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4/9/15 1 TEST REVIEW Soul Music Berry Gordy Worked at the Ford assembly plant in Detroit Started Motown records in 1959 (first called Tamala records) Adapted assembly line concept to making records First owned and operated African American record company

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T E S T R E V I E W

Soul Music

Berry Gordy

�  Worked at the Ford assembly plant in Detroit

�  Started Motown records in 1959 (first called Tamala records)

�  Adapted assembly line concept to making records

�  First owned and operated African American record company

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Jackson 5

�  Family of singers from Gary, Indiana

�  Five brothers, managed by their father

�  Signed with Motown records in 1968

�  Hit songs – “ABC”, “I Want You Back” and more

�  Started the career of Michael Jackson

Aretha Franklin

�  Gospel and Soul singer �  Nicknamed the “Queen

of Soul” �  Hit songs include:

“Respect”, “Chain of Fools” and more

�  Sang at Martin Luther King Jr.’s funeral

�  Won 8 Grammy Awards �  Sang at President

Obama’s inauguration

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Soul Music

�  A mixture of Gospel and Rhythm and Blues �  Lyrics are emotional and meaningful �  Performances come from the heart of the artist �  Dominated by solo artists �  Music is expressive and performed honestly with

great emotion �  Captures the essence of the human spirit �  Dominated by artists such as; Ray Charles, Aretha

Franklin, James Brown, Curtis Mayfield, Otis Redding

James Brown

�  Known as “the Godfather of Soul”

�  Live concerts were fully choreographed dance routines, full brass sections, costume changes and backup performers

�  Hits include “Say it loud – I’m Black and I’m Proud”

�  Influenced Michael Jackson and current performer Bruno Mars

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Ray Charles

�  Blind soul musician that also recorded music in different styles like country, jazz and R & B

�  Hits include: “Hit the Road Jack”, “Georgia on My Mind” and “What’d I Say”

�  Played the piano �  Inducted into the Rock and

Roll hall of fame the first year it opened (1986)

The Supremes

�  Singing group signed with Motown records

�  Included Diana Ross, Florence Ballard and Mary Wilson

�  Had many hit songs including “ Where Did Our Love Go”, “Baby Love” and “Stop! In the Name of Love”

�  Their tight harmonies inspired many girl groups that formed in later years

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Otis Redding

�  Recorded with Stax records

�  He arranged all the music for his band

�  Straight forward, powerful voice

�  Hit songs include: “Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay” and “These Arms of Mine”

Top Theaters for Performers

Premier Record Companies

�  Apollo Theater in New York City

�  Regal Theater in Chicago, IL

�  Howard Theater in Washington D.C

�  Uptown Theater in Philadelphia, PA

�  Motown Records in Detroit, MI

�  Stax Records in Memphis, TN

�  Atlantic Records in New York City

Promoting Soul Music

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Smokey Robinson

�  Singer/Songwriter for Motown records

�  Leader of the “Miracles” singing group

�  Wrote many of Motown’s huge hits for various groups and performers

�  Hit songs include “Tracks of My Tears” and “Ooh, Baby, Baby”

Soul Musicians

�  Curtis Mayfield – soul singer active in the civil rights movement

�  Marvin Gaye – Hits song “Heard it Through the Grapevine” and smooth love ballads

�  Jackie Wilson – Soul singer with an exceptional onstage presence and four-octave vocal range

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Other Top Soul music groups

�  The Temptations – male group with Motown. Hits include “My Girl” and “Get Ready”

�  The O’Jays – soul group from Canton, OH with hits songs “Love Train” and “Lonely Drifter”

�  The Four Tops – Motown group with soul hits “I Can’t Help Myself” and “Reach Out, I’ll Be There”

Soul Music and Civil Rights

�  Most soul musicians were African American and had personal experiences with racism both personally and professionally.

�  Berry Gordy and Motown records, along with Stax and Atlantic produced songs with lyrics hinting at discrimination and the treatment of blacks

�  Songs like “Say It Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud” and “Choices of Colors” helped call attention to the social causes of the civil rights movement