D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

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,1:\01\ . .up ,1:\i1pXO OtMOBJdi. LjOU. LjP LjAPKO CI1MOBYl'li YIJ9alJa'1U npaBH>t tiJaKYJITeT YHHnep3HTeTa YEeorpaAY Jaano npe.n;pene ..Cny)f(6eHH rnaCH>tK" 3a UJga811'1e npotiJo.o,p M.lpkO BaCHJbeBllh, LjeKaH Cno6o.o,aH [aBpHnOBHn,JlJ.tpekTOp Pe4enJft/iiiu npotiJ· AP PaTKo MapKOBnn ITpotiJo.o,p OnHBepa BY'H1h CMCTEM Ype9/-1UK Eu6Jluofi/eKe ITpotiJ . .up JOlHJI.jJ. TpKYlbil H.J8PW/-IU YPf9/-1t1K Mp M.loJ\p<lr P<lJ\ojeIHih fleKiTtypa /I I(opo:iiiypa HaTJ.wa JeBpe/>IOBut-:_ , GIlo; u ilpellO,\l feneHa nalHlh Tupa;K 300 COPYright e npilBfUi YflHBep3Hyen y 20U1/ CBil npaoa 3a,t1P*ilH il- HfJje A03BOMHO Ail \iIlJlO KOjll Aeo OBe l{lbllre 6ylie eM)I- EeorpaJ\ TOBaH linn lIa 611110 KOjll Hil'lIlH, YlUbY'lyjyl\lI, allH He orp;I'"11fooa;yI\H ce 2008 flO .p<nOKoIlllpalbe, .poTorpa$lIjy, .mrnerHIl 11M! 611110 Kojf1 Apyrll BHA 6e3 I1perXOAlle AOUOlle arropa H113J\3Ba'la. ' i www.ills.bg.llc.•u I , ,

description

D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

Transcript of D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

Page 1: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

,1:\01\ . .up ,1:\i1pXO OtMOBJdi.

nOnYnPEnC~HM~KWCWCTEM

LjOU. LjP LjAPKO CI1MOBYl'li

YIJ9alJa'1U

npaBH>t tiJaKYJITeT YHHnep3HTeTa YEeorpaAY

Jaano npe.n;pene ..Cny)f(6eHH rnaCH>tK"

3a UJga811'1e

npotiJo.o,p M.lpkO BaCHJbeBllh, LjeKaH

Cno6o.o,aH [aBpHnOBHn,JlJ.tpekTOp

Pe4enJft/iiiu rrOflYrrPE~CE~HMqKM npotiJ· AP PaTKo MapKOBnn

ITpotiJo.o,p OnHBepa BY'H1h CMCTEM Ype9/-1UK Eu6Jluofi/eKe

ITpotiJ. .up JOlHJI.jJ. TpKYlbil

H.J8PW/-IU YPf9/-1t1K

Mp M.loJ\p<lr P<lJ\ojeIHih

fleKiTtypa /I I(opo:iiiypa

HaTJ.wa JeBpe/>IOBut-:_,

GIlo; u ilpellO,\l

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Tupa;K

300

COPYright e npilBfUi q.a"ynT~T YflHBep3Hyen y 6eorp~AY, 20U1/ CBil npaoa 3a,t1P*ilH il- HfJje A03BOMHO Ail \iIlJlO KOjll Aeo OBe l{lbllre 6ylie Ctllf~UbeH, eM)I­ EeorpaJ\ TOBaH linn peIlpolly~"nH lIa 611110 KOjll Hil'lIlH, YlUbY'lyjyl\lI, allH He orp;I'"11fooa;yI\H ce

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1 !

YCTAB CPEI1JE 0):(1990. ro):(I1HE

"HcnrrYU;HOH3JlHH OKIHlp ycnoCTaBJI>eH YcraBoM 0,11; 1990. - De] 063H"

pa Ha TO WTO je 6Hna y c3CTi\BY Cl1lPJ, c nOHDeOM ce MOJKe HCTah" ):13 je ,ll;OHO­llIeH>eM YeTasa 28. cemeM6pa 1990. Cp6Hja npBa Me!)y HCTO'lHOeBpO!1CKHM

.r:lp)l{!BaM3 o.l\6arnma pyxo cOll;HjanHCTH'iKe YCT3BHOCTH H aao;QeHyna ce BpeA­

HOCTHMa JIH6epamlO-,Il;eMOKpaTcKor KOffCTHT}'l.IltOHamI3M<L ThM aKTOM M3ap­

llleHe cy KopeHHTe npOloleHe KaKO Jlp}'UlTBeHOr ype~elba TaKO Ii nOJlKTlf'l:KOr

CltCTeMa. IIopeJ); npoxnaMOa3tb3 npimlVma Cn060.!lHe Tp>Ki<WHe UplfBpe.ae H

HOJIlfTH'IKOr mTypaJIH3Ma, ,Il;OJla3H H JI,O HHCTHTYUHOHaJJH30BaJ-ba Ha'l:~a nOlle­

ne BnaCTH. PaJYMe-ee]:la he, c 063HpOM H3 rrpHpoD;)' aBor pa.Qa, Hawa rraJl.(fba

6HTH yCMepeml. npeBaCXO,ll;HO Ha :il.HanH3Y Talla ycnOCTaBll>eHOr eHcreMa Dna­

en!. HeCYMlhKBo je ~ lie nocTOjH 3HaMeHlfTlfje MMe KalUe caBpeMcHe yCTaE­

HonpaBHe Hayxe Koje HKje nKcano 0 npKpO.l:lK. YCTaBOM 0.1:1 1990, YCI10CTaBll>e­

Hor G1CTeMa BnaCTK, na ce OnpaB.I:IaHO nOCTaBll>a mlTaJ-be Mo;«e nl1 ce cBeMy

TOMe 6KllO lUTa KOBO .I:Io.l:laTK. Me~YTl{M, tie MO:>Ke OCTanl 3aHeMapeHO T0.l:la

B~KKOM 6pojy pa,I\oEa KOjYl cy 3a TeM)' KManYi YCTaB Cp6Kje 0.1:1 1990, 360r

nOIlKTW-IKe oCTpawheHOCTIl: J-bYlXOBKX ayTopa, He.l:lOCTaje Ml/HKManaH CTeneH

HayqHe 06jeKTKBHOCTK. HaKMe, 3aCIlenll>eKK nonKTII'lKHM .I:IOra~ajuMa KOjlf

ce HKcy O.l:lBYljanK Ha, no J-bHMa, nO:>KeJhaH H O'feKKsaH H3'1HH, 3HaTaH 6poj

HalUYlX TeOpeTH'Iapa HYlje 6)(0 y cTaJ-bY.l:la HanpafHl pa3/HlIeY Y13Me~y HopMa­

TIfBHor YI CTBapHor, TaKO.l:la je Y1HCTIl:~Y10HanKHOKBKp Cp6Y1je 0.1:1 1990. Ha­

IfllIao Ka He,tl06pOHaMepHe H TeopKjcKK HerreMelbeHe KpIfTIfKe. TaKa je. np~l­

Mepa pa.l:lH, HOBoycnoCTaBlbeHK CHCTeM BllaCTil 0.1:1 noje,tlKH!{X TeapeTH'Iapa

BeOMa rpy6a oKBanK¢iKKosaH Kao "H3BHTOnepeH~.·!6 na 'taK If "H30na'leH"w

napnaMeHTapKsaM. TIpHllKKa je.l:la ce HaKOH ocaMKaeCT rO.l:lKHa O.l:l.l:lOHOWeJ-ba

OBor yCTaBa, KOjK je y Me~yapeMeHY YI npecrao,tla Ba:>KH, nporoBopH HenpH­

crpaCHo, .I:IaKne, Y JI.YXY aHTK'lKe MaKCKMe sine ira et studio.

KaKo je Beh KanoMeH)'To. YCTas Cp6HjejeYMeCTO SKWCJl:eU;eHHjcKor KO H­

CTHT}'lIHoHaIlKSOeaH>a Ha'feJIa je,tlKHCTsa. MaCTH Y J-beroBoj cxynWTIlHCKOj

426 nUllc H"'IQIIM~, napllaMellt1lopl'SllM U cucfiJe1J. MOCWUY l'!/oCllal1uju gOHa,. y naMe HMKOllHh. Og paOiogo go lSeJIlQ~ II IlQgc, ~$HIIHrr B"lUM>lI~·. BeorpaJI, 1997. CTp.'151.

427 KoCTI "lallOlUICM,_1pc!lla /yfOCJ/ll-l1ujo y lI()/1o,M ydlllUlHC\loII py;ry. y Kocn '{UOWltll, Ycaial1 /Coo jC1J.d[jl1o ClIOO[ge, ~41KIIJfJJ BIIUIM>.~·, 5eolpllJl, 1995, CTp. 119.

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294 I nOl"y~pt9't9HU'f7C1I 04cillfM ,, aapKjaHTH npOlUlaMOBaO npKHlJ;KIl nOj:lene allaCTH. taKo je ':InaHO!>! 9. oeor

yCTaBa Dpe,lUllt~eHO; QYcTaBl'TBopHa It 3a.KOHOJ:\aBH3 'BnacT npHna;:J;a HapoJ:l­HOj cKynwTHHJ.l. Peny6miKy Cp6Hjy npe,l\CTaBlba K H>~HO AplKaBI ,0 jeAHKCTBO

HJpIDKaa<l npe,o;ceWHIK Peny6nKKe. HJBpWHa enaCT qplmaga Bna,ll;K. CY.r:ICKa BnaCT npKna,l:la CY,!\OBHMa. 3alllTKTa yCTaBHQCTK, Ka6 It 3aWntTa J:l.KOHHTO­

eTK y CKna,l:lY ea YCTaaoM, nplma}\a YCTaBHOM CY.r:IX."' OnaKO 4JopMynHcaH

1J1IaH YCTaBa OCTaBlba AKJIeMy KOjOj rpaHK BJIaCTK npH~Ta,ll;a npep;Ce,ll,H~!K Peny­

6nHKe, WTO je Moryne 0,l:lrOHCTHYTH KCKlby':lJ.IBO II~KOH allamoe ]-berOBOr

yCTaBlwnpaBHor nonOlK3Ja.. ,

' ,

npe,l:lCe,r:l'iHK Perry6nKKe ce 6Hpa Ha Henocpe,a,H'i!M .136opHMa Jia apeMe 0,1\ neT rOAHHa, npM 'ieMy jC.r:IHO K'TO JlHI.lC Monce 611T)( ~3a6paHO Ha ()By 4JytlK­lVljy liajBliwe ,ll;Ba npa ('illial 86). MaH,II;aT npe,l\Ce~fHIKa Peny6nllKe MO>Ke npecT:l.TlI li npe liCTeKa neT rO,ltlilla, y cny'iajy on03lfBa linli ooaBKe ('inali 87). ITpe,ll;Ce,o;HliK Peny6nHKe je Henocpe,nHo O.llrOB~paH rpal)aHliMa ('-InaH 88). HaliMe, YKonliKO HapO,ll;Ha CKynWTlJlia, KBanli4JflKoBalioM BenliHoM O,ll; ,ll;Be TpdlliHe yKynHor 6poja nOC11aliliKa, OL\eH~J ,Ita je npe,ll;Cep;Hl'IK Peny6nliKe npeKpwlio YcTaB, HOKpefJ.e ce nocTynaK lberOBor on03liBa. Kona'my O,lVlyKy o OnOJliBY npe,ll;Ce,l\liHKa Peny6nliKe ,lI;OHOce 6lipa'iu ~enOCpe,ll;liliM tJ TajHliM IiJjawlbaBalbeM, a,ll;i1 61i npe,l\JIor 6lio nplixBaneH, HednxoP;Ho je,ll;a 3a on03HD rJ1aca anconyTna aenHHa 6lipa'la. Me~YTHM, YKomlKo ,I5Hpa'i~1 HeycBoje npe.n­nor 3a on03HB npe,nce,ll;HHKa Peny6nliKe, Hap0,ll;Ha CKrnWTlIHa ce pacnywTa. )J;aKne, KaKO ce Ha OCHoay li3nO)f(eHOr yCTaBHOr peujetba MO;.Ke JaKJl,y'HlTll, npep;ceAH.IK Peny6mlKe He MO>t<;e 6liT.1 onOJaaH y cnf'iajy nOnliTIi'-lKtJ HelJ,e­nliCxop;Hor ,ll;enOBalba, Ben je,llKHO YKOnliKO je CBOjtlM aKTOM, no OL\eHIi npe.n­CTaaIUl'iKOr Tena, npeKpW.lo YCTaB, WTO oBaj lia'iliH npeBpeMeHor npeCTaH­Ka npe.rlCe,ll;tili'lKOr Man,ll;aTa npli61lKIKaBa IiMHil'lMeHTY.

Hajaltwe nOneMItKe y Hawoj yeTOlBHollpaBHoj reop~ljli ~J3a3.JBana cy OBnaWhelba npe,ll;Ce,llliKKa Peny6nHKe, 6y,ll;yfJ.lt,ll;a cy o~a, no pe'iIiMa fvhlo,ll;pa­ra JOBli'lHha, ,,6e3 HKaKae CyMlbe aellli {O1","l' 360r 'Ier1 he HajBena n;lJKlba 6~J­TH nocBenena ynpaao TOM nKTalby. Y npay rpynyrrP9'ce,lW~IKOB~L,,{OBnawne­lba MOry 6mH HJ,ltBojeHa OHa Koja cy MMaHeHTHa tPYl1KL\I-JjH we4Ja ,lI;plKaBe H Koja He 3a."{TeBajy neKy noce6H}' illianltJY. TaKo, npe,ll;c'iJ'H~IK Peny6nliKe npe,ll­CTaBJl,a 3eWbY y HHocTpaHCTBy ('inaJ.l 83.4), PYKOBO~K 0pY)f(aHIiM CHarat-ta (..nan 83.5), YKaJOM npornawaaa 3aKOlie ('inaK 83.3), ;!,aje nOMlinOBalba ('inial 83.9), ,lI;OAeJl,yje O,lVlHKOBalba ('InaH 83.10) li opramf~yje concTaeliY Oly)f(6y Ja 06aBlbaH>e nocnoaa KJ cBoje Ha,lVle.a<:HOCTIi ('inaH 83.11). Ka,ll;a cy y nliTalbY lberoaa oBnallihelba npeMa ana,ll;li, YCTaB je npe,ll;B.I,lI;ep Ail npe,ll;ce,ll;li.IK Peny­6mfKe nnpe,l:\JlIDKe Hapo4Hoj CKynwTIiHIi KaK,ll;UAaTa ~a Hpen,cft:\HHKa BnaAe, nOlliTO caC11yWa MHwn:.elbe npe,nCTaBHtlKi! aen,IHe y flapO,ll;tloj cKynwTIiHIi" ('inali 83.I). )J;aneKo cy JHa'iajmlja oanalllnelba npeACCF,lI;KliKa Peny6nliKe Koje

428 M.'OApar JOB.,~IITI, }<:ilill"l1l1 ~OIlO}ICo.j u.pegceglluKII Pfily6'~""e ,10 1I0MAI Ycw""y Cp6uj., y Kygllll.gttu. Cp6ujo!, op. cit., crp. 56. I

PtO CtgMu - IIpa8Ha iJpupoga 'l<Cwt>la 8J/aCa;u y Peily6JluI(u Cp6uju 295,. OH HMa npeMa 3aKOHO,ll;aBHoj D1laC;H. rrp~ce,[t;HHK Peny61lHKC pacnonIDKe npaBOM cycneH3HBHor BeTa y O.o;HOCy Ha 3aKOHe yCBojeHe y Hapo.o;Hoj c"yn­WTHHK ('{)laH 84). HaJfMe, y pOKY O,Q ce,ll;aJ.i ,lt3Ha 0,11; ,ll;aHa yCBajalba 3a"OHa. npe,l\ce.nHHKY Peny6nltKe je OCTaBn:.eHa MOrrnHOCT I\a H3rnacaHH JaKOH Bpa­TH HapO,ll;Hoj CKYnwTliHH Ha noHoaHo rnacalbe. y"OIlJ.lKO Ii npH nOHOBHOM rnacalby HapO,ll;Ha CKYIIWnlHil yCBOjH 3aKok, npc,ltce,ltHIiK Peny6nHKe je p;y­, >KaH,II;a ra Hpornacli. ITope.n Bet! nOMenyTor .npaBa cycneHJKBHOr BeTa, opeA­Ce,ll;HKK Peny6JIliKe pacnOllIDKe H npaBOM .lutc:onYlll1je ('{)laH 89). TaKo, Ha 06pa.J1I0>KeHJ.I rrpeWIor BJIa,ll;e, npe.nce,ll;HI1K ~~ny6nHKe MO>Ke.o;a AOHece oAny­Ky 0 pacnyWTalby Hap0,lVie cKynlllTHHc. ]e',lI;HHO orpaHH'ielbe Koje je YCTaB nOCTaBIiO eneKyTIiBIi nplt KopHwhelby npaea AliconYLl,l1je jeC:Te.o;a ce HllPOA­, Ha CKynwTliHa He MO:l(e pac:nycTIiTl13a speMe paTHor CTalba, HenOcpC,lJ;He paT­He onaCHOCTH HBaHpe,l\HOr CTalba. ITpeWIarJlbeM KaH,II;IiAaTa Hap0,ll;Hoj CKyn­, WnlllH Ja Hpe.llCe,l\HHKa li CY,ll;Hjc YCT3BHor q'Aa, npe,llCe.QHHK Peny6mlKe HMa 3lia'iajaH YTliLlaj HHa BpwelbeYCTaBHOCY,ll;CK~ tPyHKlJ,Hje. OCHM Tora, npCAC:CA­HHK Peny611liKe pacnon<IJKe npaBOM Ha rrO*Howelbe npe,ll;nora 301 npoMeHY YCTaBa ('lllaH 132). HanOC11eTKY, nope,I\ OB}q pCAOBH.L"{ oanawhelba. Yc:TaB je npeAceAHIiKy Peny6nIiKc nOBep"0 n WHpOK3. BaHpe,ll;Ha oBnawhelba: 1) Aa "a­I\a HapOAHa cKynwTliHa Hl1je y MorynHocTIi!,lI;ll ce cacTaHe, no Il;'H6aBlbeHoM Mliwfbeli>Y npep;ceAmlKa BllaAe, YUp,llH 110CTojalbe Henocpe,ll;He paTHe ona­CHOCTK ,111H npornani pamo CTalbe ('inaH 33.6); 2),11;01 no CBOjO) IiHIiL\HjaTliBIi 1'11111 lia npe,I\Jlor llpe.QceAHHKa BnaAe, Ja spei.l.e paTHor CTali>a linli Henoc:pe,tl· . . He ,jJaTne onaCHOCl'H, AOHO"I aKTe 0 nHTa~IiMa HJ HaAne>KnOCTIi HapoAHe cKynwTIiHe, CHI"I WTO je p;y)KaH t:\a .L'{ nOA~ece Ha nOTBp,ll;y HapoAHoj CKyl1­lllTl-lHli 'iHM OHa 6YAe y MorynHocTH Aa ce caCTaHe. AKTl-J"m ,!\oHeTliM 301 Bpe­, !>Je paTHor CTalba MOry ce orpaHWUlTH noje.QIiHe ClI060,ll;e Ii npaBa '-IOBeKa Ii rpat:!atUIHa H H3MeHtITIi opraHU3alJ,Hja, Cac:ThB ~l oBnawnelba Bna,ll;e 11 M~IHH­CTapCT01Ba, CY,llOBa.1 jaBHlix TY)K}maWTaBil (';InaH 33.7); 3) Aa Ha npeAllor Bna­,lI;e, Ka,ll;01 cy Ha ,lteny TepltTopHje Peny6nuKe yrpo>t<;eHIt 6e36eAHocT Peny6mlKt" Cp6.lje, cn060,ll;e II npaBa 'iOBeKa H rpal)aH~JHa .mH pa,ll; Ap>KaBHH.."{ opraHa, npornawaBa BanpeAHo CTali>e .1 ,lI;OHOC,1 aKTe 3a npeAYJ'IMalbe Mepa Koje Ta­KBe OKonHOCTH mJ.1CKyjy, y CKna,ll;y CYCTaBO~1 }l 3aKOHOM ('illaH 83.8).

ITpeMa Ben nOMenyToj 1i3ptl'iIiTOj YCTtlB:HOj 0,ll;pe.n61i, Blla.o;H je llOBepeHo Bpwelbe HJOpWHe BnaCTH. MeljynJM, YKonl1KO IiMaMo y BH,lI;y OBnawtJ.eli>a npeACe,ll;HIiK01 Peny6JIliKe, jaCtiO je Ail 1'11lil,lta H'e paCllOn<IJKe L\ellorynHoM 1i3Bp­WHOM Bnawny H,lI;a je YCTaB yCTaHoBHO 611l\J4JaJJHY er3eKYTliay. BnaAY ca'ili­lbaBajy npe,llCe,ll;HlIK, nompe.nce,llHIil\ll H M~HHCTPI1 ('inan 9I). YKonHKO cy

I .'inaHOBIt BnaAe 1i3a6paHIi 1i3 peJla l1apoAHllXUOClIilHHKa, OHJ.13aApJKanaJY no-ClIilHli'iK~1 MaHAaT, WTO 3Ha'i.I,lta je YCTaB OtoiOryli.liO nocTojali>c Bna.Qe Mewo­B~lTOr KapaKTepa. Y CKlIaAY C Tpa,ll;HlJ,HjOf>1 llapnaMeHTapHe ACMoKpaTlije, npc,II;Ce,I\llIiK Perry6nliKe npe,I\Jlil)Ke M3HAaTap'a 3a caCTaB Bnap;e, noWTO cacny­rna MKWJl,elbe npeL\CTaBHItKa napnaf>leHTapH~ sehHHe. KaH,II;H,I:IaT 3a npe,ll;ceA­HItKa ana,ll;e H3HOCii rrpe.Q Hapop;lioM cKynlll1;liHoM CBOj nporpaM li npe,llnIDKe

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198 I[Jo,',"pegagHu',,,U CUCilif,l.l JIeo ce_qMU - np~M/<J ~pupo9a wcilie,w</ Ma,aiU y PeaJlS:lIl1~U Cp6ujll 199 ~-------

YCToIB je HapO,lJ;Koj CrynlllTHHI1 p;o.n.emw 11 KBa3HCYA~K)' WHKqlijy HpeABIf_

AfaWH,lta OBO TeJIQ Aaje aMHeCTHjy 3a KpHBH'l.Hil gena ['lm!H 73.12). HaKO ce y '1JIillfy YKOMe cy Ha6pojaHe Il>eHe HilAJIeJtCHoCnt 0 Tol.te He rOBOp", He 1o[OJKe

OCTOlTlt 33HeMapeHO TO Ail HapOAH3 cKynl1Inm3 nOKpehe nocrynaK 33 ono­3HIl npe.u;ce,o;HHKa Peny6JIHKe K~ oueHK Ail je OK noape,u,HO YeTaS, WTQ je

TaKol)e jeAilH 06JIHK Ksi!.SI'lCYACKe <PyHKlVfje ('{JIalf 88). HanocneTKy, C 063H­

pOM Hil 3Hil'l.aj 3i1KOHoAaBlJe ¢YHKL\Hje, 0,11 BemfKe je :S3JKHOCTH KQMe ie Clle

Ycrila HoaepHO npaBo 33KOHO,lJ;allKe I'IHHUHjaTKBe. Taxa, npaso npe,lJ,i1araHla,3aKOHa, Apynu npomlca If onWTKX ilKilTil nplma,o;a BJla,r:Vf, CBaKOI>! HapO,lJ;HOM

nOCI1i1HHKY, Cf(ynillTKHH ayToHOMHe nOKpajHHt HJlH rPymf O,IIlJajMalht 15.000 6Hpa'la ('111<lH BO). MoJtCe ce npHMeTHnl All. npaBOM 3akoHO,II<lBHe HHHL\ujaTH_ Be He paCnOllaJf<e we¢i ApJtCaBe, WTO je jeAHo 0,11 'leWr"X yCTaBH}lX pewelha y 3eMlbaM<l nocTKoMyH\13Ma. Ho, Ka,IIa je y nHTalhY YcraBOTBopHH nocTynaK, npeW10r ~1Q)t(e nO,IIHeTH Hpei,ce,aHHK PeHy611HKe, npeAce,IIHHK Blla,lle, 50 Ha­pO,aHHX HOCllaHUKa Him HajMillt>e 100.000 6Hpa'lil ('1lUIH 132).

np.:umu np}lpOAa OICTfflla BJ1aCTH no YCTuuyCp6J11je OA 1990. - Hl\CTHry­UHOHilnHH OKB.lp Cp65fje OA 1990. HilHWao je Hil 'lecT01HeapryMeHTOBilHy, il ca illUlAeMCKor CTaHOBuurra ~l HenpHMepeHo OIllTpy oc~t Hajaener 6POjil H<lWI1X TeOpeT5f'lapil. Kilo HJlyCTpaL\Hja OB.IX pe'lH 6Hne HaB9\eHu CilMO Hajccyne'la­Tlh5fBHjH CTaBOBH OH.I;( aYTopa '1}ljU Haym5f KpeAH65fJl5fTeT He MOiKe 6mH ,110­BtAeH y lll'ITa!he. TilKO je, no pe'lUMil JIHA.Jje EaCTe, .l3rt?a!jeH "YCTilBHH CTOJKep HeO,llI"oBopHe HHe"OHTpomlCilHt Bnil,ailBuHe",':' AOK ce; no pe'lI1Ma DaBna HH­KoJmha, YCTaB Cp6nje He onpeAeIl>yje J<l "cHCTeM Koju:6H AOBtO ,110 HCTHHCKe paBHOTtlKe JaKOHOAilBHt H U3BpWHt BnaCnl, WTO u; HPe,o;CTaBlba eywnlHy npHHu»na HOj:\ene Bn<lCm" Ben "OTaopeHo o6e36el)yje :npeBary HJBpWHe Bnil­CTIi y nHUy npe,o;cej:\mlKa Peny6mrKe".....u Hil C1IH'IilH Ma-HIH je paJMHwlbao H

BnaAHM}Jp roaTH ~ICTl-1'1ynH ,ail je YCTaHoBlbeH yCTaBHH CHCTeM KOjH OJ1,lHlKyje "ilnconyTHa cynep.lopHOCT npeActAHUKa H~ cKynwnl~oM".·l\ MeI)YTHM, y KO­joj Mep5f OBHM pe'l~IMil npoaejilBil ~lcnJHil Moryne je p$H TeK HaKOH HcupnHe ilHilm13e YCTaaoMCp6Hje OA 1990. Yl".-raHOBJbeHorCHCT~Mil BnilCTH.

Ha OCHOBy }13JlOlKeml;( ycraBH}L'l: peWe!hil He,o;Bo~MHcneHo ce MO)l(e 3il­KJb}"lHTIi,lla cpncnl YCTUBOTBOPilU 1990. H.lje y 'IHCT6M TeopHjcKoM 06mlKy YCTaHOBIiO HHje,llilli OA ABa TPil.JVIL\UOHanHil CHCTfMa nbAene BnUCTIi. Hecnop­. . ,HO Ie Ail Je y OCHODH ycnoCTaBJbeH HapnaMe»TapHl-/l-1HC1:HTyUHOHaJlHl-/ Olump, HpH 'IeMy cy Hp"MfTml Hnojf,ll}JHH eJleMeHTIi npeAC~H.J'Il\or Ci'lCTeMa 6YAY­nH Aa we¢! Ap*<lBe HfHOCpf,llHO }IJil6pUH 0,11 CTpaHe rF1al)aHa IIlije OrpaHH'IeH

, 429 JlM,Ilirja nacra, YCrTI~~fI~ [lc,\l<!KpMilllj~ " (flt)go'fJO:pMIicK'r ~ofl"7i"m)''lllj'l gpyrurTI~", r

P"IlMKIUI HuaP"JIa II ,Ilp. (yp.), Pmli"9 )yiO,'!I,ldUjt - fJpogyJKriiiM. WIll Kpl1j "Io'mjt, HH· ClIlTYT 31 eDponcKc CTYll,ije, BeorpAA. 1991, Clp. 114-1 15­

430 n"aIIt HiIKQnHli, Y,m1l6 Ptily6l1~u Cp6uj, lJg199G. /ogw.lft U Ilpu6~cM~ gcMoKpaiUuJa'I'" jc, rn"""e H.J.l(on~h. 0[1 P<"Ci41qllgO 6tJIf.I~" W. Ifllgt.C'p. cit, l:Tp. 1l3.

4)1 H"nc,llcno npcMa: Oro6ollaH A·HTOlfllh, 3)p06llJtflo JCAIIl>", l!lTKp08CI!>e, Ecorp~,Il. 2001, cTp.4lJ. '

Ha BpWe!hf HCXJbY'UIBO npOTOKQnapmu OBJI~Wnelba. Y lJawoj yCTaBHonpaB­HOj TeopHjH HJp<m:eHO je ~JHllllbe!he,IIa"nOCTaBn,eHH CHCTeM Ja liJ60p npe,o;­, ce,ll)IliKa Peny6J1HKe, ynope,aHO nOCMaTpilHO, ~COUHpa Ha npe,o;Ce,llHHlfKH MO' Aen nOAene BJlaCnl, Ca jalOfM npe;J;ceAHH~oM':~Jl Me~yrHM, ,IIoca,llalllH>e KOMnapaTHBHO"yCTaBHonpaBHO HCK}'CTBO He}rqH Hac Aa je HenocpeAUH H360p LJ1e¢ia ,IIp:lKaBe HecnojKB COl HHCTHTy:qHoHaJlnO,M no rliKOM napnaMeHTapHOr CH· CTeMa. HHCy JaHeMaplbK.l!Ii yCTaBHH CHeTeMlilKOjH YKOpHCT HenocpeAHo Yl3a­6paHor we¢iu Ap)l(iU\e npoKlH1Myjy oBl1awhei;t.a HCKJbYlfHao npOToKonapHor KapaKTepa (Ha npliMep, iiyrapCKa, MaKe,o;on\'1ja). HCTOBpeMeHo, MO>l\7eMO ce nOACe'IlfTH Aa npeACe;J;HHKa CNl 6Hpa eneK1-0pCKH KOJlernjyM. aJlH Aa HeMa HHjf,llHOr, Hone OJ6UlhHHjer, TeOpeTH'Iilpa "oj" 6H OBOj Ap)l(aBH MOraO,IIa ocnO· pH CBOjCTBO aYTeliTIi'lHor npe.o;ceAHH'IKor C~CTeMa. )J;aKJIe. liaKO OJ:\ 3Ha'laja, Ha'iliH lf360pa we¢ia ,IIp)f(aBe HHje eJleMfH1: KOjH 6H npecYAHo Morao Aa yTH'Ie Ha KBilJIli4>HKaL1~Jjy jeAHor CHCTe~la BJlacrH, H.3YJea yKOJllf"O ce OCJlalt>aMO HC­, KIb)"lHSO Ha ¢i0pMilJIHe KUpaKTepHCTJIKe npH oApel)HBa!hy it>eroBe npnpO,lle, liTO CBaKaKO Hlije TeoplijcKo onpeAelbelhe nHcua OB}IX pfAosa. Y TOM CM.lC1lY, Ja oApel)HBalbe npaBHe npHpOAe je;J;Hor nleteMa aJlaCTH 0,11 npeTl:>KHHjer je 3Ha'laja ,IIeJlOKpyr OBJlamnelha KojHMa pacnoJlptce llIe¢i ,IIp;.KUBe.

Pa3YMe ce Aa ne Yl3saH Hawer BHAoKpyra oCTaTH OHa OBJlaWnelt>a npeA­ceAHH"a Peny6nHKe KOja ce TPa,D;HL\HOHallHoinosepaBajy we¢iy Ap;.KaBe. Ha­Ula he naJKlt>a, AalU1e, 6HTtl npBelicTBeHo yCMfpeHa lia aHilJIli3Y OtlHX OBJla­Illnelha we¢iu ;:;plKaBe "oja cy nojeAHHilloJ T~penl'l.apHMa nocnptmJla Kao apryMeHT Ja oCnopasa!he napJlaMeHTapHe nBHpoAf ycnoCTaslloeHor nlCTeMa BnaCTH,)1 Koja npeACTaB1bujy "HJpaJ Hil3a,IImp;. cxaaTUlt>a HTe)Klh1i Ja cnyra­BalheM pasMa.'Ca AeMoKpaTcKor nomlnl<{Kor )J{~IBoTa~. m OBJla llIh~tbe npe,IICeA­HnKa Peny6mlKe p;a npeW10)f(.1 l>laH,il,aT:lpa 3a (aCTaS BJla,IIe, HaKOn WTO cacny·, wa MHllIlbe!he npe,IICTaBliHKa Ben;IHfY H~POA:HOj cKynwnIHH, ..y nOTnynocTH je y ,ayxy napnaMeHTapHe BJla;J;<lBlIHe-:J .. Taq~o je, YCTaB He 06aBeJyje npe,ll­ce,llliliKa Peny6mlKe ,IIa HP}l HptAJlaralhY KaHA~IAaTa Ja npe,llce,llHHKa Ma,lle HCHollITyje BOIbY napnaMeHTapHe Berume, Mei)ynlM, jacHo je,lla 6n nenpiJ::l:Ba­Ta!he BenHHcKor MHillJbel-ba 6.1no 6eJ H3r11e.o;a JU ycnex, na TaKO H nOnliTtI'lKIi HfCBpC}lCXOAHo. )J;aKlle, OBa((O ¢!OpMyJl}ICanq yCTaBHO pewe!he llH:eMoryhaaa HpeAce,o;Hmal Peny611.1Ke Aa 3U npe1Trmjepa HilMeTHe ml'lHOCT KOjil HeMa nOJlp­llIKy HapJlUMeHTapHe BehilHe. 3a pa:muKy OA npeOBna!jyjyner pewelt>a y nony­Hpt:~ceAHH'IKliM C.ICTeMIU,la y KOjll!>l<l we¢i ,ap:>K.aBe liMeHyje npet-mjepa, a lia lherOB npeAJlOr ~ OCTilJIe IfnaHOBe BJl<l,af, yyCTaBnoM CHCTeMy Cp6.1je O,ll 1990. BJla;J;a je ,II06HjaJla .IHBeCTHTYPY 0,11 HurOAHe cKynlll1"HHe.

432 An.el<c:lH,Il~p <J>Hpa. EHlI~lUlO/kgui'l y,'U"OHO!llp"O<l 6~16U"U;jyj"""~~<"CKU.~ JeM'ur.o, TO~l

II, Y,ijj<lUHO ~P060 Ptily6"uKf Cp6,Jc u PtiiyiJRUKt; Up"e n'pe. AreHu.Hj~ Map, HOBl! C;IJ.l. 1992.crp. a3. I

433 llaBJlt HKKOJllfh, Ycilio6 Ptuy(lllu,:,' Cp6ujt "[I 1990. [oBu"c ~ '-'P0";JltMU gtAlo.-:p"mUJ<lllU· jt.Op. clt.. crp. 112. :

4H MKO,llpar )08K'Iilh. YCillIJBHll iJo~o»(<Jj llpt9"B,ur"<l Pt,ly(ltU//(e iio ""BOM Ycmoay Cp6,yt. op. cif.. CTp. 56.

Page 6: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

300 IIoJl)'iiP'9,t9HU'IKU cUCWt>(

CaMOCianHO OBnaWnetbe cycneHs,KBHor s,aKOHO,l\aBHOr BeTa, no MKllllbe·

Ihy MeKCaH;qpa ¢lHpe, CMaTpace eneMeHTO!rl KapaKTepKCnf'lHHM 3a npe;qce,n­

HK'IKH CHCTeM.m Me!)yTHM. He MO)J(e ce nopel'lH ;qa je npaBO cycneH3HBHor

BeTa, KOjHM pacnona)f(e er3 eKYTKBa y o;qHOcyHa 3aKOHe na pnaMeHTa ,alleKBaT­

HKje KHCiHTY~HOHaJIHoj norH~K naplIaMeHTapK3Ma KojH 1I0'lHBa Ha r K1l1coj

no,n:enK BnaCiK. Y TOM CMHCTIY. H3BeCHO je ,Ila KpaBO cycneH$HBHOr eeTa KO­

jKM paerrOlIa)f(e llle<p ,l\PJKaBe HKje HecnojHBO C rrapnaMeHTapHHM CHCTeMOM.

HCiOBpeMeHO, Keonxo;qHo je HCTal'lH na YCTaB Cp6Hje HKje npe;qBHneo xnanH­

q.KKOBa"y BenHHy 3a HOHonHO yCBajalhe oeTKpaHor saKOKa O,l\ CTpaHe naplla·

MeHTa. TaKo npe;qce;qHHK Peny6.rrHKe, KaKO oKBanHq.KKoBaH ..3aKOHO,l\aBHKM

<paKTOpoM",Ul.WO:IKe caMO,l\a ycnopH 3aKoHOnaBHIi npol.lec, anK He H;qa cnpe­

'IH yCBajaH>e HeKOr sakOHa. YOCTanOM, y TeopHjn je Beh 6Kno pe'lH 0 ToMe,[\a.

ce OBaxO yCTaHOan.eHO rrpaBO cycneH3HBHor BeTa npH H}'MepK'fXOM KBaHTIl·

<p}fKoaaH>Y lie Bpe,l\Hyje. Pa3YMe ce ;qa nHca~ OBKX pe,l\OBa HeMa HaMepy Aa

OBO npe;qce,l\H}lkOBO oBnawhetbe y nOTrrYHoCTH 06eSBpe,l\K, anH je HCCIIOpHO

Aa OliO y cny'fajy nociojatba CTa6HIlHe HapnaMeHTapHe nenHHe I10CTaje jano­

BO 'I He,llenOTBOpHo cpeACTBo 60p6e I1pOTItB HocKol\a 3aKoHo;qaBHe BnaCTK.

Dpe,l\CeAHKK Perry6nl1Ke pacrrona:>Ke K npaaOM ;qHconY~Hje. Me~YTKM, 3a

pa3nKKy- o,n: peUIetha I1pe;qBHl')cHor YcraBOM IIeTe <ppaHLO'CKe PCIlY6nKKe,

npellCe)l;HHK Cp6lije ~O)l(e;QapacnyCTM Hap0,l\HY CKynurTHHy jeAKHo Ha 06pa­

3nOlKeHH npep.llor Bna;qe. ,l:(aKne, weeP Ap*aBe He MO:>Ke caMOCTanHo;qa HHH­

l\Hpa paCIlYWTalhe npe,l\CTaBHH'lKOr Tena Ben My je caMO oCTaBn.eHa Moryh·

HOCi ,n:a ap6KTpKpa y cYK06y H3Mel)y BI1a,l\e K HapOIiHe cKynWn1He. Ha Taj

Ha'l}lH, 6y;qyhK HeCalrlOCTanHO jep 3aB}/CK o.n; rrpe;qnora BlIaJle, npaBO Ha ;qHCO­

nyuHjy lie MO)f(e OUT.I ;qenOTBOpHO cpeAcTBO nonKm'lKe 60p6e nponlB nap­

naMeHTapHe Ben;/He cyrrpOTHc I10IlHTK':IKe opKjeHTal\Hje y nepKO,ll,HMa KOxa­

6Hi311Hje. Mel)yTltM, DaBne HKKOlllfh CMaipa Aa HpCllce,n:H}rK PeIlY6Jl'KKe

paCHona)l(e HeorpaHH'IeHKM I1paBoM pocnywTaH.a cKynwTHHe, npH '1eM)' ce

He MO)Ke c:MaipaT}! orpaHK'IelbeM Aa TO BpUlK Ha I1peWtor BlIa,ll,e jep je oHa ca­

CTaBHH Aeo ef3eKYi~IBe.m He MO)f(e ce ocnopKnr 1\a je Bna;qa cacTaSHH ;qeo

ef3eKyTHBe, ann je aHa OpraH}l.3aQKOHO H <PYHKQI10HaIIHO He3aBHCHa O,l\ npe,n:­

Ce1\HHka Peny6l1HKe. YOCTaI10M, 3ap npal!o ,l\KConytlHje H HHje YCiaHOBn.eHo

y KOpHCT er3eKYTilBe Kao npOTKBTeJKa npaBY I1apnaMeHTa,[\a. Ks,rnaca HenOBe­

pelhe BI1a;qH, paJlH ycnoCTaBn.atha ekBKnH6pHjylrll!. H3Mel)y ABe rpaHe Bll"acrn

1I0nl1m'lKOr KapaKTepa. AKO ce KMa y BK;Qy 'IHlheHHQa Aa Bna;qa npOK3IIa3H

H3 napnaMeHTapHe BehHHe, jacHo je,n:a OHa y pe;qoBHHM OlCOnHOCTHMa Hehe

K3a3KBaTK pacIlywTatbe Hap0,l\He CKynWTIlHe 6y,l\yhH ;qa Ha TaII:aB Ha'lHH

yrpO)f(aBa H nwjy nonI1TK'IK)' ef3KCTeH~Kjy. Y TOM cMKcny, HeMa ;QilneMe ,na

435 AneKCaHJlJp <fIllpa.. Cp~'Ko-rlPl101op'Ku QPi!9'I!9I1U'IICU Mogel!. y Ailfl.O.HJlap <filipa, .3ailu· C1I 0 QPQ~"OM fJ,OpemKy. Cn)'>ll.i5eHH mleT CPl, EeorplJl, 1996, CTV· 165.

436 MMOJlpar lOBII'IIII'l, op. dt., CTp. 57. 437 naMe Hlll<OlUch. HIlCillIIWyl;uj" u><rlja 9f1JlCQICe y Cp6ujw U fyl(JO/Q6UjU, Ynaall' HMKO­

IIvfl, Og paciJQ!J" 90 6tmQ~a v Hagr, op. cil., crp. 120.

Jlt:O ugJJU - fIpa~>la fipupo!Jo O'£UifMQ Mac"," y PTiiy61lUllu Cp6l.1.ju 301

ie npaso pacnyurraH>3 Hap0,llHe cK}'TIWTJlHe, KOjHM paClIOna:lKe rrpeAce,llHKK Peny6nKKe, yCTaHOBl'beHO YJJ;yxy rrapJl3MeWfapHOr CJ1C'feMa.

LIa 31CmBHO yTK'Ie Ha nOJlHTH'IKe rrp0l.\ece y caojoj 3eMJbH npe,llCej:\HKKY

Perry6mfKe He oMoryliaB3 HK npaso Jt3 npe):lJl:l)f(e CY.llHje YCT3BHor cyw., 'H{jH

je 1f36op YHaJVleltmOCTH HapOllHe n:ynwmHe. C 063HpOM Ha To,n;a je $yHK­QKja cY:r:lKja YCTaBHor cY.lla CTaJlHa, 6Mhe npeJ\cellHKKa KojK K Hene OliTK y npKmruK Jla 3a BpeMe T'pajatba coor MaHJlaTa KCKopKcTe OBO cBoje npaBO.

Yje,ltHO, npeJlcejJJIKK PellYonKKC rrpK Bpwelby OBor npaoa yaeK he 6KTlf npK­

HY~eH Jla B~K pa'l)'Ha 0 pacnono:>Ketby llapnaMeHTapHe BenHHe, 'IKMe je Ibe­

roBa cn060Jla npK npeWtari: Ihy KaKJlK,l\aTa 3a cy.Il:Hje YCTaBHOr cy~a 3HaTHO

cy)f(eH3. 11:l"seCHO je, )'KonK~O ce KSy3Me npBoK3a6paHH npeJlCeJlHKK PellY­

6nKKe KOjK hc 6Km y I1pKnK~K Jla KCTOBpeMeHO npellnO)f(H CBe CY~Kje YeTaB­

Hor cy.na,.n;a HHje,n:aH I10TOlhH llIeq. Ap)f(ane Hehe 6Km y clfTya~KjK ,n:a 6liTHK­

jc ym'le Ha caCTaB OI~or opraHa 3a,qy:>KeHOr 3a 3awTKTy YCTaBHOCTIt.

IIpeoCTano je ~a aHanK3HpaMO BaHpeAHa oBnawhetba npe.n;CCjtHlIKa Pe­

ny6nKKc Koja cy y TeopHjK Ksa3Bana HajBHwc rroneMHKe K Koja cy rrojejtKHe

rrKCQe HaBeJTa Ha SaKJbY'lak ~a YCTaB Cp6Kje OBOj HHCTKTyulijlf ,l\aje "K.lyseT·

Hy, TaKopenH ~esapKcrK'{kY BnaeT"y..'1 HeMa AlineMe Aa ce OBa yCTaBHa pewe­

Iha He MOry aHanHSKpaTH HSBaH APYWTBeHor MHJbea y KOMe cy ,n:OHeTa. HaH­

M.e, C 063HPOM Ha CBe HlBecHKjr; pacrraA O:DPT, WTO je HeMl'IHOBHO

npeTIlOCTaB1banO K peWaBatbe cpnCkor Ha~KOHanHornHTatba, cpnCkfr ycra­

~JOTBopa~je HacTojao Aa yclloCTaBK ,n:ellOTBopHe yCTaBHe MexaHlnlrre 3a 1\eno­

jl3lhe y BaHpCjtHKM "pKIlKkaMa. JacHO je ,n:a B3Hpe.ltHe OKonHoeTU 3alCTeBajy

6PlO pearoaalbe K KOHl\eHTpHCaft:,e ollaCTH, a HajnpKpO,ll}H!je, yje;qHo }I KeM­

rrapaTllBtlO Haj}"leCTanKje, jecTe TO,l\a Henoepe;qHo }13a6paH npe,n:ce;qHllK Pe­

I1y6nHKe 6Y,lle opraH KOMe ce 1l0oepaBajy IisyseiHa OBnaWnelha. Hecylr!lbKBO

je,n:a naHpe,u:Ha, Kao H cna ;qpyra onllaurhetba Mory6HTlI snoyrroipe6JbeRa. Me­

I)yTKM, OCHOBHK saAaUk CBakor YCTaBOnKcl\a je jta, oes KpyTor po60B3lha

noje,l\KHKM TeopnjcKKM rrpeMKcaMa, y ,l\3iOM KCTOplljCKOM KOHiekCiY CTBO­

pH WTO ,nenOT'BOpH}!jy opraHKSal\Hjy BnaCiK. 3aiO, 'fyBeIla Mal{CKMa TOMaca

ITejHa (Thomas Paine) ;qa je Haj601l>3 OHa BnaCT y kOjoj "If/ola HajMatbe BnaCTK

MO)l(e 6KTK npKXBahcHa caMO y OKonHOCTHMa ka;qa H}lje yrpO)f(eH OnCTaH:lK

Ha~Kje H pe;qOBHo q.YHKl\HOHUCalbe ft:,eHKX IfHcmTY~Kja. He Tpe6a 3a60pa­

BKTH Aa je npellCe,l\HUK Peny6IIHKe Henocpe;qHo 01lrOBOpaH rpal)aH}\Ma 3a Bp­

wetbe CBOjKX OBlIawneJt,a. YOCTanoM, YCTaB Cp6Hje HKje HSy3eTaK Ka;:ta je y

mfia)by npoxnaMOBatbC BaHpeA"KX OBJIalllnetb3 y kOpKeT Ilpe~ce;qHKKa PellY­

6nKKe jep je jom 1919. BajMapcKK yCTaBOTBOpaq CXBaTKO HeonxoliHocT tbKXO­

Bor nocrojatba. IIo,nceTHMo ce.n;a YCTaB ¢lpaH~ycKe jow wKpe nocraBlba BaH­

pellHa OBnaWnelha npe;qce,o;HHKa Peny6nKke 3a '1Kje My Bpwelbe HKje nOTpe6aH

npeMaIlOTnKc Bna;qe, WTO HKje Cnpe'iHlIO OBy ;Qp)l(aBy ;Qa KMa Y30paH ;Qe­

MOKpa't'cKK 1l0nHTK~KH )f(HBOT. Je;QHHa 3aMepKa Koja 6H ce Morna ynYiKTK

438 Kocn 'lauOilllCM. Tp.~a ]yrfXJlr>6wjr> y /10110/1( yriIltll1llo.1rl pyxy. op. cit., CTp. 119.

Page 7: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

303 I nWlXr.pt9't91'1/.~KU Cl/clllf'M302 ;

CpnCKOM YCTaBOTBOPl.\y jecTe TO WTO l- Kje Hpel.l,}{3J.lp~O Ieoje (1I060):le K apaaa

rpaljaHa MOry 6Knt orpaHJ.l'feH:l. apK BprneH>y BaHpeA~KX OBilawneH>a. Ha, ,lJ;H­lIeMa Aa mt BaHpe.llH:l. OfllTaumeH>:l. npe,!lCe,RHHKa PenY?llKI(e Cp6Hje yTHpy IlYT

ycnOCTaBlbali>Y llHl[He BlIilCTll. HIm He yntpy oCTaje ~e3 OCHOBa aKa ce "Ma y

BH,IJ;Y 'UitheHHI.1a.na je YBo~elhe B<1HpellHOr CT:l.H>a 6H.BO y HaW1e)t(HOCTH caBe­

3He .np)Kaae. IIo,llceTHMo ce):lil. je YcraBOM CPJ 0,/\ 1992. KOMaH):IOB:l.lhe BOjCKOM

lyrocn:l.BHje nOBepeHO BpxOBHOPd C3Bl:Ty O,lJ;6paHe, ):Idle je npOrllaW:l.B;lJi,e POIT­

Hor cr;lft>il.. CT:l.H>il. HenocpeAHe paTHl: onaCHOCTH H B<iHpe,lJ;HOr c.alba noaepe·

HO CaBe3Hoj cKynwnlHH ('UlaH 78), DAHOCHO Cane3koj Bnal])'! KiljlJ. Calle3/ia CKynwnwa HHje y MorynHoCTH,IIa ce cacTilHe ('IlHLH'99). ):Iatene, t\OHQwel-heM C:I.Be3HOr YCT:LIla ella oBllilrnneH>il npe,llceAHHKil PenyplIHKe Cp6Hje Be3aHa 3a

PYKoBo~elbc OpyJKal!HM cHaraMa H 3a BaHpt:J{He npK{HlKe npeCTana cy Aa no­

cToje carnactlo Ha'leny lex superior derogat inledori'p9 Y1naK, 6e3 o63Hpa Ha

npecTaHaK BaJKeH>a OBHX YCTaBH}IX HOp..IH, CMaTpaM~ Aa BaHpeAHa oBnarnne­

H>a He cMejy 6}ITH peTa y 063Hp npll otlpel)}IBaJi,y npupotle jeAHor OICTeMa

Blla(TH 6ytlyn}J Aa je y CTalbY AplKaBHe HyJKAe cnac ooral,l6HHe He caMO BpXOB­

HH Ben H jep;HH}1 3aKOH. TeopeTwlapeycTaBHor npaBa, npe CBera, Tpe6a Aa 3a­

HHMa tlelloKpyr peAOBHW, yCTaBmL't OBllalllneH>a rneqia AplKaBe'H 4JYHKI.1}IOHK­

cil.H>e cKCTeMa Bl'laCTK y pellOBHHM OKOllHOCTKMa. I , .

HBnOOleTKY. Tpe6a Aa OTKllomlMO tlKl'leMy Aa llt' Je ~!(TOIBOTBOpal.1, C 06­

3KpOM Ha yCTaBHonpaBHK nOllOJKaj npeACe,!lHHKa feny;Smue, a npe CBera

HMajynH y BHtly tlelloKPyr H>erOBHlt: Ha,lI,lleJKKOCTH, q:po;lycTioIO tla npeABtlAtl

HHcTHTyT npeManoTnKca BllaAe Hml HHje. KaKO ce Ha tl0C;tAarnli>er HJlIaraH>a

MO}/(C 3aKlbYl(HTH, npe,llCetlH,JK PeHy611HKe y Bprneli.y CBOjHJC HaAllelKHOCTlf

ClI( <lKT( tlOHOnl caMocrallHo, }J3Y3(B UJTO HeKe Otl nix aKaTa tlOHOCH Ha o6pa­

3llOlKeH npeWlOr Bl'lap;e uml no Hp~J6aBJbeHo"l r..mwlbeIi>Y npeACetlmJKa BlIa­

Ae. YCTaBHa oApetl6a 0 oAroBopHocnl npeACe,!lHUKa Feny6IIHKe jeAHHo 3a Kp­

W(H>e YCTaBa, no pC'Iu"lil. MHOtlpJ.ra fOllwluna, dBeAOl(U 0 HenocTojali>y

H>erOBe 1l0IHlTHl(Ke oAroBopHocTIot, WTO je "jorn jeAqH OA yraoHHx KaMeHOBa

yrpa~eHllx y Te"lelbe 3rpatle 'jaKor npeAce,n,HIlKa'''.~.j[ITalJ.Ho je f-\Ol je nOI'lHTMl(Ka, HeOtlrOBOpHoCT rne4Ja ApJKaBe y tlyxy naplIUMcHTapljlor OICTeMa, ;IllK je 3aTO,

HO MHUllbelhY OBor mlCl\a, Tpe6al'l0 npeABHtleTH HHqTllTYT npeManOTllHCa Ha

OCHOBy Kora 6llll/lap;a npepHMill'la nOI'lHTKlJ.Ky OArO/JopHoCT 3a CBe npetlce,l\­

JHlKOBe aKTe. Yje,n,KO, cMaTpa)oBH'Itln, HenocToj aH>e HHCTHTFa HpeManoTllH­

COl npep;CTaBJba CHaJKaH apry..reHT y npKnor Cx.BaTaHly 0 nocToj~ li>y MernOBH­

Tor, nOlpllaMeHTapHo-npeP;Ce,!lHHlJ.KOr CHCTeMa no TaAarnH>eM CpHCKOM

YCTaBy.~~1 IIop;ceTKMO ce ,0,01 je HHCTHTyT npeManotmK3 HaCTao y OKpJlJbY

yCTaBHe napl'laMeHTapHe MOHilpMJje y Kojojje MOHapxa, 3aTO rnTO HHjepaCno-I

l'IarJ.o peOlIIHHM HOllHTHl(nJM nemTIlMJITeTOM, Tpe6a~0 OrpaHHl(KTJI y BprneH>y

, 439 BMAeTll: PilTKO Mapl<OaOlh, Y"Jj~6M~ CrPQ60 U uQlluliiu'<ItF uMcUluliiyllujt, up. ~il., ctp.

252-253. 440 Mllo)1pn /OBII'IMI:I, up. cit., ~"Tp. 64. 401.1 Mlloli:p",r /OBII'I)lh, op. cit., erp. 63.

lIto cegAlu - nprl6MII upufXlga (ucll:le.\I(J 6Jlaclllu y Peuy6nuu,u Cp6uju

li>erOB¥iX OBllarnneH>a. Ca nOTnKCHBaH>eM "IOHapxoBHX ilKaTa Bnalla je, Kao , opraH ca peallHHM nonHTH'iKHM lIernTIIMHreTOM 3aCHOBilllKM Ha nOApUUJ;K

HOIpllaMeHTapHe BenHHe, Ka ce6e npeYJI1M alI\l nOnKTH'IKy oArosopKoCT. IIpe,Il'

ceAKKK Peny6llHKe, Ka OCKOBy YCTJ.Ba OA 199:0, KenOCpetlHO je oAroBopJ.1l rpa.

1)aHI1Ma KOjH cy ra Ka Ty 4JyHKI.1Kjy K3a6pil,nl1, a OCHOBKH CMHcao yCTaHoDe

npeMaIloTnHca jecTe Aa rne4J Ap)t[aBe, KOjl1 Hlije HcnocpeAHo oAroBopaK, npe­

KO Bl'la,lle nocnrne nocpeAHO oAroBopaK. YfHCTHTyT npeManOTJlJlCa npetleeA'

HKKa Peny6IIHKe y'iKHHO 6H JaBKCHI1M Otl ~ sna,l\e, 360r l(era 6H OK nOCTao

cBojeBpcHH lt360pHH MOHOIpX KOjK je CUMO MOMHHanH~1 HOCHnaI.1 yCTaDHIU

OBnarnneli>a. IIpe,o,ce,l\KIlK Peny6IIKKe, B,DI<He je HCTan}l, He pacnoniDKe etj>eK­

THBHHM OBlIaWne./bI1"Ia y OKBKpy K3BpUlHe B{IaCTK Ma OCHOBy KOjHX 6Jl aKTIIB'

HO MoraD,lta ynll(e Ha nOnHTK'IKe npOl\cce Deb pnCnolla,Ke npeTeJKKO ap6}1­

Tpn)t[HHJ>I oBllJ.Wneli>KMa Koja J\IY oMoryna,Bajy Aa YCKJla~yjc ASe aKT}lBHe

BlIaCTH, B!laAY K napllJ.MeHT. JaCKO je Aa ne ry CBOjy tj>yHKl\Hjy I>IOAepaTopKe

BllaCTK npeACe,l\HHK Peny6nHKe "lOn~l Aa 06aBlha ~leKlhY"lI1I\O .11,0 je KeJ;lBK­

caH OA Bnatle. Hu Taj Hal(MH, HeCy"lH>tIBo je ',1\.1 6K KnCTI1TyT npe"lanOTnKca

rpy60 npOTHBpe'rHO KOHI.\eHTy we4JiI AP)t[J, Be ap 6Ktpil KOjy je yCTaBoTDOpal\

tlOl\eIIKO npeAcetlHHKy Peny6mlKe.

Y Harnoj nHTepaTypH He nOCTojl1 carnaSHOCT 0 npaBKoj npHpOA}1 Ycn­

BOM Otl1990. ycnOCTaBlheHor OICTCMa BllaCTH, TaKo ce 0 H>e"IY rOBopK Kao

o ..x116PHAHOM npeACe./lH~I'iKOM cKcTeMy"""1 ....leUlOBKTOM pernelhy y KOMe

npeOBlIiIAaBajy elIeMeHTIoI npe,l\ceAHKl(l(or 1ti0Aena",W ..MernOBHTOM naplla­

"IeHTapH 0- npetlCeAH ,1'1KOM cHeTeM y'~«. "KB a3}lnapnaMeHTapHOM C~ICTeMy

ca H3pa3~lro./lO..IHHaHTHOM n0311l\~ljO"1 npeA'Cel:lHHKa Peny6mIKe~""1l "nap­

lIaMeHHlpK3MY y pal\KOHaIIH30BaHO..1 06m~I[y"!"· CTIoll(e ce YTiolcaK Aa ee

HaWK TeOpeTHl(apH carnarnaBajy ca..10 y TOMe Aa YCTaBO..l OA 1990. mlje, yCTaHoBn.eH y CBO"I '1HCTOM TeopHjcKO"J D6~KKY HHjellaH OA ABa TpaAHl\}I­

OHanHa CHCTe..la nO,l\elIe BnaCTJI. HeMOl A~JlleMe tla OBHM yCTaBoM Cp6Hja

KHje A06~llIa npe,l\Ce,l\H~Il(KHOICTeM BlIacTioI. flocTojalhc BlIaAe ca caMOCTan­

HHM tlelloKpyrO,,1 HOl.o;lIe)t[HOCTIoI, nOII~ITKl(KJH oArosopHe HapoAHoj Cfqn­

rnTHHK, Koja je npll TOM OpraHH3aI.1.10HO H ,4JYHKI.1HOHJ.IIHO He3aBHCHa OA

npeAceAHHKa Peny6mlKe, cnpel(aBa Hac Aa !iHcnITYI.1JIOHanHI1 OKSUp Cp.

6Jlje CBpCTaMO y KilTeropHjy npeAceAHK'IK}[X CHCTeMa. ,OaKlIe, C 063l'1pO"1

Hil TpHXOTOMHjy CIlCTeMJ. nOAelle BlIacnl yCDojeHe y ODOM paAy, npeocTilje

HaM Aa CHCTeM BlIaCTH Cp6Hje cBpcTaMo y K~TeropHjy nOlIynpel\CClIHHl(KOr

Itml nOlpllaMeKTapHor CHCTeMa.

, ;[42 Ko~'T~ '1~BOllJl(ll,1'J1'tfl<l JyIOCll(J6U/11 Y H""O,", xn1ia6t10H p,.~y, op. cll., ~"Tp. 121. 443 A!leKnK/i:ap 4>JlP~, CpUCKo-l;/JMorop" .." {jpt'!J"'!JMU'fKU Hogell, op. cil.• eTp. 163. 4;[.1 MjJOLlPar JOBIl'lllh: nOpJlUJ>ltMWapMIl ,,,,wr.,. '1a<'yiiplJiU Upe9"gHU,<ItO.\l U cKJlllllfijllM_

CIUl.lo< cuciUe",y, op. cit" erp. 38. i 401.5 [laBile HHKonMh, n'lpJlQAII!MlIIapUJ,lA' 1/ 'UCai~M 6JlacllJu y JyIOC!1<I8IljUgQMQC, YflaDne HH'

KOJIllh, 09 paCliC/glI go 6eJHllb'j II H,'ge, op. cit" CTp. ,157. 446 PnTl<O M~pI(Olilih. npcgio80p, y Yciii<l6 Pelly6!1/l1'1! Cpullje, CUBpoleHu ;I,lIMMHUCTpaLl"'ja,

199,2, cTp.lIl.

Page 8: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

304 305 nOllyl1pe9Cl9NU~I(U CUCmeM

.uocaAann~a 3MaJlK33 HHCTKryUHOHanHOr OKBKpa Cp6Kje 011 1990, a K

pe"!K Jberosor KpeaTopa PaTKa MapKOBHha,+l1 H3Bo;qe Ha 33KJh)"laK Ila je

OCHoBHa HaMepa cpncKor ycraBOTBOpI..\a 6H1Ia AD 011 npe;qceAKHK3 Peny6J1KKf

CTaOP" Mo;qepaTopny DII3CT. "ojl-! ceojuM He33BKCHKM YCT3BHonpaBHKM no· no)t(ajeM TPe6a ;qa o6es6e,lVf paBH01'e?K}' YMeX3HK3MY BJl3CTIol. HaMMe, KaKO

C3BpeMenH napnaMeHTapH3aM O,lvufKyje .n:OMHHaI..\Hja BJl3;qe H3,Q napn3MeH­

TOM, HeOJr.(o;qHo je KQHcTMTyllcaJbe je;J;lwr opraHa KOj" he Ha npKHLJ;ltny He­napn3MeHTapHe enexyTKlle 6KTH opraHH3al.lHOHO H epYHKllKOHaJlHO He33SH­

caH OAJ:lpyra ,!IDa, Ben nOMeHyT3, L\eliTpallHa optaH3 enaCTK. 3aTO je npeABH~eH

Henocpe,Q3H H360p npegce;qHHKa Peny6nHKe 0)]; c-rpaHe rpatj3H3, 'n/Me OK 110­6Hja CaMOCT3110lH nOIlKTH'OCH nerKTKMKTeT KCTOBeTaH OHOM KOjHM pacnona­

)ICe If napnaMeHT Kao onWTenpe.r:\CTaBHH'I'KO TellO. Pa3MI'lHTa ,IlYlKKHa MaH,Ila­

ra np~cegHHKa Peny6nKKe K HapO,i:lHHX nOCllaHHKa CBe,i:lO'lH 0 HaMepH

ycranoTBopUti ,i:la Kp03 KHCTHrytt;HjY'UIe<ptI ,i:lplKaB': 06e36e.!fH KOHTlIHy1iTeT

BnaCTH npM K360py ,i:lpyrK-'( opraHa BlltlCTK, Bna,i:le K HapnaMema. .D;a je yCTa­

BOTBOpaU npegce/lHnKy Peny611HKe KaMeHIfO HCKJh)"l'IfBO YllOIJ" MO,ll,epaTOp­

He BnaCTlf CBe,i:lO'l'n 1I/leJ1'0Kpyr JberOBHX oBnaw!letha. AKO ce 3aHeMape BaH­

pe/lHa oflJlawheJba. Koja cy KHa'l'e K HpeCTana,i:la nocToje ,i:lOHOWetheM YCTaBa

CP1 o,i:l1992. K Koja cy 6HlIa nocne.r:\lfua cneUH<pH'IHHX HCTOpHjCXKX OKOllHO'

CTKy KojKMace Peny6nKKa Cp6Kja HaJra3Hna. np~Ce,i:lHKKPeny6nKKe He pac­

, nOll3JKe e<peKTKDHOM Bnawhy. IIpK pe,i:lOaHOM 4!YHKUKOHHCathy YCTaDtlor eM­

creMa. npe,i:lCe,llHHK Peny611KKe He pacnonil>Ke oallawli.ethHMa Koja 6K w.y oMoIJ"hHlIa lla 3Ha'l'ajtlo ynl'l'e Ha CBaKO,llHeaHe nOnKTM'I'Ke npouece. Caoje

npaao llKconYu1ije npe,llCe,llHKK Peny611lfKe He MOlKe cBojea01bHO,i:la KOpHCTK

6YllyhH Aa w.y je 3a pacnyrnTathe Hap0,i:lHe CKynWTKHe HeOnXOlli1H 06pa3no­

)t(eH npf:,I7,JIor BnaAe,lloK ce 3a nonoaHo ycaajatt.e BCTHpaHor 3aKOHa He Tpa­

JKH noce6Ha. KB<lml4!KKOBaHa napllaMeHTapHa aehlfHa. .D;a je ycTaBoTBopaU

6KO WKpT npeMa npe,llCellHHKY Peny6nHKe MOry tlOCBe/lO'l'KTK HHCTKTyUHO­

Ha1lKa peu1etha llPyntX nOCTKOMyKIfCTK'I'KKX 3eMa.Jb3. tla oCMoay KOjHX weq,

Ap",aBe paCnolltJ:ll(e ., npaaOM KMeHOaalt>a K on03Kaa npeM.ltjepa, npaaoM

np~ce.ll<laaJba Ce,llH~IUaMa anaAe, npaBoM 3il.KOHO,i:laaHe HHKuKjaTKBe, "pa­

BOM C<l3HaaJba BaHpe,i:lKKX CeJlHIfUa napnaMeHTa, jil.'1IfM npaBoM cycneH3KB"

Kor Ben, np<lBOM Ha pacnHCKBaJbe pe4!epeHAYMa,CilMOCTallHKM npaJl,OM AH­

COIt}'UKje. caMoCTallHHM Bol)elt>eM cnolhHe nOllKTKKe KT,i:l. 3aHHM1bIfBO je l' oaOM KOKTeKC1')' nOMeHYTK K KHCTKT)'QIfOHallHa pemeJba IleTe q,paHQYCKe

peny611KKe Ha oCKony kojHX ce, HHje npeTepaKO pehH, meq, ,Ilp»::ane nojaB1by­

je K KaO npaBH llleq, Bna}\e 6YllytiK,Il,a npe,i:lce,llaaa ce,llHHUaMa MHHHCTapCKCIt

CilBe'l'a H nOTIlHcyje op,llOHaHCe If ,Il,eKpeTe yCBojeHe y OBOM TellY, UITO 3Ha'l'K

Ail )"Ieerayje y ,Il,OKOlllethy n01l3aKOKcKHX aKara.

i, YCTaBKa OBnawli.ett.a KojHMa pacnonne He oMoryhaBajy Hpe.n:ce/lHHKY

-yeny6nHKe Cp6Kje,lla 3a/l06Kje aKTKBH)' ytI0IJ"y OKBKpy eI'3exynme. HMajyli.H

447 BlflleTI: PaneD MDpIl:Dlllh. nprglolop, op. cit., CTp. IV.

)lro UgMIl - npOllfO ~p"pogo cuciiirMO MQclTlu y Pffiy6Jlu'IU Cp6"jll

YBIf,l{y llen:OKpyrYCTaBHKXOBnaUlheJba npeAC~HHKa Peny6nlfKe, a .1 H3pK'IH'

TO YCTaBHO peweJbe Koje npeABlfl)a Aa Bna.r:\a BOAK nOnKTlHcy Peny6IIHKe Cp­

6Hje, HellBOCMHCJIeno ce MO)t(e 3aKJh)"l'Klil ,Il,a je yCTaBoTBopaU rnpallo thoj

,IlO,llellKO yn0IJ"eq,eKTKBHOr K OHepaTKBHor .n:ena enelC)"TKBe. Ilpe.n:ce;tHKK Pe­

ny6nHKe He paCllonIDU cpe,ll,CTBKMa Ha OCHOBy KOjlO: 6'1 MOcaO,i:la ynt'le}la

pall analle. l'beM:.r je, ,ll;aKne./lO,ll;elbeHa ynora naCHBH()T /lena enelC)"THBe, KOjK

ap6KTplfpa H3Meijy Bna,i:le 'I HapO,[l.He cxynWTKHe, WTO ce llewaBa caMO l' H3Y­

3eTKO peTK}lM cMTyaUHjaMa JbHXOBOr cyK06a. C JrPyre cTpaHe, Hl:IpOll}la CICy11_

WTKHa pacnonbl:e HeOKpthe}lOM saKoHOllaBHOM Bnawhy, WMpOKO npOK.,'taMo­

Jl,aHOM H360pKOM epylUc.n;lfjoM, Kao 'I BeOMa 3Ha'l'ajHliM OBnawheJbHMa

nOIlHTH'I'Kor KapaKTepa. HCTOBpeMeHO, OCHM Tora IIITO 6Mpa 'I pa3pewaBa

allallY, Hap0,llHa cK}'TIWlilHa Mo)t(e,lla nOKpeHe nocTynaK on03KBa npegce,i:l­

KHKa Peny6nlfKe }'KonHKo je OH CBOjMM aKTKMa nOBpe.n:Ko YCTaB. Ha oCHoay

CBera H3pe'leHOr, HKie HpeTepaHO pellK ,i:la je Cp6Kja 1990. 1l06Hna, 3l:1 (}H.n:3­

WJbe nplfnKKe, jell<lH A06po H36anaHcHp3H CHCTeM B1It1CTK y KOMe HKje.n:aH or ueHrpallHKX opraHa MaCTK Ka oCHoay YCTaBHKX oBnawtiett.a Hlfje Morao ga

,ll;OMMHHpaHOllKTK"lKHM CHCTeMOM. HeMa ,ll;HneMe,ll;a je ca'ljBana liHCTHT)'llH"

OHanHa nOI'HKa nap1IaMemapK3Ma, 6Y,ll;yhK,II;a je 3a weq,a ,ll;p»::aBe pe~epBHC;;\­

Ha HCKJh)"l'KBO naCMBHa ynora y OKBHpy etJeKynme. Be3 063Kpa H3 TO IIITO ce

no HeKKM CBOjHM 06eneJlt(jKMa y,qalhyje Oll H3BopHor necTMMHCTepcKOr napn3­

MeHTapI(3Ma, opraHH3aQltja BnaClil Cp6Hje no OBOM ycrany HHje 3aKOpa'lHna

y oxpMn.e nOJrYnpe,ll;Ce,i:lHH'IKOr CKCTeMa. Y TOM CM}lCny, KaKO je TaKBO MH­

WJDeJbe HajMathe npHcyrHo l' Hawoj TeopKjH, 6e3pe3epBHO CM<lTpat.lO lla je

YCTaB Cp6Kje 0ll 1990. ycnocTaBKO napnaMeHrapHIf CHaeM BJI3CTK, pa3Yl>le

ce, ypaUHoHanH30BaH(}M 06nHKy 6y,ll;yhH lla je He3aJ.HI'CnUBO Aa y je,i:lHoj nOCT'

KOMYHMCTH'I'KOj 3eMlbK ca Hecra6H1IH IfM 'I BHCOKoepp<lrMeHTHcaHHM CTpaH<l'l_

KKM CHCTeMOM OJl,aj HHCTKTYQHOHanHn M(}llell epYHKU.IOHKwe n() }Iajnp(}cTil­

~ opcaHH3aLlMoJloj cxeMK Kao l' CBOjOj OCTpBCKOj KoneBUH.

nOllHTH'lKa npaxca Cp6lfje. - BHwe je pl:l3noca 3a TO WTO je 6HJIO He(}n­

XOAHO Ha. nplfMepy Cp6Hje OACTynKTK 0,11; HpKXBaheHor TeoplijcKor onpellelhe­

Jba lla ce I1pMpO,ll;a CKCTeMa BnaC11f He oApe~yje KCKlhY'IHBO Ha OCHOBy HopMa­

THBHe aH311H3e yCTaaHor TeKCTa Beh, npe cBera. Ha OCHOBy ",erOBor

OTenOBlbeJba l' npilKcH Ii epaKTH'IKOr BpweJ-ba nOnIfTH'I'Ke Bl!acrn. TIpBe}lCTne­

HO, CJl,e BpeMe HpHMeHe YCllBa 0,11; 1990. Cp6Hja je 61oln<l cYO'leKa ca pelllaBl:I­

JbeM Jql)t(aBHor nmaJba. HaKo Henocpe.n:Ho HHje Y'leCTlIOBl:IJla y paTOBHMa Ha

my 6HBWlO: peny6nHKa ClIlPJ. cy,ll6KHa npeKOJIpHHCKHX CYHapO.!fH.'K3 6Hna

je maBHa nonHTK'I'Ka TeMa l' Cp6HjK CBe,l40 OKOH'I<llha 0P}')K3HKX cyK06a. Ha­

KOH OKOH'I'aJba rpal)aHcKHx paToBa l' XpBaTcKoj H BocHK K XepueroBKHK 1995.

an6aHCKa H~KoHanHa Ml:Itt.MHa H<l KocoJl,y K Mero::rnjl'l KpcHyna je y 6ecKoM­

npOMKCHO H HaCHJI}JO oCTBapKBlUbe clIOjKX BKWe,ll;el.leHujcKHx cel.leCHOHK­

CTIi'l'Kl1X HaCTojatt.a. HanoClIen:y, HKje 3aHeMapJDKBO TO,ll;a je nO'lCTaK XXI

BeKa ca C060M AOKeo lol HeH3aeCHOCT y norn~ OneTaHXa 3aje,o;HJ«'1Ke Jlp:A<aBe

ca UpHOM fopOM, IlITO je Cilll(Q ,ll;OllaTHO VClIOJKlt>aBanO KOHaKO KOMnnKKnRlIl{"

Page 9: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

306 I, nV"y~pt9U9J'1U~"" _IlCWU. Jl(Q crg"''' - ITp"6IUI UPIlP<l9<l 'LI,iilt.\lQ 8l1U,iilu y PeUYWzUllll Cp6uju 307 ,

nOJIHTWiKe npHIlKKe y Cp6HjH. HcryHillbeM U;prre rOp~ I'IJ ApIK;lSHe Jaje,artH4e 2006. AplKaBHO nKtillbe y Cp6KjK HHje KOHa'iHO pellle~o jep je cYA6KH<l Koeo­ail If MeTOXHje H .IlaJbe HeH3BeCHil H YpyKaMil Mel))'HapbAHe JiljeAHHl\e. YKOIUI­

KO cy HOmiT",iKH HpOl\eCK y je,o;HOj 3elvUMI HenpeCTilKO oHTepelieHH pewaBa­

lbeM Ap:lKaBHOr K HilqKoHilJIHOr nHTalba, KOHilKO :KpXJOf If HecTa6KIlHH

AeMoKpaTcKH nopeA3K KOjK ce Kilnil3K y Hpollecy Tp.1H3lfulfje He MOJKe 6111H KOHCOJIK.!IOBilH. Ha Taj Hil'iHH, HpHXBaTaMO MKWlbeH>e lxyaHa JIHHUil H Anq,pe­

Ail CTenaHa, KOj" He,r:\BocMHcneKo JrcrH'iy Ail je KOHCoiIlIAOaOlH>e je,nHor AeMo·

KpilTcKor CHCTeMa Morylie KCKlbY'nfBo yx011HKO je pelllrHO IlPJKilSHO nHTillbel-lf

6YAYI'11'1 Ail cy "HeKH Ha'iHHH pe3peWaBa:ba np06neMa ApIKaBHocTH, caM,1 no

ce6H, HHKOMHaTH6HnHH ca AeMoKpaTHjo,"i':m ..llITo j~ BeI'm npou,eHaT Jl>yAH

HaAaToj TepHTOpHjH KOjH oceliajy Aa He mene Aa rrpHn;1Aajy oApet)eHoj Tepmo­

pHjanHoj jeA,lHHu,n", KaKO rrHWy OBa ,lJ,BojHu,a TeOpeTH-lapa, .....TO jeTe.:>Ke }"lDP­

CTHTH 6uno KaKBy .l\elrlOKpantjy y OKDHpy TaKBe je,o.UH~lu,e".~·"" Met,JYTH"I, OCllM

OBor rnaDHor, nOCToje ,I .l\pyn! pa3n03H KOjH 06jawlha*ajy 360r 'iera nOnHnl'i-·

K,I m~laOT HHCTUTyu,HOHaIlHor OKB'lpa HHje y cTalhy Aa, npHnOMorHe y O.l\pet)H­

BalbY npHpOAe, YCTaaoM 0.1\1990, YCHoCTaBJl>eHor CHCreMa Bnacnl. WecHaeCT

rO.l\'lHa npHMeHe je.l\HOr yCTaBHor CHCTeMa HCyBHwe ~e KpaTaK He.?'IOA Aa 6K

ce, y aM6HjeHTy 6ypHtlX HOntITK'iKHX .l\ewaaalba, "lomF yCTaHoBK·;}1 oApet,JeHe

HpaBHIlHocTH y therODOM 1JYHKI.\HOHHcaIhY. nODpX c~era Tora, aKO anam13a

tlHCTHryu,HOHanHH.X pewelha Mome 6HTtI nOTHyHO 06j~KTHB}la, aHanH3a nom'!­

nl'iKor IKtlBOTa 'itljH CMO Herrocpe,o.HH CBeAOutl 6KIlK TO CBa>:aKO He MOiKe 6K­

Ttl. Ha}JMe, 0 Typ6yneHTHtIM nOnHnl'iKHM rleWaDalhH~laHaKOH 1990, 360r He­

nocTojalha Heon.XOAHe KP~ITH'iKe Aw.:TaHl.\e, HeMoryoe ~e nOTnyHo 06jeKTKBHo

pacyt,JtIBanl. YnpaDo 360r Tora Hajflelitl 6poj HaWKX TFopeTH'iapa cprret.:y HO­

nl-lTH'IKy cnapHocT aHOInHJHpa C~alrIH() npHCTpacHo, ppHKa3yjyli'1 je H3pasH­

.0 .l\aJlTOHtICnl'lKJ.I, i1C"Jl>Y'l~IBO y j:lBe 60je, y L\pHOj HIPYIKII'iacnj. TaKaB HC­, . Kp~lfllbeHtl II orpaHtl'leHH nornej:l HJ CfleT He 6H 6~w j:lqCTOJ'lH OBora paj:la 360r

'Iera je HeonxoAHo ca'ieKanl.l\a npot)e jow 'ItlTaB HU3 ~Oj:lHHa j:la 61-1 ce a M~my­nOM, BeOMa OCeTlbl-lBOM nOmITIt'iKOM pa3j:l06Jl>Y, HpOr?BOp'lIlO HenpHcTpacHO

H 6e3 CYBtlWH~Ul eMOl.\~lja. Met,JynlM, TO He 3Ha'iII.I\a .l\OCaAalhlbl-l rrocTKo"lyBH­

CTH'IKH HOIlKTiI'IK;1 iKHflOT Cp6uje Tpe6a j:la 6Y.l\e y rlOTHyHOCTH 3aHeMapeH.

Hallponifl. Heorur.Oj:lHO je, 6e3 ;13HOUIelha Bpe,o.HOCHid:: CYj:lOBU, caMO rrOMeHy­

TH Hajylle'laTfbHflltje j:leTafbe H3 HOnHTtI'iKOr )f(H.BOTaIHaWe 3eMfbe Kojn "lory

caMO AOAaTHO j:la nOTKpeHe llpeT:tOAHo tl3HeTY Te3Y Aa je YCTaBOM 0.1\ 1990.

YCTaHoflfbeH J~aH 06mlK pal.\lolOHamt30Darror napmu'leHTaptJ3Ma. , HMajyhlt y fI~lj:ly OAHoce y OKfltlPY erseKYTHDe, rrqIlHTII'iKU ,KKBOT Cp6H­

je HaKOH AOHowetba YCTaaa OA 1990. MOIKe ce nOAen;ITH y .l\Ba, BpeMeHCKU ro­

TOllO H.I\eHTH'iHa, nep;loAa, a rpaHH'IHy Ta'iKy rrpel;lCTaBlba 1?97. rOAHHa. ,

443 B"lIeTH: XpH RUKl.\, Anq.llell CreH:l.H, .a";WOKP<lIlJ~""1oI 1IiP.IIJuL1uja II ,,"""QIICWl~9~1l1tftl, ..¢>ilnlln BHWHoIJh", 6eorp:I,/l" [998, <"lp. 20. ,

,

449 Xyall RilHl\, Antt>P<::l C«naK, (Jp dr., <TIl. 48. 450 XyaH R"Hl\. Anq,pell CunaK, (Jp. -it. CTp. 45.

npBH nepHoli je o6ene)/(ltna .l\OlrIHHaI.\Hja npe.o;¢eAHHKa Peny6nHKe KaKO yer3e­

tcyTKBH TaKO K Y OKBltpy uenOK}'TIHor nOnHTI/'iKOr cHcreMa. Met,J}'1'KM, CBOjy

.lI0lrIHH;lHnly Il03KUltjy Taj\awlbH npe.llce.l\rrHKjCp6Hje CIl060.llaH MHnoweBAA

(1990"':1997) HHje 3a.ll06HO KopHwhelbeM YCTi[LBHHX oDnarnlielba, Deli je CBOjy

nonHTIt'iKy MOO l\pnao K3 6e3ycnoBHe nOApw~e napnaMeHTapHe BeOJoUle, KOjoj

je OH 61t0 HenpltKOCHOfleH nH.JJ;ep. Bna.llajyha GOUHjamtCTK'lKa napTKja Cp6Hje ;t360pHe ycnexe 3aCHltBana je Ha rrorrynapHOCT~ CBor npe.o;ce.llHHKa, lUTO ce MO­

lICe HTr)'CTpOBaTH 'IltlbeHKUOM Aa je CIl060.l\aH ¥wIoweBHo Ha npeAce.llHH'IKHM

K360pltM3 yaeK Ao6Hjao 3HaTHO BHwe macoBa! OA cBoje cTpaHKe Ha napnaMeH­

TapHHM 1t360p~IMa.~' )J;aKlle, KaKO HcTH'ie CIl~60AaH AHTOH"O, HHje c-rpaHKa

6M3 Ta Koja je ;lcTHl\alla CBor npDaKa H OABoAMa ra AO H360pHe no6e.o;e, lleo

06pHyTO, npBaK je 6HO Taj KOj'l je HCTHL\ao cTpaKKy 'I oMoryliaBao joj BeliKHy

y napnaMeHTy.m TaKfle nOnHTH'iKe OKonHOCTH!CY oMoryliHne nOMepalbe Te)I(H­

WTa flnaL,H Ka er3eryTHBH. nope.ll Tora, Ha 'ienr Bna.l\e 6Hne cy nK'iHOCTH CUpa­

rynJH 3elleHoaHh, Paj\o"laH EOiKODHO, HHKon<\ lllaHHODHIi H MKpKO MapjaHo­

B"O) Koje, HMajyhH y aMy H,J1XOB cKpOMaH! nOmfTH'iKii yme.ll 'I nO.l\pet,JeH

CTpaHa'iKI1 cTaryc, HHey 6HIley npHnHL\HA<\ OKplbe rrpe,llCe,l:\HHKoay nOmITH'I­, Ky Man H .lIOBf.llY YIltrralbe thereBy AOMHHaHT~yn03HU"jy y ycraaHoM C;Jere­

MY, Bna.lle cy, KaKO je nHcao 10BH'iHIi, ,IMane caMo yllory "TpaHeMHCHOHor KaH­

wa" H3Met)y HpeAce,o.H;lKa Perry6nHKe 'I napnaMeHTa.~IJnpH TaKBoj paenOAellH

nOnKTH'lKe "lonH napJ1aMeHT je nOCTao caMOlnacKBHH nOCMaTpa'i nOmlTH'I­

KKX npoueca Koje je yCMepaaalla er3eKynlBa, 3~rrpaflO je.l\aH lbeK .lIeo, npe,o.ee.o;­

HKK Peny6mlKe. DBa KOHCTaTaL\Hja ce MO)f(e ~nYCTpOBaTK 'i,ltheH"UOM .l\a je

BnaAa f1HHL\Hpana 'iaK 95 0ACTO 3aKOHa Koje je (fCBOjHO napnaMeHT y ea3}IBY 0.1\

1992. AO 1996. HHje 3aHeMapJbflBO HanO/>leHY11U H 'iHlbeH"JJ;y Aa je napnaMeHT

BnaAHHe npe.l\nore 3aKOHa 'ieCTO yCllajao 6e3 :HKaKlle pacHpafle, na je OCTano

3a6elle)f(eHO KaKO je Ha 3ace.o;alby OA ZO. MapTa' 1996. 3a caMO je.o;aH caT yeBoje­

HO .lIeDeT 3aKOHa H H3MeHa 3aKOHa.·;..o Y1CToflp~MeHO, penanlBHO cna6 cycneH­

3HBHn BeTO KOjHM je pacnollarao npe,ace.o;H>lK Peny6mlKe y npaKcH je TpaH­

Cq,opMHcaH y anconyTHH. Ha'lMe, 6Hno je cny'iajeBa lla fleTHpaHH 3aKOHU Htley

HaKHa,ll;HO WHeTH Ha nOHOflHO macathe, HaKo je nOCTojana 06aBe3a npeAce.llHH­

Ka HapOAHe cKynwTHHe Aa TaKaB 3aKOH craBI'I Ha ANeBRH pe.o; npBe Hape.o;He

eeAHHJJ;e Hap0.llHe cKynWT'lHe. AKO ee tlMa y B~.lIY 'iHlbeHHua Aa cy H npe.o;eell­

mlU;1 HapOAHe CKyrrwTHHe 6KJlH rrptmaAHHU'1'I BnaAajyne 1t0J1HTK'IKe cTpaH­

Ke, jaeHo je JJ,aje nocTojao nOmlnl'lKtl AorOBop ca npe.llceAltl'lKOM Peny6nKKe.

KaKO jeTo JOBH'iHO HCTaKao, Aa ce BeTHpaHI'I 3~KOHH HaKtlanH'IM HeyllpUiTaBa­

theM y .l\HeBH}l pe.o; ce.l\HHUe napnaMema "ca.'paHe" H npeAajy 3a60paBy.'". ,

451 Ha tl360ptlMi 1990, Cn060Ailll MlinoUllDHh jl OCI'0jHD 6J OAtTD maCDBll. /lOll jl cnc o~DojHJla 47 OACT'J. Ha ClIl,I\lhHlol, npeBpt'MeHHN Hl6Dp"04a 199Z. Cn060AilH MHIIOUlC· E1uh je A06no 5J QIlCTO rnacOEla, a lberoBa CTp~Hl\a tllera 29 DAtTO.

452 Cn060AilH AHT<lHHh, 3apo6J!,elill J£.WI>/l, op. 'iI.• tTr. 412. 453 MiloApar JOBH'IHIi. ITllpJl<LKelijJj'!pllll '''<llie... ",.qlipoli1lip(g~(gll"'11WM II '-9'l'l'llilllll-

CKOM ~u,me.HY, op. dt, CTp. 39. ' 454 BUAeTH: Cllo6Q1laH AATOHHh, 3<lpo6l11e"" }(~llI>ll, Dp. ,;1.. tTp. 41<1.. 455 BIlUie 0 roMe: MHO/lpar JOBIl'lllh, 'le.lf.Y y~Ii:u.~r, y Kr9" uge"', Cp6ujol, op. ,il.. CTp. 24.

Page 10: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

nOllyUpf9ce9~JI~KU rll'liIe~310

)l;a HHCTMTyuKoHanHH OKBHp 0;Q 1990. llKje npc;QCTaBJbaO 6paH)' )l;eMOKpai'

<:KKM npoqccHMa y Hawoj 3eMlbH. 300r '!era K Hllje 6uno nOT'peoe 3a RoerOBOM

6p30M H HeXHTpeHOM llpOMCHOM. TeK ne CBe ",aeeHHjc lIaMc-ralloC ptWeHoa ()

KOHa'lHOM cTaTyey KOCOBa Il MCioxHje 01\ CTpaHe Me!))'HapO,qHc 3aje,JUIKUt

yjeAHHKTH Haille Hajp~eBaHrnHje.H anaAajyne K on03HU~(}He, 110IlHTH'IKC

<:TpaHKe y norneny yCTaBHOr nHTafba. HaHMe. HOBH yCUB CpoKje Tpe6ano jc

na Ca.p;P)f(H jacaH nom,TH'IKH CTaa ;Qa je TIoKpajl.ma KoeoBO K MCiOxHja ca·

craBHH Aco TepllTopHjc Cp6Hje, WTO je HC;QBQCMHCneHO H HCTaKnfTO y Roero·

BOj ITpeaM6yllH C UKn,eM o.a6paHe OBe }y>KHe cpnae 1I0KpajHHe I1rreM yny­

TpaWJbtr lIpaBil. Komuco je TO P;CJtOTBOpHO ept,llCTDO 60p6e 31 O'l)'1li\Roe

KOCMeTa Y Cp6HjH CYBHlllHO je rOBopKT~. Me~rrHM. OHO lUTO je, HMajyhK y

B"~ npllpOAY OBor pa1\a. YHeKOJlHKO Ba:JKHMje jeCTe TO Aa yCTaBoTBopau 01\

2006. HHje npHcrynl10 KOptHIlTKId npoMcHaMa y KHCTlITytlIloHallHoM OKBK­

py CpoHje. XOpH30HTallHa opraHH381.1Hja BlIacTK, KaKO ficMO BH,D;eT;{, CyWTKH­

(Xii Hi-lje npOMeH>eHa, na ce Kao OOTl1ynO onpaB,n:aH MQ:;,(e npHXBarnrn CTaB

PaTKa MaPKOBHna.ai\ ce YCTaB 01\2006. MO)f(e 03H::i.'!HTH Kao nOnpaBKa nOTa­

Aall.lfl>tr yeTillla ...TaMo rAe ra je )f(UDOTnpeBa3KllIi\0 1'OKOM JIYHH:t 16 rOJ'lHna

lberOBe npHMeHe".m

OpranJll3a~ja 1I11aCTK no YcraBy OA 2006. - ITonyr CBor npeTXOnHHKa

831990. HYCTaB Cp6Hje o.n: 2006. oprllHH3al.lHjy BlIaCTHyenOCTaBlba Ha npHH­

1Ilmy nonent enacTK Ha 3aKoHop;aBHy, K3BpWHy H C)'liCKY ('1llaH 4). Me.t)yTKM,

yCTaBOTBopatl Cp6KjC 01\ 2006. YlfCTOM t:[naHy HenoTpe6Ho H HeBcuno llano·

Ail Aace ..OJ:1HOC TpH rpaHe Bnacm 3acHHna Ha paBHQ'ft)KK Ii Me~yc06Hoj KOK­

-rpOJlK", Wlll je, no pC>lI'lMa PilTKil MapKoBKhil, !j>0pMynaQHja Koja DHll.le npHml­

'1H yl,l6eHHK)' YCTaBHor npaBa Hero YCTa8y.~S9HaKMe, nOMell)'Ta ¢lopMynllI(Kja

jt C)'BHWHa 6y;Qyn'l )l;a i'ClpX>kaBa onpe1\elbelbe ycraaDnopl.l,a Aa o.!lHoce H3Me­

~y noje,ltHHKX rpaHa B:'IaCTH 3acHyje Ha paBHOTelKH H Me~ye06Hoj KOHTponH,

14 OHa peTa caMa 33 .:eOe npeACT3.Rlba ClloMO je~ny npolUiaMlloUHjy Koja He 6H

npOK3Bena HHKaKBe npaBHe nocne.aHue yKonHKo K3 uenKHe HHCTHTytlKOHan­

nilX pellleRo3 He 6n npO)13Jtl!o3H1l0 TaKO HeWTo. V1CTOSpeMeHo. OHa je H HeBe­

W1'O !f>0PMynHCO,HU 6YJlYnH p;a je y MCTOM t:[nilHY YcnBa np0J(.l'laMOBaHil HC3aBH­

QlOCT C)'ACKe SnaC'f~. urro AKpeKTI/O npCl'fllBpe'lll npeTXO.lltlo H3HeTOM

HaCTojafby YCTaBOTBOpua j:1a Ha paBHOTelKH H Me~yc06Koj KOHt'pOnH ype,n:K

OAHOCe H3Me!>y T'pK rpaHe ElllaCrn, ITHCUH ooor yCTaBa O'lHrne1\HO cy cMeTHy­

11K cyMa t:[HlbeHHUy Aaee npHpOAa ;t,lIHOr eHCTeMa BJtaCTH op,pel)yje KCKlb)"lK­

sO nptMa O,!lHOCy ABe BnaCTH nOllHTHt:[Kor KapaKTepa. neIlfcnaTKBC H er3ery­THBe. AOK ce 'YACKO! snaeT opraHH3yje H npWIl He3aBHCHO oA, Ben nOMeH)'"I'1lX,

1101lKTH4XKX BlIaCTH.

ITpe1\Ce;QHHK Peny6l1HKe. KaKO je TO YqaB npOlUfaMOBao. H3pX>kaDU np­

}l(ilSHO ;eAHHCTSO Peny611HKe Cp611je ('lllaH Ill). OH ce 6Hpa Ha HenocpeJJ;HKM

4.!lB PU,,(l Mll'l(llllh. flpegfot/0p: Y(Ili~t/ Peay61lUKr Cp6uje og 1006 - I(PUiiiU~KU aoiJleg, Yy,,wat/ Peily6llllK' Cp6ujr, JYCTlIIIMjlll, PC()rp3/t> 2006, CTp. 1I~.

.(59 Pan::D MapKDBHh. op. ,i/., C1p. 16.

fl.,o CI!lJfU - npllBNO ripllp<Jgtl 'ucak~a 8JI(WiiU y Ptliy611Wlll Cp6Ujll Jll

H36opKM3, TajHHM rnaC3JbeM ('maH 114) Ho. BpeMe oJ]; neT TO;I:lHH3. riP" '!eMy

HKjellHO lIKl.Ie lle MO)f(e BKWe o.n: ABa nyn 6Hnl K3a6paHO Hi oay tPYHKl\Hjy ('(}laM 1I6). MnH.r:lUT npCJ];ce;ttUKKa Peny61111Kc npccraje, paJyt'ole .:;;e, tlCTCKOM

apeMeHa Ha Koje je K3a6paH, Kao II ocraBKoM "11H pa3pewelbeM. IIpcAce.QHKK Peny6IIHKe MOJKe 6KTH paJpeweH 360r nOBpe.ae YCTalla OWtYKOM HaponHe CKYHUITKHe, K TO rnacOBMMa HajMalbc ;Qae Tpel'nfHe HapOnmlX nQCJaHKK3

('InaH 118). ITocryrraK 33 pe3peWCJbe nOlcpene HapO.!lH3 CKytIWTHHa Ha npC'.!l­lIor )(3.jM3H>C je;we TpehHHe HapO]:lHl1X nOenaH"Ka. a nOBpe:r:lY YCTaa3 ympr.>yje YCTallHK cyJJ. H:ljlCacHKje y pOKy 01\ 45 /laHa no nOKpcHyToM llocryrrKy.l:(aKJle, 33 pil3l1KK)' OJ]; ycTasHHX pemclba KJ 1990, rrpe,l\C~HKKa Perry6nHKe, K3a6pa­

nor Henocpe,n:Ho o,n: CTpaHt rpa~aHa, pa3pemaBil opraH KOjH ra HHje 6Kpao,

Hapo,n:Ha CK)'TlIL'nIHa. Ha Taj Ha'!HK YCTaHOBlbelfO je KtnOrK'iHO pemeRoe no

KOMe ce npenCe,IIHKK Peny6J'UKe naKUIe pa3pelIIilSil Hero urro ce 6Hpil, '!HMe ce

yHeKonHKO c.na6K !beros nono)l(aj y ycraBHoM cKCTeMy.

Ho, :la OUeHy yCT3BHonpaBHor nonO)l(aja npe,n:ce.!lHHKa Peny6nHKe 0,11;

npecY1\HHjer je 3nat:[aja 1\enoKpyr RoerOml;( oBnallinefbil. TIPBK je yTHCaK ,~.a

HosoycnOCTaBlbtHH HHCT'KTyUHoHanHH OKBKp lIHje .aoHeo 3ffil'!ajHe IiQBIHe

Ha OBOM nOlby. M,n:albe je HiljBenH 6pOj OBnallinetbil KojHMa pacnolla)l(e Hpe':­

Ce1\HIlK Perry6mlKe HMaHeHTan ¢lyHlulHjH rnelfJa 1\p)l(aBe H Tpa.a1n\lrQHanHo

cna.aa y RoerOB 1\enoKpyr nocnOBa. N1e1)yTHM, OHTHO je HanoMeHyTil TO .na je

1\enoKpyr Ha.!lJle:t.:HOCTio1 npeLtCe;QH~IKa Peny6nuKe ,n:eJll'IMHt:[HO npowupeH,

WTO je Henocpe,!lHa nOClle.!lHua npoMeRoeHor 1\p;t<aBHor CTaTyea Peny6llJllO:e

Cp6Hje. TaKo, npe.n:ce.n:t1HK Peny6JH1Ke npe.n:CTilBJb3 Peny6JI1u(y Cp611jy y 3e­

MIbH K KHOCTpaHCTBY ('fJtaH 112.1), nOCTaBlba H on03HBa YK330M alrl6aca,!lope

Peny6nHKe Cp6Hje Ha oCHoay npe,llJlora Bna,n:e (t:[naH 112.5), npHlrra aKpe.nH­

THBlIa H on03mlHa nHeMa cTpaHKx 1\KnnOMaTCKHx npe1\CTaBH}J)(a ('!naH

112.6), yKa.30M npornawaBa 3aKOHe ('fnaH 112.2), jlaje no~mJJOBaRoaII Ojl.'HIKO­

BaH>a ('1naH 112.7). Y oallj Tpa;I:lHUKoHanHH ,n:enollpyr nOClIOB3 we¢Ja ,n:p*aBe

y napnaMeHTaj'HQM Cl1cTeMy MO)l(e ce yBpcnlTH II oBnawnelbe npe;QceJlHKKa

Peny6.'IHKe.n:a HilP0,!lHoj CKyntllTll.lHJ npe,!lllil:;,(e KilH,!lIIJl:a.Til 3ll npe11c:e111HIK3

Bna.ae, noWTO cacnyma MHWlbeRoe npeAcTaBHHK<l H3a6paHK.'( H360PHKX In[­

CTa ('!naH 112.3). J],aKlIe, 3a pa3JtKKY on .aOTilAaWlber YCTi\\H10r pewe!'ha KOJt

je 06aBe3HBaJto npe,n:eeAHHKa Peny6mrKe 1\a npK IIPtllJIaraRoY MaH,lIaTapa ea­

ClIYllla MHWlbeRoe npe,n:CTaBHHKa '8el'lltHe, HOM'! ycran 06aBe"yje fa na cacllY­

wa MHwlbefbe I1pe1\CTaB!J;HKa CBHX H3a6paHUX K360pmr.< nHCTa.

npeAC~HKK Peny6JJlIKe. y eKnaAY ca 3aKoHoM, KOlrlaHAyje BO)CKO~l H. no­

CTaBIb&, )'Hanpe~yje K paapewaBa o¢lHuupe BojcKe Cp6.1je (t:[naH 112).0130

ce, Kil TTpBK norne,ll, '!HH~ BeOMa 3Ha'lnjHHM oBnalllhe~eM npellceAHHxa Peny­

6nUKe, Me~YTHM, He T'pe6a ry6HTH H3 BH1\a t:[KRoCH'n.\Y ,n:a jc yeTaBOTBopaU

npep;DI'l.n:eo Aa OBO mfTaJt>e .n:CYillbHKje Tpe6a 113 6yAe ypel)ell.o 3alll)ll.OM. Pean·

HO je O'leKHBarn;Qa ne 3aKOHop;aBaU, ,n:aKne Hap0.!lHa crynurrHHa, no npHpo­

;QH emapH, HaCTojaTK ,n:a Y 1Il10 Behoj MepK cy3H oBlIawhelba npenCCAlu'!Ka

Page 11: D. Simovic, Polupredsednicki Sistem

312 313 :noJlylip~9ct91<1I~KU CUCW;;UI

I, Peny6lH1Ke y caoj MaTepl1jl1 6YAyhH Aa bRa He paCnOlla)l{e J.lHCfKryltKOHall­

HI1M cpe):lCTBI1Ma Kojl1Ma 611 MOrna):lll yTI1'iC Ha H>eroB da,n,. YTOM CMI1Cny, oaa­

KO cP0pMYlHlcaHO yCTaBHo oBltamlielbe He MD)f(e All 3aje+'1I1,D;OMI1IlaHTHYH0311­

QHjy npe,u;ce.!\HKXa Peny611I1Ke YccPepYl OA6paHe. npe~ce.n;IHlK Peny6m1Ke He CaMQ):Ia je 3ap;pJtCao npaso cycneH3l1DHOr JaKOHCKor nella, Ben je, no YCTaBy 0A

2006, aBO IlpaBO p;O.l\aTHO Iloja'faHO. HaMMe, Ilpep;Ce,o;H~K Peny61IKKe je Ay)KaH Aa HajKacHKje YpOKY 0.0; 15 AaRa OA.!IaHa wmaCaBalba ~aKoIla, OAR'JeRO HajKa­

CHl1je y pOKy 0,0; Ce.D;aM ):IaHa aKO je 3aKOH AOHeT no XHTHOM HOCTyllKy, p;OHece

yKa3 0 npornawelby JaKQHa I1ml All 3aKoH, y3 mlcMe.¢ o6pa311OJtcelbe, BpaTH HapoAHoj CK)'IlWTI1HH Ha nOHOBHO OAJIy'lHBalbe (tUla~ 113). MeljynlM, All 611

8CTl1paHil. JaKOH cTynltoHa CHary HeonXOAHO je Aa ka nO,-lOaHOM rnacalbY

y Hapo.aHoj cKynwnLH)1 6yne H3rnilCilH Bet1ltHOM YKyflHor 6poja nOCJIaHItKa. Y TOM cn)"iajy, npe.aCe.r\IUoIK Peny611KKe je P;yJKaH Ail np~rllaCH nOHOBHO lOrna­caml3aKOH. AaKJIe, 3a pa3IlKKY OA yCTaBHor pewelba XCTaHoBlbeHor 1990. Ka­Ail je 3a nOHOSHO yCBajait>e SeTKpaHor 3aKOHa 6Hna ):IO~OlbHa 06wiHa aehl1Ha, yCTaBOTBopau op; 2006. OTe>Kao je nOCTyHaK nOHoBH;or yCBajafba. Kao 11 HO yCTaBHoM peWfit>y o.a 1990, npe.tlCeAHKK Peny6nHKe l1e pacnollali:e caMocran­HIIM HpasOM 1:VICOllYI.l,~lje seh pacnyWTait>y HapoAHe CtIi'ynWTI1He MO)f(e Ail npl1­cTynl1 I1CKlb)"iKao Ha 06pa31l0)l(eHII npe.aJIor BllaAe (q!naH : 09). DpeocTallo je Aa HoMeHeMO TO Aa npe.tlCe.rtHKK Peny6mlKe I1MeHyje deT cnHja YCTaSHor cy· Aa ('fllaH 172). Mel)yul1>-l, HeofL'{oAHO je j:10AaTil Aa OBO danaillli.elbe Hpe.rtCeAHI1­, K:J Peny61111Ke Kl1je CaMOCT<l1IHO 6YAynK p,a Je y HocrynKy I1MeHOBalha cyj:1l1ja YCT;1BHor cYAa HeOfL'{OAHO K)"iewne Hi.'lpOAHe CK)'Hranme. Hal1Me, npej:1ce,n­HHK Peny6nl1Ke HMeHyje neT CYAlija YcraBHor cy.aa Itt"le~y ):IeCeT KaH.aH.aan Koje IIpe,ll)lO)K11 Hap0j:1Ka cKynWTI1Ha, .aOK Hapop;Ka CHHwnlHa 6Hpa neT cy­.aHja YCTaaHor cy.aa H3Mel)y p;eceT KaK,n;K):IaTa Koje npep,1I0)l\H npep;ce.aHHK Pe­ny6nllKe. Kao 11 Ha oeHoBy MI1HynHxycraBHHX pewelba, HpeAce.t:\HJ.lK PeHy6lul­Ke pacnonIDKe npaaoM Ha nOAHollielbe npeWIora 3a I1poMeHy YCTaBil ('iJIaH 203). HanocneTKy, 3a Pa3JII1KY oA ):IOTa):laWlbK.'t I1HcnlrYUKoHanHlu peweit>a, YCTas oA 2006. He ):IoAeJhyje npe,nce):lHI1ICy Peny6mlKe llaHpep;Ha osnawnelbil.

BJIa.aa je, KaKO je TO H3pH'il1T0 YcraBOM npOKJla~OBaHO, HOCl1naL\ 113SP­IIIHe l\lIaCTI1 y PenYUlIHUH Cpt'iHjK ('fnaH 122). Bna.aY;'fHHe HpeAce.t:\HIlK sna­j:1e, jeAaH Hml BHllIe nOTIlpe.tlCe.aKHKa H MI1HHCTpl1 ('f'laH 125). 3a pa3nHK)' o.a npeTXOj:1HOr cpncKor yCTasa KOjl1 je AOHycrllO MOryli.tI0CT nocTojOJ.it>a MeIlIO­BHTKX BJIa):la, YCTa.B op; 2006. 113pK'iIiTO je npoKnaMIlBao Ail 'fnaH BlIil.ae He MO)t(e 6l1Tl1 HapOAH)1 HOCnaHI1K y HapoAHoj cKynWTJ1,HI1 ('UTaH 126). KalCo je seh nOMeHYTO, KaH):IH):IaTa 3a npe):lceAHI1Ki1. sna.ae npeAna)Ke Hpe,D;Ce):lHI1K Pe­n y61ll1Ke nowTO caClIYllIa MHWlbelbe npe,u;eTaBHI1Ka 113a6paHIIX 1136opI'LKX 1111­CTa ('inaH 127). MaH.aaTap WHOCI1 y Hap<.'!lHoj CKYHllItl1Hl-I caoj nporpiU>1 ana­Ae l1 npeWIalKe lbeH cacraB. BnaAa je 113a6paKa YKqllKKO je 3a lbeH m60p rllacana Behl1Ha 0.0 yKynHor 6poja Hapo,IJ,Hl1X nocnaHJotiKa. MaHAaT BllaAe Tpaje AO l1CTeKa MaHAaTa HapOAl1e cKymrrnlHe Koja jy je 113~6paJIa, a MO)f( npecra­TK l1 paHl1je y cny'iajy 113rnaCaSalba HenoBepelba, 'pacllywTait>a HapoAHe ,

fJ,eo ce9MU - I1pa6>1Q upupo9tJ Cl.ldlir)(" 61hlCUlu y Pruy6/lllljl.l Cp6uju

cKynllITItHe 11 ocraBKoM npe.uceAHItKa BIla.ae:('inaH 128). BJIa,o;a je o.aroBopHa HapoAHoj cKynwTItHIt 3a nOlUtnlKY Peny611l1,Ke Cp6l1je, 3a 113BplllaBalbe 3aKO­Hil 11 p;pyrnx onwnu aKaTa Hapo.al1e cKynUfTHHe 11 3a pa.a opraHa .ap)f(aBHe ynpaBe ('inaH 124). [nacatbe 0 HenOBepeH>y BnaAl1l1ml nojeAI1HOM 'inaHy ana­

):Ie MO)f(e Ail. 3i1.TpiUlClt HajMatbe 60 Hapo.aI1HX nOCJ'IaHI1ICa, 3a pa3nl1Ky 0.0 yCTaB' Hor peWeit>il "3 1990. Ka.aa je OSaKaB Hpe,ll)l:or 6l1J]0 HeonxO):lHO .aa no.ap)f(11 ca"JO 20 Hil.PO.aHl1X nOClIaHJ.lKa ('lIlaH 130). Aa je yCTaBOTBOpaL\ Te)f(HO):la oja­'fa nono)l\aj sna.ae BI1A/bHlJO je Ii. Ha O':HOBy y':TaBHor pewelhil no KOMe ce npe.anor 3il rnilCil.lbe 0 HenOBepeH>y BJIa):l'1 I1nl1 noje.uI1HOM lbeHOM 'iJIaHy MO­)f(e pa3Mil.TpiJHI Hil.jpilHl1je neT ):laHa no HO):lHowe!by npe.a1l0ra•.aOK je no YCTa­By o.a 1990. TO 611no Moryne Hajpanl1je TpK AaHa no no.aHOllielby HpeAJIOra. C UI1JheM jil.'fa!bil nono»)(aja sna):le, yCTaSOTBOpau je Hpe.uBK,n;eO 11 pellielhe no KOMe, y cnY'fajy HeycnewHor HOKyllIaja 06ap~H>a Sllap;e, 1l0TIlHCHKL\K npe,lVlo­ra He MOry nOp;HeTK HOaK npeAJIor 3a rnacalbe 0 HenoBepelby npe I1CTeKa PO­Ka op; 180 Ail.HiI.. TaKol)e,.aa 611 ce Hpe.uynpep;Jo'tllo I1CXlITpeHO 11 HenpOM,IWlbe­HO .13rnil.Cil.aalhe HeHoaepelba BlIa.a~I, HpeA~Hr)eHO je pellielbe HO KOMe ce , HapO):lHa cKyHIlITHHa pacn}'lIITa f-'Ccomtiturione YKOllHKO ce 30 p;aHa o.a If3rnil.­CaBait>a HeHOBepeit>a He 113a6epe HOBa BlIaAa. ;Mo)Ke ce pehl1 p;a OBaKO YCTiUlO­BlbeHO HHCTl1TYUHOHallHO peweit>e no.aceh~ Ha I1IlCTHT)'T KOHCTPYKTI1SHOr 113rnacaBalba HenoBepelba KOjH je y OBO"I CII)"fajy .aeJII1"m'iHO MO.atltPI1KOSaH It }'HeKOllHKO y6/lalKeH jep ne Hapo.aHH nocn:aHI1UI1, YKOJII1KO He )f(ene Ail. 11M npeCTaHe MaHAaT YClIe,D; pacnYWTalba HapOijHe cKynwTKHe, nOKpeHyTI1 no­cTyHaK 3a 113rnaCaSalbe HenOSepe!ba anaAH j~.aI1HO y cny'fajy aKO cy HPe1'lm~­KO nOCTHrml AorOBOp 0 HOBO"l HpeMJoljepy HpCaCTaBy Hose BlIa.ae. Kao jeAil.H SKA npllT;tCKa Ha Hpep;CTaSHH'fICO Teno Ycra~ je npe.aSI1.aeo "loryhHocT BJIa):le Aa 3aTpa>K1I rnaca!be 0 CBOM HOaepeit>y ('iJI3;H 131). Bna):ll1 npeCTaje MaH):IaT yKOnl1KO joj Hapo.aHa CKYllllITllKa He JoI3rnaca.noaepe!be'l yTOM cny'iajy Ilpe.u­ceAHiIK Peny61111Ke je 06aBe3aH Aa nOKpeHe nocTynaK 3a H360p Hoae sna.ae. l1 y OBOM clI)"iajy HapOAHa cKynlllTHHa ce pacnywTa no CJIOBy YCTaBa yKOJII1­KO ce YPOKy oj:130 .aaHa OA It3rllilCaBalba HenOBepelba He K3a6epe Hosa BJIa):la. 3a pa3nl1Ky OA npeT;l.:O,IJ,HOr yCTaBHor OlCTeMa y KOMe je ttl1TepHenaUl1ja 6,II1a nOCIlOBH,t'iKa KilTeroplija, y HOBOM yCTaBy Cp6'lje oBaj I1HCTI1TYT je KOHCTI1­TYUI10HiLnJ.l30saH. TaKo, HajMalbe 50 Hapo.aHKx nOCJIal1l1Ka MO)f(e Ho.aHeTI1I1H­Tepnenau.JoIjy y SeJl1 .: pa.aoM BlIa.ae I1ml nojb\KHor 'fllaHa snap;e ('fnaH 129)., BJIa,o;a je 06aHe3Ha Aa DAJOBOptl Ha I1HTepneJI~L\l1jy y pOKY op; 30 p;aHa. YKOJII1­KO HapoAHa cKynwTHHa Hli.je npKXBaTltlla oArosop SJIa.ae I1nlt noje!ll1HOr !be­Hor 'lllaHa, npttcryna Ce rnaCil.lbY 0 HeHOBep~!bY Bna.alt ItJII1 'iJIaHy Bnaj:1e. Aa ce oBaj I1HCTKTyT He 611 3noynoTpe6lbiLBao, "¥CTaB je npeABIt.aeo OrpaHI1'iett.e no KOMe ce 0 HI1Ta!by Koje je 6uno npep;MeT I1HTepHelliLuKje He MO)Ke nOHoso paCllpaBJhaTI1 npe I1CTeKa pOKa 0.0 90 .aaHa.

C 063KpOM Ha TO .aaje op;pel}eHa KilO HOCl1nil.l.\ 113SpWHe BJIaCnf, YcraB je B/laAI1 nOBepl10 cae OHe Ha,o;JIe)f(HOCTlf KOje cy neoHxoAHe 3a j:1eIlOTsOpHO OCTBapHBalbeTe lbeHe ynore yycraBHOM nlCTf'MY. Til.KO BIla,D,a YTBp~yje 11 BOAI1

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316 II nO"llipt9't9HIl~JC" CUCti2tM

,

6panl1. ycnocraalbCno je pellleH>e no KOMe HapOAHOl c~ynwTKHa,tlBO,pehHH­(KOM aenHKOM pa3pewaaa npe,tlCeAHHKa Peny61ll1Ke ~c~ajY,(la je OR nOBpe­,!:IIiO YeTaB. IIopep; Tora. np~ceAHHK SMllle He pa~nOlla)Ke caMOCTaIIHIlb/

BaHpe,tlmfM OBIl3wnelbH"IB, Koja cy, no MHllllbelbY Be~HKor6poja HaWID: Teo­

penl'lapa, HpegcTaBlb31I3 OCHoa Ja lberoay AO/lU1Ha1Pfjy YyCTa.BHOM OfCTe­

My YCTaHOBlbeHOM 1990. Y OJUiocy Ha AOTBP;3111lbH r4T3sHonpasHH nOllo>Kaj

npe.r:\ceJl,H>'lKa Peny6llHKe, jeJV(HQ je OjB'l3HO H>erOBO npaao cycneH3HBHor 33­. , . KQHCKOr BeTa, Ta.1\O liTO Je OTeJt(3H nocTynaK DoHOBHor yca3)atbJ. BeTHpaHor

33KOHa. MevyntM, YKOIlHKO ce HMil y BH,rr;y <B1.fbeHHllh,Ll3 YCTaB He npeABHl)a

jeAHoo6pa3BH Ha'lHH 0,!V1y'lHB3Iba y HapoAHoj CKYnFTHHH jep ce nojeAHHe, KajBVKKKje, !a.lIcaTKsHO Hase,tleHe MilTepKje ypcl)yjy BaKOHKMa IIQjK ce gOHO­

ce sehKHoM og yKynHor 6poja CBKX uapo,tlHHX IIoc~aH}jKa, jacHo je,tla he y

THM cny'lajeBKMa npH nonOBHOM rnaCaH>y6KTH HeodxogHo nOCT},hH jegHOM

Beh ,tIOCTHrHyTY Behlmy. YocranoM, KaKO ce snaga ~l1pa Behl1HOM o~ p;yn­Hor 6poja nocnaHlllla U KallO CBe BpeMe CBor MaHg~Ta OHS Mopa ga ¥)KKsa

lbKXOBO nosepelbe, jacno je ga he OHa yCHenl ga o6~36eA'1 noHOBHO yCBaja­

lbe seTHpuHorS3KOHa jep ce 3a aHym1pa'±>e AejCTsa npeAce,u;HHKoBor cycneH_

3HSKor seTa He Tp:DKH KBanHq:.HKOBaHli BehKHa Kojal6K 6Hna seha O,tl BehK­. I

He KO)a npy)Ka nOApwKy BnanH. i- I ITpe.t\ceAHKK PeHy6nKKe, AaKne. K y HOBOYCllOCTrBJbeHOM yCTasHoM HO­

peTlq ne paCHOna)Ke eq:.eKTHBHHM OSl'laWhelbHMS ~ OKBJ.lpy K3BpWHe sna­

CTH. 3a. paalmK~ O.t\ KKCnITytiHOlofaI'lHor.OKBKpa YC1~HoBll>eHor 1990. npK­MeTHO Je HacTOJalbe yCTasOTBopL(a .t\a 0Ja'ls nOJIQ)IQaJ Sl'lil,tle, WTO ce MQ.Jt(e

3aKlbY'fHTH Ha oCHoay IIpep;BHl)eHHx OTe)KaHHX YCJI~sa aa HJrnaCasalbe He­

nOBepelba. 113 L(elUllle yCTaBHHX pewelbU HeIlBOCM~CJIeHO npml3na3K,tIa je

sna.t\a jeAKHl1 eq:.eKnISHtIK onepaTHsHK Aeo er3eKYT~lBe. TIpeIlCl.,tIHHK Peny­

6nKKe je, WTO ce IrIO}f(e 3aKlby'lKnl Ha oeHosy .lleJloKpyra lberOS>fX oBJIawhe­

lba. 3aApJKaO ynory MOAepaTopHe BIJaCTK Koja l-!flje ~/<THBaH 'IHHKnall HonK­

TJ.1'lKHX IIpOlleca. HeLyMlbKBo je ,lla he oH HelIIfcTaH0 6KTK y ceHUH

npegceAHHKa sna,D;e ~J MO)l(e ce O'leK~tSanl. seh HOIK?H He!i:onKKo H36opHK:<;

QI1Knyca. Aa ce mlAepil nOIlI1TK'lK~L'{cTpa.HaKa Hehe fTpKHsaTHHanpegce,tI­

HK'lKHM H360pHMa 6YAytUI .t\<l KncTHTyL(Hja npegfeAHnKil Peny6nHKe He

o6e36el)yje eq:.eKTl-iSHy H AenoTsopKy ~nacT. rrpen~eg'UlK Peny6nKKe he y

HosoycnoCTaslbeHoM HHCTHTY1VloHunHoM oKsHpy 16il.Blbaw; OHyynory KO­

ja ce Tpa,llKQKoHanKo ,lIOAelbyje weq:.y Ap*ase y nap'naMeHTap,iOM cHcTeMy. Y TOM CMHCl'ly, aKO cy H HocTojane OApe.t;JeHe HeAOY_~oUflle 0 npsBHoj npKpO­

AH CHCTeMa. BnaCnt ycnocTaslbenor 1990, He.t\socMJ,cneHo ce MO)t(e pehK ga

je YCTaS og 2006. nojeAKKKM csojHt.! peWeli>HMa csMo .t\O,LaTHO noja'lao ene­

MeHTe napnaMeHTapH3Ma yKHCHlTyUKOHaJIHOM OK,KPY Cp6Hje. ,lJ,ull'le, 01­

CTeM MaCTH YCTaHOSll>eH YCTaBOM og 2006, nonyr pHor '13 1990, TaKobe je I HpKlrlep paQHoHan.lJOSaHOr napnaMeHTapH3MU. I

I i i I

,LIeo OCMJ1

KOMI1APATHBHA AHAllH3A I1011YI1PE,LICE,LIHHQKHX CHCTEMA