Microwave Design (Niko Format)

7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)

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INTRODUCTION

Microwave communication is a cost-efective and ecient means to

connect two or more wireless points together over a variety o terrains and

space, where continuous runs o cable or ber type transmission lines would

not be practical or even possible. As basic as linking two wireless locations

together, or when used in a network combining a series o hops orming vast

relays to link a nation, microwave driven communication is used to connect

even the ar reaches o space with ground-to-space and satellite-to-satellite

communications. ellular and !ersonal ommunications "ervice #!"$

providers employ microwave communication or wireless inter-connects

between remote tower sites and switching centers. Microwave data links

provide wide bandwidths or multiple-mode transmissions e%uivalent to and

even greater than two points linked with traditional transmission line cables.

&roadband wireless systems that provide robust 'A( and )A( solutions are

being deployed globally due to their ease o installation, high perormance

and cost efectiveness.

*he most critical element o any microwave system is the ability to

ocus coverage in the most useul area. +or long distance networking hops, it

is the antennas ability to eciently ocus a signal into a narrow beam.

!arabolic antennas typically use a center-ed eed horn design that is similar

to a ashlight. A parabolic-shaped microwave antenna is capable o signal

beamwidths o less than a ew degrees, which is necessary or reliable and

intererence ree point-to-point communication. owever, not all

!roposed Microwave 'ink rom "an /aael, &ulacan to abanatuan ity, (ueva 0ci1a - )iMA23


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communications using microwave re%uencies re%uire such ocused designs.

!oint-to-multipoint subscriber services and 'A(4)A( networks typically

re%uire a broad service area to be illuminated. "peciali5ed antenna designs,

in the orm o at panels and tuned sector arrays, use a combination o beam

steering techni%ues to electronically direct a wider beamwidth o microwave

signals into the desired coverage area, oten reerred to as a sector.+or long haul systems and particularly or systems carrying data, it is

almost mandatory to employ diversity i very high reliability is needed.

6iversity suggests that there is more than one transmission path or method

o transmission available between a transmitter and a receiver. 7n microwave

system, the purpose o diversity is to increase the reliability o the system by

increasing the availability. Although there are many ways o achieving

diversity the two o most common methods used are re%uency and space.&oth o above diversity scheme can reduce the efects o multipath

ading to insignicance. *hough space diversity re%uires the use o additional

waveguides and antennas, it is a preerable techni%ue than re%uency

diversity because it provides an ecient spectrum usage and it is

particularly efective against ground or water reective ading.*he basic principle o space diversity is to choose an interval such that

when the signal on one diversity hal is near or at the null point, the signal on

the other diversity hal will be at or near one o the ma8imum points.

Aside rom diversity congurations, another way o increasing the

availability o the system is by hot standby. )ith this techni%ue, each o

working radio channel has a dedicated back up or spare channel or it is

simply reers to a redundant e%uipments o the system.



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)ith the introduction o new and afordable digital technologies,

licensed and unlicensed #spread spectrum$ microwave data links now serve

many speciali5ed markets, including inbuilding wireless 'A(s, point-to-multi

point internet, regional broadcast subscriber services and other new and

emerging modes o personal and business communications. &roadband

wireless access #&)A$ is the provision o broadband, high-speed and high

capacity 8ed wireless data systems or 7nternet access, wireless local loop

and other applications utili5ed by both home and business customers. A wide

variety o re%uencies are utili5ed or these services, including M6"4MM6"

and unlicensed spread spectrum re%uencies in the 9 :5 band, licensed

8ed wireless spectrum in the ;.< :5 band, =(77 band re%uencies in the persons. &ulacan had

a median age o 9; years in 9F.

Population by yearYear1 Population2

1948 394,000

1960 515,000

1970 738,000

1975 900,000

1980 1,096,000

1990 1,505,000

1995 1,784,000

2000 2,234,000

2007 2,826,926

Econo'%

In)u&(ri&

*he province o &ulacan is steadily becoming industriali5eddue to its

pro8imity to Metro Manila. Many corporations put up industrial plants and

site in &ulacan. "ome o the businesses and industries include AgribusinessH

A%uacultureH &ankingH ement&ag Making eramicsH onstructionH ourierH

0ducationH +ood4+ood !rocessingH +urnitureH :armentsH :its, ouseware

6ecorsH ospitalsH otels, /esorts /estaurantsH 7normation and

ommunications *echnologyH 7nsuranceH KewelryH leather leather tanningH

ManpowerH ManuacturingH MarbleH !rinting !ressH !yrotechnics +ireworks

ManuacturingH /ealty4/eal !roperty 6evelopmentH "hoe ManuacturingH

*e8tileH*radeH*ransport"ervicesH*ravel*oursH ?ther "ervices

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrializationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agribusinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decors&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanninghttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrotechnicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrializationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agribusinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decors&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanninghttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrotechnicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours


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A"ri*u&in&& + a,uacul(ur

*he rural areas still mostly depend on agriculture#in the plains$ and

sheries#in the coastal areas$ as a source o income. "ome o the ma1orcrops are rice, corn, vegetables, and ruits such as mangoesH and various

kinds o shes and seaoods.

Ban-in" an) .nanc

&ulacan is served by all ma1or banks with more than 9 banks doing

business in the province. *he entrepreneureal culture is supported by the

strong cooperative movement with total assest o over !h! 9 &illion.

Tranor(a(ion an) roa) n(/or-&

&ulacan is dubbed as @*he :ateway to the (orthern !hilippines@. *he

province is linked with Metro Manila primarily through the (orth 'u5on

08presswayand Manila (orth /oad#well known as the MacArthur ighway$

which crosses the province into !ampangaand western part o (orthern

'u5on #western entral 'u5on, 7locosand ordillera Administrative /egion$.

)hile taking the agayan Palley /oadin :uiguinto, the road leads to (ueva

0ci1aand to the eastern part o (orthern 'u5on #eastern entral 'u5onand

agayan Palley /egion$. &ulacan will be accessed by the uture -J /oad

connecting the provinces o /i5al and avite and the cities o *aguig,

!araOa%ueand Muntinlupawhich are located in Metro Manila.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisherieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_North_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cagayan_Valley_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiguintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupa_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisherieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_North_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cagayan_Valley_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiguintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupa_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila


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*he MacArthur ighway traverses the province rom north to south.

Most ma1or towns can be reached through the (orth 'u5on 08pressway. A

good number o motor vehicles owned largely by private individuals provide

mobility to &ulacans populace. Aside rom ve main highways that traverse

the province, all roads are widely dispersed throughout &ulacan.

&us terminals o &aliuag *ransit, aliornia &us 'ine, "ampaguita 'iner

and /oyal 0agle are in &aliuag, &alagtas and agonoy. *he main bus lines o

!hilippine /abbit, Pictory 'iner, Aladdin *ransit that originate rom their main

terminals in Manila, !asay and Lue5on ity and travel northward to cities

and towns in !ampanga, *arlac and Rambales, pass through &ulacan via the

*abang e8it.

!ublic transportation within the province, like in most o the urban

areas in the !hilippines, is acilitated mostly using ine8pensive1eepneysand

buses. *ricycles are used or short distances.

In)u&(rial &(a( an) #ar-&

*his is a partial list o industrial sites in the province.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeepneyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeepneys


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+irst &ulacan 7ndustrial ity -

Malolos ity

7ntercity 7ndustrial 0state -

)akas, &ocaue

&ulacan Agro-7ndustrial

"ubdivision - alumpit

&ulacan Metro )arehouse

#&M)$ enter - :uiguinto

Meycauayan 7ndustrial "ubd.

7, 77, 777 7P - Meycauayan

Meridian 7ndustrial

ompound - Meycauayan

Muralla 7ndustrial !ro1ect -

Meycauayan

+irst Pelen5uela 7ndustrial

ompound - Meycauayan

"terling 7ndustrial !ark !hase

7, 77, 777 7P - Meycauayan

:rand 7ndustrial 0state -

!laridel

"apang !alay 7ndustrial

0states - "an Kose del Monte

ity

Agus 6evelopment

orporation - "ta. Maria

&ulacan 7* !ark - Marilao

:olden ity &usiness !ark -

)akas, &ocaue

"terling 7ndustrial !ark -

MArilao

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocauehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocaue


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&ulacan got the top place or @':=Is with ighest :ross 7ncome@ #!h!

B,FBF,J,.$ and @*op "pender by ':=Is@ #!h! B,;GC,G9,.$, and

third #;rd$ among the @*op !rovinces with :enerated &iggest (et 7ncome@

#!h! ;J>,B>,.$ according to the 9J A((=A' +7(A(7A' /0!?/* -

'?A' :?P0/(M0(*" o the ommission o Audit. *he rst time to top the

perennial top placer, which was the !rovince o ebu.

*he province got the top place or @':=Is with ighest :ross

7ncome@ #!h! B,>F,J,.$, second #9nd$ in @*op "pender by ':=Is@

#!h! B,;F9,BJ,.$, and third #;rd$ among the @*op !rovinces with

:enerated &iggest (et 7ncome@ #!h! G;G,>;,.$ according to the 9F

A((=A' +7(A(7A' /0!?/* - '?A' :?P0/(M0(*" o the ommission o

Audit.

&ased on the ommission o AuditIs 9> Annual +inancial

/eport or 'ocal :overnments, the provinceIs total gross income had

increased to !h! B,CJ


18/96


19/96

San Ra!alis a Bst class municipalityin

the provinceo &ulacan, !hilippines. According to the latest census, it has a

population o >G inhabitants in BG,J;C households.

Buil( U# Ara

)ith the continuous e8pansion o Metro Manila, the municipality is nowincluded in Manila built up area which reaches "an 7ldeonso in its

(orthernmost part.

Baran"a%&

"an /aael is politically subdivided into ;G barangays#< urban, 9C

rural$.

&MA-&alagtas

&anca-banca

aingin

oral na &ato

ru5 na 6aan

6agat-dagatan

6iliman 7

6iliman 77

apihan

'ibis

'ico

Maasim

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay


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Mabalas-balas

Maguinao

Maron%uillo

!aco

!ansumaloc

!antubig

!asong &angkal

!asong allos

!asong 7ntsik

!inacpinacan

!oblacion

!ulo

!ulong &ayabas

"alapungan

"ampaloc

"an Agustin

"an /o%ue

*alacsan

*ambubong

*ukod

=lingao

"apang !ahalang



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Nueva Ecija Province

Map of the Philippines with Nue$a Eci%a highlighted

Coordinates: 15#5N 12100E 15!5"#N

121ECoordinates: 15#5N 12100E

15!5"#N 121E

Nuva Eci0a #+ilipinoEBagong Ekiha$ #!":E ;GCH ISOE

!-(=0$ is a landlocked province o the !hilippines located in the entral

'u5onregion. 7ts capital is !alayan ity. (ueva 0ci1a borders, rom the south

clockwise, &ulacan, !ampanga, *arlac, !angasinan, (ueva Pi5caya, and

Aurora.

Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Languagehttp://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provcode=034900000&regName=REGION%20III%20(Central%20Luzon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(province)http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija&params=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Languagehttp://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provcode=034900000&regName=REGION%20III%20(Central%20Luzon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(province)


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Hi&(or%

(amed ater the old city o Sci1ain "eville, "pain,(ueva 0ci1a was

created as a military comandancia in BFFF by :overnor :eneral laverTa,

with the capital, Kosean at &aler#now part o Aurora$. 7t was ormerly part o

the province o !ampanga. +rom its humble beginning, its land area grew to

cover almost the entire island o 'u5on. "panish /ecords in the !hilippines

recogni5es 9 "panish countries in the !acic-- Las Islas Filipinasand Nueva

cija. !overty was the only reason why (ueva 0ci1a was not given recognition

as a separate country rom the !hilippines by the Uing o "pain in B>Gs.

+rom BFFF to BCBF, (ueva 0ci1aIs territory was however subdivided to give

way to the creation o other provinces. *he !rovince o *ayabas #now Aurora

and Lue5on$ including !olillo 7slands, the provinces o !alanan #now 7sabela$,

agayan, the province o (ueva Pi5caya, the territory which became part o

the !rovince o Luirino, and the province o Manila north o the province o

*ondo in B>JF, and the 6istrict o Morong #now /i5al$ were among those

created out o (ueva 0ci1a.

7n B>CJ, (ueva 0ci1a became one o the rst provinces to revolt

against "panish rule, and one o the provinces which declared its

independence in B>C>.

Econo'%

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_comandancia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_Generalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baler,_Aurorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_comandancia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_Generalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baler,_Aurorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal


23/96

(ueva 0ci1a is considered the main rice growing province o the

!hilippines and the leading producer o onions in the Municipality o

&ongabon in "outh 0ast Asia.

Ma0or In)u&(ri&

(ueva 0ci1a is one o the top producers o agricultural products in

the country. 7ts principal crops is mainly rice but corn and onion are also

produced in %uantity. *he province is oten reerred to as the V/ice :ranary

o the !hilippines.W ?ther ma1or crops are onion, mango, calamansi

#calamondin orange$, banana, garlic, and vegetables. *he town o &ongabon

at the eastern part o the province at the oot o the "ierra Madre mountains

and its neighbouring 'aur and /i5al are the ma1or producers o onion and

garlic. &ongabon is called the @onion capital o the country@.

0ducation is very well established as a ma1or industry in the

province. *he leading educational institutions are the entral 'u5on "tate

=niversity in Muno5 and (ueva 0ci1a =niversity o "cience and *echnology,

)esleyan =niversity-!hilippines, 'a +ortuna ollege and Araullio =niversity in

abanatuan. *here are B> tertiary level institutions in abanatuan ity alone.

ealth services are also a notable industry and a number o

hospitals cater to patients rom within (ueva 0ci1a and some coming rom



24/96

neighbouring provinces. *here are also a number o schools o nursing and

midwiery, mostly in abanatuan.

ere are poultry arms in a number o towns, most notably, the

'oren5o poultry arms in "an 7sidro which is one o the largest in the

country. 6uck raising and egg production is also an important

livelihood. +ishponds are unevenly distributed throughout the province

but the largest concentrations are in "an Antonio, "anta /osa, and

uyapo.

+abrication o tricycle @sidecars@ is widespread in the province,

notably in "anta /osa, where prices are as low as !h! F, which is

practically the cheapest in the country.

"everal areas have mineral deposits. opper and manganese

have been ound in :eneral *inio, arranglan, and !antabangan. *he upper

reaches o arranglan and !alayan ity are said to contain gold.

7n Kune 9>, it has also received the titleE @Milk apital o the

!hilippines@ due to the reason that (ueva 0ci1a gathers more milk rom both

cows and carabaos or water bufaloes than any other place in the !hilippines.

*he !hilippine arabao enter is located in '"= compound in Muno5 ity.

Go"ra#$%

P$%&ical



25/96

*he province is the largest in entral 'u5on. 7ts terrain begins

with the southwestern marshes near the !ampanga border. 7t levels of and

then gradually increases in elevation to rolling hills as it approaches the

mountains o "ierra Madre in the east, and the araballo and ordillera

ranges in the north.

Ci(i&

abanatuan ity

:apan ity

!alayan ity

"an Kose ity

"cience ity o MuOo5#website$

Munici#ali(i&

Aliaga (ampicuan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanatuan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_City,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_City_of_Mu%C3%B1ozhttp://www.sciencecityofmunoz.ph/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaga,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampicuan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanatuan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_City,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_City_of_Mu%C3%B1ozhttp://www.sciencecityofmunoz.ph/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaga,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampicuan,_Nueva_Ecija


26/96

&ongabon

abiao

arranglan

uyapo

:abaldon#&itulok

"abani$

:eneral Mamerto

(atividad

:eneral *inio

:uimba

KaXn

!antabangan

!eOaranda

Lue5on#&ertese and 7log &aliwag$

/i5al

"an Antonio

"an 7sidro

"an 'eonardo

"anta /osa

"anto 6omingo#Uonsehal Kayson "agnip,

Rone B "an +abian$

*alavera

Cabanatuan City, NuevaEcija

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongabon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabiao,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carranglan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuyapo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabaldon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Tinio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimba,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaen,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantabangan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1aranda,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Isidro,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Leonardo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talavera,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongabon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabiao,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carranglan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuyapo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabaldon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Tinio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimba,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaen,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantabangan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1aranda,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Isidro,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Leonardo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talavera,_Nueva_Ecija


27/96

*he Ci(% o! Ca*ana(uan#+ilipinoE Lungsod ng Cabanatuan$ is a

rst class, urban cityin the provinceo (ueva 0ci1a, !hilippines. 7t is

considered the commercial, industrial and educational hub o the province.

According to the latest census, it has a population o 9


28/96

o the astest-growing cities in the country. 7t has a metropolitan population

o Y,99 #as o "eptember 9C$ registered tricycles.

Hi&(or%

abanatuan was ounded as &arrio o :apan in BF


29/96

abanatuan was also the epicenter o a massive earth%uakeat roughly

; p.m. on Kuly BJ, BCC. *he earth%uake leveled some buildings,

including the hristian ollege o the !hilippines #'iwag olleges$ in

the midst o class time. At F.F on the /ichter scale, it killed BJ


30/96

Roa)&

Maharlika ighwayis the main highway in abanatuan ity. All vehicles

coming rom and to agayan Palley passes through this highway.

(ueva 0ci1a-Aurora ighway is also a main road in the city connecting

abanatuan ity and parts o Aurora !rovince. *he newly constructed

BB-kilometer our-lane +elipe Pergara ighway links town o *alavera to

&rgy. "umacab 0ste to ease the trac congestion along the busy

Maharlika ighway, which has a daily vehicle trac o more than

J,. ?ther ma1or roads include ircumerential /oads B and 9,

&urgos Avenue, M. 6e 'eon Avenue, 0milio Pergara &oulevard, Mabini

"treet and del !ilar "treet. *he proposed (orth 'u5on 0ast

08presswaywill pass through the city rom Manila all the way to

*uguegarao ity, and also*arlac-(ueva 0ci1a-Aurora 08presswaythat

will link *arlac to 6ingalan &ay.

Ban-in" an) Co''unica(ion&

abanatuan ity was credited or its good access to commercial banks

that is why the city was ranked as one o the most livable cities in the

!hilippines together with Makati ity in terms o banking. *here are


31/96

ommunications and "un ellular also had their business oces

located in the city. *he !hilippine 'ong 6istance *elephone ompany

#!'6*$ had their business oce at :eneral *inio "t., while 6igitel is in

Mabini 08tension. *P and /adio "tations are also present in the city.

Bu&in&& an) Econo'%

abanatuan ity boasts o modern establishments serving a large

consumer market that can absorb urther commercial development.

"ome recent developments in the city include the opening o 9

branches o Mang 7nasal, otel "ogo abanatuan, !uregold #under

construction$ and amella omes #under land ac%uisition$. *he ma1or

car

companies*oyota, Mitsubishi, yundai, +ord, (issan, 7su5u, Uiaand "u5

ukihad their car dealerships placed along the cityIs main thoroughare.

&esides being the trading center o agricultural products rom the

surrounding arming communities, there are other markedly vibrant

economic potentials or abanatuan ity. 7t is building a reputation o

becoming the 7* hub o entral 'u5on - as there are thousands o

0nglish-procient students in the city. *he rst call centerin (ueva0ci1a was established in the city in 9>. 7t is also ast-becoming a

ma1or investment hub and considered as one o the most competitive

cities or doing business in the country.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_center


32/96

*he cityIs continuing urbani5ation lured investors not only into the city

but also to the suburban municipalities as well. 7ts properly placed

inrastructure is already having an efect to the cityIs development.

E)uca(ion an) Hal($

abanatuan ity is the educational center o the province, the city is a

university town with G>.9BD o the population are students, the city

has ; universities, < institutions, B science high school, more than B public and primary schools.

(otable institutions include )esleyan =niversity- !hilippines, which is

the largest and oldest private university in the province, also the rst

and only autonomous university in the provinceH Araullo =niversity,

owned by !7(MA one o the most modern universities in the provinceH

(ueva 0ci1a =niversity o "cience and *echnologyH ollege o the

7mmaculate oncepcionH 'a +ortuna olleges and the 6r. :loria 'acson

+oundation olleges. *he city is also the home o a catholic seminary -

Maria Assumpta "eminary.

Many hospitals can be ound in the city proper, mostly private and

clean which made abanatuan ity the center or medical operationsand research. (otable hospitals include - 6r. !aulino K. :arcia Medical

ospital is one o the most largest hospitals in the regionH (ueva 0ci1a

:ood "amaritan :eneral ospital, one o the most advanced and



33/96

modern hospitals in the provinceH )esleyan =niversity :eneral ospital

enter, one o the most modern and cleanest hospitals in the region,

also the rst open-heart surgery outside o Manila was made here.

En(r(ain'n(

*he city is also home to large malls which provide entertainment or

the population. *hese malls include (0 !acic Mall, /obinsons

abanatuan, Megacenter the Mall, MelanioIs, and the (0 Mall. "M

!rimeis now planning o constructing a supermall by 9BB.

Baran"a%&

abanatuan ity is administratively subdivided into >C barangays.

Aduas entro

Aduas (orte

Aduas "ur

&agong "ikat

&agong &uhay

&akero

&akod &ayan

&alit

+atima #!ob.$

:eneral 'una #!ob.$

ermogenes .

oncepcion, "r.

7babao &ana

7melda 6istrict

7sla #!ob.$

Ualikid (orte

Ualikid "ur

!ula

Lue5on

6istrict #!ob.$

/i5delis #!ob.$

"amon

"anbermecristi

"an 7sidro

"an Kose (orte

"an Kose "ur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NE_Pacific_Mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megacenter_the_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Primehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Primehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NE_Pacific_Mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megacenter_the_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Primehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Prime


34/96

&antug &ulalo

&antug (orte

&arlis

&arrera 6istrict #!ob.$

&ernardo 6istrict

#!ob.$

&itas

&oniacio 6istrict#!ob.$

&uliran

&ryan "armientoIs

:reat "tate

abu

audillo

alawagan

#Ualawagan$

aalibang

amp *inio

aridad Pillage

inco-inco

ity

"upermarket4&ayan

Uapitan !epe #!ob.$

'agare

M. ". :arcia

Mabini 08tension

Mabini omesite

Macatbong

Magsaysay (orth

Magsaysay "outh

Maria *heresa

Matadero #!ob.$

'ourdes

Mayapyap (orth

Mayapyap "outh

Melo1avilla #!ob.$

(abao #!ob.$

?brero

!adre risostomo

!adre &urgos #!ob.$

!agas

!alagay

"an Kuan Acca

"an /o%ue

(orte

"an /o%ue "ur

"umacab 0ste

"umacab

(orte

"umacab

"outh

"anbermicristi

#!ob.$

"angitan )est

"angitan 0ast

"anta Arcadia

"anto (iOo

"apang

*alipapa

Paldeuente

Palle ru5

Pi1andre

6istrict #!ob.$

Pilla ?elia



35/96

#!ob.$

ommunal

ru5 /o1a

6aang "arile

6alampang

6icarma #!ob.$

6imasalang #!ob.$

6.". :arcia

!amaldan

!angatian

!atalac

!olilio

Rulueta

6istrict #!ob.$

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Si( Slc(ion



36/96

*he ollowing are some o the basic considerations or the proper

site selection o a microwave terminal stationHB. A description o physical characteristics o the site.9. :eographical coordinates o the proposed sites, political

subdivisions, access roads and physical ob1ects with which the

sites can be identied.;. /elationship o the site to any commercial, military, or private

airport within several miles.G. Mean sea level elevation o the sites.


37/96

at least JD o the radius o the rst +resnel 5one at the point o

obstructions.

Rain A((nua(ion

At microwave re%uencies o BB:5 and B9:5 or above rain

attenuation can be very serious. *he amount o attenuation depends upon

the rate o rainall, si5e o raindrops and the length o e8posure. *wo things to bear in mind in connection with rain attenuation

are that #B$ multipath ading does not occur during the period o heavy

rainall so the entire path ade margin is available to combat the rain

attenuation and #9$ neither space nor re%uency diversity provide

improvement against rain attenuation.

A('o$ric A*&or#(ion Atmospheric absorption due to o8ygen and water vapor also

e8ists. *he magnitude o the efect is %uite small at the lower re%uencies

#9:5->:5$ and is usually neglected.

E,ui#'n(&

Micro/av An(nna Slc(ion

?perating re%uency band. *o be approved by (*. :ain. +or a given re%uency band, gain is primarily a unction o

antenna si5e. )ind load.

Ra)io S%&(' Con&i)ra(ion

*he amount o radio gain available, as determined by transmitter

power output and receiver noise characteristics.



38/96

?perating re%uency band and re%uired re%uency spacing

between radio channels, as determined by transmitter deviation,

receiver selectivity, and re%uency stability.

!rimary power re%uirements and options available. *he receiver threshold or receiver sensitivity should always be

considered. *he data capacity o the radio e%uipment to determine how

much inormation it can carry.

Ra)o'

A radome is a protective covering used to prevent snow, ice,

water, or debris rom accumulating on a microwave antenna. eated

radomes are available or use in areas where severe ice and snow conditions

e8ist. *he use o a radome results in lower antenna gain.

Tran&'i&&ion Lin *ransmission lines provide the means o coupling the transmitter

and receiver to the antenna. *he radiated output power o the

transmitter will be substantially reduced i the transmission line is

incorrectly used or i length is too long, so precautions should be taken

to use the correct type o line or the radio e%uipment used, and to

keep all transmission line length is short.*ower onsiderationB. "i5e and weight o the antenna and transmission line system.9. *he anticipated wind loading.;. *he re%uired antenna beam stability.

G. *he height necessary to permit the antenna to clear all surrounding

and path obstacles.


39/96

>. olor coding o the tower is considered.C. !rovided with beacon light and lightning protection system

COORDINATES CALCULATION



40/96

GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCE CALCULATION

SITE A5 SITE B5

MAGUINAO1 SAN RAFAEL1

BULACAN P6 CRISOSTOMO1

CABANATUAN CITY1 NUEVA

ECIJA

'ongitudeE B9Q W 'atitudeE B

GC.G


41/96


42/96

tan (YX2 )=[cot (C2)][sin(LatitudeBLatitudeA

2 )cos(LatitudeB+LatitudeA2 ) ]

tan (YX2 )=[cot(0 25'10 ' '

2 )][sin(14 36 58.38 14 25 38.92

2 )cos( 14 36 58.38 +14 25 38.92 2 )]

tan (YX2 )=14.00124822

YX

2 =85 54 53.09

tan (Y+X2 )=[cot (C2)][ cos (LatitudeBLatitudeA

2 )sin(LatitudeB+LatitudeA2 )]

tan (Y+X2 )=[cot(025'10 ' '

2 )][ cos (14 36 58.38 14 25 38.92

2 )sin (14 36 58.38 +14 25 38.922 )]

tan (Y+X

2 )=12905.19828

Y+X

2 =89 59 44.02



43/96

X=(Y+X2 )(YX2 )

X=89 59 44.0285 54 53.09

X=4 4'50.93 ' '

Y=

(Y+X

2

)+

(YX

2

)

Y=89 59 44.02 +85 54 53.09

Y=17554'37.11 ' '

] "ite AE

N(90x )E

S (90x )W

90x=904 4'50.93

' '

90x=85 55'9.07 ' '

N(85 55'9.07 ' ')ES (85 55'9.07 ' ') W



44/96

] "ite &E

N(Y90 )E

S (Y90 ) W

Y90=175 54'37.11 ' '90

Y90=8554'37.11 ' '

N(8554'37.11 ' ')ES (8554'37.11 ' ') W



45/96

ANTENNA HEIGHT CALCULATION

PARAMETERS5

Z +resnel learance,#m$

h Z total height o the obstruction,#m$

hB Ztotal height elevation at the lower site,#m$

h9 Z total height elevation at the higher site,#m$

6 Z total distance #km$

dB Z distance o less elevated site to obstruction,#km$

d9 Z distance o more elevated site to obstruction,#km$

aBZ antenna height o less elevated site,#m$

a9 Z antenna height o more elevated site,#m$

*.:. Z *ree :rowth, B< meters

eB Z elevation o the less elevated site,#m$

e9 Z elevation o the more elevated site,#m$

e Z elevation o the considered obstruction,#m$

eb Z earth bulge,#m$

er Z elevation o the o the point o reection

U Z efective earth radius actor, G4;

+B Z radius o rst +resnel 5one,#m$

+ Z re%uency rom site A to &, :5

+ Z re%uency rom site & to A, :5



46/96

FORMULAS5

Ear($ Bul" >*?

eb=

d1

d2

12.754

3

Fir&( Fr&nl @on >F


47/96

#=d1(21)

D o+1

1=a1+e1

2=a2+e2



48/96

HOP5 SITE A TO SITE B

Ma"unao1 San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o P6 Cri&o&(o'o1

Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a

Givn5

+ Z F.FGFF

:5

6 Z


49/96

eb

d1

d2

12.754

3

o=eb+eo+!"

eb

40 11

12.75 4

3 o=25.88235+25+15

* 7 =86=8 ' $o 7 86=8 '

+B Z 17.3d1 d2F D Z +B#.J$

+B Z 17.3

(4011)(7.747751) Z

#B>.9.9


50/96

B.C9BFZ

10+a( 1)

(25+a1)$

11

J>9;< Y B Y aB

a< 7 :969:


51/96

HOP5 SITE B TO SITE A

P6 Cri&o&(o'o1 Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a (o Ma"unao1

San Ra!al1 Bulacan

Givn5

+ Z >.


52/96

eb

22.5 4

12.75 4

3 o=25.88235+25+15

* 7 =86=8 ' $o 7 86=8 '

+B Z 17.3

d1 d2

F ' D Z +B#.J$

+B Z 17.3 (1140)(8.0590251) Z #BF.>CCF9$

#.J$

+BZBF.>CCF9m Z

B.F;C>;BC>m

Z d1(21)

D hoY hB



53/96

B.F;C>;BC>Z11[(25+a1)$(10+a1)]

51 J>9;< Y B Y aB

a< 7 6: '

noteE +or sucient allowance4+resnel clearance, use the higher

computed tower height.

VERTICAL PANNING

For'ula&5

%1=%2=tan1(21D )

hBZ height o antenna o less elevated side

h9 Z height o antenna o more elevated side

6 Z distance rom one site to another, #km$

%1=%2=&eti(a)*anning Ang)e



54/96



55/96

VERTICAL PANNING

Givn5

D=50.7915512 km

"ite AE 1=80 m

"ite &E 2=95m

"olutionE

%1=%2=tan1(21D )

%1=%2=tan

1

( 9580

50.7915512 1000

)

%1=%2=0 +01692085883=0 01'0 +92' '



56/96

POINT OF REFLECTION

HOP m ( 1 ft0.3048m )= 262.4671916 ft

h9 Z C


57/96

x=1

D2=

262.4671916 ft

(31.56040672mi +)2=0.2635055953

ft

mi2

-=

2

D2=

311.67979 ft

(31.56040672mi)2=0.3129128944 ft

mi2

,=

1

1+-x=

1

1+0.31291289440.2635055953

,=0.4785319247

d1 Z

, D= (0.4785319247 )


58/96

REFLECTION ANGLE

Givn5

1=80m dBZ 9G.;FJkm erZBm

2=95m d9Z 9J.G>JBF9GGkm U Z4

3

eb

d1 d2

12.75 .

eb

24.30537876x 26.48617244

12.75 4

3



59/96

* 7 :69= '

%A=tan1(1eebd

1)

%A=tan1( 801037.868026624.30537876 )

%A=5030'5+28

%B=tan1(2eebd2 )

%B=tan1( 901037.868026626.48617244 )

%B=62 43'13 + 44

ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES

FORMULAS5

O%"n A*&or#(ion Lo&& >Ao?

AO 7[7.19x103+ 6.09f2+0.227+ 4.81

( f57 )2+1.5 ]x f2x 103x DPro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1

Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43


60/96

3a(r Va#or Lo&& >AH=O?

AH=O 7

f22.3 2+7.3

183.3f

2+6x f2x 12x104x D

0.067+3

Rain!all A((nua(ion >Ar?

M Zlog (10 )log(f)log (10 )log(12)

Y 7

D

1+ D35e

0.015x0

7 log1 [log (.1 )1]x [ log (.1 )log (.2 )]

a 7 aB^ M#aB^ a9$

Ar 7_ 8 U 8 /a



61/96

PARAMETERS USED5

+ Z re%uency rom site A to &, :5

+ Z re%uency rom site & to A, :5

6 Z great circle distance, km

Ao#+$Z o8ygen absorption loss rom site A to &, d&

Ao#+$ Z o8ygen absorption loss rom site & to A, d&

A9?#+$ Z water vapor loss rom site A to &, d&

A9?#+$ Z water vapor loss rom site & to A, d&

Ar#+$ Zrainall attenuation rom site A to &,d&

Ar#+$ Zrainall attenuation rom site & to A,d&

/ Z rainall amount, mm4hr

A'#+$ Zatmospheric loss rom site A to &, d&

A'#+$ Zatmospheric loss rom site & to A, d&



62/96




Givn5

+ Z F.FGFF :5

6 Z


63/96

AH=O7

7.747722.32+7.3

183.3

7.74777

2+6

0.067+3

x (7.7477)2x12x10

4x 50.7915512

AH=O>F? 7 96=;8


64/96


65/96



San Ra!al1 Bulacan

Givn5

+ Z >.


66/96

AH=O>F? 7 96=9:8AR?

RZ ;F< mm4month ``rainall values acc. to !A:A"A

RZ ;F< mm4month 8 #B month4; days$ 8 #B day49G hrs.$

R7 .;;;;;; mm4hr

M 7log (7 )log (8.05902 )

log (7 )log (8 )

M>F? 7 969=;9>F `` &ased on /egression oecient *able

U9 Z .;C< `` &ased on /egression oecient *able

7 log1 [ log (0.00887 )0.03294031718 ]x [ log (0.00887 )log (0.00395 )]

>F? 7 96


67/96

a9 ZB.;9F `` &ased on /egression oecient *able

a 7 B.9FJ^ 0.03294031718 #B.9FJ^ B.;9F$

a>F?78 .B>;>FJ9

AL>F? 7 =69;:9:8 )B



68/96

TRANSMISSION CALCULATIONS

Para'(r& U&)5

+ Z +re%uency rom "ite A-:5$

+Z +re%uency rom "ite &-A#:5$

6 Z 6istance #km$

!tZ *ransmitted !ower #d&m$ ` radio specication

& Z Antenna 6iameter #m$ ` antenna specication

7'Z 7nsertion 'oss #d&$ `connector specication

A+ Z Attenuation +actor #d&4m$ ` waveguide specication

)' Z )aveguide 'ength #m$

/' Z /adome 'oss #d&$ ` radome specication



69/96

AM' Z Antenna Misalignment 'oss #d&$ #.9< d&$

7* Z 7mprovement *hreshold #d&m$ ` radio specication

*+' Z *otal +i8ed 'oss #d&$

(!' Z (et !ath 'oss #d&$

+"' Z +ree "pace 'oss #d&$

A: Z Antenna :ain #d&$

/"' Z /eceive "ignal 'evel #d&m$

+M Z +ade Margin #d&$

For'ula&

A"=20logF+20log B+17 +8

!ota)"ain= [A" ] [2]

!an2mi22ion Line Lo22= [AF] [WL ]

WL=antennaeigt+a))o3an(e (5m)

!ota)Lo22=[!LL!X]+[!LL0X]+ [2 ] [0L ]+ [A1L]+[4 ] [4L]

Fee S5a(e Lo22=20logF+20 logD+92 +44

!ota) Lo22=!FL+FSL+AL

Net *at Lo22=|!"!L|

0e(ei6ed Signa) Le6e)=*tN*L



70/96

Fade1agin=0SL4!



71/96




GIVEN5

+ ZF.FGFF:5

6 Z J d&m

A' #+$Z ;.9;F;;G>>

d&

/' Z .> d&

AM' Z .9< d&

WL!X

Z F d&4m

7'Z .B d&

A"=20logF+20log B+17 +8

A: Z 9 log #F.FGFF$ Y 9 log #B.>$ Y BF.>

AG >F? 7 96;99= )B

!ota)"ain= [A "(F)][2]

*: Z #G.J>>CJ9$ #9$

TG>F?7


72/96

!an2mi22ion LineLo22=[A F(F)][WL ]

!LL!X/ x(F) Z [.>\ [FF?Z 9 log #F.FGFF$ Y 9 log #


73/96

(!'>F?Z 3>B.;FF>B9G^ B.;;B>C3

NPL>F?7 :688=9 )B

0e(ei6edSigna) Le6e)=*t $ N*L

/"'>F?Z 9> ^ FJ.JF?7 2688=9 )B'

Fade1agin=0S L(F)4!

+M>F?Z -G>.JJ$

FM>F?7 :6:;


74/96



San Ra!al1 Bulacan

GIVEN5

+Z >. d&

AM' Z .9< d&

WL!X

Z FF? Z .


75/96

!an2mi22ion Line Lo22= [AF] [WL ]

!LL!X/0X(F ) Z [.F?Z 9 log #>.


76/96

Net *at Lo22=|!"!L|

(!'>F?Z 3>9.J9B>C


77/96

SYSTEM ANALYSIS CALCULATION

Para'(r& U&)5

!B Z !t Z *ransmitted ?utput !ower in #d&m$ #"ee radio

specications$

!;Z 07/! Z 0fective 7sotropic /adiated !ower #d&m$

!GZ 7/' Z 7sotropic /eceived 'evel #d&m$

!JZ /"' Z /eceived "ignal 'evel #d&m$

*'' Z *ransmission 'ine 'oss #d&$

A:t84r8Z Antenna :ain #d&$

/' Z /adome 'oss

+"' Z +ree "pace 'oss #d&$

7* Z 7mprovement *hreshold #d&m$ #"ee radio specications$

+M Z +ade Margin #d&$

AM'Z Antenna Misalignment .9< #d&$ #&yE Manny /ule$

7'Z 7nsertion 'oss



78/96

A'Z Atmospheric 'oss

=ndpZ non- diversity probability or a given path

a Z roughness actor4 terrain characteristicsH B or average

terrain

b Z climate actor4 characteristicsH .9< or !hilippines

#tropical$




GIVEN5

+ZF.FGFF

!*Z 9> d&m

A: >F? ZG.J>>CJ9

d&

+"'>F? Z BGG.9CC9>d&



79/96

*1=*!=28dBm

*2=*1!LL!X - 9#7'$

*2=23 +57 dBm

*3=*2+A"

*3=64 +25890602dBm

*4=*3FSLAL0L

*4=83 +86411297 dBm

*5=*4+A"

*5=43.17520695 dBm

*6=*5!LL0X 97' 0LA1L

*6=48 +65520695dBm7 0SL

FM 7 48.65520695 - #->J$



80/96

FM>F?7 :6:;98 )B



San Ra!al1 Bulacan

:7P0(E

+Z>. d&m

A:>F? ZGB.;BCGFG

!LL!X(F ) Z



81/96

d&

+"'>F? Z

BGG.JGBGFG9d&

A'>F? Z9.;CJFF


82/96

*6=*5!LL0X

97'

0LA1L

*6=47 +33645541dBm7 0SL

FM 7 47.33645541 - #->J$

FM>F?7 688; )B



83/96

SPACE DIVERSITY TRNASMISSION CALCULATION

Para'(r& U&)5

UNDP 7 =navailability or (on-diversity !ropagation

ISD 7 "pace 6iversity 7mprovement +actor

USDP 7=navailability or "pace 6iversity !ropagation

F1 7 'ower +ade Margin

F1= igher +ade Margin

S 7 Antenna spacing in site &

S 7 Antenna spacing in site A

8 Z )avelength o +#F.FGFF:5$

8 Z )avelength o +#>.


84/96

For'ula&5

UNDP 7 a * ! >GH?-'?

>


85/96

Givn5

6Z.JFGG m

7 86=8 '

Tran&'i&&ion lin lo&& !or &i( A& )ivr&i(% 3av"ui)

!LL0XSD(F ') ZA+8)'

!LL0XSD(F ') Z


86/96

!LL0XSD(F ') 7 6=


87/96

!LL0XSD Z 6=:=


88/96

*3=64 +25890602dBm

*4=*3FSLAL0L

*4=83 +86411297 dBm

*5=*4+A"

*5=43.17520695 dBm

*6=*5!LL0X SD(F) 97' 0LA1L

*6=47 +51302871dBm 7 0SL

FM 7 47.51302871dB - #->J$

FM 7 6;:


89/96



San Ra!al1 Bulacan

*1=*!=28dBm

*2=*1!LL!X - 9#7'$

*2=23 +70125 dBm



90/96

*3=*2+A"

*3=64 +73234477 dBm

*4=*3FSLAL0L

*4=83 +01880018 dBm

*5=*4+A"

*5=41.98770541 dBm

*6=*5!LL0X SD(F ') 97' 0LA1L

*6=46 +27108089 dBm7 0SL

FM 7 46.27108089 2 >2?

FM 7 ;6:=;


91/96



Givn5

+Z F.FGFF#:5$

aZB

b Z .9

Microwave Design (Niko Format)

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