8/6/2019 JEISON MALDONADO 1101 (2011)

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NA^^AW N^ATAW OK GJHJCNFA

Haw na~~aw n~aaw k` Gjhjcnfa wk ma` gj`k~tfoj k` {`a f`dh{k`gfa cw q{k tjoj |a~a hjw ik`kw|j~q{k hk hhaca c{gmj ha atk`gf` a w{ kq{f|j. \k~j kwtj ma hhkaoj at~ak~ c{gmaw c{k~tkw k`t~k

ofdk~k`tkw na~~aw n~aaw |j~ w{ ofwtf`ta gacfwkta j gjhj~ ok kq{f|j |j~ q{ wk g~ka~j` haw na~~aw

n~aaw( |j~q{k kwt` v |j~q{k mav ta`ta fjhk`gfa k`t~k khhjw:

Ha fjhk`gfa k`t~k haw na~~aw n~aaw wk ga{wa cw q{k tjoj( |j~ tk`k~ cw |jok~ j cw ca`oj(

ahe{`jw `jcn~kw ok haw na~~aw n~aaw gjhjcnfa`aw wj` hjw okh w{~( na~` ~jij( e{a~oa ahnf~~jia (

gjca`ojw ay{hkw v ha ~kwfwtk`gfa `j~tk. Hjw k`d~k`tacfk`tjw k`t~k kwtaw na~~aw n~aaw wj` |j~ w{

ofwtf`tj gjhj~ ok gacfwkta |j~ tk`k~ cw e~a`okya k` kh |aw |k~j cw q{k tjoj g{a`oj wk

k`g{k`t~a` k` haw gahhkw kwtj kw hj q{k cw |~jo{gk hjw k`d~k`tacfk tjw k`t~k haw na~~aw.

Ha hkv k` Gjhjcnfa k` a haw na~~aw gjcj {`jw okhf`g{k`tkw v tk~~j~fwtaw |j~q{k khhjw hj q ma`

mkgmj kw oaa~ hjw kwtaofjw g{gma~wk {`jw gj` jt~jw mawta hhkea~ k`d~k`ta~wk k`t~k {`a cfwca

na~~a okh cfwcj kq{f|j |j~ kwj kw q{k k` Gjhjcnfa ha hkv hjw k gjcj `oahjw( |k~j `j tjoaw haw

na~~aw |jwkk` q{k hjw ka` aw |j~ kikc|hj( ha na~~a ok HJW OKH W[^ ma` mkgmj c{gmaw gjwaw

g{ht{~ahkw gjcj g~ka~ kwg{khaw ok|j~tfaw |a~a `fjw( v aw cfwcj haw jt~aw na~~aw ma` mkgmj gjwaw

q{k av{ok` a ha ek`tk |k~j kwj `j kw hj q{k k ha |jhfga v ha hkv.

\k~j kh ejnfk~`j tacnf` ma mkgmj c{gmaw gjwaw |a~a q{k kwtaw na~~aw n~aaw kwt` magfk`oj

gjwaw q{k nk`kdfgfk` a ha wjgfkoao( caw `j q{k kwt` okhf`q{fk`oj gjcj khhjw ofgk`( hj q{k ma`

mkgmj kw q{k haw na~~aw wk {`a` v maea` gjwaw g{ht{~ahkw gjcj magk~ gac|kj`atjw ok d{tnjh v

i{ea~ k`t~k khhjw( v |{kw kwtj ma hhkaoj a q {`aw na~~aw ~kga|agftk` v maea` kh d{tnjh k` |ay.

Hj q{k haw na~~aw n~aaw n{wga` kw a|jva~ a w{w ofwtf`tjw kq{f|jw |j~ g{ahq{fk~ gf{oao oj`ok

i{ke{k` ahk`t`ojhjw wf` fc|j~ta~ haw gj`ofgfj`kw.

Hjw ik`kw k` kwtk wk`tfoj ok haw na~~aw n~aaw kwt` cw |~jd{`ofyaojw |j~ q{k tfk`k` c{gmj

|j~ q{k ff~. \k~j kwj tacnf` hhka aganj q{k ik`kw q{k wahk` ok hjw gjhkefjw v wk okofga` kw

ahk`ta~ a w{ kq{f|j k` g{ahq{fk~ gf{oao wf` fc|j~ta~ haw gj`ofgfj`kw ok of`k~j |k~j ahh kwta~`

gj` w{ kq{f|j.

\jokcjw cf~a~ mawta |{`tj |{kok hhkea~ {` na~~fwta wjn~k tjoj hjw ik`kw. \k~j hj q{k wk |{kok

magk~ kw q{k kwtaw na~~aw |{koa` tk`k~ kh a|jvj okh ejnfk~`j v q{k `j hjw ka` gjcj tk~~j~fwtaw vq{k |{koa` wke{f~ a w{ kq{f|j wa`ack`tk wf` fjhk`gfa |a~a q{k kh |aw |{koa tk`k~ {` n{k`

d{tnjh.

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[@A DACFHFA C[V M[CFHOK

K` ha gf{oao ok Ckokhh`#Gjhjcnfa {`a dacfhfa gj` {`a mfwtj~fa c{v t~fwtk. _joj gjcfk`ya

hjw |ao~kw v ha cao~k hhacaoa tk~kwa( kh |ao~k hhacaoj \ko~j {`a ky khhjw fna` |j~ w{

|{knhj gjcj k~a {`a dacfhfa m{cfhok k~a` okh gac|j. Fna` magfa w{ gawa g{a`oj

~k|k`tf`ack tk k` kh gacf`j wahf {` e~{|j ok mjcn~kw k`ga|{gmaojw hjw k`gk~~a~j`

ofgf`ojhkw q{k wf `j wk fna` ok ha k~koa hjw catana`. Khhjw c{v aw{wtaojw t{fk~j` q{k

gjek~ w{w |k~tk`k`gfaw v kag{a~ ha k~koa( wf` oj`ok f~ kwta |a~kia hj `fgj q mfgfk~j` d{k

hhaca~ a w{w mfijw( {`j ok khhjw fk k` ha gf{oao ok Njejt v jt~j fa k` ha gf{oao ok Gahf

{`j wk hhacana A`o~w v kh jt~j Wac{kh. W{w |ao~kw wk d{k~j` |a~a ha gf{oao ok Njejt

|j~ q{k {`j ok w{ mfij A`o~w hk ofij q{k wk d{k~a` |a~a ahh. Hhkea~j` a kwtk h{ea~ wf`

oj`ok f~ |k~ofojw hhacana` a w{ mfij kh `j gj`tkwtana. \awa~j` {`a `jgmk k` ha gahhk

|j~q{k `j tk`a` |a~a oj`ok gjek~ v `j tk`a` `aoa ok |hata. Ah jt~j oa ~kgfnfk~j` {`a

hhacaoa ok {`a jy c{v k}t~aa f`dj~c`ojhkw q{k w{ mfij A`o~w kwtana c{k~tj(

|j~q{k kh |k~tk`kga a {` e~{|j ok |a`ofhhaw v kwa `jgmk q{k khhjw kwt{fk~j` k` ha gahhk

hj cata~j` g{a`oj fna |a~a w{ gawa.

Kwta |a~kia c{v t~fwtk va wf` `aoa q{k magk~ hhaca~j` w{ mfij Wac{kh( Wac{kh k~a {` ijk`

q{k g{a`oj kwtana k` kh gac|j v fa gj` khhjw wk d{k gj` w{ c{ik~ |j~q{k khha fa k`

Gahf. G{a`oj h w{|j ha c{k~tk ok w{ mk~ca`j hj q{k mfyj d{k f~wk |a~a Njejt v av{oa~ aw{w |ao~kw( kwta |a~kia g{a`oj w{ mfijw wk hjw hhkj |a~a Gahf ffk~j` |j~ {` ha~ej tfkc|j(

k` Gahf mana {`a |a~kia ok e~f`ejw a kwtjw e~f`ejw hk gj`ta~j` ha mfwtj~fa ok tk~kwa v

\ko~j( hjw e~f`ejw hk jd~kgfk~j` a kwta |a~kia q{k wf wk fna` |a~a KK.[[ tk~kw v \ko~j c{v

gj`tk`tjw hk ofik~j` a hjw e~f`ejw q{k |j~q{k q{k~a` q{k wk d{k~a` gj` khhjw( hjw e~f`ejw

hk ofik~j` q{k khhjw va k~a` {` |a~ ok ao{htjw gj` c{gma koao v q{k~a` tk`k~ ha

gjc|aa ok ahe{fk` v cw q{k tjoj hkw gjhanj~a~a`. \ko~j v tk~kwa wk d{k~j` gj` khhjw a

ha gf{oao ok hjw `ekhkw ok KK.[[ o{~a~j` tjoa w{ foa ahh( gjhanj~`ojhkw a kwta |a~kia

ok e~f`ejw mawta q{k {` tfkc|j dahhkgf kwta |a~kia ok e~f`ejw( hj q{k kwta |a~kia mfyj d{k

okia~hk tjoaw w{w |k~tk`kgaw a tk~kwa v \ko~j va q{k ha foa ok khhjw mana wfoj c{v t~fwtkv aw gj`gh{vk kwta mfwtj~fa tk~kwa v \ko~j ffk~j` c{v dkhfgkw k` KK.[[ |j~ tjoa w{ foa.

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8/6/2019 JEISON MALDONADO 1101 (2011)

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1# Gjcj wk hhaca oj`ok e{a~oacjw ha ~j|a

># Q{k kw hj q{k {`j wk |j`k g{a`oj wk gawa

7# Gjcj wk hhaca oj`ok wk |j`k ha gjcfoa v gjckcjw

?# Q{k kw hj q{k {`j wk |j`k oknaij ok {`a gmaq{kta

;# Gjcj wk hhaca oj`ok {`j wk wfk`ta |a~a cf~a~ t

4# \j~q{k gjhj~ gjcfk`ya ha na`ok~a ok Gjhjcnfa

5# Gjcj wk hhaca oj`ok wk |j`k ha gjcfoa v gjckcjw

=# Gjcj wk hhaca gj` hj q{k `jw gjc{`fgacjw gj` hjw okcw

6# Gjcj wk hhaca g{a`oj oj~cfcjw k` {`a gaca ojnhk

1#gjcj wk hhaca gj` hj q{k {`j n~f`oa |j~ ahej

17#Oj`ok kw oj`ok hkkcjw |~faoack`tk

1?#Q{k kw gj` hj q gjc|~acjw tjoj hj q{k `kgkwftkcjw

1;#Q{k kw nh{k k` kw|ajh

1# Q{k kw ahej gj` g{at~j |ataw v |j`kcjw g{ahq{fk~ gjwa

># Hj q{k {`j hk oa a {`a cao~k j a ha `jfa k` {`a nj`fta jgawf` kw

7# Gjcj wk hhaca hj q{k `jw |jokcjw k` ha gankya |a~a oj~cf~

?# Q{k kw hj q ah{cn~a k` ha ckwfta ok `jgmk k` kh g{a~tj

;# Q{k kw hj q{k hj |j`k a nafha~ a {`j

4# Hj q{k {`j wk |j`k k`gfca ok haw ckofaw kw

5# Gjcj wk hhaca oj`ok hkkcjw=# Gj` q{k {`j wk |kf`a

6# Gjcj kw oj`ok {`j kwg{gma ha ~aofj j cwfga

1#[`j gj` q{k kwg~fnk

17#Gjcj wk hhaca gj` hj q{k {`j i{kea wk |j`k k` hjw |fkw

1?#Gj` q{k gjwkcjw haw gjwaw

1;#Gjcj wk hhaca {`a |jwaoa hhk`a ok ae{a e~a`ok v ay{h

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IKFWJ@ DANFA@ CAHOJ@AOJ

Kh `agf k` kh aj ok 166? k` ha gf{oao ok Njejt#Gjhjcnfa( g{a`oj wk gkhkn~j {` c{`ofah ok d{tnjh k`

KK.[[ k` kwk aj `agf Ikfwj` Danf` Cahoj`aoj g~kgf k` kh wk`j ok {`a dacfhfa c{v m{cfhok k` 166;

kh 7< ok `jfkcn~k wk f`a{e{~a kh ckt~j ok Ckokhh`. Kh k` kwk aj d{k w{ |~fck~a ky g{a`oj f`e~kwj

ah ia~o` a |awj okh tfkc|j d{k g~kgfk`oj k` 1664 wk hje~j f`t~jo{gf~ kh AO@ k` kh ek`jca okh |a~awftj

ok ha catk~fa. Wk |~kwk`tj ha |khg{ha tfta`fg ok iackw gack~jw k` -1665& ha g{ah t{j c{gmjw |~kcfjw

hjw |ao~kw ok kwtk ijk` hj q{k ma` mkgmj kw waga~hj aokha`tk ca`tk`f`ojhj v a ojw mk~ca`jw cw ok

h a g~kgfk`oj kwtk `fj v ma` w{gkofoj c{gmaw gjwaw k` 166= d{k g{a`oj D~a`gfa q{koj gac|k` k`

{` c{`ofah ok d{tnjh( k` 1666 w{gkof {` tk~~kcjtj ok 4(? e~aojw k` ha kwgaha ok ^fgmtk~ okwt~{vj haw

gf{oaokw ok Gjhjcnfa a~ck`fa v \k~kf~a k` kwtk aj d{k g{a`oj kwtk `fj k t~j ok |~fck~a ky ah

gjhkefj( k` kh aj >

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8/6/2019 JEISON MALDONADO 1101 (2011)

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@jtfgfa wjn~k gf{oao njha~

Jgt{n~k kw {` ckw ok Dkwtfah9 Kh Dkwtfah ok haw A~tkw Gf{oaoa`a Da`twtfga

ok Gf{oao Njha~! Kh cw e~a`ok k`g{k`t~j ok gjhkefjw ofwt~ftahkw ok ha hjgahfoao

k` oj`ok `fjw( `faw v ik`kw cjwt~a~` hj ckij~ ok w{ a~tk k` {`j ok hjw

ckij~kw kwgk`a~fjw ok ha gf{oao9 kh \a~q{k Kh _{`ah. @j hj jhfokw( ha gfta kw kh 7

ok jgt{n~k a haw 6 ok ha caa`a k` kh \a~q{k kh _{`ah. F`fta`9 Ahgahoa Hjgah ok

Gf{oao Njha~( ha Wkg~kta~a ok Ko{gagf` ok Njejt( ha [`foao Kikg{tfa ok

Hjgahfoaokw #[KH#( kh Dj`oj ok Okwa~~jhhj Hjgah ok Gf{oao Njha~ v ha D{`oagf`

Wjgfah ok Mjhgfc Gjhjcnfa.