iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj f · fCIa;% j, mj;sk mdxY= fmdaIl ;;a;ajh...

iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok

f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj f.k

48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh ^2017 iema;eïn¾&

lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYfhalDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhls

f.dúlï iÕrdfõ ;srh msgqmi

fufyhùu yd iïnkaëlrKh

fÊ' fla' ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ

m%Odk ixialdrl

fÊ' wd¾' î' fyar;a

ixialdrl uvq,a,

ñ,skao iurfldaka

tia' tï' iS' tka' iurfldaka

tka' ví' ã' ta' ã' lkakka.r

mß.Kl msgq ieliSu yd ks¾udKh

wis; niakdhl

;s,sKs uOqIsld

ksIamdok l<ukdlre

Wmd,s rEmiair

uqøKh

lDIsl¾u m%ldYk tallh" .kafkdarej

m%Odk ixialdrlf.ka' ' '

wfma rfÜ lDIsl¾udka;fha wkd.;h

/|S we;af;a rgg .e,fmk lDIs ;dCIKhka

ksrka;rfhka ìysùu u;hs' Y%S ,xldj lDIsld¾ñl

rgla jqjo rfÜ wd¾Ólhg lDIsl¾udka;fhka

isÿjk odhl;ajh jißka jir wvq fjñka

mj;S' tu ;;a;ajh fjkia lr,Sug lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j úYd, fufyjrl fhoS isà'

tys m%uqL;u lghq;a;la jk rgg Tìk lDIs

;dCIKhka yd fnda. m%fNaohka fidhd.ekSu

ms<sn| m¾fhaIKhka i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq

lr we;' fuu lghq;a; i|yd rch jd¾Islj

úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla fjka lrkq ,nhs' bka

ìysjk ;dCIKhl jákdlu uqo,ska ;lafiare l<

fkdyel' wfma lDIs úoHd{hska jir .Kkdjla

mqrdjg isÿlrk ,o m¾fhaIK j, id¾:l;ajh

rgg lshdmdkakg fõosldjla ks¾udKh jkafka

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jd¾Isl iïfï,kfha

oSh' 19 jeks j;djg;a mj;ajkq ,nk fujr

iïfï,kfhaoS m¾fhaIK m;%sld /ila t<s

oelaùug kshñ;h' bka foda;la fujr f.dúlï

iÕrdfjka mdGl Tn fj; fufia f.k tkq

,nhs'

hdka;%sl me< isgqùu ù m%fNao" mr;r

iy ;jdka me< kv;a;=j wiajekak

i|yd n,mdk wdldrh 01

f.dúhdf.a ys;ñ;=rd /l.ksuq 04

msmqKq uf,a rej 11

;lald,s j.dfõ hqI Wrd fndk lDóka

md,kh i|yd iydhl fnda. j, n,mEu 12

wkqrdOmqr osia;%slalfha f,dl= Ækq j.dlrk

fCIa;% j, mj;sk mdxY= fmdaIl ;;a;ajh 15

ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h u.ska msms[a[d

j, m%;sTlaisldrl l%shdldß;ajh" .=Kd;auh

yd l,a;nd.ekSfï yelshdj by< kexùu 18

wdydr i|yd ñßosh u;aiH j.dj 22

LD 253 25

uyje,s tÉ l,dmfha ù w;sf¾l wdydr fnda.

j.d moaO;shl jdß c,fhys .=Kd;aufhys

ld,dkqrEmS yd ia:dkSh úp,H;dj 28

t<j¿ fnda. j.dj i|yd khsg%cka imhk

ffcj fmdfydrla f,i nelaàßhdkq

wduql+,khla 32

;=,ais j.d lruq 36

ridhksl yd ldnksl fmdfydr os.=ld,Skj

Ndú;d lsÍu ù j.dfõ wiajekak yd mfiys

ire nj flfrys lrkq ,nk n,mEu 40

ldnksl jiqka fhoSfuka f,dl= Ækq wiajkq

jeä l< yelso@ 43

w¾;dm,a j.dfõ ksIamdok úhou wvq lruq 47

wfma iy,a j, ner f,day wvx.= o@ 50

Microgreens 56

48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 1

lïlre Y%uh ysÕ ùug

ms<shula f,ig;a" ksis l,g

fNda.h ixia:dmkh lsÍug;a"

j,a kdYl Ndú;h wju

lsÍu i|yd;a ù j.dj i|yd

hdka;%sl me< isgqùu y÷kajd

oS we;' taldldÍ mr;rhla

yd me< >k;ajhla mj;ajd

.; yels ùu;a ;reK m%cdj

ù j.dj i|yd wdl¾IKh

lr .ekSug;a hdka;%sl me<

isgqùu Wmldrs fõ' oekg

hdh 2 jevigyk hgf;a

me< isgqjk hka;%h y÷kajd

§ we;s kuq;a thg WÑ;

YIH úoHd;aul ks¾foaYhka

ksis whqßka y÷kajd fkd§u

fya;=fjka j,a me< md,kh

wmyiq ùu" wiajkq wvq ùu

jeks úúO .eg¿ mek ke.S

we;' fï ksid hdka;%sl me<

isgqùu ;ju;a f.dú uy;=ka

w;r m%p,s; ù fkdue;s w;r

Tjqka thska wE;a jk njla o

fmfkkakg ;sfí' fï fya;=

ie,ls,a,g .ksñka hka;%h

Ndú;fhka me< isgqùfï§

by< wiajekakla ,nd

.ekSu i|yd iqÿiq ù m%fNao

y÷kd .ekSug;a" ;jdka

me< isgqùug iqÿiq jhi

y÷kd .ekSug;a" isgqùfï§

me< w;r mr;rh" tla

ia:dkhl isgqúh hq;= me<

ixLHdj iy isgqúh hq;= .eUqr

yÿkd .ekSug;a n;,f.dv

ù m¾fhaaIK yd ixj¾Ok

wdh;kh uÕska m¾fhaaIK

isÿ lrk ,§'

hdka;%sl me< isgqùu yd

w;ska me< isgqùu

w;ska me< isgqùu

iuÕ iei£fïos hdka;%sl me<

isgqùfï§ udi 4 - 4½ yd

udi 3 - 3½ ish¿u ù m%fNao

j, u,a msmSug yd lr,a

meiSug .;jk ld,h Èk

3 - 5 lska muK jeäfõ'

kuq;a tall íï m%udKhl

yg.kakd m÷re yd lr,a

ixLHdj jeä w;r" iuia:

wiajekak o 5] - 17] lska muK

2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld

weiqßKs

à' fla' b,x.fldaka" fca' tï' tka' mS' fidaur;ak" wd¾' tia' fla' lS¾;sfiak

tï' ã' wfíiqkaor" iS' tÉ' mshisß" ù m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" n;f,af.dv

ù' l=ud¾" wka;¾ cd;sl iy,a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh" ms,smSkh

f.dúlï iÕrdj2

jeä úh' ;jo hdka;%sl me<

isgqùfï§ yd w;ska me<

isgqùfïoS udi 4 - 4½ ù m%fNao"

udi 3 - 3½ ù m%fNao j,g jvd

ms<sfj,ska 13] yd 28] jeä

wiajekakla ,nd fok ,os'

ta ta jhia ldKav hdka;%sl

me< isgqùfï§ yd w;ska me<

isgqùfïos jd¾;d l<

wiajekak j.=j 1 ys oelafõ'

j.=j 1 - hdka;%sl me< isgqùfï§ yd w;ska

me< isgqùfï§ úúO jhia ldKav jd¾;d

l< wiajekak ^fylaghdrhg fuá%lafgdka&

jhia

ldKavh

me<

isgqùfï

l%uh

2016

h,

2016$17

uy

udi 4 -

4½hka;%fhka 6'5 4'9

w;ska 6'4 4'5

udi 3 -

3½hka;%fhka 5'5 4'6

w;ska 4'8 3'8

hdka;%sl me< isgqùu

i|yd iqÿiq ù m%fNao

udi 4 - 4½ ù

m%fNao w;=ßka Bg 403 lkak

foflys§u by< wiajekak-

la ,nd ÿka w;r Bg 379-2"

Bg 406" Bg 450 yd Bg

454 we;=¿ w;ayod n,k

,o ish¿u m%fNao uÕskao

id¾:l wiajekakla ,nd

.; yels úh ^j.=j 2&' udi

3 - 3½ ù m%fNao ie,lSfï§

Bg 357 lkak foflys§u

fylaghdrhg fuá%lafgdka

5'5 g jvd jeä wiajkq ,nd

ÿka kuq;a oekg ,xldfõ

jeämqru j.d lrk m%fNaoh

jk Bg 352 ka jd¾;d

jQfha wvq wiajekakls ^j.=j

3&' ;jo Bg 366" Bw 367

yd At 362 hk m%fNao me<

isgqjk hka;%h i|yd iqÿiq

nj m¾fhaaIK m%ÓM, j,ska

ikd: úh'

j.=j 2 - udi 4 - 4½ jhia ldKavfha ù

m%fNao jd¾;d l< wiajekak

^fylaghdrhg fuá%la fgdka&

m%fNaoh 2016 h, 2016$17 uy

Bg 379-2 7'2 4'9

Bg 403 7'0 5'3

Bg 406 7'0 4'7

Bg 450 6'0 4'8

Bg 454 5'1 5'0

j.=j 3' udi 3-3 1$2 jhia ldKavfha ù

m%fNao jd¾;d l< wiajekak

^fylaghdrhg fuá%la fgdka&

m%fNaoh 2016 h, 2016$17 uy

Bg 366 5'8 4'8

Bg 357 5'7 5'6

Bg 367 5'6 4'4

Bg 300 5'5 3'8

Bg 362 5'1 5'3

Bg 352 5'0 4'0


hdka;%sl me< isgqùu i|yd

iqÿiq mr;r" me< ixLHdj"

.eUqr iy me< isgqúh hq;=

jhi

udi 4 - 4½ ù m%fNao

^Bg 403& i|yd me< w;r

mr;rh fikaáóg¾ 14" 16 yd

21 f,io" udi 3½ ù m%fNao

^Bg 357& i|yd me< w;r

mr;rh fikaáóg¾ 12" 14

yd 18 f,io" isgqjk ,o me<

ixLHdj 4" 6 yd 8 f,io fjkia

lrñka isÿ l< m¾fhaIKfha§

me< w;r jeä mr;rhla yd

isgqùu ioyd wvq me< ixLHdjla

fhdod .ekSu wiajekakg n,mEula

isÿ fkdlrk nj fmkS .sfhah'

tu ksid udi 4 - 4½ ù m%fNao

i|yd fikaáóg¾ 30 x 18 o" udi

3½ ù m%fNao i|yd fikaáóg¾

30 x 18 f,io me< 4 ne.ska

isgqùfuka me< isgqùu i|yd wjYH

jk ì;a;r ù m%udKh wvq lr .;

yel' tfy;a m÷re oeóu wvq udi

3 - 3½ ù m%fNao i|yd wvq mr;rhla

fhdod .ekSu iqÿiqh'

me< isgqùfï .eUqr

fikaáóg¾ 1'5 isg 3'7 olajd

mrdihl fjkia lrñka iy

me< isgqjk jhi Èk 9" 12 yd

15 f,i fjkia lrñka isÿ lrk

,o m¾fhaIKfhka fmkS .sfha

fhdod .kakd ,o .eTqr fyda me<

j, jhi wkqj wiajkq fjkia

fkdjk njhs' hdka;%sl me<

isgqùfïoS isgqjd osk 1 - 2 l§

jqjo lafIa;%hg j;=r ne£u

l< yels kuq;a osk 9 la jhi

me< jeä .eUqrlska isgjQ úg

iuyr me< l=Kq ùug md;%

jQ ksid j;=r ne£u m%udo

l< hq;= úh' ;jo me<" osk

15 la muK ;jdfka ;enQ

úg wêl f,i uq,a j¾Okh

ùfuka hka;%hg oeóug

;jdk lmd fjka lsÍug

wmyiq ùu jeks .eg¿ we;s

jk nj ksÍlaIKh lrk

,oS' tu ksid osk 12 la muK

jhi me< uOHu .eUqrlska

isgqùu jvd;a iqÿiq nj

fmkS hk ,§' tfy;a

foaY.=Ksl l,dmh"

mfia iajNdjh yd

m%fNaofha Wi wkqj me<

isgqùfï .eUqr yd jhi

wjYH mßos fuu mrdih ;=<

fjkia lr .ekSfï yelshdj

we;'

fuu m¾fhaaIK

i|yd cd;sl wdydr ksIamdok

jevigyk ^2016 - 2018& iy

ms,smSkfha wka;¾cd;sl iy,a

m¾fhaIKdh;kh uÕska

l%shd;aul lrk CORIGAP

jHdmD;sfha uQ,Huh

odhl;ajh ,nd fok ,oS'

f.dúlï iÕrdj4

lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=

i|yd b;du;au m%fhdackj;a

ñ;=rl= jk g%elagrh ksis

f,i kv;a;= lsÍu uÕska

tu g%elagrfha mj;akd

wdhqI m%udKh jeä lr .;

yel' fj<|fmdf<a tla tla

udos,sfha g%elag¾ we;s w;r" ta

i|yd úúO fjkialï j,ska

hq;a kv;a;= l%shdldrlïo

we;' kuq;a fmdÿfõ iEu

g%elagrhla i|ydu wjYH

kv;a;= l%shdj,shla we;s

neúka" th Tnf.a ñ;=rdf.a

wdhqI jeä lr .ekSug

bjy,a úh yel'

1' g%elagrh iuÕ ,nd oS we;s

w;a fmd; (owner's manual)

fyd|ska lshjd wjfndaO lr

.kak' Tng w;afmd;la

fkdue;s kï th ,nd

.ekSug lghq;= lrkak'

tys" hka;%fha kv;a;=j

ms<sn| uQ,sl Wmfoia ;sfí'

g%elagrh iuÕ ,nd fok w;a

fmdf;ys (owner's manual)

my; i|yka lreKq wvx.=

úh yel'


kv;a;= l%ufõoh

fuuÕska ks;r l<

hq;= kv;a;= ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yel'

tkï tkacska f;,a udre

lsÍu" .sh¾ fmÜá" ä*rkai,a"

yhsfv%d,sla f;,a udre lsÍu"

peish f;,a$ .%Sia fhoSu"

fmrk$ *s,ag¾ udre lsÍu

wdosh'

msßú;rhka

fuuÕska Tng

.sh¾ fmÜá$ ä*rkai,a"

yhsfv%d,sla moaO;s" fí%la

moaO;s iy f¾äfhag¾ i|yd

fhosh hq;= ødjK j¾.

^f;,a" coolant wdÈh& yd tu

moaO;s j, Odß;djka ms<sn|

j.=jla ;sfí' óg wu;rj

gh¾ i|yd wjYH jdhq

mSvkh (Air Pressure) weK

;o l< hq;= m%udKh (Bolt

torques) iy kv;a;= i|yd

wjYH wfkl=;a úia;r ,nd

.; yel'

- .%Sia fhosh hq;= ia:dk ̂ .%Sia

ksm,a& f;,a uÜgu uksk

WmlrK (Dip stickle)

iy jdhq iy bkaOk

*s,ag¾ msßisÿ lsÍfï

Wmfoia'

- g%elagrfha l%shdoduhka

i|yd wjYH uQ,sl Wm-

foia'

wjYH wdhqO

fjk;a jdyk j,g

jvd m%udKfhka úYd, w`vq

wdhqO iy w¿;ajeähd lsÍfï

WmlrK g%elag¾ kv;a;=

lsÍu i|yd iQodkïj ;nd

.kak'

g%elagrfha wdrlaIdj

fndfyda l=vd

m%udKfha g%elag¾ j, ßhÿre

wdikh wdjrKh ùug

jy,la fkdue;s ksid wdik

iy tkacsu iys; fldgi

wdrlaId jk f,i .rdchl

.d,a lsÍu uÕska g%elagrfha

wdrlaIdj fukau os.= ld,Sk

meje;aug n,mdhs' tfia

.rdchla jeks wdjrKhla

fkdue;s kï ÿï ngh" wdik

yd tkacsu iys; fldgi

wdjrKh lr .ekSu iqÿiqh'

f;,a yd wfkl=;a øjH

mÍlaIdj

wfkl=;a jdyk

fuka Odjkh jk lsf,daóg¾

.Kk fyda ie;mqï .Kk

g%elag¾ j, fkdn,k w;r

jev meh tall uÕska tys

Odjkh$ l%shdldÍ;ajh

ukskq ,nhs' ta wkqj fuys

w;afmd; (owner's manual)

wkqj tkðka f;,a" .sh¾

fmÜá f;,a" f¾äfhag¾

ødjKh (Coolent) yhsfv%dA,sla

moaO;s f;,a wdÈh udre l<

hq;= wjia:d .ek wjfndaOhla

,nd .; hq;=h' tfia

fkdue;sj Bg jvd jeä

ld,hla hka;%h l%shdlsÍu

f.dúlï iÕrdj6

fjkia úh yelsh&

fn,aÜ iy yhsfv%d,sla

k, moaO;sh

Tnf.a g%elagrhg

yhsfv%d,sla moaO;shla

we;akï ta i|yd wêmSvk

k, ;sfí' tu k, moaO;s

j, f;,a ldkaÿ ùu fyda

fn,aÜ j, m¨ÿ ùï olakg

;sfí kï jydu tu fldgia

w¿;ajeähd lr.ekSu iqÿiqh'

tuÕska yhsfv%d,sla fmdïm

iy wfkl=;a WmlrK"

wdrlaId ùu yd by<

ld¾hlaIu;djhla ,nd

.ekSug yelsfõ'

;sßx. moaO;sh

fndfyda g%elag¾ j,

hdka;%sl ;sßx. (Mechanical

Brakes) we;s w;r msgqmi

welai,hg iïnkaOj fjka

fjkaj ,Sjr moaO;s uÕska

l%shd;aul fõ' ;sßx. ,Sjr

moaO;sh mÍlaId lsÍu yd ta

i|yd wjYH ;eka j,g f;,a

oud kv;a;= lsÍu yd ;sßx.

kshudldrj iSre udre lr

mj;ajdf.k hdu jeo.;ah'

udml (Meters)

g%elagrfha WmlrK

mqjrefõ (Meter Board) we;s

ish¿u udml (Meters) .ek

wjOdkfhka isàu jeo.;ah'

úfYaIfhka WIaK;aj udmlh

(Temperature Meter)

f;,a mSvk udmlh (Oil

uÕska fuu hka;% j, we;s

jákd hdka;%sl fldgia

blaukska laIh ù hd yel'

tajd kej; w¿;ajeähd lsÍu

i|yd o úYd, uqo,la jeh

ùugo mq¿jk' tksid tosfkod

Odjkh$ Ndú;d lsÍug fmr

by; lS Wmdx. j, f;,a

uÜgï" f;,a ldkaÿùï yd

negß wdfrdamKh wdosh o

mÍlaId lr ne,Su uÕska tu

fldgia j, meje;au jeä lr

.; yel'

gh¾ j, jdhq mSvkh

g%elagrfha bosß iy

miqmi gh¾ j, mSvkh

kshñ; m%udK j,ska ;sfí

oehs mÍlaIdldÍ úh hq;=h'

frdao y;f¾ gh¾ j, jdhq

mSvkh wvq ùu ks;ru

meyeos,sj fkdfmfka' bosß

mi ghr j, mSvkh

32PSL iy miqmi ghr j,

mSvkh 12 - 20 PSL mSvkh

;nd .ekSu iqÿiqh' ^uu ghr

mSvk tla tla g%elagr j, nr

yd gh¾ j, m%udKh wkqj


Pressure Meter) geflda ógrh

(Tacho Meter) iy weïmsh¾

ógrh iy wfkl=;a ish¿u

udml (Indicators) ms<sn|

ie,ls,su;a ùu jeo.;ah'

fuu udml (Meters) j,

fodaIhla we;s nj yefÕa

kï úoq,s ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=

uÕska w¿;ajeähd lr .ekSu

iqÿiqh'

bkaOk" jdhq" f;,a

fmrK

(Fuel, Air, Oil Filters)

wmøjH j,ska

hka;%hg isÿjk ydksh

uÕyrjd .ekSu i|yd

bkaOk" jdhq" f;,a fmrK

we;s w;r tu fmrK$

fYdaOl (Filters) iïnkaOj

mßCIdldÍ úh hq;=h'

bkaOk fmrKh

(Fuel/ Filter)

bkaOk fmrKh

u.ska bkaOk j, wvx.= c,h"

wmøjHkaf.ka bkaOk msßisÿ

lsÍu isÿlrhs' iuyr g%elagr

j, bkaOk fmrK folla

we;s w;r (Primary and

Secondary Filtes) bkaOk

j, c,h bj;a lsÍug fjku

fldgila tla *s,agrhl

;sfí' tuÕska c,h bj;a

l< yel' g%elagrh iuÕ §

we;s w;afmdf;ys (Owner's

Manual) i|yka wdldrhg

bkaOk fmrK (Fuel Filters)

kshñ; ld, jljdkq j,§

udre lsÍu fhda.Hh'

jdhq fYdaOlh

(Air Filter)

fndfyda úg g%elag¾

Ndú;d lrkqfha ¥ú,s iys;

mdr j, fyda fCIa;% j,

ksid tu jdhq fYdaOlh (Air

Filter) .ek wjOdkfhka

isáh hq;=h' Ndú;d lsÍu

wkqj ksr;=reju msßisÿ lsÍu

wjYHh' msßisÿ l< fkdyels

úg w¿;a fmrkhla iú l<

hq;=h'

tfukau g%elagrh$

hka;%h iuÕ ,nd § we;s

w;afmdf;a i|yka wdldrhg

tu ld, jljdkq j,§ w¿;ska

iú lsÍu o l< hq;=fõ'

f;,a fmrKh

(Oil Filters)

hka;%fha meje;au

i|yd tu hka;%fha w;a

fmdf;a (owner's manual)

i|yka mßos iEu f;,a udre

lsÍul§u f;,a fmrKh (Oil

Filter) udre lsÍu iqÿiqh'

tfukau f;,a

iuÕ wmøjH fyda

c,h ñY% ù we;akï

tu f;,a fmrKh (Oil

Filter) msßisÿ lsÍu fyda

w¿;ska imhd iú lsÍu

l< hq;= w;r f;,a o udre

lr w¿;ska kshu m%udKhg

fhoSu l< hq;=h'

f.dúlï iÕrdj8

f¾äfhagrh

(Radiator)

iEu Èklu g%elagrh

mK .ekAùug fmr

f¾äfhagrfha c, uÜgu

mßCId l< hq;=h' tfukau

Odjkfha§ Ydl fldgia"

lDóka jeks ndysr wmøjH

tl;= ùu u.ska f¾äfhagrfha

wjysr;djhka .ek

mßCIdldÍ úh hq;=h'

g%elagrhg .%Sia yd

f;,a fh§u

fjk;a jdyk j,g

idfmaCIj g%elagrfha p,kh

jk fldgia jeä ksid" wjYH

;eka j,g .%Sia$ ,sysis f;,a

fh§u iEu Ndú;d lsÍulska

miqju l< hq;=h'

g%elagrfha .%Sia

ksm,hka we;s ia:dk ms<sn|

iqmßCIdldÍ ùu yd tu iEu

ia:dkhlgu .%Sia fh§u l<

hq;=h' .%Sia fkdjÈk ksm,a

w¿;ska fh§u$ msßisÿ lr

kej; fh§u l< hq;=h'

úfYaIfhka iqlaldkï

moaO;sh" la,É iy ;sßx.

moaO;sfha ,Sjr ;=ka mqrela

weuqKqu (Three point hitch

pivot points) i|yd wod,

;eka j,g .%Sia fh§u l<

hq;=h'

tfukau g%elagrfha

.sh¾ fmÜáfha f;,a"

ä*rkaI,a f;,a" yhsfv%d,sla

moaO;sfha f;,a wdÈh

mßCId lsÍu yd tu

g%elagrfha w;afmdf;a i|yka

ld, jljdkq j, mrK f;,a

bj;a fldg w¿;a f;,a fh§u

l< hq;=h' ^iuyr g%elag¾

i|yd úfYaIs; f;,a Ndú;d

lsÍug Wmfoia ,nd§ ;sfí'

tu wod< f;,a Ndú;d lsÍug

o ie<ls,su;a úh hq;=h&


g%elagrhg wêl nr

fkdfh§u

f.dú;eka lghq;=

i|yd fuj,ï iúlsÍu

fyda m%jdyk lghq;= i|yd

fhdod.ekSfï§ tu hka;%hg

ks¾foaYs; nr yd m%udKfhka

fyda hq;a WmlrK Ndú;d

l< hq;=h' wêl nr we§u

fyda megùu fkdl< hq;=h'

g%elagrfha msßisÿlu

g%elagrh Odjkfhka

miq ks;ru msßisÿ l< hq;=h'

túg bkaOk iy f;,a

ldkaÿ ùula fyda hka;%hg

ydks ùula isÿù we;akï th

meyeÈ<sj oel.; yelsh'

úfYaI lreKq

² ãi,a g%elagrhla

mK.ekajQ jydu fõ.h

jeä lsÍu fyda Odjkh

lsÍu fkdl< hq;=h'

tkacsu r;a ùug bv

fokak' yhsfv%d,sla

fmdïm f;,a fmdïm iy

Tijkhka ys (Lifters)

g%elagrh mdúÉÑ fkdlr

;sfnk úg f;,a

^yhsfv%d,sla f;,a&

ldkaÿùug yel' thska

hka;% fldgia j,g ydks

isÿfõ' ta .ek wjOdkh

fhduq l< hq;=h'

² g%elagrfha kshñ;

ld,iSudfõ§ fiajd l<

hq;=h' ta i|yd fiajd

igyka ;nd .kak'

w;a fmdf;ys fï .ek

i|yka jqj;a wjYH meh

.Kk l%shd fkdlrk

g%elagrhla kï hï ld,

iSudjloS f;,a udrelsÍu

iy fiajd lsÍu l< hq;=h'

² .%Sia fh§fï§ nr mgjd

we;s úg;a nr rys;j;a

.%Sia fh§fuka fyd|ska tu

ia:dk j,g .%Sia msrùu

l< yel'

² g%elagrfha negßh .ek

mÍlaIdldÍ jkak' ks;r

Ndú;d fkdlrk

g%elagrhl negßfha n,h

wvq ùu isÿfõ' jßkajr

g%elagrh mK .kajd

negßh wdfrdamKh

^pd¾Ê& ùug i,iajkak'

tfia mK .ekaùfuka

ks;r Odjkh fkdlrk

tkacsu r;aùug

i,iajkak'

f.dúlï iÕrdj10

² r¿ fCIa;% lghq;= i|yd

g%elagrh Ndú;d lrk

úg g%elagrfha miqmi

ghr j, lÜgd tlúg

miqmig Odjkh jk

wdldrhg udre l< hq;=h'

^ju ol=K ghr udre

lsÍu u.ska& tfukau

tla tla fCIa;% lghq;=

i|yd fhdod .ekSfï§

Wmßu ld¾hCIu;djla

,nd.ekSug frdao

mr;rhka ^fjk;a

fuj,ï iú lsÍu&

msßú;rhkag wkqj isÿ

isÿl< hq;=h'

² yhsfv%da,sla moaO;s

j, f;,a m%udK .ek

úuis,su;aùu jeo.;ah'

² msgqmi frdao iúlr we;s

weK (Log Nuts / Wheel

Nuts) ks;ru nqre,aj

;sfíoehs mÍlaIdldÍ

jkak'

wjjdohhs

² g%elagrfha we;s wdjrK"

wdrlaId ljr iy

wdrlaIl WmlrK bj;a

fkdlrkak'

² wu;r fldgia iy

WmlrK ñ,oS .ekSfïoS

tajdfha we;s msßú;rhka

yd Wmfoia ms,smoskak'

² fí%la ,hsk¾ msßisÿ

lsÍfï§ tajd

weianeiafgdaia j,ska

;kd we;s neúka

thska msgjk ¥ú,s iys;

jdhqfjka ms,sld jeks

frda. yg.kakd ksid

wdrCIdldÍ jkak'

² úYd, nrla fyda .iaj,

l|ka weoSug welai,a fyda

yria nd¾ tlg oïje,a

fyda lUhla oud weoSfïoS

Odjkh k;rù frdao lr-

leù g%elagrh fmr,Sug

bv we;'

² g%elagrfha tkacsu

fldgia fjk;a jdykj,

fuka wdjrKh fkdlr

we;s ksid r;a jQ miq isis,a

jk f;la kej; mK

.ekaùfuka j<lskak'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg

f;dr;=re tla lf<a"

ñ,skao iurfldaka

lDIsl¾u WmfoaYl"

lDIs m%ldYk tallh"

.kakfkdarej


idudkH f;dr;=re (

úh<s ld<.=Ksl ;;a;ajhg Tfrd;a;=

fok" b;d iS>%fhka j¾Okh jk" w,xldrh

msKsi j.d lrk Ydlhls' ysre t<sh m%sh lrhs'

fyd¢ka c,h nei hk uOHu m%udKfha ,jK

.;shla iys; mig reÑ njla olajhs' fuu

Ydlh w;= len,s fyda îc uÕska jHdma; lr.;

yelsh' fuu Ydlh úis;=re m;%sl Ydlhla f,i

j.d lrk w;r WoHdk w,xlrKfha§ nyq,j

Ndú;d fõ' fuys mqIamh Ü%ksgEâ yd fgdnEf.da

rcfha cd;sl mqIamhhs' fuu Ydlhg ó

ueiaika" iuk<hka iy wfkl=;a mlaISka nyq,j

wdl¾IKh fõ' r;= meye;s uks m;% ksid mqIamh

r;a meye nj fmkS hk uq;a ly meye;s mqIamsld

rdYshlska mqIam uxcßh iukaú; fõ' iqj|la

fkdue;s fuu u,a yg .ekSu WKqiqï ld<.=Ksl

;;a;aj hgf;a isÿ fjhs' È.eá M,h mef<k iq¿

iafMdaáldjls' fuys mshdm;a iys; îc rdYshlska

hqla;h' fuys oejh leìfkÜgq iy wfkl=;a

ieye,aÆ ,S nvq iE§u msKsi Ndú;d lrhs'

we;eï wjia:d j,§ oejh bkaOk iy .,a

wÕ=re ksIamdokfha§ fhdod .kshs' fuu Ydlfha

we;eï fldgia T!Iëh .=Kfhka iukaú;hs'

Ydlfha fmdÿ kduh ( jhs,aâ fmdhskafiáhd"

pdfldakshd

Ydl l=<h ( reìfhaisfha ^Rubiaceae&

WoaNso úoHd;aul kduh ( Warszewiczia coccinea nyq,j jHdma; ù we;s rgj,a ( uOHu yd ol=Kq

weußldj

iqÿiq foaY.=Kh ( ksj¾;k foaY.=Kh

Ydlfha iajNdjh ( óg¾ 8 la olajd Wilg jefvk

idudkH .ils'

msmqKq uf,a rej f.k wdfõ"

wdpd¾h wp,d w;a;kdhl - ksfhdacH wOHCI

iqNdIsKs fikúr;ak - jevigyka iyldr

rdclSh WoaNso WoHdkh" fmardfoKsh

f.dúlï iÕrdj12

;lald,s" frda. yd m<sfndaO

i|yd wêl md;%S;djhla

olajk fnda.hls' Y%S ,xldfõ

j.d lrk ;lald,s fnda.hg

ydks lrk njg y÷kdf.k

we;s lDóka w;ßka iqÿ

ueiaid" l=ä;a;d iy me<

uelald jeo.;a m<sfndaOlhska

f,i ie,fla' fuu lDóka hqI

Wrdîfuka fl,skau isÿlrk

ydkshg wu;rj j.djg

ffjria frda. fnda lrkq ,efí'

tneúka" jdKsc jYfhka j.d

lrkq ,nk ;lald,s j,g

wêl f,i lDñkdYl fhdokq

,efí' úfYaIfhkau ldnksl

fyda f.j;= j.djka f,i

;lald,s j.d lsÍfï§ fuu

lDóka md,kh lsÍu m%n,

.eg¿jlaj mj;S' tu ksid

fuu lDóka i|yd ridhksl

fkdjk md,k l%u jeä ÈhqKq

lsÍu w;HdjYH fõ'

ñY% fnda. j.d" wka;¾

fnda. j.d fyda iyhl fnda."

tkï m%Odk j.dj iuÕ

fjk;a fnda. fyda fjk;a Ydl

j¾. j.d lsÍu uÕska lDó

m<sfndaO md,kh lsÍu fjk;a

rgj, id¾:lj isÿlrkq

,efí' fuu ;dlaIKfha we;s

tla jdishla kï m%Odk j.dfõ

m<sfndaO lDó .ykhka

flfrys we;s lrkq ,nk

n,mEu uÕska tu fnda.hg

isÿjk m<sfndaO ydks wju

lsÍu nj úoHd;aulj Tmamq lr

we;' fndfyda Ydl úfYaI j,

zzwe,Sf,dflñl,aZZ jYfhka

y÷kajk iajdNdúl ridhksl

ixfhda. wvx.= jk w;r tu

ixfhda. j,g lDóka m,jd

yeÍfï fyda wdl¾IKh

lr.ekSfï yelshdj

we;' tfiau iuyr Ydl j¾.

tayd wdikakj j.d lrk

fjk;a Ydl j¾. j, j¾Okh

jeälsÍug iy tu Ydl j,

wiajekafka m%udKh

jeälsÍug fyda rih ^flavour&

jeälsÍu uÕska .=Kd;auh

by< oeóug WmldÍjk nj

jd¾;d ù we;' ñY% j.djla


weiqßKs


f,i ;lald,s j.dlsÍfï§

lDñ m<sfndaO ydks wvq

jk nj fjk;a rgj,

m¾fhaIKd;aulj fmkajd

§ we;' fï i|yd iyhl

fnda. f,i fhdod.; yels

Ydl .Kkdjla úoHd;aul

,sms j, yd wka;¾cd,fhys

i|ykaj we;' tfiau

;lald,s fnda.fhka bj;g

lDóka wdl¾IKh lr.ekSu

i|yd W.=,a fnda. fhdod

.ekSu o l< yelsfõ' tneú-

ka" ;lald,s j.dfõ hqI Wrd-

fndk lDóka md,kh i|yd

f;dard.;a iydhl fnda.

lsysmhl ld¾hlaIu;dj

mÍlaId lsÍfï wruqKska

fuu wOHhkh 2014 isg 2016

olajd ld,h ;=< fmardfoKsh"

.kafkdrej WoHdk fnda.

m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok

wdh;kfha§ isÿ lrk ,§'

fuu m¾fhaIK

lghq;= i|yd iyhl fnda. myla

^nKavlald" ,Slaia" odiafm;shd

lrá yd ñkaÑ& f;dard .kakd

,§' m%Odk fnda.h jk

;lald,s ^;s,sK m%fNaoh&

j.d lrk ,o óg¾ 4 x 3'6

m%udKfha tla tla m¾fhaIK

fldgq jgd fikaáóg¾ 50 la

ÿßka fma<s folla jYfhka

isák mßÈ tla tla j¾.fha

iyhl fnda.h ne.ska isgqjk

,§' fnda.h m<sfndaOkdYl

fh§fuka f;drj md,kh

lrñka iajdNdúl f,i frda.

yd m<sfndaO wdidokh ùug

bv yßk ,§' mQ¾K wyUqlrK

lÜá ie,iqu ^Randomized

Complete Block Design& wkqj

m%;sj,s; ;=klska hq;=j lafIa;%

m¾fhaIK lghq;= isÿ lrk ,§'

tla tla m¾fhaIK fldgqfjka

wyUq f,i f;dard.;a m;% 10

l ^tla Ydlhlska o¿ m;% 2

ne.ska jk mßÈ fldgqfõ

ueo fma<s j,ska wyUq f,i

f;dard.;a Ydl 5 lska

,nd.;a m;% o& isák iqÿ

ueiaika iy l+ä;a;ka

ixLHd ms<sn| o;a; i;sm;d

igyka lr.kakd ,§' ;jo"

tu wdldrfhkau ,nd.;a

wu;r m;% 10 l ksheÈh ne.ska

iEu fldgqjlskau ,ndf.k

fmd,s;Ska u¿j, nyd /f.k

f.dia m¾fhaIKd.drfha§

wkaùlaI ;a;aj hgf;a mÍlaId

lr me< uelalka ixLHdj

.Kka lrk ,§' ffjria

frda. widÈ; me< ixLHdj iy

m¾fhaIK fldgqfõ uq¿ me<

ixLHdjo igyka lr.kakd

,§' wiajkq ,nd .kakd iEu

wjia:dfõ§u wiajekak ms<sn|

o;a; igyka lr.kakd ,§'

lkakh ;=< lDó .yKhkaf.a

idudkH w.hka ms<sn| o;a;

f,d.a w.hkag mßj¾;kh

lr tu w.hka ixLHd;aulj

úYaf,aIKh ^Co-varience

analysis& lrk ,§' ffjria

frda. widÈ; me< ixLHdfõ

m%;sY;h ms<sn| o;a; iy

wiajekak ms<sn| o;a;hka o

ixLHd;aulj úYaf,aIKh

^Analysis of Varience& lrk

,§'

iyhl fnda. jYfhka

nKavlald" ,Slaia yd ñkaÑ

m%Odk fnda.h jk ;lald,s

fnda.fha iqÿ ueiaikaf.a

wdidokh wvq lrkq ,nk

nj fuu wOHhkfhka fmkS

hk ,§ ^j.=j 1&' lerÜ

u.ska iqÿ ueiaikaf.a .ykh

wvqùula olakg fkd,enqk

o tu.ska ;lald,s fnda.h

ffjria frda. wdidokfhka

wdrlaId jk nj olakg ,enqKs'

ñkaÑ iyhl fnda.hla

jYfhka j.dlsÍu ;lald,s

fnda.fha ffjria frda.

wdidokh uOHia: jYfhka

wvq lsÍug n,mdk w;r ,Slaia

yd odiafm;shd j,ska ta i|yd

lsisÿ n,mEula fkdue;s nj

olakg ,enqKs'

f.dúlï iÕrdj14

j.=j 1 - 2014$15 uy iy 2015 h, lkak j,§ .kafkdarefõ§ j.d l< ;lald,s fnda.fha

ffjria frda. wdidokh flfrys iydhl fnda. j,ska we;sjQ n,mEu

m%;sl¾uhuOHhkah ffjria frda. wdidok m%;sY;h

2014$15 uy 2015 h,

nKavlald iuÕ ;lald,s 28.11 c 5.18

lerÜ iuÕ ;lald,s 30.39 bc 6.67

ñkaÑ iuÕ ;lald,s 41.61 abc 3.33

,Slaia iuÕ ;lald,s 50.74 abc 16.67

odiafm;shd iuÕ ;lald,s 53.59 ab 8.51

;lald,s muKla 55.51 a 6.78

C.V. % 7.03 N.S.

óg wu;rj ;lald,s iuÕ ,Slaia" ñkaÑ" lerÜ yd nKav-

lald iyhl fnda. jYfhka j.d lsÍfuka ;lald,s muKla j.d

l<= úg ,efnk wiajekakg jvd by, wiajekakla ;lald,s j,ska

,nd §ug tu iyhl fnda. n,mdk nj meyeÈ,s úh ^j.=j 2&'

j.=j 2 - 2014$15 uy iy 2015 h, lkak j,§ .kafkdarefõ§ iyhl fnda. iuÕ ;lald,s j.d

lsÍfuka ,enqKq wiajekak

m%;sl¾uh

2014$15 uy lkakh 2015 h, lkakh

uq¿ wiajekak

^fgdka$fyla&

wiajekak jeä

lsÍfï m%;sY;h

uq¿ wiajekak

^fgdka$fyla&

wiajekak

jeä

lsÍfï

m%;sY;h

,Slaia iuÕ ;lald,s 4.437 a 71.45 21.88 ab 19.73

nKavlald iuÕ ;lald,s 3.904ab 50.85 17.73 bc -

lerÜ iuÕ ;lald,s 3.872ab 49.61 16.96 bc -

;lald,s muKla 2.588b - 18.27 bc -

ñkaÑ iuÕ ;lal,s 2.540 b - 25.30 a 38.48

odiafm;shd iuÕ ;lal,s 1.531 bc - 11.28 c -

C.V. % 42.82 - 21.23 -

fuu wOHhkfha§ wju wiajekak ,ndfok ,oafoa iyhl fnda.hla f,i odiafm;shd iuÕ

j.dlrk ,o ;lald,s j.dj fõ' odiafm;shd uÕska ;lald,s j.djg fh¥ fmdfydr ,nd.ekSu ksid

yd odiafm;shd Ydl b;d ire f,i jeã ;sîu ksid we;sjQ fijK ksid iuyrúg ta iuÕ j.d l< ;lald,s

j, wiajekak wvqùug th fya;=jQjd úh yelsh' ;lald,s fndafha hqI Wrd fndk lDóka .ykh yd

ffjria frda. wdidokh wvqlr.ekSug ;lald,s iuÕ iyhl fnda. f,i ,Slaia" ñkaÑ" lerÜ yd

nKavlald j.d lsÍu iqÿiq nj fuu mÍlaIKfha iuia: m%;sM, wkqj fmkS hhs'

odiafm;shd iuÕ ;lald,s j.d lsÍu

lerÜ iuÕ ;lald,s j.d lsÍu

ñkaÑ iuÕ ;lald,s j.d lsÍu



weiqßKs

ye|skaùu

yß; úma,jh;a iuÕ

fnda. j.djka i|yd ridhksl

fmdfydr Ndú;h nyq, úh'

Y%S ,xldfõ ù" m,;=re" t<j¿"

lafIa;% fnda. yd jeú,s fnda.

i|yd 2016 jif¾§ fmdfydr

fgdka 879"900 Ndú;d lr

we;' fmdfydr Ndú;d lrkq

mfia we;s fmdaIl

;;a;ajh ridhksl fmdfydr

Ndú;h ksid úYd, f,i

fjkia l< yelsh' mfia

fmdaIl iu;=,s;;dj

fkdìf|k f,i fmd-

fydr Ndú;d lsÍu isÿl<

hq;+h' tfia fkdjqk fyd;a

mfia fkdfhl=;a .eg¿ldÍ

;;a;ajhka we;sùug

fya;= fõ' úfYaIfhka

flaa' ta' f¾kqld" ví' tï' whs' fikúr;Ak

fCIa;% fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

uyb¨mam,a,u

,nk m%udKh" fnda.h

wkqj fjkia fõ' ish¨

fnda. i|yd fmdfydr

ks¾foaY we;s kuq;a iuyr

wjia:dj,§ fuu ks¾foaYs;

fmdfydr m%udKhg

jvd jeämqr fhdok

wjia:d we;' úfYaIfhka

uqo,a fnda. i|yd fuh oelsh

yel'

f.dúlï iÕrdj16

mfia kSfrda.S njg th

.eg¨jla fõ'

î Ækq Y%S ,xldfõ

j.dlrkq ,nk uqo,a fnda.

hla jk w;r wkqrdOmqr"

ud;f,a yd yïnkaf;dg hk

osia;s%lal j, jeä jYfhka

j.dlrkq ,nhs' î Ækq

uqo,a fnda.hla jk

neúka f.dùka tys jeä

wiajkq n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka

fkdfhl=;a ridhksl

fmdfydr j¾. fkdfhl=;a

m%udK j,ska fh§u isÿfõ'

kuq;a Tjqkag î Ækq j,

úNj wiajekak ,nd .ekSug

fkdyels ù we;s w;r mfia

fkdfhl=;a .eg¨ldÍ

;;a;aj we;sù ;sfí' mdxY=

úYaf,aIKh uÕska tu fmdaIl

;;a;ajhkaf.a fjkia ùu

y÷kd.; yelsh'

wkqrdOmqr Èia;s%lalfha

bmf,da.u m%dfoaYSh f,alï

fldÜGdYfha î Ækq j.d

lrk fCIa;% 45 l mia idïm,a

mÍCId lsÍu i|yd fikaáóg¾

0 - 15 .eUqßka idïm,a

,nd.kakd ,oS' fuu

idïm, j, pH" úoHq;a

ikakdhl;djh" fnda.hg

,nd.; yels fmdiamria

m%udKh" yqjudre l< yels

fmdgEishu m%udKh" ldnksl

øjH m%udKh" ,nd.; yels

iskala yd fldm¾ m%udK

úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§'

pH w.h yd úoHq;a

ikakdhl;dj

úYaf,aIKh l<

idïm,a j, pH w.h 4'5

isg 7'9 olajd fjkia úh'

idïm,a j,ska 64] muK

î Ækq j.djg iqÿiq pH

w.hla mej;=Ks' ^6'75& úoHq;a

ikakdhl;djh 0'03 isg 0'72

olajd fjkia ù ;snqK w;r

38] muK idïm,a j, úoHq;a

ikakdhl;d w.h 0'15 jeä

w.hl mej;=Ks' fuu miaj,

,jK ;;a;ajh we;sfjñka

mj;S' tneúka î Ækq j.d

lrk iuyr fCIa;% j, pH

yd úoHq;a ikakdhl;d w.h

j.djg iq¥iqq m%Yia: uÜgul

fkdue;'

ldnksl øjH m%;sY;h

úYaf,aIKh lrkq

,enQ idïm,a j, ldnksl øjH

m%;sY;h 0'5] - 3'1] olajd

fjkia ù we;' úYaf,aIKh

lrkq ,enQ idïm,a j,ska 97]

muK m%udKhl ldnksl

øjH m%;sY;h 3] lg jvd wvq

w.hl we;' idrj;a mil

ldnksl m%;sY;h 3] - 6]

w;r m%udKhl ;sìh hq;=h'

kuq;a fuu úYaf,aIKh

l< mia j, ldnksl øjH

m%;sY;h fuu uÜgfï

fkdue;' tneúka fuu

mdxY= úYaf,aIKh lrkq ,enQ

lafIa;% j,g ldnksl

fmdfydr tl;= lr .ekSu

l< hq;= fõ'

yqjudre l< yels

fmdgEishï

fuu úYaf,aIKh

lrkq ,enq mia idïm,a

j, yqjudre l< yels

fmdgEishï m%udKh 43 mg/kg

isg 365 mg/kg olajd fjkia

ù ;snq w;r úYaf,aIKh l<

idïm,a m%udKfhka 50]

jeä m%udKhl fmdgEishï

m%udKh 117 mg/kg


jeä w.hl mej;=ks'

fuu mia fmdgEishï

b;d wêl ldKavhlg jefÜ'

mfia fmdgEishï wêl jk úg

th Ydl uÕska ,nd .efkk

khsg%cka" le,aishï"

ue.akSishï m%udKh wvq

lsÍug fya;= fõ' tkï mfia

fmdaIl wiu;=,s;;djhla

we;s fõ'


fuu úYaf,aIKh

lrkq ,enQ mia idïm,a j,


m%udKh 4'3 mg/kg isg

100 mg/kg olajd fjkia ù

we;' mfia wvx.= fmdiamria

m%udKh 30ppm jvd

jeäfõ kï tu mig fm-

diamria wvx.= fmdfydr

fh§u wjYH fkdfj' fuu

úYaf,aIKh l< idïm,a j,ska

46] m%udKhl ,nd.; yels

fmdiamria m%udKh 30ppm

jvd jeäh' tneúka fuu

lafIa;% i|yd B<Õ lkak-

fha j.djka i|yd fmdiamria

fh§u wjYH fkdfõ'

,nd.; yels fldm¾

yd iskala

fnda. i|yd mfia

;sìh hq;+ fldm¾ yd iskala j,

wju uÜgu ms<sfj,ska 1 - 2

mg/kg yd 0'7 - 1 mg/kg fõ'

úYaf,aIKh l< mia idïm,a

j, ,nd .; yels fldm¾

m%udKh 0'96 mg/kg isg 5'3

mg/kg olajd fjkia jk

w;r ,nd.; yels iskala

m%udKh 1 mg/kg isg 3'6

mg/kg olajd fjkia fõ'

,nd.; yels fldm¾ 2 mg/kg

lg jvd jeä idïm,a m%;sY;h

78] jQ w;r ,nd.; yels

iskala 1 mg/kg lg jvd jeä

idïm,a m%;sY;h 92] úh'

fuu mia idïm,a

úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka ,enqKq

f;dr;=re wkqj fmkS hkafka

fuu î Ækqq j.dlrkq

,nk lafIa;%j,ska 95]

jeä m%udKhlg ldnksl

fmdfydr mig fhÈh

hq;= nj;a fmdiamria

yd fmdgEishï wvx.= ridhksl

fmdfydr B<Õ lkakfha§

iuyr" lafIa;% i|yd fhoSu

wjYH fkdjk nj;a Zn yd

Cu hk laIqø fmdaIl o iuyr

lafIa;% j, wjYH m%udKhg

wvx.= ù we;s nj;ah'

fuu m¾fhaIK

m%;sM, uÕska ks.ukh l<

yelafla fuu î Ækq j.d

flafIa;% j, fmdaIl uÜgu

fCIa;%fhka fCIa;%hg fjkia

jk neúka ish¨ fCIa;%

i|yd fmdÿ jQ fmdfydr

ks¾foaYhka wkq.ukh

lsÍu iqÿiq fkdjk njhs'

tneúka j.dj wdrïNhg

fmr wod< lafIa;%fha mdxY=

fmdaIl ;;a;ajh mÍCId lr

ta wkqj wjYH fmdfydr

m%udKh ks¾Kh lsÍu

b;du;a jeo.;a fõ'

fuuÕska mfia fmdaIl

wiu;=,s;;dj j<ld .;

yels neúka fnda.fha

wiajekak jeä úug fya;=

jk w;r wd¾Ólj o

jdisodhl fõ' ;jo" wêl

fmdfydr Ndú;fhka

mßirhg jk ydksh o j<ld

.; yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdj18

l=l¾ìfÜisfha ^Cucarbitaceae&

Ydl l=,hg wh;ajk

msms[a[d f,dalfha iEu

rglu mdfya ld w;r;a b;d

ckm%sh" wd¾Ól jYfhka uy;a

m%fhdackhla we;s fnda.hls'

msms[a[d j, we;s by< c,

m%;sY;h iy fjk;a ridhksl

ixfhda." ñksia YÍrfha ñh.sh

merKs ffi, fldgia yd

isrerg we;=¿ jk ridhksl

úI ixfhda.hka bj;a lsÍug

yelshdjla fmkajhs'

kejqï msms[a[d

M,fhka c,h bj;aùfï

wêl fõ.h iy by< Yajik

fõ.h ksid b;d blauKska

M,h /,s jeàu" fõ,Sfï

iajNdjhlg md;%ùu" meyeh

iy kejqï rih fjkia ùu

wd§ lreKq u; .=Kd;aulj

msßySulg ,lafõ' fï ksid

msms[a[d l,a;nd .ekSfï

§ f.dùka úYd, .eg¿jlg

uqyqKmdk w;r flá Ôú;

ld,h ksid úYd, f,i miq

wiajkq ydks j,g ,lafjhs'


weiqßKs


fndfyda m,;=re

iy t<j¿ j, miq wiajkq

.=Kd;aul nj iy tajdfha

Ôú; ld,h flfrys wiajkq

fk,Sug m%:uj lafIa;%fha§

isÿlrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï

^fmdfydr Ndú;h$

ridhk øjH Ndú;h$

fnda. m%fNaoh$ lafIa;%

l%shdldrlï& n,mdkq ,nk

njg úoHd{hska úiska fidhd

f.k we;' tfukau ldnksl

fmdfydr Ndú;h

uÕska m,;=re iy t<j¿

j, .=Kd;aul nj by<

kexùug iy tajdfha

ridhksl ixhq;sh flfrys

hï n,mEula we;s l< yels

njgo idlaIs yuqfõ' ldnksl

fmdfydr Ndú;h uÕska

mfiys jHqyh yd .=Kd;aul

nj j¾Okh lrk w;r mfiys

laIqø Ôù .ykh yd Tjqkaf.a

l%shdldÍ;ajh hym;a lsÍugo

l%shdlrhs' tuÕska mfiys

c,h iy jd;h r|jd .ekSfï

yelshdj jeä ÈhqKq

lrk w;ru fnda.

j, ksIamdo;djh yd

wiajkq m%udKho by<

kxjhs' ldnksl fmdfy-

dr uÕska mfiys yd fnda.

j, we;s lrkq ,nk fuu

fjkia ùï fl,skau fnda.

j, .=Kd;aul njg" rid-

hksl ixhq;shg yd tajd

l,a;nd .ekSfï ld,h jeä

lsÍug o n,mdk w;r tuÕs-

ka fnda. j, we;s wys;lr

;;a;ajhkg uqyqK§fï we;s

yelshdjo by< ouhs'

fuu lreKq mokï lr

.ksñka ldnksl fmdfydr

Ndú;h msms[a[d j,

.=Kd;aulNdjh" l,a;nd.

ekSfï yelshdj yd ridhksl

ixhq;sh ^úfYaIfhka

m%;sTlaisldrl .=Kh&

flfrys flfia n,mdkafkao

hkak ms<sn|j lkak

lsysmhla uq¿,af,a

.srd÷refldaÜfÜ lDIsl¾u

m¾fhaIK ia:dkfha§

m¾fhaIK ud,djla isÿ lrk

,§'

fuys§ msms[a[d

m%fNaoh f,i l,amsáh iqÿ

^KaW& fhdod .kakd ,o w;r

lafIa;%fha j.d l< msms[a[d

fnda.h i|yd my; i|yka

fmdfydr m%;sldrhka isÿ

lrk ,È'

- 100] ridhksl fmdfydr

^fomd¾;fïka;= ks¾foaYh&

- 100] ldnksl fmdfydr

^fomd¾;fïka;= ks¾foaYh&

- 50] ridhksl fmdfydr

iy 50] ldnksl fmdfydr

- fmdfydr Ndú;d fkdlsÍu'

fmdfydr Ndú;h

yer wfkl=;a ish¿u

idOl iudk f,i fnda.

j,g ,ndÿka w;r" tla

tla fmdfydr m%;sldrl

uÕska ,ndÿka msms[a[d

fjk fjku wiajkq fk,d

.ksñka úoHd.dr m¾fhaIK

j,g Ndckh lrk ,È' tys§

my; i|yka m%;sM, ,nd

.ekSug yelsúh'

ldnksl fmdfydr

m%;sTlaisldrl n,h

flfrys n,mEu

ldnksl fmdfydr

Ndú;h msms[a[d fmd;af;ys

yd uofhys wvx.= jk

f.dúlï iÕrdj20

m%;sTlaisldrl n,h ie,lsh

hq;= f,i by< oeóug iu;a

úh' ldnksl fmdfydr fhdok

m%udKh jeäùu;a iuÕ

iudka;rj m%;sTlaisldrl

Yla;sh by< hdu olakg

,enqKs' fï wkqj 100]

ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥

msms[a[d kso¾Yl j,

fmd;af;ys yd uofha by<u

m%;sTlaisldrl yelshdjka

jd¾;d úh'

bkamiqj 50]la

ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥

msms[a[d kso¾Yl j,

fojkqjgo" ridhksl

fmdfydr muKla fh¥

msms[a[d kso¾Yl j,

;=kajkqjgo" m%;sTlaisldrl

.=Kh jd¾;d úh' 100]

ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥

kso¾Yl j, m%;sTlaisldrl

.=Kfha jeä ùu wfkla tajdg

idfmalaIj lemSfmfkk

uÜgul mej;sK'

ldnksl fmdfydr

.=Kd;aul

mrdñ;slhka

flfrys n,mEu

miq wiajkq ld,iSudj

;=<È msms[a[d M,j,ska c,h

bj;aùu uekSulg ,lal,

w;r" wvqu c, ydksùfï

m%;sY; w.h 100] ldnksl

fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl

j,skao jeäu c, m%;sY;hla

ydks ùu 100] ridhksl


j,skao jd¾;d úh' M, j,

oDV;djh ^Firmnes& .nvd

lr ;enQ ld,h ;=<§ ish¿u

kso¾Yl j, wvq ùulg

,laúh' tfy;a .nvd ld,h

wjidkfha§ by<u

oDV;djhla ;nd .ekSug 100]

ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥

msms[a[d kso¾Yl iu;a

jQ w;r 100] ridhksl

fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl j,

oDV;djh b;d blauKska

msßySulg ,laúh' c,ødjH

>k øjH j, w.h ^Total

Soluble Solids) 100] ridhksl


iy fmdfydr Ndú;d fkdl<

kso¾Yl j, b;d blauKska

by< .sh w;r 100] ldnksl


th my< uÜgul r|jd

.ekqKs' c,ødjH >k øjH

m%udKh by< hdu t<j¿ iy

m,;=re j, mßydksh ^b§u&

ixfla;j;a lrk idOlhla

jk w;r fuh wju uÜgul

mej;Su by< Ôú; ld,h

fmkajk ukd o¾Ylhls'

tfukau f,v frda.

j,g md;%S nj ^Disease

incidence& iy fmd;af;a we;s

jQ fN!;sl ixl+,;d ^Peel

disorders) ñkqï l< w;r"

fuu mrdñ;sl j, wju

w.hka jd¾;d lsÍug 100]

ldnksl fmfydr fh¥

kso¾Yl iu;a úh' fuu

mrdñ;sl j, by<u

w.hka 100] ridhksl


w;alr .kakd ,È'

by; ish¿u

mrdñ;slhka mokï lr

.ksñka mdßfNda.sl leue;a;

^Marketability) .nvd ld,h

;=<§ mdßfNda.slhska oi


fofkl= fhdod .ksñka

jßka jr fidhd .kakd ,È'

fï wkqj Èk 26 .;jk

;=re 100] ldnksl fmdfydr

fh¥ msms[a[d mßfNdackhg

mdßfNda.slhska leue;a; m,

l< w;r 100] ridhksl

fmdfydr fhÿ msms[a[d

mßfNdackhg leue;a; m,

lf<a Èk 16 .; jk ;=re

muKs' tfiau Èk 22 olajd 50]

ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥

kso¾Yl ñ,g .ekSug

mdßfNda.slhka leue;a;

oelajQ w;r" fmdfydr fkd-

fh¥ msms[a[d mßfNdckhg

Tjqka leue;a; m, lf<a Èk

15 la .;jk ;=re muKs'

ldnksl fmdfydr

msms[a[d j, miq

wiajkq Ôú; ld,h

flfrys n,mEu

by; i|yka l<

mrdñ;slhka fndfyduhla

fhdod .ksñka tla tla

msms[a[d kso¾Ylfha miq

wiajkq Ôú; ld,h idudkH

ldur WIaK;ajfha§ ñkqï

lrk ,È' tys§ 100] ldnksl

fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl Èk

26 l by<u Ôú; ld,hla

jd¾;d l< w;r Èk 15 yd 16

l wju Ôú; ld, ms<sj,ska

fmdfydr fkdfhÿ iy 100]

ridhksl fmdfydr fh¥

kso¾Yl j,ska jd¾;d úh'

ks.ukh

² msms[a[d j,

m%;sTlaisldrl n,h

ldnksl fmdfydr fh§u

jeä ùu;a iuÕ jeä úh'

² msms[a[d j, .=Kd;auh

flfrys ldnksl fmdfydr

lemSfmfkk f,i

n,mdk w;r ldnksl

fmdfydr fh¥ msms[a[d

by< .=Kd;auhlska hqla;

úh'

² ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h

msms[a[d j, miq wiajkq

.nvd ^Ôú;& ld,h

jeälrhs'

² ldnksl fmdfydr

Ndú;h uÕska msms[a[d

j, miq wiajkq ydks wvq

lr.ekSug yelshdjla

mj;S'

igyk (

fuu m¾fhaIKh

msms[a[d fnda.fha l,amsáh

iqÿ m%fNaoh muKla

fhdodf.k isÿ lr we;s

neúka wfkl=;a msms[a[d

m%fNao i|yd jk n,mEu

iy wfkl=;a t<j¿ yd

m,;=re i|yd jk n,mEu

oek.ekSu i|yd bÈßhg

m¾fhaIK lghq;= isÿl<

hq;=fõ'

tÉ' wd¾' mS' m%kdkaÿ

wdydr m¾fhaIK wdh;kh"

.kafkdarej

ví' Ô' î' wd¾' wdßhr;ak

lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok

uOHia:dkh"

.srdÿrefldaÜfÜ

fla' tï' tia'fldäldr

m%dfoaYSh lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd

ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" nKavdrfj,

mS' ùrisxy

WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd

ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" .kafkdarej

tÉ' tï' t,a' ksrdka

lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok

uOHia:dkh"

.srdÿrefldaÜfÜ

tia' tï' ta' iS' hQ' fiakdr;ak

wdydr m¾fhaIK wdh;kh"

.kafkdarej

f.dúlï iÕrdj22

fmdl=Kq

;=< u;aiH

j.dj ,xldfõ

fndfyda m%foaYj,

myiqfjka isÿl<

yelsh' úh<s l,dmSh

m%foaYhka j, j.djka

ioyd c,h .nvd lr

.ekSug ilialrk úYd,

m%udKfha fmdl=Kq ;=<

o fuh id¾:lj isÿ l<

yelsh' wd¾Ól ,dNhla

Wfoid fuu ñßÈh u;aiH

j.dj isÿ lrkafka kï ta

ioyd wju jYfhka j¾.

ógr 500 l m%udKfha

fmdl=Kla ilialr .;

hq;= fõ' u;aiH j.dj i|yd

fmdl=Kq ilia lsÍfï§

jeo.;a jkafka fmdl=fKys

.eUqr fkdj" fmdl=fKys

jmißhhs' fmdl=fKys

.eUqr fldf;la jeä l<

o tys ;ekam;a l< yels

u;aiH we.s,a,ka m%udKh

jeä l< fkdyelsh' kuq;a

fmdl=fKys jmißh jeä

jk úg ;ekam;a l< yels

u;aiH we.s,a,ka m%udKh

jeä l< yelsh' thg fya;=j

kï u;aiHhska iEu úgu

.ejfikafka c,fha u;=msg

uÜgfï isg ógr folla

muK .eUqrla olajd

mrdihl muKla ùuhs'

ñßÈh u;aiH l¾udka;h

ie,lSfï§" Y%%S ,xldfõ óg

oYl y;rlg muK § tyd

mej;s ;;a;ajhg jvd fï jk

úg hï ÈhqKqjla olakg ,efí'

ksoiqkla f,i .DydY%s;

fmdl=Kq ;=< j.djla

ñßÈh u;aiH l¾udka;h

jHdma; ùu oelaúh yelsh' fï

wdldrfha ñßÈh u;aiH

j.djla ;=<ska mjqf,a

fmdaIKh i|yd muKla fkdj

mjqf,a fukau rfgys wd¾Ólh

flfrys o ukd odhl;ajhla

,efí'


ñßÈh u;aiH j.dj ioyd

fmdl=Kla ilid .ekSu

01' iqÿiq ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSu

² iqÿiq mi

fuys§ fyd¢ka c,h rod

mj;sk mila f;dard .ekSu

jvd jeo.;ah' je,s wêl

mfiys c,h r|d mej;Su

wvqh' tuksid ueá f,dau

mi fyda frdkauv iys;

ueá f,dau mi iqÿiq fõ'

² c, iemhqu

fmdl=fKys c, uÜgu wvq

jk úg th kej; msrùu

ioyd j¾Idfjka fyda .,d

hk Èh myrlska ia:sr

c, iemhqula ;sìh hq;=h'

k, c,h Ndú;d lrkafka

kï fjk;a gexlshl

Èk lsysmhla .nvd lr

;nd laf,daÍka bj;a jQ

miq fmdl=Kg oeóug

iqÿiq ;;a;ajhg m;alr

.; hq;=fõ' .,d hk Èh

myrlska c,h ,nd .;

yels kï th jvd ia:sr

fukau ,dNodhS fõ'

² c, .e,Sï we;s fkdjk

ia:dkhla ùu'

² ¥Is; ia:dkhla fkdùu'

² myiqfjka ,Õd úh yels

ia:dkhla ùu'

² wdrlaIdj iys; ia:dkhla'

06' fmdl=K m;=,g w¿ yqKq

fylaghdrhg lsf,da.%Eï 1250

- 1500 fyda í,SÑka mjqv¾

^úrxck l=vq& fylaghdrhg

lsf,da.%Eï 300 jk f,i

fyd¢ka me;sÍ hk f,i biSu'

07' Èk y;rlg fyda mylg

miqj ilia l< fmdl=fKys

m;=, wÕ,a 08 - 10 .eUqrg mi

nqre,a lr thg" uq,ska fjka

lr .;a u;=msg mia iy j¾.

ógrhlg lsf,da .%Eï tlla

jk f,i f.du ñY% lsÍu l<

hq;=h'

08' tfia ñY% lsÍfuka miq ilid

.;a fmdl=fKka wvla c,h

msrùu isÿl< hq;=h'

09' i;s follg miqj

iïmQ¾Kfhka c,h msrùu

isÿlr .kak'

² jeä c,h wmjykh lsÍug

yels ia:dkhla ùu'

02' fmdl=K ilia lsÍug

kshñ; N+ñh fyd¢ka msßisÿ

lsÍu'

03' ógr 20 la m<, yd ógr

25 la È. fldgqjla ^fmdl=fKa

m%udKh& i<l=Kq lsÍu'

04' ,l=Kq l, iSudj ;=< wÕ,a

06 l muK jk u;=msg mia

;Ügqj iQrd bj;a lr fjkuu

f.dvlg tla lr .ekSu'

05' t;eka isg fmd<j uÜgfï

isg ógr 2 la .eUqrg mia bj;a

lsÍu l< hq;=h' tys§ fmdl=fKa

udhsfï isg fmdl=K ;=<g

wdk; jk f,i mia bj;a

lsÍug ie<ls,su;a úh hq;=h'

bj;a lrk mia fmdl=K jgd

jeáhla f,i tla lsÍfuka

fmdl=fKys jfÜ odrh ì§

leã hdu j,lajd .; yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdj24

fmdl=Kg by<ska uiqka

we,a,Sug fhdod.kakd

oe,lska wdjrKh lr Èh

ldjqka" fldl=ka" ms<syqvqjka

jeks mlaISkaf.ka jk ydks o

j<lajd.; yelsh'

fmdl=fKa c, uÜgu

ógr 1'5 - 2 w;r wiajkq

fk,k f;la fkdlvjd

mj;ajd .ekSug ie<ls<su;a

úh hq;=h' we.s,a,ka ;ekam;a

lsÍfuka udi 08 - 10 ld,

iSudjl§ u;aiH wiajekak

,nd .; yelsh' wiajkq fk,k

wjia:dj jk úg m%Yia: ;;a;aj

hgf;a jevqKq u;aiHhl=f.a

idudkH nr .%Eï 750 - 1000 la

muK jk w;r wfmalaIs; uq¿

u;aiH wiajekak lsf,da 800 la

muK fõ'

10' fufia ilid .;a

fmdl=Kg i;shlg muK

miqj u;aiH weÕs,a,ka

;ekam;a l< yelsh'

fï jk úg

fmdl=fKys c,h fld,

ÿUqre ñY% j¾Khla .kS'

fld< meyehg jvd;a

wdikak meyehla .kS kï

tys Ydl ma,jdx. jeämqr

we;' ÿUqre meyehg jvd;a

wdikak meyehla .kS

kï tys i;a;aj ma,jdx.

jeämqr we;' tfukau

tu wjia:dfõ § iqÿ meye

mSßishla c,fha wähla muK

.s,ajk úg fkdfmkS hhs kï

uiqka yg m%udKj;a wdydr

we;s njg ie,lsh yelsh' óg

wu;rj uiqka i|yd wdydr

m%udKj;a fkdjk úg wdydr

ilia lr ,nd §uo isÿ l<

hq;= fõ'

fujeks j¾.

ógr 500la jk fmdl=Kg

u;aiH we.s,a,ka 1500 lg

muK jeãug wjldYh

we;' ;s,dmshd" leÜ,d"

frdayq" ñß.d,a" flduka

ldma" is,aj¾ ldma" ì.a fyâ

ldma jeks u;aiH j¾. fufia

j.d l< yelsh' wNsckk

uOHia:dk j,ska /f.k tk

u;aiH we.s,a,ka fmdl=K

;=<g uqod yeÍu tljr

isÿ fkdl< hq;=h' m<uqj

we.s,a,ka iys; fmd,s;ska u¿

fmdl=Kq c,fha ñks;a;= 10 -

15 l muK ld,hla mdfjñka

;sfnkakg yer miqj u¿

újr lr flfuka fmdl=Kq

c,h u¿ ;=<g we;=¿ ùug

i,iajd l%ufhka uiqka yg

u¿ ;=,ska msg ù hdug bv

yeßh hq;= fõ' tfia lsÍ-

fuka mßir ;;a;aj fjkia

ùu ksid we;sjk úvdj ksid

uiqka ñh hdu wju lr .;

yelsh'

fmdl=K jgd ógrhla

muK Wig l=vd isÿre iys;

oe,lska wdjrKh lsÍfuka

lnreka" Èhn,a,ka jeks

úf,damsl i;=kaf.ka

u;aiHhskag úh yels ydks

md,kh l< hq;= fõ' ;jo

ñßÈh u;aiH j.dj ms<sn| Tnj

oekqj;a lrkafka"

iS' wd¾' ;srdK.uf.a

;dlaIK iyhl ^lDIs jHdma;s&

lDIs ;dlaIK WoHdk tallh

.kafkdarej


Y%S ,dxlSh wmyg ù

f.dú;efkys È.= ld,Sk

b;sydihla mj;S' ta ta

foaY.=Ksl yd ld<.=Ksl

;;a;ajhkg wkql+, jQ ù

m%fNaohkays wjYH;djh

bgq lsÍu i|yd n;,f.dv

ù m¾fhaIK yd

ixj¾Ok wdh;kh yd

wkqnoaO wdh;k úiska

ksrka;rj ù m%fNao y÷kajd§u

isÿ lrk ,È' fuys§ jeä

wjOdkh udi 3 1$2 ù m%fNao

i|yd jQ w;r udi 03 ù

m%fNao o ie,lsh hq;=

m%udKhla y÷kajd §u isÿ

lr we;' h, uy lkak

foflysu jeä jYfhka

j.d flfrk jhia ldKavh

udi 3 1$2 jk w;r udi 03

ldKavh fojk ;ekg m;aj

we;'

kuq;a uE; ld,Sk

ld<.=Ksl úm¾hdi yuqfõ

lkakhg isÿ lrk ù j.dj

ksrka;rj wys;lr n,mEï

j,g ,lafõ' kshx ;;a;ajhka

fya;= fldg f.k uyd jdß

m%foaY j, ù j.djg m%udKj;a


weiqßKs

c,h iemhSfï wmyiq;d mek

kef.k w;r iq¿ jdßud¾.

iy wyia Èfhka j.d

flfrk l=Uqre ysñ f.dùka

o fuu ;;a;aj hgf;a

fnfyúka msvdjg m;aùu

fkdje<elaúh yels

lreKls' jßka jr we;sjk

c, ysÕ;dj u; udi 3 1$2

jhia ldKavfha ù j.dj

fndfyda ÿrg fuu m%foaY

j, wid¾:l ùu isÿfõ'

tksid wvq c, m%udKhlska

j.d l< yels flá ld,Sk ù

m%fNaohkays wjYH;dj kshx

f.dúlï iÕrdj26

;;a;aj hgf;a jvd;a oeäj

mj;S' ;jo f;;a l,dmSh ù

j.dj ie,lSfïÈ wêl jeis

fya;= fldgf.k lkakh

wdrïN lsÍu m%udo ùu yd

.xj;=r ksid j.d ydks isÿjQ

l=Uqre i|yd kej; j.djg o

flá ld,Sk ù m%fNaohkays

wjYH;djh b;d by<

uÜgul mj;S'

oekg lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska Bg 750" Bg 250" Bg 251 ^GSR&

yd Bg 252 hk udi 2 1$2

ldKavfha ù m%fNao y÷kajd

§ we;' bka Bg 750 m%fNaoh

f.dùka w;r t;rï m%p,s;

fkdjq w;r Bg 250 m%fNaoh

my;rg f;;a l,dmh

;=< t;rï ckm%sh;djhla

fkdolajhs' tneúka flá

ld,Sk ^Èk 90g wvq&

ù m%fNao y÷kajd§fï

wjYH;djhla §¾> ld,hl

isg mj;S' tf,iu kj ù

m%fNaohka f.dúuy;=ka

yd mdßfNda.slhka w;r

jvd;a m%p,s; lsrSu i|yd

wNsckkh flfrk kj ù

m%fNaohkays îc wjmeye ùug

Tfrd;a;= §u" frda. m<sfndaO

ydks wju ùu iy by<

wiajekafkka yd

.=Kd;aufhka hq;= ùu

jeks lreKq ms<snoj jvd;a

ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'

tneúka fuu

lreKq ish,a, wruqKq fldg

f.k ,nqÿj ù m¾fhaIK

ia:dkfha udi 2 1$2 ù

m%fNao wNsckkh lsÍfï

m¾fhaIK l%shdj,sh isÿ fl-

reKs' fuysÈ wïn,kaf;dg

f.dú lafIa;%fhka fidhd

.ekqKq At 04 fláld,Sk

ù cdk ma,diauh Wmfhda.S

fldg f.k Ld 8-15-

30 f,i jrKhla f;dard

.ekSu isÿ flßKs' fuu

m%fNaoh ,nqÿj ù m¾fhaIK

ia:dkfhaÈ wiajkq mÍlaIK

j,go" m%fNao wkqj¾;s;

mÍlaIK hgf;a ,xldj mqrd

we;s m¾fhaIK lafIa;%j,

yd f.dú lafIa;% j,o

mÍlaIdjg Ndckh flreKs'

tu mÍlaIKhkaysÈ

by< iqÿiqlï fmkajQ fuu ù

m%fNaofha mj;sk .=Kd;auh"

wkqj¾;s;djh yd f.dùka

w;r mj;sk b,a,qu i,ld

n,d Ld 253 f,i 2016

j¾Ifha§ Y%S ,xldj mqrd

j.djg ks¾foaY lsÍu isÿ

lrk ,È'

Ld 253 ù m%fNaoh

uqrekalka m%foaYfhaÈ

fylagdrhg fgdka 10'1 l

by< wiajekakla j¾;d l<

w;r f;;a l,dmfhys by<

wiajekak fylagdrhg fgdka

4'73 la jq w;r th Wl=fj,

m%foaYfhka jd¾;d úh'

;jo fuu ù m%fNaoh úh<s

l,dmfha § idudkH wiajekak

fylaghdrhg fgdka 4'78

la jd¾;d l< w;r f;;a

l,dmfha È th fylaghdrhg

fgdka 3'53 la fõ'

b;d by<

.=Kd;aufhka hq;= iqÿ meye;s

uOHia: È.á iy,a iys; ù

m%fNaohla jk fuys

uOHia: weuhsf,dia

m%udKhla wvx.= jk

w;r msiq n; uDÿ

iajNdjfhka hqla; fõ' tu

ksid wdydrhg .ekSug we;s

jk reÑh jeäh' iy,a wegh

isyska È.á iajNdjhlska

hqla; jk w;r mdßfNda.sl

wdl¾IKh by<uÜgul

mj;S' iy,a msiSfï§ È. w;g

n;a weg j, Èla ùu isÿjk

ksid msiq n; ndiau;s n;a jeks

iajNdjhla .kS' ;jo

n; ms¿kq fkdù meh

12lg jeä ld,hla

;nd .ekSfï yelshdjla


mj;s' fuu m%fNaofha iy,a

msiQ miq n;a j, meyeh" iqj|

yd rih wdÈh i|yd jk

.=Kd;auh ms<sn| mÍlaIKf-

haÈ 90] jeä by< m%sh;djhla

jd¾;d lsÍug iu;a úh'

Ld 253 ù m%fNaofha

iskala" hlv yd fm%daàk hk

fmdaIH mod¾: wka;¾.;h

i|yd úYaf,aIKh isÿ flreKq

w;r tajdfha m%udKh ^iskala

26'1 ppm" hlv 38'75

ppm yd fm%daàk 6'02]&

,nq¥j ù m¾fhaIK

ia:dkfhka ks¾foaYs;

wfkl=;a udi 03 1$2 ù

m%fNaohka yd

ikaikaokd;aul uÜgul

mej;sKs'

frda. yd m<sfndaO

ydks ie,lSfïÈ fuu

m%fNaoh îc wjmeyeùu

i|yd by< m%;sfrdaë;djhla

olajhs' f.dla ueiaidf.a"

ÿUqreme< lSvEjdf.a ydksh

yd fld< md¿j i|yd

uOHia: m%;sfrdaë njla

Wiq,hs' fÊHIaG wNsckk

m¾fhaIK ks,OdÍ Ô'ta'

ðkodi uy;df.a yd ld¾h

uKav,fha odhl;ajfhka

,nq¥j ù m¾fhaIK ia:dkh

uÕska y÷kajd ÿka fuu

ù m%fNaoh f;;a l,dmSh

m¾fhaIK ia:dkhla úiska

jeä ÈhqKq fldg ks¾foaY

lrk ,o m<uq Èk 90 g

wvq flá ld,Sk ù m%fNaoh

fõ' fuu m%fNaoh úh<s

l,dmfha we;sjk wvq c,

;;a;aj hgf;a o f;;a

l,dmfha .xj;=r iy wêl

jeis fya;=fjka lkakh

mudjQ úg o flá ld,Sk ù

m%fNaohla f,i Ndú;d l<

yels wk.s y÷kajd §uls'

tï' iS' ñ,a,ú;dkÉÑ

Ô' ta' ðkodi

fÊ' fmdkakïfmreu wdrÉÑ

tï' ta' whs' ridka;s

hQ' ta' fÊ' r;akdhl

hq' tÉ' fla' ffjoHkd:

tia' tï' iS' tka o is,ajd

jhs' fÊ' moaud

jhs' tï' iS' yfrdaIdka

fla' fla' fÊ' jkaÈld

ù m¾fhaIK ia:dkh

,nqÿj

f.dúlï iÕrdj28


weiqßKs

² ye|skaùu

c,fha .=Kd;aufhka

fnda.hkaf.a ksIamdos;;djhg

jk wys;lr n,mEu wju lr

.ekSu Wfoid .; hq;= kshñ;

mdxY= l<ukdlrK ms<sfj;a

iïmdokh lr .ekSu i|yd

fnda.hka fj; iemfhk jdß

c,fha iy tu fnda. ia:dmkh

lr we;s N+ñfha fkd.eUqre N+.;

c,fha .=Kd;aufhys ld,dkqrEmS

iy ia:dkSh úp,H;djhka

ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍu b;d

jeo.;ah' fï i|yd uyje,s

zztÉZZ l,dmfha ù yd w;sf¾l

wdydr fnda. j.d moaO;shl

jdß c,fha" c,jyk c,fha iy

j.d N+ñfha fkd.eUqre N+.;

c,fha .=Kd;aufha ld,dkqrEmS

iy ia:dkSh úp,H;djhka

wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd

m¾fhaIKhla Èh;a lrk ,§'

² l%ufõoh

wOHhk lafIa;%hkaf.a msysàu

iy wOHk ld,iSudj

l,djej c, uQ,dY%fha

jdß c,h iemfhk uyje,s

zztÉZZ l,dmhg wh;a ;,dj

yd .,akEj m%foaYj, msysá

ù - w;sf¾l wdydr fnda. j.d

rgdjla l%shd;aul lrk l=Uqre

bvï folla fuu wOHhkh

i|yd f;dard .kakd ,§' uy

lkakh ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd

2014 j¾Ifha ckjdß isg ud¾;=

udihkays§;a" h, lkakh

ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd tu

jif¾u cQks ui isg iema;eïn¾

udihkays§;a c, idïm,"

úYaf,aIK lghq;= i|yd

tla/ia lrk ,oS'

rEmigyk 1 - isÿre iys; mS'ù'iS' k,

ia:dms; lrk ,o ia:dk i,l=Kq lr

mj;sk ^w& ;,dj iy ^wd& .,akEj

wOHhk mrsY%hkaf.a pkaøsld PdhdrEm

^w&


tu f;dard.;a l=Uqre bvï j,g

wod, fl;a we<j,ska" c,jyk

we< ud¾. j,ska iy ia:dms;

lrk ,o isÿre iys; mS'ù'iS'

k, j,ska iEu c, uqrhlg

jrla ne.ska c, idïm, tla/ia

lr .kakd ,oS'

c, idïm, úYaf,aIKh lsÍu

iïu; úoHd.dr

úYaf,aIK l%u Wmfhda.S lr

.ksñka c, idïm, j, úoHq;a

ikakdhl;djh" mS'tÉ' w.h"

fidaähï" le,aishï" ue.akSishï

iy fmdgEishï whk

idkaøKhka kS¾Kh lrk ,o

w;r zzfidaähï weífidamaIka

j.=j 1 - ;,dj (n = 8 - 14) iy .,akEj (n = 8 - 12) mrsY%hkaf.a 2013$14 uy iy 2014 h, lkak j,oS fl;a we< ud¾.j, iy

fCIa;%fha c,jyk we< ud¾.j, c,fha uOHkH úoHq;a ikakdhl;djhka" mS' tÉ' w.hka" fidaähï whk idkaøKhka" le,aishï

whk idkaøKhka" ue.akSishï whk idkaøKhka" fmdgEishï whk idkaøKhka iy "SAR" w.hka

mrdñ;slh m%Njh;,dj .,akEj

2013$14 uy 2014 h, 2013$14 uy 2014 h,

úoHq;a ikakdhl;djh

^ógrhg fvis iSukaia&

fl;a we< ud¾.h 0.31 b 0.26 b 0.33 b 0.28 b

c,jyk we< ud¾.h 0.53 a 0.57 a 0.60 a 0.66 a

mS' tÉ'fl;a we< ud¾.h 8.1 a 7.9 a 8.1 a 7.9 a

c,jyk we< ud¾.h 7.6 b 7.8 a 7.7 b 7.5 b

fidaähï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

fl;a we< ud¾.h 12.6 b 19.1 b 19.8 a 16.0 b

c,jyk we< ud¾.h 30.7 a 45.1 a 28.2 a 41.3 a

le,aishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

fl;a we, ud¾.h 8.0 a 7.9 a 8.2 a 7.9 a

c, wmjyk we, ud¾.h 7.6 b 7.8 a 7.6 b 7.5 b

ue.akSishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

fl;a we< ud¾.h 61.4 b 103.7 b 90.1 b 64.4 b

c,jyk we< ud¾.h 139.7 a 130.8 a 105.0 a 156.2 a

"SAR"fl;a we< ud¾.h 0.3 b 0.4 b 0.4 a 0.5 b

c,jyk we< ud¾.h 0.5 a 0.8 a 0.6 a 0.8 a

fmdgEishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

fl;a we< ud¾.h 6.6 a 4.2 a 5.7 a 5.1 a

c,jyk we< ud¾.h 6.4 a 2.9 b 4.7 a 3.9 aiudk bx.S%is wËrhka iu.ska olajd we;s uOHkakh w;r p = 0.05 uÜgfï§ meyeos,s fjkila ke;'

f¾Isfhda˜ (Sodium Absorption

Ratio - SAR) w.hka .Kkh

lrk ,§'

² m%;sM,

;,dj iy .,akEj

m%foaY foflys wod, wOHhk

fCIa;%j, fl;a we< j,ska

imhk ,o jdß c,fhys iy

wod, c,jyk we< ud¾. j,

c,jyk c,fhys úYaf,aIKh

lrk ,o c,fha .=Kd;auh

ms<sn|j jQ c, mrdñ;slhkaf.a

w.hka j.= wxl 1 uÕskao

fkd.eUqre N+.; c,fha

úYaf,aIs; mrdñ;slhkaf.a

w.hka j.= wxl 2 uÕska o olajd

we;'

^wd&

úYaf,aIKh i|yd c, idïm,

tla/ia lsÍu

f;dard .;a l=Uqre

bvï j, fkd.eUqre N+.; c,

idïm, tla/ia lr .ekSug

N+ñfha wdk;sh wkqj by< isg

my<g jk mßos isÿre iys;

mS'ù'iS' k, ia:dk.; lrk ,§'

f.dúlï iÕrdj30

j.=j 2 - ;,dj (n = 12-21) iy .,akEj (n = 12 - 18) mrsY%hkaf.a 2013$14 uy iy 2014 h, lkak j,oS fkd.eUqre

N+.; c,fhys uOHkH úoHq;a ikakdhl;djhka" mS' tÉ' w.hka" fidaähï whk idkaøKhka" le,aishï whk idkaøKhka"

ue.akSishï whk idkaøKhka" fmdgEishï whk idkaøKhka iy "SAR" w.hka

mrdñ;slh mS'ù'iS' k,h;,dj .,akEj

2013$14 uy 2014 h, 2013$14 uy 2014 h,

úoHq;a ikakdhl;djh

^ógrhg fvis isukaia&

by< 0.38 b 0.31 b 0.51 a 0.30 c

uOHu 0.40 b 0.34 b 0.62 a 0.72 b

my< 0.75 a 0.68 a 0.64 a 0.95 a

mS' tÉ'

by< 6.9 b 7.2 b 7.1 b 7.3 b

uOHu 7.0 b 7.3 b 7.2 ab 7.5 a

my< 7.4 a 7.6 a 7.4 a 7.6 a

fidaähï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

by< 14.7 b 19.3 b 23.1 b 22.4 b

uOHu 16.7 b 23.4 b 49.4 a 29.7 b

my< 43.9 a 62.5 a 30.1 b 40.0 a

le,aishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

by< 6.9 c 7.2 b 7.2 a 7.3 b

uOHu 7.0 b 7.3 b 7.4 a 7.5 a

my< 7.7 a 7.5 a 7.4 a 7.4 ab

ue.akSishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

by< 69.6 b 91.7 b 121.3 b 143.5 a

uOHu 80.5 b 103.0 ab 150.6 ab 95.7 a

my< 100.1 a 111.9 a 177.9 a 101.9 a

"SAR"

by< 0.4 b 0.5 b 0.5 b 0.4 c

uOHu 0.4 b 0.5 b 0.9 a 0.8 b

my< 0.9 a 1.3 a 0.5 b 1.2 a

fmdgEishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&

by< 5.4 a 2.9 a 6.8 a 4.0 a

uOHu 5.4 a 2.8 a 4.9 a 3.7 a

my< 5.0 a 1.6 b 4.3 a 2.4 a

iudk bx.S%is wËrhka iu.ska olajd we;s uOHkakh w;r p = 0.05 uÜgfï§ meyeos,s fjkila ke;'

rEmigyk 3 - c, idïm, tla/ia lsrSurEmigyk 2 - isÿre iys; mS'ù'iS' k, fCIa;%fha ia:dms; lsrSu


wOHhkh l%shd;aul

lrk ,o uyje,s uydjdß

jHdmdrhg wh;a ;,dj

iy .,akEj hk m%foaY

foflys f;dard .;a ù" w;sf¾l

wdydr fnda. j.d rgd

moaO;sfhys jdßc,fha"

c,jyk c,fha iy fnda.

hka ia:dms; N+ñfha fkd.eUqre

N+.; c,fhys úoHq;a

ikakdhl;djhka" mS'tÉ' w.hka"

fidaähï whk idkaøKhka"

le,aishï whk idkaøKhka iy

'SAR' w.hka f,dal wdydr

yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh úiska

jdrS c,h i|yd ks¾foaYs; tu

mrdñ;slhkaf.a iïu; m%udK

mrdihka ^j.=j 3& ;=< msysgd

we; ^j.=j 1 yd 2&'

j.=j 3 - f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u

ixúOdkh u.ska m%ldYs; jdß c,fha

.=Kd;auh ms<sn|j jeo.;ajk

mrdñ;slhkaf.a mj;sk idudkH w.hka

(FAO, 1985)

mrdñ;slh

jdß c,fhys

mj;sk

idudkH

w.hka

úoHq;a

ikakdhl;djh

^ógrhg fvis

isukaia&

< 0.7

mS' tÉ' 6.0 - 8.4

fidaähï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 900

le,aishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 400

ue.akSishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 60

"SAR" 0 - 3

fmdgEishï

^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 2

wOHhk lghq;= isÿ

lrk ,o 2013$14 uy iy 2014

h, lkak fol mqrdjgu jd¾;d

jQ wod, c, m%Njhkaf.ka

,nd.;a c,fha ue.akSishï iy

fmdgEishï whk idkaøKhka

f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u

ixúOdkh uÕska m%ldYhg m;a

lr mj;sk jdß c,fha yuqjk

idudkH m%udKhkag ^j.=j 3&

idfmalaIj by< w.hla

fmkakqï lrkq ,nhs ^j.=j 1 yd

2&'

;jo c,jyk we<

ud¾. j,ska ,nd.;a c,jyk

c,fha iy N+ñfha my< nEjqï

fldgisska ,nd.;a fkd.eUqre

N+.; c,fha fidaähï iy

ue.akSishï whk idkaøKhka

idfmalIj by< w.hla

fmkakqï lrk ,o w;r ^j.=j

1 yd 2& tu ;;a;ajhka mi

;=< isÿjk tu whkhkaf.a

;sria yd isria ixprkhkag

ke;fyd;a mdxY= moaO;sfha isg

N+ c, moaO;shg iy c,jyk

c, moaO;shg isÿjk

ixprKhkag idlaIs imhkq

,nhs' lkak fol ;=<oSu fl;a

we< ud¾. j,ska imhk ,o

jdß c,fhys mS'tÉ' w.hka"

le,aishï iy fmdgEishï whk

idkaøKhka idfmalIj by<

w.hla .kakd ,oS ^j.=j 1&'

mßYS,kh (

FAO. 1985. Water quality

for agriculture, irrigation and

drainage. R. S. Ayers and D.

W. Westcot. Irrigation and

Drainage Paper 29. FAO,

Rome.

wd¾' ta' iS' fþ' fmf¾rd"fCIa;% fnda. m¾fhaIK

yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

uyb¨mam,a,u

hQ' ví' tA' ú;drK"lDIsl¾u mSGh"

fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,h"

tka' wd¾' ta' kjr;ak"fCIa;% fnda. m¾fhaIK

yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

uyb¨mam,a,u

f.dúlï iÕrdj32

t<j¨ ksIamdokh i|yd

rgg wjYH lrk fndfydauhla

fmdfydr j¾." wêl

úhoula ord rch úiska

furgg f.kajd iykodhS f,i

f.dùka w;g m;a lrkq ,nhs'

iuyr f.dùka úiska fuu

fmdfydr wl%uj;a yd wêl f,i

mig fhdoñka wiajkq jeälr

.ekSfï W;aidyhl fhfoa'

fujka l%shdldrlï fi!LHuh

yd mdßißl .eg¨ rdYshlg ;=vq

oS we;' wêl f,i f.dú ìï j,g

fhdok fmdfydr wmOdjh yd

CISrKh uÕska c,ud¾. Tiafia

f.dia c, m%Nj wmú;% lrkq

,nhs' fuysoS mdßißl ;=,kh

ì| jefÜ' tfukau m%udKh

blaujd îug .kakd c,fha

oshù we;s khsfÜ%Ü jeks whk

j¾. uÕska oreKq frdA.dndO

;;a;aj we;s úh yel' ;jo

fmdfydr j, wmøjH f,i ;sìh

yels ner f,day øjH uÕska mi

yd c,h ¥IKh ùug;a tuÕska

wmf.a fi!LHhg ;¾ckhla

we;sùug;a yel' fujka fndfyda

ldrK fya;=fjka mdßfNda.slhska

jiúfika f;dr wdydr

rgdjla i|yd fhduqfjñka mj;S'

óg úi÷ula f,i j¾;udkfha

f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ffcj

fmdfydr Ndú;hg fhduq

fjñka mj;S' ffcj fmdfydr

hkq mfiys iajNdúlj Ôj;a

jk ys;lr CIqø Ôùka fhdod

.ksñka mfiys idrj;a nj

jeälr fnda. j,g wjYH

fmdaIKh ,nd oSu i|yd fhdod

.kakd CIqø Ôùka wvx.= øjHhls'

f,dj wka rgj,a

úúO ffcj fmdfydr

tkï khsg%cka ;sr lrk

fmdiamria iy fmdgEishï

t<j¨ fnda. j.dj i|yd khsg%cka imhk

ffcj fmdfydrla f,i nelaàßhdkq wduql+,khla


weiqßKs

l=uqÿ kjr;ak" WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" .kafkdarej


oshlrk yd Ydl j¾Ok

fyda¾fudak ksl=;a lrk CIqø

Ôùka fhdod .ksñka úúO

ffcj fmdfydr ksIamdokh

lrkq ,nhs' tfukau fuu

fmdfydr úYd, wkaoñka

f,dal fj<|fmdf<ys yqjudre

fjñka Ndú;hg .efka'

wm rfgys fj,|fmdf<yso

furg ksIamdos; ffcj

fmdfydr ;rula ÿrg we;' kuq;a

ridhksl fmdfydr fuka

ffcj fmdfydr wdkhkh

lsÍu kS;sh uÕska wjysr lr

we;' Bg fya;=j" CIqø Ôùka hkq

mshú weiska oelsh fkdyels

Ôùka fldgila jk w;r

Tjqkaf.a ls%hdldrlï ir,

;dlaIKh WmfhdA.s lr.ksñka

wOHhkh l< fkdyels ùuhs'

Tjqkaf.a mej;au yd Ôjk

rgdj mj;sk mdßißl idOl yd

;;a;aj i|yd iqúfYaIs jk w;r

wd.ka;=l mßir ;;a;aj j,oS

Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï fjkia

úh yel' iuyr wjia:d j,

osS tla mßirhlg ys;lr jk

Ôùka ;j;a mßir ;;ajhloS tys

jik ys;lr Ôùkag ;¾ckhla

jk wjia:d o we;' fujeks oE

wm i;= ir, ;dlAIKh uÕska

ksrdjrKh lr .; fkdyel'

fï ksid hï mßirhlg wjYH

ys;lr Ôùka tu mßirfhkau

fjka lr .=Kkh lr kej; tu

mßirhgu fhdod .ekSu ffcj

fmdfydr Ndú;fha oS jeoy;a

yd ie,lsh hq;= isoaOdka;hls'

tneúka wdkhksl ffcj

fmdfydr Ndú;h m%;sM, rys;

yd ydks odhl úh yel' tu ksid

wmg wjYH ffcj fmdfydr

wm mßirfhkau ksiaidrkh

lr .;a CIqø Ôùka uÕska

ksIamdokh lr .; hqq;=h' fï

wkqj tla tla mßir ;;a;ajhka

i|yd khsg%cka ;sr lrk

fmdiamria iy fmdgEishï

oshlrk yd Ydl j¾Ok

fydafudak ksl=;a lrk CIqø

Ôùka wod, mrsirfhkau

ksiaidrkh lr .=Kkh lr

ffcj fmdfydr f,i ilia

lr fnda. i|yd fhdod .;

hq;=fõ' tfiau tu ffcj

fmdfydr úúO fnda. iy úúO

m%foaY i|yd WÑ; wkqÑ; nj

m¾fhaIK uÕska ;yjqre lr

.; hq;= fõ'

fujka .eg¨ yd

lreKq uq,a lr.ksñka t<j¨

fnda. j.dj i|yd khsg%cka

imhk ffcj fmdfydrla f,i

nelaàßhdkq wduql+,khla ilia

lsÍug wruqK lr .kakd ,oS'

^fujka lreKq i,ld n,d

.kafkdArej WoHdk fnda.

m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok

wdh;kfha mdxY= ridhk úoHd

wxYfha CIqø Ôù tallh uÕska

khsg%cka ;sr lrk CIqø Ôùka

wduql+,khla úYaf,aKh lr

we;'&

l%ufõoh

m%:ufhkau fuu

m%foaYfha tkï .kafkdrej

^WM2b lDIs foaY.=K

l,dmfhys& mfiys jefjk úúO

Ydl j¾. /il tkï ;lald,s"

ñßia" f.dajd" flfi,a" ynr,"

;ïm,d" f.dgqfld, wdosfhys

uq,a wdY%s; mia kshos tla lr

.kakd ,o’' wk;=rej mdxY= CIqø

Ôùka ksiaidrKh lsÍu i|yd

wvq WIaK;aj hgf;a .nvd lrk

,oS' khsg%cka ;sr lrk mdxY=

CIqø Ôùka ksiaidrKh lsÍu

i|yd úfYaIs; jQ >k fmdaIl

udOHhla wdOdrfhka tla tla

ksheosfha jQ khsg%cka ;sr lrk

mdxY= nelaàßhd ksiaidrkh lr

jeãug wjYH mßir idOl

imhk ,os' fuf,i j¾Okh

jk nelaàßhdkq ckmo j,

.yk >k;ajh yd ¾Ok fõ.h

wkqj iqÿiq j¾. jrKhlg

,la lr kej; kej;;a >k

fmdaIl udOHh wdOdrfhka msßisÿ

taldldr .ykh;a ,efnk f;la

lSm j;djla ksiaidrKh lrk

,os’ wjidkfha b;d msßisÿ yd

taldldr .yk y;rla ynr,

flfi,a mqjla yd fldia hk

Ydl uq,a wdY%fhka ,nd .kakd

,os' tajd alo, ban, are, jack f,i

ir,j kdulrKh lrK ,oS'

wk;=rej fudjqkaf.a khsg%cka

;sr lsÍfï ld¾hlaIu;dj uek

f.dúlï iÕrdj34

ne,Su wjYH úh' fï i|yd

wka rgj,a b;d by, ;dlaIK

l%ufõo Ndú;d l<o fuysoS ta

i|yd ir, l%u fõohla Ndú;d

lrk ,oS' tkï ksiaidrKh

lrk ,o tu nelaàßhd .yk

fjka jYfhka øj fmdaIl udOH

;=< j.d lr øj fmdfydrla

f,i ilia lr fnda. j,g

fhdod tys úúO j¾Ol mrdñ;Ska

úYaf,aIKh lrk ,oS' fï

i|yd .yk >k;ajh jeä lr

.ekSu;a" kej; kej; udOH

udre lrñka tu .yk j,

mú;%;djh wdrlaId lr ;yjqre

lr .ekSu;a b;d jeo.;a úh'

ke;fyd;a jd;fha yd wjg

mßirfha Ôj;a jk fjk;a

CIqø Ôùka uÕska tu fmdfydr

wdidokh ù úkdY úh yel'

fï wdldrhg øj

udOHfha ilia lr j¾Okh lr

.;a tla tla nelaàßhd .yk

f;dard .;a t<j¨ fnda. lsysmhla

j.dlsÍu i|yd Ndú;d flßk'

tkï ud¨ñßia" ;lald,s" ngq

yd nKavlald j.d i|yd

fhdod .eKsk' fuysoS khsg%cka

fmdaIlfha Ok md,lh i|yd

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=

ks¾foaYs; hQßhd fmdfydr

o RK md,lh f,i lsis÷

khsg%cka fmdfydrla Ndú;d

fkdlsÍuo isÿ l< w;r

fmdiamria yd fmdgEishï

fmdfydr lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;= ks¾foaYs;

wdldrhg ish,qu m%;sldrl

i|yd iemhsks' iEu

m%;sldrlhla i|ydu m%;sj,s;

6la Ndú;d l< w;r mQ¾K wyUq

l%uh ^Completely Randomized Design) fhdod .ksñka me<

.Dyh ;=< fmdaÉÑ Ndú;d

lrñka m¾fhaIKh isÿ lrk

,oS'

m%;sldrl

- T1 md,lh

^khsg%cka fmdfydr

fkdue;&

- T2 hQßhd muKls

- T3 Alo wduql+,kh

(Alocasia spp.)

- T4 Are wduql+,kh

(Arecanut (Areca cateshu))

- T5 Ban wduql+,kh

(Banana (Musa acumi-

nata))

- T6 Jack wduql+,kh

(Jackfruit (Artocarpushet-

erophyllus))

wjidkfha u,a msfmk

wjêfhaoS Ydl W÷rd

kejqï nr" úh,s nr" lf|ys

Wi m;% m%udKh yd wjfYdaIs;

khsg%cka m%udKh wdos mrdñ;Ska

ixLHdñ;slj úYaf,aYKh

lrk ,oS' tys m%;sM, wkqj iEu

nelaàßhdkq .ykhlau ie,lsh

hq;= m%udKhlska tu fnda.

j,g khsg%cka imhd we;s njg

ksÍlaIKh lrk ,oS'

by; m¾fhaIK

m%;sM, wkqj tla nelaàßhdkq

.ykhla muKla Ndú;d lr

tkï l| Ndú;d lr kej;;a

fuu m¾fhaIKh úúO hQßhd

uÜgï j,g wdfoaY lrñka

isÿlrk ,oS'

ta wkqj my; m%;sldrl

Ndú;d lrñka tla tla

m%;sldrlh i|yd m%;sj,s; 6

ne.ska fhdod .ksñka ud¨ñßia

CA 8 m%fNaoh me< .Dy ;=<

fmdaÉÑ Ndú;fhka j.d flreKq

w;r u,amsfmk wjêfhaoS Ydl

Wÿrd kejqï nr" úh<s nr" lf|ys

Wi m;% m%udKh wdos mrdñ;Ska

ixLHdñ;slj úYaf,aYKh

lrk ,oS' fuysoS o mQ¾K wyUq

l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lrk ,§'

m%;sldrl

- md,lh ^khsg%cka fmdfydr

fkdue;&

- 25] hQßhd iy wduql+,kh




- wduql+,kh muKla

- hQßhd muKla

tys m%;sM, j.=j wxl 1

mßos fõ'


j.=j 1 - ixnHdñ;slj

úYaf,aYKh lrk ,o mrdñ;sl

j, idudkH w.h me<hlg

jYfhka olajd we;'

m%;sM, úYaf,aIKh

by; m%;sM,

úYaf,aIKfhaoS mQ¾K úh,s nr

i|yd hQßhd 50% + wduql+,kh

iqúfYaIs f,i by< w.hla

fmkakqï lrk w;r khsg%cka

wjfYdaIKfha uOHkH w.h

o by< w.hla jd¾;d lr

we;' fï wkqj by< j¾Ok

w.hka fmkakqï lrk fuu

m%;sldrlh uÕska hqßhd uÕska

fyda fjk;a wdldrhlska imhk

fnda. khsg%cka wjYH;djfhka

50] l m%udKhla ,ndosh yels

njg ksÍlaIKh úh' tfukau

wduql+,kh yd hQßhd imhk

iEu wjia:djlu hQßhd

uÕska muKla fmkakqï l<

w.hkag jvd jeä w.hka

úYaf,aYs; mrdñ;Ska i|yd

jd¾;d lr we;' fï wkqj fuu

nelaàßhdkq wduql+,khg

tu fnda.fha khsg%cka

wjYH;djfhka 50% iemhSug

yels nj wkdjrKh úh'

ms,siaiQ oyhshd wÕ=re m%jdylhla f,i

øj udOHfha frdams;

nelaàßhd mßyrKh ;jÿrg;a

myiq lsÍu i|yd >k udOHhla

m%jdylhla f,i fhdod .ekSug

wjYH;djla mek ke.sk' fï

i|yd úúO øjH /ila Ndú;fha

mj;sk w;r ta w;ßka jvd;a

,dnodhS ms,siaiQ oyhshd w.=re

m%jdylhla f,i iqÿiqoehs

mÍlaId lrk ,oS' ta wkqj

ms<siaiQ oyhshd wÕ=re nelaàßhd

.ykh uÕska wduql=,kh lr

ld,h;a iuÕ Tjqkaf.a mej;au

ksÍlaIKh lrk ,oS' tuÕska

my; m%;sM, jd¾;d úh'

j.=j - 1

m%;sldrlhlf|ys Wi

^fikaáóg¾&

uqf,ys os.

^fikaáóg¾&

lf|ys nr

^.%Eï&

uq¨ úh<s nr

^.%Eï&

iïmQ¾K wjfYdaIs; khsg%cka j,

uOHhkak w.h ^me<hlg ñ,s.%Eï&

md,lh 69.32 b 24.72 d 3.6 b 4.56 b 5.57c

hQßhd 25] + wduql+,kh 88.4 a 28.85 dc 6.57 a 7.95 a 16.72 a

hQßhd 50] + wduql+,kh 90.82a 36.12 ab 6.68 a 8.41 a 16.95 a

hQßhd 75] + wduql+,kh 92.95a 38.2 a 5.55 a 7.15 a 15.4ab

hQßhd 100] + wduql+,kh 90.3 a 36.38a b 6.3 a 7.78 a 14.79ab

100] wduql+,kh 58.98 c 32.43 bc 2.78 b 3.86 b 4.97c

hQßhd 100] 71.43b 38.2 a 4.03 b 5.19 b 10.29b

j.=j 2 - ms,siaiQ oyhshd wÕ=rej,

wduql=,kh l< nelaàßhdkq

.yk >k;ajh ld,h iuÕ

fjkia jQ whqre

ld, mrdih

.yk >k;ajh

Colony forming units/ gram of BRH

udi 1 g miq 2.47 - 108

udi 2 g miq 2.35 - 108

udi 3 g miq 1.33 - 108

by; m%;sM, wkqj

udi 3 l ld, mrdihl

nelaàßhdkq .ykh ie,lsh hq;=

uÜgulska fkdfjkiaj

mj;ajd f.k hdug ms,siaiQ

oyhshd wÕ=rej,g yelshdj we;'

tneúka th iqÿiq nelaàßhdkq

m%jdylhka f,i Ndú;d l<

yel'

f.dúlï iÕrdj36

yskaÿ Nla;slhka úiska fuu Ydlh

fyda,s Ydlh (Holy plant) f,i o y÷kajkq

,nkqfha úIaKq foúhka i|yd fuu me<Eáh

Ndú;d lrñka wd.ñl j;dj;a lrñka

jkaokdudk lrk fyhsks' ;=,ais

me<Eáhla fkdue;s ñÿ,la iys; f.hla

wiïmQ¾K ksjila f,i i,lk ;rugu

th Tjqka w;r m%p,s; nj i|yka fjhs'

úIaKq yd l%sYaKd foúhka fj; msfok mQckSh

Ydlhla f,i i,lk jdikdj f.kfok me<Eáhla

f,i bkaoshdkq ck iudch ;=< .Dyia:j j.d lrkq

,nk—;=,ais˜ kñka y÷kajkq ,nk ;,d úfYaIhla

m,;=re ueiaid md,kh i|yd fhdod .; yels nj

wÕ=Kfld<me,eiai Y%S ,xld lDIsl¾u úoHd,hSh

uQ,sl fËa;% wOHhkhloS wkdjrKh lr.; yelsúh'


bkaoshdfõ ;=,aishk

kdufhkao Y%S ,xldfõ

;,d hkqfjka o fmdÿ

jHjydrfha fhfok fuu

mE<Eáh ,eñfhaisfha

^Lamiaceae) l=,hg yd Tisuï

Ôcimum) >Khg wh;ajk

w;r WoaNso úoHd;aulj

Tisuï fgkqhsmaf,drï

Ôcimum tenuiflorum&

fyda Tisuï iekalagï

Ôcimum sanctum& f,i

y÷kajkq ,nhs'

;=,ais Ydl j,

b;d w;HdjYH iq.kaOj;a

f;,a wvx.= jk w;r tajd

Euginol, Methyl euginol,

Caryophyllene f,i

kï lr we;' ;jo fuu

Ydlidrhkays m%;sTlaisldrl

.=K" m%;scSjl .=K" os,SrkdYl

yd nelaàßhdkdYl

.=K fukau úIîc

kdYl .=K we;s neúka

WK frda.h" oshjeähdj"

yDofrda." udkisl wd;;sh"

jl=.vq .,a" ms<sld jeks frda.

.Kkdjla iqj lsÍu ioyd

wdhq¾fõo T!IO ksIamdok

j,oS fhdod .kq ,nk nj

i|yka fjhs' fndfyda ;,d

úfYaIhka lDñ i;=ka

m,jdyrsk .=Kdx. oelajqjo

m,;=re ueiaikaa wdl¾Ykh

lr.ekSsfï úfYAI .=Kdx.

hla tla ;=,ais úfYAIhla i;=j

we;s nj;a tfia wdl¾Ykh

jkqfha m,;=re ueiaidf.a

msrsñ i;=ka muKla nj;a tu

wOHhkfhaoS ukdj meyeos,s

úh'

YS% ,xldfõ oelsh yels úúO ;,d úfYAI

ySka;,d ^m;% iy kgq ,d fld< meye;s&

uÿre ;,d

uy ;,d

m;% ,d fld, meye /,s iys;

ySka ;,d ^m;% ;o fld, meye;s kgq ,d oï&

uy;,d ^m;% ,d fld, meye;s&

m;% fld, meye /,s iys;

uy ;,d ^m;% ;o fld, meye;s&

f.dúlï iÕrdj38

fï wdldrhg

m,;=re ueiaidf.a úúO udos,s

(Bactocera spp.) fuu Ydlh

jgd tla /iajkq y÷kd.;

yels úh' Ydlfha mqIAm

msmSu iuÕ iajNdúlj ta

fj; fudjqka tla/ia jqjo

Ydl fldgia l=vd len,s

f,i fmdälr ;eîfïoS

fudjqka úYd, jYfhka talrdYS

jknj uQ,sl jYfhka fuu

wOHhkfha oS ksrSËKh úh'

mqIam mrd.kfhka

miq yg.kakd îc fïrSug

m%:u wjia:dfõoS Ydl fj;

tl;= jk ueiaika ixLHdj

wfkla wjia:djkag id-

fmaËj jeä nj;a Ydl

fldgia l=vd fldgia

j,g levQ úg blauKska

wdl¾Ykh jk nj;a

wOHhkfha§ fy<súh'

ta wkqj m,;=re ueis

W.=, i|yd ó;hs,a bhqcsfkda,a

(Methyl euginol) fjkqjg

wdfoaYlhla f,i ;=,ais me<Eá

fldgia ;eîu uÕska rxpq

jYfhka m,;=re ueiaidf.a

msrsñ i;=ka muK-

la tla /ialr .; yels

nj fuu wOHhkfhaoS

meyeos,s úh' ;=,ais me<Eá

fldgia l=vd len,s j,g lvd

fmdälr fyda ;,d fyda wUrd

.;a m,amhla f,i fyda ueis

W.=, i|yd Ndú;d lsÍfï§

ó;hs,a bhqcsfkda,a j,g

iudk jQ m%;sM, ,ndfoa'

ó;hs,a bhqcsfkda,a

fjkqjg wdfoaYlhla f,i

Ndú;d l< yelsùfuka úhoï

rys; l%uhla f,i;a mßir

ys;ldó l%uhla fukau

f.j;af;a j.d lsÍfuka

myiqfjka imhd .;

yelsùu;a jeks fya;= ksid

j¾;udkfha Woa.;ù

we;s m,;=re ueiaidf.ka

m,;=re krlaùfuka isÿjk

ydks wju lr .; yelsjkq

we;'

bkaoshdfõ ;=,ais hk

kdufhkao ,xldfõ ;,d

hkqfjkao fmdÿ jHjydrfha

fhfok ;,d úfYAI .Kkdjla

;=,ais nSc

;=,ais Ydl j.d fCIa;%h

mqIam uxcß iys; lsks;s j,

m,;=re ueiaika tla?ia ù isák whqre


Y%S ,xldfõ oelsh yels

w;r fuys jefvk

uÿre ;,d úfYaIh

fhdod .ksñka ÿï .eiaiùu

uÕska uÿrejka m,jdyeÍug

w;S;fha isg .%dóh ck;dj

mqreÿj isà' ;jo ySka

;,d iy uy ;,d f,i

jHjydrfha fhfok ;,d

úfYAI o we;s w;r ySka

;,d úg ioyd nq,;a

fjkqjg wdfoaYlhla

f,i Ndú;d lrhs' kuq;a Y%S

,xldfõ tu úfYaI i;=j

m,;=re ueiaika wdl¾Ikh

lr .eksfï .=Kdx.h

fkdue;s nj wkdjrKh úh'

nyq jd¾Ysl cSjk

rgdjla we;s fuu ;=,ais

Ydlfha îc b;d myiqfjka

m%frdayKh isÿfjhs' îc

m%frdayKh i|yd osk

07 - 10 muK .; fjhs'

;=,ais Ydlh w;= fn§

fikaáóg¾ 75 - 90 muK

Wig jefvk w;r ish¿u

YdLd w.sia j, mqIAm

uxcß we;s ù îc ksmojhs'

îc b;d l=vdjk w;r me;,sh'

fïrE wjia:dfõ ly meye;s

jqjo úh,Su;a iuÕ ÿUqre

meyehg yefrhs' ;rula

´jd,dldr m;% fikaáóg¾ 5

muK È.h' lf|ys isyska nQj

iys;h' Y%S ,xldfõ fndfyda

m%foaYhkays ´kEu ld,hloS

myiqfjka jefvk w;r

fyd¢ka ysre t<sh ,efnk

ia:dk jvd fhda.H fjhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ mdrïmßlj

oelsh yels jkqfha m;%

l| iy mqIam ,d fld<

meye;s ;,d úfYaIhka jqjo

bkaoshdfjka f.kajd jjkq

,nk fuu ;=,ais úfYAIh

oï meye l|" m;% iy

mqIAm uxcß j,ska hqla; fjhs'

yska¥ka úiska fld< meye;s

m;% iys; úfYAIh Y%S ;=,ais

f,i;a r;= oï meye m;%

iys; úfYAIh l%sIaKd ;=,ais

f,i;a y÷kajk nj i|yka

fjhs'

mQckSh fyda,s Ydlhla

f,i j.d lrk my; ioyka

fuu úfYAIh rEmdldrfhka

wOHhkh i|yd Ndú;d

lrk ,o úfYAIh yd tl

iudk jqjo m,;=re ueiaika

wdl¾IKh ùfï .=Kdx.h

fkdue;¡

f.dúlï iÕrdjg

tla lf<a"

cS' iS' ta' .=Kj¾OK ksfhdacH lDIsl¾u wOHË

YS% ,xld lDIsl¾u úoHd,hwÕ=Kfld,me,eiai

;=,ais (Holly Plant)

;=,ais (Holly Plant)

m,;=re ueiaika

f.dúlï iÕrdj40

j.djkays wiajekak yd mfia

irenj wdrlaId lsrSu i|yd

ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr

Ndú;d l, hq;= nj wm okakd

lrekls' flfia fj;;a úúO

miaj, ridhksl fmdfydr yd

ldnksl fmdfydr È.= ld,skj

Ndú;d lsÍu yd È.= ld,Skj ù

j.d lsÍu" ù j.dfõ wiajekak

yd mfia ire nj flfrys flfia

n,mdhso hkak ms<sn|

úia;rdlul wOHhkhl

m%ÓM, wm i;=j ke;' fï ksid

l=reKE., Èia;%slafha jeämqru

ù j.d lrkq ,nk c, jykh

ÿ¾j, r;= ly fmdâfid,sla

mfia ridhksl fmdfydr

yd ldnksl fmdfydr È.=

ld,Skj Ndú;d lsÍu ù j.dfõ

wiajekak yd tu mfia irenj

flfrys n,mEu wOHhkh

lsÍfï m¾fhaIKhla ù

m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok

wdh;kfha we;s l=Uqre bvï

ã' tka' isßfiak" ví' tï' tka jkakskdhl yd tA' cS' tia' ã' is,ajd ù m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" n;,f.dv" bínd.uqj

2016 jif¾ lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jd¾Isl iïfï,kfha§ bÈßm;a lrk ,o fyd|u m¾fhaIK m;%sldj


Ndú;hg f.k msysgqjd we;s

w;r tA u.ska fuu m%YAKhg

ms,s;=re fiùug wm W;aidy

lf,uq' fï ioyd m%;sldrl

f,i lsisu fmdfydrla fkdfh¥"

ldnksl fmdfydr muKla fh¥"

ridhksl fmdfydr muKla

fh¥ yd ldnksl yd ridhksl

fmdfydr folu fh¥ úYd,

m%udKfha ^j¾. óg¾ 100&

fldgq y;rla iA:dmkh lrk

,§' ldnksl fmdfydr f,i

fylaghd¾ tllg msÿre fgdka

5 la" fld< fmdfydr fgdka 1

la yd f.du fmdfydr fgdka 4

la Ndú;d lrk w;r ridhksl

fmdfydr f,i hQßhd" idkaø

iqm¾ fmdiafmaÜ yd ñhqf¾Ü T*a

fmdgEIA Ndú;d lrkq ,eîh'

fhdod .kq ,enQ ridhksl

fmdfydr m%udKhka jkqfha

fylaghd¾ tllg hQßhd lsf,da

225" iqm¾ fmdiafmaÜ lsf,da 80

la yd ñhqf¾Ü T*a fmdgEIA

lsf,da 50 ls' fuu m¾fhaIK

fldgq 2004 jif¾ wdrïN l<

we;s w;r jir 11 la fkdlvjd

jirlg lkak 2 la h, yd uy

jYfhka lkak 22 la mj;ajd

f.k hkq ,eîh' iEu lkakhla

i|ydu îÔ 358 ù j¾.h Ndú;d

lrk ,§' ù j.dj wdrïN lsÍug

fmr yd lkak 22 la wjidkfha

mia idïm,a ,nd .kakd ,o w;r

iEu mia idïm,hlau mS'tÉ'

w.h" ikakdhl;dj, ldnksl

øjH m%udKh" khsg%cka m%udKh"

fmdiamria iq<N;dj yd yqjudre

l< yels fmdgEishï m%udKh

ioyd úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§'

iEu lkakhla wjidkfha§u

ù wiajkq fk,d.;a w;r

ishhg 14 l f;;uK m%udKhla

hgf;a OdkH nr ,nd .kakd

,§'

by; m¾fhAIK

lghq;= j,g wkqj iEu

lkakhla wjidkfha§u jeäu

OdkH wiajekakla ,nd .;

yels jQfha ldnksl fmdfydr

iuÕ ridhksl fmdfydr

fh¥ fldgq j, jk w;r wvqu

wiajekak lsisu fmdfydrla

fkdfh¥ fldgq j,ska jd¾;d

úh' fuu wiajekafkys fjki

h, yd uy lkakh foflaoSu

talldrj olakg fkd,enqKs

^rEmh 1 yd 2&'

by; ,nd .;a È.=

ld,Sk wiajekak úYaf,aIKhg

Ndckh l< w;r fuys§

oel .kakg ,enqfka iEu

m%;sldrhlu wiajekak ld,hla

iuÕ wvq ù we;s wdldrhhs'

wfkl=;a m%;sldrl j, wiajekak

ld,h;a iuÕ ie,lsh hq;=

uÜgulska wvq fkdjQj;a ld,h;a

iuÕ ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfï

wiajekafka wvqjla lsisu

fmdfydrla fkdfh¥ fldgqfjka

jd¾;d úh' uy lkakhg

idfmaCIj h, lkakfha§ fuu

wvq ùu by< w.hla .kakd ,§'

ridhksl fmdfydr iy ldnksl

fmdfydr tlaj fhdok úg

h, lkakfha§ ,enQ idudkH

wiajekak fylaghd¾ tllg

rEmh 1 - h, lkakfha úúO m%;sldrl u.ska ù wiajekak ,nd.;a wldrh

rEmh 2 - uy lkakfha úúO m%;sldrl uÕska ù wiajekak ,nd.;a wldrh

f.dúlï iÕrdj42

fgdka 5'54 la jQ w;r uy

lkakfha§ th 5'46 la úh'

wju wiajekak f,i fylaghd¾

tllg fgdka 2'7 l wiajekak

lsisu fmdfydrla fkdfh¥

fldgq j, h, lkakfha§ jd¾;d

úh ^j.=j 1&' lsisu fmdfydr

j¾.hla fkdfh¥ fldgq j,g

idfmaCIj ldnksl fmdfydr

muKla fh¥ fldgqfõ idudkH

wiajekak ishhg 32 lska by<

f.dia we;s w;r ridhksl

fmdfydr muKla yd ldnksl

fmdfydr iuÕ ridhksl

fmdfydr Ndú;d lrk úg fuu

wiajekak by< hdu 77] yd 92]

uÜgul mej;=Ks'

fyda ridhksl øjH fkdfh¥

fldgqfjka jd¾;d úh' ld,h;a

iuÕ Wmßu jYfhka ldnksl

øjH iy khsg%cka wvqùu

ridhksl fyda ldnksl fmdfydr

fkdfh¥ fldgq j,ska jd¾;d

úh'

j.= wxl 2 ys o;a; j,g

wkqj ldnksl yd ridhksl

fmdfydr fhdod lkak 22 la

j.d l< kuq;a mfia fmdiamria

yd fmdgEishï m%udK j,

jeäùula olakg fkd,enqKq

w;r fï ksidu tu fmdaIl

,nd§u ioyd iEu lkakhlu

tu ridhksl fyda ldnksl

fmdfydr j¾. Ndú;d lsÍug

isÿù we;'

j.=j 1 - h, yd uy lkakfha jir 11 l

idudkH wiajekak

m%;sldrlh

h, lkakfha

wiajekak

^fylaghdr

tllg

fgdka&

uy lkakfha

wiajekak

^fylaghdr

tllg

fgdka&

fmdfydr

fkdfh¥ 3'01 ± 0'56 2'71 ± 0'56

ldnksl

øjH

muKla

4'04 ± 0'73 3'50 ± 0'53

ridhksl

fmdfydr 5'12 ± 0'71 5'00 ± 0'28

ridhksl

yd ldnksl

fmdfydr

5'54 ± 0'86 5'46 ± 0'37

j.=j 2 - úúO j¾.fha fmdfydr os.= ld,Skj Ndú;d lrñka j.d lrk úg mfia fmdaIl j,

fjkia ùu

ix>glh

m%;sldrlh

uQ,sl

fmdaIl

;;ajhkafmdfydr

fkdfh¥

ldnksl

fmdfydr

muKla fh¥

ridhksl

fmdfydr

muKla fh¥

ridhksl

fmdfydr iu

ldnksl

fmdfydrfh¥

mS' tÉ' w.h ^1'2'5& 6'15 6'18 6'17 6'27 6'01

ikaakdhl;dj

^1 ( 5& ^fvis iS$ó&0'033 0'057 0'035 0'035 0'07

ldnksl øjH ] 0'32 0'71 0'42 0'55 0'6

Uq¨ khsg%cka ] 0'02 0'07 0'04 0'07 0'06

fmdiamria

iq,N;dj ^ñ,s .%Eï$

lsf,da .%Eï&

2'3 5'2 2'7 5'6 7'0

yqjudre l, yels

fmdgEishï ^us,s

.%Eu$lsf,da .%Eï&

12'32 18'7 11'17 12'77 39

by; m%;sM, wkqj

fmkShk lreKla jkqfha

ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;d

fyda ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;d

fkdlsÍu È.= ld,Skj wiajekak

wvq lsÍug fya;=fõ' l=reKE.,

Èia;s%lalfha ù j.d lrk

c, jykh ÿ¾j, r;= ly

fmdâfid,sla mi ù j.dj i|yd

Ndú;d lrk úg mfia fmdaIl

;;ajh wdrlaId lr .ksñka È.=

ld,Skj by, wiajekakla ,nd

.ekSu ioyd ldnksl fmdfydr

muKla fyda ridhksl fmdfydr

muKla fhoSu m%udKj;a

fkdjk w;r ldnksl fmdfydr

yd ridhksl fmdfydr tlaj

fh§u w;HdjYh fõ'

mdxY= úYaf,aIK

o;a; ú.%y lrk úg jir 11

lg miqj jeäu ldnksl øjH

m%udKhla jQ 0'71] m%udKhla

ldnksl øjH muKla fh¥

fldgqfjka jd¾;d jQ w;r 0'3

l wju m%udKh ldnksl øjH


Y%S ,xldfõ úh<s l,dmfha

muKla j.d lrk Ækq wfma

rfÜ ck Ôú;hg ke;sju

neß l=¿nvqjls' tfia jqj;a

rfÜ wjYH;djfhka 60] -70]

w;r m%udKhla jd¾Islj wd-

khkh lsÍug isÿj ;sîu ;=<

jd¾Islj remsh,a oi ,laI

12"800 la muK rgg wysñ fõ'

fylaghdrhlg fgdka

32 la jk wiajkq úNjhla

iys; f,dl= Ækq m%fNaohla

jk oUq,a, jrKh

nyq,j j.d l<;a wmf.a

cd;sl f,dl= Ækq wiajkq

m%udKh fylaghdrhlg

fgdka 15-17 w;r b;d wvq

w.hl mj;S' fuhg fya;=

f,i .=Kd;aufhka b;d

my<" wvq ñ," wdkhksl

îc j.djkag Ndú;d lsÍu;a"

fya;= rys;j lDIs ridhk

wêlj Ndú;h;a ^úfYaIfhka

j,a kdYl yd khsg%cka wvx.=

ridhksl fmdfydr&" wúêu;a

YIH úoHd;aul lghq;=;a b;d

ÿ¾j, miq wiajkq ;dlaIKh;a

mfia Ôj fN!;sl yd ridhksl

.=K wys;lr ;;a;ajhg

m;aùu;a oelaúh yel'

tneúka tall ìulska

,efnk wiajkq m%udKh

jeä lsÍu i|yd jeä oshqKq

l< m%fNao y÷kajdoSu;a"


weiqßKs

f.dúlï iÕrdj44

mßir ys;ldó ir, ;dlaIK

l%u Ndú;h;a" fmdfydr

ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä lsÍu;a"

mfia cSj fN!;sl yd ridhKsl

.=K ys;lr f,i jeä oshqKq

lsÍu;a" lDIs ridhk wúêu;aj

wêlj Ndú;h md,kh

lsÍu;a l< hq;=j we;'

fï i|yd ir," wvq

úhoï myiqfjka Ndú;d l<

yels" mßir ys;ldó ;dlaIK

y÷kajdoSï l< hq;=j ;sfí'

oyhshd wÕ=re j¾. ógrhlg

lsf,da.%Eï 3 la Ækq md;a;sfha

u;=msg isg fikaáóg¾

20 olajd úisÍ hk mßos

fhoSfuka Ækq n,an wiajkq

m%udKh uy lkakfha

19] lskao h, lkakfha

72] lao jeä l< yels nj

fï jk úg fidhdf.k

;sfnk w;r ldnksl jiqka

fhoSu ;=<ska wiajekak

jeäl< yelso hkak fidhd

ne,Su i|yd fuu m¾fhaIKh

osh;a flßKs'

uyb¨mam,a,u lafIa;%

fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok

wdh;kfha m¾fhaIK

lafIa;%fhaoS 2015$16 uy yd

2016 h, lkak j," wjg

mßirfhka myiqfjka

,nd.; yels msÿre"

oyhshd" wuq .a,sßiSähd fld,

yd ir, r;a l< ner,a l%uh

Ndú;fhka ksmojQ oyhshd

wÕ=re jiqka f,i;a jiqka

lsisjla fkdfhdod md;a;s

md,lh f,i;a Ndú;d lr

fuu m¾fhaIK isÿlrk ,oS'

fyd|ska isÿl< uQ,sl

ìï ieliSï j,ska miqj

óg¾ 3 la os. óg¾ 1 la m<,

fikaáóg¾ 15 la Wi md;a;s

m¾fhaIK i|yd Ndú;d l<

w;r fyd|ska osrE f.du tla

md;a;shlg lsf,da.%Eï 5 la

jkfia isgqùug osk 2 lg fmr

fhoSu isÿlr me< isgqùug

osklg fmr hQßhd" ;%s;aj

iqm¾ fmdiafmaÜ yd ñhqßfhaÜ

T*a fmdgEIa fylaghdrhlg

lsf,da .%Eï 65" 100 yd 50

wkqmd;hg fhoSu isÿlrk

,oS'

i;s 05 la jhie;s

zzoUq,a, jrKhZZ m%fNaofha

ksfrda.S f,dl= Ækq me<

os,Sr kdYl j,ska m%;sldr

lsÍfuka miq fyd|ska f;;a

l< md;a;s j, fikaá

óg¾ 10 x 10 mr;rhg is-

gqùu isÿlrk ,oS' me<

isgqùfuka i;s 02 lg miq

w;ska .,jd j,a u¾Okh

l< md;a;s i|yd jiqka

f,i msÿre" oyhshd" oyhshd

wÕ=re yd wuq .a,sßiSähd

úúO ldnksl jiqka fhdodf.k f,dl= Ækq j.d lsÍu m¾fhaIKhg ,la lsÍu'''


fld," md;a;sfha ìu fyd|ska

jeiS hk mßos me< w;ßka

fhoSu isÿ flßks'

me< isgqùfuka miq

m<uq udih ;=< osk 4 lg

jrlao bkamiq bka osk 45 la

hk;=re osk 06 lg jrlao

f,i c, iïmdokh lrk

,oS' uq¿ j.d ld,h ;=<u iEu

i;s 02lg jrlau j,a u¾Okh

lsÍu w;ska .,jd bj;a lsÍu

uÕska isÿ flßks'

m¾fhaIK ld,

iSudj ;=<oS ffokslj

j¾Idm;kh" jdhqf.da,Sh

wd¾ø;dj" Wmßu yd wju

WIaK;ajh" osjd wdf,dal ld,

iSudj hk ld,.=Ksl o;a;

jd¾;d .; l< w;r me<hl

;sfnk iïmQ¾K m;% ixL-

Hdj me<hl Wi me< isgqù-

fuka osk 80 lg miq n,an

mßk; wjia:djloS uek

n,k ,oS' md;a;sfha iïmQ¾K

n,an wiajekak" n,anhl

idudkH nr" n,an j, Wi"

m<," n,anhl wvx.= c,fha

ødjH >k øjH m%udKh (Total Soluble Solid), ier nj wiajkq fk,Sfuka osklg miq

uek n,k ,oS'

lkak fol

ie,lSfïoS uy lkakfha

^2015$16& ish¨ md;a;s j,

wiajkq wvqùula 2016 h,g

idfmalaIj olakg ,efí'

fuh uy lkakfha mj;sk

wvq iQ¾hdf,dal ;;a;ajh

u; YdLfha m%Ndixiaf,aIK

l%shdj,sh ÿ¾j, ùu ;=<

isÿjk nj lsj yel'

lkak foflaoSu wvqu

wiajekak jiqka fkdfhdod

md,lh fmkajqj;a md,lfha

Ækq n,an ier núka jeä nj

TSS w.fhka fmkfka' tkï

jiqka fhoSu ;=,ska ier núka

wvq jqj;a wiajkq m%udKfhka

jeä n,an ,nd .; yels nj

fmfka'

tfiau lkak foflaoSu

jeäu wiajekak msÿre

jiqka fhdod md;a;s j,ska

,enqkq w;r th h, lka

fha§ fylaghdrhlg fuá%la

fgdka 38'5 o uy lkakfha

fylaghdrhlg fuá%lafgdka

26'7 lao úh' n,anhl

idudkH nr ms<sfj,ska .%Eï

66'4 la yd 46'0 la úh'

.ia j, Wi

ie,lSfïoS h, lkakfhaoS

msÿre fhdok ,o md;a;s j,

Wi jeäu .ia olakg ,enqkq

w;r wuq .a,sßiSähd fld,

fhdok ,o md;a;s B<Õg Wila

f.dúlï iÕrdj46

fmkajqj;a uy lkakfhaoS

jeäu Wi .a,sßiSähd fld,

fhdok ,o yd B,Õg Wi

msÿre fhdok ,o md;a;sj,

fmkaùh' me<hl fCIa;% .Kk

ie,lSfïoS h, lkakfha

8 - 9 la jQ w;r uy lkakfha

th 4 - 6 w;r úh'

Ækq n,anhla

^f.ähla& hkq cSù m;%hkaf.a

mdoia: fldgia ;=< wdydr

ixÑ; ù úYd, ù ta jgd

wÔù m;%hkaf.a úh<s mdoia:

fldgia tlaùfuka iE-

fok jHqyhla jk w;r

Ydl m;% ixLHdj yd m;%j,

lafIa;%M,h u; n,anfha

m%udKh;a tuÕska ,efnk

wiajekak;a ;SrKh fõ'

m¾fhaIKfhka fmkajQ

wiajkq fjki md,lhg

idfmalaIj uy lkakfha

14'9] lao h, lkakfha

31'6] lao úh' tkï fuu

m¾fhaIKh wkqj Ndú;d l<

jiqka ish,a,u jiqka fkdfh-

dok ,o md;a;shg ^md,lhg&

jvd jeä wiajekakla

fmkajd ;sfí' fuhg fya;=

f,i jiqk uÕska j,a me<

md,kh lsÍu ;=<ska fnda.

hg c,h yd fmdaIKh

fjkqfjka j,ame< iuÕ

isÿlrk ;rÕh wju ùu;a"

mfia c, ixrlaIKh

ùu;a fmkajd osh yel'

fuu m¾fhaIKh

isÿlsÍfïoS uqyqK ÿka ÿIalr;d

f,i i;s 2 la jQ me< i|yd

msÿre yd wuq .a,sßiSähd fld,

fhoSu jeä Y%uhla yd ld,hla

.;jk l%uhla f,i fmkqk;a

jqjukd ld,hgu tla jrla

muKla fhoSu isÿlsÍu ksid

th t;rï wd¾Ól n,mEula

we;s fkdlrhs'

i;s foflka folg

j,a u¾Okh lsÍu isÿl<;a

uq¿ j.d ld,h ;=<u j,a

u¾Okh md,lh ;=< muKla

isÿlsÍug isÿùu ;=< jiqka

fhoSu ;=,ska j,a u¾Okhg

jehjk Y%uh b;sß lr.;

yels nj fmfka'

tfukau úh<s

l,dmfha fndfydaÿrg

.sks;nd úkdY lrk msÿre

rfÜ wjYH;djhla fjkqfjkaa

m%fhdackj;aj Ndú;d lsÍug

yels nj fmkaùug fuu

m¾fhaIKfhka wmg yelsùu

wm ieu ,enQ ch.%yKhla

f,i;a is;uq'

fuu m¾fhaIK

isÿl, ld,iSudjka ;=<

fuh id¾:l lr .ekSu ;u

Y%uh yd ld,h leml, Ækq

wNsckk yd m¾fhaIK wxYfha

frdydka" jika;" pdkl"

ohdj;S" pïmsld" bkaødKs

hk uy;au uy;aóka o tu

ld,iSudj ;=< wm wxYhg

wkqhqla;j mqyqKqj ,enQ j.d

kv;a;= lghq;= yd o;a; ,nd

.ekSfï§ b;d úYd, iyfhda.

hla ,ndÿka ;s,dks" pdkl

yd l<Ks hk isiq ore oeßh-

kao b;d f.!rjfhka yd

lD;{;djfhka hq;=j isysm;a

lruq' tfiau m¾fhaIKh

i|yd uQ,H odhl;ajh ,ndÿka

KOPIA, Sri Lanka wdh;kho

f.!rjfhka isysm;a lruq'

î' whs' fyÜáwdrÉÑ

t,a' iS' is,ajd

tï' whs' úl%uisxy

fCIA;% fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh

uyb¨mam,a,u


Y%S ,xldj ;=< ckm%sh

wdydr fnda.hla jk w¾;dm,a

kqjrt<sh iy nÿ,a, Èia;%slal

;=< m%Odk jYfhka j.d

flfrk w;r hdmkh iy

l,amsáh jeks m%foaY j, uy

lkakfha§ muKla j.dlsÍu

isÿ lrhs' j¾;udkfha

w¾;dm,a ksIamdok úhou

i,ld ne,Sfï§" uq¿ úhofuka

60]la - 70]la muK

w¾;dm,a ksIamdokh by<

kexùfï§ îc w¾;dm,a j,

by< ñ," w¾;dm,a j.dfõ

iSudldÍ idOlhla njg

m;a ù we;' îc w¾;dm,a

ksIamdokfha§ îc j,

m%ñ;Skag wkql+, fkdjk

kuq;a .=Kd;aufhka

by<" úYd, m%udKfha w,

^wiajekafkka 30] muK&

mdßfNda.sl w¾;dm,a

f,i wvq uqo,lg

fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu

isÿ lrhs' fuf,i wvq ñ,g

mdßfNda.sl w¾;dm,a f,i

fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu

j<lajd" lemQ w¾;dm,a

f,i îc i|yd Ndú;d l<

yels l%ufõohla iS;dt<sh

lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd

ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh uÕska

y÷kdf.k we;'

fj<|fmdf<ys idudkH

m%udKfha foaYSh îc

w¾;dm,a fydkavrhl ñ,

re' 9"000'00 la muK jqj;a

m%udKfhka úYd, îc w,

fydkavrhla re' 4"000'00 la

- 5"000'00 la w;r uqo,lg

mdßfNda.sl w¾;dm,a f,i

,nd .; yels fõ' úYd, îc

w¾;dm,a fydkavrhla lemSu

uÕska idudkH m%udKfha îc

w¾;dm,a fydkavrhl we;s

îc ixLHdjg iudk lemQ w,

ixLHdjla ,nd.; yelsh'

tfukau" úYd, îc w,

fydkavrhla lemSu i|yd


weiqßKs

f.dúlï iÕrdj48

jeh jkafka re' 250'00 jeks iq¿ uqo,la neúka lemQ w¾;dm,a

j.dj uÕska idudkH îc w¾;dm,a i|yd jeh jk úhofuka

50] lg wdikak m%udKhlska wvq lr .; yel'

lemSug iqÿiq îc w¾;dm,a f;dard .ekSu

² nßka .%Eï 120la muK blau jQ w¾;dm,a w, fï i|yd

fhdod .; yelsh'

² îc f;dard .ekSfï§" frda. yd m<sfndaO j,ska f;dr

ksfrda.S îc muKla f;dard .ekSu isÿ l< hq;=h'

îc w¾;dm,a lemSu

² f;dard.;a îc w¾;dm,a m%frdayKh jQ miqj lemSu jvd;a

fhda.H fjhs'

² fï i|yd fyd|ska lefmk ^;shqKq& lemqï ;,hla Ndú;d

l< hq;=h'

² lemqï ;,h ÔjdkqyrKh lsÍu (

îc w¾;dm,a lemSug Ndú;d lrk lemqï ;,h 10]

úrxck ldrlhl ̂ fidaähï$ le,aishï yhsfmdalaf,darhsâ&

úkdä 10 la muK o" fojkqj msßisÿ c,fha ñks;a;= 1

muK o .s,ajd ;nd Ndú;d lsÍfuka lemqï ;,h uÕka

úI îc wdidokh ùu j<lajd .; yelsh'

² îc w,h lemSfï§ wju jYfhka tla fldgilg fudá

follaj;a ;sìh hq;= w;r fldgia folgu iudk fudá

ixLHdjla fn§ hk fia tla fldgila .%Eï 60 la muK

jk f,i Èla w;g lemqu fhÈh hq;=h'

² iEu lemqï jdr oyhlg jrla lemqï ;,h ÔjdkqyrKh

lsÍu wjYH jk w;r îc w, j, ksfrda.s nj wdrlaId

lr .ekSug tuÕska yels fjhs'

² lemqï uqyqK; fyd|ska ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka miq frda.

ldrl j,ska f;dr kï fjka lrk ,o len,s fol" lemqï

uqyqK;a tlsfkl u; isákfia ;nd ^lemqï uqyqK;a

fjka fkdfldg& fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk ia:dkhl ;=kS

lr Èk y;rla muK ;eìh hq;=h' túg lemqï uqyqK;

u; úh<s wdrlaIs; mg,hla we;s ù mfiys we;s frda.

lemSug iqÿiq m%udKfha îc w¾;dm,a

îc w¾;dm, lemSu

lemqï u;=msg


ldrl lemqï uqyqK; ;=<ska îch ;=<g we;=,a ùu

je<elaùu isÿ fjhs'

² îc w, lmk wjia:dfõ§" lemqï uqyqK;

fyd|ska ksÍlaIKh l< úg wjmeye.ekaù fyda

frda. widÈ; îchla f,i olakg ,efí kï th

jyd bj;a lr" lemqï ;,h ÔjdkqyrKh l<

hq;=h'

lemq w¾;dm,a isgqùu yd kv;a;=j

² w¾;dm,a j.dj i|yd lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j

ks¾foaY lrk ,o l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lrñka"

lemQ w¾;dm,a isgqùu yd kv;a;=j isÿ l< yelsh'

² îc lemSfuka Èk y;rlg miq" isgqjk wjia:dfõ

lemqï uqyqK; mi u;g isák fia ;nd isgqùu

l< hq;= w;r wjYH muKg jvd mig c,h fh§u

fkdl< hq;=h'

² lemq w¾;dm,a j.dj j¾Idj wvq ld, i|yd ks¾foaY

flf¾'

idudkH îc w¾;dm,a ^nr .%Eï 50 - 60 muK

jk& isgqùfuka ,efnk wiajekakg iudk wiajekakla

úYd, îc w, lmd len,s f,i isgqùu uÕska ,nd

.ekSug yels nj ta ms<snoj isÿ lrk ,o m¾fhaIK

uÕska ;yjQre ù we;' idudkH îc w¾;dm,a j.dfjka

fylaghdrhg fgdka 27'64 l wiajekakla jd¾;d jQ

w;r lemq îc w¾;dm,a j.dfjka fylaghdrhg fgdka

27'1 la jd¾;d úh' lemQ w¾;dm,a j.dfõ id¾:l;ajh

i|yd m%fNaoh jeo.;a jk w;r Y%S ,xldj ;=, oekg

jvd;au ckm%sh w¾;dm,a m%fNaoh jk .%Efkda,d fï

ioyd jvd;a fhda.H nj y÷kdf.k we;'

wfudaod udhdlvqj

iyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^m¾fhaIK&"

lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh"iS;dt<sh" kqjrt<sh"

fCIa;% ieliSu

lmk ,o nSc w¾;dm,a isgqùu

lmk ,o îc w¾;dm,a j,ka me< yg.ekSu

f.dúlï iÕrdj50

wdishdkq rgj,a fndfyduhla

fukau Y%S ,xldfõ

o m%Odk wdydrh n;a fõ'

wfma mi iy me<Eá úúO

iajNdúl fyda lD;Su wmøjH

u`.ska ¥IKh úh yelsh'

wm Ndú;d lrk fmdfydr

yd m<sfndaOkdYlj, ner

f,day wvx.=ùu fya;=fjka

tajd mßirhg tla úh yelsh'

;jo fuu ner f,day" lD;Su

fmdfydr fukau Ydl

fmdfydr j, wmøjH

jYfhka mej;sh yels njg o

jd¾;d ù we;'

;jo fuu ner

f,day ie,lSfï§ wdiksla

(As), u¾lß (Hg) leâñhï

(Cd), Bhï (Pb) wdÈhg úúO

úI ;;a;ajhka we;s l< yels

nj fmkajd § we;s w;r"

leâñhï (Cd), fl%dañhï

(Cr) yd wdiksla (As) ms<sld

ldrl f,io y÷kajd Èh

yelsh'

fujka miqìula ;=<"

m<sfndaOkdYl frðiag%d¾

ld¾hd,Sh ridhkd.drh

u`.ska uykqjr Èia;%slalfhka

,nd .kakd ,o iy,a idïm,

ner f,day i|yd úYaf,aIKh

lr iy,a mßfNdackh u`.ska

ms<s.;a fi!LH wdrCIl

iïu; lv jkafka oehs

fidhd ne,Sug mÍCIKhla

Èh;a lrk ,§'

idïm, ,nd .ekSu

fuysÈ idïm, ,nd

.ekSfï § úfYaIfhka jeä

ck.%yKhla Ôj;a jk

.`.jg fldar,h" l=Kavid,h"

hákqjr" Wvqkqjr" Wvm<d;

yd md;ÿïnr i|yd jeä


weiqßKs


wjOdkhla fhduq lrk

,§' iqmsß wf,úie,a we;=¨

fjf<| ie,a iuQyhlska fuu

idïm, ,nd .kakd ,§' fuu

idïm, ldKav 04 la hgf;A

j¾. lrk ,§' tkï fjf<|

kduh wkqj j¾. lrk ,o

iy,a" wdkhkh lrk ,o

iy,a j¾." idïm%odhsl iy,a

j¾. iy uykqjr m%foaYfha

j.d lrk ,o iy,a j¾.

jYfhks' fuys§ uykqjr

m%foaYfha foaYSh j.d lrk

iy,a idïm, úfYaIfhka

ù j.d lrkq ,nk

ñksfma" Wvqÿïnr" ueo

ÿïnr" md;ÿïnr" Wvqkqjr

yd md;fyajdyeg hk m%foaY

j,ska ,nd .kakd ,§' Bg

403 hk ù j¾.h jeä

jYfhka j.d lrk nj

fmKsks'

úYaf,aIKh lrk ,o

ner f,day

» wdiksla (As)

» leâñhï (Cd)

» Bhï (Pb)

» u¾lß (Hg)

» fif,kshï (Se)

ner f,day iïnkaO

Wmßu iSud

» fuys§ ukqIHhdg n,mdk

úI Ndjh wkqj (WHO/

FAO) f,dal wdydr

ixúOdkh$f,dal wdydr

yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh

uÕska iy,a j, ;sìh

yels Wmßu ner f,day

iSud jd¾;d lr we;'

fuu w.hka my; i|yka

j.= wxl 1 ka oelafõ'

j.=j 1

ner f,dayh

wvx.= úh yels

Wmßu ner f,day

m%udKh (Max. permissible

level/ MPL)

^lsf,da.%Euhg

ñ,s.%Eï&

As 0.2

Cd 0.2

Pb 0.2

Hg 0.1

Se 0.3

idïm, úYaf,aIKh yd

m%ÓM, idlÉPd lsÍu

iy,a idïm,


ld¾hd,Sh ridhkd.dr u`.ska

nerf,day i|yd úYaf,aIKh

lrk ,§' fuu ridhkd.drh

ner f,day úYaf,aIKh i|yd

ISO/IEC 17025 m%ñ;slrKh

,ndf.k we;'

iy,a idïm, whk

bj;a lrk ,o j;=frka

(de-ionized water) fidaod

úh<d l=vq lrk ,§' thska

.%Eï 0'2 l m%udKhla khsá%la

wï,h" yhsfvdlaf,dßla

wï,h yd yhsv%cka

fmfrdlaihsâ fhdod Micro

Wave digestive wdOdrfhka

ÔrKh (digest) lrk

,§' fufia ms<sfh, lr

.kakd ,o idïm, ICP-MS

(Inductive coupled plasma

Mass spectrometer) u`.ska

úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§'

fuys§ ,enqKq m%ÓM, my;

j.= wxl 2 ka f.dkq l<

yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdj52

j.=j - 2

ner f,day

ridhkd.dr

úYaf,aIKh

l< yels

iSud LOQ (mg kg-1)

wkqu; Wmßu

nerf,day

m%udKh (Max. permissible

level) (MPL) (mg/kg)

iy,a j¾.h idïm, .Kk

(No. of samples tested)

ner f,day wvx.=

idïm, .Kk (No. of positive samples ) (%)

(>LOQ)

ner f,day

idukH w.h (Mean

concentration) mg/kg

As 0.010 0.2

fjf<| kdu iys; 43 67% 0.0238±0.025

wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 56% 0.1303±0.227

idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 33% 0.0106±0.018

uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 100% 0.0392±0.020

Pb 0.150 0.2

fjf<| kdu iys; 43 35% 0.139±0.283

wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 44% 0.1289±0.177

idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 44% 0.2111±0.317

uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 0% <0.15

Cd 0.020 0.2

fjf<| kdu iys; 43 67% 0.0480±0.043

wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 56% 0.0417±0.054

idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 11% 0.0033±0.01


Hg 0.020 0.1

fjf<| kdu iys; 43 14% 0.0056±0.014

wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 11% 0.0223±0.067

idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 33% 0.0116±0.017


Se 0.200 0.3

fjf<| kdu iys; 43 2% 0.0046±0.03

wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 33% 0.4706±0.912

idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 0% <0.2uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 0% <0.2


Èklg YÍrhg oeßh

yels Wmßu ner f,day

m%udKh

(Tolerable Daily Intake – TDI)

JEFCA (Joint FAO/

WHO Expert Committee

on Food Additives) uÕskA

Èklg YÍr .;úh yels

Wmßu ner f,day m%udKh

ks¾Kh lr we;s w;r" th

my; j.= wxl 3 mßÈ oelaúh

yelsh'

j.=j 3

Wmßu ner f,day m%udKh ^ñ,s.%Eï&

^YÍrnr lsf,da.%eï 1g" osklg&

(TDI)(mg/kg bw/day x 10-3)

As 3.0(a)

Cd 3.5(b)

Pb 3.0(a)

Hg 0.57c

Se 5

(a) - The provisional tolerable

weekly intake (PTWI) of 21

µg/kg bw (equivalent to 3

µg/kg bw/day) according to

JEFCA (Joint FAO/WHO

Expert Committee on Food

Additives) (2010) (TRS 959)

(b) - PTMI 0.025 mg/kg bw

on a monthly basis according

to JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO

Expert Committee on Food

Additives) (2010) (TRS 960)

(c)- 4 µg/kg bw per week,

according to JECFA (Joint

FAO/WHO Expert Committee

on Food Additives) (2010)

(TRS 959)

(d)-Based on cardio-vascular

effects according to EFSA

(European Food Safety

Authority) (2010)

FAO/WHO CODEX Alimen-

tarius Commission and Envi-

ronmental Protection Agency

(EPA).

ridhkd.drfha

úYaf,aIKh lrk ,o

iy,a wdY%fhka Èklg

YÍr .;jk ner f,day

m%udKh ;SrKh lsÍu

(Estimated Daily Intake – EDI)

fuu .Kkh lsÍu

i|yd my; iólrKh

fhdod .kakd ,§'

EDI = ( Metal x Dir)/Bw

EDI - Èklg YÍr .;jk

ner f,day m%udKh"

Metal - úYaf,aIKh lrk

,o idïm,fha wvx.= ner

f,day idkaøkh ^úYaf,aIs;

w.h& (mg/kg)

Dir - Èklg mßfNdackh

lrkq ,nk iy,a m%udKh

(kg /day-1)

Bw – idudkH YÍr nr

ls'.%E (kg)

my; i|yka

Wml,amk Ndú;d lrk ,§'

- mqoa.,fhl= Èkl§

mßfNdackh lrk iy,a

m%udKh } .%eï 300

- mqoa.,fhl=f.a idudkH

we;s nr } ls%f,da .%eï 60

úYaf,aIKh lrk

,o iy,a idïm, i|yd

ks¾Kh lrk ,o EDI

w.hhka my; j.= wxl 4

mßÈ i|yka l< yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdj54

j.=j - 4

ner

f,day

Èklg wkqu; lrk

,o ner f,day

m%udKh Safer values of

TDI x 10-3(mg day-1 kg-1bw)

iy,a j¾.h

EDI

idukHh

(Mean) x 10-3

(mg day-1

kg-1bw)

EDI wju

(Min. ) x 10-3

(mg day1kg1bw)

EDI Wmr‘u

(Max.) x 10-3

(mgday-1kg 1bw)

TDI m%udKh

blaujk ,o

idïm, .Kk

^m%;sY;hla f,i&

No. of samples exceeded the

TDI

As 0.3

fjf<| kdu iys; 0.119 0.05 0.4765

01(1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.6515 0.05 3.58

idïm%odhsl iy,a 0.053 0.05 0.256

uykqjr m%foaYfha

j.d lrk ,o0.196 0.076 0.409

Pb 1.5

fjf<| kdu iys; 0.695 0.75 6.505

01 11.76%

02

wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.6445 0.75 2.84

idïm%odhsl iy,a 1.0555 0.75 4

uykqjr m%foaYfha

j.d lrk ,o0.75 0.75 0.75

Cd 0.8

fjf<| kdu iys; 0.24 0.1 1

01 (1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.2085 0.1 0.765

idïm%odhsl iy,a 0.0165 0.1 0.15

uykqjr m%foaYfha

j.d lrk ,o0.104 0.1 0.4115

Hg 0.57

fjf<| kdu iys; 0.028 0.1 0.3465

01 (1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.115 0.1 1.005

idïm%odhsl iy,a 0.058 0.1 0.181

uykqjr m%foaYfha

j.d lrk ,o0.1775 0.1 0.3255

Se 5

fjf<| kdu iys; 0.02325 1 1

01 (1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 2.353 1 13.43

idïm%odhsl iy,a 1 1 1

uykqjr m%foaYfha

j.d lrk ,o1 1 1


fuys§ iy,a j,

mej;sh yels ner f,day

m%udKh ie,lSfï §"

wdkhksl iy,a idïm,a j,

ks¾Kh lrk ,o fif,akshï

m%udKh îdudkH w.h& yd

idïm%odhsl iy,a j, wvx.=

Bhï m%udKhka îdudkH

w.h& muKla wod, iy,a

j, mej;sh yels wod,

wkqu; Wmßu iSudjka

^MPL& blaujd we;'

;jo" YÍrhg oeßh

yels nerf,day m%udKhka

ie,lSfï §" iy,a idïm,a

j, wvx.= úYaf,aIKh lrk

,o ish`Mu ner f,dayhkays

idudkH w.h ie<lSfï §

ks¾Kh lrk ,o Èklg YÍr

.;jk ner f,day m%udKhka

ÊDI& wod, YÍrhg oeßh

yels WmÍu iSudjka ^TDI&

fkdblau fõ'

kuq;a iy,a idïm,

j, ks¾Kh lrk ,o ner

f,dayhka ys WmÍu úYaf,aIs;

w.hka ie<lSfï § tu

w.hkag wod, Èklg YÍr

.;jk ner f,day m%udKhka

ÊDI& YÍrhg oeßh yels

WmÍu ner f,day iSudjka

blaujk nj fmkShhs'

^tkï Bhï i|yd uq`M

idïm, m%udKfhka 12] lao"

wfkl=;a o ner f,day jk

wdiksla" leâñhï" riÈh

iy fif,akshï i|yd uq`M

idïm, m%udKfhka 2] lao"

f,i wod, WmÍu iSudjka

blaujd we;'& tkï Bhï

i|yd uq`M idïm, m%udKfhka

88] lao" wfkl=;a ner f,day

jk wdiksla" leâñhï"

riÈh iy fif,akshï i|yd

uq`M idïm, m%udKfhka 98]

lao" YÍrhg wys;lr fkdjk

;;a;ajhl mj;sk nj i|yka

l< yel'

ks.ukh

tneúka uykqjr

Èia;%slalfhka ,nd .kakd ,o

iy,a idïm, j, iuia:hla

f,i ner f,day wdrCIs;

iSudjka ;=< mj;sk nj lsj

yelsh'

iS' ud.uf.a

ví' tÉ' tï' iShQ' ffjoHr;ak

ví' mS' ta' mS' Okmd,


ld¾hd,h

ã' tï' mkïmsáh

Y%S ,xld úYaj úoHd,h" jhU

f,dalh úkdY jkafka

ÿIaG ñksiqkaf.a kmqre

l%shd ksid fkdj"

tajdg tfrysj

l%shdud¾. fkdf.k"

Tfya n,df.k isák

ñksiqka ksidfjks'

- we,an¾Ü whskaiaghska -

f.dúlï iÕrdj56

f,dalfha fndfyda

rgj, wE; w;S;fha mgka

m%frdayKh lrk ,o îc

(Sprout) wdydrhg .ekSu

iq<N ldrKdjla úh' tfy;a

80 oYlfha w. Nd.fha§

;rula j¾Okh jQ OdkH iy

t<j¿ j, <má me< wdydrh

i|yd tl;= jQ w;r tajd

Young Greens yd Baby

Greens kñka y÷kajkq

,enQy' tfy;a b;d flá

ld,hla ;=< úYd,

fmdaIH mod¾: m%udKhla

^le,ß" úgñka" LKsc ,jK"

;ka;= yd m%;sTlaisldrl$

Antioxidant) ,nd§ug

m%frdayKh ù i;shla folla

muK .;jQ îc me<

(Seedling) j,g by<

yelshdjla we;s nj

w¨;skau úoHd;aulj

;yjqre lr we;' fïjd

Microgreens hk kdufhka

y÷kajkq ,nk w;r fï

jk úg;a f,dalfha fndfyda

rgj, uyd mßudKfhka

ksIamdokh lr wdydr fïihg

f.k tau isÿlrhs'

fufia Microgreens

f,i rdnq" f.dajd j¾." i,do"

neis,a" îÜ" iQßhldka;"

lerÜ" uqx" lõms" rglcq"

fndaxÑ j¾." wn" lelsß"

jÜglald" msms[a[d wd§

fnda.hka Ndú;d l< yel'

fuu fnda.hkays îc b;d jeä

>K;ajhla hgf;a ilia l<

md;a;s fyda ;eá j, j.dlr

i;s 1 - 3 ;a ^Èk 10 - 21&

jeks b;d flá ld,hl§ mi

uÜgñka lmd wiajkq

fk,d .ekSu fuys ir,

l%ufõohhs' wiajkq fk,d

.kakd wjia:dj jk úg

fikaáóg¾ 2 - 6 muK

m%udKhlg fnda.h wkqj

j¾Okh ù ;sìh yels w;r

fndfyda úg <má l|" îc m;%

iy w¾O jYfhka j¾Okh

jQ i;H m;% hq.,hla ;sìh

yelsh' hqfrdamd rgj, iy

cmdkh" Ökh" ;dhs,ka;h

jeks wdishd;sl rgj, i,do"

iqma iy uia ud¿" OdkHuh

wdydr j¾. iuÕ ñY%j


wdydrhg .ekSu isÿlrk

w;r óg wu;rj ;dhs,ka;h"

úhÜkduh jeks rgj, i,do

fyda jHxck ^Curry&" ue,a¨ï

f,i wdydrhg .ekSu o

isÿlrhs'

MicroGreens j.d lsÍu

Microgreens YS; rg

j, yß;d.dr fyda wdrlaIs;

.Dy ;=< md,s; ;;a;aj

hgf;a j.d lrk w;r" Y%S

,xldfõ mj;sk foaY.=Ksl

idOl u; fijK Ndú;d

lrñka újD; mßirfha jqjo

j.dl< yel' 60] - 80]

m%udKfha fijKla Ndú;d

lrñka wvq iQ¾hdf,dalh

hgf;a ndysr mßirfha

^Outdoor& j.d lsÍu iqÿiq jk

w;r .Dy ;=< ^Indoor& fyda

yß;d.dr ;=< jqjo furg j.d

lsÍfï yelshdj we;' j.d

udOHhka f,i Ôjdkqyß;

fldyqn;a" Ôjdkqyß;

fldïfmdaiaÜ Ndú;d l<

yels w;r l=vd îc i|yd

f.daks jeks c,h Wrd .kakd

u;=msgla iys; Wmia:ro

Ndú;d l< yel' j.d

udOHh f,i fndfyda rgj,

fl,skau mi Wmfhda.S

lr fkd.kakd w;r

tuÕsska frda. me;sÍfï hï

wjOdkula we;s fyhska mi

Ndú;d lrkafka kï b;d

fyd¢ka ÔjdkqyrKh lr

fhdod .; hq;=fõ' óg wu;rj

ks¾mdxY= ^Hydrophonic& j.d

udOH ;=<o Microgreens

b;d id¾:lj j.d lsÍug

yelshdj we;' j.d udOHhka

;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd ;eá"

ndialÜ wd§ WmlrK

fyda fldkal%SÜ" isfuka;s"

fmd,s;Ska fyda fjk;a

Wiia:rhla u; idod.;a

rduq ;=< ;ekam;a l< yelsh'

c,h iemhSu yd wfkl=;a

l%shdldrlï idudkH ;jdka

md,kfha§ fuka isÿl<

ye;s w;r fi!LHdrlaIs; yd

msßisÿNdjfhka b;d fyd¢ka

wdrlaId lr.; hq;=fõ' ;eá

u; fyda Wmia:rh u; îc

b;d jeä >K;ajhlska

<Õ <Õ fh§u isÿl<

hq;= fõ' by< >K;ajhla

hgf;a j¾Okh jQ îc me<

^Seedling& Èk 10 - 21 w;r

ld,hl§ Wmia:rh uÜgñka

lmd wiajkq fk,d .ekSu

isÿlrhs' ldnksl fmdfydr

jeks hula Ndú;d lrhs

kï lsisÿ fmdfydr

fh§ula isÿl< hq;=

f.dúlï iÕrdj58

fkdue;s w;r wjYH kï

ldnksl fmdfydrla ^øùh

udOHfhka& tl;= l< yelsh'

Microgreens j,ska ,efnk

jdis

² b;d flá ld,hla .;ùu

^i;s 1 - 3& ksid tall

ld,hla ;=< ksIamdokh

l< yels" wdydr m%udKh

by< ùu'

² foaY.=Ksl idOl uÕyßñka

jir mqrd ^Year round&

ksIamdokhka l< yels ùu'

² b;d by< fmdaIH .=Khlska

hqla; ùu'

- úgñka C - Ascorbic acid

- úgñka K1 - Phylloqinone

- úgñka E - Tocopherol

- fm%da úgñka A1 - Carotonoids

- ìgd lefrdàka

- ,shqóka" ishdidka;ska"

vh, idka;ska

² Ydlhl uq¿ nrg idfmalaIj

jeäu j¾Kl m%udKhla

idkaø jk wjia:dfõ§

wdydrhg .kakd neúka

j¾Kl uÕska YÍrhg

,efnk m%;sTlaisldrl

^Antioxidant& m%udKh

by< ùu'

² ji úfika f;dr wdydrhla

f,i ridhksl øjH Ndú;d

fkdlrñka ldnksl

wdydrhla f,i

ksIamdokh l< yels ùu'

² wvq iïm;a ^c,h"

fmdfydr& m%udKhla

fhdojd .ksñka by<

ksIamdokhla isÿl< yels

ùu'

² Y%S ,xldj we;=¿

fndfyduhla rgj,

isÿfjñka mj;sk ld<.=K

úm¾hdi yuqfõ we;sjk

kshÕh" .xj;=r wd§ .eg¿

uÕyßñka fmdaIHhodhS

wdydr fõ,la ksIamdokh

i|yd msgqjy,la ùu'

² wvq .=Kd;aufhka hq;a

îc Ndú;hg yelsùu iy

´kEu m%fNaohla Ndú;d

l<yels ùu'

² b;d wvq bvlvlska ̂ ndysr

fyda wNHka;r& j.dl<

yelsùu'

fujeks úYd,

jdisodhl ;;a;ajhka /ilg

ysñlï lshk Microgreens Y%S

,xldfõ ck;djf.a wdydr

rgdjg yqrelrùu b;du;a

jeo.;a jk w;r" tuÕska

oekg Y%S ,xldj ;=< mj;sk

m%Odk fi!Lh .eg¿ jk

Èhjeähdj" yDo frda."

ia:Q,Ndjh jeks ;;a;ajhka

wju lsÍu i|yd uy;a

msgqjy,la jkq we;'

Y%S ,dxlSh ck;djf.a

m%Odk wdydr fõ,a j,§ Ndú;d

jk le,ß ^ldfndayhsfâ%g&

m%udKh b;d by< jk w;r

t<j¿" m,;=re m%udKh b;du;a

wvqh'

fuksid iunr

fmdaIKhla fkd,eîu uÕsska

fi!LH .eg¿ /ila we;s lrhs'

fuys§ n;a" mdka fyda msIaGh

wka;¾.; wdydr m%udKh

wvqlr t<j¿ fyda m<;=re j,

odhl;ajh by< oeñh hq;=h'

fï i|yd úi÷ula f,i fjk;a

rgj, Microgreens Ndú;d lrk

w;r Y%S ,xldfõ o fuh m%p,s;

l< hq;=j we;' ,xldfõ wdydr

iqrlaIs;;djh .ek l:d

lsÍfï§ Microgreens j,g

úYd, jeo.;alula ysñfõ'

ukaoh;a" wvq úhoulska" flá

ld,hla ;=< ld,.=K úm¾hdi

mrojñka fmdaIK .=Kfhka

b;d by< wdydr ksmojd.;

yels ksidh'

Microgreens ms<sn| f;dr;=re

f.dúlï iÕrdjg tla lrkafka

tÉ' wd¾' mS' m%kdkaÿ

ksfhdacH wOHCI

wdydr m¾fhaIK tallh.kafkdarej" fmardfoKsh


lgq wfkdaod iuÕ tlajje,s wd;d iSks wd;d

wkakfkaishd l=f,a bmsof;;a ueorg ye§ fid¢ka

kejqï m<;=rla f,ig;a.=Kj;a îula f,ig;ajukh iukh lrñka

mK /l fohs b;d fid¢ka

;=kafodia lsmS oÕ,kñksi;a orejka

.;af;d;a ì|la iqjfjhsfífrhs uref.ka

c,h Yla;s fïohmsIaGh úgñka

wvx.= fjhs fï ieu.kakd fldgiska

ykaÈ wudrej ksr;=rewe;sfjhs wlaud weneoaÈúI jqfkd;ska wdydrhj<ld,hs u< noaoh

kkaokS Ydka;s,;d

rdcH l,ukdlrK iyldr

lDIs m%ldYk tallh" .kafkdarej

tod jeõ neos rcráka tk iy,a l=i.sks ksjdÆ

uyd merl=ï rcqf.a iufha fuisß,l ire WkdÆ

jyd wgqfldgq mqrd wiajkq ;nd flfy,sh k.dÆ

iod iurej wef;a jeõ ne|s rch isyslr iodÆ

wyi isoÆ jeis fmdoska uy ihqre tla/ia l,dÆ

oyi neoÆ msh,s ke;sjg rgg wgq fldgq mqrdÆ

fjfyi lrÆ oE; lr.eg u;ska oyosh fy,dÆ

jyi f;mÆ nila fkdj f.dú rcqka rg ire lrdÆ

Woe,a,g yqre oE; ieuúg riska wiajkq ,ndù

olskakg ke; mqrka l=Uqrla tod rcrg fkdodù

oskkakg kï jeúh hq;=uh tod mäjre lshdù

is;kakg hï fohla wo we; Tfí yoj; ojdù

jeõ isfoaù fl;a mqrka ù rfÜ ire mi úkdihs

isõ fofia wgqfldgq isoShhs rg n;g w; jkd,hs

mõ lf<a lïm< wef;a wo oefha n;a m; wvd,hs

uõ ìfï f.dú rcqks Tn ,Õ wfma oyosh mrdohs

ta' Ô' Wfoaks O¾udodi

f.dúck fiajd uOHia:dkh"

.srd.u - ms<su;,dj

f.dúlï iÕrdj60

iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj f · fCIa;% j, mj;sk mdxY= fmdaIl ;;a;ajh...

Documents

Transcript of iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj f · fCIa;% j, mj;sk mdxY= fmdaIl ;;a;ajh...