EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E-242VOL. 1

THE TOWNHALL OF SALVADOR

SPECIAL PROJECTS COORDINATION - CPE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) AND ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT REPORT (RIMA) FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN

INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM - THE SALVADOR METRO.

ENtIRONMENTAL IRMPAT ASSESSMENTEXECUTIVIR SUMMARY

RP-216198 .UNE/98

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METRO SYSTEMGENERAL LOCALIZATION

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

NAME MAJOR

Jose Roberto Facchinette Gevtechnical Engineer (Director)

Maria Thafs Menezes Freire Sanitary Engineer

Jose Mauricio Fiuza Environmental Engineer

Maria Gravina Ogata Lawyer

Jose Mario G. Miranda Civil Engineer/Water Resources

Eduardo Cesana Chemist Engineer

Emanuel Barros Geologist

Carleci Souza da Silva Biologist

DBria Maria C. Nascimento Geographer

Maria da Conceicao Cunha Geographer

George Coreia dos Santos Civil Engineer/Transport

Eduardo Neira Alva Urbanist Architect

Angela Borges Sociologist

Cesar Vaz Junior Economist

Edgard Porto Urbanist

Paulo Gonzalez Economist

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I, PRFS V NAVIiO N

2. (JILJ'CTI\ I'S

3. LEG\L IALSELINIK.

4. iET I-I)()I rGN

1. l-1 ENTERPRISE

6. ENA IRON\1iENIA OA1-1SS \ENIFll AREA

- S' N 11 ESIS (OF IIPA\(I S

S. X}IITIIGVJI INC1 NSILt REs

9. 1,VIRO [VIN'\ AL NIONI I .RING

10. C(OS] 's

II. ('CON(I'SIONSA \F) RE( OX1XIEND A\IONS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. PRESE.,^ .......... T-Ah&-. BASELINE

I IG; NA I presents in this Inadditionto responding to abasic requirementdocument an overview of the Environmental from the Environmental Impact AssessmentImpact Assessment on the Integrated (ETA) and its respective Environmental ImpactTransportation System of Salvador - the Report (RIMA), referred to previously, theseSalvador Metro. on its first phase of studies are based upon guidelines and specificimplementation, the Lapa-Piraja line. legislative standards of which the several

segments are part.The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)aims to respond to the specific Terms of Federal. state and municipal legislativeReference developed and approved by the CRA standards for protection of river springs, native- Environmental Resource Center of the State woods. appropriation of private properties dueofBahia and CEPRAM - the State Environment to social interest have been surveyed.Council, in accordance also with the Federal Lawwhich governs such matters, in a similar way.

Water, air and noise pollution are topicsgoverned by specific legislative standards both

2. OBJECTIVES at federal and state levels based on internationalguidelines which are usually internationally

The Environmental Impact Assessment was adopted, with the possibility of beingcarried out with the objective of conducting a implemented for the improvement of thewide range assessment of the possible environment as a whole, thus increasing theenvironmental impacts resulted from the quality of life of the population.construction and operation of the IntegratedTransportation System of Salvador - the Salvador Unfortunately, at municipal level, there is noMetro. There are four objectives to it: legal baseline that may be compared to the

federal and state instances, except for the*to describe the system, detailing the major infra- prsnleiaivstdrsfoniepluinstructure and activities involved in its present legislative standards for noise pollution,construction and operation which have within city limits.significant potential environmentalimplications;

'to predict, describe and evaluate the potential 4. METHOD O LOGYpositive and negative environmental impactsarising from the construction and operation Based on the fact that the EIA/RIMA setsof the project; out the basis for the administrative decision

to identify practical and cost effective measures making process which governs thewhich could be employed during the implementation ofanyplan, the several phasesimplementation and operation stages of the which constitute the referred study are:project in order to remove or mitigate the Designing the work team, designing theadverse impacts: methodology to be applied to respond to the

to identift and define plans and programs for EIA/RIMA, definition ofthe Plan, definition ofmonitoring and auditing requirements which areas of influence, enironmental assessment ofcould ensure that impacts are kept within the area to be affected by the enterprise, studyacceptable limits during the implementation of technological and site alternatives,and operation of the project. identification and prediction of enviromnental

impacts, definition ofmitigating, preventive and with two stations at ground level. The routecompensating measures, definition of a Follow- will then run across elevated concrete sectionsup and Monitoring Plan. for another 980 m, including the R6tula do

Abacaxi station.

5. THE B 'NTr F!lRPRFrom R6tula do Abacaxi to Piraja station the

route will run on different levels of terrainl1w S~lle idoi acl\ltI '. 'through cuts and dirt fill or elevated sections

with three viaducts one of which will cross theThe rail system planned for the city of Salvador BR 324 freeway. This section will include twowill operate in the final network along two route c raed a tion Pir inal. thecorridors: the north-south line from Cajazeiras clevated stations and the Pirajt temiinal. The

to Lapa, and the east-west from Mussurunga benPraj whereasta smaller c ityto Calcada including the reorganization of thepresent bus system which will feed the stations equipment for train parking and the central

- operatin commnand will both be in R6tula doof the Metro network. The east-west line will Abatcax gtnand b edbe built in three stages: The first one will be ' 4

Rodoviaria - Calcada, the second Imbuf - The 11.73 km will be distributed as follows:Rodovidria and the last one Mussurunga - 2.2 km through tunnel: 3.7 km through elevated

Imbui. routes: 5.8 km at ground level, totaling eight

stations of which three will be for integrationT he north-south line will be the first one to be

and five stop points; two underground stations,builtand ill ransort lw-inome assegers three elevated ones and three at ground level.

from the central-northern region of Salvadorto the Lapa terminal station to be built in theheart of the downtown area next to the alreadyexisting bus terminal. This line will be built in The Metro system is the suitable technologicalthree stages: the initial 11.73 km operational alternative for Salvador, responding to the

segment of the Metro system from Lapa to demand for transportation within the scope ofPirajdto be extended to Pau daLima (2.84 kin) the project. resulting in lower emission ofin a second stage and the last one from

Cajazeiras to Pau da Lima. ~pollutants per user-vehiche-kflometer.Cajazeiras to Pau da Lima.

Regarding the location alternatives the initialThe proposed alignment for the Iitial Operatmg plans which called for a ground level rail systemSystem will have a minimum radius of 300 in., were changed due to the need for preservationa maximum gradient of 4%, platform length of of an ecological sensitive area recently145 m. and it will use a standard gauge track recuperated ab tensta vernmentr(Dique

and an verhea curret coflction.recuperated by the State GSovemnment (Diquede Toror6), in addition to other systemoperational circumstances which made theThe line willl start at the Lapa terminal and It deiso tobida22k.udrrudsse

will run through an 80 rn2 cross-section of an pevail.underground tunnel approximattely 35 m below prev

ground level, with an approximate 300 i It will also minize environmental impacts in asegment through residual soil. The Stations of populated area from Lapa to Campo da PolvoraLapa and Campo da P6lvora will both be Station.underground ones, excavated through rock. Atthe end of the tunnel the route goes along theroad level to the end of the Bonoco corridor,

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

the city valleys to the city exit - the BR 324.6. ENVIRONMENTAL Some commercial and industrial business sitesASSESSMENT OF THE may be found in the low areas, whereas aAREA process of dense housing occupation can be

found in part of the more sloped areas.

Social AspectsPhysical Aspects

The city of Salvador, capital of the state of As for the existing water resources affected byBahia, has a population of 2.5 million the Metro system, it is worth mentioning thatinhabitants, implying in a total of four million the Camaragipe river, where the Mata Escurajoumeys a day, of which 50% are taken by dam is located, the Bonoco brook and themeans of a public transportation system. Lucaia river are located, are highly polluted.

Those rivers are located in densely populatedThe transportation system proposed for areas and due to urban pressures they lackSalvador is multi-modal and it includes suburb protection banks as required by existingtrains, buses, ferry boats and the new Metro legislative standards. In addition, not only aresystem to be built along the cityrs main north- they polluted, but they have also had their flowsouth corridor. lines changed due to channeling works

(Camaragipe, Lucaia and Bonoc6).The three initial means of transportationmentioned above connect suburb areas to The occupation results in deterioration of thecommercial ones being buses responsible for water resources and in recurring floods as a98% ofthe two miHionjourneys taken daily by consequence of waste accumulation and theapproximately 400 bus lines. Some of those paved roads that surround the rivers.lines operate through independent routes, i.e.,without a central feeder corridor. The number Air Quality. As for air quality, Salvador isof buses circulating on public corridors is high located near the sea and is under the action of(up to 370 buses/hour) and that results in serious local air circulation, of sea-earth breeze type,traffic jams and long journey periods for the influenced by the South Atlantic subtropicalbuses and other smaller vehicles. anti-cyclone, which reaches the region with

trade winds. The city climate is typical of theThe area contemplated by the enterprise (see warm seacoast, with high temperatures in themap) covers a large and heterogeneous stretch surnmer and a well-defined winter period withof Salvador, from its old downtown area to the rain and pleasant temperatures.urban sites recently occupied.

Air circulation in the region is in the quadrantOne of its extreme points, Lapa station, is E-SE most of the time. The rainy season issituated in the old downtown area, where there well defined from April through July.is an intense and diversified form of residentialand economic occupation. At night there is an inversion in air circulation,

giving origin to the earth breeze which isFrom this point the route runs across some of important for the region, since it lowers the high

6

temperatures reached during the day. At night various services and industries located in thethere may also be periods of doldrums with nearby regions, are characterized by emissionsatmospheric stagnation. of particulate material, combustion products

and hydrocarbons.In the urban area, the most sensitive segmentsto pollution are the regions located in the valleys The main source of atmospheric emissions isand along the rivers. The coincidence of the automobile, although diesel trucks and busesdoldrums in the morning or early evening with also contribute significantly to the particulatea high number of vehicle circulation, causes an material emissions.increase in pollution rates, when there may be acooling of the superficial limit layer, under The atmospheric emissions from fixed sourcescertain climatic conditions. in the vicinity of the Metro route are

_________ M ain contributions to the subway area of inenStation Factors Characteristics Pollutants

411

tLapa Station Bus terml inal vehicle emissions* DD Piedade, Lapa 13

Sho"ppings centers,com merce

Campo da Poltora S ste n a vehicle em issions * _ _ _

C ourts of Law, comm erce

Bonoco it Gas station, ceom aeeu, gasages toad & unloading Oof fuel

Bonoco I Eleteicity company, commerce velsiule em issions

Rotula do Abaeaxi Industries, Furniture Industry, vehicle em issions * o D * *Concretclab,DNOCS i.d-tsrial m issio.s

Retiro Viaqao Bonfim,Concreto vehicle emissions * 5 U OEngemri,,DepeaMadereira, industrial emissionsTecnusolo

Mata Escura BR-354, Gas station vehicle emissions

Piraja Bus terminal station, ElJail House

Table of reference:

* significant ema issionso non-significant emissions

The urban emissions in the area under influence characteristic of the urban-industrial segment,of the enterprise were classified in two involving commercial activities and small andcategories: movable sources and fixed sources. average size industrial operations. ThoseThe movable sources, represented by vehicles, activities involve ernissions resulted from thecomprehend the vast majority of urban burning of combustible oil in boilers, storageemissions that contain volatile organic and transference of inflammable material in gascompounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide stations, operations of wood processing, use ofand particulate material. The fixed sources, thinners by mechanics, painting workshops,represented by vehicle parking lots, gas stations, small metallurgical activities and activities

7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

related to construction. level.

There is no historical register of air quality It must be pointed out that only recently, in the90s, effective, although rather flexible legislativestandards in their implementation period, have

operation are located in the Petrochemical been introduced for noise control in motorcomplex and in the areas near some industries. vehicles. The low vegetation density in the cityThere is no systematic or oriented evaluation also contributes negatively to the existing ratesof vehicle pollution. of pollution.

In the Environmental Impact Assessmnent someIn order to obtain a reference of air quality in specific determinations were conducted at peakthe region where the Metro system will be built time in locations designated to be the futuretwo representatives sites were selected: the Metro stations, but on a cloudy and quiet day -terminal station of Piraja and the crossover in therefore favorable to an attenuation of noises.R6tula do Abacaxi. The Sound Pressure Integrator Soundmeter was

used in the measuring procedures according to

The choice took into consideration the flow state laws and the technical policy in force.

of vehicles, the wind direction and the Several statistical levels ofnoise were obtained.circulation of passengers. In R6tula do The Leq levels are presented in the table below.Abacaxi and in the Piraja Terminal, HiVol type The use of the Leq is particularly useful in themonitors of total particulate material were evaluation of disturbance, situations of noiseinstalled. In each station, five 24 hour pollution and subjective reactions before noise.

It has been observed that some values aredeterminations took place. That evaluation already very close to the 85 dB(A) defined byconsists of a preliminary exploratory study Brazilian Thechinical Standards (ABNTJNBRto determine the nature and the magnitude of 13,068) which is the condition of ponderedpollutants. It was conducted during rainy sound pressure for moving wagons in theperiods and hence the low rates, due to stations.

atmosphere instability andstrg . On the other hand the Municipal Law (5,354/atopeeisaiit-n togwns 98) requires that the maximum level from any

Deeper studies must take into consideration soure bbeo tde a level wich assource be below 70dB(A), a level wich waslonger periods of time and consider the surpassed several times during monitoring.

evaluation of other pollutants such as: carbon PREDICTED LEW' OF CKAPROUDfl NOlfISE POLLUTIONlmonoxide, hydrocarbons and photochemical IVLlII0Ipollutants, mainly at the Lapa station, wherethere are indicators of considerable pollution.

Lapa 74,2The following points presented in the table C- da P6lvora 75,6below were considered as the most sensitive -EBonoco I 75,8regarding air pollution. Bonoc 11 77

Noise. Salvador suffers seriously from noise R. do Abaca)d 77,2pollution, being that a component of the local Rebro 76,7culture. Small and larger vehicles, which Mata Escura 69,5circulate intensely in the city center and in the : raja 67,7corridor chosen for the Metro route inparticular, also contribute to the increasing noise ABNT. 13.068 85 Dba Lei Municipal 5354198-70 dBA

8

BIOTIC ASPECTS.

The natural vegetation along the intended route is nearly dying out due to urban expansion. There aresome remaining areas such as the woods of the botanical gardens of Horto Florestal, of Cabula andMata Escura Dam.

In the most central area, near the Youth Support Service building, where the rail system is elevated,some native species of Spondias lute, Byrsonimea sericea, Cecropia spp and Tipirira guianensis wereidentified.

There is an implanted vegetation (gardening) close to the Bonoc6 II Station that spreads along that busroute (1.5 kmn) on a medium strip of the road, turning the surroundings into quite a harmonious urbanlandscape. Species such as Clitorea racemosa, Cassia siamica and Agave sisalana can be identified inthis site.

KEY SENSITIVE RECEIVERS

The assessment has identified key sensitive areas that are particularly significant. These are:

The Mata Escura Dam. The justification to include the Mata Escura dam as a sensitive receiver lies onhistorical grounds related to basic and environmental sanitation.

The dam's operation started in 1903 and was shut in 1987 due to an artificial eutrophication processthat took place in this ecosystem. This once important source of water supply to Salvador, consideredby the state government as a Source Protected Area, is now silted up thus clashing with its past ecologicaland sanitation value.

MATA ESCURA (two decades ago) MATA ESCURA (nowadays - 1998)

Campo da Polvora Square.

It is on this square that one of the oldest and most impressive buildings of Salvador is located - theCourts of Law. That on itself defines the importance of the site. The square also presents a marginalarchitecture style that is compatible with that of the Courts of Law building.

Near the square is the Fonte Nova Stadium, one of the most important leisure facilities in town, whichdemands a high flow of transportation usage on certain days and times.

9

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The construction of a stop station is being planmed for this area in order to serve the Metro rail systent

Lapa Connecting Station

It is one of largest concentrations of people in town due to intense commercial, civic and religiousactivities located in the area.

In this site several battles for the state independence took place. This station will allow access to JoanaAngelica Avenue, one of the most traditional and old roads in town, which in the past was a streetcarroute. It became modernized and it grew old fashioned. The rails that once gave support to it are nowcovered by several layers of asphalt.

Environmental conditions of Lapa and Campo da Polvora stations

OINTS OF PARTICULAR SENSITIVITY:

1. ADMINISTRATION SCHOOL (UFBa)2 OUR LADY OF PIEDADE CONVENT3. PORTUGUESE READING CABINET4 AGUIA SCHOOL5 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY INSTITUTE (IGHB)6. LAPA SHOPPING CENTER7. PIEDADE SHOPPING CENTER8. OUR LADY OF LAPA CONVENT9. BAHIA STATE SCHOOL0. RUI BARBOSA COURTS OF LAW1. BAIXA DOS SAPATEIROS SHOPPING CENTER2. OUR LADY OF DESTERRO CONVENT3. SANTANA CHURCH

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It is also a bus terminal, close to two shopping integrating a mass transportation system andcenters and small neighboring streets; with generating a structure which can establish a newintense informal commerce, posing serious urban landscape, characterized today by a lackurban problems that may be increased with the of coherence among its several components.construction of the Lapa Integration Stationwhich will also serve the Metro system (see The negative impacts relate to the constructiondrawing). and operational phases.

7. SYNTHESIS OF The nature of this project, involves intenseIMPACTS construction work for a period of approximnately

three years in the area under assessment,

The construction of the Metro system will have generating a significant impact and concern witha significant impact on the urban setting of environmental problems which will arise.Salvador.

The long term impacts may be greatly mniiized

The environmental analysis of an urban area during the planning stages of the project bycomprises necessarily the urban space and its means of pro-active measures such as

reconmendations/suggestions, implementationurelatinhi wnithnmthea po rpulationvnehs cas ine of norms which address not only land use buturban environmental rsties a w also specific regulations restricted to urban

relaionhipwit th mero, athr tanjst ithtraffic. These aim to improve the benefits ofits possible users should be considered. The the new structure which may be achievedMetro imnpact over the ordinary citizen will take naturally by means of a process of users'place in two dimensions: a micro level one education (construction and operational phasespecialy in stations with high concentration of the system).of people with different feelings of comfort orconflict and a sensorial impact in a macro The negative impacts related to the constructiondiMension (visual and accoustics) generated by ofMetro systems refer to noise, vibrtion, waterthe metro material structure. pollution, air polution, social and scenic fahctors.

The possibility of imnproving the access of massSOILFAUEtransportation to a wider range of the sO Lte RESpopulation, thus avoiding the use of individualvehicles, wil resul in the improvement of users'well being, reducing traffic jams in areas whichare perceived today as being problematic,reducing air and noise pollution as well as thenumber of accidents.

The substitution of a non-renewable source ofenergy (petroleum) by hydroelectric energymust also be considered as a positive irnpactresulted from the construction of the Metrosystem.L

In additioni, the Metro system may offer a uniqueopportunity for improving urban traffic,

- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Landscape and Vsual Impacts. These impacts are more significant after conclusion of the project and

may be ignored during the construction period due to being transitory.

The Metro system of Salvador will undoubtedly imply changes in the urban landscape of the city. Thisfact should result in new visual and aesthetic patterns.

Hence the importance ofthe structure and facility design, especially applied to the stations. The formaleffects of the Metro system also reach the topography and morphology ofthe urban terrain by means oftreatment of slopes, brooks, canals and vegetation.It is therefore important that the Metro structures, mainly in its elevated segments, do not destroy theremaining harmony of what was once the representative landscape of the urban culture of Salvador.Some suggestions related to the type section and the elevated ground level, and underground structuresare presented along this report.On the other hand since the corridors will mostly ge at grade will ocuupy areas the visual intrusionimpacts will be kept at a minimum level, even in its elevated segments.

Generic Environmental Disturbance The setting of construction supporting areas during the buildingphase will imply several impacts to some of the segments of this study. Even though these facilities areof short duration, the amount of people, equipment, machinery, etc. in such a limited space tend todisturb the environment with noise, dust, mud, solid and liquid waste, in addition to social and economicchanges.

Locomotion Disturbance.Urban interference in traffic will occur in the following ways during

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construction phase: The relocated population not always finds intheir future neighborhood (Baixa de Santo

restrictions to the free flow of pedestrians for Ant6nio) the conditions they previously hadsecurity reasons due to barriers separating which may cause dissatisfaction and integrationthe Metro lines from the rest of the urban issues regarding the new place of residence,traffic; even when all the aspects related to the

• ieviabl clsin ofroa inersctins ndmaintaining of community habits(soc ialshinevitablehclscinofrouadtionterasecions tandi relationships, work, etc.). The high number ofshifs in vehier ciclto,cuigtafcdissatisfaction and social problems is common

jams on other when thse isus r bigd ressedU.+a

Six work stages were identified as being the cause we hs susaebigadesdof most significant forms of disturbance, such as Relocation is not foreseen for commercialthe segmnent near Rodolfo Pimentel Street up to business. Those will be compensated for lossesthe area close to the Northern Access. relative to their premises and interruption of

Rupture of residents/comimerce relationships activities. This siinpile substitution of economicand difficulty, of insertion for thte relocatedul activity by monetary compensation not alwaysindemnifi'ed population. The buying off or guarantees the satisfatction of the beneficiary.relocation of residential or commercial premisesin areas located along the corridor (513 units, The relocation is being addressed in a morecomprising approximately 90% of residential) specific study hence it will not be detailed inwill cause imnpacts to the population implying a this report.rupture of personal friendships and commercialrelationships, generating community disruption.

1 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The arising of new attractive real estate and in this respect, due to presenting this sort of

commerce The increase in value of the areas problem nowadays.surrounding the Metro system is likely togenerate residential and commercial poles, beingthe latter, particularly the ones located in theneighboring areas, probably incompatible with -the standards of modernity and spaceimprovement which the system will try toachieve.

BIOTIC FEATURES

Drainage The changes i pre-existing drainagepatterns may worsen the lack of balance of

-, -> - - : -= X water streams regarding their flow capacity thusgenerating floods. The following points must

Biologic Stress- The destruction of native and be carefully considered in the designing of a, . ., ~~~~Metro system project (drainage):

exotic vegetation may have a significantimportance in two sites along the corridor, The canal behind the Traffic Department ofBonoc6 and the Mata Escura damn, where native Salvador (DETRAN - Saramandaia) - Thereand even exotic vegetation already incorporated are pipeline bottlenecks in the canal whichto the local landscape was identified in some cause floodmng of the adjacent areas;small areas.

Av. Barros Reis (Pau Miudo) - Bridges andpipeline bottlenecks on the Camaragipe rivercanal on an extremely silted up place;

- Low Santo Ant6nio (Sao Goncalo) -FloodingPHYSICAL FEATURES of low areas due to silting up and deficient

drainage system;Water and Water Resources Pollution. Theconstruction of such a system implies an * Low Camaragipe (Sao Caetano) - Floodingincreasing amount of suspended solid residues of the low areas due to insufficient drainingwhich may interfere in the color of the water or sections from the culverts under the BR-324the silting up of the stream beds. That may freeway. Those culverts are clogged and needresult in possible floods during the rainy season, maintenance.being Mata Escura, a significant area of concern

14

Water Table. When submitted just to the marginal for a large proportion of time tonatural process of the hydrological cycle, the significant during extended periods of increasedfreatic water tables oscillate on a seasonal basis, activities. There will also be short periods ofincreasing during the rainy seasons, or one to two hours duration when the presenceimmediately after thern, and decreasing in the of high level impact and vibrator noise duringdry periods to their original level. In an area of the pouring of in-situ concrete will create severehigh occupation density, such as some strips of noise impacts for receivers near the constructionBonoc8 Ave., the freatic water tables have activity, which may reach a 20 m range fromgradually been decreasing due to inhibiting of the origin of noise.infiltration, occupation of the recharging zonesor even pumping. There may be the following main sources of

noise during the operation phase: operational

With the construction of the Metro system the train noise, reverberation from road traffic noisedrawdown tends to be more intense in the tunnel undermeath the stations and nearby buidings,sections below water level, with the possibility noise from the ventilation system, depot noiseof affecting the stability of some buildings.Quick drawdowns are extremely dangerous A diagnostic assessment revealed that in caseespecially if one considers the weather changes the project does not contemplate specialwhich take place in the region, requiring structures for the attenuation ofnoise generatedprevention through monitoring of the water by the moving trains, some stations will end uptables in order to mminiize the effects of their presenting noise levels above maximumlowering. Associated to the quick lowering of legislative standards.the water tables is the fact that the loss of waterin the interior of the excavation always leads tosoil removal, with the possibility of subsidence. Air Pollution. The greatest problem during the

implementation of the enterprise areparticulates, which may arise at sensitive

Uibratious. This impact consists of propagation rciesi h tto oain n ln hof sound waves which transmit vibrations to the length of the route.neighboring buildings, from 'open-air' gdetonations of rocks. These can eventuallygenerate material damage associated to air The Salvador Metro system will be fed by anshifting with the possibility, in extreme cases, electrical system and most probably, during theof glass window breaking in buildings located operational phase, there will not be anyopposite the shifting of the sound wave. problems related to air emissions. It is true to

say that the removal of ignition motors fromThe concern during the phase of opening of circulation will generate a positive impact.tunnels applies only to the initial 15 meters However, in the areas surrounding stationapproximately. After that the sound energy locations, there should be an increase in theresulted from friction with the tunnel walls is number of vehicles which will feed them, andreduced to tolerable levels. The buildings that will probably inhibit dispersion of emissions,located within a radius of approximately 100 which added to the background ones maymeters from the detonation sites may get a slight generate a substantial impact.vibration.

Noise.Construction noise will vary from

15

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

8. MITIGATING MEASURES

SOCIAL FEATURES

The project will affect a wide part of the community in Salvador, and some groups in particular, duringthe construction and operational phases, i.e., services which are now conducted in the area (someinformal commercial activities) as well as communication will be harmed under the influence of theMetro system.

Problems with accidents may occur during the construction phase during the circulation of heavyvehicles specially in areas where high velocity traffic is common presently such as in the BR-324 andBonoco corridors. Special attention should be given to these areas in order to minimize the occurrenceof accidents.

The most relevant aspect in this segment might occur due to the construction work, when families willbe relocated to another area. It is therefore necessary to design a widespread information plan for thepopulation, through social agents, in order to provide orientation on the reasons for relocation offamilies and their new living conditions. The relocation plan should be carefully planned and performedso that the process is natural.

A similar issue, even though of minor magnitude, refers to indemnification to the owners of commercialbusinesses, based on monetary transactions (different from the residents' relocation) thus expediting

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practices, especially the informal ones, will a whole, the future users of the system,avoid the generation of a negative association employees, dwellers of neighboring areas,of the Metro system to former chaotic practices aiming preparation of the community forof land use for commercial purposes which construction and operation of the newgenerates an inadequate behavior on the part transportation system to be implemented in theof the population. In the Metro systems of Rio city.de Janeiro and Sao Paulo one may notice, forinstance, collective behavior patterns far higherthan those ofthe samne population on the streets, BIOTIC FEATURESbeing that a result of order, cleanliness withinand around the Metro facilities. Due to the fact that the construction of the

Metro will take place in an area whoseTwo station areas Campo da Polvora and Rotula vegetation is already resultant from man'sdo Abacaxi should receive special attention action, the impacts over the biotic media willregardingarchitectural aspects surrounding the be aicht. It must be reinforced nevertheless thatfuture station (Campo da P6lvora) and limited be igt. t speied nevenue at

condtion ofpublc aces Rotla d Abcaxi thenative tree species (Bonoc6 Avenue andconditions of public acces (Rotula do Abacaxi Mata Escura) should, within the possibilities,- see drawing).

17

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

be preserved. The incorporation of native and even exotic tree and bush species, with which thepopulation is already familiar, must not be spared in stations and corridors. Those, e.g., Clitoriarecemosa,Cassia siamica, Terminalia cattapa (trees); Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Burguenville sp., Lantana camaraand Agave sisalana (bushes), will provide beauty and will create small natural oases in urban spaces.

On the other hand, the incorporation of dense aligned vegetation, wherever possible, will soften the

visLUl OI ctof tIh H n o AVOIt G*F FFelWS s ivaXteyca

continuum~~~ of stutue in cocrt an it will9 LtTI

unobtedL'~B6ly atnut hegneae nie.Temiiatn eaue pertanig o th

J~~~I.*3P08V \ Aiyilily S t I ..... ___5

Detailed type section and treatment of sectionsin segments of the elevated system

visual impact of the presence of the Metro, as benefits of such interventions, so that they canit will break the homogeneity of the visual better accept the temporayn discomfort.continuum of structures in concrete and it willndoubtedly attenuate the generated noise. the mitigating measures pertaining to the

attenuation of noise pressure resulted fromThe Mata Escura area, due to themseveralaaspects explosions, consist basically of thealready mentioned, deserves a differentiated implementation of procedures for vibration andtreatment upon the construction of the metro, sound wave control inherent to the constructionand remedial (landscape recuperation and phase, e.g., control of the amount of explosivesso as to keep the sound pressure below the 115improvement of the urban standards), and d.. lii .. tebidnsnarytedtnto

dBlmtmthe buidnsloctd inth nearby thegieonation

should be addressed in a later stage with thenst Te keyt

nature,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~lts the expriyc thatdre th municitrpaln

stategovernment hasuppcarryingort workssuchasThearmanagement of risks consist in the use of a

tHiSI one, and inlightoftheseveralworksalreadyisecondary cover over the detonation areaPHYSICAL FEATURES ~~~~(narrow path protection cover), in order toattenuate the wave propagation and in keeping

Problems related to noise and vibration are the widw*pndrn eoain ota hexpected mainly during the construction period. shifing of air will be facilitated and windows inIt is expected that these impacts will be the buildings lctein the nearby rgon

aoulwayson wort m oentiingfthered to khefuturep thtee buildngs locaathe rdibuo y 10 meterns fpoputisone asd an wightolte informed wofks theaflreadetonationdsitesythepossibilityofperceiv1S oncrne ar th ons nar he unnl nrr8

some vibration. of noise will depend mainly on the location ofthe noises and the proximity to sensitive receivers.

Another factor which must be taken intoconsideration in terms of sound pressure The cumulative effect in the station location isresulted from explosions refers to stability of due to traffic noise increase and reverberation.certainrmarginal slopes, specially the ones along That can be controlled through the use ofBonoc8 Avenue and BR-324, which will have absorbing materials under the structure and byto be studied under a greater amount of detail. intense use of vegetation in order to ensure thatThe vibrations resulted from detonations which resulting noises will be within enviromnentalare transmitted to rock substrata can, when not legislative standards. The cumulative effectcontrolled, induce tensions which may cause outside the station location is due to trainsmovement of slopes and/or sliding of soil under moving or undergoing occasional maintenance,precarious levels of stability. and it will probably be significant due to the

levels already shown in the assessment area.The staboiity of unstable soils and rock blocks, Once more, the use of dense vegetation barriersthe monitoring of the existing structures for or specific structures for attenuation of noisesslope contention and above all the program of must be stimulated.vibration control are measures, which must bestrictly followed, for the control and prevention Due to the nature ofthe construction site (withinof accidents in that type of construction work. city limits) it will be important to ensure a high

.standard of caution, minimizing the emissionThe subsidence problems in the foundations of of solid wastes which are generated. It is alsoexisting buildings and viaducts, are a result of important to bear in mind that an adequatesoil excavations (sedimentary or colluvial) or drainage system both during the constructionrock excavations, which transmit vibrations to and operational phases may prevent impactsthe rock substratum and the adjacent soil over the quality of water. Project parametersinducing tensions which can turn unstable the with higher factors of security (e.g., durationgrounds on which the foundations are of rain intensity, draining coefficients) must besulpported. In both cases, therearrangement of used in the sites which were considered asthe layers is the crucial factor for subsidence. critical ones by this assessment, so that greaterThe generation of dust and mud is inherent to drainage may be obtained in those areas.the open air and underground excavation Such recomendations are already being takenoperations, in addition to the ones carried out in consideration in the engineering project.in concrete central stations. Soil excavation,rock perforation, disassembly, loading andtransportation of material produce dust. It also 9. ENVIRONMENTALcomes from truck traffic in the service fronts MON ITORI NGand from the industrial support sites.

As for the foundations. the assessment Environmental monitoring schedules have beenrecommends the use of in situ molded piling proposed to:rather than percussive piling which may causenoise problems at the moment of nailing. v ensure that environmental impacts resulting

from the construction and operation of theThere should be occasional noises in the station Salvador Metro system are minimized or keptlocations in its several operations, but those must to acceptable levels;not be considered as significant. On the other - establish procedures for checking thathand, the cumulative effect of the main sources

19

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

mitigation measures have been effectively 11. CONCLUSIONS ANDapplied, and that appropriate corrective RECOMMENDATIONSactions are appropriately undertaken;

* provide a means of checking compliance with As mentioned above, the construction of theenvironmental objectives, recording any Salvador Metro system will represent aanomalies and documenting necessary significant positive impact to the city's urbancorrective action. setting.

The possibility of improving mass transport will

Monitoring will be required to measure noise, result in a decrease in the use of private vehicles,particulate and gaseous levels, and waste thus implying an improvement of users' wellmanagement practices during both the being, reduction oftrafficjams and accidents inconstruction and operation of the Salvador areas which today are characterized asMetro system. problematic ones, and attenuation of air and

noise pollution.

A during-project audit (Comissao Tecnica deGarantia Ambiental) will be carried out, as per The mitigation measures have been proposedstate requirements, with a team formed by to minimize the environmental impactstechnicians employed by the municipal whereverpossible. Environmentalmonitoringgovernment, who will implement, execute and will be essential in order to ensure that potentialcoordinate the control actions proposed in the impacts are kept at acceptable levels.EIA/RIMA, ensuring that the environmentalentity is duly informed of the steps taken. Recommendations have been made and the

most important ones are sunnarized below. InIt is recommended that periodical auditing is order for the potential environmental impactscarried out after the system becomes fully of the system to be minimized, it is essentialoperational, in order to systematically ensure that these recommendations be observedthat the performance of the organizational throughout the conclusion of the project.structure of environmental management meetsthe management patterns of the equipment used. Key detected environmental impacts andThe Environmental Imnpact Assessment will act summarized recommendations are presentedas a basis for the periodical auditing and will below:guarantee its correct achievement and updating,making it an essential document for Noise!bralion: high level impact noise,environmental management. including vibrator noise, during construction

will be significant, and is likely to cause sleep

10. COSTS disturbance to sensitive receivers in closeproximity to construction activities. It has beenrecommended that the use of percussive

Since the detected ipctsnareof min construction methods be kept to a minimum,signficance someofate re dto ill and that slopes and existing building foundations

the project in general terms. The expensives are carefully evaluated so as to predict and avoidregarding mitigation should be included in the possible damage

enginnering costs. Air: results from evaluation of quality modelinghave established that the level of air pollutionin some specific points (stations) is high. Due

20

to the short time spent on monitoring, it is recommended that a more detailed and extended campaignbe carried out aimiing the acquisition of better-defined data even during the construction of the Metrosystem. The forced ventilation system will have to take into consideration the sensitive situation of theexisting stations.

Landscape and visual impacts: the development of the Salvador Metro system will create significantvisual impacts. The most important ones are associated to the development of stations where theproximity to sensitive receivers is most critical (Campo da P61vora) as well as in the proximity to theMata Escura Dam.

The community impacts resulting from the construction of the Salvador Metro system include impactover the traffic, issues related to existing services and general impact over the community activities inthe area. The relocation of people and extinction of commercial buildings along the Metro route arepermnanent impacts of the construction of the Metro systemL

Strict control is recommended in terms of the future relationship of use and occupation of neighboringareas to the stations and along the corridor, in order to avoid a negative association ofthe Metro systemto old and inadequate collective habits and/or patterns of conduct related to chaotic land occupation.

Measures to mitigate the impacts are specified, in greater detail in the "Environmental ImpactAssessment" and "Environmental Impact Report" which are also parts of this assessment and should be

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21

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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in the bidding documents for construction and operating concession.

Finally, with the objective of maximizing the benefits derived from an equipment which will tend toimprove life conditions in the urban setting, it is recommended that a campaign of EnvironmentalEducation is carried out among the population as a whole, the future users of the system, employees,dwellers of neighboring areas, aiming preparation of the community directly affected or not by theconstruction and operation of the new transportation system to be implemented. U

22

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