Microbiota en gedrag

Yakult seminar “Gut – brain – microbiota” – Almere – 13-Oct-2016 © Beneficial Microbes Consultancy

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Het effect van het microbioom op gedrag – van wetenschap naar praktijk (en weer terug)

Koen Venema

Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Wageningen, The

Netherlands, [email protected]


2

• initiator and organisor of the

Beneficial Microbes Conference series

• editor-in-chief of the journal

Beneficial Microbes

• founder and CEO of

Beneficial Microbes Consultancy

2008 2010

2012

10-12 Oct. 2016

2015


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Waar gaan we het vandaag over hebben?


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Tijdens deze gast lezing zal ik een uitleggen wat microbiota en

probiotica zijn en doen en tevens uitleggen waarom het nodig is om in

multidisciplinaire teams de rol van de microbiota en probiotica op

moderne ziektes en aandoeningen, zoals overgewicht, allergiën,

inflammatoire ziektes, autisme, gedrag, depressie, etc., te onderzoeken.

Verwacht een combi van een klein beetje hard-core science met enkele

interessante feiten en af en toe wat humor.

“If you don't like bacteria, you're on the wrong planet.”

― Stewart Brand

“Wanneer je al het meercellige leven van de aarde zou

wegvagen, zou het microbiële leven waarschijnlijk een

klein beetje verschuiven. Verdwijnt het microbiële

leven, dan betekent dat de onmiddelijke dood voor

onze planeet.”

― Carl Woese


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Als kinderen geboren worden, komen ze uit een relatief steriele omgeving van de baarmoeder in een wereld vol met bacteriën…


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Script van deel 1 van de presentatie

Microbiota

aandacht in de wetenschap

rol van microbiota bij ziekte en gezondheid

hoe ziet onze microbiota er nu uit?

ontwikkeling microbiota van jong tot oud

probiotica

prebiotica

feces transplantatie (repoopulate)

niet alle probiotica zijn hetzelfde

Take home messages deel 1


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Microbiota in de (wetenschappelijke) pers

https://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjL_f7crdXPAhXM6xoKHZbNCbgQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FLet-Them-Eat-Dirt-Oversanitized-ebook%2Fdp%2FB01BL0YHCE&psig=AFQjCNGNnylZZZKUqdMx89igUTIBdB_kMQ&ust=1476364827217479


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9


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.... want de microbiota is betrokken bij:

- colon kanker

- inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

- allergie (huid, luchtwegen)

- overgewicht

- type I en II diabetes

- levensduur

- prikkelbaar darm syndroom (IBS)

- angst en depressie

- brein ontwikkeling en cognitie

- autisme

- Parkinson’s

- Alzheimer’s

- .....

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Current Research and Future Trends

2015. Eds. K. Venema & A.P. do Carmo


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Het aantal bacteriën in de darm is 10x zo veel als onze eigen lichaamscellen Volwassenen kunnen ~ 1 kg darmbacteriën met zich meedragen We deponeren per jaar ons eigen gewicht aan bacteriën in het toilet Als we 70 zijn komt dat overeen met 12 olifanten > 50% van feces is bacteriën (natgewicht) Elk persoon heeft meer darm bacteriën dan het aantal mensen dat er ooit op deze planeet geleefd heeft 400 - >1000 species

“Soundbites”

Courtesy of Roderick Mackie / Glenn Gibson


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De darm microbiota is noodzakelijk voor:

- ontwikkeling van de darm

- ontwikkelen en trainen van het immuun systeem (70% van het immuun systeem

zit in de darmen)

- het produceren van vitamines (o.a. vit. K)

- het produceren van zogenaamde korte-keten vetzuren (SCFA; azijnzuur,

propionzuur en boterzuur); waarvan boterzuur als meest belangrijkste geacht

wordt, omdat microbieel boterzuur verantwoordelijk is voor ~70% van de totale

energiebron van het epitheel van de dikke darm

- kolonisatie resistentie

- door competitie voor nutrienten

- door competitie voor aanhechtingsplaatsen

- door productie van SCFA, waardoor lage pH

- door productie bacteriocines


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“Exposed to a world of micro-organisms”

• Totale oppervlak van de darm is de grootte van een tennis court

• Dus dit moet goed verdedigd worden tegen indringers


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Dit is waar uw lunch

nu is, met uw levende

bacteriele gasten


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Bacteriën strijden om de aanhechting aan darm-epitheel


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Als kinderen geboren worden, komen ze uit een relatief steriele omgeving van de baarmoeder in een wereld vol met bacteriën…


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Moedermelk als een bron van gezonde bacteriën

Probiotica


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microbiota

verstoring

microbiota

verstoring

ontsteking


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Ziekte van Crohn

gereduceerde microbiele

genen diversiteit


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Microbiota en overgewicht/obesitas


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microbiota

verstoring

microbiota

verstoring

overgewicht


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Kunnen we (een aantal van) die ziektes managen?


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Probiotics: definition

live microorganisms which, when administered in

adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host FAO/WHO 2001


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<105

106

107

108

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CF

U/m

l

Niet alle probiotica zijn gelijk! Slide van Ger Rijkers

#55

#22

#36

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (hrs)

Lactobacillus acidophilus


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Hoe werken probiotica? Hoe kunnen op het brein inwerken als ze in de darm zitten?

barrier/

mucosal

integrity

lumen/

resilience

immune system dendritic cell

epithelial

cell

microbiota

probiotics


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Hoe kies je dan het juiste probiotica?

Courtesy of Ger Rijkers


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Hoe blijf je op de hoogte?

Welke publicaties zijn van goede kwaliteit?

Wat voor type bewijs is voldoende?


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Graad A

Graad B

Graad C

Graad D

Aanbeveling op basis van bewijs

Systematische review of meta-analyse

(minstens) 1 RCT

(minstens) 1 goed opgezette en

gecontroleerde studie

(minstens) 1 cohort studie

Goed opgezette beschrijvende

studies, case control, case series

Verslagen van expert comitees,

klinishe ervaring van experts


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Zijn DBPCRT altijd nodig? Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trials

Courtesy of Eric Claassen


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Zijn DBPCRT altijd nodig? Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trials

DBPCRT leveren graad A bewijs en zijn het meest overtuigend....

.... als ze op de juiste manier uitgevoerd worden!


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Prebiotics: definition

a selectively fermented ingredient *

that results in specific changes in

the composition and/or activity of

the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus

conferring benefit(s) upon host

health

* largely restricted to carbohydrates until now Blatchford, Venema and others 2014, Intl J Probiotics Prebiotics 8(4)


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Effect van probiotica op maagdarm ziektes


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Effect van soort probiotica n


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■ genome stability

Sybesma et al. AEM 2013


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Antibiotica gebruik & C. difficile

C. difficile

bacterie


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• C. difficile vaak ongevoelig voor antibiotica

• dat is juist de reden dat na een antibioticum kuur C.diff

uitgroeit

• en is tegelijk de reden dat een volgende antibioticum kuur niet

goed helpt

• veel patienten hebben recidiverende C.diff infecties

• soms/vaak zijn die levensbedreigend

• vaak is dan de enige optie nog .....

• FECES TRANSPLANTATIE

• cure-rate van ~90% !!

• geen medicijn is zo goed !

Antibiotica gebruik & C. difficile


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Feces transplantaties.....

....


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Graad A

Graad B

Graad C

Graad D


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Do you (have to) believe what a company tells you?

Wanneer geen probiotica? immunocompromised?

kritiek zieke mensen?

zeer jong kinderen?

ouderen met een verminderde

weerstand?

zwangere vrouwen?

In veel van deze gevallen worden probiotica al

gebruikt.


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50


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understatement

Bij veel van de hedendaagse problemen kunnen probiotica een

gezonde bijdrage leveren


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Wrap up and Take home messages


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Conclusies Deel 1

• Probiotica werken! Maar het maakt

wel uit welke stam (of mengsel) je

kiest.


54


gut-brain axis

rol van microbiota

preclinische aanwijzingen

klinische studies

niet alle probiotica zijn hetzelfde

Take home messages deel 2


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.... want de microbiota is betrokken bij:

- colon kanker

- inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

- allergie (huid, luchtwegen)

- overgewicht

- type I en II diabetes

- levensduur

- prikkelbaar darm syndroom (IBS)

- brein ontwikkeling en cognitie

- autisme

- .....

control rat autistic rat


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Anxiety

BALB/c SPF mice w/o antibiotics

ATM = neomycin 5 mg/mL, bacitracin 5 mg/mL, and pimaricin 1.25 μg/mL After ATM: more explorative


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Anxiety

BALB/c SPF mice w/o antibiotics

After ATM: biochemical

changes in the brain. BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,

a protein which is active in areas vital to

learning, memory, and higher thinking


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Anxiety – microbiota transplant


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Anxiety – microbiota transplant


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Birth delivery mode alters anxiety-like behaviour (8-9 wks)

Original setup

Natural birth Cross-fostered C-section

marble bury test


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Stress alters the gut-brain axis

cortisol

cytokines

adrenocorticotropic hormone

serotonin (5-HT)

barrier function of the gut

Increased permeability

translocation of endotoxin

increased colonic transit

mucosal inflammation

changes in colonic morphology

etc.

Altered levels and metabolism of:

Altered:

bi-directional

crosstalk


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Immune

O’Mahony et al. Psychopharmacology (2011)

Endocrine Visceral Pain

Open Field Increased colonic transit, intestinal permeability, mucosal inflammation, colonic

morphology (O’Malley et al., 2010, Stress)


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Autism Spectrum Disorders

control rat autistic rat + PA

Single intracerebroventricular (ICV)

infusions (4 µL of 0.26 M solution over

4 min) of propionic acid (PA)


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http://apc.ucc.ie

Desbonnet et al 2014


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Social deficit after propionate infusion

control rat autistic rat + PA

Single intracerebroventricular (ICV)

infusions (4 µL of 0.26 M solution over

4 min) of propionic acid (PA)


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Odds Ratio: 1.23

(1.07, 1.40)

1,191,920

participants,

12,897 of which

had ASD


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Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by region-specific loss of dopaminergic neuromelanin-containing neurons in the brain Parkinson’s disease patients suffer from gastrointestinal discomfort nearly half of all Parkinson’s disease patients report long-term constipation Parkinson’s disease patients had a significantly increased intestinal permeability Future studies might elucidate further links between gut and brain function in Parkinson’s disease, and should preferably comprise investigations of the gut microbiota. Pro- and/or prebiotics that strengthen the epithelial barrier function might be beneficial to these patients


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Amyloid protein precursor (APP) is a pivotal protein in the formation of the plaque-inducing amyloid-β protein, which causes neuronal degeneration in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients systemic administration of LPS in mice has been shown to increase APP expression and caused neuronal cell death significantly increased plasma levels of LPS in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with healthy controls were detected, which might suggest that Alzheimer’s disease patients suffer from elevated intestinal permeability Pro and/or prebiotics that have an anti-inflammatory effect or reduce bacterial and/or LPS translocation might be beneficial for these patients

Alzheimer’s disease


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Probiotic alters GABA

receptors in various

brain areas

Bravo et al., PNAS Sept 2011

L. rhamnosus JB-1 reduces anxiety and

behavioural despair


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Defensive Marble Burying

Elevated Plus Maze

174 1205

Esc = escitalopram


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Lo

g1

0 [

Late

ncy]

(s)

Wat

er/S

al

Wat

er/L

PS

BGOS/S

al

BGOS/L

PS

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0*

**

Tim

e in

lig

ht

(s)

Wat

er/S

al

Wat

er/L

PS

BGOS/S

al

BGOS/L

PS

0

25

50

75

100 **

*

Prebiotic BGOS feeding is anxiolytic less anxious


72

[BD

NF

](p

g/m

g p

roti

en

)

frontal cortex hippocampus

0

50

100

150

200 *water

FOS

GOS

Anxiolytic changes coincided with

changes in brain biochemistry, and....


73

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6 *

* [T

NF

a ](

pg

/mg

pro

tein

)

0

2

4

6

8 ** *

[IL

1 b ](

pg

/mg

pro

tein

)

0.00

1.75

3.50

5.25

7.00

*

[IL

6](

pg

/mg

pro

tein

)

0.0

3.5

7.0

10.5

14.0

[IL

10](

pg

/mg

pro

tein

)

.... a reduction in inflammatory cytokines


74

Human trials


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Human trials (1)

in order of publication date

• 124 healthy volunteers; mean age 61.8 years

• Double-blind, placebo (milk) controlled study

• Lactobacillus casei Shirota in milk-drink for 3

weeks

• Mood and cognition were measured at baseline,

and after 10 and 20 days of consumption.


76

Human trials (1); LcS

POMS = profile of mood state

• An unexpected finding was that

the consumption of probiotics

resulted in a slightly-poorer

performance on two measures

of memory.


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• 31 chronic fatigue syndrome patients

• RDBPC study

• Lactobacillus casei Shirota in sachet-format for 8

weeks

• Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck

Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at baseline and after 8 w.

Human trials (2)


78

Human trials (2); LcS

• there was a significant improvement in anxiety among those taking the

active LcS compared to the placebo. The differences as assessed by the

BDI did not reach statistical significance.

BDI: a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for

measuring the severity of depression

BAI: is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of anxiety in

children and adults


79

• 55 volunteers with a score of ≤12 in the HADS-

anxiety subscale and in the HADS-depression

subscale and ≤ 20 in the HADS total score on initial

examination

• RDBPC study

• L.helveticus R0052 + B. longum R0175 in a stick

format, or placebo (xylitol, maltodextrin, plum

flavour and malic acid) for 30 days

• Tests: HSCL-90; HADS; PSS, CCL

• Urinary cortisol

Human trials (3)


80

Human trials (3); L.h R0052 / B.l R0175

Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90.The HSCL-90 is a 90-item self-reported

multidimensional questionnaire screening a broad range of psychopathological

disorders

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: The HADS, is a 14-item self-assessment

instrument, often applied and convenient for measuring psychological distress in

subjects with somatic or psychosomatic disorders

Perceived Stress Scale: The PSS is a 14-item self-reported questionnaire

assessing the degree to which recent life situations are appraised as stressful

Coping Checklist: The CCL is a validated 29-item questionnaire measuring five

types of coping strategies when confronting an adverse event: ‘problem solving’;

‘avoidance with wishful thinking’; ‘seeks social support’; ‘positive re-evaluation’;

‘self-blamed’.


81

Human trials (3); L.h R0052 / B.l R0175

Probiotics-treated subjects had a lower global severity index of the HSCL-90 over

time, due to lower values for somatisation, depression and anger–hostility.

The potential usefulness of the probiotics as an anti-stress/anti-anxiety agent was

supported by diminished HADS global scores over time.

Taken together, probiotics appears to show a beneficial effect on general signs of

anxiety and depression, but this did not generalise to the PSS, although all three

tests comprise self-reported measures.

In the CCL test the two groups differed in emotional reactivity, with subjects

administered probiotics reducing their self-blame score.

L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175 taken in combination display

beneficial psychological effects in healthy human volunteers


82

• Same study as the previous one, but now in a

subpopulation of 25 subjects with urinary free

cortisol (UFC) levels less than 50 ng/ml at baseline

• More scores were beneficially affected by the

probiotics in this subpopulation

Human trials (3a)


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• 36 healthy women, age 30 y +/- 10.4

• RDBPC study

• B. animalis subsp lactis DN-173 010, Streptococcus

thermophilus CNCM I-1630, 2 strains of L. bulgaricus,

CNCM I-1632 and CNCM I-1519 and Lactococcus lactis

subsp lactis CNCM I-1631 fermented milk, non-

fermented milk or no intervention for 4 weeks

• functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after

the intervention to measure brain response to an

emotional faces attention task and resting brain activity.

Human trials (4)


84

Human trials (4)

A fermented milk product with probiotic resulted in robust alterations in the

response of a widely distributed brain network to a validated task probing

attention to negative context, which have been associated with the dampening

of emotional and sensory responsiveness.


85

• 44 university students who performed strenuous

exercise daily

• RDBPC study

• Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809, OLL2809 + α-

lactalbumin, or placebo for 4 weeks

• Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire

Human trials (5)


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Human trials (5)

LG2809 ingestion was effective in elevating mood from a depressed state.


87

• 224 healthy volunteers

• RDBPC study

• yogurt containing L. gasseri SBT2055 and B.

longum SBT2928, or control yoghurt for 12 weeks

• levels of two stress-induced hormones,

adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol

Human trials (6)


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Human trials (6)

These results suggest that the probiotic-containing test yogurt confers

health benefits by alleviating stress.

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiRor68h5HNAhWD6xQKHY7kBDoQjRwIBw&url=http://www.trademarkia.com/company-megmilk-snow-brand-co-ltd-3831894-page-1-2&bvm=bv.123664746,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNEZfLg6eZw1GZzBvbgbH7YQfYOlLQ&ust=1465222000297612


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• 50 healthy participants, mean age 23.22 years

• RDBPC study

• two strains of L. acidophilus CUL60 and CUL21,

B.lactis CUL34 and B.bifidum CUL20 in a capsule, or

placebo for 6 weeks

• anxiety levels decreased in the probiotic condition

whilst increasing in the placebo condition (p=0.042).

• ‘continuity of attention’ increased in response to the

probiotic treatment and decreased with the placebo

• group (p=0.035)

Human trials (7)

Abstract


90

• 75 infants

• RDBPC study

• L. rhamnosus GG or placebo during the first 6 months

of life

• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and

Asperger syndrome (AS)

• At the age of 13 y, ADHD or AS was diagnosed in 6/35

(17.1%) children in the placebo and none in the

probiotic group (P = 0.008).

Human trials (8)


91

• 40 healthy participants without current mood disorder

• RTBPC study

• a multispecies probiotic containing B. bifidum W23,

B.lactis W52, L.acidophilus W37, L.brevis W63,

L.casei W56, L.salivarius W24, and 2 strains of

Lactococcus lactis W19 and W58 in a sachet, or

placebo

• cognitive reactivity to sad mood was assessed using

the revised Leiden index of depression sensitivity

scale

Human trials (9)


92

Human trials (9)

The LEIDS-r is a self-reported

questionnaire with 34 items that

assesses to what extent

dysfunctional thoughts are

activated when experiencing mild

dysphoria

(i.e., it measures cognitive

reactivity to sad mood, also

referred to as vulnerability to

depression).

Rumination is the compulsively focused attention on the

symptoms of one's distress, and on its possible causes

and consequences, as opposed to its solutions.


93

• 30 patients with laryngeal cancer

• RDBPC study

• Unknown strain of Clostridium butyricum for 2

weeks, twice a day in a capsule, or placebo

• Serum corticotropin-releasing factor

• The degree of anxiety assessed by the Hamilton

Anxiety Scale (HAMA)

Human trials (10)


94

Human trials (10) m

Probiotics can ameliorate the clinical anxiety and biochemical features

of stress in patients scheduled for laryngectomy (and other surgery?)


95

• 45 healthy medical students under academic

examination stress

• RDBPC study

• L.casei Shirota fermented milk, or placebo for 8

weeks prior to taking national exam

• Subjective anxiety scores

• Salivary cortisol levels

• The presence of physical symptoms

Human trials (11)

[Epub ahead of print]


96

Human trials (11)

LcS may prevent hypersecretion of cortisol and physical symptoms (not shown

in this presentation) under stressful conditions, possibly through vagal afferent

signaling to the brain and reduced stress reactivity in the brain (the latter based

on a parallel rat study)


97

• 45 healthy volunteers with no history of psychiatric

disorders

• Double-blind, placebo (maltodextrin) controlled

study

• FOS, Bimuno®-galacto-oligosaccharides, or

maltodextrin, daily for 3 weeks

• Awakening salivary cortisol measured on day 0 and

day 21

• Emotional test battery on day 21

Human trials (12); prebiotic


98

Dot-probe task:

Attention to positive

stimuli is increased

BGOS reduces awakening cortisol and increases attention to positive

stimuli in healthy volunteers

Human trials (12); prebiotic


99

Other things that could not be covered in this presentation

The gut microbiota produces other neuromodulatory molecules, such as

serotonin, GABA, melatonin

The gut microbiota is involved in brain development and cognition

The gut microbiota affects the blood brain barrier

Since pro- & prebiotics modulate the gut microbiota composition and

activity, they may also be involved in happiness, trustworthiness,

depression, sleeping, etc. … **

… in addition to anxiety, stress and autism

There is still room for mouse-models to study these gut microbiota-brain

interactions

** time for an anekdote?


100



101

Conclusions Part 2

• The gut microbiota is involved in brain functioning

• Pro-, pre- (and synbiotics) modulate the gut microbiota and

thereby can influence brain functioning as well

• Although mostly evidenced in animal studies, some clinical trials

show very promising results


102


hoe werkt dat nou?

wat kan ik er mee in de praktijk

take home messages deel 3


103

Bepalen onze bacteriën in de darm wat we

in de supermarkt uit de schappen halen?


104

Hoe werken probiotica? Hoe kunnen op het brein inwerken als ze in de darm zitten?


105

bi-directional

crosstalk 100 trillion bacteria

60-70% of immune cells

100 billion neuronal cells

communication from gut to brain

communication from brain to gut


106

1. Stress

a) barrier

b) transit

c) microbiota

2. Food intake

a) satiety

b) mood

3. Immunomodulation

a) cytokines via blood

4. Metabolite production

a) SCFA, GABA, 5-HT, etc

b) via blood, immune cells, ENS

5. Interaction with ENS

a) via vagus nerve

b) via blood

1 2 3 4 5


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108


109


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Potential effects of pro- and prebiotics also, e.g., obesity, allergy, infection

also, e.g, inflammation

also, e.g., obesity, allergy, inflammation

but also, role in prevention of weight gain

also, e.g., kidney failure

e.g., IBS


111


112

Saccharolytic and proteolytic activity

• Saccharolysis leads primarily to SCFA and gasses

• SCFA: acetate, propionate, butyrate

• lactate -> only accumulates when there

is a fast fermentation

• CO2, CH4, H2

• Proteolysis in addition leads to toxic metabolites

• BCFA: iso-butyrate, iso-valerate

• ammonia

• phenolics: phenol, indol, p-cresol, skatol

• H2S, CH3SH, etc


113

Colonic metabolites some examples

• Butyrate:

• 70% of the fuel of colonocytes

• lack -> epithelial atrophy

• reduces cancer promotion in transformed tissue

• possibly reverses transformation by induction of

differentiation

• H2S, CH3SH:

• block butyrate oxidation

• ammonia:

• liver cirrhosis

• etc.

113 Experimental Biology 2012, San Diego, CA, USA -- April 23 -- © TNO


114

Prolonged carbohydrate fermentation

proximal colon: primarily saccharolytic

fermentation

transverse colon: combination of saccharolytic

and proteolytic fermentation

distal colon: primarily proteolytic fermentation

distal colon: colon cancer and IBD


115

microbiota host

Host – microbe interaction :

relevance for brain health


116

Figure 1. Interactions between diet, the host and gut microbiome at the metabolite level.

diet fermentation by

gut microbiota

microbial

metabolites

tissue and organ

metabolism

host physiological

response

http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/d/d4/Butyric-acid-3D-balls.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Propionic-acid-3D-balls.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Acetic-acid-CRC-GED-3D-balls-B.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png


117

Dieet-adviezen?

Afhankelijk van achterliggend probleem

overgewicht/obesitas

prikkelbare darm

coeliakie

darmontsteking

allergie

In bijna alle gevallen (behalve autisme)

vezels (groeibron voor microbiota -> SCFA, etc.)

Probiotica

diarree, constipatie

ontstekingsproblemen (huid, luchtwegen, darm)

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http://www.crafthubs.com/apple-a-day/15202&bvm=bv.133700528,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNF0pQL3_TPuIS1cqAJ4pNY9lr4icQ&ust=1474727910122844

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwily_3-26XPAhUFcRQKHRZ2DQIQjRwIBw&url=http://www.indiamart.com/rc-udyog/products.html&bvm=bv.133700528,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNELNkOg774kXOSeH4iujYl5S9NfLA&ust=1474727979026025

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwil-q-13KXPAhWKshQKHbH_BCYQjRwIBw&url=http://www.freeiconspng.com/png-images/food-png&psig=AFQjCNG0Y1JgpbbSmy1whJOlsE443RJjpg&ust=1474728016158137

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwipncTH26XPAhUBXhQKHSQ1AXAQjRwIBw&url=http://rebloggy.com/post/food-png-transparent-cherries/32868666244&psig=AFQjCNGlkgMHh0WYvY9Z86YKo6aDiVL9Dg&ust=1474727850038997


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Dieet-adviezen? (2)

Ouderen

goed verteerbaar eiwit

vitaminen

vezels

Brein

mood/humeur -> tryptofaan (aminozuur in eiwit)

memory/geheugen -> probiotica?

ontwikkeling -> PUFAs

Stress (allerlei mogelijke vormen) -> verstoorde darm barriere

probiotica

glucose/glutamine

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http://www.crafthubs.com/apple-a-day/15202&bvm=bv.133700528,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNF0pQL3_TPuIS1cqAJ4pNY9lr4icQ&ust=1474727910122844

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwily_3-26XPAhUFcRQKHRZ2DQIQjRwIBw&url=http://www.indiamart.com/rc-udyog/products.html&bvm=bv.133700528,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNELNkOg774kXOSeH4iujYl5S9NfLA&ust=1474727979026025

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwil-q-13KXPAhWKshQKHbH_BCYQjRwIBw&url=http://www.freeiconspng.com/png-images/food-png&psig=AFQjCNG0Y1JgpbbSmy1whJOlsE443RJjpg&ust=1474728016158137

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwipncTH26XPAhUBXhQKHSQ1AXAQjRwIBw&url=http://rebloggy.com/post/food-png-transparent-cherries/32868666244&psig=AFQjCNGlkgMHh0WYvY9Z86YKo6aDiVL9Dg&ust=1474727850038997


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Conclusions Part 3

• Pro- en prebiotica kunnen op veel verschillende manieren de

darm-brein interactie moduleren.

• Effecten zijn stam-specifiek

• Dieet-advies sterk afhankelijk van achterliggende probleem

• For more information:

[email protected]

[email protected]


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Acknowledgements

• Henrike Hamer

• Steven Vanhoutvin

• Freddy Troost

• Daisy Jonkers

• Robert-Jan Brummer

• Tao He

• Roel Vonk

April 20, 2011 TIFN Satiety

screenings

study

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Dank u hartelijk voor uw aandacht!

Microbiota en gedrag

Presentations & Public Speaking

Transcript of Microbiota en gedrag