Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for...

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SynchrotronBased Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory Merchan, Henning Lichtenberg Kyuingmin Ham Eizi Morikawa Orhan Kizilkaya Axita Gupta Lichtenberg, Kyuingmin Ham, Eizi Morikawa, Orhan Kizilkaya, Axita Gupta, Annette Summer Engel, Josef Hormes and Richard Kurtz J. Bennett Johnston, Sr., Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, Baton Rogue, LA 70803

Transcript of Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for...

Page 1: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Synchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation 

of BP Macondo OilDaniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory Merchan, Henning

Lichtenberg Kyuingmin Ham Eizi Morikawa Orhan Kizilkaya Axita GuptaLichtenberg, Kyuingmin Ham, Eizi Morikawa, Orhan Kizilkaya, Axita Gupta, Annette Summer Engel, Josef Hormes and Richard Kurtz

J. Bennett Johnston, Sr., Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, , , ,Louisiana State University, Baton Rogue, LA 70803

Page 2: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Chemistry of Crude OilChemistry of Crude Oil

• Crude oil is composed of many molecular compounds of different molecular weightscompounds of different molecular weights

• It is divided into different types based on API specific gravity, solubility in different liquids, etc. These are operationally defined SARA: saturatesThese are operationally defined. SARA: saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes.

• Geologically more recent oil has higher level of vanadium than nickel.

• About half of these metals are present as porphyrins; the rest have very similar structures but are not porphyrins. 

Page 3: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Crude Oil CompositionCrude Oil Composition

C 83 – 87%

H 10 – 14%

N 0.1 – 2.0%

O 0.05 – 1.5%

S 0.05 – 6.0 %

V < 2000 ppm

Ni < 1000 ppm

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Aromatic Rings and Asphaltene

Page 5: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

X‐Ray Based MethodsX Ray Based Methods

• X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry y p y• X‐Ray Diffractometry• Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering• X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Advantages of X‐ray based methods:Non destructivelittle or no sample preparationlittle or no sample preparationLiquid or solid samples can be easily studied

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Petroporphyrins in Crude Oil

Speight (1998)

Page 7: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Nickel K Edge XANESm

aliz

ed)

1.2

nce

(nor

m

0.8

Riser Oil

uore

scen

0.4NWF Oil

Emulsified Oil

In Situ Burn Residue

Pre edge

Miller et al. 1999

Photon Energy (eV)8325 8340 8355 8370

Flu 0.0

Miller, J. T., R. B. Fisher, van der Eerden, A. M. J., Koningsberger, D. C  (1999). "Structural Determination by XAFS Spectroscopy of Non‐Porphyrin Nickel and Vanadium in Maya Residuum Hydrocracked Residuum and Toluene‐Insoluble Solid " Energy & Fuels 13(3):Residuum, Hydrocracked Residuum, and Toluene Insoluble Solid.  Energy & Fuels 13(3): 719‐727.

Page 8: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Vanadium K Edge XANESm

aliz

ed)

1.6

2.0

ce (n

orm

0.8

1.2

Pre edge

ores

cen

0 0

0.4In Situ Burn residue

NWF Oil Sample

Miller et al. 1999Photon Energy (eV)5460 5480 5500 5520

Flu 0.0 NWF Oil Sample

Miller, J. T., R. B. Fisher, van der Eerden, A. M. J., Koningsberger, D. C  (1999). "Structural Determination by XAFS Spectroscopy of Non‐Porphyrin Nickel and Vanadium in Maya y p py p y yResiduum, Hydrocracked Residuum, and Toluene‐Insoluble Solid." Energy & Fuels 13(3): 719‐727.

Page 9: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Degradation Products of BP Crude Oil

m.)

3Riser Oil

Control Burn

one

ne

e (n

orm

2

Weathered Oil

Tarball 1

Tarball 2ulfa

teSulfo

Thio

phen

scen

ce

Tarball 2

ulfid

e

SuT

Fluo

res 1

enzy

l su

S lf K Ed XANES

2460 2475 2490 2505 2520

F

0

Dib

e Sulfur K Edge XANES

Photon Energy (eV)2460 2475 2490 2505 2520

Page 10: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Possible Biodegradation Pathway for Dibenzohiophene (by Brevibacterium sp.)

van Afferden et al. 1990

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Photodegradation of Crude OilGarrett et al. 1998

Sulfur XANES API Gravity - 29.0 - 40.7S% - 1.06 -0.28

norm

.)

3S% 1.06 0.28UV radiation - 302 nm mode

Thio

phen

e

lfate

fona

te

scen

ce (n 2

e Dib

enzo

T Sul

Sulf

Sulfo

ne

Fluo

res

1 UV irradiated Oil

Crude Oilnzyl

Sul

fide

2465 2470 2475 2480 24850

Crude Oil

Be

Photon Energy (eV)

Page 12: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Coral sample collected 140 miles west of Deepwater Horizon Spill siteof Deepwater Horizon Spill sitecollected by Suzanne Fredericq, ULL, on December 4th, 2010

Is This BP Oil?

Page 13: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Chromatographic methods produced no signal

m.)

8Oil srcaped from coral coated with oil

Riser Oil e

(nor

m 6GoM

Coral with little oil Tar Ball

Sulfate

esce

nce

4

Fluo

re 2Sulfone

Thiopheneand disulfide

Photon Energy (eV)2460 2470 2480 2490 25000

Sulfur compounds are typical of crude oil and its degradation products

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X‐Ray DiffractometryX Ray Diffractometry100

X-Ray Diffractometry

50

75

ensi

ty (c

ps)

n-naphtene

25

Inte

In Situ BurnEmulsifiedfrom near Venice, LA

Tanaka et al 2004

10 20 30 400

Angle (2)

,

• emulsified oil shows crystallization of a napthene phase Tanaka et al. 2004

(lab source different wavelength)

napthene phase.• The main peak location does not vary.• There is an additional peak at lower 2θ for 

the in situ burn sample• The emulsified oil shows crystallization of a 

napthene phase.• Paraffin crystallizes out

Page 15: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

Wide Angle X‐Ray ScatteringTarball

100

u.)

Tar Ball

10

inte

nsity

(a.u

0 10 20 30 40

1

0 10 20 30 40

2 (deg)

Quartz: completely crystalline phaseQuartz: completely crystalline phase 

Page 16: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

C l iConclusions• Controlled burning does not affect the porphyrin (or g p p y (porphyrin‐like) structure of nickel, however, emulsification does.

S lf t i i d i d il h i bl• Sulfur‐containing compounds  in crude oil show variable degree of degradation depending on the fraction.

• Burning of crude oil does not release these metals into the atmosphere

• Emulsified has a different XANES spectrum indicating that the porphyrin‐like nickel structure  has broken down, 

ibl d b i l ipossibly due to bacterial action. • Controlled burning affects the stacking of asphaltene layers. 

Page 17: Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy, Gregory ... fileSynchrotron‐Based Methods for Investigating Degradation of BP Macondo Oil Daniel Duarte, Edward Overton, Amitava Roy,

AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

Funding AgenciesLSU/BP Round 1; McNair Program at LSU