NS-CP430M-2009/2010 Plasma Physics: A short overview Wim Goedheer & Hugo de Blank FOM-Instituut voor...

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NS-CP430M-2009/2010 Plasma Physics: A short overview Wim Goedheer & Hugo de Blank FOM-Instituut voor Plasmafysica Rijnhuizen Nieuwegein (www.rijnhuizen.nl) E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Course material can be found at: (http://www.rijnhuizen.nl)(onderzoek) (computational plasma physics) (plasma physics course)

Transcript of NS-CP430M-2009/2010 Plasma Physics: A short overview Wim Goedheer & Hugo de Blank FOM-Instituut voor...

Page 1: NS-CP430M-2009/2010 Plasma Physics: A short overview Wim Goedheer & Hugo de Blank FOM-Instituut voor Plasmafysica Rijnhuizen Nieuwegein ()

NS-CP430M-2009/2010

Plasma Physics: A short overview

Wim Goedheer & Hugo de Blank

FOM-Instituut voor Plasmafysica Rijnhuizen

Nieuwegein (www.rijnhuizen.nl)E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

Course material can be found at:(http://www.rijnhuizen.nl)(onderzoek)

(computational plasma physics)(plasma physics course)

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What is a plasma?- “fourth state” of matter

Solid

fluid

Gas

Plasma

evaporation

ionizationIncreasing temperature

melting

A + e A+ + 2e AB + e A+ + B + 2e AB+ + 2eAlso reverse reactions: Chemical (non)equilibrium

Needed: heating of free electrons

- DC or AC (waves) electric fields- Shock waves - Injection of fast particles- ………….

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Where do we find plasma1. Astrophysical objects

The sun (SOHO @ 304 Å) Orion nebula (HUBBLE)

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Where do we find plasma2. In the atmosphere

http://www.piedmontamateurastronomers.com

http://www.geo.mtu.edu

Lightning

Aurora borealis

Sprites, elves and blue jets

http://www.albany.edu

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Where do we find plasma3. Man made: a) plasma processing of materials

Equipment for plasma etching and deposition of thin layers

http://www.phys.tue.nl/EPG

http://www.etp.phys.tue.nl/

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Where do we find plasma3. Man made: c) plasma display panel

plasma display panel. [Art]. Retrieved January  31,  2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:

http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-67339

Typical size:100 m

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Where do we find plasma3. Man made: d) fusion plasmas

A view inside the vacuum vessel of JET, withoutand with plasma. The light shows recycling zones

2 m

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Parameters: density and temperature

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Research at the University of Utrecht: solar cells

Plasma deposition of amorphous (a-Si:H) andnanocrystalline (nc-Si:H) thin film solar cells

SiH4 + e SiH3 + H + e (dissociation, creation of radicals)2SiH3 + surface 2Si + 3H2 (Si sticks to surface, H2 desorbs) (some H in material (10%) passivates dangling bonds

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http://www.novem.nl

Production of solar cells on flexible foil

Helianthos project

Collaboration of (a.o.) UU, TU/e, TUDelft,

TNO, NUON

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A promising future application: energy from fusion

Required: 100-200 million K 2 - 3 x 1020 m-3

Magnetic confinement

The Tokamak: a giant transformerPlasma (in vacuumchamber) is secondary winding

D + T He (3.5 MeV) + n (14.1 MeV)

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Some JET parameters

Major radius 2.96mMinor radius 2.10 x 1.25mPulse duration 60sToroidal B field 3.45TPlasma current 3 - 7MA

JET: The largest Tokamak in the world (since 1983)

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Joint project of EU, US, Russia, Japan,India, P.R. China, S.KoreaTo be built in Cadarache, France

ITER: The road to new energy: first plasma 2018

Power production: 500 MW 10x input

Some ITER parameters

Major radius 6.2mMinor radius 3.4 x 2mPulse duration 400sToroidal B field 5.3TPlasma current 15MA

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Fusion plasma research at Rijnhuizen

Topics: Electron cyclotron heating and current driveDiagnostics: Charge exchange spectroscopy

Electron Cyclotron Emission spectroscopyTokamak Transport: simulations of discharge behaviour

Collaborations on ASDEX-Upgrade (Garching (D)) and JET (Culham (GB))

New research programme: Burning plasma in ITER- Control (Instabilities due to fast particles)- Diagnostics ( particles)- Plasma Surface Interaction and plasma edge instabilities

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Where low and high temperature plasma meet:plasma-surface interaction in fusion devices

Fusion reactions produce helium: must be removed

Needed: controlled cool-down of edge plasma: plasma gas

This is established in a special section: divertor

Harsh conditions: 1-2x104 K, 1024 ions m-2s-1, 10 MWm-2

Cannot be reached in present-day tokamaksNew research line at Rijnhuizen: MAGNUM-psi

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NS-CP430M-2009/2010 …+ Ohmic heating

H plasma with B=0

…+ 1 Tesla B field

Pilot-psi Magnum-psi

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What will this course on plasma physics bring you (I)

First part of the course (8 lectures) Basic plasma physics (with emphasis on magnetized plasmas)

- properties- particle motion in E and B fields- plasma as a fluid- waves- magneto-hydrodynamics

Ends with midterm examination (open book)

Exercises: Mandatory, provide basis for midterm examination

The Monday-afternoon timeslot: Will be used if necessary= For explanation / solving problems with exercises= In principle only on demand= Question hour for midterm examination= ………

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What will this course on plasma physics bring you (II)

Second part of the course: Advanced plasma physics

- fusion and tokamak physics- plasma chemistry- capita selecta (dusty plasma, plasma-surface interaction ,…)

Exercises- Each item will be accompanied with one or two exercises

Excursion to Rijnhuizen (on a Monday afternoon)Possible choices

- To match the material with your main interest (CP, EP, theory, astrophysics) you have a choice regarding the items for the final (oral) examination. A CP package could for instance consist of fusion basics, plasma chemistry,

and diagnostics relevant for plasmachemical applications) Packages will be defined later (depend a.o. on capita selecta)