Int. Con. Jute

7/30/2019 Int. Con. Jute

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Quality Improvement in Juteand Kenaf Fibre



It is prudent that for jute industry to survive and possibly flourish

with a much brighter future it should take recourse to this non-

traditional group of products which will require generally the

improved quality fibres.

Commensurate with the expected rise in production of jute and

kenaf by 3-4 times in 2050 of the present value there is a clear

need for proportionately higher attention to non-traditional

diversified products.

The manufacture of diversified jute products requires the use of

best grades of raw jute in most cases, more capital investment,

higher textile levels of design and market skill, more capable and

focused mill management, a degree of entrepreneurship above and

beyond that usually found in the traditional industry, and on the

top of that, considerable R&D expenditure.

The real future, however, lies in the area of technical textiles.



Mass potential

Finest yarn,

fashion

products

Fine yarn,

home textileclothing

Coarse yarn,

carpet ropes

Filters, high-

tech

composites

Plant pot Geo-

textile, pulp and

paper

A d d e d v a l u e

Textile products

Added value versus mass potential of bast f ibre products

Texti le products usuall y show higher mass potential and higher added value in

comparison to techni cal appli cations

Packaging mat.Car interiors

Composites



The real apprehension in India, Bangladesh and elsewhere is that

instead of meeting the need for improved quality fibres needed for

diversified applications there is possibly a decline in the trend

reported.

If true, the nature and reasons behind it

We need to examine this very

critically for the very survival of

commodity and its stakeholders:

Measures to alleviate the constraints and future suggestions for improvement

Strength and weakness for development of improved quality fibres



Grade Grade-wise break up percentage of

jute fibre

80-85 85 -90 92-97 2005

1 & 2 1.27 1.32 1.86 2.00

3 7.79 8.30 9.86 9.00

4 24.29 25.73 28.20 25.00

5 32.92 41.53 40.20 33.00

6 23.69 17.35 14.82 16.00

7 & 8 8.04 5.77 5.06 15.00

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Grade-wise break up percentage of jute fibre in India

Grade-wise break-up percentage of fibre

in India

0

510

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1980-85 1985 -90 1992-97 2005

Plan periods

G r a

d e p e r c e n t a g e

1 & 2 3 4 5 6 7 & 8

No clear cut trend in the change in quality throughout last 25 years wasobserved. However, that there was no consistent improvement in percent quality fibre production is as such highly discouraging in viewof growing demand for quality fibre production. Such quantitativeobservations from Bangladesh and other countries are also warranted



Technological upgradations are required formeeting the prescribed limits with consistency in

quality also.

Technical processing Genetic manipulation

Cultural along with retting practices

T h r o u g

h

Through Through



Areas identified in the field of improved quality raw fibreproduction

Development of

geneti c stock

Cultivated

Wild species

Direct

exploration of

germplasms from

centres of origin

Principalapproaches for

crop

improvement

Somatic hybridization including

protoplast manipulation

Biotechnological

approaches

Tissue culture

Inter-specific

hybridization

Genetic

transformation

DNA fingerprinting



Need to

develop

International

collaboration

Adequate funding jute genome

Development of improved

crop var ieties

Blending of

cutting-edgetechnologies

Traditional approach

for crop improvement programme.+

Development of

transgenics

&



Timely

availabilityof good

quality seeds

at affordable

price

Diplomatic and

administrative

protocol among

the countries

for timely

distribution

Certification protocol of kenaf seeds

Identificationof good quality

seed producing

areas

&



Improved retting practice - Breakthrough

CRIJAF has developed a new machine ‘bast fibre extractor’ run eitherby 1 H.P. electric motor or 1.5 H.P. Kerosene engine, portable and may

easily be taken to the field for operationParticulars Conventional method

kg/man-hour

Improved method

*kg/machine-hour

Jute 5 25

Mesta 1.5 15

The retting process Whole plant Vs.

machine retted f ibre



Conventional vis-a-vis improved method of jute fibre extraction

Particulars Conventional retting Improved retting

Source of power Manual Partly mechanical

Process involved

after harvest

Canes- Defoliation, bundling,

Transport Steeping - in water,

Stripping - fibre

Machine extraction,

steeping of ribbons in water

Retting duration 2 to 3 weeks 5 to 7 days

Water requirement Large volume 20 % of conventional

Drudgery Drudgery in steeping and stripping No DrudgeryThin plants Lost during processing Salvages fibre (15 %. More)

Extraction capacity 4 to 5 kg dry fibre / man-hour 25 kg dry fibre / machine-

hour

Crop harvest Availability of water regulated the

time

After 100 days.any time

Time requirement 4 weeks 1 week

Quality Roots, knots and specks are present Strong,free from defects

Grade More variation Less variation

Wood stick Entire Small pieces

Extraction Uncontrolled condition Controlled condition



Need to combat

weather

uncertainties

Irregularity in rains

Global warming

Need for

water

storage

Removal of

drainage

congestion at

critical

period

Weather forecasting models

Contingency plan

Identification

of appropriate

variety

resistant to

water stress



Need to stress on

good quality

fibre productionin

Raw fibre production

module with stress on

adverse soil moistureconditions

Diversified product

identification and protocol for

manufacture

Quality seed

production and

availability

Kenaf



The improved yarns are needed to meet productspecific quality norms for the manufacture of

High quality blended apparel grade textiles,Technical, industrial and home textiles including non-woven, Automotives,

Soil savers,Bio-composites,Pulp and paper,Fine chemicals, cosmetics and healthcare products, andBio-fuels.

The manufacture of diversified jute productsrequires the use of best grades of raw jute in most

cases.



Future technological development

Fine jute yarns with average number of fibres per cross

section in the range of 50-100 and fineness 6 lb/ spy and

below with tolerable loss of strength and abrasion

resistance along with improvement of the physico-chemical

properties, such as whiteness, light fastness, flexural

rigidity, water retention value, moisture regain,

extensibility and proportionate increase in alpha-cellulosecontent along with proportionate decrease in hemi-

cellulose and lignin contents in jute and kenaf preferably

using recommended chemical processes

Convertible to light, dense and strong new generation hessianfabrics for market acceptability

Quality yarns which should be cost- and quality-competitive



Proposedgrades Existinggrades End products (tentative suggestions)

TD1/W1 1+2 Fine yarn, specialties, carpet backing cloth, items

where fibre quality is important.

TD2/W2 3 Fine yarn, carpet backing cloth, fine Hessian, blended

products, items where fibre quality is important.TD3/W3 4 Hessian warp, fine Hessian, blended products, items

where fibre quality is important.

TD4/W4 5 Hessian weft, sacking warp, light sacking wept,

blended products.

TD5/W5 6 Ordinary sacking wept, cotton sacking, items where

fineness has no impact.

TD6/W6 7+8 Poor sacking, non-woven, paper and pulp, Geo-textiles,

composites, etc.

A tentative list of end products grade-wise (in India)



Need for internationalizing grading criteria

Technical yarns Mechanical

bonded

non-wovens

Various fields of

appli cation as

reinforcing fibre

Fr iction li nings Paper production

Fibre length

mean fibre

length

50-100 mm

CV H< 70%

Fineness

mean fineness

5-20 dtex or

20-86 μm

Fibre length

mean fibre length

20-70 mm

CV H

50 %

Fineness

mean fineness

5 dtex or

20 μm

Fibre-Fibre- adhesion

high

Fibre tenacity

tensile strength

700 -1100 N/mm²

or 47-73 cN/tex

elongation 2 %

E-modulus

40-70 kN/mm²

Fibre length

mean fibre length

3-25 mm/ 25 mm

short fibre length

10 %Fineness

mean fineness

3-17 dtex or 10-74

μm

Fibre-Fibre-adhesion

zero

Trash

almost free of dustand wood

Fibre length

mean fibre length

0,1-10 mm

CV H

50%Fineness

mean fineness

10-20 μm

Density

1,4-1,5 g/cm³

Surface area

1500-10000 cm²/g

Moisture 8-10%

Flash point

300-600° C

Fibre length

mean fibre length

4 mm

Long fibre length

8 mmshort fibre length

1 mm

Impurities

trash contents

10%

fibre fragments

10%

Each country has now its’ own grading criteria, so there is a need to internationalize them for

transparency and promotion. Suggested fi bre properties for techni cal applications taking cue from

cotton and wool, as below



“Better price for better grades” is the key for price protection to the farmers.

Government should devise poli cies and norms

Government should ensure collection mechanism through a transparent arrangement with the farmers and other stakeholders

Role of agro-retail majors are also very important in thi s respect

Adequate arrangement for storage and distribution

Government should ensure warehouses for appropriate storage for reasonable time and support mechanisms for distr ibution

Training of farmers and other stakeholders for fibre grading

mechanism and ensure appropriate pricing

Government and the agro-retail majors have major roles in thi s respect

I n the raw jute fibre trade, agro-retail majors can be a powerful adjunct to

the activities of the government procurement agencies and as well be a strong

link between raw jute farmers and jute industry, and final ly between farmers

and R & D organizations



Countries other than India, Bangladesh and China

adequate campaign in the society

on the ecological benefit of theuse of jute and kenaf

arrangements for training and

incentives for production of value-added goods

Do not appear to have adequate and well

planned diversif ication programme

They should put thrust on diversif ication apart f rom the production programme of

raw fibre itself

Role of unorganized sector in large number for diversified product development

Their role, strength and weaknessshould be documented

To be given support to increase their capability through funding, training

and infrastructural development

They are in very large in number in each country cater ing to the demand of diversif ied goods very signi f icantl y without any record or documentation



The focus is to concentrate increasingly more in a phased

manner for production of the value-added diversified products

for inroads into the market.

Defining ‘benchmarks’ foreach component

of the qualityprofile

Goals for the Industry

Meeting consumers’perceptionand value

Manufacturing jute

products tosubstitute

existing fibre

products

Defining objectively the‘quality profile’

as productspecificities

Need formodernization

with strictquality control



Lack of coordination between rawfibre production and technology

development R&D agencies.

As a result, raw fibre agency remains

unaware of technological needs of theindustry and vice versa, and thus the

specific targets of one another.



Need for a Road Map for the future

Each country should have a clear road map for diversified goods production phase wise for the next

20-25 years

Grade wise fibre production schedules should beaccordingly worked out backwards and the same

implemented to meet the goals through appropriate

synergy between government (policy makers),industry, R&D units, and the farmers



In the interest of these countries, the commodity and itsstakeholders an understanding at the international level among these countries should arrived at to apportion the product targetareas, as per their capabilities and interest, strength and weakness,and allow free exchange of germplasm along with arrangementsfor frequent interaction to share the views on technologicalupgradations.

A “Jute Cartel” be formed for mutual benefit to each –

legal, political and

administrative implications of

which may be discussed in

details

Countries growing jute and kenaf are limited in number althoughfarmers and related stakeholders are disproportionately large in

number with restricted size and holding and thus the capacity ofeach unit. At the same time the industry is confronted with steepchallenge increasingly more with time from synthetics.

Need for a “JUTE CARTEL”


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