Heat Bal Calc
Transcript of Heat Bal Calc
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Note: text box appearance may vary with different Windows and Excel versions.
Str-name Nat Gas Burnr Air CmbstGas StackGas Leak Air
Streams 1 2 3 4 5
Flow 1,308 14,739 16,067 16,391 325Al, (c) 0 0 0 0 0
CH4, (g) 1,243 0 0 0 0
C2H6, (g) 39.2 0 0 0 0
CO2, (g) 0 0 1,321 1,321 0
H2O, (g) 0 0 2,603 2,603 0
N2, (g) 26.2 11,644 11,670 11,926 256.4
O2, (g) 0 3,095 472.7 540.9 68.2
Hot combustion gas(16.07 kg-mol, 1800oC)
Heated aluminum(800 kg/min, 550oC)
1Nat Gas(1.31 kg-mol, 25oC) Burner
Heat loss
Ingot Heating Fur2
7
3
Heat loss
Burner air(14.74 kg-mol, 25oC)
Material Balance for the Process (from work
Table 1. Stream amounts in g-mol/min
A Heat Balance Calculator for an Alu
Figure 1. Flowsheet with gas stream amounts i
Constructing a Heat Balance
Note: before starting, you may want to collect all 4 previous workbooks i
series as worksheets in one workbook. It'll help you keep track of some
necessary calculations.1. Look at workbook MatBalCalc to obtain the stream flowrates for the specified pro
heating 800 kg of Al/min. Label the flowsheet with these flows, using g-mol for gas st
See Table 1 and Fig. 1.
2. Use workbook HeatCalc to obtain the heat of combustion (LHV) for the specified n
gas. Table 1 has units of g-mol; see Table 2, with more useful units of kJ/kg-mol.
3. Obtain heat content equation parameters for each stream substance from FREED
instructed in datafiles worksheets. See Table 3; note units.
4. Write the overall heat balance for the burnerdevice. Streams entering at the refe
temperature of 25 C have zero heat content. Burn the NatGas at 25 C and heat the
combustion products from 25 C to 1800 C. Sum the heat effect factors for each stre
and the heat loss, and set the sum to zero. The only unknown is the heat loss. See T
The burner loss is 13 ,400 kJ/min (cell T44).
5. Repeat the overall heat balance arithmetic around the aluminum heating furnace.
all instreams to 25 C, and heat all outstreams to their outstream temperature. See T
The furnace heat loss is 186,550 kJ/min (cell T56).
HeatBalCalc is aThermart Softwareprogram. 2012
by Arthur E. Morris.
www.thermart.net
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References1. Wikipedia contributors, Enthalpy, Thermodynamic Databases for Pure Substances.
2. Fact-W Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, July 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_P
3. NIST Chemistry WebBook, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/
4. NIST-JANAF Tables, http://kinetics.nist.gov/janaf/
5. Thermart Software, http://www.thermart.net/
6. Overall, the process heat loss is 199,950 kJ/min, or 200 MJ/min.
7. Summarize the results. See Table 6.
8. Use Goal Seek to explore the effect of stack gas temperature (stream 4) on the ma
of aluminum (stream 6/7). Read instructions near Table 7.
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DHcomb, kJ/g-mol NG -805.04
Heat Content Data, kJ/mol = A
N2, 600 - 2200 C
A B C
-2077 31.40 1.317E-03
Cold Al Hot Al H2O(g), 600 - 2200 C
6 7 A B C
29,650 29,650 -2563 36.04 4.323E-03
29,650 29,650
0 0
0 0 Air, 5 - 550 C
0 0 A B C
0 0 -713 28.43 3.390E-03
0 0
0 0
1. Heat content of incoming natural gas (stream
2. Heat content of incoming combustion air (stre
3. Heat of combustion of natural gas (stream #1
4a. Heat burner gas CO2 to 1800 C (stream #3
4b. Heat combustion gas H2O to 1800 C (strea
4c. Heat combustion gas N2 to 1800 C (stream4d. Heat combustion gas O2 to 1800 C (stream
5. Heat loss from burner, kJ/min
1. Cool incoming burner gas to 25 C (stream #
2. Heat content of incoming aluminum (stream
3. Heat content of incoming leak air (stream #5)
4. Heat product aluminum to 550 C (stream #7)
Stack gas(16.39 kg-mol, 800oC)
Aluminum ingots(800 kg/min, 25oC)
Leak air(0.33 kg-mol, 25oC)
ace
4
6
5
ook MatBalCalc.xlsx)
inum Heating Process
Table 3. Heat Content Tables (
n kg-mol/min
in this
cess for
reams.
atural
s
ence
am,
able 4.
Cool
able 5.
Table 2. Heat of Combustion (LHV) of N
Heat Balance for the Process (data fro
Table 4. Heat Balance Around the Burner (kJ/mi
Table 5. Heat Balance Around the Furnace (kJ/
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5a. Heat stack gas CO2 to 800 C (stream #4)
5b. Heat stack gas H2O to 800 C (stream #4)
5c. Heat stack gas N2 to 800 C (stream #4)
5d. Heat stack gas O2 to 800 C (stream #4)
6. Heat loss from furnace, kJ/min
age.
Factor
Heat available from combustion of NatGas
Heat carried out by stack gas
Heat carried out by aluminum ingots
Heat loss
ss flow
Table 6. Heat Balance Summary, MJ/mi
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kJ/kg-mol -805,040 use this value
BT + CT2. T = C
O2, 600 - 2200 C
A B C
-2265 33.41 1.255E-03
CO2, 600 - 2200 C
A B C
-6014 52.48 2.257E-03
(note Al heat units)
Solid aluminum, kJ/kgA B C
-21.1 0.875 2.54E-04
1. Cool incoming burne
2. Heat content of inco
3. Heat content of inco
4. Heat product alumin
5a. Heat stack gas CO
#1) 0 5b. Heat stack gas H2
am #2) 0 5c. Heat stack gas N2 t
) -1,052,963 5d. Heat stack gas O2 t
126,507 6. Heat loss from furna
m #3) 198,638 7. Sum of heat effects f
#3) 685,150#3) 29,282
13,387
) -1,039,576
6) 0
0
429,484
rom FREED data)
G (from workbook HeatCalc)
m Tables 2 and 3)
in) to calculate heat loss
Table 7. Using Goal Se
Calculatethe Effec
The sum of values in
cells T39:T44 must
in) to calculate heat loss
Using Goal Seek to Exami
Gas Temperature on the1. Look at your Excel Help text t
2. Enter a value for the altered
3. Go to Data/What-If analysis/
4. Tell Goal Seek to change cell
5. Click OK twice.
6. Goal Seek will respond with t
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49,426
75,576
284,875
13,667
186,549
Value % of available
1053 100%
424 40%
429 41%
200 19%
cells T51:T56 must
equal zero.
in of Operation
. opy e va ues o ce s
8. Repeat the above process for
9. Chart the results.
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Goal Seek Operation. Enter/edit
r gas to 25 C (stream #3) -1,039,576 Sum of furnace heat effects 0
ing aluminum (stream #6) 0 Stack gas temperature 788 775
ing leak air (stream #5) 0 kg of Aluminum 814 828
m to 550 C (stream #7) 436,736
to 800 C (stream #4) 48,537
to 800 C (stream #4) 74,235
o 800 C (stream #4) 280,082
o 800 C (stream #4) 13,437
e, kJ/min 186,549
or furnace 0
k with the Furnace Heat Balance to
t of Stack Gas T on Al Flowrate
800
820
840
860
880
900
760770780790800
kgAl/m
in
stack as tem
Aluminum Flow vs. Stac
ne the Effect of Changing the Stack
Aluminum Heating Rate.o refresh your understanding of Goal Seek.
stack gas temperature in cell AI33.
Goal Seek, and enter a value of zero for AI32.
AI34.
he updated flowrate of aluminum in cell AI34.
Goal Seek dialog
box with correctly-
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an o a near y array o ce s.
other stack gas temperatures as desired.
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value in cell AI33 only.
750 725
856 884
720730740750
erature, C
Gas Temperature
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Using the FREED Thermodynamic Database--AlumPlease read
GRAPH:
Al, (c,l,g) Tmax(K): 5000
(Aluminum) Atomic mass of Al: 26.982
Table 1. Heat content of Aluminum in SI units.T (K) T, C HT-H25 (Cal/g-mol)
300.0 26.9 11
363.4 90.2 387 Figure 1. Heat content of Alumi426.7 153.6 774
490.1 216.9 1170
553.4 280.3 1577
616.8 343.7 1996
680.2 407.0 2428
743.5 470.4 2874
806.9 533.7 3336
870.2 597.1 3815933.6 660.5 4310
933.6 660.5 6890
983.5 710.4 7269
1016.8 743.7 7521
1100.0 826.9 8153
1150.0 876.9 8532
Table 3. Heat content for solid aluminum = A+ BT +A B C
cal/g-mol; T = C -136 5.64 1.64E-03
kJ/kg; T = C -21.1 8.75E-01 2.54E-04 We'll useBtu/lb-mol; T = F -424 5.58 9.09E-04
Btu/lb; T = F -15.7 2.07E-01 3.37E-05
Melting point of Al
H = 1.64E-03T2 + 5.64T - 136
H = 7.58
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
0 100 200 300 400 500 60
HT-H25
(Cal/g-mol)
T, C
Molar Heat Content of Al
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inum
Table 2. Heat content of Aluminum in AES unitsT, F HT-H77 (Btu/lb-mol)
80.3 20
um in SI units 194.4 696 Figure 2. Heat content of Aluminum in AES units308.4 1393
422.5 2106
536.5 2839
650.6 3593
764.6 4371
878.7 5174
992.7 6005
1106.8 68661220.8 7758
1220.8 12402
1310.7 13084
1370.6 13539
1520.3 14675
1610.3 15358
CT2
this data
T + 1878
700 800 900
s. T
H = 9.09E-04T2 + 5.58T - 424
H = 7.589x + 3138
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
HT-H77(Btu/lb-mol)
T, F
Molar Heat Content of Al vs. T
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Datafiles an
AirT (C) HT-H298 (J)
25 0
77.5 1528
130 3059182.5 4603
235 6166
287.5 7749
340 9353
392.5 10977
445 12621
497.5 14283
550 15963
H2O, (g)
(Hydrogen Oxide)
T (C) HT-H298 (J)
700 24894
850 31175
1000 37719
1150 44514
1300 51541
1450 587841600 66223
1750 73839
1900 81612
2200 97549
H = 4.323E-03T2 + 36.04x -
R = 9.9999E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E+04
4.00E+04
6.00E+04
8.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.20E+05
700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700
HT-H298
(J)
T (C)
Plot: HT-H298 vs. T for H2O
H = 0.00339T2 + 28.43T - 713
R = 1.00000
0.00E+00
2.00E+03
4.00E+03
6.00E+03
8.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.20E+04
1.40E+04
1.60E+04
1.80E+04
25 125 225 325 4
HT-H
298
(J)
T (C)
Plot: HT-H298 vs. T for N1.58O.42
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Charts from FREED
N2, (g)
(Nitrogen dimer)
T (C) HT-H298 (J)700 20607
850 25549
1000 30595
1150 35730
1300 40944
1450 46224
1600 51563
1750 56950
1900 62379
2200 73328
O2, (g)
(Oxygen dimer)
T (C) HT-H298 (J)
700 21770
850 27025
1000 32371
1150 37792
1300 432781450 48821
1600 54416
1750 60062
1900 65755
2200 77284
2563
1900 2100
0.00E+00
1.00E+04
2.00E+04
3.00E+04
4.00E+04
5.00E+04
6.00E+04
7.00E+048.00E+04
700 900 1100 13
HT-H
298
(J)
Plot: HT-H29
H =
0.00E+00
1.00E+04
2.00E+04
3.00E+04
4.00E+04
5.00E+04
6.00E+04
7.00E+04
8.00E+04
9.00E+04
700 900 1100 13
HT-H
298
(J)
Plot: HT-H2
25 525
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CO2, (g)
(Carbon Dioxide)
T (C) HT-H298 (J)
700 31,961
850 40,184
1000 48,624
1150 57,234
1300 65,982
1450 74,842
1600 83,795
1750 92,825
1900 101,921
2200 120,268
H = 1.317E-03T2 + 31.40T - 2077
R = 9.9999E-01
0 1500 1700 1900 2100
T (C)
vs. T for N2
1.255E-03T2 + 33.41T - 2265
R = 1.0000E+00
00 1500 1700 1900 2100
T (C)
8 vs. T for O2
H =
2.00E+04
4.00E+04
6.00E+04
8.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.20E+05
1.40E+05
700
HT-H
298
(J)
Plot:
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.257E-03T2 + 52.48T - 6014
R = 9.9999E-01
1200 1700 2200T (C)
T-H298 vs. T for CO2
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Using the NIST Chemistry WebBook On-Line Thermodynamic Datab
Please read Heat content, heat capacity, and entropy equations for reference state
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
Hgas -393.51 0.13 kJ/mol. Review Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 CODATA Review
Hgas -393.52 kJ/mol. Review Chase, 1998. Data last reviewed in September, 196
Sgas,1 bar 213.785 0.010 J/mol*K. Review Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 CODATA R
Sgas,1 bar 213.79 J/mol*K. Review Chase, 1998. Data last reviewed in September,
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H - H298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 - E/t + F - H
S = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 - E/(2*t2) + GCp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
Table 1. Equation parameters for the thermodynamic properties of CO2
Temp, (K) 298. - 1200. 1200. - 6000.
A 24.99735 58.16639
B 55.18696 2.720074
C -33.69137 -0.492289
D 7.948387 0.038844
E -0.136638 -6.447293
F -403.6075 -425.9186
G 228.2431 263.6125
H -393.5224 -393.5224
Reference Chase, 1998 Chase, 1998
Comment: Data last reviewed in September, 1965.
Figure 1. Heat content of CO2 in SI units
H = 58.91T - 10312
R = 0.9998
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000110,000
HT-H25,
J/g-m
ol
Molar Heat Content of CO2 above 800 C
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Table 3. Heat content for CO2 = A + BT
A BkJ/kg-mol; T = C -10312 58.91
kJ/m3; T = C -460 2.628
Btu/lb-mol; T = F -4887 14.08
Btu/ft3; T = F -13.6 0.0392
(Volumes are STP)
30,000
,
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800T, C
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ase--Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxideMolecular weight: 44.0095
O2 Table 2. Values for the thermodynamic properties of CO2 in SI units
Temp, Temp, Cp S -(G -H298.15)/TH - H298.15 H - H298.15
alue (K) (C) (J/mol*K) (J/mol*K) (J/mol*K) (kJ/mol) (J/mol)
298 37.12 213.8 213.8 -0.01
300 37.22 214 213.8 0.07
eview value 400 41.34 225.3 215.3 4.00
1965 500 44.61 234.9 218.3 8.31
600 47.32 243.3 221.8 12.91
700 49.57 250.8 225.4 17.75
800 51.44 257.5 229 22.81
900 53 263.6 232.5 28.03
1000 54.3 269.3 235.9 33.401100 826.85 55.4 274.5 239.2 38.89 38,890
1200 926.85 56.31 279.4 242.3 44.47 44,470
1300 1026.85 57.14 283.9 245.4 50.15 50,150
1400 1126.85 57.83 288.2 248.3 55.89 55,890
1500 1226.85 58.4 292.2 251.1 61.71 61,710
1600 1326.85 58.9 296 253.8 67.57 67,570
1700 1426.85 59.33 299.6 256.3 73.48 73,480
1800 1526.85 59.7 303 258.8 79.44 79,440
1900 1626.85 60.04 306.2 261.2 85.42 85,420
2000 1726.85 60.34 309.3 263.6 91.44 91,440
2100 1826.85 60.61 312.2 265.8 97.49 97,490
2200 1926.85 60.85 315.1 268 103.6 103,600
2300 61.07 317.8 270.1 109.7
2400 61.28 320.4 272.1 115.8
2500 61.47 322.9 274.1 121.9
2600 61.64 325.3 276 128.1
2700 61.8 327.6 277.9 134.2
2800 61.95 329.9 279.7 140.4
2900 62.1 332.1 281.5 146.6
3000 62.23 334.2 283.2 152.8
3100 62.35 336.2 284.9 159.1
3200 62.47 338.2 286.5 165.3
3300 62.59 340.1 288.1 171.63400 62.69 342 289.7 177.8
3500 62.8 343.8 291.2 184.1
3600 62.89 345.6 292.7 190.4
3700 62.99 347.3 294.1 196.7
3800 63.08 349 295.6 203
3900 63.17 350.6 297 209.3
4000 63.25 352.2 298.3 215.6
4100 63.34 353.8 299.6 222
4200 63.42 355.3 301 228.3
4300 63.5 356.8 302.2 234.6
Figure 2. Heat content of CO2 in AES units
H = 14.08T - 4887
R = 0.9998
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
HT-H77,
Btu
/lb
-mo
l
Molar Heat Content of CO2 above 1500 F
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4400 63.58 358.3 303.5 241
4500 63.66 359.7 304.7 247.4
4600 63.74 361.1 305.9 253.7
4700 63.82 362.5 307.1 260.1
4800 63.9 363.8 308.3 266.5
4900 63.98 365.1 309.4 272.9
5000 64.06 366.4 310.6 279.3
5100 64.14 367.7 311.7 285.75200 64.22 368.9 312.8 292.1
5300 64.31 370.2 313.8 298.5
5400 64.39 371.4 314.9 305
5500 64.48 372.5 315.9 311.4
5600 64.58 373.7 316.9 317.9
5700 64.67 374.9 318 324.3
5800 64.77 376 318.9 330.8
5900 64.87 377.1 319.9 337.3
6000 64.98 378.2 320.9 343.8
2000 15,000
20,000
1500 2000 2500 3000 35T, F
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CO2 in AES units
Temp, H - H77
(F) (Btu/lb-mol)
1520.3 16,731
1700.3 19,131
1880.3 21,575
2060.3 24,044
2240.3 26,548
2420.3 29,069
2600.3 31,612
2780.3 34,176
2960.3 36,749
3140.3 39,338
3320.3 41,941
3500.3 44,570
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00
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Please read
Using the NIST JANAF On-line Thermochemical
Water (H2O, gas)
WaterMolecular wt: 18.0153
Table 1. Thermodynamic properties of H2O(g)
Enthalpy Ref, Temperature = Tr= 298.15 K Standard State Pressu
JK-1
mol-1
kJmol-1
T/K C p
S -[G
-H
(T r)]/T H -H
(T r) fH
0 0 0 INFINITE -9.90 -238.921
100 33.299 152.388 218.534 -6.62 -240.083
200 33.349 175.485 191.896 -3.28 -240.9
Reference temperature ==> 298.15 33.59 188.834 188.834 0.00 -241.826
300 33.596 189.042 188.835 0.06 -241.844400 34.262 198.788 190.159 3.45 -242.846
500 35.226 206.534 192.685 6.93 -243.826
600 36.325 213.052 195.55 10.50 -244.758
700 37.495 218.739 198.465 14.19 -245.632
800 38.721 223.825 201.322 18.00 -246.443
900 39.987 228.459 204.084 21.94 -247.185
1000 41.268 232.738 206.738 26.00 -247.857
1100 42.536 236.731 209.285 30.19 -248.46
1200 43.768 240.485 211.73 34.51 -248.997
1300 44.945 244.035 214.08 38.94 -249.473
1400 46.054 247.407 216.341 43.49 -249.894
1500 47.09 250.62 218.52 48.15 -250.265
1600 48.05 253.69 220.623 52.91 -250.592
1700 48.935 256.63 222.655 57.76 -250.881
1800 49.749 259.451 224.621 62.69 -251.138
1900 50.496 262.161 226.526 67.71 -251.368
2000 51.18 264.769 228.374 72.79 -251.575
2100 51.823 267.282 230.167 77.94 -251.762
2200 52.408 269.706 231.909 83.15 -251.934
2300 52.947 272.048 233.604 88.42 -252.092
2400 53.444 274.312 235.253 93.74 -252.239
2500 53.904 276.503 236.86 99.11 -252.379
2600 54.329 278.625 238.425 104.52 -252.513
2700 54.723 280.683 239.952 109.97 -252.6432800 55.089 282.68 241.443 115.46 -252.771
2900 55.43 284.619 242.899 120.99 -252.897
3000 55.748 286.504 244.321 126.55 -253.024
3100 56.044 288.337 245.711 132.14 -253.152
3200 56.323 290.12 247.071 137.76 -253.282
3300 56.583 291.858 248.402 143.40 -253.416
3400 56.828 293.55 249.705 149.07 -253.553
3500 57.058 295.201 250.982 154.77 -253.696
3600 57.276 296.812 252.233 160.49 -253.844
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3700 57.48 298.384 253.459 166.22 -253.997
3800 57.675 299.919 254.661 171.98 -254.158
3900 57.859 301.42 255.841 177.76 -254.326
4000 58.033 302.887 256.999 183.55 -254.501
4100 58.199 304.322 258.136 189.36 -254.684
4200 58.357 305.726 259.252 195.19 -254.876
4300 58.507 307.101 260.349 201.03 -255.078
4400 58.65 308.448 261.427 206.89 -255.288
4500 58.787 309.767 262.486 212.76 -255.508
4600 58.918 311.061 263.528 218.65 -255.738
4700 59.044 312.329 264.553 224.55 -255.978
4800 59.164 313.574 265.562 230.46 -256.229
4900 59.275 314.795 266.554 236.38 -256.491
5000 59.39 315.993 267.531 242.31 -256.763
5100 59.509 317.171 268.493 248.26 -257.046
5200 59.628 318.327 269.44 254.22 -257.338
5300 59.746 319.464 270.373 260.18 -257.639
5400 59.864 320.582 271.293 266.16 -257.95
5500 59.982 321.682 272.199 272.16 -258.268
5600 60.1 322.764 273.092 278.16 -258.595
5700 60.218 323.828 273.973 284.18 -258.935800 60.335 324.877 274.841 290.20 -259.272
5900 60.453 325.909 275.698 296.24 -259.621
6000 60.571 326.926 276.544 302.30 -259.977
PREVIOUS: March 1961 (1 atm) CURRENT: March 197
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Database--Water Vapor
Figure 1. Heat content of H2O in SI units
re = p = 0.1 MPa
fG log Kf
-238.921 INFINITE
-236.584 123.579
-232.766 60.792
-228.582 40.047
-228.5 39.785-223.901 29.238
-219.051 22.884
-214.007 18.631
-208.812 15.582 Table 2. Heat content of water vapor in different units.
-203.496 13.287 Jmol-1 Btulb-mol
-1
-198.083 11.496 T, C H -H(T r) T, F H -H
(T r)
-192.59 10.06
-187.033 8.881 826.85 30,191 1520.3 12,988
-181.425 7.897 926.85 34,506 1700.3 14,845
-175.774 7.063 1026.85 38,942 1880.3 16,753
-170.089 6.346 1126.85 43,493 2060.3 18,711
-164.376 5.724 1226.85 48,151 2240.3 20,715
-158.639 5.179 1326.85 52,908 2420.3 22,762
-152.883 4.698 1426.85 57,758 2600.3 24,848
-147.111 4.269 1526.85 62,693 2780.3 26,971
-141.325 3.885 1626.85 67,706 2960.3 29,128
-135.528 3.54 1726.85 72,790 3140.3 31,315
-129.721 3.227 1826.85 77,941 3320.3 33,531
-123.905 2.942 1926.85 83,153 3500.3 35,773
-118.082 2.682
-112.252 2.443
-106.416 2.223
-100.575 2.021
-94.729 1.833-88.878 1.658
-83.023 1.495
-77.163 1.344
-71.298 1.201
-65.43 1.068
-59.558 0.943
-53.681 0.825
-47.801 0.713
-41.916 0.608
H = 4.462E-03T2 + 35.96T - 2655
R = 1.000E+00
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
HT-H25,
J/g-m
ol
T, C
Heat Content of H2
O above 800 C
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-36.027 0.509
-30.133 0.414
-24.236 0.325
-18.334 0.239
-12.427 0.158
-6.516 0.081
-0.6 0.007
5.32 -0.063
11.245 -0.131
17.175 -0.195
23.111 -0.257
29.052 -0.316
34.998 -0.373
40.949 -0.428
46.906 -0.48
52.869 -0.531
58.838 -0.58
64.811 -0.627
70.791 -0.672
76.777 -0.716
82.769 -0.75888.767 -0.799
94.77 -0.839
100.78 -0.877
9 (1 bar)
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Figure 2. Heat content of H2O in AES units
Table 3. Heat content equation parameters for water vapor = A + BT + CT2
A B C
kJ/kg-mol; T = C -2655 35.96 4.462E-03
kJ/m3; T = C -118 1.604 1.991E-04
Btu/lb-mol; T = F -1416 8.558 5.925E-04
Btu/ft3; T = F -3.944 0.02384 1.650E-06
(Volumes are STP)
2000
H = 5.925E-04T2 + 8.558T - 1416
R = 1.000E+00
12,000
16,000
20,000
24,000
28,000
32,000
36,000
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
HT-H77,
Btu
/lb
-mo
l
T, F
Heat Content of H2
O above 1500 F
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Using the Fact-Web On-line Thermochemical Database--Oxygen
Oxygen
Molecular wt: 31.9988
O2
Table 1A. Thermodynamic properties of O2 in SI unitsPlease read T(K) H(J) G(J) Vol(litre) S(J/K) Cp(J/K) A, (J)
------O2(g)------
298.15 0 -61,132 24.47 205.04 29.38 -63,611
300 54 -61,511 24.62 205.22 29.39 -64,006
400 3,025 -82,479 32.82 213.76 30.11 -85,805
500 6,084 -104,207 41.03 220.58 31.10 -108,364
600 9,244 -126,560 49.24 226.34 32.08 -131,549
700 12,497 -149,450 57.44 231.35 32.97 -155,270
800 15,834 -172,812 65.65 235.81 33.74 -179,464
900 19,240 -196,597 73.85 239.82 34.37 -204,080
1000 22,703 -220,764 82.06 243.47 34.86 -229,0791100 26,213 -245,280 90.26 246.81 35.32 -254,426
1200 29,764 -270,118 98.47 249.90 35.68 -280,095
1300 33,348 -295,253 106.68 252.77 35.99 -306,062
1400 36,961 -320,666 114.88 255.45 36.27 -332,306
1500 40,601 -346,337 123.09 257.96 36.53 -358,809
1600 44,267 -372,253 131.29 260.33 36.78 -385,556
1700 47,957 -398,398 139.50 262.56 37.03 -412,533
1800 51,672 -424,761 147.70 264.69 37.27 -439,728
1900 55,411 -451,332 155.91 266.71 37.51 -467,129
2000 59,174 -478,100 164.12 268.64 37.75 -494,729
2100 62,960 -505,056 172.32 270.48 37.98 -522,517
2200 66,770 -532,194 180.53 272.26 38.21 -550,486
Figure 1. Heat content of O2 and N2 in SI units
H = 36.88T- 4522
H = 35.15T - 4579
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
HT
-H25,
J/mo
l
T, C
Heat Content of O2 & N2 Above 800 C
O2 N2
Linear (O2) Linear (N2)
l
l
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and Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Molecular wt: 28.0134
N2
Table 1B. Thermodynamic propT (C) T(K) H(J) G(J) Vol(litre)
------N2(g)-
298.15 0 -57,096 24.47
300 54 -57,450 24.62
400 2,969 -77,057 32.82
500 5,909 -97,403 41.03
600 8,895 -118,345 49.24
Table 2. AES units 700 11,941 -139,792 57.44
T (F) H(Btu) H(Btu) 800 15,050 -161,679 65.65
O2 N2 900 18,224 -183,960 73.85
1000 21,460 -206,598 82.06826.85 1520.3 11277 10650 1100 24,755 -229,563 90.26
926.85 1700.3 12805 12090 1200 28,104 -252,830 98.47
1026.85 1880.3 14347 13551 1300 31,500 -276,379 106.68
1126.85 2060.3 15901 15030 1400 34,937 -300,190 114.88
1226.85 2240.3 17467 16524 1500 38,408 -324,249 123.09
1326.85 2420.3 19044 18028 1600 41,906 -348,540 131.29
1426.85 2600.3 20632 19544 1700 45,429 -373,051 139.50
1526.85 2780.3 22230 21071 1800 48,979 -397,770 147.70
1626.85 2960.3 23839 22607 1900 52,550 -422,686 155.91
1726.85 3140.3 25457 24152 2000 56,140 -447,791 164.12
1826.85 3320.3 27086 25704 2100 59,747 -473,077 172.32
1926.85 3500.3 28725 27262 2200 63,368 -498,534 180.53
Figure 2. Heat content of O2 and N2 in AES units
kJ/k
Btu/lb
B
Table 4.T(K)
300
400
500
600
700
800
H = 8.40T - 2239
H = 8.81T - 2228
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
24000
26000
28000
30000
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
H-H
.Btu
/lb
-mo
l
T, F
Heat Content of O2 & N2 Above 1500 F
N2 O2
Linear (N2) Linear (O2)
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Using th
rties of N2 in SI unitsS(J/K) Cp(J/K) A_(J) T (C) T(K) H(J)
-----
191.50 29.14 -59,575 2 98 .1 5 - 39 3, 52 2
191.68 29.13 -59,944 300 -393,453
200.07 29.23 -80,383 400 -389,522
206.62 29.61 -101,560 500 -385,219
212.07 30.15 -123,334 600 -380,615
216.76 30.77 -145,612 700 -375,765
220.91 31.42 -168,331 800 -370,711
224.65 32.06 -191,443 900 -365,488
228.06 32.66 -214,913 1 000 -3 60,12 3231.20 33.23 -238,709 826.85 1 100 -3 54,63 9
234.11 33.73 -262,808 926.85 1 200 -3 49,05 2
236.83 34.18 -287,188 1026.85 1 300 -3 43,37 8
239.38 34.55 -311,831 1126.85 1 400 -3 37,62 9
241.77 34.86 -336,721 1226.85 1 500 -3 31,81 7
244.03 35.09 -361,843 1326.85 1 600 -3 25,95 0
246.17 35.37 -387,185 1426.85 1 700 -3 20,03 7
248.19 35.61 -412,736 1526.85 1 800 -3 14,08 5
250.12 35.81 -438,484 1626.85 1 900 -3 08,09 9
251.97 35.99 -464,420 1726.85 2 000 -3 02,08 2
253.73 36.14 -490,537 1826.85
255.41 36.28 -516,826 1926.85
Table 3. Heat content for O2 and N2 = A + BT
N2 O2
A B A B
-mol; T = C -4579 35.15 -4522 36.88
J/m3; T = C -204 1.568 -202 1.645
-mol; T = F -2239 8.40 -2228 8.81
tu/ft3; T = F -6.236 0.02340 -6.205 0.02454
(Volumes are STP)
Figure 3. Heat content of air in SI units, and quadra
eat content for air from Tables 1A & 1BH(J) H(J) H(J) T(C)
O2 N2 Air
54 54 54 26.85
3,025 2,969 2,981 126.85
6,084 5,909 5,945 226.85
9,244 8,895 8,969 326.85
12,497 11,941 12,058 426.85
15,834 15,050 15,215 526.85
12,000
14,000
16,000
kg-mol
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
,
0 50 100
heatcontent,kJ/
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e Fact-Web On-line Thermochemical Database--Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
Molecular wt: 44.0096
CO2
Table 5. Thermodynamic properties of CO2 in SI unitsG(J) Vol(litre) S(J/K) Cp(J/K) A_(J) HT-H298 T (C)
-457,265 24.47 213.80 37.14 -459,744 0 25.0
-457,661 24.62 214.03 37.22 -460,155 69 26.9
-479,645 32.82 225.31 41.29 -482,970 4,001 126.9
-502,666 41.03 234.89 44.64 -506,824 8,303 226.9
-526,584 49.24 243.28 47.36 -531,572 12,907 326.9
-551,292 57.44 250.75 49.59 -557,112 17,758 426.9
-576,710 65.65 257.50 51.43 -583,362 22,811 526.9
-602,772 73.85 263.65 52.98 -610,255 28,034 626.9
-629,423 82.06 269.30 54.28 -637,738 33,399 726.9-656,618 90.26 274.53 55.39 -665,764 38,884 826.9
-684,317 98.47 279.39 56.33 -694,294 44,470 926.9
-712,485 106.68 283.93 57.13 -723,294 50,144 1026.9
-741,093 114.88 288.19 57.82 -752,733 55,893 1126.9
-770,114 123.09 292.20 58.41 -782,586 61,705 1226.9
-799,525 131.29 295.98 58.91 -812,828 67,572 1326.9
-829,304 139.50 299.57 59.34 -843,439 73,485 1426.9
-859,433 147.70 302.97 59.70 -874,399 79,438 1526.9
-889,893 155.91 306.21 60.01 -905,691 85,423 1626.9
-920,669 164.12 309.29 60.32 -937,298 91,440 1726.9
tic equation obtained using trendline.
------ CO2(g) ------
H = 2.945E-03T2 + 28.67T - 713
R = 1.000E+00
Heat Content of Air to 600 C
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150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
T, C
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y = -3.140E-06x3 + 1.390E-02x2 + 3.888E+01x - 1.072E+03
R = 1.000E+00
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
HT-
H25,
J/g-m
ol
T, C
Heat Content of CO2