CC NGUN IN PHN TN

Bin son: PGS. TS. Nguyn Ln Trng

M U

M.1Mc ch mn hc Mn hc nhm trang b cho hc vin nhng kin thc c bn nht v cc ngun in phn tn bao gm cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca cc loi ngun phn tn ph bin hin nay; nh gi hiu qu ca cc ngun phn tn v cch kt ni cc ngun in phn tn vo h thng in.*

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1.Ph ti cng nghip; 2.Ph ti dn dng; 3.Cc nh my in ln truyn thng (CG); 4.Pht in kt hp TBK cng sut nh; 5.Pht in mini; 6. Tuabin gi; 7.in mt tri; 8.Pin nhin liu; 9.Pht in bng ng c piston; 10.Thit b tch tr N 11.Pht in biogas

Hnh 1.4. S li cung cp in trong tng lai c s tham gia ca cc DG *

Hnh 1.5. im kt ni (CP) v im kt ni chung (PCC)

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Hnh 3.2 Mt ct mt tuabin kh

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T hp tuabin kh-my pht in*

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CHNG 4 PIN QUANG IN 4.1 Khi nim chung 4.1.1 Mt tri, cu to ca mt tri 1. Li2. Vng bc x3. Vng i lu4. Quang quyn5. Sc quyn6. Qung7. Vt en Mt Tri8. m9. Ch li ln

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Khong khng v trKh quyn*4.2

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Hnh 4.10 Mch hin th pin mt tri v in tr ti.

Hnh trn biu th lc ca mt thit b pin mt tri v dng ti ca n. *

1 Cu to Cu to ca pin mt tri gm mt lp tip xc bn dn p-n c kh nng bin i trc tip nng lng bc x mt tri thnh in nng nh hiu ng quang in bn trong.

*Hnh 4.11 Cc cu trc ca vt liu ch to pin mt tri

* Hnh 4.13 Cu to ca pin mt tri

Lp kinh bao v giup b mt tm pin tranh c cac tac ng trc tip co hai t mi trng. (bi bn, ma...) Lp keo chng nc thm qua cac khe ni xm nhp vao trong tm pin.*Hnh 4.14 Nguyn l ca pin mt tri

Khi chiu sng vo vt rn, in t vng ho tr hp th nng lng photon h v chuyn ln vng dn to ra cp ht dn in t l trng e- - h+, tc l to ra mt in th. Hin tng gi l hin tng quang in bn trong.

*Hnh 4.17 S hot ng ca pin mt tri

*Hnh 4.18 Nguyn l lm vic ca pin mt tri

Pin nhin liu hot ng lin tc khi nhin liu (hyro) v cht xi ha (xy) c a t ngoi vo.

Hnh 5.1 S cu to ca pin nhin liu

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5.1.2 Nguyn l lm vic V phng din ha hc, pin nhin liu l phn ng ngc li ca s in phn. Trong qu trnh in phn nc b tch ra thnh kh hyro v kh xy nh vo nng lng in. Pin nhin liu ly chnh hai cht ny bin i chng thnh nc. Qua , trn l thuyt, chnh phn nng lng in a vo s c gii phng, nhng tht ra v nhng tht thot qua cc qu trnh nn nng lng thu c s t hn.*

Hnh 5.4 Nhng thnh phn c bn ca mt pin nhin liu ngn xp

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Hnh 5.5. S c trng ca mt h thng pin nhin liu

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5.2.1 Pin nhin liu kim (AFC)

Biu gii thch mt pin nhin liu kim.Pin nhin liu kim l loi pin nhin liu lu i nht nu khng k n m hnh thc nghim ca Grove. Pin nhin liu kim v vn ang c s dng trong ngnh du hnh v tr v tu ngm.*

Pin nhin liu mng trao i proton *

5.4 Cc thng s vn hnh ca pin nhin liu*

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Ngun in thu triu*

Hnh 6.4 Mt ct dc t hp tuabin my pht in gi* trc chnhHp sMy pht in o gi Hp iu khinng c xoay

Hnh 6.5 Hiu sut ca rotor i vi t s v0/v *

Chart1

0.52

0.565

0.59

0.575

0.515

0.32

0.18

Y-Values

T s Vo/V

Hiu sut rotor

Sheet1

X-ValuesY-Values

0.050.52

0.20.565

0.30.59

0.40.575

0.60.515

0.80.32

0.90.18

Trong nm 2012, ngnh cng nghip gi d kin s ln u tin cung cp 1 triu vic lm nh c biu din trong hnh sau:Hnh 6.6 S lng nhn cng trong ngnh in gi trn Th gii *

Chart1

2352005

3002006

3502007

4402008

550550

2010670

2011820

20121000

Qu kh

D on

S lng nhn cng (1000 ngi)

Sheet1

2005Qu khD on

2005235

2006300

2007350

2008440

2009550550

2010670

2011820

20121000

Sau y l s pht trin ca cng sut in gi t nm 2001 n nm 2010.aHnh 6.7 Tng cng sut in gi trn Th gii (MW)*

Chart1

24322

31181

39295

47693

59024

74122

93930

120903

159213

203500

Series 1

Sheet1

Series 1

200124322

200231181

200339295

200447693

200559024

200674122

200793930

2008120903

2009159213

2010203500

Hnh 6.8 Gi trung bnh ca in gi t 1982-2020

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Chart1

38

18

5

3

Gi in gi

Cent/kWh

Sheet1

Gi in giSeries 2Series 3

198238

199018

20025

20203

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6.2.2 .2 Tuabin in gi6.2.2.2.1. Cu to chung ca tuabin in gi Hnh 6.10 Cu to ca tuabin gi*

Hnh 6.12 Tuabin gi rto lng sc *

Hnh 6.13 Tuabin gi rto dy qun khng ng b *

Hnh 6.14 Tuabin gi rto dy qun ng b *

Hnh 6.15 Tuabin gi rto lng sc dy qun ng b *

Hnh 6.16: Cc b t chuyn i cng sut cho tuabin gi: (a) bin i ngun dng v (b) bin i ngun p.*

B chuyn i tn s thng dng l loi back-to-back c cu to nh hnh sau:

in p xoay chiu u cc my pht c chnh lu thnh mt chiu n bin tn. Ti y in p mt chiu c chuyn i thnh in xoay chiu vi in p v tn s nht nh.

Hnh 6.17 B chuyn i tn s loi back-to-back*

6.2.2.2.3.8. Ha in gi vo li inHnh 6.18 Kt ni in gi vo li in*

Sau y l cc s kt ni vi li ch yu ca cc tuabin gi hin i vi cng sut nh mc khong 2 MW, rt ph bin trong ngnh cng nghip in gi. Hnh 6.19: My pht in khng ng b vi h thng phn hi gp i*

Hnh 3.7: My pht in ng b a cc.

Hnh 6.20: My pht in ng b a cc.*

Hnh 6.21: Khng gian ti u trong cnh ng in gi vi a hnh bng phng*

Hnh 6.22: n ca cc ni in hnh

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Chart1

100

90

70

60

50

30

0

n (dB)

Sheet1

n (dB)Series 2Series 3

Tu cao tc1002.42

Nh my c ting n904.42

n giao thng trung bnh701.83

Nh my trung bnh602.85

Vn phng trung bnh50

Hi tho im lng30

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Hnh 6.23-S m hnh cung cp in bng kh Biogass

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Bn a nhit Vit Nam*

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Hnh 8.3 in p nt tng ln ti nt c u ni DG

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Hnh 8.4. nh hng ca DG ti s phi hp gia cc bo v

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Hnh 8.5 S phi hp gia TL v CC trn li in hnh tia

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Hnh 8.6 - Ch vn hnh c lp ca DG lm tng tin cy CC*

Hnh 8.7 - Cch thc t TL c th lm tng tin cy ca li in bng cch gim s lng khch hng b mt in khi c s c trn li*

Biu 8.1: Cc ch s chi ph khc nhau*

Nhng cng thc c s ging nh nhau, nhng con s kt qu c cht khc nhau do tnh ton li sut khc nhau; im ny s c gii thch y hn sau khi chng ta i qua gii hn tip din bng cch cho bc thi gian tin n khng.

Biu 8.2: H s gi tr hin ti (P/F,r,N) l hm vi li sut r v s nm N

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V dH s chit khu bao nhiu l thch hp cho phn tch tit kim nng lng t mt nh my ng pht h thng DG mi c xut cho 1 trng i hc? Bit rng t nm 1970 n nm 1988, tin quyn gp ca trng tng ln 8 ln ($ hin hnh) nh li nhun t u t.Cho:H s tng trng ca la hin hnh = 8 v gia tng ca CPI = 118,3/38,9 =3,04 (nhn biu 8.1) vi n = 18 nmTm: H s chit khu thc rd0*

Gii: C 2 cch tm ra rd0. + Cch th nht l t h s tng trng thc, 8,0/3,04, bng vi (1+rd0)n

Gii ra ta c rd0 = 5,52%. + Cch th hai l tnh h s th trng rd bng cch t mc tng trng th trng theo ng la hin hnh bng vi v tnh lm pht bng cch cho CPI bng vi *(1+rd)n. (1+rinf)n.

Tc l: suy ra rd = 12,246%,

cn CPI= = 3,04 suy ra rinf = 0,06371

Nh vy: rd = 12,246% and rinf = 6,371%.Sau thay vo cng thc 8.31 cho rdovi kt qu l:

ging nh trn.

*(1+rinf)18

Biu 8.3. H s hon vn (A/P,r,N) l hm s ca t sut r v s nm N.*

Biu 8.4:H s trung bnh vi hm ca rd v rd,e N = 5 nm

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Biu 8.5:H s trung bnh vi hm ca rd v rd,e N = 10 nm

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Biu 8.6:H s trung bnh vi hm ca rd v rd,e N = 20 nm

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Hnh 9.1 So snh CHP vi nh my nhit in *

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Hnh 9.3 Chu trnh lm lnh hp th tun hon*

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Hnh 10.5: nh hng ca sng hi bc 3 n dng sng in p trn li in

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Hnh 10.6: S mt cn bng pha dng in trn li*

Hnh 10.7 Kt ni cc ngun in phn tn dng li in DC* PV in gi Thu in T my Chuyn i AC/DCiu khin b npTi DCAcquyLa chnBin tn Ti ACThanh gp DC

*Hnh 10.8 Kt ni cc ngun in phn tn dng li in AC PV in gi Thu in T my Chuyn i AC/ACBin tnTi ACAcquyLa chnLa chn Ti DC B chnh lu v np acquyThanh gp AC

*Hnh 10.9 Kt ni cc DG dng li in hn hp PV in gi Thu in T my Chuyn i AC/ACBin tnTi ACAcquyLa chn Ti DC B chnh lu v np acquyThanh gp DC Chnh lu v np acquyiu khin b npThanh gp AC

* Hnh 13.1 So snh gi kh t nhin

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