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Dr. Adrian SKEA

Product Marketing Director: Steam

ICCI 2013, April 24-26, Istanbul

Utilizing Turkeys Coal Resources

Cleanly and Efficiently

Benefits of Advanced Steam Cycles

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Agenda

Coal in Future of Turkish Power Generation

How to get more out of Lignite ?

Conclusions

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Global Coal TypesClassification By Rank

Heat Content:(kcal/kg)

Moisture:

Rank

Production:(Share of total)

6,600 - 7,800

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Coal in Future of Turkish Power GenerationCurrent coal landscape in Turkey

Coal an affordable local resource

Lignite:

11.5 billion tons of lignitereserves

Rising production

Broad fuel specification

range

Hard coal:

Coal imports rising

steadily Prices linked to

international market

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

Turkey Coal Supply by Type, 2000-2011

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Coal in Future of Turkish Power GenerationMarket Forecast: 2012-2016

Turkey: A dynamic market place

Analysis per plant type

Source : Alstom Internal Marketing Intelligence 2012

Steam Power Plant

3 GW of new Steam plant expected

Increasing price of imported coal

Push for higher efficiency Leverage of local resource (Lignite)

Permitting: Market hampered by EIA*

permission

More difficult in coastal regions

Less resistance to inland lignite plants

* EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment

14%

69%

1% 13%

3%

UltraSupercritical SuperCritical

SubCritical CFB SuperCritical

CFB SubCritical

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Agenda

Coal in Future of Turkish Power Generation

How to get more out of Lignite ?

Conclusions

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

How to get more out of Lignite ?3 key challenges for Turkey

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

Global trend to lower grade fuels

Optimisation of Plant lifetime costMeeting emissions regulations

Challenges ahead: Increasing use of lower grade

coals

Strict emissions regulations

Cost effectiveness

Lead Time Performance Lifetime

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

How to get more out of Lignite ?Benefits of Supercritical Steam Parameters

Sub-critical SupercriticalMild

Super-critical

Ultra

Supercritical

Steam Paramaters 175b/540C/540C 250b/540C/565C 270b/580C/600C 280b/600C/620C

Typical Unit Net

output >350 MW 350-660 MW 350-1100 MW 660-1100MW

Unit Net efficiency(LHV)*

40 % 41.3 % 42.4 % >43%

% on unit net

efficiencyRef. + 3.5 % + 6.0 % >7.0%

-70,000 t/yr

-175,000 t CO2/yr

-120,000 t/yr

-300,000 t CO2/yr

-144,000 t/yr

-360,000 t CO2/yr

Estimations : Normalised to 900MW output

* Efficiency calculation assumes same fuel and use of similar heat recovery measures

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

How to get more out of Lignite ?Project cost vs. Unit size

Specific cost per kW reduces with increasing unit size

Lower economies

of scale

Higher economies

of scale

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1,5

1.0

Unit Size, MW Gross

RelativeProjectCost

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

How to get more out of Lignite ?Benefits of Large USC: Reduced Levelized Cost of Electricity

Small SubCritical to Large USC: -13% on LCoEICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

How to get more out of Lignite ?Types of Lignites

Turkish Lignite

Lignite

Fuel specificationhighly variable:

Ash content

Moisture

Sulphur

Heating ValueImpact on:

Flue gas volume

Flame stability

Fouling & Slagging

Abrasion

Ash handling

Emissions control

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

How to get more out of Lignite ?Use of Advanced Lignite P.C. firing system

Flue gas

resuction duct

Main burnersBeater wheel mills

Overfire air 1

Overfire air 2

Conventional Improved

High Moisture Content Reduction of Slagging and Fouling

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Thermal & operational flexibility with improved performance

Excellent fuel/air mixingfor tolerance to fuel

variation

Low slagging tendency:- Reduced cleaning

- Maximised efficiency

Tangential firing system

Mill 1Mill 2

Mill 3

Mill 4

Mill 5 Mill 6

Mill 7

Mill 8

How to get more out of Lignite ?Use of Advanced Lignite P.C. firing system

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

How to get more out of Lignite ?Impact on boiler size

Designed for high volume of gas and ash abrasiveness

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Fuel flexibility

Inconsistency of fuel specification

Co-firing

High efficiency / Low emissions Efficient combustion of low grade fuels

Inherent low NOx

Cost effective No milling system

Simple limestone injection system for SOx

control

Potential additional dry scrubber

Improve SOx removal Reduce limestone consumption Reliable operation for slagging and fouling

lignite because of low combustion

temperature

In-Line 300MW Subcritical

ICCI 2013April 24-26_IstanbulDual Grate 660MW Supercritical

How to get more out of Lignite ?Use of Advanced CFB

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

ICCI 2013

April 24-26_Istanbul

How to get more out of Lignite ?SC/USC CFB boiler for Large Power Plants

Large USC CFB: reduces emissions and cost* (/kW)

Dual Grate 660MW Ultra supercritical

Modular design

Steam flow: 1925 t/h

Pressure: 270 Bar

Temperature: 600C/ 620C

* Compared with 2x300MW Subcritical

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

How to get more out of Lignite ?Emission Control: Primary NOx Reduction

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

How to get more out of Lignite ?Flue Gas Heat Recovery System (FGHRS)

Potential for efficiency improvement of up to 1.5%

Particularly beneficial for high moisture fuels (e.g. Lignite)

Can be combined with water recovery, and integrated with CCS

Flue gas coolers with AlWaFlon pressure hoses . Innovative flue gas coolers equipped

with heat exchange pressure hoses

made with AlWaFlon, Belchatw

Photos: DuPont

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Agenda

Coal in Future of Turkish Power Generation

How to get more out of Lignite ?

Conclusions

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Alstom Plant IntegratorconceptCreating value for customers

Customers benefits

Working to achieve customers business objectives

Components

EPC

Operation &

Maintenance

Integrated Systems

Plant

IntegratorTMOPTIMISED SOLUTIONS

ADDEDVALUE

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

Single point of contact

Maximising plant

performance (Efficiency,

emissions)

Based on own high quality

components

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Worlds largest lignite-fired power plant

Neurath F & G, GermanyLargest lignite-fired ultra-supercritical power plant

Owner

RWE Power AG

Technology

2 x 1100 MW lignite-fired Ultra-Supercritical power plant

Scope Plant Engineering

Turnkey steam turbine islands

Lignite boilers in consortium

Benefits

A proven technology for clean, efficientlignite-based power production

Advanced technology resulting in highefficiency and reduced CO2emissions

2x 1100 MW USC Lignite Plant

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

otanj, SloveniaSlovenias first power plant with ultra-supercritical equipment

Achieving the highest possible efficiency using local fuel

Owner

Termolektrarna otanjd.o.o. (TE)

Technology

600MW Ultra Supercritical LigniteSteam Power Plant

ScopeTurnkey Power Island

Overall Plant Engineering

Commissioning

Benefits

Exceptional net efficiency of 43% usinglocal lignite fuel

Reduction in CO2by 35% and SOx&NOxby ~50% (vs existing units)

600MW Lignite Power Block

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Narva, EstoniaCFB boiler technology, fuelled with local oil shale

Technology

Full turnkey steam power plant 2 x300MW CFB

Benefits

Burning local oil shale containing

46% ash and12% moisture Biomass co-firing up to 50%

Lowering emissions

NOx (no SNCR/SCR) : 150mg/Nm3

SO2(no FGD) : 200 mg/Nm3

CO : 200 mg/Nm3

HCl : 30 mg/Nm3

Particulates (ESP) : 10 mg/Nm3

2 x 300 MW CFB Turnkey Plant

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

* LCPD: Large Coal Plant Directive

Compliance with the Europes LCPD: low emissions

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

CAN, TurkeyCFB boiler technology, fired with high-sulphur lignite

Owner

Turkey National Power Authority

Technology

2 x 160 MW CFB Steam Power Plant

Scope

Turnkey Power Island Training and Performance Tests

Benefits

Burning high-sulphur lignite fromlocal mines

High availability (capacity utilizationfactor above 70% since 2007)

One of the most efficient Lignitepower plant in Turkey

2 x 160 MW CFB Turnkey Plant

ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

Achieving high efficiency and availability using local lignite

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ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be reliedon that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is providedwithout liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictlyrohibited.

Alstom Thermal Power, SteamExecutive Summary

Alstom: Your partner in Steam !ICCI 2013April 24-26_Istanbul

Lignite provides complexchallenges for PowerGeneration

Proven technologies exist tooptimize the use of TurkishLignite

Alstom has more than 80

years of experience withburning a wide variety of

Lignite

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www.alstom.com