3$#/4/ H5'3*'@43L+ (@&10)2' k.A µ$)*5+ u.@3)*.g' 3*6,M,, h'3@.)042.0+ 3*5 430 H5µI*E#@* 3{+ Ml)K.:+ ;@< C$µ&3& -&@(/A&+, ;@< z'& ($ (@<J43:µ& ?&A -)0/()0+ 3*5, 43L C$4: 3L' n.*A& ?&3/o8/ n B:3)*.*#A3:+ V$'@';?)&'3 "#$%@*+,µ$8)@+ j3*5 k?#/;/o -&3)@<)8:+ B048&+. -)$./@ ($ '< t.*;)&µµ@4C/o j3@, .&)< 3L' .&)*5J4A& .*##g' ?&3&%@2µ$'2' m/)&)8g' ?&A C/*#0;2' 3*6 =>?*5µ/'@?*6 -&3)@&)8/A*5 4$ .*@J?A#& (@*@?:3@?< ?&A 45µI*5#/53@?< q);&'& 3*6 ,M,, n -&.&(/)0+ kC/2)/o3* s+ n ?&3’k%*8L' «w'C)2.*+ 3*6 U&'&)A*5» µ$4& 430' G@&8)@43@&'@?0 &l30 |);&'@4µ0.

! .)23&;2'@43@?0+ )0#*+ 30' n.*o* (@/()&µ<3@4/ 430 ,M, n h(/#10+ "#$%&'()*+,45'/3$#/4/, 82)A+ hµ1@I*#A&, ?&A 43L' *l4@&43@?K3/): ()&43:)@*.*A:4: 3{+ ~##:'012':+|)C*(*%A&+, 4$ j,3@ h1*)� 3L 8)@43@&'@?L µ&)35)A& µ$4& 43L 4E;8)*': ?&A (@&)?g+ k??*J4µ@?/50µ/': Ml)2.&`?L ?*@'2'A&.

�+ ;'2430', ?&3< 3< .)g3& /}?*4@ 8)0'@& 3{+ N2{+ 3*6 ,M,, r «|)C0(*%: 12'L»µ$4& 4Z&l30 .)*/)803&' ?5)A2+ h.0 3A+ 8g)/+ 3*6 303/ «"'&3*#@?*6 B.#0?», µ$ .)23&J;2'@43$+ 3A+ u??#:4A/+ b24A&+ ?&A b*5µ&'A&+. O< .)<;µ&3& jµ2+ w##&%&' )@N@?< P./@3&h.0 3L' k.@358{, «µ$ 30 P34@ C$#2», C< P#/;/ ?&'/A+, h.0./@)& 3*6 -&.&(/)*6 j.2+ r q;(*:Q/'@?L H5'$#/54: 3*6 ,M, .)&;µ&3*.*@:C/o 43L' |)C0(*%* "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+. O*@*53*J3)0.2+, *m k? GE4/2+ u??#:4A/+ µ$#: 3*6 ,M, /p8&' ;@< .)K3: 1*)<, 30 1979, 3L' /l?&@)A&'< 45'$#C*5' k.A 30 &l30 43L' «?&C’ rµy+ "'&3*#L», .<'2 430 P(&1*+ µ@y+ ".*43*#@?{+u??#:4A&+ ?&A '< I@K4*5' k? 3*6 4E'/;;5+ 3L' ,):3@?L 1@#*%/'A&, h?*E*'3&+ jµ2+ 3&l30J8)*'& ?&A µ@<' w##: C/*#*;@?L 12'L. u?/A': 3*6 |)C0(*%*5 Ml)2.&`?*6 '03*5. B.*)/o($ '< #/8C/o h'/.@1E#&?3&, j3@ r 4:µ/)@'L (5'&µ@?L .&)*54A& 3*6 =>?*5µ/'@?*6 -&3)@&)J8/A*5 ?&A 3g' u??#:4@g' ,E.)*5 ?&A �##<(*+ 430 ,M,, k;?&@'@<4C:?/ h?)@Ig+ ?&3< 3L'm43*)@?L &l3L H5'$#/54: 3{+ Q2'@y+.

H:µ&'3@?L ,jµ2+, �3&' r .&)*54A& ?&A 45µI*#L 3*6 -&.&(/)*6 ?&A µ$4& 43< .#&AJ4@& 3*6 -HM. \2)A+ .*3$ '< (@&3/#$4/@ µ$#*+ ?<.*@*5 (@*@?:3@?*6 � 45µI*5#/53@?*6 �);<J'*5 3*6 (@&8)@43@&'@?*6 &l3*6 �);&'@4µ*6 (µ$ k%&A)/4: 3L 45µµ/3*8L 3*5 43L 4:µ&'3@?L

15.B. \&3N:1K3:, !,-E6"NA678=, ] 0\&$@µ?-"&'( 5,86"E6C=( O,6<$#$µ,^$( :87- W&&#=:., 8_(A678=( (6N22 Q$?µP6.$@ 1992), "CL'& 1998, 4/#. 209.

47

u.@3)*.L Commission on the Churches’ Participation in Development, CCPD), n "#$%&'()*+,4$ Q/'@?$+ H5'/#/E4/@+, 45µ.04@& ?&A 45'$()@< 3*5, � 4$ (@<1*)/+ h.*43*#$+ 43L' Ml)K.:,3L B$4: "'&3*#L, 3L' "4A&, 30' ,&E?&4* � 3< R&#?<'@&, (@/()&µ<3@4/ .)23/E*'3& )0#*,?*µAN*'3&+ 3L' U&'&)@23@?L ?&A ;/'@?< 3L' |)C0(*%: «'03&» 4$ 45N:3L4/@+ ?&A (@&I*5J#/E4/@+ .*E h1*)*64&' 43L C/*#*;@?L P)/5'&, 3L' m/)&.*43*#L, 3L' .&@(/A& � 3L' ?*@'2J'@?*J.*#@3@?L (@<43&4: 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ (@&?*'A&+. 7+ µ*6 k.@3)&./o '< 43&Cg ;@< #A;*430 3/#/53&o* 3*63* 4:µ/o*.

O0' T*$µI)@* 3*6 1978, ?&A 4$ µ@< ./)A*(* ?&3< 3L' n.*A& *m h'< 3L' *>?*5µ$':u??#:4A/+ h'&N:3*64&' 3)0.*5+ .)*2CL4/2+ 430' ?04µ* 3{+ >($&+ ;@< µ@< (A?&@: ?&A «h/@J10)* h'<.35%:», 43L' |)C0(*%o "?&(:µA& ,)L3:+ 1@#*%/'LC:?/ z'& w35.* (@*)C0(*%*45µ.04@*, 30 n.*o* /p8/ 45;?&#$4/@ 30 -HM t.0 30 ;/'@?0 C$µ& «u??#:4A& ?&A G@&?*'A&:B@< |)C0(*%: .)*4$;;@4: 3{+ G@&?*'A&+».16 O0 45µ.04@* h.*4?*.*64/ 43L C/*#*;@?L kµJI<C5'4: 430 C$µ& 3{+ 8)@43@&'@?{+ (@&?*'A&+ ?&A 43L' k%/E)/4: 3)0.2' 45'3*'@4µ*6 ?&A45'/);&4A&+ 3g' u??#:4@g' 43*E+ 3*µ/o+ 3{+ h'&.3E%/2+ ?&A 3{+ ?*@'2'@?{+ µ$)@µ'&+. �+?E)@*+ nµ@#:3L+ 3*6 45µ.*4A*5 /p8/ k.@#/;/o n 1@#*%/'g' &l30 Q/'@?0+ G@/5C5'3L+ 3{+ "?&J(:µA&+, n G) "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+.

H3L' kµ./)@43&32µ$': />4:;:3@?L 3*5 nµ@#A&, 3@3#*1*)*Eµ/': «� V/@3*5);@?L G@&J?*'A&»,17 n "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+, h1*6 .)g3& P?&µ/ µ@< I@I#@?L, C/*#*;@?L ?&A m43*)@?Lh'<#54: 3{+ (@&?*'A&+, 1$)*'3&+ .&)&(/A;µ&3& ;@< 30 .g+ I@KC:?/ ?&A h4?LC:?/ &l3L µ$4&43L' u??#:4A& (@< µ$4*5 3g' &>K'2', 43L 45'$8/@& µA#:4/ (@< µ&?)g' ;@< 3L' h'<;?: h#J#&;{+ 430 µ$8)@ 4Lµ/)& .)035.* (@&?*'A&+J1@#&'C)2.A&+, ?&A .#/@*(03:4/ ;@< 3L (@<I&4Lµ&+ h.0 3L «C/)&./53@?L (@&?*'A&» 43L' «.)*#:.3@?L (@&?*'A&». ,&A k' 3� )Eµ� 3*6 #0;*5P?&µ/ µ'/A&, ;@< .)K3: 1*)< 43< *>?*5µ/'@?< 8)*'@?<, ./)A «µ@?)*(@<43&3:+ ?&A µ&?)*J(@<43&3:+ (@&?*'A&+». �#& 3< µ$3)&, P#/;/, .*E #&µI<'*'3&@ 4$ s)@4µ$'* 30.* ?&A 8)0'*h.0 1@#&'C)2.@?< m()Eµ&3&, µ$ 4?*.0 3L' h'3@µ/3K.@4: 3g' (@&10)2' µ*)1g' h'C)K.@':+(54358A&+ � 3L' ./)AC&#]: k.A µ$)*5+ h30µ2' ?&A nµ<(2', 45'@43*6' «µ@?)*(@<43&3: (@&J?*'A&»18. -&)&3:)g'3&+, jµ2+, j3@ «r u??#:4A& P(/@%/ .<'3*3/ µ@<' h%@*C&Eµ&43: /l/#@J%A&...?&A k1/5)/3@?03:3& j4*' h1*)y 43L' k;?&3<#/@]: .&#&@g' ?&A 3L' k1&)µ*;L '$2'µ/C0(2' (@&?*'@?{+ ()&43:)@03:3*+», 4$ I&Cµ0 .*E '< /p'&@ 4$ C$4: '< k.:)/<N/@ C/3@?<n#0?#:)* 30 4gµ& 3{+ ?*@'2'A&+ ?&A 3{+ -*#@3/A&+ µ$ I<4: 30 8)@43@&'@?0 .'/6µ& 3*6 k#$*5+?&A 3{+ 1@#&'C)2.A&+, n -&.&(/)0+ 30'@N/ .K+ &l3L h?)@Ig+ r .)*4.<C/@& 3{+ u??#:4A&+h.*3/#/o &l30 .*E µ.*)/o '< 8&)&?3:)@4C/o s+ «µ&?)*(@<43&3: (@&?*'A&»19. � u??#:4A&,.)*4$C/3/, h.0 '2)A+ /p8/ (@&.@43K4/@ .K+ r «µ@?)*(@<43&3: (@&?*'A&», j4* h.&)&A3:3:?&A k'35.24@&?L ?&A w' �3&', *�3/ s+ h41&#$+ 3/?µL)@* ;@< 3L N23@?03:3& µ@y+ 3*.@?{+u??#:4A&+ C< µ.*)*64/ '< C/2):C/o, *�3/ ?&A C< �3&' .*3$ 4$ C$4: '< h'3&.*?)@C/o 430

16 An Orthodox Approach to DiaconiaNConsultation on Church and Service, Orthodox Academy of Crete,November 20N25, 1978, WCC Publications, Geneva 1980. 17 "#/%<'()*5 -&.&(/)*6, J?"8$@6%"&7 H",&$-.,N` &$"-/-"&7 aD$:8$#7 8_( W&&#=:.,( :8'- :*%NC6$-$ &':µ$, �?(. =F,, \&'@< 1981 (430 ~%{+ «J?"8$@6%"&7 H",&$-.,»).18 J?"8$@6%"&7 H",&$-.,, 4/#. 43.19 bD.D.

48

µ$;/C*+ 3{+ ?*@'2'@?{+ hC#@03:3&+ .*E .)$./@ '< h'3@µ/32.@4C/o ?<C/ 1*)<20 . Q@’ &l30h?)@Ig+, P#/;/, *m .*@µ$'/+ C/K):4&', ?&A .)$./@ '< C/2)*6', 3L' (@&?*'@?L h.*43*#L 3{+u??#:4A&+ 4$ .*#E /l)E3/)& .#&A4@&, (:#. s+ «µ&?)*(@<43&3: (@&?*'A&». B@< (@&?*'A&.)0+ 3)/o+ ?&3/5CE'4/@+: &) s+ *>?*(0µ:4: µ@y+ ?*@'03:3&+ h##:#/;;E:+, I) s+ (@&?*'@?Lv/)&.*43*#L, ?&A ;) s+ 43)<3/54: ;@< ?*@'2'@?L (@?&@*4E': ?&A h./#/5C$)24:21. 7' 43<C:?& 430 4:µ/o* &l30 /p'&@ ;@< '< k.@4:µ<'2 30 ;/;*'0+ .K+, µ/3< 30 45'$()@* 3{+K/-"V( 30 1978, 30 ;#244@?0 &l30 «/�):µ&» 3*6 -&.&(/)*6, *m j)*@ «B@?)*(@&?*'A&»J«B&?)*(@&?*'A&» ?&C@/)KC:?&' (@/C'g+ ?&A 8):4@µ*.*@*6'3&@ .#$*' ?&3< ?0)*', n4<?@+4$ (@&8)@43@&'@?*E+ ?E?#*5+, ?&A q8@ µ0'*, ;A'/3&@ #0;*+ ;@< h'<.35%:, ;@< ?*@'2'@?L (@J?&@*4E': ?&A ;@< h'C)K.@'& (@?&@Kµ&3&.

� k% �'0µ&3*+ 3*6 W)0'*5 ,2'43&'3@'*5.0#/2+ 43@I&)< ($4µ/54: 3*6 "#$%&'J()*5 -&.&(/)*6 430' 8g)* 3{+ =>?*5µ/'@?{+ ,@'L4/2+ ?&A ;/'@?< 3*6 (@&8)@43@&'@?*6(@*5, µ.*)/o '< ~)µ:'/5C/o t.0 30 1g+ 3*6 1)*'Lµ&30+ 3*5, j3@ «,A':4: 4:µ&A'/@ ?5J)A2+ h'&NL3:4: 3*6 w##*5»22. "##< ~)µ:'/E/3&@, '*µAN2, ?&A t.0 30 .)o4µ& 3{+ (@&)?g+k.&'&#&µI&'0µ/':+ ./.*@CL4/K+ 3*5, j3@ *m |)C0(*%*@ �1/A#*5' '< ?@':3*.*@:C*6' 430.#&A4@* 3{+ =>?*5µ/'@?{+ ,@'L4/2+, .)*?/@µ$'*5 '< 45'&'3L4*5' 30' «w##*'», 30' ~3/)0J(*%*, ?&A '< 45µI<#*5' µ&NA 3*5 43L' k;?&3<#/@]: 3{+ 48*#&43@?{+ ?&A nµ*#*;@&?{+ W/*J#*;A&+ ?&A 3L' h'3@?&3<43&4L 3:+ h.0 30' V0;* 3*6 W/*6, P34@ j.2+ &l30+ ~)µ:'/E/3&@&lC/'3@?< ?&A I@K'/3&@ 43L' .&)<(*4: ?&A 30 1)0':µ& 3{+ |)C*(0%*5 u??#:4A&+23. ,&3< 3L ;'Kµ: 3*6 -&.&(/)*6, 3*63* /p8/ µ/)@?g+ k.@3/58C/o ?&3< 30' />?*430 &>g'&. O0'&>g'& 3g' 3*#µ:)g' .)23*I*5#@g' 4’ "'&3*#L ?&A GE4:, .*E 4308/5&' 43L' P%*(* 3g'.*@?@#K'5µ2' \)@43@&'@?g' .&)&(04/2' h.0 3L' k4243)$1/@< 3*5+, 3L (@<43&4:, 3L' h.*J%$'24: ?&A 3L' h?*@'2':4A& 3*5+, ?&A 45':;*)*64&' t.$) 3{+ .)*&;2;{+ ~'0+ t./EC5'*5(@*5 .)0+ k.A3/5%: C/*#*;@?< k1@?3g' 45;?#A4/2', µ$ h.K3/)* 4308* 3L' h.*?&3<J43&4: 3{+ ~'03:3*+ 3g' 8)@43@&'g' k' 3� .A43� ?&A 3*o+ µ543:)A*@+, h##< ?&A 3L' h##:#*JI*LC/@& ?&A 3L' h.0 ?*@'*6 µ&)35)A& 430' ?04µ* 3*6 4243@?*6 µ:'Eµ&3*+ 3*6 Ml&;;/#A*524.

�4304*, ($' .&)$#/@./ n -&.&(/)0+ '< k?1)<N/@ 3L' h.*;*L3/54L 3*5 µ.)*43<43L' «*>?*5µ/'@?L ?0.24:» .*E .&)&3:)LC:?/ 1CA'*'3*+ 3*6 />?*43*6 &>g'*+. ,0.24:?&A h()<'/@& .*E k'/C<))5'/ j4*5+ k% h)8{+ /p8&' k.@15#<%/@+ ;@< 3L' .)*4$;;@4: 3g' u?J?#:4@g', Cg'3&+ 3*5+ k.’ k48<32' '< k'3/A'*5' 3A+ h'3@))L4/@+ 3*5+ ;@< n.*@&(L.*3/ *>J?*5µ/'@?L .)23*I*5#A&. Q@’ &l30, h?*#*5Cg'3&+ 3L ;)&µµL .*E /p8/ 8&)<%/@ µ$ 3L'u;?E?#@* 3*6 1920 30 =>?*5µ/'@?0 -&3)@&)8/o*, .&)&3:)*64/: «Fl30 30 ?#oµ& 3{+ .&)&AJ3:4:+ h.0 30 j)&µ& 3{+ ?&3&##&;{+ >4*(5'&µ/o ?&3Z*l4A&' µ$ h'5.&?*L 430 C$#:µ& 3*6W/*6 ?&A I#&41:µA& ?&3< 3*6 ¡;A*5 -'/Eµ&3*+....G@< 3*63*, 8)/@N0µ&43/ .)23A432+ µ@< (:Jµ@*5);@?L *>?*5µ/'@?L N23@?L n)µL (un élan vital œcuménique) .*E µ0'* h.0 30' -&)<J

20 bD.D.21 J?"8$@6%"&7 H",&$-.,, 4/#. 44.

22 R#. 0\&$@µ?-":µ'(, 4/#. 45. 23 b.D.

24 "#/%<'()*5 -&.&(/)*6, “¢lan Vital Œcuménique”, 430 «H"E#$%$" A,8,##,%_(», h). 79 (2005), 4/#. 1.

49

?#:3*, 30 -'/6µ& 3{+ h#:C/A&+, µ.*)/o '< k?.*)/5C/o (?&A 3*63*), ;@< '< t./)'@?:C/o r h()<J'/@& ?&A '< 8&)&8C/o µ@< '$&, I&3L *>?*5µ/'@?L .*)/A& .)0+ n)&3*E+ 4308*5+»25.

! "#$%&'()*+ -&.&(/)0+, h1*6 k.A 3)@<'3& ?&A .#$*' P3: h;2'A43:?/ 30' h;g'&30' ?&#0', ?&A 30' ()0µ*' 3/3$#/?/ ?&A 3L' .A43@' 3/3L):?/ (RZ ,*). 4,7), h./8K):4/ h.030 G@&8)@43@&'@?0 .)*4?L'@* *>?/A� I*5#L4/@ 30 2003, .)*?/@µ$'*5 '< (K4/@ «30.* 43<'@<3&». O0 }(@* P.)&%/ ?&A .)0 (@/3A&+ h.*82)g'3&+ h.0 3L Q/'@?L G@/EC5'4: 3{+ =F,.O*63* jµ2+ ($' 4:µ&A'/@ j3@ «k%$#@./» h.0 30 |)C0(*%* 43/)$2µ&! ! h(/#10+ "#$%&'()*+h'L?/@, '*µAN2, 43L' «.<43&» k?/A': 3g' h'C)K.2' .*E 3L' P%*(0 3*5+ h.0 3L' k'/);0 t.:J)/4A& ($' 3L' k?#&µI<'*5' s+ «.&)*.#@4µ0». O*l'&'3A*', %&#&1)2µ$'*@ h.0 3A+ ?&C:µ/J)@'$+ µ$)@µ'/+, P8*'3&+ ($ 43L (@<C/4L 3*5+ w'/4: 8)0'*5, C$3*5' ~&53*E+ 43L' (@&?*'A&3{+ u??#:4A&+ ?&A 3{+ ?*@'2'A&+, z3*@µ*@ '< .)*41$)*5' 3A+ ?&#$+ 3*5+ t.:)/4A/+ j3&' (/JL4/@, n4<?@+ t.<)%/@ h'<;?:.

G$' µ*6 h.*µ$'/@, #*@.0', .&)< '< k.&'&#<I2, (A?:' ?&3&?#/o(*+, &l3< .*E /l8LJC:?/ µ$ 30 h.*]@'0 O*5 µL'5µ& n H/.30+ µ&+ -)*?&CLµ/'*+: «! ,E)@*+ '< (@&15#<44/@30' 3@µKµ/'*' 4Lµ/)*' 7)8*'3& 9.*µ':µ&3*;)<1*' 3*6 W)0'*5 k' h?#*'L3� t;@/A� k.AP3: .*##<, �'& 45'/8A4� µ/3< 3*6 >(A*5 .<'3*3/ 41)A;*5+ 30 .)0+ 3L' u??#:4A&' ?&A 30Q$'*+ .*#E3@µ*' &l3*6 (@&?0':µ&».

50

3/ # % - ! # $)"#

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-)0/()*+ 3*5 G@*@?. H5µI*5#A*5 3:+ =)C*(0%*5 F?&(:µA&+ ,)L3:+.

25 bD.D.

/DPQ>MG79I &. 0>L>G47EI'<9 DEFH> 4<S>7HB5;>I

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S (/E3/): .)<%: «.&A83:?/» µ/ 3*' ?&./3<'@* 3*5 «F;;$#@?&», 43*' *.*A* .&)*5J4@<43:?/ ?&@ /A./ 3:' &#LC/@&, ?#/A'*'3&+ 3*' µ/3&%E 3*5+ (@<#*;* µ/ 3& #0;@&: F' C$#/@+,?&./3<'@*, µ*5 /.@3)$./@+ '& 3&%@($]2. F' 08@, (@K%/ µ/ .)@' 3* .#*A* 4&#.<)/@. O* I)<(5,µ/ /'3*#L 3*5 ?&./3<'@*5, * &.$'3&)*+ ?&@ .&)*#A;*' #&C)/.@I<3:+, (/A.':4/ :;/µ*'@?<2+ * /.A4:µ*+ .)*4?/?#:µ$'*+ 3*5 .#*@<)8*5.

36.8= ,-,F$6E: O* 1958, .358@*E8*+ 3:+ W/*#*;@?L+ H8*#L+ W/44&#*'A?:+ ?&@ $8*J'3&+ /?.#:)K4/@ 3@+ 43)&3@23@?$+ 3*5 5.*8)/K4/@+, $#&I/ 5.*3)*1A& 3*5 -&;?*4µA*5 H5µJI*5#A*5 M??#:4@K' ;@& 3* .&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*5 Yale 32' S'2µ$'2' -*#@3/@K' 3:+ Fµ/)@?L+.-@/N0µ/'*+, 0µ2+, 0.2+ * A(@*+ &'&1$)/@, &.0 3* «;/)µ&'@?0 &A'@;µ&» 32' .&@(@?K' 3*5 8)0J'2', (:#&(L .K+ L3&' (5'&30' * A(@*+ #&0+ '& $8/@ /?C)$]/@, '& $8/@ &'&(/A%/@ $'& B./30I/'?&@ $'& \&'+ (&530 L3&' 3* 0'*µ& 3*5 41&;$& 3:+ /.&)8A&+ H/#A'*5 ?&3< 3: Q/)µ&'@?L ?&J3*8L), NL3:4/ '& 4.*5(<4/@ 43: Q/)µ&'A&. d34@ I)$C:?/ 43* .&'/.@43Lµ@* «X2<'':+ Q*5J3/µI$);@*+» 3:+ 0µ*)1:+ .0#:+ 3*5 Mainz, &.0 3: U@#*4*1@?L H8*#L 3*5 *.*A*5 /;?)AC:?/µ/ /.@358A& : (@&8)*'@?< /.A?&@): (@(&?3*)@?L (@&3)@IL 3*5, .*5 $?&'/ /5)E3/)& ;'24303*' 0)* 4?8,&G-/:=.

O& .#*E4@& /.@43:µ*'@?<, C/*#*;@?< ?&@ *);&'23@?< .)*40'3& 3*5 -&.&(/)*E3*5 <'*@%&' ()0µ*5+ '$2' 5./EC5'2' ?&@ &'*@?3K' *)@N0'32' ?&@ ()&43:)@*3L32' µ/;<#*5I/#:'/?*E+. M.@I/I&@KC:?/ $34@ .*#E '2)A+ &.0 µ@& &)3A2+ #/@3*5);*E4& /.@43:µ*'@?L ?*@J'03:3&, 0.2+ L3&' 3* .&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*5 Mainz, 304* 3* (@(&?3@?0//?.&@(/53@?0, 04* ?&@ 3*45;;)&1@?0 3&#$'3* 3*5.

=@ (@&.@43K4/@+ /A'&@ 8/@)*.@&43$+:– B/ .)03&4: 3:+ U@#*4*1@?L+ H8*#L+ 3*E /' #0;2 -&'/.@43:µA*5, * Y.*5);0+ -&@(/A&+3*5 ?)&3@(A*5 b:'&'A&+J-&#&3@'<3*5 3*' (@0)@4/ $µµ@4C* /.@43:µ*'@?0 I*:C0//.@µ/#:3L43* H/µ@'<)@* 3:+ )@%&6"8"&7( BD":87µ=( 8/- 5$#"8":µ>- (1.1.1962J1.7.1963) µ/ µ/)@?L &'J3@?&3<43&4: 3*5 ?&C:;:3L 43@+ .&)&(04/@+, µ/ 45'(@/EC5'4: µ/ 3*' ?&C:;:3L 32' 1)*'3@J43:)@&?K' &4?L4/2' ?&@ µ/ /.@µ$#/@& 3:+ I@I#@*CL?:+ 3*5 H/µ@'&)A*5.– -/)&@3$)2, µ/3< &.0 $;?)@4: 3:+ H5;?#L3*5, &'$#&I/ µ/ 3*' ?&C:;:3L Eugen Ludwig Rapp3: (@/EC5'4: M.@43:µ*'@?L+ =µ<(&+ M);&4A&+ µ/ 3A3#* «L B##=-$6<'M$S$( B&&#=:., ?"(8$ D,6'-», (A(&%/ .&)<##:#& /.A $%@ /%<µ:'& 48/3@?0 µ<C:µ& ?&@ &4?*E4/ 45;8)0'2+ 43:'/*/##:'@?L ;#K44& 1*@3:3$+, &##< ?&@ ?&C:;:3$+ (@&10)2' H8*#K', 43* .#&A4@* (@/.@J43:µ*'@?*E .)*;)<µµ&3*+ 3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5.– M.A4:+, * .)K3*+ (@/5C5'3L+ 3*5 G/E3/)*5 O:#/*.3@?*E H3&Cµ*E 3:+ Q/)µ&'A&+ (3*5 ;'2J43*E ZDF) ?&@ µ$#*+ 3:+ M.@3)*.L+ ?)A4/2+ 3L+ (@(&?3*)@?L+ (@&3)@IL+ 3*E -&.&(/)*EKarl Holzamer, 3*' 45µ./)@$#&I/ 43* 43/'0 /.@3/#/A* 3*5 ?&@ 3*' 0)@4/ /.@43:µ*'@?0 4EµJI*5#* 3*E 3*µ$& «0 A':µ$( 8=( 06<$M$S.,(». B/ 3:' @(@03:3& &53L &'$.35%/ (@<1*)& (@*)JC0(*%& C$µ&3& ?&@ ?<#5]/, 3:#/*.3@?<, 4:µ&'3@?< ;@& 3:' M##<(& ?&@ 3:' =)C*(*%A&@43*)@?< ;/;*'03& 3*5 ./)&4µ$'*5 &@K'&, 0.2+ ..8. 3@+ /*)3$+ 3:+ 8@#@/3:)A(&+ 3*5 F;A*5�)*5+ (1963), 3:' &.0(*4: 3:+ ?<)&+ 3*5 &.*430#*5 F'()$& 43:' M??#:4A& 32' -&3)K'&.0 3*' ?&)(@'<#@* F5;*543A'* Bea (1964), 3: 45'<'3:4: 3*5 *@?*5µ/'@?*E .&3)@<)8: FC:J'&;0)& µ/ 3*' .<.& -&E#* 3*' HOZ 43& X/)*40#5µ& (1965) ?.<.– H3* 4:µ/A* &530 &%AN/@, .@43/E2, '& &'&1/)C/A ?&@ 3* &?0#*5C* ;/;*'0+: H/ /':µ$)24:

71

.*5 $?&'/ * -&.&(/)0+ 43*' Horst Falke, .)E3&': 3*5 .&'/.@43:µA*5 3*5 Mainz, ./)A 3*5M##:'@?*E M?.&@(/53@?*E H543Lµ&3*+, 3*5 &'$1/)/ ?&@ 3:' /*)3L 32' M##:'@?K' Q)&µµ<J32', 3: ;'243L /*)3L 32' 36">- I?6,6C>-. O* <µ/4* /)K3:µ& 3*5 Q/)µ&'*E .)E3&':, ?&JC:;:3L Q/2;)&1A&+ ?&@ -&#&@*'3*#*;A&+, L3&': Q@&3A '& µ:' $8*5µ/ ?@ /µ/A+ µ@& 3$3*@&2)&A& .&)<(*4:; O* I)<(5 3:+ 30L+ X&'*5&)A*5 1962 : µ/;<#: FAC*54& O/#/3K' 3*5 -&J'/.@43:µA*5 L3&' ?&3<µ/43: 08@ µ0'* &.0 d##:'/+ &##< ?&@ &.0 Q/)µ&'*E+ -&'/.@43:µ@&J?*E+ ?&@ µ:, ;@& '& 3@µL4*5' 3:' /*)3L 32' 36">- I?6,6C>-. O: 48/3@?L (&.<': &'$#&I/ 3*-&'/.@43Lµ@*. = -&.&(/)0+ &'$.35%/ 3* (@0#*5 /58/)$+ C$µ&: «L #?"8$@6%"&7 ,@8$%-/:.,&," &$:µ$<?/6., 8$@ P@R,-8"-$* ,-<6>D$@». O* /.0µ/'* &?&(:µ&`?0 $3*+, 1963, 3:' *µ@#A&;@& 3:' A(@& /*)3L /?1K':4/ * )K4*+ ?&C:;:3L+ 32' B&C:µ&3@?K' 3*5 .&'/.@43:µA*5 3*5Mainz T@?0#&*+ Stullof µ/ C$µ&: «3, µ,<=µ,8"&E :8$ O@RE-8"$». M(K 3/#/@K'/@ : 3)A3: &'&J1*)<*.

O* 1964 $?#/@4/ ?&@ : /%&/3L+ .&)&µ*'L 3*5 -&.&(/)*E 43: Q/)µ&'A&. H5µI*#@?<C& $#/;& 03@ $?#/@4/ '@?:10)& : ./)A*(*+ 3*5 O)2@?*E -*#$µ*5 3:+ N2L+ 3*5, 82)A+ '& 8):J4@µ*.*@L4/@ ;@& 3: 'A?: (*E)/@* A..*. O: (@&($83:?/ : ./)A*(*+ 3:+ =(E44/@&+. S <1@%: 3*5-&.&(/)*E 43:' M##<(& ?&@ @(@&A3/)& 43:' ,)L3:, /A'&@ &?)@I$43/)& : &)8L 3:+ =(E44/@<+3*5 µ/ .#*A* 3:' =F, ?&@ ?&./3<'@* 3*' A(@*. -)**)@4µ0+ 3*5 (/' /A'&@ '& ?&3&#<I/@ ?<J.*@& C$4: .*5 C& 3*' ?&3&%@K4/@ /.&;;/#µ&3@?<. F53L 3:' /A8/ 43* Mainz ?&@ 3:' <1:4/.OK)& C& .)*4.&CL4/@ '& &'&.3E%/@ 3& .)*40'3& 3*5 (&4?<#*5//?.&@(/53@?*E ?&@ 3*5 µ&J80µ/'*5 *)C0(*%*5 C/*#0;*5 µ/ /1&#3L)@* 3:' =)C0(*%: F?&(:µA& ,)L3:+.S .)*41*)< 3*E -&.&(/)*E 2+ /?.&@(/53@?*E &)8AN/@ 3* 1965. O03/ (@*)A43:?/ 2+ C/*#0;*+J -<)/()*+ 3*5 '/*4E43&3*5 -&@(&;2;@?*E X'43@3*E3*5 (-.X.), 5.0 3*' 0)* .*5 $C/4/ *A(@*+, 03@ C& .&)&µ/A'/@ 4’ &53L 3: C$4: 2403*5 /3*@µ&4C*E' *@ /;?&3&43<4/@+ 3:+ =F,.F530 &.*1&4A43:?/ 4/ 4E4?/]: .*5 $;@'/ 43:' FCL'& µ/ 3: 45µµ/3*8L 3*5 303/ 515.*5)J;*E -&@(/A&+ V*5?L F?)A3&, 3*5 M5<;;/#*5 -&.&'*E34*5, Q/'@?*E Q)&µµ&3$& 3*5 Y.*5)J;/A*5, ?&@ 3*5 ?&C:;:3L X2<'': ,&?)@(L, * *.*A*+ /A8/ (/8C/A 3: C$4: 3*5 .)*$()*5 3*5-.X. -&)K' L3&' ?&@ * µ$8)@ .)* *#A;2' /3K' .)0/()*+ 3:+ =F, ?&@ 4Lµ/)& .)K:' ,@44<Jµ*5 ?&@ H/#A'*5 B:3)*.*#A3:+ M@):'&A*+.

-&)&##L#2+ .)*+ 3& ?&CL?*'3& 3*E .&)$()*5, * -&.&(/)0+ 5.:)$3:4/ 2+ &'3@J.)0/()*+ 3*5 ;'243*E ,YHGM (,/'3)@?*E Y.:)/4@&?*E H5µI*5#A*5 G/53/)*I<Cµ@&+ M?J.&A(/54:+), ?&3< 3: (@/3A& 1965J1966. Y.:)$3:4/, /.A4:+, 2+ µ$#*+: 3*5 F'23<3*5H5µI*5#A*5 M??#:4@&43@?L+ M?.&@(/E4/2+, 3*5 H5µI*5#A*5 M.@#*;L+ M.*.3@?*E -)*42J.@?*E, .*##K' M.@3)*.K' ?)A4/2+ ?&@ /;?)A4/2+ (@(&?3@?K' I@I#A2', 3:+ G/53/)*I<Cµ@&+M.@3)*.L+ /#$;8*5 C/&µ<32' 3*5 5.*5);/A*5 -)*/()A&+ 3:+ ,5I/)'L4/2+ ?&@ &'&.#:)23L+(@/5C5'3L+ 4.*5(K' 3*5 G@(&4?&#/A*5 B$4:+ M?.&@(/E4/2+. GA(&%/ 4/ µ/3/?.&@(/50µ/'*5+?&C:;:3$+ B$4:+ M?.&@(/E4/2+ 3& µ&CLµ&3&: d6=:&?@8"&,. R@µ>:?"( ?"( 8$- ?S/C6":8",N

* Q@& /':µ$)24: 32' &'&;'243K' &'&1$)2 03@ : =F, 4/ 45'/);&4A& µ/ 3* -*#53/8'/A* ,)L3:+ 3AJµ:4&' 3:' /*)3L 32' 36">- I?6,6C>- 4/ /?(L#24: .*5 45'(@*);<'24&' 43:' F?&(:µA& µ/ ?E)@**µ@#:3L 3*' B@8&L# G/)µ@3N<?:, .)K:' &'3@.)E3&': 3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5 FC:'K', µ/ C$µ&: «L BS,7Nµ?6$( 8$@ 4?%E#$@ O,:"#?.$@ @D' 8$ F/( 8/- K?/?D":8=µ>-» (.R#. 48/3@?K+: H"E#$%$" A,8,##,N%7(, 3/E8*+ 88 (2008), 4. 977/081J982.

72

-"&'- &':µ$- (4/ W/*#0;*5+), B":,%/%7 ?"( 8=- A$"-/-"$#$%.,- (4/ W/*#0;*5+, U@#*#0;*5+,B&C:µ&3@?*E+ ?&@ U54@?*E+), A$"-/-"$#$%., 8=( ;%/%7( 43* ,$'3)*' B/3/?.&@(/E4/2+G:µ*(@(&4?<#2', ?&@ !"#$:$F., 43:' MC'@?L F?&(:µA& H2µ&3@?L+ F;2;L+. M.A4:+, /%/J.)*4K.:4/ 3* Y.*5);/A* L 3* -.X. 4/ (@/C'L 45'$()@&, 4/ (@&4?$]/@+ 3*5 H5µI*5#A*5 3:+M5)K.:+, 3:+ =5'$4?* ?&@ <##2' (@/C'K' *);&'@4µK'.

B/ 3*' &'&;?&43@?0 '0µ* 59/30.6.1967 0#& 3& µ$#: 3*5 -.X. &.*#EC:?&' ?&@ /.&J'L#C&' 43@+ C$4/@+ .*5 ?&3/A8&' .)* 3:+ /?#*;L+ 3*5+ 43* -.X. = -&.&(/)0+ (/' µ.*)*E4/'& /.&'$#C/@ µ/ '0µ* 3:+ (@?3&3*)A&+ 43* .&'/.@43Lµ@* 3*5 Mainz. O* *%Eµ2)*, I/I&A2+,/A'&@ 03@ ?<32 &.0 ./)A/);/+, 0.2+ * A(@*+ &'&1$)/@, 45'CL?/+, I*#@(*4?*.LC:?/, µ/ /.@µ*'Lµ<#@43&, ./)A 3& µ$4& 3*5 1967, '& &'&#<I/@ 3* Y.*5);/A* -&@(/A&+. F.$))@]/ 3: 45;?/J?)@µ$': .)03&4:, 0.2+ ?&@ (/E3/): .*5 3*5 $?&'/ * 303/ ;'2430+ G@*@?:3L+ ,)L3:+ Q/K)J;@*+ Q/2);&#<+ ;@& ?&3<#:]: 5]:#L+ (:µ04@&+ C$4:+. F.*N:µ@KC:?/ ;@& 3: (@.#L <)':4:µ/ &1&A)/4: 3*5 (@&I&3:)A*5 3*5. ^4304*, &'<#*;/+ I*#@(*4?*.L4/@+ ;@& /A4*(0 3*5 43:'.*#@3@?L, ?&3< 3: µ/3&.*#A3/54:, /.A4:+ 3@+ &.$))@]/. a##243/, : F?&(:µA& #/@3*5);*E4/L(: ?&@ /A8/ .*##$+ &'<;?/+.

H3* µ/3&%E µ/ 3:' .)K3: .)<%: 3:+ &)µ0(@&+ M.@3)*.L+ 3*5 1974, * -&.&(/)0+/.&'L#C/ 43:' 5.:)/4A& µ/ I&Cµ0 M?.&@(/53@?*E H5µI*E#*5, ;@& '& &.*4.&4C/A 43: 45'$J8/@& µ/ 5.*5);@?L &.01&4: (19.3.1975) 43:' M.@3)*.L G@*@?L4/2+ ?&@ =@?*'*µ@?L+ G@&8/@J)A4/2+ 3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5 ,)L3:+ µ/ &5%:µ$'/+ &)µ*(@03:3/+ ;@& /.@30.*5 /.A#54: C/µ<32'3*5 -&'/.@43:µA*5. H3* .#&A4@* 32' &)µ*(@*3L32' 3L+ M.@3)*.L+ k.@(@K83:?/ : A()54: W/J*#*;@?L+ H8*#L+ 43:' ,)L3:. H5;?)*3LC:?/ µ<#@43& M@(@?L O)@µ/)L+ M.@3)*.L (Q@&''&)<+,[:N@*E#&+, -&.&(/)0+), : *.*A& /./%/);<43:?/ ,&'*'@4µ0 V/@3*5);A&+ 3:+ H8*#L+. O* C$µ&1<':?/ 03@ C& /A8/ &A4@* 3$#*+, 03&' * &)µ0(@*+ 5.*5);0+ $(24/ /'3*#L 43*' -&.&(/)0 '&45'3<%/@ &.&'3:3@?0 ;)<µµ& 43*' =@?*5µ/'@?0 -&3)@<)8:, &'&?*@'K'*'3<+ 3*5 3:' &.0J1&4: 3:+ ,5I/)'L4/2+ ;@& $'3&%: W/*#*;@?L+ H8*#L+ 43* -&'/.@43Lµ@* ,)L3:+. O* ;)<µµ&$15;/ .<)&53&. B$8)@ 4Lµ/)& &;'*/A3&@ : 3E8: ?&@ 3*5 ;)<µµ&3*+ ?&@ 3*5 C$µ&3*+.

B/ 3: 4E43&4: 3*5 ;'243*E 43*5+ .&#&@03/)*5+ ,$'3)*5 M?.&@(/53@?K' B/#/3K'?&@ M.@µ*)1K4/2+ (,MBM, T. 186/75), * -&.&(/)0+ /'3<83:?/ &53*(@?&A2+ 4/ C$4: /@(@?*E45µI*E#*5, ;@& '& 5.*I<#/@ 3:' .&)&A3:4L 3*5 3*' B<@* 3*5 1975, µ/ I&4@?0 #0;*, 0.2+&'&1$)/@ 4/ (:µ*4A/5µ& ;'243L+ /1:µ/)A(&+ 32' FC:'K', 03@ (/' 5.L)8/ (@<C/4: 45'/)J;&4A&+ 3*5 Y.*5);/A*5 MC'@?L+ -&@(/A&+ ?&@ W):4?/5µ<32' µ/ 3:' =F, 4/ /5)E 1<4µ&C/µ<32' ?&@ ()&43:)@*3L32' ?*@'*E /'(@&1$)*'3*+, ;@& 3& *.*A& * -&.&(/)0+ /A8/ 5.*JI<#/@ 48/3@?0 /?3/'$+ Y.0µ':µ< 3*5 43* Y.*5);/A*.

H3@+ 15 F.)@#A*5 1982 (@*)A43:?/ /@(@?0+ 4EµI*5#*+ W):4?/5µ<32', &1*E $;@'/ (/J?30+ * 0)*+ 3*5, 03@ &'&#&µI<'/@ 3: C$4: µ/ ?&C&)< /.@43:µ*'@?< ?&@ 08@ ?*µµ&3@?< ?)@J3L)@&. -&)&@3LC:?/ 43@+ 16 U/I)*5&)A*5 1984, µ/3< &.0 (@&12'A& 3*5 µ/ 3:' 303/ .*#@3@?L:;/4A& 3*5 Y.*5);/A*5 -&@(/A&+ ?&@ W):4?/5µ<32'. O*' X*E'@* 3*5 1989 &'$#&I/ 5.:)/4A&4/ µ0'@µ: C$4: 45µI*E#*5 3*5 -.X. /@(@?03:3&+ C/*#0;*5 ?&@ 3*' F.)A#@* 3*5 1995 &.*4.<J43:?/ ;@& µ@& 3)@/3A& 43:' =F,, /.@1*)3@4µ$'*+ µ/ 3:' /1&)µ*;L 3*5 .)*;)<µµ&3*+ «5?"N6,µ,8"&7 M"M,:&,#., 8=( 8$D"&7( ":8$6.,( :8=- A678=». HEµ12'& µ/ 48/3@?L 5.*5);@?L&.01&4:, 3* .)0;)&µµ& &1*)*E4/ 140 48*#/A&, /.A 3: I<4/@ .)03&4:+ 3*5 A(@*5 3*5 -&J

73

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75

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76

6>D= (1993), L B-/µG-= B@6>D= &," = ?<-"&7 µ,( 8,@8'8=8, (1993), B##=-"&7 5,"M?., &,"B@6>D= (1993), A,8,##,%7, M/6?E 8$@ d?$* &," D=%7 -G,( R/7( (;/)µ&'@43A, 1995), L B@N6>D= ,D' ?##=-$6<'M$S= :&$D"E (1995), Q," :8=- ,#7<?", (1996), d6=:&?.?( &," 5$#"8"N:µ$.. )*%&#":=, :*%&6$@:=, M"E#$%$( (43*' 30µ* =6<$M$S., &," = 8/- DE-8/- ?-'8=(,$?(*4@+ X/)<+ B*'L+ ,*53#*5µ*54A*5, a;@*' �)*+ 1997, 44. 199J207), L ?&&#=:",:8"&7 B&ND,.M?@:= &," $ &':µ$( D$@ G6C?8," (1999), 0 %?-"&'( D6$:,-,8$#":µ'( 8=( D,"M?.,( &," $6'#$( 8=( <6=:&?@8"&7( ,%/%7( (1999), 9JJLQ J0K0). 02A 0IH; ; 0IH; ($?(*4:=F,, \&'@< 1999), 5,%&$:µ"$D$.=:= 8=( ?"67-=( &," 8=( ,%ED=( (2001), 3$ :$& 8=( 11=()?D8?µP6.$@ &," 8, ?D,&'#$@<E 8$@ (2002), B- ,D$@:., 8$@ d?$*. L M",µEC= D?6. ,-,F$N6E( 8$@ d?$* :8$ B@6/D,g&' )*-8,%µ, (;/)µ&'@43A, 2003), L O,PG# 8/- 6,M"$8=#?$D8"&>-M",#'%/- (\&'@K3@?: M#/5C/)*35.A&, 7.2.2004), 56':/D$- D6$( D6':/D$-. B8?6'8=8, &,"&$"-/-., (3@µ. 30µ*+, /?(. -. -*5)'&)<, W/44&#*'A?: 2004, 44. 445J460), 3$ S?6$&'µµ,8$(43* I@I#A* Q/)µ&'@?$+ 15#&?$+ F;@<+ 1941J1945, \&'@< 2005, 44. 139J143), eX?"( 8=( 06N<'M$S=( A$"-/-"&7( L<"&7( (43*' 45##*;@?0 30µ* 56$$D8"&G( 0"&$@µ?-"&7( A$"-/-"&7(L<"&7(. 3$ &,<7&$- 8/- B&&#=:">- :8=- ?@6*8?6= B@6>D= – ;/)µ&'@43A, Mainz 2005),5.:8= N BD":87µ= N h/7. L 06<$M$S., :? M"E#$%$ (\&'@< 2007, 44. 134), 4?8,&G-/:"(. B#N#EM, N 06<$M$S., N H",F/8":µ'( &,8E 8$- A$6,7 &," 8$- 0"&$-'µ$ (/?(. F?)A3&+, FCL'&2010), H,6P.-$( &," BSG#"S= (M'*)@&?L -&)*54A& 50, 13J14, b$C5µ'* 2010).

W& L3&' .&)<#/@]L µ*5 '& µ:' &'&1$)2 3:' ?&3&8K)@4: &%@0#*;2' ?&@ /µ./)@J43&32µ$'2' <)C)2' 3*5 -&.&(/)*E 4/ $;?5)& /;?5?#*.&@(@?< #/%@?<, 0.2+: = d6=:&?@N8"&7 &," L<"&7 B%&@&#$D,"M?.,, : 4?%E#= 5,"M,%/%"&7 B%&@&#$D,"M?., ?&@ 3& ;/)µ&'@?<Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche ?&@ Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. H3:' 4: $?(*4:3*5 3/#/53&A*5 V/%@?*E $8/@ ;)<]/@ ;@& 4:µ&'3@?*E+ /?.)*4K.*5+ 32' ;)&µµ<32' 3*5 T$*5M##:'@4µ*E, 0.2+ *@: W/01@#*+ ,&D):+, F(&µ<'3@*+ ,*)&L+, F.043*#*+ B&?)<?:+, ,2'J43&'3A'*+ =@?*'0µ*+ * /% =@?*'0µ2', \)54043*µ*+ -&.&(0.*5#*+, W/0?#:3*+ U&)µ&?A(:+,T@?:10)*+ W/*30?:+, T/0153*+ R<µI&+ ?&@ M5;$'@*+ R*E#;&):+. Q@& 3* .04* /.A?&@): ?&@4:µ&'3@?L /A'&@ : /'&480#:4: 3*5 -&.&(/)*E ?&@ µ/ 3*5+ /?.)*4K.*5+ 32' C/*#*;@?K';)&µµ<32' (?&@ 08@ µ0'*) 3*5 T$*5 M##:'@4µ*E, C& &'&1$)2 3: 48/3@?< .)041&3: $;?)@4:3:+ (@(&?3*)@?L+ (@&3)@IL+ 3L+ ;'243L+ 4/ .*##*E+ 4’ &53L' 3:' &AC*54& )24A(&+ /.@43LJµ*'*+ M5;/'A&+ [*E?*I& ;@& 3*' T@?:10)* W/*30?: &.0 3* ;'2430 ;@& 3* ?E)*+ 3*5 -&J'/.@43Lµ@* Lomonosov 3:+ B048&+.

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77

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