D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem
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Transcript of D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem
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COPYright e npilBfUi q.a"ynT~T YflHBep3Hyen y 6eorp~AY, 20U1/ CBil npaoa 3a,t1P*ilH il- HfJje A03BOMHO Ail \iIlJlO KOjll Aeo OBe l{lbllre 6ylie Ctllf~UbeH, eM)I EeorpaJ\ TOBaH linn peIlpolly~"nH lIa 611110 KOjll Hil'lIlH, YlUbY'lyjyl\lI, allH He orp;I'"11fooa;yI\H ce
2008flO .p<nOKoIlllpalbe, .poTorpa$lIjy, .mrnerHIl ~OJlIIC 11M! 611110 Kojf1 Apyrll BHA ~amJca, 6e3 I1perXOAlle AOUOlle arropa H113J\3Ba'la. ' i
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YCTAB CPEI1JE 0):(1990. ro):(I1HE
"HcnrrYU;HOH3JlHH OKIHlp ycnoCTaBJI>eH YcraBoM 0,11; 1990. - De] 063H"
pa Ha TO WTO je 6Hna y c3CTi\BY Cl1lPJ, c nOHDeOM ce MOJKe HCTah" ):13 je ,ll;OHOllIeH>eM YeTasa 28. cemeM6pa 1990. Cp6Hja npBa Me!)y HCTO'lHOeBpO!1CKHM
.r:lp)l{!BaM3 o.l\6arnma pyxo cOll;HjanHCTH'iKe YCT3BHOCTH H aao;QeHyna ce BpeA
HOCTHMa JIH6epamlO-,Il;eMOKpaTcKor KOffCTHT}'l.IltOHamI3M<L ThM aKTOM M3ap
llleHe cy KopeHHTe npOloleHe KaKO Jlp}'UlTBeHOr ype~elba TaKO Ii nOJlKTlf'l:KOr
CltCTeMa. IIopeJ); npoxnaMOa3tb3 npimlVma Cn060.!lHe Tp>Ki<WHe UplfBpe.ae H
HOJIlfTH'IKOr mTypaJIH3Ma, ,Il;OJla3H H JI,O HHCTHTYUHOHaJJH30BaJ-ba Ha'l:~a nOlle
ne BnaCTH. PaJYMe-ee]:la he, c 063HpOM H3 rrpHpoD;)' aBor pa.Qa, Hawa rraJl.(fba
6HTH yCMepeml. npeBaCXO,ll;HO Ha :il.HanH3Y Talla ycnOCTaBll>eHOr eHcreMa Dna
en!. HeCYMlhKBo je ~ lie nocTOjH 3HaMeHlfTlfje MMe KalUe caBpeMcHe yCTaE
HonpaBHe Hayxe Koje HKje nKcano 0 npKpO.l:lK. YCTaBOM 0.1:1 1990, YCI10CTaBll>e
Hor G1CTeMa BnaCTK, na ce OnpaB.I:IaHO nOCTaBll>a mlTaJ-be Mo;«e nl1 ce cBeMy
TOMe 6KllO lUTa KOBO .I:Io.l:laTK. Me~YTl{M, tie MO:>Ke OCTanl 3aHeMapeHO T0.l:la
B~KKOM 6pojy pa,I\oEa KOjYl cy 3a TeM)' KManYi YCTaB Cp6Kje 0.1:1 1990, 360r
nOIlKTW-IKe oCTpawheHOCTIl: J-bYlXOBKX ayTopa, He.l:lOCTaje Ml/HKManaH CTeneH
HayqHe 06jeKTKBHOCTK. HaKMe, 3aCIlenll>eKK nonKTII'lKHM .I:IOra~ajuMa KOjlf
ce HKcy O.l:lBYljanK Ha, no J-bHMa, nO:>KeJhaH H O'feKKsaH H3'1HH, 3HaTaH 6poj
HalUYlX TeOpeTH'Iapa HYlje 6)(0 y cTaJ-bY.l:la HanpafHl pa3/HlIeY Y13Me~y HopMa
TIfBHor YI CTBapHor, TaKO.l:la je Y1HCTIl:~Y10HanKHOKBKp Cp6Y1je 0.1:1 1990. Ha
IfllIao Ka He,tl06pOHaMepHe H TeopKjcKK HerreMelbeHe KpIfTIfKe. TaKa je. np~l
Mepa pa.l:lH, HOBoycnoCTaBlbeHK CHCTeM BllaCTil 0.1:1 noje,tlKH!{X TeapeTH'Iapa
BeOMa rpy6a oKBanK¢iKKosaH Kao "H3BHTOnepeH~.·!6 na 'taK If "H30na'leH"w
napnaMeHTapKsaM. TIpHllKKa je.l:la ce HaKOH ocaMKaeCT rO.l:lKHa O.l:l.l:lOHOWeJ-ba
OBor yCTaBa, KOjK je y Me~yapeMeHY YI npecrao,tla Ba:>KH, nporoBopH HenpH
crpaCHo, .I:IaKne, Y JI.YXY aHTK'lKe MaKCKMe sine ira et studio.
KaKo je Beh KanoMeH)'To. YCTas Cp6HjejeYMeCTO SKWCJl:eU;eHHjcKor KO H
CTHT}'lIHoHaIlKSOeaH>a Ha'feJIa je,tlKHCTsa. MaCTH Y J-beroBoj cxynWTIlHCKOj
426 nUllc H"'IQIIM~, napllaMellt1lopl'SllM U cucfiJe1J. MOCWUY l'!/oCllal1uju gOHa,. y naMe HMKOllHh. Og paOiogo go lSeJIlQ~ II IlQgc, ~$HIIHrr B"lUM>lI~·. BeorpaJI, 1997. CTp.'151.
427 KoCTI "lallOlUICM,_1pc!lla /yfOCJ/ll-l1ujo y lI()/1o,M ydlllUlHC\loII py;ry. y Kocn '{UOWltll, Ycaial1 /Coo jC1J.d[jl1o ClIOO[ge, ~41KIIJfJJ BIIUIM>.~·, 5eolpllJl, 1995, CTp. 119.
294 I nOl"y~pt9't9HU'f7C1I 04cillfM ,, aapKjaHTH npOlUlaMOBaO npKHlJ;KIl nOj:lene allaCTH. taKo je ':InaHO!>! 9. oeor
yCTaBa Dpe,lUllt~eHO; QYcTaBl'TBopHa It 3a.KOHOJ:\aBH3 'BnacT npHna;:J;a HapoJ:lHOj cKynwTHHJ.l. Peny6miKy Cp6Hjy npe,l\CTaBlba K H>~HO AplKaBI ,0 jeAHKCTBO
HJpIDKaa<l npe,o;ceWHIK Peny6nKKe. HJBpWHa enaCT qplmaga Bna,ll;K. CY.r:ICKa BnaCT npKna,l:la CY,!\OBHMa. 3alllTKTa yCTaBHQCTK, Ka6 It 3aWntTa J:l.KOHHTO
eTK y CKna,l:lY ea YCTaaoM, nplma}\a YCTaBHOM CY.r:IX."' OnaKO 4JopMynHcaH
1J1IaH YCTaBa OCTaBlba AKJIeMy KOjOj rpaHK BJIaCTK npH~Ta,ll;a npep;Ce,ll,H~!K Peny
6nHKe, WTO je Moryne 0,l:lrOHCTHYTH KCKlby':lJ.IBO II~KOH allamoe ]-berOBOr
yCTaBlwnpaBHor nonOlK3Ja.. ,
' ,
npe,l:lCe,r:l'iHK Perry6nKKe ce 6Hpa Ha Henocpe,a,H'i!M .136opHMa Jia apeMe 0,1\ neT rOAHHa, npM 'ieMy jC.r:IHO K'TO JlHI.lC Monce 611T)( ~3a6paHO Ha ()By 4JytlKlVljy liajBliwe ,ll;Ba npa ('illial 86). MaH,II;aT npe,l\Ce~fHIKa Peny6nllKe MO>Ke npecT:l.TlI li npe liCTeKa neT rO,ltlilla, y cny'iajy on03lfBa linli ooaBKe ('inali 87). ITpe,ll;Ce,o;HliK Peny6nHKe je Henocpe,nHo O.llrOB~paH rpal)aHliMa ('-InaH 88). HaliMe, YKonliKO HapO,ll;Ha CKynWTlJlia, KBanli4JflKoBalioM BenliHoM O,ll; ,ll;Be TpdlliHe yKynHor 6poja nOC11aliliKa, OL\eH~J ,Ita je npe,ll;Cep;Hl'IK Peny6nliKe npeKpwlio YcTaB, HOKpefJ.e ce nocTynaK lberOBor on03liBa. Kona'my O,lVlyKy o OnOJliBY npe,ll;Ce,l\liHKa Peny6nliKe ,lI;OHOce 6lipa'iu ~enOCpe,ll;liliM tJ TajHliM IiJjawlbaBalbeM, a,ll;i1 61i npe,l\JIor 6lio nplixBaneH, HednxoP;Ho je,ll;a 3a on03HD rJ1aca anconyTna aenHHa 6lipa'la. Me~YTHM, YKomlKo ,I5Hpa'i~1 HeycBoje npe.nnor 3a on03HB npe,nce,ll;HHKa Peny6nliKe, Hap0,ll;Ha CKrnWTlIHa ce pacnywTa. )J;aKne, KaKO ce Ha OCHoay li3nO)f(eHOr yCTaBHOr peujetba MO;.Ke JaKJl,y'HlTll, npep;ceAH.IK Peny6mlKe He MO>t<;e 6liT.1 onOJaaH y cnf'iajy nOnliTIi'-lKtJ HelJ,enliCxop;Hor ,ll;enOBalba, Ben je,llKHO YKOnliKO je CBOjtlM aKTOM, no OL\eHIi npe.nCTaaIUl'iKOr Tena, npeKpW.lo YCTaB, WTO oBaj lia'iliH npeBpeMeHor npeCTaHKa npe.rlCe,ll;tili'lKOr Man,ll;aTa npli61lKIKaBa IiMHil'lMeHTY.
Hajaltwe nOneMItKe y Hawoj yeTOlBHollpaBHoj reop~ljli ~J3a3.JBana cy OBnaWhelba npe,ll;Ce,llliKKa Peny6nHKe, 6y,ll;yfJ.lt,ll;a cy o~a, no pe'iIiMa fvhlo,ll;para JOBli'lHha, ,,6e3 HKaKae CyMlbe aellli {O1","l' 360r 'Ier1 he HajBena n;lJKlba 6~JTH nocBenena ynpaao TOM nKTalby. Y npay rpynyrrP9'ce,lW~IKOB~L,,{OBnawnelba MOry 6mH HJ,ltBojeHa OHa Koja cy MMaHeHTHa tPYl1KL\I-JjH we4Ja ,lI;plKaBe H Koja He 3a."{TeBajy neKy noce6H}' illianltJY. TaKo, npe,ll;c'iJ'H~IK Peny6nliKe npe,llCTaBJl,a 3eWbY y HHocTpaHCTBy ('inaJ.l 83.4), PYKOBO~K 0pY)f(aHIiM CHarat-ta (..nan 83.5), YKaJOM npornawaaa 3aKOlie ('inaK 83.3), ;!,aje nOMlinOBalba ('inial 83.9), ,lI;OAeJl,yje O,lVlHKOBalba ('InaH 83.10) li opramf~yje concTaeliY Oly)f(6y Ja 06aBlbaH>e nocnoaa KJ cBoje Ha,lVle.a<:HOCTIi ('inaH 83.11). Ka,ll;a cy y nliTalbY lberoaa oBnallihelba npeMa ana,ll;li, YCTaB je npe,ll;B.I,lI;ep Ail npe,ll;ce,ll;li.IK Peny6mfKe nnpe,l:\JlIDKe Hapo4Hoj CKynwTIiHIi KaK,ll;UAaTa ~a Hpen,cft:\HHKa BnaAe, nOlliTO caC11yWa MHwn:.elbe npe,nCTaBHtlKi! aen,IHe y flapO,ll;tloj cKynwTIiHIi" ('inali 83.I). )J;aneKo cy JHa'iajmlja oanalllnelba npeACCF,lI;KliKa Peny6nliKe Koje
428 M.'OApar JOB.,~IITI, }<:ilill"l1l1 ~OIlO}ICo.j u.pegceglluKII Pfily6'~""e ,10 1I0MAI Ycw""y Cp6uj., y Kygllll.gttu. Cp6ujo!, op. cit., crp. 56. I
PtO CtgMu - IIpa8Ha iJpupoga 'l<Cwt>la 8J/aCa;u y Peily6JluI(u Cp6uju 295,. OH HMa npeMa 3aKOHO,ll;aBHoj D1laC;H. rrp~ce,[t;HHK Peny61lHKC pacnonIDKe npaBOM cycneH3HBHor BeTa y O.o;HOCy Ha 3aKOHe yCBojeHe y Hapo.o;Hoj c"ynWTHHK ('{)laH 84). HaJfMe, y pOKY O,Q ce,ll;aJ.i ,lt3Ha 0,11; ,ll;aHa yCBajalba 3a"OHa. npe,l\ce.nHHKY Peny6nltKe je OCTaBn:.eHa MOrrnHOCT I\a H3rnacaHH JaKOH BpaTH HapO,ll;Hoj CKYnwTliHH Ha noHoaHo rnacalbe. y"OIlJ.lKO Ii npH nOHOBHOM rnacalby HapO,ll;Ha CKYIIWnlHil yCBOjH 3aKok, npc,ltce,ltHIiK Peny6nHKe je p;y, >KaH,II;a ra Hpornacli. ITope.n Bet! nOMenyTor .npaBa cycneHJKBHOr BeTa, opeACe,ll;HKK Peny6JIliKe pacnOllIDKe H npaBOM .lutc:onYlll1je ('{)laH 89). TaKo, Ha 06pa.J1I0>KeHJ.I rrpeWIor BJIa,ll;e, npe.nce,ll;HI1K ~~ny6nHKe MO>Ke.o;a AOHece oAnyKy 0 pacnyWTalby Hap0,lVie cKynlllTHHc. ]e',lI;HHO orpaHH'ielbe Koje je YCTaB nOCTaBIiO eneKyTIiBIi nplt KopHwhelby npaea AliconYLl,l1je jeC:Te.o;a ce HllPOA, Ha CKynwTliHa He MO:l(e pac:nycTIiTl13a speMe paTHor CTalba, HenOcpC,lJ;He paTHe onaCHOCTH HBaHpe,l\HOr CTalba. ITpeWIarJlbeM KaH,II;IiAaTa Hap0,ll;Hoj CKyn, WnlllH Ja Hpe.llCe,l\HHKa li CY,ll;Hjc YCT3BHor q'Aa, npe,llCe.QHHK Peny6mlKe HMa 3lia'iajaH YTliLlaj HHa BpwelbeYCTaBHOCY,ll;CK~ tPyHKlJ,Hje. OCHM Tora, npCAC:CAHHK Peny611liKe pacnon<IJKe npaBOM Ha rrO*Howelbe npe,ll;nora 301 npoMeHY YCTaBa ('lllaH 132). HanOC11eTKY, nope,I\ OB}q pCAOBH.L"{ oanawhelba. Yc:TaB je npeAceAHIiKy Peny6nIiKc nOBep"0 n WHpOK3. BaHpe,ll;Ha oBnawhelba: 1) Aa "aI\a HapOAHa cKynwTliHa Hl1je y MorynHocTIi!,lI;ll ce cacTaHe, no Il;'H6aBlbeHoM Mliwfbeli>Y npep;ceAmlKa BllaAe, YUp,llH 110CTojalbe Henocpe,ll;He paTHe onaCHOCTK ,111H npornani pamo CTalbe ('inaH 33.6); 2),11;01 no CBOjO) IiHIiL\HjaTliBIi 1'11111 lia npe,I\Jlor llpe.QceAHHKa BnaAe, Ja spei.l.e paTHor CTali>a linli Henoc:pe,tl· . . He ,jJaTne onaCHOCl'H, AOHO"I aKTe 0 nHTa~IiMa HJ HaAne>KnOCTIi HapoAHe cKynwTIiHe, CHI"I WTO je p;y)KaH t:\a .L'{ nOA~ece Ha nOTBp,ll;y HapoAHoj CKyl1lllTl-lHli 'iHM OHa 6YAe y MorynHocTH Aa ce caCTaHe. AKTl-J"m ,!\oHeTliM 301 Bpe, !>Je paTHor CTalba MOry ce orpaHWUlTH noje.QIiHe ClI060,ll;e Ii npaBa '-IOBeKa Ii rpat:!atUIHa H H3MeHtITIi opraHU3alJ,Hja, Cac:ThB ~l oBnawnelba Bna,ll;e 11 M~IHHCTapCT01Ba, CY,llOBa.1 jaBHlix TY)K}maWTaBil (';InaH 33.7); 3) Aa Ha npeAllor Bna,lI;e, Ka,ll;01 cy Ha ,lteny TepltTopHje Peny6nuKe yrpo>t<;eHIt 6e36eAHocT Peny6mlKt" Cp6.lje, cn060,ll;e II npaBa 'iOBeKa H rpal)aH~JHa .mH pa,ll; Ap>KaBHH.."{ opraHa, npornawaBa BanpeAHo CTali>e .1 ,lI;OHOC,1 aKTe 3a npeAYJ'IMalbe Mepa Koje TaKBe OKonHOCTH mJ.1CKyjy, y CKna,ll;y CYCTaBO~1 }l 3aKOHOM ('illaH 83.8).
ITpeMa Ben nOMenyToj 1i3ptl'iIiTOj YCTtlB:HOj 0,ll;pe.n61i, Blla.o;H je llOBepeHo Bpwelbe HJOpWHe BnaCTH. MeljynJM, YKonl1KO IiMaMo y BH,lI;y OBnawtJ.eli>a npeACe,ll;HIiK01 Peny6JIliKe, jaCtiO je Ail 1'11lil,lta H'e paCllOn<IJKe L\ellorynHoM 1i3BpWHOM Bnawny H,lI;a je YCTaB yCTaHoBHO 611l\J4JaJJHY er3eKYTliay. BnaAY ca'ililbaBajy npe,llCe,ll;HlIK, nompe.nce,llHIil\ll H M~HHCTPI1 ('inan 9I). YKonHKO cy
I .'inaHOBIt BnaAe 1i3a6paHIi 1i3 peJla l1apoAHllXUOClIilHHKa, OHJ.13aApJKanaJY no-ClIilHli'iK~1 MaHAaT, WTO 3Ha'i.I,lta je YCTaB OtoiOryli.liO nocTojali>c Bna.Qe MewoB~lTOr KapaKTepa. Y CKlIaAY C Tpa,ll;HlJ,HjOf>1 llapnaMeHTapHe ACMoKpaTlije, npc,II;Ce,I\llIiK Perry6nliKe npe,I\Jlil)Ke M3HAaTap'a 3a caCTaB Bnap;e, noWTO cacnyrna MKWJl,elbe npeL\CTaBHItKa napnaf>leHTapH~ sehHHe. KaH,II;H,I:IaT 3a npe,ll;ceAHItKa ana,ll;e H3HOCii rrpe.Q Hapop;lioM cKynlll1;liHoM CBOj nporpaM li npe,llnIDKe
198 I[Jo,',"pegagHu',,,U CUCilif,l.l JIeo ce_qMU - np~M/<J ~pupo9a wcilie,w</ Ma,aiU y PeaJlS:lIl1~U Cp6ujll 199 ~-------
YCToIB je HapO,lJ;Koj CrynlllTHHI1 p;o.n.emw 11 KBa3HCYA~K)' WHKqlijy HpeABIf_
AfaWH,lta OBO TeJIQ Aaje aMHeCTHjy 3a KpHBH'l.Hil gena ['lm!H 73.12). HaKO ce y '1JIillfy YKOMe cy Ha6pojaHe Il>eHe HilAJIeJtCHoCnt 0 Tol.te He rOBOp", He 1o[OJKe
OCTOlTlt 33HeMapeHO TO Ail HapOAH3 cKynl1Inm3 nOKpehe nocrynaK 33 ono3HIl npe.u;ce,o;HHKa Peny6JIHKe K~ oueHK Ail je OK noape,u,HO YeTaS, WTQ je
TaKol)e jeAilH 06JIHK Ksi!.SI'lCYACKe <PyHKlVfje ('{JIalf 88). HanocneTKy, C 063H
pOM Hil 3Hil'l.aj 3i1KOHoAaBlJe ¢YHKL\Hje, 0,11 BemfKe je :S3JKHOCTH KQMe ie Clle
Ycrila HoaepHO npaBo 33KOHO,lJ;allKe I'IHHUHjaTKBe. Taxa, npaso npe,lJ,i1araHla,3aKOHa, Apynu npomlca If onWTKX ilKilTil nplma,o;a BJla,r:Vf, CBaKOI>! HapO,lJ;HOM
nOCI1i1HHKY, Cf(ynillTKHH ayToHOMHe nOKpajHHt HJlH rPymf O,IIlJajMalht 15.000 6Hpa'la ('111<lH BO). MoJtCe ce npHMeTHnl All. npaBOM 3akoHO,II<lBHe HHHL\ujaTH_ Be He paCnOllaJf<e we¢i ApJtCaBe, WTO je jeAHo 0,11 'leWr"X yCTaBH}lX pewelha y 3eMlbaM<l nocTKoMyH\13Ma. Ho, Ka,IIa je y nHTalhY YcraBOTBopHH nocTynaK, npeW10r ~1Q)t(e nO,IIHeTH Hpei,ce,aHHK PeHy611HKe, npeAce,IIHHK Blla,lle, 50 HapO,aHHX HOCllaHUKa Him HajMillt>e 100.000 6Hpa'lil ('1lUIH 132).
np.:umu np}lpOAa OICTfflla BJ1aCTH no YCTuuyCp6J11je OA 1990. - Hl\CTHryUHOHilnHH OKB.lp Cp65fje OA 1990. HilHWao je Hil 'lecT01HeapryMeHTOBilHy, il ca illUlAeMCKor CTaHOBuurra ~l HenpHMepeHo OIllTpy oc~t Hajaener 6POjil H<lWI1X TeOpeT5f'lapil. Kilo HJlyCTpaL\Hja OB.IX pe'lH 6Hne HaB9\eHu CilMO Hajccyne'laTlh5fBHjH CTaBOBH OH.I;( aYTopa '1}ljU Haym5f KpeAH65fJl5fTeT He MOiKe 6mH ,110BtAeH y lll'ITa!he. TilKO je, no pe'lUMil JIHA.Jje EaCTe, .l3rt?a!jeH "YCTilBHH CTOJKep HeO,llI"oBopHe HHe"OHTpomlCilHt Bnil,ailBuHe",':' AOK ce; no pe'lI1Ma DaBna HHKoJmha, YCTaB Cp6nje He onpeAeIl>yje J<l "cHCTeM Koju:6H AOBtO ,110 HCTHHCKe paBHOTtlKe JaKOHOAilBHt H U3BpWHt BnaCnl, WTO u; HPe,o;CTaBlba eywnlHy npHHu»na HOj:\ene Bn<lCm" Ben "OTaopeHo o6e36el)yje :npeBary HJBpWHe BnilCTIi y nHUy npe,o;cej:\mlKa Peny6mrKe".....u Hil C1IH'IilH Ma-HIH je paJMHwlbao H
BnaAHM}Jp roaTH ~ICTl-1'1ynH ,ail je YCTaHoBlbeH yCTaBHH CHCTeM KOjH OJ1,lHlKyje "ilnconyTHa cynep.lopHOCT npeActAHUKa H~ cKynwnl~oM".·l\ MeI)YTHM, y KOjoj Mep5f OBHM pe'l~IMil npoaejilBil ~lcnJHil Moryne je p$H TeK HaKOH HcupnHe ilHilm13e YCTaaoMCp6Hje OA 1990. Yl".-raHOBJbeHorCHCT~Mil BnilCTH.
Ha OCHOBy }13JlOlKeml;( ycraBH}L'l: peWe!hil He,o;Bo~MHcneHo ce MO)l(e 3ilKJb}"lHTIi,lla cpncnl YCTUBOTBOPilU 1990. H.lje y 'IHCT6M TeopHjcKoM 06mlKy YCTaHOBIiO HHje,llilli OA ABa TPil.JVIL\UOHanHil CHCTfMa nbAene BnUCTIi. Hecnop. . ,HO Ie Ail Je y OCHODH ycnoCTaBJbeH HapnaMe»TapHl-/l-1HC1:HTyUHOHaJlHl-/ Olump, HpH 'IeMy cy Hp"MfTml Hnojf,ll}JHH eJleMeHTIi npeAC~H.J'Il\or Ci'lCTeMa 6YAYnH Aa we¢! Ap*<lBe HfHOCpf,llHO }IJil6pUH 0,11 CTpaHe rF1al)aHa IIlije OrpaHH'IeH
, 429 JlM,Ilirja nacra, YCrTI~~fI~ [lc,\l<!KpMilllj~ " (flt)go'fJO:pMIicK'r ~ofl"7i"m)''lllj'l gpyrurTI~", r
P"IlMKIUI HuaP"JIa II ,Ilp. (yp.), Pmli"9 )yiO,'!I,ldUjt - fJpogyJKriiiM. WIll Kpl1j "Io'mjt, HH· ClIlTYT 31 eDponcKc CTYll,ije, BeorpAA. 1991, Clp. 114-1 15
430 n"aIIt HiIKQnHli, Y,m1l6 Ptily6l1~u Cp6uj, lJg199G. /ogw.lft U Ilpu6~cM~ gcMoKpaiUuJa'I'" jc, rn"""e H.J.l(on~h. 0[1 P<"Ci41qllgO 6tJIf.I~" W. Ifllgt.C'p. cit, l:Tp. 1l3.
4)1 H"nc,llcno npcMa: Oro6ollaH A·HTOlfllh, 3)p06llJtflo JCAIIl>", l!lTKp08CI!>e, Ecorp~,Il. 2001, cTp.4lJ. '
Ha BpWe!hf HCXJbY'UIBO npOTOKQnapmu OBJI~Wnelba. Y lJawoj yCTaBHonpaBHOj TeopHjH HJp<m:eHO je ~JHllllbe!he,IIa"nOCTaBn,eHH CHCTeM Ja liJ60p npe,o;, ce,ll)IliKa Peny6J1HKe, ynope,aHO nOCMaTpilHO, ~COUHpa Ha npe,o;Ce,llHHlfKH MO' Aen nOAene BJlaCnl, Ca jalOfM npe;J;ceAHH~oM':~Jl Me~yrHM, ,IIoca,llalllH>e KOMnapaTHBHO"yCTaBHonpaBHO HCK}'CTBO He}rqH Hac Aa je HenocpeAUH H360p LJ1e¢ia ,IIp:lKaBe HecnojKB COl HHCTHTy:qHoHaJlnO,M no rliKOM napnaMeHTapHOr CH· CTeMa. HHCy JaHeMaplbK.l!Ii yCTaBHH CHeTeMlilKOjH YKOpHCT HenocpeAHo Yl3a6paHor we¢iu Ap)l(iU\e npoKlH1Myjy oBl1awhei;t.a HCKJbYlfHao npOToKonapHor KapaKTepa (Ha npliMep, iiyrapCKa, MaKe,o;on\'1ja). HCTOBpeMeHo, MO>l\7eMO ce nOACe'IlfTH Aa npeACe;J;HHKa CNl 6Hpa eneK1-0pCKH KOJlernjyM. aJlH Aa HeMa HHjf,llHOr, Hone OJ6UlhHHjer, TeOpeTH'Iilpa "oj" 6H OBOj Ap)l(aBH MOraO,IIa ocnO· pH CBOjCTBO aYTeliTIi'lHor npe.o;ceAHH'IKor C~CTeMa. )J;aKJIe. liaKO OJ:\ 3Ha'laja, Ha'iliH lf360pa we¢ia ,IIp)f(aBe HHje eJleMfH1: KOjH 6H npecYAHo Morao Aa yTH'Ie Ha KBilJIli4>HKaL1~Jjy jeAHor CHCTe~la BJlacrH, H.3YJea yKOJllf"O ce OCJlalt>aMO HC, KIb)"lHSO Ha ¢i0pMilJIHe KUpaKTepHCTJIKe npH oApel)HBa!hy it>eroBe npnpO,lle, liTO CBaKaKO Hlije TeoplijcKo onpeAelbelhe nHcua OB}IX pfAosa. Y TOM CM.lC1lY, Ja oApel)HBalbe npaBHe npHpOAe je;J;Hor nleteMa aJlaCTH 0,11 npeTl:>KHHjer je 3Ha'laja ,IIeJlOKpyr OBJlamnelha KojHMa pacnoJlptce llIe¢i ,IIp;.KUBe.
Pa3YMe ce Aa ne Yl3saH Hawer BHAoKpyra oCTaTH OHa OBJlaWnelt>a npeAceAHH"a Peny6nHKe KOja ce TPa,D;HL\HOHallHoinosepaBajy we¢iy Ap;.KaBe. HaUla he naJKlt>a, AalU1e, 6HTtl npBelicTBeHo yCMfpeHa lia aHilJIli3Y OtlHX OBJlaIllnelha we¢iu ;:;plKaBe "oja cy nojeAHHilloJ T~penl'l.apHMa nocnptmJla Kao apryMeHT Ja oCnopasa!he napJlaMeHTapHe nBHpoAf ycnoCTaslloeHor nlCTeMa BnaCTH,)1 Koja npeACTaB1bujy "HJpaJ Hil3a,IImp;. cxaaTUlt>a HTe)Klh1i Ja cnyraBalheM pasMa.'Ca AeMoKpaTcKor nomlnl<{Kor )J{~IBoTa~. m OBJla llIh~tbe npe,IICeAHnKa Peny6mlKe p;a npeW10)f(.1 l>laH,il,aT:lpa 3a (aCTaS BJla,IIe, HaKOn WTO cacny·, wa MHllIlbe!he npe,IICTaBliHKa Ben;IHfY H~POA:HOj cKynwnIHH, ..y nOTnynocTH je y ,ayxy napnaMeHTapHe BJla;J;<lBlIHe-:J .. Taq~o je, YCTaB He 06aBeJyje npe,llce,llliliKa Peny6mlKe ,IIa HP}l HptAJlaralhY KaHA~IAaTa Ja npe,llce,llHHKa Ma,lle HCHollITyje BOIbY napnaMeHTapHe Berume, Mei)ynlM, jacHo je,lla 6n nenpiJ::l:BaTa!he BenHHcKor MHillJbel-ba 6.1no 6eJ H3r11e.o;a JU ycnex, na TaKO H nOnliTtI'lKIi HfCBpC}lCXOAHo. )J;aKlle, OBa((O ¢!OpMyJl}ICanq yCTaBHO pewe!he llH:eMoryhaaa HpeAce,o;Hmal Peny611.1Ke Aa 3U npe1Trmjepa HilMeTHe ml'lHOCT KOjil HeMa nOJlpllIKy HapJlUMeHTapHe BehilHe. 3a pa:muKy OA npeOBna!jyjyner pewelt>a y nonyHpt:~ceAHH'IKliM C.ICTeMIU,la y KOjll!>l<l we¢i ,ap:>K.aBe liMeHyje npet-mjepa, a lia lherOB npeAJlOr ~ OCTilJIe IfnaHOBe BJl<l,af, yyCTaBnoM CHCTeMy Cp6.1je O,ll 1990. BJla;J;a je ,II06HjaJla .IHBeCTHTYPY 0,11 HurOAHe cKynlll1"HHe.
432 An.el<c:lH,Il~p <J>Hpa. EHlI~lUlO/kgui'l y,'U"OHO!llp"O<l 6~16U"U;jyj"""~~<"CKU.~ JeM'ur.o, TO~l
II, Y,ijj<lUHO ~P060 Ptily6"uKf Cp6,Jc u PtiiyiJRUKt; Up"e n'pe. AreHu.Hj~ Map, HOBl! C;IJ.l. 1992.crp. a3. I
433 llaBJlt HKKOJllfh, Ycilio6 Ptuy(lllu,:,' Cp6ujt "[I 1990. [oBu"c ~ '-'P0";JltMU gtAlo.-:p"mUJ<lllU· jt.Op. clt.. crp. 112. :
4H MKO,llpar )08K'Iilh. YCillIJBHll iJo~o»(<Jj llpt9"B,ur"<l Pt,ly(ltU//(e iio ""BOM Ycmoay Cp6,yt. op. cif.. CTp. 56.
300 IIoJl)'iiP'9,t9HU'IKU cUCWt>(
CaMOCianHO OBnaWnetbe cycneHs,KBHor s,aKOHO,l\aBHOr BeTa, no MKllllbe·
Ihy MeKCaH;qpa ¢lHpe, CMaTpace eneMeHTO!rl KapaKTepKCnf'lHHM 3a npe;qce,n
HK'IKH CHCTeM.m Me!)yTHM. He MO)J(e ce nopel'lH ;qa je npaBO cycneH3HBHor
BeTa, KOjHM pacnona)f(e er3 eKYTKBa y o;qHOcyHa 3aKOHe na pnaMeHTa ,alleKBaT
HKje KHCiHTY~HOHaJIHoj norH~K naplIaMeHTapK3Ma KojH 1I0'lHBa Ha r K1l1coj
no,n:enK BnaCiK. Y TOM CMHCTIY. H3BeCHO je ,Ila KpaBO cycneH$HBHOr eeTa KO
jKM paerrOlIa)f(e llle<p ,l\PJKaBe HKje HecnojHBO C rrapnaMeHTapHHM CHCTeMOM.
HCiOBpeMeHO, Keonxo;qHo je HCTal'lH na YCTaB Cp6Hje HKje npe;qBHneo xnanH
q.KKOBa"y BenHHy 3a HOHonHO yCBajalhe oeTKpaHor saKOKa O,l\ CTpaHe naplla·
MeHTa. TaKo npe;qce;qHHK Peny6.rrHKe, KaKO oKBanHq.KKoBaH ..3aKOHO,l\aBHKM
<paKTOpoM",Ul.WO:IKe caMO,l\a ycnopH 3aKoHOnaBHIi npol.lec, anK He H;qa cnpe
'IH yCBajaH>e HeKOr sakOHa. YOCTanOM, y TeopHjn je Beh 6Kno pe'lH 0 ToMe,[\a.
ce OBaxO yCTaHOan.eHO rrpaBO cycneH3HBHor BeTa npH H}'MepK'fXOM KBaHTIl·
<p}fKoaaH>Y lie Bpe,l\Hyje. Pa3YMe ce ;qa nHca~ OBKX pe,l\OBa HeMa HaMepy Aa
OBO npe;qce,l\H}lkOBO oBnawhetbe y nOTrrYHoCTH 06eSBpe,l\K, anH je HCCIIOpHO
Aa OliO y cny'fajy nociojatba CTa6HIlHe HapnaMeHTapHe nenHHe I10CTaje jano
BO 'I He,llenOTBOpHo cpeACTBo 60p6e I1pOTItB HocKol\a 3aKoHo;qaBHe BnaCTK.
Dpe,l\CeAHKK Perry6nl1Ke pacrrona:>Ke K npaaOM ;qHconY~Hje. Me~YTKM, 3a
pa3nKKy- o,n: peUIetha I1pe;qBHl')cHor YcraBOM IIeTe <ppaHLO'CKe PCIlY6nKKe,
npellCe)l;HHK Cp6lije ~O)l(e;QapacnyCTM Hap0,l\HY CKynurTHHy jeAKHo Ha 06pa
3nOlKeHH npep.llor Bna;qe. ,l:(aKne, weeP Ap*aBe He MO:>Ke caMOCTanHo;qa HHH
l\Hpa paCIlYWTalhe npe,l\CTaBHH'lKOr Tena Ben My je caMO oCTaBn.eHa Moryh·
HOCi ,n:a ap6KTpKpa y cYK06y H3Mel)y BI1a,l\e K HapOIiHe cKynWn1He. Ha Taj
Ha'l}lH, 6y;qyhK HeCalrlOCTanHO jep 3aB}/CK o.n; rrpe;qnora BlIaJle, npaBO Ha ;qHCO
nyuHjy lie MO)f(e OUT.I ;qenOTBOpHO cpeAcTBO nonKm'lKe 60p6e nponlB nap
naMeHTapHe Ben;/He cyrrpOTHc I10IlHTK':IKe opKjeHTal\Hje y nepKO,ll,HMa KOxa
6Hi311Hje. Mel)yTltM, DaBne HKKOlllfh CMaipa Aa HpCllce,n:H}rK PeIlY6Jl'KKe
paCHona)l(e HeorpaHH'IeHKM I1paBoM pocnywTaH.a cKynwTHHe, npH '1eM)' ce
He MO)Ke c:MaipaT}! orpaHK'IelbeM Aa TO BpUlK Ha I1peWtor BlIa,ll,e jep je oHa ca
CTaBHH Aeo ef3eKYi~IBe.m He MO)f(e ce ocnopKnr 1\a je Bna;qa cacTaSHH ;qeo
ef3eKyTHBe, ann je aHa OpraH}l.3aQKOHO H <PYHKQI10HaIIHO He3aBHCHa O,l\ npe,n:
Ce1\HHka Peny6l1HKe. YOCTaI10M, 3ap npal!o ,l\KConytlHje H HHje YCiaHOBn.eHo
y KOpHCT er3eKYTilBe Kao npOTKBTeJKa npaBY I1apnaMeHTa,[\a. Ks,rnaca HenOBe
pelhe BI1a;qH, paJlH ycnoCTaBn.atha ekBKnH6pHjylrll!. H3Mel)y ABe rpaHe Bll"acrn
1I0nl1m'lKOr KapaKTepa. AKO ce KMa y BK;Qy 'IHlheHHQa Aa Bna;qa npOK3IIa3H
H3 napnaMeHTapHe BehHHe, jacHo je,n:a OHa y pe;qoBHHM OlCOnHOCTHMa Hehe
K3a3KBaTK pacIlywTatbe Hap0,l\He CKynWTIlHe 6y,l\yhH ;qa Ha TaII:aB Ha'lHH
yrpO)f(aBa H nwjy nonI1TK'IK)' ef3KCTeH~Kjy. Y TOM cMKcny, HeMa ;QilneMe ,na
435 AneKCaHJlJp <fIllpa.. Cp~'Ko-rlPl101op'Ku QPi!9'I!9I1U'IICU Mogel!. y Ailfl.O.HJlap <filipa, .3ailu· C1I 0 QPQ~"OM fJ,OpemKy. Cn)'>ll.i5eHH mleT CPl, EeorplJl, 1996, CTV· 165.
436 MMOJlpar lOBII'IIII'l, op. dt., CTp. 57. 437 naMe Hlll<OlUch. HIlCillIIWyl;uj" u><rlja 9f1JlCQICe y Cp6ujw U fyl(JO/Q6UjU, Ynaall' HMKO
IIvfl, Og paciJQ!J" 90 6tmQ~a v Hagr, op. cil., crp. 120.
Jlt:O ugJJU - fIpa~>la fipupo!Jo O'£UifMQ Mac"," y PTiiy61lUllu Cp6l.1.ju 301
ie npaso pacnyurraH>3 Hap0,llHe cK}'TIWTJlHe, KOjHM paClIOna:lKe rrpeAce,llHKK Peny6nKKe, yCTaHOBl'beHO YJJ;yxy rrapJl3MeWfapHOr CJ1C'feMa.
LIa 31CmBHO yTK'Ie Ha nOJlHTH'IKe rrp0l.\ece y caojoj 3eMJbH npe,llCej:\HKKY
Perry6mfKe He oMoryliaB3 HK npaso Jt3 npe):lJl:l)f(e CY.llHje YCT3BHor cyw., 'H{jH
je 1f36op YHaJVleltmOCTH HapOllHe n:ynwmHe. C 063HpOM Ha To,n;a je $yHKQKja cY:r:lKja YCTaBHor cY.lla CTaJlHa, 6Mhe npeJ\cellHKKa KojK K Hene OliTK y npKmruK Jla 3a BpeMe T'pajatba coor MaHJlaTa KCKopKcTe OBO cBoje npaBO.
Yje,ltHO, npeJlcejJJIKK PellYonKKC rrpK Bpwelby OBor npaoa yaeK he 6KTlf npK
HY~eH Jla B~K pa'l)'Ha 0 pacnono:>Ketby llapnaMeHTapHe BenHHe, 'IKMe je Ibe
roBa cn060Jla npK npeWtari: Ihy KaKJlK,l\aTa 3a cy.Il:Hje YCTaBHOr cy~a 3HaTHO
cy)f(eH3. 11:l"seCHO je, )'KonK~O ce KSy3Me npBoK3a6paHH npeJlCeJlHKK PellY
6nKKe KOjK hc 6Km y I1pKnK~K Jla KCTOBpeMeHO npellnO)f(H CBe CY~Kje YeTaB
Hor cy.na,.n;a HHje,n:aH I10TOlhH llIeq. Ap)f(ane Hehe 6Km y clfTya~KjK ,n:a 6liTHK
jc ym'le Ha caCTaB OI~or opraHa 3a,qy:>KeHOr 3a 3awTKTy YCTaBHOCTIt.
IIpeoCTano je ~a aHanK3HpaMO BaHpeAHa oBnawhetba npe.n;CCjtHlIKa Pe
ny6nKKc Koja cy y TeopHjK Ksa3Bana HajBHwc rroneMHKe K Koja cy rrojejtKHe
rrKCQe HaBeJTa Ha SaKJbY'lak ~a YCTaB Cp6Kje OBOj HHCTKTyulijlf ,l\aje "K.lyseT·
Hy, TaKopenH ~esapKcrK'{kY BnaeT"y..'1 HeMa AlineMe Aa ce OBa yCTaBHa pewe
Iha He MOry aHanHSKpaTH HSBaH APYWTBeHor MHJbea y KOMe cy ,n:OHeTa. HaH
M.e, C 063HPOM Ha CBe HlBecHKjr; pacrraA O:DPT, WTO je HeMl'IHOBHO
npeTIlOCTaB1banO K peWaBatbe cpnCkor Ha~KOHanHornHTatba, cpnCkfr ycra
~JOTBopa~je HacTojao Aa yclloCTaBK ,n:ellOTBopHe yCTaBHe MexaHlnlrre 3a 1\eno
jl3lhe y BaHpCjtHKM "pKIlKkaMa. JacHO je ,n:a B3Hpe.ltHe OKonHoeTU 3alCTeBajy
6PlO pearoaalbe K KOHl\eHTpHCaft:,e ollaCTH, a HajnpKpO,ll}H!je, yje;qHo }I KeM
rrapaTllBtlO Haj}"leCTanKje, jecTe TO,l\a Henoepe;qHo }13a6paH npe,n:ce;qHllK Pe
I1y6nHKe 6Y,lle opraH KOMe ce 1l0oepaBajy IisyseiHa OBnaWnelha. Hecylr!lbKBO
je,n:a naHpe,u:Ha, Kao H cna ;qpyra onllaurhetba Mory6HTlI snoyrroipe6JbeRa. Me
I)yTKM, OCHOBHK saAaUk CBakor YCTaBOnKcl\a je jta, oes KpyTor po60B3lha
noje,l\KHKM TeopnjcKKM rrpeMKcaMa, y ,l\3iOM KCTOplljCKOM KOHiekCiY CTBO
pH WTO ,nenOT'BOpH}!jy opraHKSal\Hjy BnaCiK. 3aiO, 'fyBeIla Mal{CKMa TOMaca
ITejHa (Thomas Paine) ;qa je Haj601l>3 OHa BnaCT y kOjoj "If/ola HajMatbe BnaCTK
MO)l(e 6KTK npKXBahcHa caMO y OKonHOCTHMa ka;qa H}lje yrpO)f(eH OnCTaH:lK
Ha~Kje H pe;qOBHo q.YHKl\HOHUCalbe ft:,eHKX IfHcmTY~Kja. He Tpe6a 3a60pa
BKTH Aa je npellCe,l\HUK Peny6IIHKe Henocpe;qHo 01lrOBOpaH rpal)aH}\Ma 3a Bp
wetbe CBOjKX OBlIawneJt,a. YOCTanoM, YCTaB Cp6Hje HKje HSy3eTaK Ka;:ta je y
mfia)by npoxnaMOBatbC BaHpeA"KX OBJIalllnetb3 y kOpKeT Ilpe~ce;qHKKa PellY
6nKKe jep je jom 1919. BajMapcKK yCTaBOTBOpaq CXBaTKO HeonxoliHocT tbKXO
Bor nocrojatba. IIo,nceTHMo ce.n;a YCTaB ¢lpaH~ycKe jow wKpe nocraBlba BaH
pellHa OBnaWnelha npe;qce,o;HHKa Peny6nKke 3a '1Kje My Bpwelbe HKje nOTpe6aH
npeMaIlOTnKc Bna;qe, WTO HKje Cnpe'iHlIO OBy ;Qp)l(aBy ;Qa KMa Y30paH ;Qe
MOKpa't'cKK 1l0nHTK~KH )f(HBOT. Je;QHHa 3aMepKa Koja 6H ce Morna ynYiKTK
438 Kocn 'lauOilllCM. Tp.~a ]yrfXJlr>6wjr> y /10110/1( yriIltll1llo.1rl pyxy. op. cit., CTp. 119.
303 I nWlXr.pt9't91'1/.~KU Cl/clllf'M302 ;
CpnCKOM YCTaBOTBOPl.\y jecTe TO WTO l- Kje Hpel.l,}{3J.lp~O Ieoje (1I060):le K apaaa
rpaljaHa MOry 6Knt orpaHJ.l'feH:l. apK BprneH>y BaHpeA~KX OBilawneH>a. Ha, ,lJ;HlIeMa Aa mt BaHpe.llH:l. OfllTaumeH>:l. npe,!lCe,RHHKa PenY?llKI(e Cp6Hje yTHpy IlYT
ycnOCTaBlbali>Y llHl[He BlIilCTll. HIm He yntpy oCTaje ~e3 OCHOBa aKa ce "Ma y
BH,IJ;Y 'UitheHHI.1a.na je YBo~elhe B<1HpellHOr CT:l.H>a 6H.BO y HaW1e)t(HOCTH caBe
3He .np)Kaae. IIo,llceTHMo ce):lil. je YcraBOM CPJ 0,/\ 1992. KOMaH):IOB:l.lhe BOjCKOM
lyrocn:l.BHje nOBepeHO BpxOBHOPd C3Bl:Ty O,lJ;6paHe, ):Idle je npOrllaW:l.B;lJi,e POIT
Hor cr;lft>il.. CT:l.H>il. HenocpeAHe paTHl: onaCHOCTH H B<iHpe,lJ;HOr c.alba noaepe·
HO CaBe3Hoj cKynwnlHH ('UlaH 78), DAHOCHO Cane3koj Bnal])'! KiljlJ. Calle3/ia CKynwnwa HHje y MorynHoCTH,IIa ce cacTilHe ('IlHLH'99). ):Iatene, t\OHQwel-heM C:I.Be3HOr YCT:LIla ella oBllilrnneH>il npe,llceAHHKil PenyplIHKe Cp6Hje Be3aHa 3a
PYKoBo~elbc OpyJKal!HM cHaraMa H 3a BaHpt:J{He npK{HlKe npeCTana cy Aa no
cToje carnactlo Ha'leny lex superior derogat inledori'p9 Y1naK, 6e3 o63Hpa Ha
npecTaHaK BaJKeH>a OBHX YCTaBH}IX HOp..IH, CMaTpaM~ Aa BaHpeAHa oBnarnne
H>a He cMejy 6}ITH peTa y 063Hp npll otlpel)}IBaJi,y npupotle jeAHor OICTeMa
Blla(TH 6ytlyn}J Aa je y CTalbY AplKaBHe HyJKAe cnac ooral,l6HHe He caMO BpXOB
HH Ben H jep;HH}1 3aKOH. TeopeTwlapeycTaBHor npaBa, npe CBera, Tpe6a Aa 3a
HHMa tlelloKpyr peAOBHW, yCTaBmL't OBllalllneH>a rneqia AplKaBe'H 4JYHKI.1}IOHK
cil.H>e cKCTeMa Bl'laCTK y pellOBHHM OKOllHOCTKMa. I , .
HBnOOleTKY. Tpe6a Aa OTKllomlMO tlKl'leMy Aa llt' Je ~!(TOIBOTBOpal.1, C 06
3KpOM Ha yCTaBHonpaBHK nOllOJKaj npeACe,!lHHKa feny;Smue, a npe CBera
HMajynH y BHtly tlelloKPyr H>erOBHlt: Ha,lI,lleJKKOCTH, q:po;lycTioIO tla npeABtlAtl
HHcTHTyT npeManoTnKca BllaAe Hml HHje. KaKO ce Ha tl0C;tAarnli>er HJlIaraH>a
MO}/(C 3aKlbYl(HTH, npe,llCetlH,JK PeHy611HKe y Bprneli.y CBOjHJC HaAllelKHOCTlf
ClI( <lKT( tlOHOnl caMocrallHo, }J3Y3(B UJTO HeKe Otl nix aKaTa tlOHOCH Ha o6pa
3llOlKeH npeWlOr Bl'lap;e uml no Hp~J6aBJbeHo"l r..mwlbeIi>Y npeACetlmJKa BlIa
Ae. YCTaBHa oApetl6a 0 oAroBopHocnl npeACe,!lHUKa Feny6IIHKe jeAHHo 3a Kp
W(H>e YCTaBa, no pC'Iu"lil. MHOtlpJ.ra fOllwluna, dBeAOl(U 0 HenocTojali>y
H>erOBe 1l0IHlTHl(Ke oAroBopHocTIot, WTO je "jorn jeAqH OA yraoHHx KaMeHOBa
yrpa~eHllx y Te"lelbe 3rpatle 'jaKor npeAce,n,HIlKa'''.~.j[ITalJ.Ho je f-\Ol je nOI'lHTMl(Ka, HeOtlrOBOpHoCT rne4Ja ApJKaBe y tlyxy naplIUMcHTapljlor OICTeMa, ;IllK je 3aTO,
HO MHUllbelhY OBor mlCl\a, Tpe6al'l0 npeABHtleTH HHqTllTYT npeManOTllHCa Ha
OCHOBy Kora 6llll/lap;a npepHMill'la nOI'lHTKlJ.Ky OArO/JopHoCT 3a CBe npetlce,l\
JHlKOBe aKTe. Yje,n,KO, cMaTpa)oBH'Itln, HenocToj aH>e HHCTHTFa HpeManoTllH
COl npep;CTaBJba CHaJKaH apry..reHT y npKnor Cx.BaTaHly 0 nocToj~ li>y MernOBH
Tor, nOlpllaMeHTapHo-npeP;Ce,!lHHlJ.KOr CHCTeMa no TaAarnH>eM CpHCKOM
YCTaBy.~~1 IIop;ceTKMO ce ,0,01 je HHCTHTyT npeManotmK3 HaCTao y OKpJlJbY
yCTaBHe napl'laMeHTapHe MOHilpMJje y Kojojje MOHapxa, 3aTO rnTO HHjepaCno-I
l'IarJ.o peOlIIHHM HOllHTHl(nJM nemTIlMJITeTOM, Tpe6a~0 OrpaHHl(KTJI y BprneH>y
, 439 BMAeTll: PilTKO Mapl<OaOlh, Y"Jj~6M~ CrPQ60 U uQlluliiu'<ItF uMcUluliiyllujt, up. ~il., ctp.
252-253. 440 Mllo)1pn /OBII'IMI:I, up. cit., ~"Tp. 64. 401.1 Mlloli:p",r /OBII'I)lh, op. cit., erp. 63.
lIto cegAlu - nprl6MII upufXlga (ucll:le.\I(J 6Jlaclllu y Peuy6nuu,u Cp6uju
li>erOB¥iX OBllarnneH>a. Ca nOTnKCHBaH>eM "IOHapxoBHX ilKaTa Bnalla je, Kao , opraH ca peallHHM nonHTH'iKHM lIernTIIMHreTOM 3aCHOBilllKM Ha nOApUUJ;K
HOIpllaMeHTapHe BenHHe, Ka ce6e npeYJI1M alI\l nOnKTH'IKy oArosopKoCT. IIpe,Il'
ceAKKK Peny6llHKe, Ka OCKOBy YCTJ.Ba OA 199:0, KenOCpetlHO je oAroBopJ.1l rpa.
1)aHI1Ma KOjH cy ra Ka Ty 4JyHKI.1Kjy K3a6pil,nl1, a OCHOBKH CMHcao yCTaHoDe
npeMaIloTnHca jecTe Aa rne4J Ap)t[aBe, KOjl1 Hlije HcnocpeAHo oAroBopaK, npe
KO Bl'la,lle nocnrne nocpeAHO oAroBopaK. YfHCTHTyT npeManOTJlJlCa npetleeA'
HKKa Peny6IIHKe y'iKHHO 6H JaBKCHI1M Otl ~ sna,l\e, 360r l(era 6H OK nOCTao
cBojeBpcHH lt360pHH MOHOIpX KOjK je CUMO MOMHHanH~1 HOCHnaI.1 yCTaDHIU
OBnarnneli>a. IIpe,o,ce,l\KIlK Peny6IIKKe, B,DI<He je HCTan}l, He pacnoniDKe etj>eK
THBHHM OBlIaWne./bI1"Ia y OKBKpy K3BpUlHe B{IaCTK Ma OCHOBy KOjHX 6Jl aKTIIB'
HO MoraD,lta ynll(e Ha nOnHTK'IKe npOl\cce Deb pnCnolla,Ke npeTeJKKO ap6}1
Tpn)t[HHJ>I oBllJ.Wneli>KMa Koja J\IY oMoryna,Bajy Aa YCKJla~yjc ASe aKT}lBHe
BlIaCTH, B!laAY K napllJ.MeHT. JaCKO je Aa ne ry CBOjy tj>yHKl\Hjy I>IOAepaTopKe
BllaCTK npeACe,l\HHK Peny6nHKe "lOn~l Aa 06aBlha ~leKlhY"lI1I\O .11,0 je KeJ;lBK
caH OA Bnatle. Hu Taj Hal(MH, HeCy"lH>tIBo je ',1\.1 6K KnCTI1TyT npe"lanOTnKca
rpy60 npOTHBpe'rHO KOHI.\eHTy we4JiI AP)t[J, Be ap 6Ktpil KOjy je yCTaBoTDOpal\
tlOl\eIIKO npeAcetlHHKy Peny6mlKe.
Y Harnoj nHTepaTypH He nOCTojl1 carnaSHOCT 0 npaBKoj npHpOA}1 Ycn
BOM Otl1990. ycnOCTaBlheHor OICTCMa BllaCTH, TaKo ce 0 H>e"IY rOBopK Kao
o ..x116PHAHOM npeACe./lH~I'iKOM cKcTeMy"""1 ....leUlOBKTOM pernelhy y KOMe
npeOBlIiIAaBajy elIeMeHTIoI npe,l\ceAHKl(l(or 1ti0Aena",W ..MernOBHTOM naplla
"IeHTapH 0- npetlCeAH ,1'1KOM cHeTeM y'~«. "KB a3}lnapnaMeHTapHOM C~ICTeMy
ca H3pa3~lro./lO..IHHaHTHOM n0311l\~ljO"1 npeA'Cel:lHHKa Peny6mIKe~""1l "nap
lIaMeHHlpK3MY y pal\KOHaIIH30BaHO..1 06m~I[y"!"· CTIoll(e ce YTiolcaK Aa ee
HaWK TeOpeTHl(apH carnarnaBajy ca..10 y TOMe Aa YCTaBO..l OA 1990. mlje, yCTaHoBn.eH y CBO"I '1HCTOM TeopHjcKO"J D6~KKY HHjellaH OA ABa TpaAHl\}I
OHanHa CHCTe..la nO,l\elIe BnaCTJI. HeMOl A~JlleMe tla OBHM yCTaBoM Cp6Hja
KHje A06~llIa npe,l\Ce,l\H~Il(KHOICTeM BlIacTioI. flocTojalhc BlIaAe ca caMOCTan
HHM tlelloKpyrO,,1 HOl.o;lIe)t[HOCTIoI, nOII~ITKl(KJH oArosopHe HapoAHoj Cfqn
rnTHHK, Koja je npll TOM OpraHH3aI.1.10HO H ,4JYHKI.1HOHJ.IIHO He3aBHCHa OA
npeAceAHHKa Peny6mlKe, cnpel(aBa Hac Aa !iHcnITYI.1JIOHanHI1 OKSUp Cp.
6Jlje CBpCTaMO y KilTeropHjy npeAceAHK'IK}[X CHCTeMa. ,OaKlIe, C 063l'1pO"1
Hil TpHXOTOMHjy CIlCTeMJ. nOAelle BlIacnl yCDojeHe y ODOM paAy, npeocTilje
HaM Aa CHCTeM BlIaCTH Cp6Hje cBpcTaMo y K~TeropHjy nOlIynpel\CClIHHl(KOr
Itml nOlpllaMeKTapHor CHCTeMa.
, ;[42 Ko~'T~ '1~BOllJl(ll,1'J1'tfl<l JyIOCll(J6U/11 Y H""O,", xn1ia6t10H p,.~y, op. cll., ~"Tp. 121. 443 A!leKnK/i:ap 4>JlP~, CpUCKo-l;/JMorop" .." {jpt'!J"'!JMU'fKU Hogell, op. cil.• eTp. 163. 4;[.1 MjJOLlPar JOBIl'lllh: nOpJlUJ>ltMWapMIl ,,,,wr.,. '1a<'yiiplJiU Upe9"gHU,<ItO.\l U cKJlllllfijllM_
CIUl.lo< cuciUe",y, op. cit" erp. 38. i 401.5 [laBile HHKonMh, n'lpJlQAII!MlIIapUJ,lA' 1/ 'UCai~M 6JlacllJu y JyIOC!1<I8IljUgQMQC, YflaDne HH'
KOJIllh, 09 paCliC/glI go 6eJHllb'j II H,'ge, op. cit" CTp. ,157. 446 PnTl<O M~pI(Olilih. npcgio80p, y Yciii<l6 Pelly6!1/l1'1! Cpullje, CUBpoleHu ;I,lIMMHUCTpaLl"'ja,
199,2, cTp.lIl.
304 305 nOllyl1pe9Cl9NU~I(U CUCmeM
.uocaAann~a 3MaJlK33 HHCTKryUHOHanHOr OKBKpa Cp6Kje 011 1990, a K
pe"!K Jberosor KpeaTopa PaTKa MapKOBHha,+l1 H3Bo;qe Ha 33KJh)"laK Ila je
OCHoBHa HaMepa cpncKor ycraBOTBOpI..\a 6H1Ia AD 011 npe;qceAKHK3 Peny6J1KKf
CTaOP" Mo;qepaTopny DII3CT. "ojl-! ceojuM He33BKCHKM YCT3BHonpaBHKM no· no)t(ajeM TPe6a ;qa o6es6e,lVf paBH01'e?K}' YMeX3HK3MY BJl3CTIol. HaMMe, KaKO
C3BpeMenH napnaMeHTapH3aM O,lvufKyje .n:OMHHaI..\Hja BJl3;qe H3,Q napn3MeH
TOM, HeOJr.(o;qHo je KQHcTMTyllcaJbe je;J;lwr opraHa KOj" he Ha npKHLJ;ltny Henapn3MeHTapHe enexyTKlle 6KTH opraHH3al.lHOHO H epYHKllKOHaJlHO He33SH
caH OAJ:lpyra ,!IDa, Ben nOMeHyT3, L\eliTpallHa optaH3 enaCTK. 3aTO je npeABH~eH
Henocpe,Q3H H360p npegce;qHHKa Peny6nHKe 0)]; c-rpaHe rpatj3H3, 'n/Me OK 1106Hja CaMOCT3110lH nOIlKTH'OCH nerKTKMKTeT KCTOBeTaH OHOM KOjHM pacnona
)ICe If napnaMeHT Kao onWTenpe.r:\CTaBHH'I'KO TellO. Pa3MI'lHTa ,IlYlKKHa MaH,Ila
ra np~cegHHKa Peny6nKKe K HapO,i:lHHX nOCllaHHKa CBe,i:lO'lH 0 HaMepH
ycranoTBopUti ,i:la Kp03 KHCTHrytt;HjY'UIe<ptI ,i:lplKaB': 06e36e.!fH KOHTlIHy1iTeT
BnaCTH npM K360py ,i:lpyrK-'( opraHa BlltlCTK, Bna,i:le K HapnaMema. .D;a je yCTa
BOTBOpaU npegce/lHnKy Peny611HKe KaMeHIfO HCKJh)"l'IfBO YllOIJ" MO,ll,epaTOp
He BnaCTlf CBe,i:lO'l'n 1I/leJ1'0Kpyr JberOBHX oBnaw!letha. AKO ce 3aHeMape BaH
pe/lHa oflJlawheJba. Koja cy KHa'l'e K HpeCTana,i:la nocToje ,i:lOHOWetheM YCTaBa
CP1 o,i:l1992. K Koja cy 6HlIa nocne.r:\lfua cneUH<pH'IHHX HCTOpHjCXKX OKOllHO'
CTKy KojKMace Peny6nKKa Cp6Kja HaJra3Hna. np~Ce,i:lHKKPeny6nKKe He pac
, nOll3JKe e<peKTKDHOM Bnawhy. IIpK pe,i:lOaHOM 4!YHKUKOHHCathy YCTaDtlor eM
creMa. npe,i:lCe,llHHK Peny611KKe He pacnonil>Ke oallawli.ethHMa Koja 6K w.y oMoIJ"hHlIa lla 3Ha'l'ajtlo ynl'l'e Ha CBaKO,llHeaHe nOnKTM'I'Ke npouece. Caoje
npaao llKconYu1ije npe,llCe,llHKK Peny611lfKe He MOlKe cBojea01bHO,i:la KOpHCTK
6YllyhH Aa w.y je 3a pacnyrnTathe Hap0,i:lHe CKynWTKHe HeOnXOlli1H 06pa3no
)t(eH npf:,I7,JIor BnaAe,lloK ce 3a nonoaHo ycaajatt.e BCTHpaHor 3aKOHa He Tpa
JKH noce6Ha. KB<lml4!KKOBaHa napllaMeHTapHa aehlfHa. .D;a je ycTaBoTBopaU
6KO WKpT npeMa npe,llCellHHKY Peny6nHKe MOry tlOCBe/lO'l'KTK HHCTKTyUHO
Ha1lKa peu1etha llPyntX nOCTKOMyKIfCTK'I'KKX 3eMa.Jb3. tla oCMoay KOjHX weq,
Ap",aBe paCnolltJ:ll(e ., npaaOM KMeHOaalt>a K on03Kaa npeM.ltjepa, npaaoM
np~ce.ll<laaJba Ce,llH~IUaMa anaAe, npaBoM 3il.KOHO,i:laaHe HHKuKjaTKBe, "pa
BOM C<l3HaaJba BaHpe,i:lKKX CeJlHIfUa napnaMeHTa, jil.'1IfM npaBoM cycneH3KB"
Kor Ben, np<lBOM Ha pacnHCKBaJbe pe4!epeHAYMa,CilMOCTallHKM npaJl,OM AH
COIt}'UKje. caMoCTallHHM Bol)elt>eM cnolhHe nOllKTKKe KT,i:l. 3aHHM1bIfBO je l' oaOM KOKTeKC1')' nOMeHYTK K KHCTKT)'QIfOHallHa pemeJba IleTe q,paHQYCKe
peny611KKe Ha oCKony kojHX ce, HHje npeTepaKO pehH, meq, ,Ilp»::ane nojaB1by
je K KaO npaBH llleq, Bna}\e 6YllytiK,Il,a npe,i:lce,llaaa ce,llHHUaMa MHHHCTapCKCIt
CilBe'l'a H nOTIlHcyje op,llOHaHCe If ,Il,eKpeTe yCBojeHe y OBOM TellY, UITO 3Ha'l'K
Ail )"Ieerayje y ,Il,OKOlllethy n01l3aKOKcKHX aKara.
i, YCTaBKa OBnawli.ett.a KojHMa pacnonne He oMoryhaBajy Hpe.n:ce/lHHKY
-yeny6nHKe Cp6Kje,lla 3a/l06Kje aKTKBH)' ytI0IJ"y OKBKpy eI'3exynme. HMajyli.H
447 BlflleTI: PaneD MDpIl:Dlllh. nprglolop, op. cit., CTp. IV.
)lro UgMIl - npOllfO ~p"pogo cuciiirMO MQclTlu y Pffiy6Jlu'IU Cp6"jll
YBIf,l{y llen:OKpyrYCTaBHKXOBnaUlheJba npeAC~HHKa Peny6nlfKe, a .1 H3pK'IH'
TO YCTaBHO peweJbe Koje npeABlfl)a Aa Bna.r:\a BOAK nOnKTlHcy Peny6IIHKe Cp
6Hje, HellBOCMHCJIeno ce MO)t(e 3aKJh)"l'Klil ,Il,a je yCTaBoTBopaU rnpallo thoj
,IlO,llellKO yn0IJ"eq,eKTKBHOr K OHepaTKBHor .n:ena enelC)"TKBe. Ilpe.n:ce;tHKK Pe
ny6nHKe He paCllonIDU cpe,ll,CTBKMa Ha OCHOBy KOjlO: 6'1 MOcaO,i:la ynt'le}la
pall analle. l'beM:.r je, ,ll;aKne./lO,ll;elbeHa ynora naCHBH()T /lena enelC)"THBe, KOjK
ap6KTplfpa H3Meijy Bna,i:le 'I HapO,[l.He cxynWTKHe, WTO ce llewaBa caMO l' H3Y
3eTKO peTK}lM cMTyaUHjaMa JbHXOBOr cyK06a. C JrPyre cTpaHe, Hl:IpOll}la CICy11_
WTKHa pacnonbl:e HeOKpthe}lOM saKoHOllaBHOM Bnawhy, WMpOKO npOK.,'taMo
Jl,aHOM H360pKOM epylUc.n;lfjoM, Kao 'I BeOMa 3Ha'l'ajHliM OBnawheJbHMa
nOIlHTH'I'Kor KapaKTepa. HCTOBpeMeHO, OCHM Tora IIITO 6Mpa 'I pa3pewaBa
allallY, Hap0,llHa cK}'TIWlilHa Mo)t(e,lla nOKpeHe nocTynaK on03KBa npegce,i:l
KHKa Peny6nlfKe }'KonHKo je OH CBOjMM aKTKMa nOBpe.n:Ko YCTaB. Ha oCHoay
CBera H3pe'leHOr, HKie HpeTepaHO pellK ,i:la je Cp6Kja 1990. 1l06Hna, 3l:1 (}H.n:3
WJbe nplfnKKe, jell<lH A06po H36anaHcHp3H CHCTeM B1It1CTK y KOMe HKje.n:aH or ueHrpallHKX opraHa MaCTK Ka oCHoay YCTaBHKX oBnawtiett.a Hlfje Morao ga
,ll;OMMHHpaHOllKTK"lKHM CHCTeMOM. HeMa ,ll;HneMe,ll;a je ca'ljBana liHCTHT)'llH"
OHanHa nOI'HKa nap1IaMemapK3Ma, 6Y,ll;yhK,II;a je 3a weq,a ,ll;p»::aBe pe~epBHC;;\
Ha HCKJh)"l'KBO naCMBHa ynora y OKBHpy etJeKynme. Be3 063Kpa H3 TO IIITO ce
no HeKKM CBOjHM 06eneJlt(jKMa y,qalhyje Oll H3BopHor necTMMHCTepcKOr napn3
MeHTapI(3Ma, opraHH3aQltja BnaClil Cp6Hje no OBOM ycrany HHje 3aKOpa'lHna
y oxpMn.e nOJrYnpe,ll;Ce,i:lHH'IKOr CKCTeMa. Y TOM CM}lCny, KaKO je TaKBO MH
WJDeJbe HajMathe npHcyrHo l' Hawoj TeopKjH, 6e3pe3epBHO CM<lTpat.lO lla je
YCTaB Cp6Kje 0ll 1990. ycnocTaBKO napnaMeHrapHIf CHaeM BJI3CTK, pa3Yl>le
ce, ypaUHoHanH30BaH(}M 06nHKy 6y,ll;yhH lla je He3aJ.HI'CnUBO Aa y je,i:lHoj nOCT'
KOMYHMCTH'I'KOj 3eMlbK ca Hecra6H1IH IfM 'I BHCOKoepp<lrMeHTHcaHHM CTpaH<l'l_
KKM CHCTeMOM OJl,aj HHCTKTYQHOHanHn M(}llell epYHKU.IOHKwe n() }Iajnp(}cTil
~ opcaHH3aLlMoJloj cxeMK Kao l' CBOjOj OCTpBCKOj KoneBUH.
nOllHTH'lKa npaxca Cp6lfje. - BHwe je pl:l3noca 3a TO WTO je 6HJIO He(}n
XOAHO Ha. nplfMepy Cp6Hje OACTynKTK 0,11; HpKXBaheHor TeoplijcKor onpellelhe
Jba lla ce I1pMpO,ll;a CKCTeMa BnaC11f He oApe~yje KCKlhY'IHBO Ha OCHOBy HopMa
THBHe aH311H3e yCTaaHor TeKCTa Beh, npe cBera. Ha OCHOBy ",erOBor
OTenOBlbeJba l' npilKcH Ii epaKTH'IKOr BpweJ-ba nOnIfTH'I'Ke Bl!acrn. TIpBe}lCTne
HO, CJl,e BpeMe HpHMeHe YCllBa 0,11; 1990. Cp6Hja je 61oln<l cYO'leKa ca pelllaBl:I
JbeM Jql)t(aBHor nmaJba. HaKo Henocpe.n:Ho HHje Y'leCTlIOBl:IJla y paTOBHMa Ha
my 6HBWlO: peny6nHKa ClIlPJ. cy,ll6KHa npeKOJIpHHCKHX CYHapO.!fH.'K3 6Hna
je maBHa nonHTK'I'Ka TeMa l' Cp6HjK CBe,l40 OKOH'I<llha 0P}')K3HKX cyK06a. Ha
KOH OKOH'I'aJba rpal)aHcKHx paToBa l' XpBaTcKoj H BocHK K XepueroBKHK 1995.
an6aHCKa H~KoHanHa Ml:Itt.MHa H<l KocoJl,y K Mero::rnjl'l KpcHyna je y 6ecKoM
npOMKCHO H HaCHJI}JO oCTBapKBlUbe clIOjKX BKWe,ll;el.leHujcKHx cel.leCHOHK
CTIi'l'Kl1X HaCTojatt.a. HanoClIen:y, HKje 3aHeMapJDKBO TO,ll;a je nO'lCTaK XXI
BeKa ca C060M AOKeo lol HeH3aeCHOCT y norn~ OneTaHXa 3aje,o;HJ«'1Ke Jlp:A<aBe
ca UpHOM fopOM, IlITO je Cilll(Q ,ll;OllaTHO VClIOJKlt>aBanO KOHaKO KOMnnKKnRlIl{"
306 I, nV"y~pt9U9J'1U~"" _IlCWU. Jl(Q crg"''' - ITp"6IUI UPIlP<l9<l 'LI,iilt.\lQ 8l1U,iilu y PeUYWzUllll Cp6uju 307 ,
nOJIHTWiKe npHIlKKe y Cp6HjH. HcryHillbeM U;prre rOp~ I'IJ ApIK;lSHe Jaje,artH4e 2006. AplKaBHO nKtillbe y Cp6KjK HHje KOHa'iHO pellle~o jep je cYA6KH<l Koeoail If MeTOXHje H .IlaJbe HeH3BeCHil H YpyKaMil Mel))'HapbAHe JiljeAHHl\e. YKOIUI
KO cy HOmiT",iKH HpOl\eCK y je,o;HOj 3elvUMI HenpeCTilKO oHTepelieHH pewaBa
lbeM Ap:lKaBHOr K HilqKoHilJIHOr nHTalba, KOHilKO :KpXJOf If HecTa6KIlHH
AeMoKpaTcKH nopeA3K KOjK ce Kilnil3K y Hpollecy Tp.1H3lfulfje He MOJKe 6111H KOHCOJIK.!IOBilH. Ha Taj Hil'iHH, HpHXBaTaMO MKWlbeH>e lxyaHa JIHHUil H Anq,pe
Ail CTenaHa, KOj" He,r:\BocMHcneKo JrcrH'iy Ail je KOHCoiIlIAOaOlH>e je,nHor AeMo·
KpilTcKor CHCTeMa Morylie KCKlbY'nfBo yx011HKO je pelllrHO IlPJKilSHO nHTillbel-lf
6YAYI'11'1 Ail cy "HeKH Ha'iHHH pe3peWaBa:ba np06neMa ApIKaBHocTH, caM,1 no
ce6H, HHKOMHaTH6HnHH ca AeMoKpaTHjo,"i':m ..llITo j~ BeI'm npou,eHaT Jl>yAH
HaAaToj TepHTOpHjH KOjH oceliajy Aa He mene Aa rrpHn;1Aajy oApet)eHoj Tepmo
pHjanHoj jeA,lHHu,n", KaKO rrHWy OBa ,lJ,BojHu,a TeOpeTH-lapa, .....TO jeTe.:>Ke }"lDP
CTHTH 6uno KaKBy .l\elrlOKpantjy y OKDHpy TaKBe je,o.UH~lu,e".~·"" Met,JYTH"I, OCllM
OBor rnaDHor, nOCToje ,I .l\pyn! pa3n03H KOjH 06jawlha*ajy 360r 'iera nOnHnl'i-·
K,I m~laOT HHCTUTyu,HOHaIlHor OKB'lpa HHje y cTalhy Aa, npHnOMorHe y O.l\pet)H
BalbY npHpOAe, YCTaaoM 0.1\1990, YCHoCTaBJl>eHor CHCreMa Bnacnl. WecHaeCT
rO.l\'lHa npHMeHe je.l\HOr yCTaBHor CHCTeMa HCyBHwe ~e KpaTaK He.?'IOA Aa 6K
ce, y aM6HjeHTy 6ypHtlX HOntITK'iKHX .l\ewaaalba, "lomF yCTaHoBK·;}1 oApet,JeHe
HpaBHIlHocTH y therODOM 1JYHKI.\HOHHcaIhY. nODpX c~era Tora, aKO anam13a
tlHCTHryu,HOHanHH.X pewelha Mome 6HTtI nOTHyHO 06j~KTHB}la, aHanH3a nom'!
nl'iKor IKtlBOTa 'itljH CMO Herrocpe,o.HH CBeAOutl 6KIlK TO CBa>:aKO He MOiKe 6K
Ttl. Ha}JMe, 0 Typ6yneHTHtIM nOnHnl'iKHM rleWaDalhH~laHaKOH 1990, 360r He
nocTojalha Heon.XOAHe KP~ITH'iKe Aw.:TaHl.\e, HeMoryoe ~e nOTnyHo 06jeKTKBHo
pacyt,JtIBanl. YnpaDo 360r Tora Hajflelitl 6poj HaWKX TFopeTH'iapa cprret.:y HO
nl-lTH'IKy cnapHocT aHOInHJHpa C~alrIH() npHCTpacHo, ppHKa3yjyli'1 je H3pasH
.0 .l\aJlTOHtICnl'lKJ.I, i1C"Jl>Y'l~IBO y j:lBe 60je, y L\pHOj HIPYIKII'iacnj. TaKaB HC, . Kp~lfllbeHtl II orpaHtl'leHH nornej:l HJ CfleT He 6H 6~w j:lqCTOJ'lH OBora paj:la 360r
'Iera je HeonxoAHo ca'ieKanl.l\a npot)e jow 'ItlTaB HU3 ~Oj:lHHa j:la 61-1 ce a M~mynOM, BeOMa OCeTlbl-lBOM nOmITIt'iKOM pa3j:l06Jl>Y, HpOr?BOp'lIlO HenpHcTpacHO
H 6e3 CYBtlWH~Ul eMOl.\~lja. Met,JynlM, TO He 3Ha'iII.I\a .l\OCaAalhlbl-l rrocTKo"lyBH
CTH'IKH HOIlKTiI'IK;1 iKHflOT Cp6uje Tpe6a j:la 6Y.l\e y rlOTHyHOCTH 3aHeMapeH.
Hallponifl. Heorur.Oj:lHO je, 6e3 ;13HOUIelha Bpe,o.HOCHid:: CYj:lOBU, caMO rrOMeHy
TH Hajylle'laTfbHflltje j:leTafbe H3 HOnHTtI'iKOr )f(H.BOTaIHaWe 3eMfbe Kojn "lory
caMO AOAaTHO j:la nOTKpeHe llpeT:tOAHo tl3HeTY Te3Y Aa je YCTaBOM 0.1\ 1990.
YCTaHoflfbeH J~aH 06mlK pal.\lolOHamt30Darror napmu'leHTaptJ3Ma. , HMajyhlt y fI~lj:ly OAHoce y OKfltlPY erseKYTHDe, rrqIlHTII'iKU ,KKBOT Cp6H
je HaKOH AOHowetba YCTaaa OA 1990. MOIKe ce nOAen;ITH y .l\Ba, BpeMeHCKU ro
TOllO H.I\eHTH'iHa, nep;loAa, a rpaHH'IHy Ta'iKy rrpel;lCTaBlba 1?97. rOAHHa. ,
443 B"lIeTH: XpH RUKl.\, Anq.llell CreH:l.H, .a";WOKP<lIlJ~""1oI 1IiP.IIJuL1uja II ,,"""QIICWl~9~1l1tftl, ..¢>ilnlln BHWHoIJh", 6eorp:I,/l" [998, <"lp. 20. ,
,
449 Xyall RilHl\, Antt>P<::l C«naK, (Jp dr., <TIl. 48. 450 XyaH R"Hl\. Anq,pell CunaK, (Jp. -it. CTp. 45.
npBH nepHoli je o6ene)/(ltna .l\OlrIHHaI.\Hja npe.o;¢eAHHKa Peny6nHKe KaKO yer3e
tcyTKBH TaKO K Y OKBltpy uenOK}'TIHor nOnHTI/'iKOr cHcreMa. Met,J}'1'KM, CBOjy
.lI0lrIHH;lHnly Il03KUltjy Taj\awlbH npe.llce.l\rrHKjCp6Hje CIl060.llaH MHnoweBAA
(1990"':1997) HHje 3a.ll06HO KopHwhelbeM YCTi[LBHHX oDnarnlielba, Deli je CBOjy
nonHTIt'iKy MOO l\pnao K3 6e3ycnoBHe nOApw~e napnaMeHTapHe BeOJoUle, KOjoj
je OH 61t0 HenpltKOCHOfleH nH.JJ;ep. Bna.llajyha GOUHjamtCTK'lKa napTKja Cp6Hje ;t360pHe ycnexe 3aCHltBana je Ha rrorrynapHOCT~ CBor npe.o;ce.llHHKa, lUTO ce MO
lICe HTr)'CTpOBaTH 'IltlbeHKUOM Aa je CIl060.l\aH ¥wIoweBHo Ha npeAce.llHH'IKHM
K360pltM3 yaeK Ao6Hjao 3HaTHO BHwe macoBa! OA cBoje cTpaHKe Ha napnaMeH
TapHHM 1t360p~IMa.~' )J;aKlle, KaKO HcTH'ie CIl~60AaH AHTOH"O, HHje c-rpaHKa
6M3 Ta Koja je ;lcTHl\alla CBor npDaKa H OABoAMa ra AO H360pHe no6e.o;e, lleo
06pHyTO, npBaK je 6HO Taj KOj'l je HCTHL\ao cTpaKKy 'I oMoryliaBao joj BeliKHy
y napnaMeHTy.m TaKfle nOnHTH'iKe OKonHOCTH!CY oMoryliHne nOMepalbe Te)I(H
WTa flnaL,H Ka er3eryTHBH. nope.ll Tora, Ha 'ienr Bna.l\e 6Hne cy nK'iHOCTH CUpa
rynJH 3elleHoaHh, Paj\o"laH EOiKODHO, HHKon<\ lllaHHODHIi H MKpKO MapjaHo
B"O) Koje, HMajyhH y aMy H,J1XOB cKpOMaH! nOmfTH'iKii yme.ll 'I nO.l\pet,JeH
CTpaHa'iKI1 cTaryc, HHey 6HIley npHnHL\HA<\ OKplbe rrpe,llCe,l:\HHKoay nOmITH'I, Ky Man H .lIOBf.llY YIltrralbe thereBy AOMHHaHT~yn03HU"jy y ycraaHoM C;Jere
MY, Bna.lle cy, KaKO je nHcao 10BH'iHIi, ,IMane caMo yllory "TpaHeMHCHOHor KaH
wa" H3Met)y HpeAce,o.H;lKa Perry6nHKe 'I napnaMeHTa.~IJnpH TaKBoj paenOAellH
nOnKTH'lKe "lonH napJ1aMeHT je nOCTao caMOlnacKBHH nOCMaTpa'i nOmlTH'I
KKX npoueca Koje je yCMepaaalla er3eKynlBa, 3~rrpaflO je.l\aH lbeK .lIeo, npe,o.ee.o;
HKK Peny6mlKe. DBa KOHCTaTaL\Hja ce MO)f(e ~nYCTpOBaTK 'i,ltheH"UOM .l\a je
BnaAa f1HHL\Hpana 'iaK 95 0ACTO 3aKOHa Koje je (fCBOjHO napnaMeHT y ea3}IBY 0.1\
1992. AO 1996. HHje 3aHeMapJbflBO HanO/>leHY11U H 'iHlbeH"JJ;y Aa je napnaMeHT
BnaAHHe npe.l\nore 3aKOHa 'ieCTO yCllajao 6e3 :HKaKlle pacHpafle, na je OCTano
3a6elle)f(eHO KaKO je Ha 3ace.o;alby OA ZO. MapTa' 1996. 3a caMO je.o;aH caT yeBoje
HO .lIeDeT 3aKOHa H H3MeHa 3aKOHa.·;..o Y1CToflp~MeHO, penanlBHO cna6 cycneH
3HBHn BeTO KOjHM je pacnollarao npe,ace.o;H>lK Peny6mlKe y npaKcH je TpaH
Cq,opMHcaH y anconyTHH. Ha'lMe, 6Hno je cny'iajeBa lla fleTHpaHH 3aKOHU Htley
HaKHa,ll;HO WHeTH Ha nOHOflHO macathe, HaKo je nOCTojana 06aBe3a npeAce.llHH
Ka HapOAHe cKynwTHHe Aa TaKaB 3aKOH craBI'I Ha ANeBRH pe.o; npBe Hape.o;He
eeAHHJJ;e Hap0.llHe cKynWT'lHe. AKO ee tlMa y B~.lIY 'iHlbeHHua Aa cy H npe.o;eell
mlU;1 HapOAHe CKyrrwTHHe 6KJlH rrptmaAHHU'1'I BnaAajyne 1t0J1HTK'IKe cTpaH
Ke, jaeHo je JJ,aje nocTojao nOmlnl'lKtl AorOBop ca npe.llceAltl'lKOM Peny6nKKe.
KaKO jeTo JOBH'iHO HCTaKao, Aa ce BeTHpaHI'I 3~KOHH HaKtlanH'IM HeyllpUiTaBa
theM y .l\HeBH}l pe.o; ce.l\HHUe napnaMema "ca.'paHe" H npeAajy 3a60paBy.'". ,
451 Ha tl360ptlMi 1990, Cn060Ailll MlinoUllDHh jl OCI'0jHD 6J OAtTD maCDBll. /lOll jl cnc o~DojHJla 47 OACT'J. Ha ClIl,I\lhHlol, npeBpt'MeHHN Hl6Dp"04a 199Z. Cn060AilH MHIIOUlC· E1uh je A06no 5J QIlCTO rnacOEla, a lberoBa CTp~Hl\a tllera 29 DAtTO.
452 Cn060AilH AHT<lHHh, 3apo6J!,elill J£.WI>/l, op. 'iI.• tTr. 412. 453 MiloApar JOBH'IHIi. ITllpJl<LKelijJj'!pllll '''<llie... ",.qlipoli1lip(g~(gll"'11WM II '-9'l'l'llilllll-
CKOM ~u,me.HY, op. dt, CTp. 39. ' 454 BUAeTH: Cllo6Q1laH AATOHHh, 3<lpo6l11e"" }(~llI>ll, Dp. ,;1.. tTp. 41<1.. 455 BIlUie 0 roMe: MHO/lpar JOBIl'lllh, 'le.lf.Y y~Ii:u.~r, y Kr9" uge"', Cp6ujol, op. ,il.. CTp. 24.
nOllyUpf9ce9~JI~KU rll'liIe~310
)l;a HHCTMTyuKoHanHH OKBHp 0;Q 1990. llKje npc;QCTaBJbaO 6paH)' )l;eMOKpai'
<:KKM npoqccHMa y Hawoj 3eMlbH. 300r '!era K Hllje 6uno nOT'peoe 3a RoerOBOM
6p30M H HeXHTpeHOM llpOMCHOM. TeK ne CBe ",aeeHHjc lIaMc-ralloC ptWeHoa ()
KOHa'lHOM cTaTyey KOCOBa Il MCioxHje 01\ CTpaHe Me!))'HapO,qHc 3aje,JUIKUt
yjeAHHKTH Haille Hajp~eBaHrnHje.H anaAajyne K on03HU~(}He, 110IlHTH'IKC
<:TpaHKe y norneny yCTaBHOr nHTafba. HaHMe. HOBH yCUB CpoKje Tpe6ano jc
na Ca.p;P)f(H jacaH nom,TH'IKH CTaa ;Qa je TIoKpajl.ma KoeoBO K MCiOxHja ca·
craBHH Aco TepllTopHjc Cp6Hje, WTO je HC;QBQCMHCneHO H HCTaKnfTO y Roero·
BOj ITpeaM6yllH C UKn,eM o.a6paHe OBe }y>KHe cpnae 1I0KpajHHe I1rreM yny
TpaWJbtr lIpaBil. Komuco je TO P;CJtOTBOpHO ept,llCTDO 60p6e 31 O'l)'1li\Roe
KOCMeTa Y Cp6HjH CYBHlllHO je rOBopKT~. Me~rrHM. OHO lUTO je, HMajyhK y
B"~ npllpOAY OBor pa1\a. YHeKOJlHKO Ba:JKHMje jeCTe TO Aa yCTaBoTBopau 01\
2006. HHje npHcrynl10 KOptHIlTKId npoMcHaMa y KHCTlITytlIloHallHoM OKBK
py CpoHje. XOpH30HTallHa opraHH381.1Hja BlIacTK, KaKO ficMO BH,D;eT;{, CyWTKH
(Xii Hi-lje npOMeH>eHa, na ce Kao OOTl1ynO onpaB,n:aH MQ:;,(e npHXBarnrn CTaB
PaTKa MaPKOBHna.ai\ ce YCTaB 01\2006. MO)f(e 03H::i.'!HTH Kao nOnpaBKa nOTa
Aall.lfl>tr yeTillla ...TaMo rAe ra je )f(UDOTnpeBa3KllIi\0 1'OKOM JIYHH:t 16 rOJ'lHna
lberOBe npHMeHe".m
OpranJll3a~ja 1I11aCTK no YcraBy OA 2006. - ITonyr CBor npeTXOnHHKa
831990. HYCTaB Cp6Hje o.n: 2006. oprllHH3al.lHjy BlIaCTHyenOCTaBlba Ha npHH
1Ilmy nonent enacTK Ha 3aKoHop;aBHy, K3BpWHy H C)'liCKY ('1llaH 4). Me.t)yTKM,
yCTaBOTBopatl Cp6KjC 01\ 2006. YlfCTOM t:[naHy HenoTpe6Ho H HeBcuno llano·
Ail Aace ..OJ:1HOC TpH rpaHe Bnacm 3acHHna Ha paBHQ'ft)KK Ii Me~yc06Hoj KOK
-rpOJlK", Wlll je, no pC>lI'lMa PilTKil MapKoBKhil, !j>0pMynaQHja Koja DHll.le npHml
'1H yl,l6eHHK)' YCTaBHor npaBa Hero YCTa8y.~S9HaKMe, nOMell)'Ta ¢lopMynllI(Kja
jt C)'BHWHa 6y;Qyn'l )l;a i'ClpX>kaBa onpe1\elbelbe ycraaDnopl.l,a Aa o.!lHoce H3Me
~y noje,ltHHKX rpaHa B:'IaCTH 3acHyje Ha paBHOTelKH H Me~ye06Hoj KOHTponH,
14 OHa peTa caMa 33 .:eOe npeACT3.Rlba ClloMO je~ny npolUiaMlloUHjy Koja He 6H
npOK3Bena HHKaKBe npaBHe nocne.aHue yKonHKo K3 uenKHe HHCTHTytlKOHan
nilX pellleRo3 He 6n npO)13Jtl!o3H1l0 TaKO HeWTo. V1CTOSpeMeHo. OHa je H HeBe
W1'O !f>0PMynHCO,HU 6YJlYnH p;a je y MCTOM t:[nilHY YcnBa np0J(.l'laMOBaHil HC3aBH
QlOCT C)'ACKe SnaC'f~. urro AKpeKTI/O npCl'fllBpe'lll npeTXO.lltlo H3HeTOM
HaCTojafby YCTaBOTBOpua j:1a Ha paBHOTelKH H Me~yc06Koj KOHt'pOnH ype,n:K
OAHOCe H3Me!>y T'pK rpaHe ElllaCrn, ITHCUH ooor yCTaBa O'lHrne1\HO cy cMeTHy
11K cyMa t:[HlbeHHUy Aaee npHpOAa ;t,lIHOr eHCTeMa BJtaCTH op,pel)yje KCKlb)"lK
sO nptMa O,!lHOCy ABe BnaCTH nOllHTHt:[Kor KapaKTepa. neIlfcnaTKBC H er3eryTHBe. AOK ce 'YACKO! snaeT opraHH3yje H npWIl He3aBHCHO oA, Ben nOMeH)'"I'1lX,
1101lKTH4XKX BlIaCTH.
ITpe1\Ce;QHHK Peny6l1HKe. KaKO je TO YqaB npOlUfaMOBao. H3pX>kaDU np
}l(ilSHO ;eAHHCTSO Peny611HKe Cp611je ('lllaH Ill). OH ce 6Hpa Ha HenocpeJJ;HKM
4.!lB PU,,(l Mll'l(llllh. flpegfot/0p: Y(Ili~t/ Peay61lUKr Cp6uje og 1006 - I(PUiiiU~KU aoiJleg, Yy,,wat/ Peily6llllK' Cp6ujr, JYCTlIIIMjlll, PC()rp3/t> 2006, CTp. 1I~.
.(59 Pan::D MapKDBHh. op. ,i/., C1p. 16.
fl.,o CI!lJfU - npllBNO ripllp<Jgtl 'ucak~a 8JI(WiiU y Ptliy611Wlll Cp6Ujll Jll
H36opKM3, TajHHM rnaC3JbeM ('maH 114) Ho. BpeMe oJ]; neT TO;I:lHH3. riP" '!eMy
HKjellHO lIKl.Ie lle MO)f(e BKWe o.n: ABa nyn 6Hnl K3a6paHO Hi oay tPYHKl\Hjy ('(}laM 1I6). MnH.r:lUT npCJ];ce;ttUKKa Peny61111Kc npccraje, paJyt'ole .:;;e, tlCTCKOM
apeMeHa Ha Koje je K3a6paH, Kao II ocraBKoM "11H pa3pewelbeM. IIpcAce.QHKK Peny6IIHKe MOJKe 6KTH paJpeweH 360r nOBpe.ae YCTalla OWtYKOM HaponHe CKYHUITKHe, K TO rnacOBMMa HajMalbc ;Qae Tpel'nfHe HapOnmlX nQCJaHKK3
('InaH 118). ITocryrraK 33 pe3peWCJbe nOlcpene HapO.!lH3 CKytIWTHHa Ha npC'.!llIor )(3.jM3H>C je;we TpehHHe HapO]:lHl1X nOenaH"Ka. a nOBpe:r:lY YCTaa3 ympr.>yje YCTallHK cyJJ. H:ljlCacHKje y pOKy 01\ 45 /laHa no nOKpcHyToM llocryrrKy.l:(aKJle, 33 pil3l1KK)' OJ]; ycTasHHX pemclba KJ 1990, rrpe,l\C~HKKa Perry6nHKe, K3a6pa
nor Henocpe,n:Ho o,n: CTpaHt rpa~aHa, pa3pemaBil opraH KOjH ra HHje 6Kpao,
Hapo,n:Ha CK)'TlIL'nIHa. Ha Taj Ha'!HK YCTaHOBlbelfO je KtnOrK'iHO pemeRoe no
KOMe ce npenCe,IIHKK Peny6J'UKe naKUIe pa3pelIIilSil Hero urro ce 6Hpil, '!HMe ce
yHeKonHKO c.na6K !beros nono)l(aj y ycraBHoM cKCTeMy.
Ho, :la OUeHy yCT3BHonpaBHor nonO)l(aja npe,n:ce.!lHHKa Peny6nHKe 0,11;
npecY1\HHjer je 3nat:[aja 1\enoKpyr RoerOml;( oBnallinefbil. TIPBK je yTHCaK ,~.a
HosoycnOCTaBlbtHH HHCT'KTyUHoHanHH OKBKp lIHje .aoHeo 3ffil'!ajHe IiQBIHe
Ha OBOM nOlby. M,n:albe je HiljBenH 6pOj OBnallinetbil KojHMa pacnolla)l(e Hpe':
Ce1\HIlK Perry6mlKe HMaHeHTan ¢lyHlulHjH rnelfJa 1\p)l(aBe H Tpa.a1n\lrQHanHo
cna.aa y RoerOB 1\enoKpyr nocnOBa. N1e1)yTHM, OHTHO je HanoMeHyTil TO .na je
1\enoKpyr Ha.!lJle:t.:HOCTio1 npeLtCe;QH~IKa Peny6nuKe ,n:eJll'IMHt:[HO npowupeH,
WTO je Henocpe,!lHa nOClle.!lHua npoMeRoeHor 1\p;t<aBHor CTaTyea Peny6llJllO:e
Cp6Hje. TaKo, npe.n:ce.n:t1HK Peny6JH1Ke npe.n:CTilBJb3 Peny6JI1u(y Cp611jy y 3e
MIbH K KHOCTpaHCTBY ('fJtaH 112.1), nOCTaBlba H on03HBa YK330M alrl6aca,!lope
Peny6nHKe Cp6Hje Ha oCHoay npe,llJlora Bna,n:e (t:[naH 112.5), npHlrra aKpe.nH
THBlIa H on03mlHa nHeMa cTpaHKx 1\KnnOMaTCKHx npe1\CTaBH}J)(a ('!naH
112.6), yKa.30M npornawaBa 3aKOHe ('fnaH 112.2), jlaje no~mJJOBaRoaII Ojl.'HIKO
BaH>a ('1naH 112.7). Y oallj Tpa;I:lHUKoHanHH ,n:enollpyr nOClIOB3 we¢Ja ,n:p*aBe
y napnaMeHTaj'HQM Cl1cTeMy MO)l(e ce yBpcnlTH II oBnawnelbe npe;QceJlHKKa
Peny6.'IHKe.n:a HilP0,!lHoj CKyntllTll.lHJ npe,!lllil:;,(e KilH,!lIIJl:a.Til 3ll npe11c:e111HIK3
Bna.ae, noWTO cacnyma MHWlbeRoe npeAcTaBHHK<l H3a6paHK.'( H360PHKX In[
CTa ('!naH 112.3). J],aKlIe, 3a pa3JtKKY on .aOTilAaWlber YCTi\\H10r pewe!'ha KOJt
je 06aBe3HBaJto npe,n:eeAHHKa Peny6mrKe 1\a npK IIPtllJIaraRoY MaH,lIaTapa ea
ClIYllla MHWlbeRoe npe,n:CTaBHHKa '8el'lltHe, HOM'! ycran 06aBe"yje fa na cacllY
wa MHwlbefbe I1pe1\CTaB!J;HKa CBHX H3a6paHUX K360pmr.< nHCTa.
npeAC~HKK Peny6JJlIKe. y eKnaAY ca 3aKoHoM, KOlrlaHAyje BO)CKO~l H. no
CTaBIb&, )'Hanpe~yje K paapewaBa o¢lHuupe BojcKe Cp6.1je (t:[naH 112).0130
ce, Kil TTpBK norne,ll, '!HH~ BeOMa 3Ha'lnjHHM oBnalllhe~eM npellceAHHxa Peny
6nUKe, Me~YTHM, He T'pe6a ry6HTH H3 BH1\a t:[KRoCH'n.\Y ,n:a jc yeTaBOTBopaU
npep;DI'l.n:eo Aa OBO mfTaJt>e .n:CYillbHKje Tpe6a 113 6yAe ypel)ell.o 3alll)ll.OM. Pean·
HO je O'leKHBarn;Qa ne 3aKOHop;aBaU, ,n:aKne Hap0.!lHa crynurrHHa, no npHpo
;QH emapH, HaCTojaTK ,n:a Y 1Il10 Behoj MepK cy3H oBlIawhelba npenCCAlu'!Ka
312 313 :noJlylip~9ct91<1I~KU CUCW;;UI
I, Peny6lH1Ke y caoj MaTepl1jl1 6YAyhH Aa bRa He paCnOlla)l{e J.lHCfKryltKOHall
HI1M cpe):lCTBI1Ma Kojl1Ma 611 MOrna):lll yTI1'iC Ha H>eroB da,n,. YTOM CMI1Cny, oaa
KO cP0pMYlHlcaHO yCTaBHo oBltamlielbe He MD)f(e All 3aje+'1I1,D;OMI1IlaHTHYH0311
QHjy npe,u;ce.!\HKXa Peny611I1Ke YccPepYl OA6paHe. npe~ce.n;IHlK Peny6m1Ke He CaMQ):Ia je 3ap;pJtCao npaso cycneH3l1DHOr JaKOHCKor nella, Ben je, no YCTaBy 0A
2006, aBO IlpaBO p;O.l\aTHO Iloja'faHO. HaMMe, Ilpep;Ce,o;H~K Peny61IKKe je Ay)KaH Aa HajKacHKje YpOKY 0.0; 15 AaRa OA.!IaHa wmaCaBalba ~aKoIla, OAR'JeRO HajKa
CHl1je y pOKy 0,0; Ce.D;aM ):IaHa aKO je 3aKOH AOHeT no XHTHOM HOCTyllKy, p;OHece
yKa3 0 npornawelby JaKQHa I1ml All 3aKoH, y3 mlcMe.¢ o6pa311OJtcelbe, BpaTH HapoAHoj CK)'IlWTI1HH Ha nOHOBHO OAJIy'lHBalbe (tUla~ 113). MeljynlM, All 611
8CTl1paHil. JaKOH cTynltoHa CHary HeonXOAHO je Aa ka nO,-lOaHOM rnacalbY
y Hapo.aHoj cKynwnLH)1 6yne H3rnilCilH Bet1ltHOM YKyflHor 6poja nOCJIaHItKa. Y TOM cn)"iajy, npe.aCe.r\IUoIK Peny611KKe je P;yJKaH Ail np~rllaCH nOHOBHO lOrnacaml3aKOH. AaKJIe, 3a pa3IlKKY OA yCTaBHor pewelba XCTaHoBlbeHor 1990. KaAil je 3a nOHOSHO yCBajait>e SeTKpaHor 3aKOHa 6Hna ):IO~OlbHa 06wiHa aehl1Ha, yCTaBOTBopau op; 2006. OTe>Kao je nOCTyHaK nOHoBH;or yCBajafba. Kao 11 HO yCTaBHoM peWfit>y o.a 1990, npe.tlCeAHKK Peny6nHKe l1e pacnollali:e caMocranHIIM HpasOM 1:VICOllYI.l,~lje seh pacnyWTait>y HapoAHe CtIi'ynWTI1He MO)f(e Ail npl1cTynl1 I1CKlb)"iKao Ha 06pa31l0)l(eHII npe.aJIor BllaAe (q!naH : 09). DpeocTallo je Aa HoMeHeMO TO Aa npe.tlCe.rtHKK Peny6mlKe I1MeHyje deT cnHja YCTaSHor cy· Aa ('fllaH 172). Mel)yul1>-l, HeofL'{oAHO je j:10AaTil Aa OBO danaillli.elbe Hpe.rtCeAHI1, K:J Peny61111Ke Kl1je CaMOCT<l1IHO 6YAynK p,a Je y HocrynKy I1MeHOBalha cyj:1l1ja YCT;1BHor cYAa HeOfL'{OAHO K)"iewne Hi.'lpOAHe CK)'Hranme. Hal1Me, npej:1ce,nHHK Peny6nl1Ke HMeHyje neT CYAlija YcraBHor cy.aa Itt"le~y ):IeCeT KaH.aH.aan Koje IIpe,ll)lO)K11 Hap0j:1Ka cKynWTI1Ha, .aOK Hapop;Ka CHHwnlHa 6Hpa neT cy.aHja YCTaaHor cy.aa H3Mel)y p;eceT KaK,n;K):IaTa Koje npep,1I0)l\H npep;ce.aHHK Peny6nllKe. Kao 11 Ha oeHoBy MI1HynHxycraBHHX pewelba, HpeAce.t:\HJ.lK PeHy6lulKe pacnonIDKe npaaoM Ha nOAHollielbe npeWIora 3a I1poMeHy YCTaBil ('iJIaH 203). HanocneTKy, 3a Pa3JII1KY oA ):IOTa):laWlbK.'t I1HcnlrYUKoHanHlu peweit>a, YCTas oA 2006. He ):IoAeJhyje npe,nce):lHI1ICy Peny6mlKe llaHpep;Ha osnawnelbil.
BJIa.aa je, KaKO je TO H3pH'il1T0 YcraBOM npOKJla~OBaHO, HOCl1naL\ 113SPIIIHe l\lIaCTI1 y PenYUlIHUH Cpt'iHjK ('fnaH 122). Bna.aY;'fHHe HpeAce.t:\HIlK snaj:1e, jeAaH Hml BHllIe nOTIlpe.tlCe.aKHKa H MI1HHCTpl1 ('f'laH 125). 3a pa3nHK)' o.a npeTXOj:1HOr cpncKor yCTasa KOjl1 je AOHycrllO MOryli.tI0CT nocTojOJ.it>a MeIlIOBHTKX BJIa):la, YCTa.B op; 2006. 113pK'iIiTO je npoKnaMIlBao Ail 'fnaH BlIil.ae He MO)t(e 6l1Tl1 HapOAH)1 HOCnaHI1K y HapoAHoj cKynWTJ1,HI1 ('UTaH 126). KalCo je seh nOMeHYTO, KaH):IH):IaTa 3a npe):lceAHI1Ki1. sna.ae npeAna)Ke Hpe,D;Ce):lHI1K Pen y61ll1Ke nowTO caClIYllIa MHWlbelbe npe,u;eTaBHI1Ka 113a6paHIIX 1136opI'LKX 1111CTa ('inaH 127). MaH.aaTap WHOCI1 y Hap<.'!lHoj CKYHllItl1Hl-I caoj nporpiU>1 anaAe l1 npeWIalKe lbeH cacraB. BnaAa je 113a6paKa YKqllKKO je 3a lbeH m60p rllacana Behl1Ha 0.0 yKynHor 6poja Hapo,IJ,Hl1X nocnaHJotiKa. MaHAaT BllaAe Tpaje AO l1CTeKa MaHAaTa HapOAl1e cKymrrnlHe Koja jy je 113~6paJIa, a MO)f( npecraTK l1 paHl1je y cny'iajy 113rnaCaSalba HenoBepelba, 'pacllywTait>a HapoAHe ,
fJ,eo ce9MU - I1pa6>1Q upupo9tJ Cl.ldlir)(" 61hlCUlu y Pruy6/lllljl.l Cp6uju
cKynllITItHe 11 ocraBKoM npe.uceAHItKa BIla.ae:('inaH 128). BJIa,o;a je o.aroBopHa HapoAHoj cKynwTItHIt 3a nOlUtnlKY Peny611l1,Ke Cp6l1je, 3a 113BplllaBalbe 3aKOHil 11 p;pyrnx onwnu aKaTa Hapo.al1e cKynUfTHHe 11 3a pa.a opraHa .ap)f(aBHe ynpaBe ('inaH 124). [nacatbe 0 HenOBepeH>y BnaAl1l1ml nojeAI1HOM 'inaHy ana
):Ie MO)f(e Ail. 3i1.TpiUlClt HajMatbe 60 Hapo.aI1HX nOCJ'IaHI1ICa, 3a pa3nl1Ky 0.0 yCTaB' Hor peWeit>il "3 1990. Ka.aa je OSaKaB Hpe,ll)l:or 6l1J]0 HeonxO):lHO .aa no.ap)f(11 ca"JO 20 Hil.PO.aHl1X nOClIaHJ.lKa ('lIlaH 130). Aa je yCTaBOTBOpaL\ Te)f(HO):la oja'fa nono)l\aj sna.ae BI1A/bHlJO je Ii. Ha O':HOBy y':TaBHor pewelhil no KOMe ce npe.anor 3il rnilCil.lbe 0 HenOBepeH>y BJIa):l'1 I1nl1 noje.uI1HOM lbeHOM 'iJIaHy MO)f(e pa3Mil.TpiJHI Hil.jpilHl1je neT ):laHa no HO):lHowe!by npe.a1l0ra•.aOK je no YCTaBy o.a 1990. TO 611no Moryne Hajpanl1je TpK AaHa no no.aHOllielby HpeAJIOra. C UI1JheM jil.'fa!bil nono»)(aja sna):le, yCTaSOTBOpau je Hpe.uBK,n;eO 11 pellielhe no KOMe, y cnY'fajy HeycnewHor HOKyllIaja 06ap~H>a Sllap;e, 1l0TIlHCHKL\K npe,lVlora He MOry nOp;HeTK HOaK npeAJIor 3a rnacalbe 0 HenoBepelby npe I1CTeKa POKa op; 180 Ail.HiI.. TaKol)e,.aa 611 ce Hpe.uynpep;Jo'tllo I1CXlITpeHO 11 HenpOM,IWlbeHO .13rnil.Cil.aalhe HeHoaepelba BlIa.a~I, HpeA~Hr)eHO je pellielbe HO KOMe ce , HapO):lHa cKyHIlITHHa pacn}'lIITa f-'Ccomtiturione YKOllHKO ce 30 p;aHa o.a If3rnil.CaBait>a HeHOBepeit>a He 113a6epe HOBa BlIaAa. ;Mo)Ke ce pehl1 p;a OBaKO YCTiUlOBlbeHO HHCTl1TYUHOHallHO peweit>e no.aceh~ Ha I1IlCTHT)'T KOHCTPYKTI1SHOr 113rnacaBalba HenoBepelba KOjH je y OBO"I CII)"fajy .aeJII1"m'iHO MO.atltPI1KOSaH It }'HeKOllHKO y6/lalKeH jep ne Hapo.aHH nocn:aHI1UI1, YKOJII1KO He )f(ene Ail. 11M npeCTaHe MaHAaT YClIe,D; pacnYWTalba HapOijHe cKynwTKHe, nOKpeHyTI1 nocTyHaK 3a 113rnaCaSalbe HenOSepe!ba anaAH j~.aI1HO y cny'fajy aKO cy HPe1'lm~KO nOCTHrml AorOBOp 0 HOBO"l HpeMJoljepy HpCaCTaBy Hose BlIa.ae. Kao jeAil.H SKA npllT;tCKa Ha Hpep;CTaSHH'fICO Teno Ycra~ je npe.aSI1.aeo "loryhHocT BJIa):le Aa 3aTpa>K1I rnaca!be 0 CBOM HOaepeit>y ('iJI3;H 131). Bna):ll1 npeCTaje MaH):IaT yKOnl1KO joj Hapo.aHa CKYllllITllKa He JoI3rnaca.noaepe!be'l yTOM cny'iajy Ilpe.uceAHiIK Peny61111Ke je 06aBe3aH Aa nOKpeHe nocTynaK 3a H360p Hoae sna.ae. l1 y OBOM clI)"iajy HapOAHa cKynlllTHHa ce pacnywTa no CJIOBy YCTaBa yKOJII1KO ce YPOKy oj:130 .aaHa OA It3rllilCaBalba HenOBepelba He K3a6epe Hosa BJIa):la. 3a pa3nl1Ky OA npeT;l.:O,IJ,HOr yCTaBHor OlCTeMa y KOMe je ttl1TepHenaUl1ja 6,II1a nOCIlOBH,t'iKa KilTeroplija, y HOBOM yCTaBy Cp6'lje oBaj I1HCTI1TYT je KOHCTI1TYUI10HiLnJ.l30saH. TaKo, HajMalbe 50 Hapo.aHKx nOCJIal1l1Ka MO)f(e Ho.aHeTI1I1HTepnenau.JoIjy y SeJl1 .: pa.aoM BlIa.ae I1ml nojb\KHor 'fllaHa snap;e ('fnaH 129)., BJIa,o;a je 06aHe3Ha Aa DAJOBOptl Ha I1HTepneJI~L\l1jy y pOKY op; 30 p;aHa. YKOJII1KO HapoAHa cKynwTHHa Hli.je npKXBaTltlla oArosop SJIa.ae I1nlt noje!ll1HOr !beHor 'lllaHa, npttcryna Ce rnaCil.lbY 0 HeHOBep~!bY Bna.alt ItJII1 'iJIaHy Bnaj:1e. Aa ce oBaj I1HCTKTyT He 611 3noynoTpe6lbiLBao, "¥CTaB je npeABIt.aeo OrpaHI1'iett.e no KOMe ce 0 HI1Ta!by Koje je 6uno npep;MeT I1HTepHelliLuKje He MO)Ke nOHoso paCllpaBJhaTI1 npe I1CTeKa pOKa 0.0 90 .aaHa.
C 063KpOM Ha TO .aaje op;pel}eHa KilO HOCl1nil.l.\ 113SpWHe BJIaCnf, YcraB je B/laAI1 nOBepl10 cae OHe Ha,o;JIe)f(HOCTlf KOje cy neoHxoAHe 3a j:1eIlOTsOpHO OCTBapHBalbeTe lbeHe ynore yycraBHOM nlCTf'MY. Til.KO BIla,D,a YTBp~yje 11 BOAI1
316 II nO"llipt9't9HIl~JC" CUCti2tM
,
6panl1. ycnocraalbCno je pellleH>e no KOMe HapOAHOl c~ynwTKHa,tlBO,pehHH(KOM aenHKOM pa3pewaaa npe,tlCeAHHKa Peny61ll1Ke ~c~ajY,(la je OR nOBpe,!:IIiO YeTaB. IIopep; Tora. np~ceAHHK SMllle He pa~nOlla)Ke caMOCTaIIHIlb/
BaHpe,tlmfM OBIl3wnelbH"IB, Koja cy, no MHllllbelbY Be~HKor6poja HaWID: Teo
penl'lapa, HpegcTaBlb31I3 OCHoa Ja lberoay AO/lU1Ha1Pfjy YyCTa.BHOM OfCTe
My YCTaHOBlbeHOM 1990. Y OJUiocy Ha AOTBP;3111lbH r4T3sHonpasHH nOllo>Kaj
npe.r:\ceJl,H>'lKa Peny6llHKe, jeJV(HQ je OjB'l3HO H>erOBO npaao cycneH3HBHor 33. , . KQHCKOr BeTa, Ta.1\O liTO Je OTeJt(3H nocTynaK DoHOBHor yca3)atbJ. BeTHpaHor
33KOHa. MevyntM, YKOIlHKO ce HMil y BH,rr;y <B1.fbeHHllh,Ll3 YCTaB He npeABHl)a
jeAHoo6pa3BH Ha'lHH 0,!V1y'lHB3Iba y HapoAHoj CKYnFTHHH jep ce nojeAHHe, KajBVKKKje, !a.lIcaTKsHO Hase,tleHe MilTepKje ypcl)yjy BaKOHKMa IIQjK ce gOHO
ce sehKHoM og yKynHor 6poja CBKX uapo,tlHHX IIoc~aH}jKa, jacHo je,tla he y
THM cny'lajeBKMa npH nonOBHOM rnaCaH>y6KTH HeodxogHo nOCT},hH jegHOM
Beh ,tIOCTHrHyTY Behlmy. YocranoM, KaKO ce snaga ~l1pa Behl1HOM o~ p;ynHor 6poja nocnaHlllla U KallO CBe BpeMe CBor MaHg~Ta OHS Mopa ga ¥)KKsa
lbKXOBO nosepelbe, jacno je ga he OHa yCHenl ga o6~36eA'1 noHOBHO yCBaja
lbe seTHpuHorS3KOHa jep ce 3a aHym1pa'±>e AejCTsa npeAce,u;HHKoBor cycneH_
3HSKor seTa He Tp:DKH KBanHq:.HKOBaHli BehKHa Kojal6K 6Hna seha O,tl BehK. I
He KO)a npy)Ka nOApwKy BnanH. i- I ITpe.t\ceAHKK PeHy6nKKe, AaKne. K y HOBOYCllOCTrBJbeHOM yCTasHoM HO
peTlq ne paCHOna)Ke eq:.eKTHBHHM OSl'laWhelbHMS ~ OKBJ.lpy K3BpWHe sna
CTH. 3a. paalmK~ O.t\ KKCnITytiHOlofaI'lHor.OKBKpa YC1~HoBll>eHor 1990. npKMeTHO Je HacTOJalbe yCTasOTBopL(a .t\a 0Ja'ls nOJIQ)IQaJ Sl'lil,tle, WTO ce MQ.Jt(e
3aKlbY'fHTH Ha oCHoay IIpep;BHl)eHHx OTe)KaHHX YCJI~sa aa HJrnaCasalbe He
nOBepelba. 113 L(elUllle yCTaBHHX pewelbU HeIlBOCM~CJIeHO npml3na3K,tIa je
sna.t\a jeAKHl1 eq:.eKnISHtIK onepaTHsHK Aeo er3eKYT~lBe. TIpeIlCl.,tIHHK Peny
6nKKe je, WTO ce IrIO}f(e 3aKlby'lKnl Ha oeHosy .lleJloKpyra lberOS>fX oBJIawhe
lba. 3aApJKaO ynory MOAepaTopHe BIJaCTK Koja l-!flje ~/<THBaH 'IHHKnall HonK
TJ.1'lKHX IIpOlleca. HeLyMlbKBo je ,lla he oH HelIIfcTaH0 6KTK y ceHUH
npegceAHHKa sna,D;e ~J MO)l(e ce O'leK~tSanl. seh HOIK?H He!i:onKKo H36opHK:<;
QI1Knyca. Aa ce mlAepil nOIlI1TK'lK~L'{cTpa.HaKa Hehe fTpKHsaTHHanpegce,tI
HK'lKHM H360pHMa 6YAytUI .t\<l KncTHTyL(Hja npegfeAHnKil Peny6nHKe He
o6e36el)yje eq:.eKTl-iSHy H AenoTsopKy ~nacT. rrpen~eg'UlK Peny6nKKe he y
HosoycnoCTaslbeHoM HHCTHTY1VloHunHoM oKsHpy 16il.Blbaw; OHyynory KO
ja ce Tpa,llKQKoHanKo ,lIOAelbyje weq:.y Ap*ase y nap'naMeHTap,iOM cHcTeMy. Y TOM CMHCl'ly, aKO cy H HocTojane OApe.t;JeHe HeAOY_~oUflle 0 npsBHoj npKpO
AH CHCTeMa. BnaCnt ycnocTaslbenor 1990, He.t\socMJ,cneHo ce MO)t(e pehK ga
je YCTaS og 2006. nojeAKKKM csojHt.! peWeli>HMa csMo .t\O,LaTHO noja'lao ene
MeHTe napnaMeHTapH3Ma yKHCHlTyUKOHaJIHOM OK,KPY Cp6Hje. ,lJ,ull'le, 01
CTeM MaCTH YCTaHOSll>eH YCTaBOM og 2006, nonyr pHor '13 1990, TaKobe je I HpKlrlep paQHoHan.lJOSaHOr napnaMeHTapH3MU. I
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KOMI1APATHBHA AHAllH3A I1011YI1PE,LICE,LIHHQKHX CHCTEMA