Het Paradigma van Ruis: Over de betekenis van geluid in Theater & Technologie
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Transcript of Het Paradigma van Ruis: Over de betekenis van geluid in Theater & Technologie
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7/23/2019 Het Paradigma van Ruis: Over de betekenis van geluid in Theater & Technologie
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Xo `gx fcyo c` m ls~or!agdor` xgrfd xloro ~m`cj `gczo
,tlo ofojtrg`cj zgu`dtrmje gi TY& rgje auzcj c` tlo mho gi
mdym`jod jm~ctmfcza& xlcto `gczo c` mff tlo iuturozlg~z#
m~~omrz m ec`d gi miiojtcyo lgfghrma ~rgycdc`h m yo`oor gi
jgloro`js igr tlo romfcts gi m` ca~fgdc`h jufturo.
,Ergeor y#
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7/23/2019 Het Paradigma van Ruis: Over de betekenis van geluid in Theater & Technologie
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RO]_COA yggr do Ztcfto
Ce bohc` ack hodmjlto~czto rg`d hofucdchlocd o` tojl`gfghco c` tlomtor ym`uct doymztztoffc`h dmt rucz aghofcke cotz aoor cz dm` fgutor oo` ztgrc`h c` do ztcfto. Do{o ~m~or
yoreo`t lgo c`igramtcotojl`gfghco` o` hofucdz!m~~mrmtuur ym`dmmh lu` z~gro` fmto` c` do
hofucdzbolm`dofc`h. Dmmrbck hmmt lot z~ojcicoe ga lot g`tztmm` ym` rucz c` {gxof oo`
`mtuurfckeo& ammtzjlm~~ofckeo mfz tlomtrmfo gahoyc`h. Lot tlomtor looit xofczxmmr do
jm~mjctoct ga rucz mfz dcrojt xmmr`ooabmmr io`gaoo` c` to {otto` c` oo` botoeo`czamtrc|&
xmmrdggr lck gge aotmigrczjl `mmr cotz m`dorz yorxckzt.
Do yoreo``c`h ym` dct ~mrmdcham xcf do cdoo` rg`d rucz gyor{cjltofcke zmao`bro`ho`.
Ce eggz mfz ztrujtuur yggr o`eofo agao`to` uct do rctuofo dgdo`acz& lot ro}ucoa. Dct
jufturoof hofmdo`igramtyorxckzt caaorz `mmr do loo`ymmrt ym` do gyorfodo`o`& aot mfz bohc`
Ro}ucoa motor`ma dg`m ocz ,hooi lu` do oouxcho ruzt#& dmt ce xcf g~drmho` mm` do
yorfgro` ztcfto c` g`{o hoa~fgdoordo juftuur ym`dmmh ,`mmr Ergeor#. Ce xcf hoo`z{c z
dmmraoo oo` `gztmfhczjlo to`our yorbfgoao . Do eruczc`h tuzzo` lot ao`zofcke fcjlmma o` do
amjlc`o tgt oo` utg~czjlo m`drgdo cdo`tctoct& {gmfz {mf bfckeo & cz h` yorem~t ~focdggc yggr
oo` rgam tczjlo toruheoor `mmr oo` xorofd {g`dor dchctmfczorc h o` tojl`gfghco. Do rucz
foyort ojltor xf oo` z~ojcicoe jg`trm!hofucd c` do trour`cz ga lot yorfcoz ym` oo` mm`tmf
{meo`. G`dor o`eofo lggiddofo` uct do trmdctcg`ofo aczzm ~rg do iu`jtcz& `f. lotC`trgt,{gmfz
lot Ro}ucoa& g~.4< ym` Hmbrcf Imur#& do zo}uo`z g`hobruceofcke lcor oo` Ztmbmt Amtor&xm`t oo` jltDcoz Crmo bfckit ojltor uct o` lotFcborm Ao tor jg`jfuzco& xgrdt do dggd ym`
lot zgjcmfo c`dcycdu& ym` do xofdmdcho ztcfto& ym` mutlo`jctoct o` mutlgrctoct bo{g`ho`. Lot
rozuftmmt cz oo` rcke!hozjlmeoordo jga~gzctco ym` cdoo` gyor rucz dco ack bo{chlcofdo`.
C` do{o ~m~or xcf ce do ztcfto dco lot fcjlmma dggr dchctmfo ro~rozo`tmtco xord g~hofohd&
yorbroeo` o` boz~rooe ce lgo rucz bc``o` oo` tojl`gfghczjlo gahoyc`h botoeo`cz em` bcodo`&
g~ oo` am`cor dco xofczxmmr jufturoof hofmdo` cz. Bck xck{o ym` c`focdc`h yorxckz ce `mmr lot
tgo~mzzofckeo ro}ucoa ym` Ofc{mbotl Xggd ga do dggd ym` lmmr agodor. [o {goet dmmrdggr
oo` c`hm`h c` lot ,dgdo# fcjlmma ycm hofucdo`& oo` rucz dco lmmr yorbc`dt aot do lorc``orc`h
mm` lmmr agodor;
As iu`ormrs joroag`coz igr tlo domtl gi tlo agtlor
mro auzcjmf mjtz gi fczto`c`h tg tlo amtor`mf bgds&
tlo dmuhltorz bgds& gur bgds& m`d tlo zgu`dz xlcjl
mjjga~m`s tlmt bgdcfs o|~orco`jo ! jfgtlc`h ct c` zgu`dz
tlmt zc`h tlo bgds m`d ctz rozg`m`joz.
,Ofc{mbotl Xggd 2>:#
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C`lgudzg~hmyo
C@TRGT'M@DRGD 4
oo` ~rgbfooaztoffc`h ................................................................................................................................................4
oo` ls~gtlozo ...................................................................................................................................................... .....9
ZTMBMT AMTR!\ 8
lot ca~orcua ym` dchctmfczorc`h ...................................................................................................................... .......8
do ca~oriojtco g`tfcjlmmad ...................................................................................................................... ......... ...==
do Jsbgrh {c`ht emrmgeo .......................................................................................................................................=4
G^ KO FCKI [CT OO@ E@G^ =8
do fo`z {goat .................................................................................................................................................... ......=8
oo` ammtzjlm~~ofckeo lorzo`z~gofc`h ..................................................................................................................=3
oo` e`g~ yggr uftcoao mixo{chlocd ......................................................................................................................=3
do rucz g~ lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt .........................................................................................................................2>
FCBORM AO ,EFCE# 22
BCBFCGHRMICO 2:
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Lot ~mrmdcham ym` do ruczgyor do botoeo`cz ym` hofucd c` tlomtor ) tojl`gfghco
C`trgt'M`drgd
@mmr mm`focdc h ym` do fo{c`ho rooez ~mrmdchamtczjlo torroc`yoreo``c`h& {ot ce do
yoreo``c`hztgjlt yggrt o` g`dor{goe ce lgo lot ~mrmdcham ym` tojl`gfghco c` do tlomtrmfo
ro~rozo`tmtco ym` lot fcjlmma em` xgrdo` boeoeo` ym`uct do bck{g`doro c`ymfzlgoe ym` hofucd
o` dchctmfczorc`h. Ce hm g~ {goe `mmr oo` roioro`tcoemdor ga do c`{ot o` do aghofckeo
botoeo`cziu`jtcoz ym` tojl`gfghco c` {ck` tlomtrmfo o`zjo`orc`h to yorefmro`& aot hofucd mfz
c`ymfzlgoe. Mfz mm`{ot yortroe ce ym`uct do `gtco rucz& dmt `mmzt oo` dcrojt amtorcoof o`
iszcoe xmmr`ooabmmr io`gaoo`& gge mfz aotmiggr em` xgrdo` g~hoymt. Rucz rgo~t toyo`z
ga roifojtco g~ do ,zubkojtcoyo# c`tor~rotmtco ym` ztcfto o` fmxmmc& txoo fghczjlo o` ofemmryorztoreo`do toho`~gfo . Do tgozjlguxor cz caaorz mfz rojc~c`t oo` `ggd{meofckeo mjtgr c`
do ifudo toeo`ds`macoe ym` hofucd. [ck` mjtcoyo bfce hmmt& lgoxof ym`{ofiz~roeo`d& `cot
g`~rgbfoamtczjl zmao` aot oo` c`tor~rotmtco ym` hofucdz~rceeofz. Do rgf ym` do tgozjlguxor
zjloaort ztoodz dggrloo` do tlogrotczjl!icfgzgiczjlo o` drmamturhczjlo cdoo` gyor hofucd.
Ce yoreo` c` do{o ~m~or do aghofckelodo` lgo rucz ym`dmmh mfz ~mrmdcham em`
iu`jtcg`oro` yggr lot tlomtor. Dmmryggr g`dor{goe ce {gxof au{coetlogrotczjlo& mfz
tlomtorerctczjlo fctormtuur mfz mm`yuffc`h g~ lot aodcmtlogrotczjl dczjgurz dmt roodz dggr Eurt
Ym`lgutto xord mm`hobrmjlt. Ce `ooa dmmrbck drco jg`jo~to` c` mjltc`h& xmmraoo hofucd oo`
c tormjtco mm`hmmt; do rucato& lot fcjlmma& do amjlc`o. Yorygfho`z botroe ce lotzmao`hoztofdo ~mrmdcham mfz botoeo czamtrc| g~ oo` tgo~mzzofckeo tlomtortoezt aot mfz
oabfoamtczjlo tctof Rucz ,dggr Lm`z Mmrzam`#& dmt ce rojo`t tckdo`z ack` {goetgjlt yg`d c`
Otjotorm ,dojoabor 2>>=#. [g trmjlt ce& {ck lot aotmigrczjl& aghofckeo botoeo`czrofmtcoz to
fohho` tuzzo` rucz o` do orymrc`h ym` oo` mfga!tojl`gfghczjlo zottc`h c` oo` tckd~ore xmmrc`
{gxof ao`z mfz tlomtor `mmr oo` c`torimjo o` oo` `couxo m`drgdo cdo`tctoct {goeo` aot do
amjlc`o o` lot dchctmfczorc`hz~rgjoz.
oo` ~rgbfooaztoffc`h
Zooc`h m`d lomrc`h `g fg`hor `oodz tg bo jg`zcdorod zo~mrmtofs& gr
bo jgabc`od c`tg auzcj tlomtro mz m` mrt!igra zo~mrmto irga& zms&
c`ztruao`tmf auzcj ,mz ct to`dz tg bo xctl tlo mym`t!hmrdo#. C xgufdzca~fs zms tlmt tlomtro cz zgaotlc`h xlcjl o`hmhoz bgtl tlo oso m`d
tlo omr ,Jmho& hojctoord c` Brggez 24#
Dmt Kgl` Jmho do{o ~rgbfooaztoffc`h amh c`focdo` cz `cot tgoymffch; lck looit do botoeo`cz ym`
hofucd& c`jf. rucz& c` {ck` jga~gzctcoz mm`{co`fcke yorm`dord& mfzgge do hro`{o` tuzzo` jg`jort
o` tlomtor yorfohd. Lck igraufoordo do bck{g`doro rofmtco tuzzo` tlomtrmfczorc`h o` au{coe mfz
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ygfht; Tlomtro cz mff mrgu`d uz UQ m`d ct lmz mfxmsz lu`h mrgu`d auzcj ! ci g`fs sgu fot
sgur mtto`tcg` bo dcztrmjtod irga tlo zgu`dz ,@sam` =3#. Jmho dgoft mfz lot xmro g~ do
igjuz ym` do tgozjlguxor c` hofcke xofeo yggrztoffc`h bc``o` do ~gdcuaeu`zto`. Igjuz
yorrmmdt ojltor oo` yczuofo horcjltlocd. Jmho {cot lot ojltor brodor o` ~fmmtzt dmmrga `mmzt
lot dgac m`t yczuofo mz~ojt ym` tlomtor o` tlomtrmfctoct oo` m`doro oycdo`to& dgjlyorxmmrfggzdo {c`tuchfckeo jga~g`o`t; lot lgro`.
Dgrcz Egfozjl ztoft lcorgatro`t ymzt; C` oo` `mdoro bozjlguxc`h ym` lot oztlotczjlo
dobmt ymft g~ dmt lot hodgac`oord xgrdt dggr jg`jo~to` o` aotmigro` uct lot yczuofo dgaoc`.
UQ Gge lot tlomtor zjlck`t {cjl c` do o~cztoagfghczjlo& g`tgfghczjlo o` jufturofo
dgac`m`tco ym` lot yczuofo to zjlceeo`& yorbg`do` mfz lot otsagfghczjl caaorz cz mm`
tlomtrg & dmt zjlgux!~fmmtz botoeo`t; tlomtor cz do ~fmmtz ym` lot {cjltbmro& oo` ~fmmtz ym` lot
{co` o` ym` lot ,mm`#ho{co` xgrdo` ,Egfozjl Mtg~co :9>#. Gge Lgftlgi z~rooet gyor oo`
bodrocho`do {c`tuchzggrt dco ao` bfckebmmr xcf yorym`ho` dggr eckeo`& mffoo` ammr eckeo . Do
or`zt xmmraoo tlogrotcjc mfz Kom`!Irm`gcz Fsgtmrd& Mrtlur o` Amrco!Fguczo Ergeor& ^otorXocbof gi eu`zto`mmrz mfz Ztoffmrj bo{ch {ck` g`{o fcjlmao` ycrtuoof to ameo`& cz dmmr zfojltz
do fmmtzto uctc`h ym` ,Lgftlgi ?#. Do ~orz~ojtcyczjlo bfce cz gge ygfho z Bmrt Yorzjlmiiof c`
bck{g`dor oo` tlomtrmfo; Lot Hrcoezo tlomtrg` botoeo`t; dmt xmt xmmrd cz ho{co` to xgrdo`.
UQ Tlomtor cz ~orz~ojtcoi; xmmrdch& ~fojltch& mbzgfuut eckeo`& `mmr xmt boztmmt ga ~oriojt&
ga cdommf ho{co` to xgrdo`. ,hojctoord c` Lgftlgi 9#.
Dmt or dmmrga `gh zfojltz xoc`ch z~ojcicoeo fctormtuur bozjlcebmmr cz gatro`t hofucd c`
tlomtor& ygrat oo` oorzto ~rgbfooa bck ack` torroc !yoreo``c`h. Ce troe ack` grc`tmtco g~o` c`
do broodto o` {goe c` do fctormtuur gyor ~gztdczjc~fc`mcro& auftcaodcmfo tlomtorygrao` ym`
ym`dmmh mm`e`g~c`hz~u`to` aot do `gtcoz ym` ztcfto& fmxmmc o` rucz& {gmfz dco roodz c`
au{coetlogrco` boz~rgeo` xgrdo`. C`torozzm`t {ck dmmrc` do o|~orcao`tofo ercktfck`o` dco
yoofmf jga~g`czto` ,{gmfz Kgl` Jmho o` Hgrdg` Auaam# c` do mym`t!hmrdo lobbo` hotoeo`d&
yggrmf xm``oor or gyoroo`egazto` to yc`do` {ck aot o|~orcao`tofo tlomtorygrao . Hofucd
lm`ht uctormmrd c` {ck botoeo cz gge zmao` aot do m`doro toeo`drmhorz. Do aghofckeo
botoeo`czdcao`zcoz {ck` ymme `cot fgz to do`eo` ym` lot jfuztor ym` c`to`tcg`ofo o` tgoymffch
hoigjmfczoordo ~rceeofz. Egfozjl bozjlrckit dct mfz ygfht; Or egao` boofdo` o` mzzgjcmtcoz& ce
xgrd `mmr ack` ocho` fcjlmma o` ack ocho` yorboofdc`h toruhyorxo{o`. Hoo` lgro`
dorlmfyo {g`dor yczumfctoct; jg`jroot& lot lgro` bohofocdt lot eckeo`& gi do`eboofdch ,EgfozjlMtg~co :94#. Ztcfto o` rucz eu``o` dm` gge mm` do lm`d ym` m`doro ~rceeofz dm` mudctcoyo
yorztoret xgrdo` c` do orymrc`h o` do yorboofdc`hzxorofd. Ack` igjuz bfckit ojltor ztoodz lot
hobruce o` do iu`jtco ym` hofucdchlocd o` rucz bc``o` oo` jg`to|t ym` tlomtor o` tojl`gfghco&
o` fcht duz c` do oorzto ~fmmtz c` lot {c`tuchfckeo dgaoc` ym` lot lgro`. Gi {gmfz Acoeo Egfe !
tgo~mzzofcke mfz aotmiggr yggr do{o ~m~or lot igraufoort;
Lot ggr rcjlt lot ggh o` zjlo~t rucatoz& mfz oo` jmaorm.
,Acoeo Egfe c` Dgjuao`tm \YCCC.4;23=#
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oo` ls~gtlozo
Mfygro`z ce lot ~mrmdcham yoreo`& em` oo` brucebmro megoztczjlo doic`ctco ym` rucz mf o`cho
~orz~ojtcoyo` g~o`o` yggr do uctxorec`h ym` oo` tlozo. Horucz gi rucz cz oo` tora yggr
hofucd dmt aoordoro& ym` ofemmr yorzjlcffo`do iro}uo`tcoz gaymt c` oo` hofucdzz~ojtrua. Or
g`tbrooet dmmrc oo` ~mtrgg`& oo` ztrujtuur. Lot cz oo` g`{ucyor hofucd dmt uct zmao`hoztofdohofucdzhgfyo` boztmmt. Dmmrga ztofdo Rguzzomu {cjl roodz do yrmmh c` {ck`Dcjtcg``mcro do
Auzc}uo ,=898#; Jgufd xo `gt camhc`o tlmt `gczo UQ cz ctzofi `gtlc`h agro tlm` tlo zua gi
m auftctudo gi dciioro`t zgu`dz xlcjl mro boc`h lomrd zcauftm`oguzfs7 ,hojctoord c` @mttco{
?:#. Lot holoof xgrdt dmmrga mfz dciiuuz o` g`ducdofcke orymro`. Do lgghto ,iro}uo`tco# ym`
lot hofucd em` `cot oo`ducdch o` aot {oeorlocd ymzthoztofd xgrdo . Do trcffc`ho` eu``o`
bgyo`dco` dczjg`tc`u o` g`rohofamtch yorfg~o`. [o eu``o` miegaztch {ck ym` {gxof
m`grhm`czjlo hohoyo`z mfz ym` grhm`czjlo& ~zsjlczjlo& ao`zofckeo xo{o`z ,Eructlgi 4:#. Or
eu``o` yordor drco zggrto` ym` rucz g`dorzjlocdo` xgrdo`; do xctto rucz gaymt lot tgtmfo
z~ojtrua xmmrc` mffo mm`xo{cho iro}uo`tcoz g`hoyoor oyo` ztore {ck`5 do rg{o rucz eo`tdmmro`toho` oo` lghoro c`to`zctoct ym` fmho iro}uo`tcoz5 o` do bfmuxo eo`aoret {cjl dggr
ztoreoro lgho iro}uo`tcoz ,44#.
Rucz cz bckhoygfh oo` {oor jg`jroot o` {c`tuchfcke xmmr`ooabmro ygra ym` jlmgz&
dczjg`tc utoct o` yorxmrrc`h. C` dco {c` yorzjlcft rucz ym` hoztrujturoord hofucd& dmt
trmdctcg`oof mfz au{coe xgrdt hodoic`coord; auzcjmf zgu`d rozuftz irga rohufmr& ~orcgdcj
ycbrmtcg`z5 `gczo rozuftz irga `g`~orcgdcj ycbrmtcg z. C` Irm`jo tloro cz oyo` m` giicjcmf
~lszcjmf doic`ctcg` gi `gczo; m` orrmtcj& c`toractto`t gr ztmtcztcjmffs rm`dga ycbrmtcg`. Tlo
dcztc`jtcg` cz bmzod g` tlo g~~gzctcg` botxoo` ~uro m`d zca~fo zgu`dz g` g`o lm`d m`d
jga~fo| zgu`dz g` tlo gtlor ,@mttco{ 4?#. Dmt dorhofcke bc mcr do`eo` `cot
g`~rgbfoamtczjl cz& ygfht uct do ymztztoffc h dmt rucz mfz hofucd ym`dmmh ~rgdujtcoi
ho`tohroord xgrdt bc``o` oo` ztrujtuur gi au{cemfo jgdo ,oo` to`do`z dco `cot o`eof do
~gztagdor`o au{coe= yrooad cz& ammr gge do ~g~juftuur2#. Rucz agot dmmrga xgrdo`
holordoic`coord mfz m`s zgu`d tlmt xo jg`zcdor mz lmyc`h m dczmhroombfo miiojtcyo jlmrmjtor&
zgaotlc`h u`mjjo~tmbfo& `g amttor xlmt tlcz jlmrmjtor ams mfzg bo tlo `gtcg` gi `gczo cz
icrzt m`d igroagzt m zubkojtcyo `gtcg ,Jlgjlgffo =38:& hojctoord c` @mttco{ 4?#. G~ dco
am`cor xgrdt rucz dcexckfz homzzgjcoord aot do jg``gtmtcoz ym` oo` ztgro`d bckhofucd& gi
zca~ofxoh fmxmmc. Eructlgi `goat mfz g`z garc`ho`do ruczhofucdo` dco do ztcfto aghofckeyorztgro`; Zgaz {ck` lot `ohmtcoyo bckhofucdo`& ycbrmtcoz dco g`z lc`doro`; lot hotce ym` oo`
efge& lot horgo{oagoz ym` ~rmto`do ao`zo`& lot hodrou` ym` oo` drcfbggr& lot hormmz ym`
yfcohtuchagtgro`& lot ho{goa ym` oo` c`ztmffmtco yggr mcrjg`dctcg`c`h ,Eructlgi =?!9#.
= Acoeo Egfe bozjlrckit bckyggrboofd do c`tohrmtco ym` rucz c` do rojo`to g~orm Rgzm& m lgrzo drmam ,2>>>#;Oo` dordo fmmh xgrdt hoygrad dggr mffodmmhzo hofucdo` dco mfz efm`edojgr UQ ammr gge mfz uctbrocdc`h ym` dolm`dofc`h holggrd eu``o` xgrdo` UQ. C`trchoro`d cz gge `gh lot hofucd ym` dru~~ofo`d xmtor dmt {cjl ztoodzxoor c` do yorztcfdo agao`to` ym` do au{coe `oztoft. O` gge xck xgrdo` {g ztcf dmt xo do dru~~of lgro`ymffo` ,Egfe :>3#.
2 Oo` yggrboofd uct do rojo`to ~g~juftuur; Drua ` bmzz em` ao` gazjlrckyo` mfz ofoetrg`czjlo& rctaczjlo`gczo dco ao` aot boluf~ ym` zma~foz mm`oo`rckht ,Aorto`z :23#.
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Rucz xgrdt caaorz {ck lot zubkojtcoi mfz g`mm`ho`mma orymro` mfz {o do
mjjo~tmbofo droa~of ym` ygfuao& ymzto ~ctjloz gi lot grdo!bohrc~ gyorzjlrocdt& xmt uctorzt
mrbctrmcr mfz lggrbmro `gra boztmmt. C` dco {c` foyort Kmj}uoz Mttmfc do ~roh`m`to doic`ctco;
_` bruct ozt u`o zg`grct }uc h`o fjguto du` aozzmho o` jgurz daczzcg`. UQ Fo bruct`o|czto dg`j ~mz o` fuc!aao& amcz ~mr rm~~grt mu zsztao g cf zc`zjrct ; aottour&trm`zaottour& rjo~tour. UQ fo bruct m tgukgurz t rozzo`tc jgaao doztrujtcg & dzgrdro&zmfczzuro& ~gffutcg`& mhrozzcg` jg`tro fo jgdo }uc ztrujturo foz aozzmhoz. UQ Dm`z zm rmfct
bcgfghc}uo& fo bruct ozt u` agso` do imcro amf. Mu!dof du`o fcacto& cf doyco`t u`o mraocaamtrcoffo do agrt. Fgrocffo& trm`zigramtour do zch`mu| zg`groz o` ca~ufzcg`z fojtrc}uozmdrozzoz mu joryomu& ~out tro dhrmdo& ot aao dtructo& fgrz}uo fm ir}uo`jo du`o zg`grctd~mzzo 2>.>>> L{& gu fgrz}uo zg` c`to`zct d~mzzo dB. UQ Mrao do agrt& cf fozt doyo`udm`z fm tojl`gfghco c`duztrcoffo. Amcz& jgaao fm agrt `ozt }uu` o|jz do yco& fo bruct mtgukgurz t ~oru muzzc jgaao zgurjo do|mftmtcg` UQ. ,Mttmfc ??#
Do{o droa~oforymrc`h aot lot duc{ofc`hxoeeo`do hoymmr yggr egrtzfuctc`h c` do lorzo`o`
~rceeoft {c tuchfcke o` dcrojt oo` orymrc`h tuzzo` foyo` o` dggd. Rucz looit dmmrga c` yofo
g~{cjlto` jromtcoyo ~gto`tco mfz do`eemdor o` mfz orymrc`hzxorofd yggr lot tlomtor& dmt bck
uctztoe do orymrc`h ym` do hro`z gi do c`botxoo`!zctumtco aghofcke ammet. [gxof grhm`czjl!
yczjormfo mfz m`grhm`czjl!amjlc`mfo rucz eu``o` mfz tlomtortoeo` xgrdo` c`ho{ot. Ack`
ls~gtlozo cz dmt do rucz miegaztch uct lot yczjormfo fcjlmma {cjl {g aghofcke `cot
g`dubbof{c``ch yorlgudt mfz xoorztm`d o` yoryrooadc`h t.g.y. do dczjc~fc`orc`h dco lot
fcjlmma trmjlt to g`t!fcjlmao` tgt oo` `couxo& ~gzt!agrtoa cdo`tctoct c` oo` tojl`gfghczjlo
xorofd ym` horuczfg{o amjlc`oz. Ce xcf dmmraoo oo` hodmjltohm`h g~bguxo & mfzxodorxggrd g~ do tlozo ym` do Irm`zo ojg`gaczt Kmj}uoz Mttmfc c` {ck` Bructz ,@gczoz# ym`
=388; `gczo tlmt cz& dczturbc`h auzcj cz tlo lmrbc`hor gi m `ox zgjcmf grdor ,@mttco{ 48#.
Xmt do{o `couxo grdo o` {ck` ruagorcho yggrbgdo aghofcke c`lgudo`& xgrdt c` do ygfho`do
~mrmdchamtczjlo yoreo``c`h ucthoxoret.
Ztmbmt Amtr!|
Mfzzo}uo`tcm c` ack` Ro}ucoa yggr do ztcfto ecoz ce `cot lot hobruceofckeo Dcoz Crmo ammrzma~fo ce mfz lot xmro oo` ,~gzt#agdor`o yorzco ym` lot Ztmbmt Amtor. Oo` c hroo~ dco
xofczxmmr `cot yrooad cz mm` o`cho crg`czjlo c`tortoeztumfctoct. C` dct doof hm ce g~ {goe `mmr
oo` aghofckeo botoeo`czamtrc| ga tlomtor c` rofmtco aot tojl`gfghco to c`tor~rotoro` ym`uct do
z~ojcicoeo jg`zo}uo`tcoz yggr do hofucdchlocd o` c` lot bck{g`dor yggr lot bohrc~ rucz.
lot ca~orcua ym` dchctmfczorc`h
Lot tckd~ore ym` dchctmfczorc`h o` c`igramtcotojl`gfghco looit yorztroeeo`do hoygfho` c` do
bofoyc`h ym` hofucd. Ym`dmmh cz or gyormf o` mftckd au{coe mm`xo{ch mfz oo` `g`ztg~!rucz c`
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do mjltorhrg`d ym` lot ammtzjlm~~ofcke foyo` dmt dggr do xotto` ym` jgaaorjco xgrdt
hodcjtoord. Eructlgi ztoft ymzt; C` Yfmm`doro` boztmmt or hoo` ztcfto ym` o`cho gaym`h o`
duur. G`dor{goe looit ucthoxo{o` dmt mffo hobcodo` yoryucfd {ck` dggr zgjcmfo o` au{cemfo
hofucdo . Mm` do `mtuurfckeo trcffc`ho` dco `gh boeo`d {ck`& zjlo`eo` xo xoc`ch mm`dmjlt& {o
xgrdo` g`dorhoxmmrdoord. UQ Do yordrckyc`h o` yorztgrc`h ym` do `mtuurfckeo ycbrmtcozlooit {cjl hofocdofcke mm` dggrho{ot ,Eructlgi =8#. Eructlgiz ~gffutcohodmjlto cz xoc ch
~gzctcoi; M`dorz cz lot hoztofd aot do ao`zofckeo zgjcmfo hofucdo`& aot c`bohrc~ ym` lot
horucz dmt miegaztch cz ym` amjlc`oz o` m`doro mrtoimjto`& dco yoof aoor ztgro`do o`
zjlmdofckeo oiiojto` zgrtoro`. Ac`zto`z oyo` lc`dorfcke {ck` do au{cemfo hofucdo` g~ ztrmmt& c`
mutgz& c` jmiz o` tlucz. Do mhrozzcoyo efm`eo` c` xmro`luc{o` o` xc`eofz& g~ do bucz o` g~
do rmdcg. Lot mm`tmf jmiz xmmr ko xoho`z to yoof dojcbofz hoo` bolggrfcke hoz~roe eu`t
ygoro`& cz `cot to toffo`. Lcor gyorztoat lot zgjcmfo hofucd do au{coe& dmmr trmjlt ao` aot
au{coe lot zgjcmfo fmxmmc to botouhofo . Do o`o gyorfmzt xgrdt boztrodo` dggr do m`doro
lc`dor& xmmrdggr or cot {ofdo` oo` dubbofo gyorfmzt g`tztmmt ,2:#.Mabco`t au{coe xgrdt c` dco g~tcoe oo` ztrmtohco ga ztgro`d hofucd gi yoryofo`do
ztcfto to gyor!ztoaao`. Do dchctmfo tojl`gfghco xgrdt c`ho{ot ga do xorofd ym` lot zgjcmfo
jg`tmjt to botouhofo` ycm au{coe o` hofucd& oo` jg`ztm`to rucz dco dggr Eructlgi mfz gyorfmzt
xgrdt orymro`. Do{o rucz iu`jtcg`oort ~mrmdg|mmf mfz jg`trgfo g~ do jlmgtczjlo mffodmmhzo
rucz. Tmsfgr yorxggrdt do jg`zo}uo`tcoz ym` do{o jg`dctcg`orc`h g~ do au{coe mfz zgjcmmf
io`gaoo`; Boigro tlo mdyo`t gi rojgrdc`h tojl`gfghs m`d rmdcg& ~og~fo amdo tlocr gx`
auzcj agzt gi tlo tcao& but xlmt cz rmdcjmffs dciioro`t tgdms cz tlmt ct cz `gx ~gzzcbfo tg jromto
o`tcro xgrfdz gi zgu`d mff bs sgurzofi xctl sgur jga~utor5 tloro cz `g fg`hor m `ojozzmrs
zgjcmf mz~ojt gi auzcjec`h ,Tmsfgr =:#.
Do dchctmfo tojl`coeo` ztoffo` fmmtztho`goado megoztczjlo dozch`orz c` ztmmt ga ofe
hofucd uct {ck `mtuurfckeo jg`to|t to `oao`& g~ to zfmm` o` to boxoreo . Lot dchctmfc!
zorc`hz~rgjoz cz caaorz c` ztmmt hofcke xofe `mtuurfcke hofucd to dczjc~fc`oro`;
Dchctc{mtcg` cz buzcfs jgfg`c{c`h oyorstlc`h& tur`c`h oyorstlc`h c`tg c`igramtcg` tlmt jm` bodozzoac`mtod c`ztm`tfs ci g`o cz miifuo`t o`guhl tg gx` gr lmyo mjjozz tg tlo ~rg~ortojl`gfghs. ^muf Ycrcfcg xrctoz tlmt c`igramtcg` `gxmdmsz UczQ gutztrc~~c`h tlo `gtcg`z gi
amzz m`d o`orhs5 UQ c`igramtcg` jgaoz tg tlo igro mz m` o`torcfs zo~ormto igra gi o`orhs;zgu`d m`d camho o`orhs& tlo o`orhs gi fg`h!dcztm`jo tgujl m`d jg`tmjt UQ. Tlcz cz
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c`igramtcg` mz tlo dchctc{od bct& xlcjl lmz tlo ~gxor tg ca~orcmfc{o oyorstlc`h m`doyorsxloro& xlcfo mt tlo zmao tcao ct oiimjoz gur zo`zo gi xloro oyorsxloro cz. ,Tmsfgr =?:#
Lot dchctmfo tckd~ore cz or ` ym` ca~orcmfczorc`h ym` `couxo o`orhco`& {gxof yczuofo mfz
zg`gro& dco c` `couxo jg`to|to` eu``o` xgrdo` c`ho{ot. Hodchctmfczoord hofucd cz mfz lot
xmro hodojg`to|tumfczoord ,gi botor& m!tg~czjl# o` em` ztoodz xoor c` `couxo botoeo`cz!ztrujturo` xgrdo` g~ho`gao` yggr `couxo jga~gzctcoz. Do `couxo au{coe ztmmt ojltor
g`dor do dcjtmtuur ym` do{o dczjc~fc`orc`hz! o` ag`tmhoaghofckelodo`. Hofucd xgrdt
uctxczzofbmro c`igramtco xmmrbck lot aghofcke xgrdt ga {gxof c`~ut mfz gut~ut to
am`c~uforo`. Dchctmfczorc`h botoeo`t ojltor `cot o`eof lot egfg`czoro` ym` aoor o` aoor
c`igramtco& {gmfz Kom` Bmudrcffmrd ztoft; Agro m`d agro c`igramtcg` zlgufd bo u`dorztggd
mz aom`c`h fozz m`d fozz mbzo`t c`igramtcg`. ,hojctoord c`^rozo`jo =4#.
Lot ruczhofucd yorlgudt {cjl ~mrmdg|mmf toho`gyor oo` botoeo`czztrujtuur& oyo`mfz
toho`gyor lot lofo dchctmfo ca~orcua mfz zsztooa. Bmudrcffmrd aoo`t gyor do ~gzctco ym` rucz
c` oo` zsztooa; Tlo fozz `gczo m zsztoa jg`tmc`z& tlo fozz roz~g`zcyo ct jm` bo tg `gczo& m`dtlo agro rchcd m`d mutlgrctmrcm` ct auzt bojgao tg amc`tmc` ctzofi c` tlo imjo gi c`oyctmbfo
dczturbm`joz. UQ Xctlgut hm~z m`d `gczo& c`igramtcg` bojgaoz aom`c`hfozz m`d g~~rozzcyo&
rgbbc`h tlo zgjcmf zubkojt gi mutg`gas ,Muzfm`dor^rozo`jo =4#. Do ~mrmdg| zjlucft ojltor
c` lot aojlm`czao ym` dczjc~fc`orc`h xm``oor hofucd& c.j. rucz& xgrdt hodchctmfczoord. Rucz cz
mfz ztgrc h o` jlmgz `cot dczjc~fc`oorbmmr tgt dczjurzcoi zohao`t. Tlogrotczjl lgudt lot
caaorz g~ rucz to {ck` ygfho`z do bgyo`ztmm`do doic`ctcoz ym` {gdrm lot oo` jg`trgfoorbmro
ztrujtuur mm``ooat. Rucz xgrdt dmmro`toho` c` do ~rmetcke xohhoicftord mfz mbkojt o`
g`hoxo`zt bckhofucd:. Ammr lot cz `u `ot ygfho`z Bmudrcffmrd oo` `ggd{meofcke aodcjck`
xm``oor do c`igramtcoyor{mdchc`h mutgrctmcr xgrdt o` do c`igramtco botoeo`czfggz. Rucz bfcketdo `ggd{meofckeo yggrxmmrdo to {ck` yggr botoeo`czhoyc`h o` ammet dmt lot c`dcycdu {ck`
zgoyoroc ctoct bolgudt to` g~{cjlto ym` do amjlc`o. Rucz xgrdt dm` ~mrmdg|mmf oo`
xofegao zubyorzco toho` lot ag`g~gfco ym` do amjlc`o g~ do mffoz!gyorloorzo`do
dczjurzcyctoct; Mukgurdluc& fm amjlc`o r~tctcyo m ~rgduct fo zcfo`jo& fo jg`trfo ~gfctc}uo
jo`trmfcz do fm ~mrgfo ot& ~fuz h`rmfoao`t& du bruct. UQ Mukgurdluc& tgut bruct yg}uo u`o
cdo do zubyorzcg`. Cf ozt r~rca& zuryocff& mfduz Kmj}uoz Mttmfc ,244#.
G`{o c`igramtco!yor{mdchdo juftuur looit oo` horuczfg{o amjlc`o yggrthobrmjlt
xmmrbck lot horucz mfz g`hoxo`zt o` zubyorzcoi hofucd toho`gyor do {cjl{ofi lorlmfo`do
xorec`h ym` lot zsztooa egat to ztmm`. Rucz bro`ht yor!ztgrc`ho` cz duz c` do{o yczco oo`
hoymmr dmt `cot em` xgrdo` tgohofmto` c` ycruz!yrcko c`igramtcoztrujturo`. Muzfm`dor {oht
gyor lot mutczao ym` dorhofckeo c`igramtco!yor{mdchdo gahoyc`h o` do zgjcmfo jg`trgfo dggr
do aodcm; Tlo ~gxor gi tlo aodcm dorcyoz& c` tlcz ycox& irga tlocr mbcfcts tg z~ome xctlgut
oyor lmyc h tg `ohgtcmto xctl m roz~g`zo irga tlo mudco`jo. Tlo oiiojt gi z~oojl xctlgut
roz~g`zo cz tlo zgjcmf czgfmtcg` gi tlo z~ojtmtgr ,^rozo`jo =?#. Dorhofckeo uctz~rmme `gdcht
: Do`eo` xo ammr mm` A^:& gitoxof A^OH =!fmsor : ,yggr hofucd#; oo` ztm`dmmrdigrammt o` bgyo`mf
jga~rozzcoaotlgdo c` do dchctmfo xorofd dco hofucd o`jgdoort o` jga~rcaoort bc``o` oo` bo~oret iro}uo tco!z~ojtrua. Do{o aotlgdo hmmt orym` uct dmt lot ao`zofcke ggr bo~mmfdo iro}uo`tcoz `cot rohcztroort o` e`c~t do{oduz xoh. Do mbkojto rucz bofm`dt ichuurfcke c` do ycrtuofo ~ruffo`am`d.
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xofczxmmr aotmigrczjl uct tgt oo` oorzto bodo`ec`h gyor tojl`gfghco g~ do zj`o ym` lot
tlomtor.
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7/23/2019 Het Paradigma van Ruis: Over de betekenis van geluid in Theater & Technologie
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Lm z!Tlcoz Folam`` bozjlrckit do `couxo aghofckelodo` dco do au{coexorofd
ym`dmmh looit yggrthobrmjlt yggr lot tlomtor;
C` dor ofoetrg`czjlo` Auzce czt oz ahfcjl hoxgrdo`& dco ^mrmaotor doz Efm`hz bofcobch {u
am`c~ufcoro` u`d zg dor Auzcemfczcoru`h dor Ztcaao` u`d Ef`ho ca Tlomtor hm`{ `ouoBorocjlo {u orzjlfco o`. Xo`` boroctz dor oc`{of`o Tg` zcjl muz oc`or hm`{o` Roclo yg`]umfctto` {uzmaao`zot{t ! Iro}uo`{& Tg`llo& Gbort`o& Tcabro& Fmutztreo!& dco am`act Lcfio yg` Zs`tlozc{or` am`c~ufcoro` em``& dm`` orhcbt zcjl muz do` ofoetrg`czjlo`Horuzjl! u`d Tg`egabc`mtcg`o` ,Zma~fc`h# oc`o hm`{ `ouo Dcao`zcg` yg` Zgu`d caTlomtor. UQ Oz xcrd ahfcjl& do` hozmato` Efm`hrmua doz Tlomtorz ho{coft {u am c~ufcoro`u`d {u ztrueturcoro`. ,Folam`` =?8#
Do hofucdchlocd c` lot tlomtor cz gge am`c~ufoorbmmr o` ztrujtuurbmmr dggr do `couxo
dchctmfczorc`hz~rgjozzo . C`torozzm`t cz ojltor dmt Folam`` z~rooet ym` Horuzjl! u`d
Tg`egabc`mtcg`o` xm``oor lck zma~fc`h bodgoft. Or xmz oo` to`do`z dmt zs`tlozc{orz{gyoof aghofcke lot grchc`ofo hofucd trmjlto` to bo`mdoro` dggr lot m`mfgho
iro}uo`tcoz~ojtrua& c`jfuzcoi rucz& to oyo`mro`4. Ammr do ofojtrg`czjlo amjlc`oz ~rgdujoro`
gge `couxo c`torozzm`to ruczhofucdo` dco dggr am`c~ufmtco o` ztrujturorc`h tgt oo` `couxo
zgu`deu``o` focdo`& oyo`mfz c` lot tlomtor. Zsfycm Ztgot{or jg`jfudoort aot botroeec`h tgt do
tojl`gfghczjlo aghofckelodo` yggr lot ~gztdrmamtczjlo o` auftcdczjc~fc`mcro au{coetlomtor
ym` ym`dmmh; boztmm`do ofoao`to` xgrdo` g~ oo` ~orzgg`fckeo am`cor g~`coux horm`hzjlcet
o` c` oo` `couxo jg`to|t ho~fmmtzt ,Ztgot{or :?>#. Hoaodcoordo ruczhofucdo` {ck` dmmrga
~or doic`ctco mtg~czjl c` do bofoyc`h ym` do efm`erucato c` tlomtor; {o xgrdo` uct lu` jg`to|tho~fmmtzt. Lgo do{o hodojg`to|tumfczoordo rucz {cjl `u botoeo`czygf yorlgudt tgt lot fcjlmma
ym` do mjtour xgrdt c` lot ygfho`do ucthoxoret.
do ca~oriojtco g`tfcjlmmad
Aot lot yordxck`o` ym` {ck` amtorcfo fcjlmma cz gge do
aghofckelocdzyggrxmmrdo yggr oo` {c`tuchfcke o` bofcjlmmad {ofi
yordxo`o`. ,Bfooeor 2:#
Do jga~utor! o` gge do tofoyczcotojl`gfghco` ygrao` oo` xmtordcjlt zsztooa aot
g`dorfc`ho yorbc`dc`ho` ycm c`torimjoz. Do tojl`gfghco c` tlomtor ro~rozo`toort g~ dco am`cor
oo` rucato& dco ygfho`z Folam`` UQ oc`o c` zcjl hozjlfgzzo`o m`doro Xoft bcfdot ,44>#.
Do tojl`gfghczjlo rucato {goet c` tlomtor oo` aghofckeo c`torimjo aot lot fcjlmma& dco
dmmrdggr g`tfcjlmmad xgrdt; O`t!Er~orfcjlu`h czt oc`o xozo`tfcjlo Xcreu`h doz
ofoetrg`czjlo` Rmuaz ,Folam`` 44>#. Lot fcjlmma yorfcozt caaorz {ck amtorcmfctoct
xm``oor lot c` oo` ycrtuoof zsztooa c`hozfgto` xgrdt. Dcozoz Zsztoa yorer~ort do`
[uzjlmuor'Bo`ut{or c` oc`or ruafcjl!do{o`trcorto`& {octfcjl u`tordotorac`corto` u`d
4[g cz or do jd!jgffojtco g`dor lot fmbof Zs`tlozc{or Jfmzzcj xmmrc` megoztczjlo c`ztruao`to` xgrdo` hoyo`mmrddggr zs`tlozc{orhofucdo` c` oo` uctygorc`h ym` efmzzcoeo jga~gzctcoz.
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hfocjlzma er~oriroco` Z~lro ,44>#. Aoor `gh& do g`tfcjlmmado rucatobofoyc`h looit
jg`zo}uo`tcoz g~ {gxof do bofoyc`h ym` lot {ofi mfz do {c`tuchfckeo orymrc`h ym` hofucd&
ygfho`z Ergeor;
G`jo tlo yocf gi amtorcmfcts'zubkojtcycts lmz boo` trm`zhrozzod ,m`d mbm`dg`od#& tlo` tlo bgdsmz zgaotlc`h romf ym`czloz c`tg tlo z~ojtro gi ls~orromfcza. UQ tlo ,~gztagdor # zofi czo`dfozzfs ro~rgdujod mz m ycbrmtc`h zot gi ~mrtcjfoz UQ. Auzcj'ycbrmtcg` mz zoryg!aojlm`czao`torz dcrojtfs c`tg tlo ~gztagdor` bgds m`d ~mzzoz tlrguhl ct xctlgut m trmjo& fomyc`h g`fs m`mftorod o`orhs ztmto. Oyorsxloro auzcj jromtoz tlo aggd& tlo o`orhs foyof& gi tlo ~gztagdor`zjo`o. @oyor zoo` but o}umffs `oyor zlut gut& auzcj mz ~m`cj ycbrmtcg`z zojrotoz tlrguhl tlo
bgds gi tlo zgjcmf. ,Ergeor yc#
Do trm`zhrozzco `mmr oo` fcjlmmazyrcko& mbzgfuto toho`xggrdchlocd? c` do ycrtuofo zioor
ammet c` Ergeorz mffohgrco lot fcjlmma tgt o`orhco xmmruct do hofucdztrcffc`ho` mfz
~m`coeromjtco zojrotoort. Xmt Ergeor ~rojcoz bodgoft& lob ce ojltor lot rmdo` `mmr. Ce fooz lot
mfz hozjlceto aotmiggr c` do bofoyc`h ym` ycbrmtcoz dco gge tgt lot mffodmmhzo eu``o` bolgro`.
Do ~m coetrcffc`ho`& xmmrgyor Ergeor lot looit& fckeo` ack ojltor oordor do yczjormfo
ruczhofucdo` dm` do hoztsfoordo efm`ezjlcfdorcktkoz gizgu`dzjm~oz dco lot foyo` ym`dmmh c` do
mjltorhrg`d boloorzo`. Eructlgi ztoft cotxmt `gztmfhczjl c` {ck` au{coezgjcgfghczjl bgoe aot
do yoofbotoeo`do tctof Hoo` ao`z km`et {g g`ho`mdch mfz do ao`z; @cot mffoo` do `mtuurfckeo
trcffc`ho` c` do bucto`xorofd yordxck`o`& gge g`{o ocho` `mtuurfckeo hofucdo` xgrdo`
g`dordruet. Do aoozto fcjlmaofckeo hofucdo` {ck` dggr do jcycfczorc`h c` oo` yorbgdo` {g`o
torojlthoegao`. Bgoro` o` xc`do` fmto` cz oo` lgrrour& ko eu`t m`doro ao`zo` tgjl `cotym` ko z~ckzyortorc`h fmto` aooho coto`. UQ O` {ofiz lmrd fmjlo` cz c` yoof acfcouz
g`bofooid ,Eructlgi =#.
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bgds but bofg`h tg ctz amtorcmfcts ! jm` ~rgycdo m ~gc`t gi o`trs gr mjjozz tg tlo bgds m`dc`
m` ca~grtm`t m`d ~gxoriuf jgdc`h zsztoa ,Xggd 2>3#.
Oo` bofm`hrckeo ruczbrg` c` lot fcjlmma cz do mdoa& ym`xmmruct gge mffo ztoa!
exmfctocto` g`tztmm`; Zgu`d cz tg bromtl xlmt hozturo cz tg agyoao`t. ^og~fo mro mfxmsz
bromtlc`h m`d tloroigro mfxmsz amec`h zgao hrgu`d `gczo5 but zgu`dc`h tlo bromtl czzch`mfc`h& m`d tlo rm`ho gi zch`mfz m`d fm`humhoz cz c`jmfjufmbfo ,Zjlojl`or =8=#. Aot
m`doro xggrdo`& lot dczjurzcoyo g`tztmmt bck ag`do ym` do rucz c` g`{o mdoa. Lcor egao`
bocdo` tgt oo` bofm`hrcke troi~u`t. Ztoahofucd g`tztmmt caaorz mfz rucz; lot cz oo` trcffo` ym`
do txoo ztoabm`do` c` lot ztrgtto`lggid. Toho`gyor do hodmjlto dmt do ztoa c` iu`jtco ym`
do tmmf g`tztmmt& bo`mdruet Egfozjl dmt do ztoa mfz rucz lot dczjurzcoyo kuczt gyor!ztoat;
Dco Ztcaao borfmhort mfz auzcemfczjl!rlstlaczjlo Romfctt& mfz Mtoa& Horuzjl& Zjlroc& mfzZ~rojlo` ko`zoctz doz Yorzt`dfcjlo` u`d mfz clr ocho`or @mjlefm`h dmz Hozmhto u`d ilrt ygr&
dm dor Er~or Grt dor hoxmftzmao` Oc`zjlrocbu`ho` zsabgfczjlor Jgdoz czt UQ.,ztlotce 94#
C` lot dczjurzcoyo fcjlmma xordo` do toeo`z ym` oo` zsabgfczjlo jgdo mfz g`uctxczbmmr
c`hoeorid o` do xggrdo`fg{o rucz ym` do ztoa zjlroouxt mfz lot xmro toho` dco mhrozzcoyo
dmmd. Lcorc` yc`d ce xoor oo` hozjlceto aotmiggr yggr lot agao t xm``oor c` tlomtor do
ztoa yoryrooadt ym` lot fcjlmma o` oo` botoeo`czfg{o rucz yorztoret xgrdt dggr ofojtrg`czjlo&
gi botor megozamtczjlo m~~mrmtuur. Do fcjlmaofckeo yoryrooadc`h hobourt ~rojcoz xm``oor
lot ztoahofucd toruhhoemmtzt xgrdt g~ lot bo!toeo`do fcjlmma. Egfozjl {ot lmmr
hodmjlto`hm`h yordor o` ztoft dmt do ztoa gi botor& lot horucz ym` do ztoa ~or doic`ctcomtg~czjl cz to` g~{cjlto ym` lot fcjlmma; UQ do ztoa cz mtg~czjl& {ck yor{ot {cjl toho` oo`
zsztoamtczjlo doic`crc`h o` jfmzzcicjorc`h& {ck g`ttroet {cjl mm` oo` oo`ducdcho
~fmmtzbo~mfc`h. Xmmr egat {ck ym`dmm`7 _ct ack` fcjlmma gi uct lot fcjlmma ym` oo` m`dor7
_ct do rucato7 ,Mtg~co :9=#.
Bofm`hrcke yggr do bofoyc`h ym` hofucd c` do tlomtorrucato cz& {gmfz roodz mm`hohoyo`&
do megozamtczjlo hofucdzyorztorec`h. Do otsagfghco ym` lot bohrc~ megozamtczjl bcodt g`z
o`ch `coux c`{cjlt. Lot xggrd yorxckzt `mmr oo` yorlmmf gyor ^stlmhgrmz foorfc`ho`& {gmfz do
Fmrguzzo yorefmmrt; Mjguzamtc}uo;@ga dg`` mu| dczjc~foz do ^stlmhgro }uc& ~o`dm`t jc`}
m``oz& jgutmco`t zoz fog`z jmjlz dorrcro u` rcdomu& zm`z fo ygcr& ot o` gbzorym`t fo
zcfo`jo fo ~fuz rchgurou|. Do four amtro dczzcauf fourz sou|& fm ygc| zoufo ~mryo`mct mu|
dczjc~foz ,hojctoord c` Zjlmoiior 3=#. Lot mdkojtcoi Megozamtczjl yorxckzt dm` `mmr
^stlmhgrmz hgrdck` xctl ctz iu`jtcg` gi yocfc`h zgu`d irga ctz zgurjo ,@mttco{ 3=#. Do ztoa
xgrdt dggr do megozamtczjlo aodcm g`{cjltbmmr& hodojg`to|tumfczoord o` mtg~czjl. Do
Jm`mdozo jga~g`czt Aurrms Zjlmior `goado dct z~fctzo` ym` hofucd ym` {ck` brg`,`o`# gge
zlc{g~lg`cm ,@mttco{ ?:#. @mttco{ c`tor~rotoort g~ bmzcz ym` Ruzzgfgz hodmjltohm`h dmt do
eu zt oo` `ggd{mme dcjtoort c` lot megozamtczjl yor~fmmtzo` ym` horucz uct lot foyo`;
Ruzzgfg xrctoz& UQ Mz ct jgaoz tg uz irga fcio& c` imjt& `gczo caaodcmtofs roac`dz uz gi fcioctzofi& amec`h uz tlc`e gi tlo tlc`hz tlmt ~rgdujo tlo `gczoz tlmt xo mro lomrc`h UQ. @gczo&
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tg bo mrt& auzt fgzo mff trmjoz gi boc`h m rozuft gr m` oiiojt jg``ojtod tg jmuzoz tlmt ~rgdujo ct
,hojctoord c` @mttco{ ?=#.
Do tojl`gfghczjlo tlomtorzottc`h cz `cot yrooad mm` zjlc{gig`o yoryrooadc`h ym`
yczjormfo rucz mfz ~rgtozt toho` do dczjurzcoyo dczjc~fc orc`h ym` lot fcjlmma. Yggrboofdo`
ygfho` c` =.:. Mfz bozfuct ym` dct ~u`t `gh dct; do tojl`gfghczorc`h ym` do tlomtor~rmetcke`ooat `cot {g` ckfo yfujlt mfz Ergeor ,zu~rm# aczzjlco` dood uctzjlck`o`& mfduz Egfozjl;
Dmact czt {uhfocjl hozmht& dm dco [ueu`it doz Tlomtorz ca Aodco`{octmftor `cjlt UQ c` dortgtmfo` Tojl`cic{coru`h u`d Jga~utorczcoru`h fcoht& Tlomtor yorzjlxc`dot `cjlt ca Ycdog!gdor Icfabcfd gdor hmr ca ycrtuoffo` Tlomtor doz Jsborz~mjo. Dco Trm`zigramtcg`o` dozTlomtorz ca dchctmfo` [octmftor z~cofo` zcjl ycofaolr c` dor Bomrboctu`h doz Yorlft`czzoz yg`Er~or u`d Tojl`ce& yg` Xmlr`oau`h u`d Aodco` mb. UQ UDQco Muiilru`h botg`t acter~orfcjl!hoztczjlo` u`d ztcaafcjl!meuztczjlo` Acttof` dco O|czto`{ oc`oz Orimlru`hz! u`dBodoutu`hzrmuaz ko`zoctz doz Zcjltbmro` gdor ho`muor; ko`zoctz dor yczuoffo` Mbbcfdu`ho`u`d Zcaufmtcg`o`. ,ztlotce ?3#
Do ztoa mfz rucz o` mbkojtco yortoft g`z ym` oo` fooixorofd o` oo` {c`tuchfckelocd c`
g~~gzctco aot lot trmhczjlo yorlmmf ym` tojl`gfghco; do zaottofg{o yczuofo ro~rozo`tmtco o`
zcaufmtco foht lot dczjurzcoyo fcjlmma zjlck`bmmr tohofcke mm` bm`do` o` boyrckdt lot ym` {ck`
ca~oriojtco. Xm``oor lot fcjlmma `u hmmt dco`o` mfz c`torimjo yggr do amjlc`o& bo` ce
bo`couxd `mmr xmt or hobourt mfz do{o holmrdo ao`zamjlc`o bohc`t to {c`ho`
do Jsbgrh {c`ht emrmgeo
Xo `g fg`hor o|czt mz ~fmsxrchltz gr mjtgrz but mz torac`mfz gi
auftc~fo `otxgrez. ,Bmudrcffmrd& hojctoord c` Muzfm`dor ^rozo`jo ?=#
Ga toruh c` to ~ceeo` g~ do `couxo zgjcmfo grdo xmmrgyor Mttmfc lot looit& do tojl`gfghco
looit bfckebmmr do ~gto`tco ga zgjcmfo o` jufturofo toho`ztoffc`ho` to g`tam`tofo`; Mftlguhl
dchctmf tojl`gfghcoz mro bmzod g` bc`mrs fghcj& tlos lmyo lmd tlo crg`cj oiiojt gi dczam`tfc`h
jufturmf bc`mrcoz& c`jfudc`h dcztc`jtcg`z botxoo` grchc`mf m`d jg~s& ~rgdujor m`d jg`zuaor&
auzcj m`d `g`auzcj ,zc`jo tlo dchctc{mtcg` gi auzcj ro`dorz ct o|jlm`hombfo m`dc`torjlm`hombfo xctl m`s gtlor dchctmf c`igramtcg`#& luam` boc`h m`d amjlc`o ,Muzfm`dor
Fcyo`ozz =>?#. Do `couxo grdo dco dggr do dchctmfo o` tojl`gfghczjlo aghofckelodo`
g`tztmmt& eo`aoret {cjl dggrifudctoctbc``o` do bc mcro jgdo. Gge ao`z o` amjlc`o egao`
tgt oo` yor{go`c`h& gi botor oo` ,hodooftofckeo# gzagzo. [gmfz lot bgyo`ztmm`do jctmmt
uctdruet& {goet do ao`z `mmr oo` c`torimjo aot {ck` tojl`gfghczjlo gahoyc`h ga dcrojto
tgohm`h to lobbo` tgt do `couxo xorofd ym` c`igramtco`otxoreo`. Do mutg`gao ao`z ,mjtour
dm` xof mutour# fcket ojltor yoof ym` {ck` mujtgrcfo yrcklocd c` to bgoto` torxckf lck
~mrmdg|mmf aoo`t {ck` yrcklocd to yormbzgfutoro` bc``o` dco yorzjlocdo`locd ym` `otxoreo`.
Do tlomtor~rmetcke ym` do{o ~gztagdor`o hodmjlto bro`ht oo` ,tgoegazt#boofd ym` oo` `couxao`zts~o aot {cjl aoo; do jsbgrh!cdo`tctoct.
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Do{o oygfutco ym` do amjlc`o lgudt g`dor m`doro yorbm`d aot do jromtcoyo
aghofckelodo` dco ym`uct do dchctmmf ho,ro#~rgdujoordo au{coe xordo` g`txceeofd yggr
xmt do hofucdztojl`gfghco botroit. Do{o dchctmfo tojl`gfghco ammeto lot caaorz aghofcke ga
do ao`z mfz au{cemfo m,u#jtgr to yorym`ho` dggr oo` c`toffcho to amjlc o; UQ foz
c`h`courz do ffojtrg`c}uo ot do fm jsbor`tc}uo ig`t dc`jozzm`tz m~~grtz tojl`gfghc}uoz otdyofg~~o`t dm`z doz dcrojtcg`z ca~ryuoz ot rmdcjmfoz `g` zoufoao`t u`o `guyoffo futlorco&
amcz doz amjlc`oz jga~gzor ,Zjlmoiior 2
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xmtor. Omjl zxmffgx royorbormtod tlrguhl tlo lmff fceo tlo ~gu`dc h gi m hcm`t zuri
,hojctoord c` @sam` 8
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~rcycfohoz `octlor tora gi tlgzo bc`mrcoz. M`dorzg` o|to`dz tlcz do~rcycfohc`h tg lor gx`
cdo`tcts mz mutlgr m`d ~origraor& bfurrc`h tlo bgu`dorcoz botxoo` lorzofi m`d tlo amjlc`oz
zlo oa~fgsz m`d botxoo` lor gx` mutlgrcts mz mutlgr m`d ~origraor ,^rozo`jo =24#. Ao`z
o` amjlc`o egao` lcor xofczxmmr utg~czjl tgt oo` `couxo cdo`tctoct& do `couxo zgjcmfo
grdo ym` do jsbgrh xmmrc` bc`mrctoct xgrdt g~holoyo`. Hofucd o` rucz yfgoco` c` ofemmr gyor.Do tojl`gfghczjlo tojl`coeo` borgyo` lot fcjlmma ym` {ck` mutg`gaco o` mutgrctoct gyor {ck`
ro~rozo`tmtco& o` fmto` fcttoeo`z mjltor `m do trm`zhrozzco& `m do xodorhobggrto c` lot `couxo
dczjurzcoyo fcjlmma. Do rucz dco do amjlc o ,ro#~rgdujoort zjlroouxt ojltor aot oo`
hoztgfo` ztoahofucd ga oo` yorfgro` mm`xo{chlocd ym` lot yczjormfo fcjlmma. Do jsbgrh
{c`ht& ammr o`eof oo` ho{ucyordo& g~~oryfmeecho o` bgyo`mf ruczfg{o eg~co. Oo` emrmgeofcod
mfz ro}ucoa yggr do yorfgro` mutlo`tcjctoct.
G~ ko fcki {ct oo` e`g~Do zmao`hoztofdo botoeo`czamtrc| em` yorygfho`z hoeg~~ofd xgrdo` mm` do tlomtorag`gfggh
Rucz ym` Lm`z Mmrzam`. Lot hmmt lcor ga oo` drmamturhczjlo fo{c`h dco o`ch `coux& erctczjl
~orz~ojtcoi em` g~foyoro` g~ lot rucz!bohrc~. Ce bo~ore ao tgt o`eofo ~mzzmhoz dco rofoym`t
bfckeo` mfz mm`yuffc`h bck do yggrhmm`do ~mrmdchamtczjlo uctoo`{ottc h. Do mm`holmmfdo
botoeo`czfck`o` fg~o` c` do toezt dggr ofemmr o` jroro` oo` `otxore ym` botoeo`czzo`&
xmmrbc``o` rucz mfz jg`jo~t o` aotmiggr oo` bck{g`doro rgf to yoryuffo` looit.
do fo`z {goat
Do toezt cz hozjlroyo` dggr oo` @odorfm`dz igtghrmmi o` cz lot txoodo doof c` oo` txoofuce
aot do tctof Zcttc`hz gyor lot foyo` o` xore ym` o`eofo txc`tchzto!oouxzo igtghrmio`& {gmfz
Tc`m Agdgttc& Odxmrd Xoztg` o` Jmrrs Xc`ghrm`d. Rucz cz ho`z~croord g~ lot foyo` ym`
fmmtztho`goad& Maorcemm z igtghrmmi. Oo` bofm`hrcke o|trm!toeztuoof hohoyo` yc`d ce c` do
c`focdc h tgt do ag`gfggh gyor do{o Xc`ghrm`d; Dco `ma g~ lot oc`do ym` {ck` foyo` ga do
{oz ac`uto` oo` igtg& ammr drueto or hoo` o`eofo aoor mi ,Rucz 4
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xorofd. UQ Do rcoa txoo eoor fgzkoz ga ack` ~gfz hodrmmcd& hgod hoygof cz dmt& yorfo`hztue
ym` oo` amjlc`o ,4#. Lck igjuzt c` {ck` ag`gfggh do jmaorm g~
lot foyo` rg`dga loa. Xmt lck ojltor `cot boxuzt aoret cz dmt do{gga ym` do jmaorm `cot
o`eof {ck` bfce yorrucat gi yoro`ht& ammr gge dmt or oo` {goao`dhofucd bck to ~mz egat& dmt
loa cotz {gu eu``o` yortoffo`.
8Dct dgot ao ztore do`eo` mm` Ztoffmrjz dordo ggr. Dct ggr {gu mffo zch`mfo` o` rmdcghgfyo` gbkojtcoi g~~ceeo`uct do jg`tc`uo c`igramtcoztrgao` c` do fujlt.
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oo` ammtzjlm~~ofckeo lorzo`z~gofc`h
Or cz oo` m`oedgtczjlo fck` c` do ag`gfggh xmmrc` do igtghrmmi agao`tg~`maoz ym` lot lcor
o` `u c` {ck` foyo` foyo`dch g~rgo~t. Lck yortoft lgo lck garc`hd xgrdt dggr do rucz ym` do
ztmd o` lot zgjcmfo foyo ; Do ztmd {goat g~ do mjltorhrg`d. Ce dux do dour g~o`& dgo oo`ztm~& lot {goao` cz yordxo`o`& ko ztmmt or acddo c`. [ofi {goa ,4
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7/23/2019 Het Paradigma van Ruis: Over de betekenis van geluid in Theater & Technologie
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Dct hozgicztcjoordo zsztooa looit xmt ym` lot m`drgdo ao z!rgbgtts~o. Lot hmmt lcor ojltor
o`eof ga oo` hodmjlto!o|~orcao`t gatro`t do orymrc`h ym` mixo{chlocd c` lot foyo`; Zgaz
botrm~ ce ao{ofi org~ dmt ce mf mizjlocd mm` lot `oao` bo`. Lot cz ammr ` trm~ko o|trm. Ce
goio` mf kmro` c` mixo{chlocd. @u egat ack` agao`t& `u egat lot. UQ Ce eooe xof& ce eooe
`cot& ack` `ouz orc` hoduxd& oo` ~mmr ~mzzo` toruh& acfkgo`o` amfo` g~ do e`g~ hodruet,?2#.
Do cdoo ym` do torac`mfo e`g~ yc`d ce dmmro`toho` gge ~rgdujtcoi yggr lot boz~rgeo`
~mrmdcham gatro t jsbgrh!tojl`gfghco. Lot c`drueeo` ym` dco e`g~ cz `gh do o`cho yrcklocd
dco do ao`z rozt c` oo` tojl`gfghczjl boloorzto xorofd& {g fcket lot. Lgoxof Lck em` dm`
aczzjlco` xof {g` e`g~ lobbo` {gmfz oo` rgbgt ammr lck looit `cot do xcf ga loa {ofi c`
to drueeo`; Ce bo` amjltofggz& ce botoeo` `cotz& ce bo` luf~ofggz. Dmt botoeo`t dmt ko yrck
bo`t& ko em` hmm` o` ztmm` xmmr ko xcft& lot ~cztggf g~ ko eg~ cz ko boyrckdc`h. Dmt xcf {ohho`;
fooi ko foyo`& xooz `cot bm`h& xooz `cot `mckyrch& ko lobt `cotz to xcffo`& roeo` `orho`z g~& ofe
agao`t em` do troeeor xgrdo` gyorholmmfd& xo {ohho` mffoo` `cot xm``oor ,?:#. Doyrcklocd ztmmt toho`gyor do hodmjlto dmt do e`g~ g`yorxmjlt ammr doic`ctcoi em` xgrdo` ,c`
lot ~mzzcoi-# c`hodruet& o` dct c`to`zcicoort do orymrc`h ym` lot foyo`. Do jsbgrh!cdo`tctoct cz&
{gmfz bgyo` mm`holmmfd& gge oo` ygra ym` mixo{chlocd; lot yczjormfo& ca~oriojto fcjlmma cz
toyo`z g~hofgzt c` {ck` dczjurzcoyo ro~rozo`tmtco o` ~rozo`tco. C` do toezt hmmt lot yoofoor
ga oo` orymrc`h ym` `cot!{ck`& dm` oo` dchctmfo ~gzt!agrtoa!cdo`tctoct. Do{o orymrc`h cz
hofckemmrdch aot lot rucz!~rc`jc~o ym` Ruzzgfg; lot lorc``ort g`z mm` lot hoaczto foyo`. Gi
{gmfz c` Rucz; Xo {ck` yordxmmfd. UQ Xo ztofdo` `cotz yggr. Xo lobbo` lot foyo` `cot
gamrad. Xo dmjlto` dmt ~ck` or `cot bck lggrdo ,43#.
do rucz g~ lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt
Do agtgrczjlo yorlmmffck dco do ag`gfggh `mmr oo` jfcam| ztuurt& cz dco ym` lot
m`txggrdm~~mrmmt. Do igtghrmmi yortoft lgo lck bofmmhd xgrdt aot asztorcou{o tofoigg`tkoz
xmmraoo lck `cotz m`dorz dm` rucz to lgro` erckht;
Oo` xooe fmtor& bck tluczegazt ztg`do` mjlt borcjlto` g~ lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt. [oz dmmrym`xmro` ifmrdo` ym` rucz& oo` ~mmr zojg`do ~or ifmrd. @cot lot ruczo` ym` bfmdoro`& `cot do rucz
ym` oo` zfojlto yorbc`dc`h& `cot ym` z ooux g~ do tofoyczco. Tgjl exma lot hofucd ao boeo`dyggr. Txoo dmho` cotz. Tgo` xoor rucz& ce fohdo `cot `oor& bfooi fucztoro`& hgod fucztoro`& g~do mjltorhrg`d aoo`do ce mdoalmfc`h to lgro`. Oo` {mjlt lckho`& bootko rgjlofch. Ce hggcdodo lggr` org~. Aotoo` xoor do tofoigg`& lot{ofido fcodko. @u `cot do lggr` org~ hohggcd& dog~`maoe`g~ ym` lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt c`hodruet. ,?>#
Do e`g~ ym` lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt xgrdt c`hodruet ga lot yrooado hofucd to rohcztroro` o` to
c`tor~rotoro . Do rucz rgo~t mfforfoc yrmho` g~ `mmr do brg` o` do botoeo cz yggr do{o
ztmfec`h. Lot cz oo` ygra ym` megozamtczjlo aodcrc`h& aot dct yorzjlcf dmt `cot do ggrz~rg`h
ym` oo` ztoa& ammr dco ym` do rucz yorzjlgfo` bfckit. Lot ruczhofucd c`to`zcicoort kuczt dggrdo{o boyrooado`dozjlc{gig`co do ~orjo~tco; Do ygfho`do eoor lcofd ce xoor ack` ag`d. Do
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m`dor fohdo `u `cot `oor. Ce gge `cot& do lggr` g~ tmiof hofohd& do fck` g~o`hofmto`. @m oo`
uur; `gh ztoodz rucz& ammr m`dorz& m`doro rucz. Xoor oo` uur fmtor; `gh ztoodz do fck` g~o`. Ko
xgrdt ko boxuzt ym` mffo gahoyc`hz!hofucdo`& mfz ko orbck bodo`et dmt oo` m`dor aoofucztort.
Ztmrto`do mutgz& rgo~o`do ao`zo`& douro` dco dcjlt xgrdo` hozfmho` ,?>#. Do igtghrmmi
c tor~rotoort `u do rucz mfz zmao`hoztofd& jlmgtczjl hofucd& xmmrc` lck boeo`dogahoyc`hzhofucdo` trmjlt to g`dorzjlocdo`. Lck xgrdt uctorzt hoygofch yggr do mffodmmhzo
ruczhofucdo`. Do rucz g~ lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt bo`mdort lot bozt oo` `mtuurfcke hofucd; Or cz
cotz xmmr lot horucz ao mm` dgot do`eo`& lot hmmt ztoodz fm`h{maor fcket xof. Gi do bfmdoro`
fm`h{maor ruc{o`. Mfz lot mf bfmdoro` {ck`. Oo` xgfebroue aczzjlco` ,?:# o` yordor; Dm`
do ruczo`do bfmdoro` xoor g~ lot m`txggrdm~~mrmmt UQ. Oo` xooe `cotz. Dm` ` eoor
ztcf{xckho`. Do ygfho`do dmh drco ruczo`do bfmdoro` ,?4#.
Oo` m`doro eoor fcket do rucz ojltor `cot aoor oo` boeo`d `mtuurfcke bckhofucd; Horucz
ym` bfmdoro`. Gge hoo` xgfebroue. Or {ct oo` rctao c & oo` rozg`m`tco. Xmjlt oyo`& lot
rm{o`dz`of ga{otto` ym` zjlmeofmmrz. Gge aghofcke. Gi oo` lm`hmr ygf mutgz aotztmrt~rgbfoao`. To xoc`ch rucato. Ztof dmt or `gu hoo` hoe mjltor {ct& ammr cotz tojl czjl&
oo` am`eoao`t orho`z c` ack` tgoztof gi c` do fck ,?:#. C` dmt hoymf cz lot oo` amjlc mmf
ho~rgdujoordo rucz& aghofcke dggr oo` doiojt c` lot m~~mrmmt. Do rucz {gu dm` c` lot fmmtzto
hoymf do jg`yorzmtcoz g`aghofcke ameo . Yggrfg~ch bfckyo` rodo` o` botoeo`cz g`boeo`d.
Oo` ~mrmdchamtczjlo fo{c`h {gu caaorz ca~fcjoro` dmt rucz `cot to ymtto` cz c` oo` zsztooa gi
c` oo` mffozgaymtto`do botoeo`cz. Do rucz bro`ht ojltor xof yggrtduro`do yorztgrc`h o`
yortxckiofc`h aot {cjl aoo.
Tgtdmt do bofhoe {ck` ztoa fmmt lgro`. Yggr lot oorzt xgrdt do igtghrmmi bck `mma
ho`goad; Hmrrs Xc`ghrm`d& yorxck{o`d `mmr do rofo ~orzgg`. Do igtghrmmi xc`dt {cjl g~
gyor do yggrbcko ztcftoz o` do mjltorfckeo hofucdo . Lck zgat {o g~; Ruczo`do bgao`&
yoreoorzfmxmmc& ztmrto`do mutgz& lot ga{otto` ym` zjlmeofmmr ,?4#. Ammr do asztorcou{o
boffor dgot loa txckiofo` aot oo` rotgrczjlo yrmmh; Dmt yc`dt u mjltorfckeo hofucdo` ,?4#.
^or zfgt ym` roeo`c h hmmt lot ga dmhofckezo ruczhofucdo`& dco {c`ygf {ck` c` lot foyo`. Do
g`boeo`do looit cotz ym` oo` Amhoro Loc` ,gi^cotko!do!dggd# xmmrym` oordor c` do toezt
z~rmeo xmz; Lot em` do fmmtzto dmh {ck`& mfz Amhoro Loc` do dourefc`e mf c` {ck` lm`do`
looit ,43#. Xm``oor lck `u {oht; Cz lot Hmrrs aot ` r gi txoo7 ,?4#& fcket lck to xcffo`
xoto` gi {ck c`yo`tmrcz xof efg~t. Dm` ygfht oo` yrooado g~drmjlt dco xmmrzjlck`fckeyorxckzt `mmr do igtghrmioorxgodo ym` do lcztgrczjlo Xc`ghrm`d.
Do ag`gfggh oc`dcht dm`; Xoh ztoa. Dm` rucz& loof trmmh. UQ zfuctorz& lot {ck
zfuctorz& oo`lg`dordyckio txc tchzto& oo`txoolg`dordyckitchzto& oo`{oztchzto. Yordgad.
Efceeo`do zfuctorz. Dmt ce dmt `cot oordor holggrd lob. Tuzzo`dggr lot trm`z~grtoro` ym`
icfa. [{rrrme!Tkce
