Energy storage for energy consumers

Matchen van wensen en mogelijkheden

DutchPower symposium over Energieopslag

Frits Verheij, 10 mei 2011

2

Energy storage for energy consumers

1. The balancing act of energy storage

2. Applications of energy storage at various levels

3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility

4. Practical examples show value of energy storage

3

Focus in the energy market is changing …

Affordable

I I II

4

… but how to keep the ‘triangle’ in balance?

With billions of energy consumers, having different needs …

… which might change during the energy transition phase?

5

The balancing act of energy storage

Energy

management

Increase of (varying) RES + DG

Ageing assets (grids + power plants)

Coupling of electricity, heat (and

cold), and transportation

Fuel shift due to electrical vehicles,

heat pumps, etc.

Increase of luxury resulting in higher

peak loads

Increasing dependency on delivery

Storage facilities (electricity, heat,

gas) integrated at home/offices/…

More need for preventing grid

overloading, voltage support,

frequency control, PQ

Increase of energy trading, e.g. on

the balancing market

Uncertainty of dealing with energy

storage in a regulated market

Su

pp

ly

Ph

ysic

al

Dem

an

d

Mark

et

6

Electricity networks of the future including energy storage

7

The Electricity Warehouse™

8

Energy storage for energy consumers

1. The balancing act of energy storage

2. Applications of energy storage at various levels

3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility

4. Practical examples show value of energy storage

9

Energy storages at three levels in the electric power system

Generation

Community Scale

25-100 kW devices sited on the low

side of the distribution substation

Utility Scale

250 kW to 2 MW modules with an

emphasis on renewables and

ancillary services

Bulk Storage

Above 50 MW, e.g.

Pumped Hydro & CAES

10

Electricity storage system ratings

11

Suitability of technologies for single applications

Technology Pumped Hydro

D-CAES A-CAES Hydro-gen

NaS Flow Lithium-Ion Lead-Acid

Maturity ++ + 0 -- + - + ++

Ap

plic

atio

n

Arbitrage

Balancing

Suitable Pooling Mechanisms needed

e.g. via Smart Energy Black-start

Flexibility of thermal power plants

Islanding

T&D-Deferral

Industrial peak shaving

Residential storage

Economically

Attractive

Cost Reduction

Necessary

Economically

Mid-Term Attractive

Data Source:

BCG and EASE

12

Applications at community scale

Transportation

– Plug-in hybrid vehicles

– All electric vehicles

Consumer products

– Refrigerator / freezer

– Boilers

– Power tools

– Mobile phones

13

Energy storage at three levels – part 2

• Heat and cold storage

• Geothermal e-storage

• …

• Boiler

• Mass of buildings

• Phase change material

• …

• Soil heat exchange

• Thermo-chemical storage

• …

• CAES

• Pumped hydro

• …

• Gas-field

• Gas grid

• …

• Battery

• Flywheel

• …

• Gas tank storage

• …

• Battery

• Flywheel

• Super capacitor

• …

• Gas tank storage

• …

Large scale Medium scale Small scale

Ga

s

Ele

ctr

icity

He

at

14

Energy storage for energy consumers

1. The balancing act of energy storage

2. Applications of energy storage at various levels

3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility

4. Practical examples show value of energy storage

15

More flexibility is needed, some options

1. Fast controllable centralized power generation,

including curtailment of e.g. wind power

2. Increase interconnection capacity

3. Smart ‘local’ energy, i.e. integration of DG, demand

response, and active participation of end-users

4. Energy storage

16

Energy storage adds value to energy sector

T&D:

Asset management

Voltage control

Power quality

Grid stability

Trade & Power Generation:

Control / load following

Energy management

Peak generation

Load levelling

System operations:

Frequency control

Spinning reserve

Balancing

End use (industry) :

UPS / Ride Through / Shut down

Peak shaving

Optimization of energy purchase

by load shifting

Reactive power

Renewables:

Decoupling demand

and supply

Absorb unpredicted

fluctuations

Control and

integration

17

Some Remarks

Storage has the ability to provide more than one

service and can therefore (potentially) benefit from

more than one revenue stream

The main competitor for energy storage is not a gas

turbine or another storage system but the realization

of demand side management (DSM)

Markets & Regulations don’t lead but follow, so

timing is important

The early bird catches the worm!

18

Which, where, when, what?

Questions that need to be answered:

Which type and size of storage is required?

Where on the network should storage be installed?

When should the storage system be charged /

discharged?

What are the costs and benefits?

Demand and DG Network Storage ? ? ?

19

There is no one answer

Storage systems can be applied for many different

purposes

The optimal location, type and size of storage

system to be used depends on many factors

The more functions the storage system needs to

fulfill, the more complex the decision making process

Modeling can support this process, demonstration

can show the practical value

20

Large-scale Energy Storage in NL

1. The balancing act of energy storage

2. Applications of energy storage at various levels

3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility

4. Practical examples show value of energy storage

21

Introduction of GROWDERS

EC funded under 6th Framework Programme

Goal: To demonstrate the technical and economical

possibilities of existing electricity storage technologies

– Realization of Transportable Flexible storage systems

– Realization of an Assessment tool for optimal distribution

network management

– Description of conceptual directions for EU regulatory

framework

Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Transportable Storage

22

GROWDERS – Test sites

Test Site A Test Site B

Test Site C

Test Site D

Location Chambery Zamudio Zutphen Mannheim

Country France Spain Netherlands Germany

Storage technology Li-ion battery Li-ion battery Flywheel Li-ion battery

+ Flywheel

Energy Rating 40 kWh 40kWh 0.9kWh 40 kWh +

0.9 kWh

Max. Power Rating 50kW 10kW 160kW 10kW, 50kW,

160kW

23

LS RAIL 40.401.00

-150.20

GE HKL0.401.00

-150.20

Sectie Kast 20.401.00

-150.20

Sectie Kast 10.401.00

-150.20

MS rail 410.001.000.00

V

VDC STOR_002

0.000.000.00

V

VDC STOR_001

0.000.000.00

ST

OR

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0.00-0.000.00

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OR

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03

0.00-0.000.00

ST

OR

_0

03

0.000.000.00

V

VDC STOR_003

0.000.000.00

Koppeling

45.4111.9367.82

Koppeling

-45.41-11.9367.82

Lin

k 1

Lin

k 1

Lin

k 4

Lin

k 4

Trf

39

2

45.4112.092.71

Trf

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6.191.739.29

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(P

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12.973.11

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Lin

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(P

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-12.97-3.1119.27

Lin

e 3

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ze)

15.094.23

22.64

Lin

e 3

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-15.08-4.2222.64

Lin

e 3

(B

lau

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11.152.8616.63

Lin

e 3

(B

lau

w)

-11.15-2.8616.63

Link 402Link 402

Lin

k 4

03

Lin

k 4

03

Roelofs

45.41 kW12.09 kvar

0.97

DIg

SIL

EN

T

Electrical model in PowerFactory

Term216Term257Term336Term158Term191Term174Term276Term177Term142Term81

ST

OR

_0

12

0.73-0.001.07

-0.730.00-1.02

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0.73-0.001.06

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VDC STOR_012

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VDC STOR_011

0.730.001.02

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VDC STOR_010

0.730.001.02

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VDC STOR_009

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VDC STOR_007

0.730.001.02

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VDC STOR_006

0.730.001.02

V

VDC STOR_005

0.730.001.02

V

VDC STOR_004

0.730.001.02

ST

OR

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DIg

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EN

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2 x 180kWh batteries

1 x 0.83kWh flywheel

10 x 5kWh batteries

Point of overload

B1 B2 F1

B3 B12

GROWDERS flywheel

24

Test site Bronsbergen (Zutphen)

25

Results of test at Bronsbergen (Zutphen)

Positive

Flywheel system passed all tests

All initial problems – like communication problems – have

been solved

Flywheel and inverter did work well

Harmonic compensation worked perfectly

Reactive power supply was OK

Islanding mode worked perfect

Negative

Noisy system

Power losses of the system

26

PowerMatching City (part of INTEGRAL) A living lab Smart Grid demonstration

Sponsors:

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Full Concept Smart Grid Solution

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Smart Appliances - Freezer

29

Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance

30

Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance

31

Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance

32

Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance

→ Surplus of Solar Power Results in low Price

33

Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)

34

Reponse of HHP systems (buffer levels) Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)

35

Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)

→ With a surplus of Solar Power the Hybrid

Heat Pumps Switch on

36

Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)

37

Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)

38

Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)

→ Buffers follow the Price Signal Correctly

Thank you for your attention

Frits Verheij

T +31 26 356 2445

frits.verheij@kema.com

www.kema.com

Energy storage for energy consumers