Meer Mse Complete

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2013

MEER MUHAMMAD IQBAL

C0408kkkk0413

[CRITICAL EVALUATION OF EXISTING THEORY OFENTREPRENEURSHIP

& CHOICE OF ENTERPRENUERSHIP]

M S E Assignment


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No Contents Page No.

i Executive Summary 31.0 Introduction 4

2.0 Critical Evaluation of Existing Theories of Entrepreneurship 5

2.1 Psychological Theories 5

2.2 Sociological and Anthropological theories 8

2.3 Shifted Entrepreneurial Success Factors 9

3.0 Conclusion 11

4.0 Introduction to Business 12

4.1 Prevention and Detection of crime 12

4.2 Prevention and Reduction of loss waste and damage 13

4.3 Monitoring and responding to safety risks 135.0 Ownership Structure 14

5.1 Legal Aspects 14

5.2 Business Competitors 15

5.3 SWOT 17

5.4 Target Market 18

5.5 Pricing Strategy 18

5.6 Staff Development 19

5.7 Business Strategy 19

5.8 Services Offered by the Business 20

5.9 Financial Plan 21

5.10 Revenue and Sales 225.11 Managing Skills 22

Reference 24

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Security is one of the key problems nowadays. The philosophy of security is from old times

and many years ago it became the need of every one. And is still the need of every one. The

security system was established in United Kingdom in eighteen century. Rich people,

celebrities and business need security for their property and their lives as it is the treat all over

the world.

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Ownership of the private security company can be a kind sole proprietor business which can

be run by me only. The security personal can be hired with no contract basis and as far

business will grow up we shall start hiring security personals and a manager to deal with

customers and employees working in it.

Construction skills certificate is for those who wish to work as security personal on the

constructions site and other sites relating to construction. The Security Industry Authority

(SIA) is that body which regulates all the rules given by the Private Security Industry in the

U.K. It is an independent body which reports only to the Home Office according to the law

passed in 2001

The tough competitors in the private security industry are G4S, MITIE Total Security

Management and Securitas Security Services Ltd. All these companies are private and are

working for many years in U.K. We will research on the markets where we can expand and

grow. By far now our main focus will be on pubs, bars and construction areas where there is

big need of security staff.

My main pricing strategy will be low charge from the client and a good wage to my employee

and with a minimum commission to myself. According to the above strategy I will be

minimize my commission and charge client with low price than my competitors. My profit

margin will be less than my competitors. According to my experience competition in an

organization is also better for the organization in some ways so that to get best out of every

one. Courses regarding safety and security services will be offered free to our employees to

improve quality of our service and image of the agency.

1.0Introduction

Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive concept that is used in various contexts. Well it is being

developed by entrepreneurs, different characteristics which are found in their personalities.

These capabilities and passion in entrepreneurship illustrates as innovator that bring

something new or unique by combination of different factors. Innovation does not come by

itself actually it comes into shape in different forms that are as follows:

i) Introduction of new goods

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ii) New process of production

iii) Innovative market

iv) Innovative source of supply of production

v) The reformation of any industry.

According to Saha (1989), talented individuals who foresee the profitable opportunities and

utilize it in order to avail this opportunity is called entrepreneurs. While Purhit and Rahman

(1995), stated that simple resources cannot guarantee the growth of economic therefore the

development depends on the slowly progress of the human being that utilize the capital and

resource to make new product or new market and run the business (Frederick and Myers,

1991).

Entrepreneurship is the main point for the development of economic growth that builds

opportunities for trade by discovering and exploring new products, markets and resources

(J.A. Schumpter). Moreover, these activities hold uncertainties and risks meanwhile it

increases the demand for investment. The increased investment demand requires the higher

buildup of capital in order to meet with the economic demand of the country. The boost level

of income and total production of goods and services within economy is the growing effects

of all these factors (Saha, 1989).

Although entrepreneurship is a critical aspect in the economic development method but there

are certain problems associated with opportunities that can be faced in practice such as market

penetration strategies, potential customers, penetration strategies, suppliers of raw materials,

and expert individuals.

2.0 Critical Evaluation of Existing Theories of Entrepreneurship

There are several theories for the development of entrepreneurship for the entrepreneur.

Therefore, the theories have been divided into two group namely sociological &

anthropological and psychological theories that are as follows in detail.

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2.1 Psychological Theories

The main difference of psychological or personal theory in the individuals is the attitude.

According to the theory of attitude in difference includes the internal attitude and ability to

judge and estimate the main condition that can lead a person in becoming a successfulbusiness person i.e. the entrepreneur. There are some vital theories which are discussed under:

The theory of David McClellands came up with the need of achievement which is the main

theory discussed in psychological theories on entrepreneurship. He underlined the theory of

the relationship of achievement motivation or need of achievement that is representing as( n

Ach) to monetary growth via entrepreneurial events. He wrote the presumed mechanism by

which n Achievement level translate itself into economic growth is the entrepreneurial class.

If the n Achievement level is high, there will presumable be more people who behave like

entrepreneurs----- (Islam, 1989).

Agreeing with McClelland, one can expect a fairly huge total of entrepreneurship in humanity

if the normal level of the need for achievement in humanity is fairly high. Having a high n

Ach it helps in encouraging the individuals in challenging and achieving the goal and also it

helps them to use their abilities, knowledge and skills in order to accomplish these goals

(Islam, 1989). However, the internal part of an individual is that it drives them to work harder

and accomplish something for their own interest by taking private risk (Islam and Mamun,

2000).

The theory of need for achievement then reflects to the strong goals orientation, fascination

with the job or task which is to be done. Therefore, the entrepreneur develops the connection

or intervening flexible between need for achievement and economic development.

Consequently, McClelland supports the increasing level of need achievement in a culture

since it stimulates economic development and entrepreneurship (Islam, 1989).

Lastly, conferring to McClelland, the entrepreneurs are highly extended by achievement

enthusiasm and he also emphasized on the inner sense of personal achievement rather than

doing something only for the sake of social status or recognition that motivated individuals to

be entrepreneur (Islam and Mamun, 2000). According to Everett Hagens argument the theory

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of withdrawal of status respect is social changes are that it cause psychological changes in an

individual or in a group or society. He considers that the preliminary state that leads to

eventual-entrepreneurial characters has the loss of status by a group of socialism (Islam,

1989).

According to Hagen the theory of loss of status can occurs in four different ways. These are as

follows:

i) the collection may be displaced by force;

ii) it may have its respected symbols degraded;

iii) it may implication into a situation of position inconsistency and

iv)It may not be recognized in a new culture, and the results or responses of the loss of

status are ritualism, reformism, retreatism, rebellion and innovation. Between these

responses retreatism is the most vital for entrepreneurship. This is since retreatism is

considered by psychological oppression of the disturbance associated with the status

failure. The repressed temper results from the loss of position eventually results in

afterward peer group are values of accomplishment that is being held up by mothers

within the group to their sons.

The reason behind this that the sons becoming innovators is increasing and free enterprise

becomes a possible passage for such propensity (Islam, 1989) . This theory can be analyzed in

two major forms. Firstly this theory is post hoc that means, Hagen has exposed examples of

the removal of position by viewing the first main problem that in which the economic

development happened and fore status formerly viewing the position of losses that have

incurred in the growth. Secondly, the disapproval has positioned long period of time as much

as five or more generations which are required for the withdrawal of status in respect to

appearance of entrepreneurship.

The theory of motive-Acquisition is a reviewed version of McClelland n Ach theory that

states that thinking power, personality, attitude, mentality, etc. are not in born both they are

more elastic and changes the condition easily. So therefore this theory is more helpful in

training along with development programs that effect and encourage individual towards

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achieving the goal by changing their thinking, mentality, attitude etc (Islam and Mamun,

2000).

The theory of risk taking that is familiarized by Richard Cantillon and John Stuart Mill where

they define entrepreneurship as a mentality to take reasonable or intended risk, this is because

many people are taking huge risk and also have excessive responsibilities. In order to perform

these responsibilities a person should take the Internal-External Locus of Control that is

familiarized Professor J.D Rotter of Ohio University highlights the self-confidence of a

person, the dependence on wealth and the exterior environment for suitable entrepreneur.

The theory of internal locus of control i.e. self-confidence, it believes on ones power and

ability that motivated and individual of a person to take the plan for innovation which is very

co-operatives for individual side by side society as well (Islam and Mamun, 2000).

Whereas, Independence Motivation theory is similar to internal and external Locus of control

theory which also emphasizes on independent idea of entrepreneurs. It theory can be

expressed that people having self-confidence, independent thinking, self-controlling ability

ought to avoid public condemnation for becoming an entrepreneur.

Additional psychological theory of entrepreneurship named Creativity or Innovation Theory

that emphasizes the physical presentation as the factor to assess whether an individual is

inventive or not, this is because inventive individual use their thinking ability and talents to

create new ideas and views that help them to find different techniques of training. On the

opposing, Power Motivation Theory has given importance on the specialist to do a convinced

task properly. Particularly for entrepreneurship development personal power, this is connected

to self-interest which is important.

2.2 Sociological and Anthropological theories

According to Katz et. al., (1991), sociological and anthropological theories are based on

several aspects that create entrepreneur or entrepreneurship in to practice. Since, socio-

cultural factors have extensive influence on the creation of entrepreneurial. On the other hand,

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Islam (1989) stated that cultural and social factors put forward high value for risk taking,

innovation that produces the entrepreneurial actions more than contrasting values for

entrepreneur.

Well Max Webers protestant value is one of these ancient theories. According to Weber

protestant or Calvinistic logic and values were influential in promoting entrepreneur

enterprise. In this regard, emphasis was put on the work itself. It means that a persons work

itself is influential factors that can make the things go beyond expectations. However the

experience is a calling act that can make an individual the successful entrepreneur.

Marginal and Tension theory is another type of anthropological theories that was discovered

by Robert Park during 1928. According to Robert Park (1928), that marginal individual is the

person who has committed himself/herself to live in two societies. Hence, both societies are

not different from each others but there is a slight change within each others such as

antagonistic cultures like occidental and oriental cultures. In this type of situations the

marginal individuals connect themselves in businesses where society widely cannot accept

them. Therefore, it is likely to create more entrepreneurs from marginal individuals (Islam and

Mamun, 2000).

The above discussion can be concluded within several variables for the development of

entrepreneurship that are as follows:

necessitate for achievement

removal of status

Training for shifting persons thinking, mentality and attitude

danger taking approach

severe belief over ones ability and power

Creative capability

Personal or Authority power

self-resistant in the case of utilization profit

societal eccentricity

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These variables play an important role in individuals life that becomes the entrepreneur. Well

these variables only explain the initial stages of entrepreneurship development that how and

where a person can become entrepreneur. Meanwhile it cannot guarantee or satisfy the

individuals for post stage of entrepreneurship progress. Therefore, it is impossible to know

that how an entrepreneur uses the resources such as human resource, capital, and risk

management approaches and etc.

2.3 Shifted Entrepreneurial Success Factors

In this section, the author explains those factors that brought success in entrepreneurship

development process. The main purpose of these factors is to overcome the shortcomings that

are associated with psychological and sociological theories and moreover improved

applicability. According to Ahmed (1981), the success factors of entrepreneurship are further

divided into four groups.

Psychological Factors: Following are the variables of psychological factors

Necessitate for achievement

Danger taking approach

Personal or Authority Power

Internal & external loop of control

Motivation for autonomy

Creativity

Need for affiliation

Intelligence

Socio-Cultural Factors: Following are the socio-cultural factors

Religious values

Rural-Urban orientation

Marginality & Tension

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Social cohesion and etc

Personal Factors: Following are the personal factors

Family tradition in business

Previous experience

Birth order

Age at entrepreneurial level

Education and etc

Opportunity Factors: Following are the opportunity factors

Economic opportunities

Peer group assistance

Training opportunities and guidance

Existing schemes of entrepreneurial training and guided entrepreneurship etc

According to Islam and Nazrul (2000), danger taking approach is the important success

factors irrespective of location, business type and its size for the entrepreneurial ship. While

researchers suggested that the risk associated to this factor should be calculated and sensible

in nature. The success of entrepreneurships is not limited to innovativeness or well co-

ordinate persistent actions for something new in fact it depends on the other factors as well

like self awareness, managerial capability and adaptability, self motivation for achievement,

personal initiative, knowledge of market with regards to the demand, technology

development, competition, product development, political and social issues and etc.

It can be concluded that the success factors of entrepreneurship has been shifted from

psychological and personal factors to environmental and managerial factors because of

increased complexity in businesses, demand of products, development of information,

customer satisfaction and globalization of businesses.

3.0 Conclusion

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Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive concept that is used in various contexts. Well it is being

developed by entrepreneurs, different characteristics which are found in their personalities.

These capabilities and passion in entrepreneurship illustrates as innovator that bring

something new or unique by combination of different factors. Entrepreneurship is the main

point for the development of economic growth that builds opportunities for trade by

discovering and exploring new products, markets and resources.

The main difference of psychological or personal theory in the individuals is the attitude.

According to the theory of attitude in difference includes the internal attitude and ability to

judge and estimate the main condition that can lead a person in becoming a successful

business person i.e. the entrepreneur.

According to Katz et. al., (1991), sociological and anthropological theories are based on

several aspects that create entrepreneur or entrepreneurship in to practice. Since, socio-

cultural factors have extensive influence on the creation of entrepreneurial. On the other hand,

Islam (1989) stated that cultural and social factors put forward high value for risk taking,

innovation that produces the entrepreneurial actions more than contrasting values for

entrepreneur.

The success of entrepreneurships is not limited to innovativeness or well co-ordinate

persistent actions for something new in fact it depends on the other factors as well like self

awareness, managerial capability and adaptability, self motivation for achievement, personal

initiative, knowledge of market with regards to the demand, technology development,

competition, product development, political and social issues and etc.

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4.0 Introduction

Security is one of the key problems nowadays. The philosophy of security is from old

times and many years ago it became the need of every one. And is still the need of every

one. The security system was established in United Kingdom in eighteen century. Rich

people, celebrities and business need security for their property and their lives as it is the

treat all over the world. In early time the system of security was to hire watchmen for the

night and the thief taker who used to catch the thieves in day time. It was been hired by

the rich people of that time for the protection of the lives and precious things. All the

security was privately hired so the private security industry started from the early times

too.

The other kind of private security was in the form of bodyguards which started in the era

of roman and Greeks so it was also a kind of private hiring as it was the need at that

time. Now the concept of security has been changed so much all over the world, every

country is in the need of highly trained team of private security organization. The

security service of United Kingdom has been changed so much, now they rely on highly

trained and well managed security organization. They want security firm to be

specialized in their field which could help the security problem in the United Kingdom.There are some points which kept are in mind and special focus must be given as far

private security organizations are concerned:

4.1Prevention and Detection of crime

There are so many means by which crimes can be prevented and can be easily detected.

First of all the uniform of the security gauds get in notice that security is available in the

specific area. CCTV cameras are of great help in preventing the crimes as people sees it

so they get afraid to be caught by the police because it is been watched 24 hours. So

thieves hundred times think before committing the crime in those areas where CCTV

cameras are placed. With the help of these cameras crimes can also be detected by

catching faces of the specific thieves and other who commit crimes.

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supervision, close protection work and vehicle immobilisation and consultancy in the

U.K (Bobby L, 2012).

It is very important to understand the aim and gaols of the private security industry and

for which purpose it is been established because it can help many individuals in making

their career in this industry and can also be advantage for the business especially

multinational businesses.

5.0 Ownership Structure

Ownership of the private security company can be a kind sole proprietor business which

can be run by me only. The security personal can be hired with no contract basis and as

far business will grow up we shall start hiring security personals and a manager to deal

with customers and employees working in it.

5.1 Legal Aspects

Private security industry in unite kingdom is been regulated by the following two bodies:

5.1.1 Construction Skills Certificate (CSCS)Construction skills certificate is for those who wish to work as security personal on the

constructions site and other sites relating to construction. The main purpose of this body

is to train the personal with safety tips for the constructions sites and all to teach them all

the rules and regulations regarding it. Any individual working on those must have this

certificate for the working on these kinds of sites.

5.1.2 Security Industry Authority (SIA)

The Security Industry Authority (SIA) is that body which regulates all the rules given by

the Private Security Industry in the U.K. It is an independent body which reports only to

the Home Office according to the law passed in 2001 (Private Security Industry Act

2001). SIA works is to see whether the private security agencies are working properly or

not and according to the rules given by the U.K government.

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They also measure the quality of the private security agencies. They also sees weather

private security agency is helping public and government in reducing the criminal rate in

the country. The main fundamentals of the SIA is to approve the licences for those

people who wish to work in security agencies and to look over all the contacts with other

private security agencies.

5.2 Business Competitors

The tough competitors in the private security industry are G4S, MITIE Total Security

Management and Securitas Security Services Ltd. All these companies are private and

are working for many years in U.K. It is tough competition going on among them; G4S

was given the security contract by the U.K government for the Olympics 2012. But G4S

failed in doing so, it was one of the big issues in the 2012, as many countries were

coming to the U.K as well as tourist but G4S failed in providing security personals in the

Olympics as it was in the contract.

According to terms and condition they were unable to deploy the security employees and

which cost them 40 million pounds cost. Demand of security in increasing day by day

but the problem is with supply, there are not enough people who wants to works asecurity guards, and one of the other problem is that SIA is now indulge with home

office and it does not issue the licenses for those who are not allowed to work in work

according to the Reutter, 2012 300,000 Licenses was cancelled by the home office as

those were not allowed to work in the U.K.

Thus with this situation many of the small security agencies took advantage and came

across the U.K to provide security services, it was like a new market with a great profit. I

also wish to start my own security service when I will finish my industry and that why I

choose this topic as my business plan too. Because it is one of the most profitable

businesses now days in U.K and they have been around for a quite a long time and have

high market share in the U.K.

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To start a business of security service is much easy in U.K as compared to other

countries because it is good market for the security company as demand is high here and

supply is less than demand, so we can grow fast and established our business here.

Easily a good rented place can be found for the small office and then after some

contracts it can be converted to the main office. The office will be well decorated with

the theme of security, and with highly technology equipments like laptops, CCTV

cameras, and full furnished rooms. As many of my friends in security agencies so it will

help me hire a proper individual for the proper job as all of fiends always talk about it.

As far my security agency is concerned, I will take a steady start with small contacts.

The main vision and aim of my company will be to satisfy clients and built new clients.

There are three different ways to get contracts

1. Reference

As we know in U.K there are so many pubs, clubs and bars which really need security

service and the one of the best way to contact the owner or manger of these areas and it

can easily be done by visiting regularly there. As I go to pubs and clubs every weekends

and got contacts over there. And my friends also work in the security agencies so they

also know what and which people requires security service and with low rates. So wecan contact them and target them. Never underestimate the three things while

considering clients need such as price, quality and a good reputation of the company.

Clients always look for the low price with good quality and it impresses them and finally

they become a regular client to you.

2. Inquiry

Many of the business and government departments requires security services for the

short term and for this purpose they need private security agency. So than they send such

inquires to the security companies. Big security companies delegate this project to small

firms and agency with better rates and quality services.

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3. Tender Open (OBS)

Tender is one of the other option to make contracts , it can be issued by the government,

any private company and after that any security company in case of security service can

submit their proposal for the company they qualified for it..

5.3 SWOT

Strengths

Cost advantage as compared to other companies.

There will be Effective communication between the client and agency.

as management is the main thing so I will get strong management team

There will be Customization.

Return on investment should be in focus.

Weaknesses

There is lack of capital.

Agency has got low market share.

There is no plan predictability.

It is not diversified.

Opportunities

It is a good profitable.

We can emerge as new entrants and expand.

I have got new ideas which results in innovation

Agency can grow rapidly with quality service.

Agency can use new Technology and new developed equipment.

Threats

Competitors are always big threats.

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and a good wage to my employee and with a minimum commission to myself. I know

my competitors are getting greater profit but this strategy will help me in gaining greater

market share in future.

5.6 Staff Development

As I have been studying business for 4 years, one of the things which I saw is that if

your employees are satisfied from you, they get more motivated and they work more

efficiently unlike others. So it will also be one of my objectives to satisfy my employees

which will help as an advantage over my competitors. As from the feedback from the

client performance will be measure and every month award and bonus of 100 pounds

will be given to the best employee of our agency as it will motivate other employees to

work harder and efficiently. According to my experience competition in an organization

is also better for the organization in some ways so that to get best out of every one.

Courses regarding safety and security services will be offered free to our employees to

improve quality of our service and image of the agency.

5.7 Business Strategy

The strategy which I will be using in my security agency will be cost leadership strategy

and focus strategy. According to the above strategy I will be minimize my commissionand charge client with low price than my competitors. My profit margin will be less than

my competitors. As I have to gain the market share. According to my research

companies are using profitable strategies as they are charging clients with high rate but

main focus will be with low cost and quality service.

Other strategy which I would be following will be focus strategy in which I will target

small towns and specific areas in those small towns like bars, pubs and clubs because I

am short of capital. So I have to take a steady start. This strategy will have helped me to

gain market share of that area with low cost and good contacts. The main ways for

Marketing and Recruitmentthat will be adopted by my business will be:-

5.7.1 Online form

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Those individuals who wished to work in our agency will be provided with online form

which would be filled on our agency website. After that a candidate would be contacted

via mobile or email and further contacts should be made in office face to face.

5.7.2 Advertising

We will not do advertisement on large scale as we are short of capital and our main

focus is build contacts with word of mouth philosophy. But still we can do

advertisement in newspapers, magazines and free websites for the job and contracts for

the clients.

5.7.3 Social Network

Social networking is the cheaper way for marketing and advertisement for the new

entrants, I will also use this way make my pages on Facebook and twitter to get more

and more contacts. I will join such communities which I want to target like bars, clubs

and pubs. I will spend budget on making an attractive website and pages on the internet.

Social networking will help me in making a lot of contacts with cheap cost.

5.8 Services Offered by the Business

Security Personnel (Bouncer) to check the IDs while entering, to make sure no

one damage the property, to keep an eye on thieves and also public as it will

taught in safety tips course.

CCTV operator; his work will to observe CCTV cameras live recordings; he will

be fully trained security personnel who know how to operate the CCTV.

Alarm Response; there work will be to handle the situation until the cops arrive.

Personal Security; they will provide security to the celebrities, high profile

individuals and dignitaries

Executive Security; this service includes a security personnels geared up to

protect a group of high profile individuals.

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Event Security; this is the top level security service which is provided by most of

the security companies. Their duty is to handle all the security services of the

event.

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5.9 Finances (Hendon)Setting up the Business

Company Registration 100

Insurance 2000-3000

Licenses (SIA, CSCS, ISO9001) 10000

Setting up the Premises

Least Deposit 5800 (6 months)Advance Rent 1000

Furniture 1500

Stationary 250

Office Supplies 150

Desktops 1000

Printer 50

Scanner 50

Phone 25

Fax 15

Uniform Expenses 200 (Per Person)

Marketing 6000Total Fixed Expenses 29,890

Bills

Telephone 75

Gas 50

Electricity 150

Internet 50

Rent per Month 1000

Council Tax 175

Total Variable Cost 1,500

Minimum Start-up capital required 31,390

Total funds available 35,000

5.10 Revenue/Sales Projection

I will hire 5 employees as security member, and I will give them 6 pounds per hour

because of my cost strategy assuming:

Contract with the Client 14 per hour

Number of security personnel 5

Number of hours 8 * 5 (40 per day)

Salary paid 6 per hour

Profit Margin 8 per hour

Revenue for each day 5 * 8 * 6

Total Revenue per day 300

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Monthly Revenue 8000

Fixed Expenses 2500

Gross Profit per month 5500

5.11 Managing Skills

Seven essential people managing skills required to manage your business successfully are:

Logical thought

We should think logically before entering into this business and we should research that this

idea of business will work and its better to enter this market.

Emotional Language

Only thinking logically is not enough because being right is not always enough so we should

also keep focus on emotional language to motivate our self and employees as we know that

fear and desire are the two main motivators in case of humans..

Organization

Organization should be well managed in order to keep the employees satisfied and clients too.

Punctuality is also important as stick in times saves nine. We should never forget we do not

pay for working hard but working efficiently.

Manners and Politeness

Manner and character is very important and essential in the business field. We should be

polite and kind to our clients and employees. Just because of such behavior we can make big

profit and permanent clients. We should respect others and their self-esteem.

Fairness

We should be fair in our dealings, we should motivate people who deserve it and we should

also criticize who do not work properly.

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Sales

In business you need to have customers because without customers there is no business

therefore every business is a sales organization. As a businessman you have to sell yourself,

your services and employees, (Tom H., 1998).

Role modeling

We should be role model to our employees and clients and we should show such character

that impress every one and it should be set as an example in your organization. Everyone is in

need guidance to take the right steps and improve their personality.

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References

Ahmed, S.U (1981), "Entrepreneurship and Management Practices Among Immigrants

from Bangladesh in the United Kingdom", unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Brunel

University, London. Asian Productivity Organization (1985), Commercialization of Indigevous

Technology. Compiled and Edited by Volunteers in Technical Assistance.

Dr. Purohit Kumar Kanchan and Rahman Shahedur (1995), "The Development of

Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh: A Study of Entrepreneurs in Garments Industry",

Chittagong University Studies, Commerce Vloume- 11.

Habrison, Fredefick and Charles Myers, Education, Manpower and Economic Growth:

Strategies for Human resources Development, New York, McGraw Hill Series inInternational Development

Islam M. Mainul (1989), "Theories on Entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship, Edited

by Rahman A.H.M. Habibur, Published by , University Grand Commission of

Bangladesh, (English version).

Islam Nazrul and Mamun Z Mohammad (2000), Entrepreneurship Development An

Operational Approach, Published by The University Press Limited, Bangladesh.

Katz. J.A (1991). "The Institution and Infrastructre of Entrepreneurship",Enrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(3).

Saha Kumar Saroj (1989), "Entrepreneurship and Economic Development",

Entrepreneurship, Edited by Rahman A.H.M. Habibur, Published by , University

Grand Commission of Bangladesh, (English version).

Sharif, M.N, "Itegrating Busness and technology Strategies in Development

Countries", Technological Forecasting and Scial Change. Vol. 45.

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Meer Mse Complete

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Transcript of Meer Mse Complete