Embedded System Niet

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    EMBEDDED

    SYSTEMS

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    What is general purpose syste

    A computer system that can do many functidepending on

    Available hardware

    Installed programs

    Examples

    PCs

    Laptops

    Servers

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    What is an Embedded systems

    An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed toperform a dedicatedfunction

    A combination of hardware and software

    which together form a component of alarger machine.

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    Block Diagram of an EmbeddedSystem

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    PU

    General-

    PurposeMicro-

    processor

    RAM ROM

    I/O

    Port

    Timer

    Serial

    OM

    Port

    Data Bus

    Address Bus

    General-Purpose Microprocessor System

    CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example--Intels x!" #!,#,#$!,#%!,

    PentiumMany c!ips on mot!er "oa

    General-purposeMicroprocessor

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    RAM ROM

    I/O

    Port

    Timer

    Serial

    OM

    Port

    Microcontroller

    PU

    A smaller computer&

    On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports&&& Example"- Motorolas !'', Intels #(' an) PIC

    '!*

    A sin#le c!ip

    Microcontroller

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    Microprocessor

    CPU is stan)-alone, RAM, ROM,I/O, timer are separate

    )esi+ner can )eci)e on theamount of ROM, RAM an) I/Oports&

    expensie

    +eneral-purpose Ex& #(,#! mp, Motorola !##,

    Intels #!, etc&

    Microcontroller

    CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O an) timare all on a sin+le chip

    fix amount of on-chip ROM,RAM, I/O ports

    for applications in hich costpoer an) space are critical

    sin+le-purpose Ex& #(', PIC mc, MotorolaMC.s, Phillips, etc&

    Microprocessor $/s

    Microcontroller

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    "pplication areas

    Automotive electronics

    Aircraft electronics

    )rains

    )elecommunication

    *+

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    "utomobiles

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    Consumer electronics

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    #ndustry "utomation

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    Medical systems

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    "pplication areas

    *,

    Authentication Authentication

    Militar0 applications Militar0 applications

    Me)ical s0stems Me)ical s0stems

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    "pplication areas

    Consumer electronics

    *-

    1mart 2uil)in+s 1mart 2uil)in+s

    3a2rication e4uipment 3a2rication e4uipment

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    5raffic 6i+ht787 pla0er

    7i+ital cloc9Moin+ messa+e )ispla0

    Embedded Systems in Daily $ife

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    Characteristics of Embedded Systems

    .any ES must meet real-time constraints

    A real!time system must react to stimulifrom the controlled ob/ect %or theoperator& within the time interval"

    For real!time systems0 right answers arriving to

    early or too late are wrong" An embedded system can be a

    1ard real!time system

    Soft real!time system

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    %ard real&time system

    In hard real!time systems the tass should be run inon time 0 time is ma/or constraints"

    )he response time re$uirements of hard real!timesystems are in the order of milliseconds or less andcan result in a catastrophe if not met"

    Examples for hard real!time systems is .issile

    Industrial Automation

    Automobiles

    video transmission0 each picture frame and audio must btransferred at 2xed rate

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    Soft real&time system

    )he response time re$uirements of soft real!

    time systems are higher and not verystringent"

    )he soft real!time systems will slow down theresponse time if the load is very high

    Examples are

    343 Player .obile phones

    digital cameras

    playing robots

    Embedded System

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    Embedded System"rchitecture

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    Soft'are Design

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    De(elopments Tools

    Assembler

    C compiler

    Editors

    5)6S %5eal )ime 6perating System& Flash programmer

    Simulator

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    Assembler

    It is a software that converts assembly

    language program to Machine language

    program understandable by microprocessor

    MOV A,#!

    A"" $%&A!

    MOV A,#"'

    A"" $%&A!

    !(%

    )*+++++./+0++./+++./+1++./+(++./*2''10

    )*+++2++32134133.33/3*++((

    )*+++4+++*++2+4+/++../*4++.5

    Assembly

    program

    Mach

    od

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    cross ompiler

    It is a software that converts &igh level

    language program 6 written in 7 to Machine

    language program understandable by

    microprocessor

    program Machine ode

    main89

    : unsigned int d;

    int

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    )oreground*Background Systems

    Small systems of low complexity are generally

    designed as foreground9bacground or super!loops"

    An application consists of an in2nite loop that modules %that is0 functions& to perform the des

    operations %bacground&" Interrupt Service 5outines %IS5s& handle

    asynchronous events %foreground&" Foregroundalso called interrupt level while bacground iscalled tas level"

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    )oreground*Background Systems

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    T k St t

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    Task States

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    )l h

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    )lash programmer

    Flash programmer used totransfer the binary imagefrom personal computer toembedded systems"

    Separate software areused for this purpose

    Examples are Flash magic

    Philips ash utility

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