The Girls

GROUP MEMBERS

Lee Shze HwaLillian Tan Ai JunHazel Ong Shi HuiMonnie Liew Poh Ka Loong Bo Lin

ARCHITECT

What is an architect ?

• A licensed professional trained in the art and science of building design.

• Someone who develops the concepts for structures and turn those concepts into drawings.

• A person who plans, designs, observes and oversees the construction of buildings.

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

What is Architectural Drawing ?An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is...

• a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture

• used by architects and other professions to provide a guideline for how a structure or building should be built

STAGES OF AN ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT

• Project Brief• Schematic Design• Design Development• Construction• Maintenance

PROJECT BRIEF

A statement of client's requirements that provides the necessary information to describe the rationale, purpose, goals, costs, risks, constraints and time and performance

requirements of a project.

ROLES• Act as an adviser by giving a sound clear advise at the

outset of the project.

PROJECT BRIEF

RESPONSIBILITIES• To understand client's requirements, objectives and

aspirations.

• To respond as accurately and appropriately as possible to the client's brief.

• To advise generally on various aspects of the client's brief.

PROJECT BRIEF

SKETCH

SKETCH

A rapidly executed freehand drawing. A quick way to record and develop an idea.A 'draft' that outlines the parameters and

concepts of a design Comprises repetitive over traced lines made to

explore precise shape

PROJECT BRIEF

FUNCTIONS OF SKETCH

PROJECT BRIEF

• To obtain a visual impression of shape, type of materials and size

• To show relationship between parts in an informal and loose manner

SCHEMATIC DESIGNFirst phase in the design of a project where an architect

prepares schematic diagrams giving a general view of the project after detailed discussions with the clients.

ROLES• Acts as a guide of the client towards the best solutions.

• Plays the role in presenting several concepts to the client and help to inform the refinements necessary to reach the finalized schematic design.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

RESPONSIBILITIES• Re-draft the program after making the first pass at schematic

design to ensure that expectations are stated clearly based on any new design criteria discovered in schematic design.

• Compile all of the required and desired elements into a set of conceptual drawings.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

1.Bubble Diagram

2.Preliminary Drawing

Schematic Drawing

BUBBLE DIAGRAM

• A drawing showing all significant components, parts, or tasks and their interconnections of a flow, process,or project. 

• Made of symbols and is about concepts

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

FUNCTIONS OF BUBBLE DIAGRAM

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

• Represents spaces with simple circles or squares that are sized relative to one another

• Lines can connect the spaces to represent corridors or hallways

• Used to show spatial relationships• Used to represent the flows

PRELIMINARY DRAWING

• Initial plans for projects prepared during the early planning or promotional stage of the building design

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

FUNCTIONS OF PRELIMINARY DRAWING

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

• Provide a means of communication between the architect and the clients.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

• Used for exploring design concepts, material selection, preliminary cost estimates and a basis for the preparation of finished working drawings.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A stage in which a project are further refined and described.

The point which decisions are made and evaluated for their practicality and execution, also, concepts are solidified into

actions.

ROLES• To comply with local planning and zoning laws.

• To work with any specialist consultants involved with the project, regulatory authorities and local council.

• Act as an adviser to the client on various aspects.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

RESPONSIBILITIES• Identify constraints, advise in terms of feasibility studies and option

appraisals.

• Prepare all the detail drawings and permit documents which may be used to apply for Development Permits.

• Prepare and lodge the application for Planning Permission and Building Warrants.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Construction Drawing

Detail Drawing

Working Drawing

Construction Drawing• A graphic and written record of the decisions

made during the design development process.

• It is also called the blueprints.

• Must comply with the building codes.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

FUNCTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWING

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

• To apply for building plan approval from Building & Construction Authority (BCA).

•To be submitted to the local jurisdiction for building permit.

Working Drawing• Has a direct correlation to the performance of the entire

workforce responsible for the construction.

• Show any unique features or requirements that need special attention.

• Subdivide into location, assembly and component drawings.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Functions of Working Drawing :• Provides all the necessary information to

manufacture, construct, assemble, or install a component or construction elements.

• Convey technical information about the building project and are issued to site for construction purpose.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

• Location drawing shows the location of construction elements.

• Assembly drawing shows how the different parts are put together.

• Component drawing enables self-contained elements to be fabricated in a workshop, delivered to the site and ready for installation.

Detail Drawing• A drawing that shows a small part of the

construction at a larger scale.

• Includes a complete and exact description and dimensions of the construction building.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

FUNCTIONS OF DETAIL DRAWINGS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

• To show how the component parts fit together.• Used to specify how each individual part is made.

CONSTRUCTION

The process of constructing, developing and adding structure to real property or construction

of buildings.

ROLES• As an assistant and adviser to the building contractor and client

on matters relating to building contracts.

CONSTRUCTION

RESPONSIBILITIES

• To inform the client of any significant developments or variations.

• To inspect the building at the completion of the project and to draw up schedules of outstanding works, incomplete items and building defects.

• To pay attention to environmental and sustainable issues.

• To have regular site visits to check on progress.

MAINTENANCE

A stage of the ongoing upkeep of buildings, equipment, and utilities required to ensure that the facility is in a

fully functional state.

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

• May left to tidy up the loose ends neglected by the main contractor.

• To monitor any latent defects for a period of time after completion of the construction project.

• Help to plan a sequence of inspection and maintenance procedures especially for those parts of a building exposed to the rigours of our climate.

MAINTENANCE

EXAMPLES OF SOME COMPLETED

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS

Beijing National Stadium – Beijing, China

Cubic Houses – Rotterdam, Netherlands

The Urban Cactus

– Amsterdam, Netherlands

REFERENCES• http://www.parkerseminoff.com/the-5-phases-of-an-

architectural-project/• http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/mar/08/

architecture-exhibition%7CLe• http://architectureideas.info/2008/10/design-drawings-at-

different-stages/• http://www.world-architects.com/pages/found/the-

working-drawing• http://drawsketch.about.com/od/drawingglossary/g/What-

Is-A-Working-Drawing.htm• Arthur Thompson, Architectural Design Procedures,

Second Edition. Architectural Press: Elsevier 2007

THANK YOU ! C=