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Moon: Io

by Jim Grant & Xiao Huang

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Who discovered it?

Discovered by

Galileo onJanuary 8, 1610.

By using Galileantelescope.

Galilean telescope invented in 1609

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Wheres its name from? Io was named after a Roman

mythological character. Io is the

daughter of Inachus, who was rapedby Jupiter. Jupiter, in an effort to hide

his crime from his wife, Juno,

transformed Io into a heifer.

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Where is Io?the innermost of the four moons of Jupiter

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How Does it look?Diameter: 3,642 kilometers

the fourth-largest moon in the Solar System

Mass 8.931910^22 kg ( 0.015 Earths)

EarthEarths Moon

Io

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Io

Jupiter (D=142,984 km) & Io (D= 3,642 km)

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What is it composed of?

Density: 3.528 g/cm3

Densest moon in solar system

Composed of silicate rock surrounding amolten iron or iron sulfide (Unlike mostsatellites in the outer Solar System, whichare mostly composed of water ice)

400 active volcanoesmost geologically active object in the

Solar System

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Io's crust consists primarilyof silicate rock with onlya thin veneer of sulfurand sulfur dioxide.

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What is its internal

composition?

Silicate crust

Molten silicate mantle

Iron Sulfide core

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What is its atmosphere

composition?

extremely thin atmosphere

consists

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

sulfur monoxide (SO)

sodium chloride (NaCl)

atomic sulfur and oxygen

90% Sulfur

&

10% other atoms

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Surface

Completely volcanic

Sulfur flows of from theinterior

White patches are

areas of frost made of

sulfur dioxide as

opposed to water.

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Active lavaTvashtar Catena, Io

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Active lavaTvashtar Catena

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Plate Tectonics

Ios surface ranges to100 m (330 feet).

Comparison: Highest tide on Earth: only 18m (60 ft)

100-150 Mountains

Average height 6 km

Average 157 km long

Nearly all its mountains are tectonic structures,and are not produced by volcanoes

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How it orbits?

orbits Jupiter at anaverage distance of

421,700 km

42.5 hour orbit

rotates synchronouslywith its orbital period

(keeps one face pointedtoward Jupiter).

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Does Io have a magnetic field?

It shows characteristicsof magnetic field

composed of lots of iron

warm inside

spins rapidly

Has induced magneticfield influenced byJovian magnetic fieldline

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Water? Fluids? Life? No water or fluids

Jupiter being hot enough early in the evolutionof the Solar System to drive off volatile materialslike water in the vicinity of Io.

No life Atmosphere constantly drifting away (not

much gravity)

little protection from the radiation of thecharged particles (inside the powerful

magnetosphere of Jupiter) the temperature above the surface is very cold

(no buffer between the surface and space itself)

the surface of Io is frequently molten,sometimes super-hot (frequent volcanic activity)

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Surface of Io

a lot ofvolcanoes

very hot

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Space Missions

Pioneer 10 & 11 during 1973-1974

Improve estimates on mass and size and

density

Voyager 1 & 2 in 1979

Allow detailed images

Collect data about

Ios surface

Pictures taken by Voyager 1

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Space Missions

Galileo Spacecraftduring 19952002

Passed by Io sixtimes, allowed for

more images

New Horizons

flew by the Jupiterssystem and Io on

February 28, 2007.

Picture taken by Galileo Spacecraft

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Space Missions Juno

launched on August 5, 2011

In the future: Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE)

scheduled for 2022

arrival at Jupiter in January 2030

JUICE will not flyby Io, but it will use itsvarious instruments, such as a narrow-angle

camera, to monitor Io's volcanic activity

and measure its surface composition.

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References Galileo Galilei, http://www.crystalinks.com/galileo.html

Io~Jupiter ring current image,

http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-

to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/

Io: Overview,

http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Io

Juno (spacecraft),

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)

Io (moon), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)

Surface of Io,

http://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/moons/io_surface_ov

erview.html

http://www.crystalinks.com/galileo.htmlhttp://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Iohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)http://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/moons/io_surface_overview.htmlhttp://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/moons/io_surface_overview.htmlhttp://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/moons/io_surface_overview.htmlhttp://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/moons/io_surface_overview.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Iohttp://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12/03/essential-guide-to-the-eu-chapter-5/iojupiter-ring-current-image-2/http://www.crystalinks.com/galileo.html

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Thank You