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Introduction to RFID(WS 05/06)

Pablo Guerrero, Kai Sachs{pguerrer,ksachs}@dvs1.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de

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Brief History

Automatic Identification (Auto-ID) and DataCollection (AIDC) Technologies

Ubiquitous:Supermarket

Credit/Bank/ID Cards

Car Keys

How Old Are These Technologies?1930s, 40s: Magnetic Stripes

1950s, 70s: Bar Codes, UPC1949: Radio Frequency ID

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Physical and Digital Worlds

degree of automation

Physical World (atoms)

Digital World (bits)

m a n u a

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d a

t a e n

t r y

v o

i c e

i n p u t

b a r c o

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s c a n n

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e m

b e

d d e d

s y s t e m s

human intervention required NO human intervention required

[Heuser04]

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RFID Systems

An AIDC Technology using Radio Frequency:RFID Tags

Chip for Holding Data

An Antenna

RFID Readers

Radio Waves Characteristics

Computer Network (if any)

Many Types of TagsActive / Passive / Semi-passive

Read / Write

Various Frequencies

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RFID Tags

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RFID Basic Idea

code (unique identifier) is stored in a RFID Tag

Tag is attached to a product

Product becomes now unique identifiable l a b e l i n g

u s e

Product transmits code from the embedded tag (active tag)

Reader gets the message ( code )code needs to be processed

corresponding action(s) to be taken here

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RFID - Use Cases

Badges/Smart keysGrant or deny access

AgricultureLivestock Tracking

Toll roads

Tracking and chargingAsset Management

MaintenanceAircraft Intelligent Toolbox

Equipment - Record/db onTag

Supply Chain MgmtInventory control

Logistics

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RFID Supply Chain Mgmt

Innovate ways to identify, locate and monitor goodsas they travel through the supply chain of manyindustries

First BenefitsIncrease accuracy of orders

Reduce inventory handling cost

Improve inventory handlingFewer misplaced items (in warehouse)

Reduce losses from theft (ca. $31 Bi in 2002)

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RFID Supply Chain Mgmt (cont)

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EPCglobal Network

Based on 5 Main Pillars:Electronic Product Code (EPC)

ID System

EPC MiddlewareDiscovery Services

EPC Information Services (EPC IS)

EPC:Unique object identifier (worldwide)

96-bit number

Extension of the Universal Product Code (UPC)

header manufacturer product serial no8 bits 28 bits

> 268 Million24 bits

> 16 Million36 bits

> 68 Billion

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EPCglobal Network (cont)

ID SystemEPC Tags

EPC Readers

EPC Middleware

Discovery Services

Object Naming Service (ONS)EPC Information Services

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RFID More Pictures

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RFID Some Challenges

Reduce Tag Prices (5 Cent Initiative)

IT InfrastructureData Processing

Online Handling of Huge Amounts of Streaming Data

Storage, Network Bandwidth & Systems

Integration

DBs, Data Warehouses and Enterprise Apps

Global StandardsFrequency of Tags & Readers

USA, Europe and Japan using Different Frequencies

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RFID Privacy Concerns

From Consumers Perspective:

They are not well informed

Unclear reason for its usageCompanies usually have low credibility

They could have something to hide

Laws do not really protect people against misuseSecure technology?

Enough experiments?

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RFID Privacy Concerns (cont)

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R e a d e r ( H

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Industry: Your competitor, thieves,

End Consumer: companies trying to profile you, thieves

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RFID - Summary

Efficiency, Convenience

Anti-Counterfeiting and Tampering

Trend: Integration of Physical and Digital WorldsUnderstand (on Field) the Problem and then Select

Appropriate Solution

Read and Write CapabilityPortable Database

Uniquely Identify Every Physical Object

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Thank you! ;^)

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