cÖ g cÖKvk · 12-D, 27/32, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh Cover Design : Hamidur Rahman...

cÖ_g cÖKvk †deªæqvwi 1963

cÖKvkK gynv¤§` kvgmyi ingvb †m‡μUvix Bmjvn& I Bikv` c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvÄygvb Avng`xqv 4 eKkxevRvi †ivW, XvKv-1|

gy`ª‡Y kwdK DÏxb Lvb kvnRvnvb wcÖw›Us IqvK©m 97/2, wmwÏK evRvi, XvKv-2

wØZxq ms¯‹iY †deªæqvwi 2009

cÖKvkK wRjøyi ingvb GKv‡Wgx di Iwi‡q›Uvj óvwWR 12-wW, 27/32, cjøex, wgicyi, XvKv-1216

gy`ª‡Y evW-I-wjfm& 217/G, dwK‡iicyj 1g †jb gwZwSj, XvKv-1000|

msL¨v 1000 Kwc

MÖš’ ¯^Z¡ Bmjvg B›Uvib¨vkbvj cvewj‡KkÝ wjwg‡UW wUj‡dvW©, hy³ivR¨

Abyev` ¯^Z¡ Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕZ, evsjv‡`k

ï‡f”Qv g~j¨ †ccvie¨vK : 125 UvKv (US $ 5.00)

nvW©e¨vK : 150 UvKv (US $ 6.00)

Hayat-e- Tayabah(Original in Urdu) Published by

Zillur Rahman Academy for Oriental Studies12-D, 27/32, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh

Cover Design : Hamidur Rahman

ISBN978-984-992-005-2

By Sheikh Abdul Qadir (Saudagar Mal)

wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi fywgKvÒnvqv‡Z ZvB‡qevÓ nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` gwmn gvID` I gvn`x gvID` (Av.) Gi Rxeb I K‡g©i welqwfwËK GKwU cÖvgvY¨ M‡elYvj× †gŠwjK MÖš’| †h †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖeZ©K we‡klZ: †Kvb Ava¨vwZ¥K Av‡›`vjb m~PbvKvixi Rxeb Av‡jvPbv †mB Av‡›`vj‡bi cwiwa, e¨vwß I welqe¯‘ g~j¨vq‡bi mnvqK nq| Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕ‡Zi m`m¨‡ì wbKU nhiZ gwmn gvID` (Av.) Gi GKwU cÖvgvY¨ Rxebx MÖš’ _vKv †hgb GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb wVK †Zgwb hviv Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕZ m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z AvMÖnx Zv‡ìI Zuvi Rxeb-PwiZ Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| GB MÖš’wU cÖwZkÖæZ gwmn (Av.) Gi NUbveûj Rxe‡bi GKwU ü`qMÖvnx wPËvKl©K weeiY| GwU c‡o cvVK AvZ¥nviv n‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Ggb GK e¨w³i e¨vw³Z¡ I gh©v`v m¤^‡Ü aviYv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb huv‡K ¯^qs Avjøvn ZvAvjv cÖwZkÖæZ gwmn I gvn`x wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb Ges hvi d‡j gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi fwel¨ØvYx cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i‡Q| Avgiv Avkv Kwi cvVK GB eBwU c‡o DcK…Z n‡eb| GÕiKg eB cÖ‡Z¨K Avng`xi Aek¨B cov DwPZ| ïaygvÎ AbycÖvwYZ nevi Rb¨ bq, eis `vIqvZ Bjvjøvn I Zejx‡Mi DcKiY wn‡m‡eI eBwU AZzjbxq| evsjv Abyev`K…Z eBwUi PwjZ iƒ‡c cyb:cÖKvk eZ©gvb mg‡qi h_v_© `vwe c~i‡Y GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb wQj| GB eB‡qi †jLK giûg †kL Ave`yj Kvwì GK wn›`y cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges wZwb Lye Aí eq‡m Bmjvg a‡g© w`w¶Z n‡q RvgvÕ‡Z Avng`xqvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| c‡i wZwb Bmjvg a‡g©i GKRb mdj cÖPviK ev wgkbvwi wn‡m‡e RvgvÕ‡Z Avng`xqvi mì gyiæweŸ nb| wZwb RvgvÕ‡Zi A‡bK eB cy¯ÍK iPbv K‡i‡Qb|

Ònvqv‡Z ZvB‡qevÓ g~j eBwU D`y© fvlvq †jLv Ges lvU `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K (1963) evsjvq Ab~w`Z nq| g~j D`y© cy¯Í‡Ki cÖ_g L‡Ûi cÖ_g evsjv Abyev` K‡ib †gŠjex gynv¤§` Avjx Av‡bvqvi| †gŠjex †gvnv¤§` mv‡ne I cÖv³b mì gyiæeŸx †gŠjvbv gywneDjøvn mv‡ne †hŠ_fv‡e Abyev` Kg©wU g~j D`©y eB‡qi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡LwQ‡jb| cvVK cÖ_g evsjv ms¯‹i‡Yi fywgKvq Gwel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

óK †kl n‡q hvIqvq A‡bKw`b †_‡K eBwU `y®úÖvc¨ wQj| Avng`xqv wLjvdZ kZevwl©Kx D`hvcb Dcj‡¶ †K›`ª †_‡K Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕZ,

evsjv‡`k‡K nvqv‡Z ZvB‡qev g~j eBwU cwic~Y©fv‡e cyb:cÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| Kv‡R nvZ w`‡q †`Lv †Mj †h evsjvq cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Ònvqv‡Z ZvB‡qevÓ g~j eB‡qi cÖ_g L‡Ûi Abyev` gvÎ| (m¤ú~Y© eBwUi Abyev` bq)| nqZ eBwUi evwK Ask cieZ©xKv‡j Abyev` K‡i cÖKvk Kivi K_v fvev n‡qwQj| wKš‘ A‡bK AbymÜvb K‡iI evwK As‡ki evsjv Abyev` n‡q‡Q wKbv †m m¤^‡Ü wbwðZ nIqv hvqwb| eZ©gv‡b evwK As‡ki Abyev‡ì KvR nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| wm×všÍ †bqv nq †h AvcvZZ: evsjvq cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Ônvqv‡Z ZvB‡qevÕ PwjZ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i h_vwkMwMi cyb:cÖKvk Kiv †nvK| wØZxq LÛI Abyev` K‡i ciewZ©‡Z cÖKvk Kiv n‡e|

Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕZ, evsjv‡`k Gi m`m¨ I †meK wnmv‡e ÒwRjøyi ingvb GKv‡Wgx di Iwi‡q›Uvj ÷vwWRÓ Zv‡ì‡K wLjvdZ Rywejxi eiKZ jv‡fi Avkvq GB Rvgv‡Zi c‡¶ nvqv‡Z ZvB‡qevi evsjv Abyev` cyb:cÖKvk Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i| Zv‡ì Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z b¨vkbvj RvgvZ Zv‡ì‡K GBg‡g© AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡i| wRjøyi ingvb GKv‡Wgxi m`m¨ Rbve nvwg`yi ingvb I mì gyiæeŸx gvIjvbv mv‡jn Avng` mv‡ne †hŠ_fv‡e cÖ_g Abyev`wUi fvlv PwjZKiY, cwigvR©b I cÖvÄj K‡i‡Qb| mì gyiæweŸ gvIjvbv mv‡jn Avng` GB iƒcvšÍi cybivq g~j D`©y eB‡qi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡L‡Qb| Avjøvn Avgv‡ì mK‡ji GB cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiæb Ges GB cy¯ÍK cyb:cÖKv‡ki mv‡_ hviv RwoZ Zv‡ì mKj‡K DËg cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ Kiæb| evW I jxfm Gi ¯^Z¡vwaKvix Rbve gynv¤§` byiæj Bmjvg wgVy gy`ª‡Yi ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖæd wiwWs Gi KwVb `vwqZ¡I cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvn Zvi GB †bK cÖ‡Póvi DËg cyi¯‹vi w`b|

Avwg wRjøyi ingvb GKv‡Wgxi GB cÖ‡Póvi cÖksmv KiwQ Ges RvgvÕ‡Zi mKj‡K GKv‡Wgxi m`m¨‡ì Rb¨ †`vqvi Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q| gnvb Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zv‡ì mKj †Póv mdj Kiæb Ges Zv‡ì‡K kw³ cÖ`vb Kiæb †hb Zviv KvR K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i Ges GB mvgvb¨ m~Pbv mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ AviI A‡bK cÖmvi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†gvevk‡kiDi ingvbb¨vkbvj AvgxiAvng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕZ, evsjv‡`k

cÖ_g cÖKv‡ki f~wgKv

AkvwšÍi Avuav‡i ev‡i ev‡i c_ nviv‡bv †hgb gvbe RvwZi ¯^fve, kvwšÍi mywegj Av‡jv I mykxZj Qvqvq Zv‡ì‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ Zv‡ìB ga¨ †_‡K Riæwi mg‡q GK GK gnvcyiæl‡K Avwef~©Z KivI †Zgwb Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi wPišÍb wbqg| Gfv‡e AÜKv‡ii ci Av‡jv Ges AkvwšÍi ci kvwšÍi D™¢e Avgiv nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi hyM †_‡K wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ ¯’v‡b LÐ LÐ AvKv‡i NU‡Z †`‡LwQ| wKš‘ GK wba©vwiZ mg‡q RMre¨vcx gnvwZwgi wbw`©ó wQj | †mB gnvwZwgi `~ixf~Z Kivi Rb¨ nhiZ Beªvwng (Av.) Zvui cyÎ nhiZ BmgvBj (Av.) †K wb‡q KvevNi wbg©vY K‡i Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv KiwQ‡jb :

Ò†n Avgv‡ì iveŸ&, Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GK †cÖwiZ cyiæ‡li Avwef©ve Ki, whwb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †Zvgvi AvqvZ cvV Ki‡eb, cy¯ÍK Ges Ávb wk¶v w`‡eb Ges Zv‡ì‡K cweÎ Ki‡eb; wbðqB Zzwg gnv-kw³kvjx I Ávbx|Ó [m~iv-Avj& evKvivn&Õ, iæKz-15]

GB †`vqvi Keywjq‡Z nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi Avwef©ve| wZwb we‡k¦ GK ALÐ gvbeZv ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ GK Agi kvwšÍc~Y© weavb w`‡q †M‡Qb | Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zvu‡K wek¦bex Ôivn&gvZzwjøj& AvjvgxbÕ K‡i cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi ing‡Zi aviv mKj RvwZi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z _vKv gymjgvb‡ì KZ©e¨ wQj| wKQzKvj Zviv Avgj I ZejxM Øviv G KZ©e¨ cvjb KiwQj| hZw`b Zviv G KZ©‡e¨ w¯’i wQj, ZZw`b Zviv weRqx I DbœwZkxj wQj Ges Bmjvg ag© `ªæZ cÖmvi jvf KiwQj| wKš‘ ev`kvnx †c‡q †fvMwejv‡m †g‡Z Zviv hLb Avgj I ZejxM †Q‡o w`j, ZLb Zv‡ì `ªæZ Aa:cZb nj Ges AwP‡iB Ô`v¾vwjqZÕ A_©vr weK…Z wLªóag© cÖej n‡q DVj| mKj RvwZi

g‡a¨ ZejxM Kiv gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ diR Kiv n‡qwQj, wKš‘ gymjgvbiv ZejxM †Q‡o w`j| ewb BmivBj es‡ki evB‡i ZejxM Kiv wLªóvb‡ì Rb¨ wbwl× wQj| wKš‘ wLªóvbiv ivR¨ we¯Ív‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ RvwZ ag© wbwe©‡k‡l ZejxM ïiæ K‡i w`j Ges mKj RvwZ‡K Zv‡ì a‡g© μgk: †U‡b Avb‡Z jvMj| GK w`‡K †hgb Zviv gymjgvb‡ì ivR¨mg~n †K‡o wb‡Z jvMj, Aci w`‡K Bmjvg a‡g©i IciI wewfbœ w`K w`‡q ¸iæZi AvNvZ nvb‡Z jvM‡jv| GKw`b wQj hLb RM‡Zi †Kvb RvwZ gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ †PvL Zz‡j K_v ej‡Z cviZ bv| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z gymjgvb‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`v‡l Ggb w`b Avmj, hLb wLªóvbiv Zv‡ì †`k wb‡qB ¶všÍ nj bvÑ Zv‡ì ag©‡KI f~c„ô †_‡K gy‡Q †djvi Rb¨ Zrci nj| MZ kZvãxi †klfv‡M wb‡R‡ì K…ZKvh©Zv †`‡L Zviv Ggb mvnmx n‡q DVj †h cÖKvk¨fv‡e †NvlYv Kij, Avi GKkÕ eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zviv Bmjvg‡K aivc„ô †_‡K gy‡Q †dj‡e| Av‡jg DjvgvMY Zv‡ì Avμg‡Yi mvg‡b nxbej, ¶xYKÚ I AebZ g¯ÍK Ges Avcb M„‡n Zviv ci¯ú‡ii weiæ‡× Kzdix d‡Zvqvi Z‡jvqvi †n‡b wb‡R‡ì‡K `ykg‡bi mnRjä wkKv‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z jvMj| RM‡Zi ey‡K gnv`yw`©b †b‡g Avmj| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) †K cvwV‡qwQ‡jb wek¦bex K‡i I Bmjvg‡K wek¦ag© K‡i| wKš‘ RM‡Zi gvÎ GK-cÂgvsk †jvK Zvui K‡jgv cvV Kij| wKš‘ wLªóvbiv nhiZ Cmv bex‡K Avjøvni cyÎiƒ‡c mvwR‡q RM‡Zi A‡a©‡KiI †ewk †jvK‡K Zv‡ì a‡g© `xw¶Z K‡i wbj| GB `„k¨ mvg‡b †i‡L Av‡jg Djvgv wb‡ðófv‡e e‡m †_‡K nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-‡K wek¦bex I Bmjvg‡K wek¦ag© e‡j AvZ¥cÖmv` jvf Ki‡Z KzÉv‡eva Kij bv| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi `vwe hw` mZ¨ nq Ges wbðqB Zv mZ¨, Z‡e Ggb Ae¯’v †_‡K D×v‡ii Dcvq wK wQj? †K G Ae¯’vi cÖwZKvi Ki‡e?

cÖ‡Z¨K bvgv‡hi †klfv‡M Avgiv webv e¨wZμ‡g †h ìƒ` kixd cwo Ges hvi dwRjZ me©Rb ¯^xK…Z, Gi g‡a¨B GB Ae¯’vi cÖwZKvi PvIqv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡bi wec` I e¨vwa †hiƒc ¸iæZi Zvi cÖwZKvi c×wZI †miƒc weivU| MZ PZz`©k kZvãx hver †h cwigvY ìƒ` cov n‡q‡Q Ges AvRI n‡”Q Gi mgwói cÖej eb¨vq MMYPzw¤^ RÄvjI Z…YL‡Ði gZ †f‡m †h‡Z eva¨| ìƒ` kix‡di mviK_v Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q GB KvZi cÖv_©bv †h, nhiZ Beªvwng (Av.) I Zvui AbyewZ©‡ì †hfv‡e Ava¨vwZ¥K I cvw_©e Kj¨v‡Y f~wlZ Kiv n‡qwQj, nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Ges Zuvi AbyewZ©‡ì‡KI †hb †miƒc Kj¨v‡Y f~wlZ Kiv nq| nhiZ Beªvwng (Av.) Gi eo †MŠi‡ei e¯‘ nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)|

ZrKvjxb AÜKvi RM‡Z G‡m wZwb nhiZ Beªvwng (Av.)-Gi Abymi‡Y RMZ‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡iwQ‡jb| AvR‡Ki RMr wk¶v I mf¨Zvq Af~Zc~e© DbœwZ Ki‡jI Gi fwel¨r gnv AÜKvi| GB AÜKvi‡K `~i Kivi Rb¨ ìƒ` kix‡di cÖv_©bvi Keywjq‡Zi djkÖæwZ‡Z AvR nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi Abymi‡Y GK gnvgvb‡ei Avwef©v‡ei cÖ‡qvRb| †h‡nZz nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) a‡g©i wk¶v I Av`k©‡K c~Y© K‡i †M‡Qb, †mRb¨ GLb ïay Zuvi wk¶v I Av`k©‡K cybiæ¾xweZ K‡i RM‡Z cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ GK †cÖwiZ cyiæ‡li cÖ‡qvRb| gvbyl hLb Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi ag©‡K Z¨vM K‡i, Avjøvn& ZvAvjv ¯^qs ZLb ¯^xq ag©‡K mÄxweZ Kivi eë¯’v K‡i _v‡Kb| gymjgvbiv †h‡nZz mZä‡g©i ZejxM‡K ev` w`‡q Bmjvg‡K imvZ‡j w`‡q‡Q, Avjøvn& ZvAvjv ZvB Gi mwVK Zejx‡Mi Rb¨ GK bex †cÖiY K‡i Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi m¤§vb‡K D”PZi wgbv‡i ¯’vwcZ Kivi eë¯’v K‡i‡Qb| cweÎ KziAv‡bi fvlvq e¨vcviwU GB :

ÒwZwb (Avjøvn& ZvAvjv) Avcb imyj‡K †n`vqvZ mnKv‡i cvwV‡q‡Qb †hb Zuvi Øviv wZwb G (Bmjvg ag©‡K) mKj a‡g©i Ici Rqhy³ K‡ib|Ó [Ôm~iv Avm&mvdÕ, iæKz 1]

GB AvqvZ cv‡V eySv hvq †h, cÖwZkÖæZ gnvcyiæl mKj a‡g©i Zzjbvg~jK mgv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g AKvU¨ cÖgvY I hyw³ Øviv Bmjvg ag©‡K mKj a‡g©i Ici Rqhy³ Ki‡eb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) ÔkixqZ‡KÕ c~Y© K‡iwQ‡jb| gymjgvb‡ì KZ©e¨ wQj Gi Avgj Øviv ÔcÖPvi‡KÕ c~Y© Kiv Ges mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ‡K wb‡q GK ALÐ gvbeZv Kv‡qg Kiv| cwiZ¨³ GB KvR Kiv cÖwZkÖæZ gnvcyiæ‡li Rb¨ wbw`©ó wQj| a‡g©i Zzjbvg~jK wePv‡i Bmjv‡gi mZ¨‡K mKj RvwZi Kv‡Q mn‡R MÖnY‡hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨ Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Av‡M †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨K †`k I Kv‡ji bexi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì RvwZ‡K eZ©gvb hy‡Mi we¯ÍvwiZ wec`-m‡¼Z w`‡q G hy‡M GK D×viKZ©vi AvMgb evZ©v Rvwb‡q Zvu‡K MÖnY Kivi Av‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb| †m Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZ Avcb Avcb a‡g©i cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx G hy‡Mi D×viKZ©vi AvMg‡bi Aaxi cÖZx¶v KiwQj| g‡b n‡qwQj †hfv‡e Zviv cÖZx¶v KiwQj, cÖwZkÖæZ gnvcyiæl Avm‡jB †hb mevB Zvu‡K mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i wb‡eb | cweÎ KziAv‡b Avjøvn& ZvAvjv †L‡`vw³ K‡i‡Qb :

Ònvq! Avgvi ev›`v‡ì Rb¨ cwiZvc| Ggb †Kvb imyj Av‡mb bv, hvi AvMg‡b Zviv Zvu‡K VvÆv we`ªƒc bv K‡i|Ó [Ôm~iv BqvwmbÕ, iæKz 2]

GB †L‡`vw³ GeviI m‡Z¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZkÖæZ cyiæl h_vmg‡q wec‡ì mwÜ¶‡YB Avwe©f~Z n‡jb| wKš‘ gvbe RvwZ Zvu‡K Dcnvm Kij| Zvui we‡ivwaZv Kij| Ggb wK, †h gymjgvb‡ì ag©‡K wZwb webv e¨wZμ‡g cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Avm‡jb, ZvivI Zvui Pig we‡ivwaZv Kij|

huvi cweÎ Rxebx GB eB‡Z wjwLZ n‡q‡Q, wZwb nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` (Av.) mKj RvwZi Rb¨ †mB cÖwZkÖæZ gnvcyiæl| cÖ‡Z¨K ag©MÖ‡š’ Zuvi AvMg‡bi j¶Yvejx wjwce× Av‡Q| myZivs Zvu‡K †Pbvi I MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb Amyweav wQj bv| Zvui AvMg‡bi mymsev` I AvnŸv‡b Zvui mZ¨ Rvbvi I Zvu‡K MÖnY Kivi cwie‡Z© gvbyl Zvu‡K wg_¨vev`x cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨B †ewk Zrci n‡q coj| Aek¨, RM‡Z beyq‡Zi A‡bK wg_¨v `vwe`viI Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wg_¨v bexi Avwef©v‡ei Kvi‡Y KLbI mZ¨ bexi `vwe evwZj nq bv Ges wg_¨v bexi Avwef©v‡ei m¤¢vebv Av‡Q e‡j †Kvb mZ¨ bexi `vwe‡KI we‡ePbv Kie bv ej‡j RM‡Z AvR †Kvb ag© _vKZ bv| wg_¨vi f‡q mZ¨‡K †`L‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡j ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡Z n‡e| myZivs, mKj `vwe cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| we‡klZ:, hLb hyM I Gi j¶Yvejx †Kvb bexi Avwef©v‡ei mv¶¨ †`q|

beyI‡Zi `vwe wZb †kªYxi e¨w³iv K‡i _v‡K| h_v:- mZ¨ bex, wg_¨vev`x Ges cvMj| Ôd‡jB Mv‡Qi cwiPq nqÕ| dj †`‡L hv mZ¨ e‡j cÖwZcbœ nq, ZvB gvb‡Z n‡e| cvV‡Ki wePv‡ii myweavi Rb¨ wZb †kªYxi `vwe`v‡ii cwiPq ZvwjKv wb‡P †`qv nj :

cvMj :1| Zvi `vwei mg_©‡b †Kvb hyw³, wb`k©b I mdjZv _v‡K bv|2| Zvi †Kvb Kg©m~Px _v‡K bv|3| Zvi mv‡_ Avjøvn& ZvAvjv I gvbylÑKv‡iv mvnvh¨ _v‡K bv|4| Zvi †KD AbyMvgx nq bv|5| Zvi RxeÏkvq ev Zvi g„Zzï ci Zvi †Kvb RvgvZ _v‡K bv|6| Av‡gv` Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z AcwiYZ eq‡mi evjK Qvov cwiYZ eq¯‹ e¨w³MY Zvi cÖwZ åƒ‡¶c ev Zvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i bv|

7| wb‡Ri `vwe‡Z wb‡RI †m Kv‡qg _v‡K bv|

wg_¨vev`x t1| Zvi `vwe‡Z AvswkK hyw³ _v‡K, wKš‘ wb`k©b I mdjZv _v‡K bv|2| wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Kiv Qvov Zvi †Kvb Kg©m~Px _v‡K bv|3| Zvi wg_¨v Inx I Bjnvg jv‡fi `vwe _v‡K, wKš‘ Zvi mv‡_ Avjøvn&

ZvAvjvi mvnvh¨ _v‡K bv|4| wKQz gvbyl cvw_©e ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ Zvi m½x nq, wKš‘ Zvi g„Zz¨i ci Zvi

†Kvb AbyMvgx ev RvgvZ _v‡K bv| 5| Zvi we‡ivwaZv nq Ges Gi d‡jB Zvi mg~‡j webvk N‡U|6| gi‡Yi ci wg_¨vev`x wn‡m‡e Zvi Awfkß bvg †_‡K hvq|

mZ¨ bexi cwiPq t1| Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi KvQ †_‡K cÖvß Iwni wfwË‡Z wZwb `vwe K‡i _v‡Kb

Ges Zvui `vwei mv‡_ c~Y©Zg hyw³hy³ wb`k©b I mdjZv _v‡K| 2| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv m`v Zvui mv‡_ evK¨vjvc K‡i _v‡Kb Ges Avjøvni KvQ

†_‡K mvnvh¨ I weRq me©`v Zvui mv_x nq|3| Zvui RxeÏkvq GK cweÎ RvgvÕZ jvf nq Ges gi‡Yi ci Zv

DbœwZkxj _v‡K|4| ag©hvRKiv Zvui cÖavb kÎæ n‡q _v‡K, wKš‘ Zv‡`i Pig we‡ivwaZv

m‡Ë¡I wZwb weRqx nb Ges Zviv civwRZ I jvwÃZ nq|5| Zvui g„Zz¨ ci Zvui bvg I cqMv‡gi m¤§vb A¶q n‡q hvq|

Dc‡iv³ cwiPq ZvwjKvi Av‡jv‡Z nhiZ Avng` (Av.)-Gi `vwe chv©‡jvPbv Ki‡j Zvui mZ¨ Ôga¨vý m~‡h©i b¨vq †``xc¨gvbÕ n‡q c‡o| cweÎ KziAv‡b Avjøvn& ZvAvjv wg_¨v `vweKvixi cv_©K¨ cÖKvkv‡_© gynv¤§` imyjyjøvn& mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg m¤^‡Ü e‡j‡Qb :

ÒGes wZwb hw` wb‡Ri †Kvb K_v Avgvi bv‡g evwb‡q ej‡Zb, Zvn‡j Avgiv Zvui `w¶Y n¯Í a‡i wbðq Zvui Rxeb wkiv †K‡U w`Zvg|Ó [Ôm~iv Avj&-nv°vÕ, iæKz 2]

Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi GB wbqg‡K mvg‡b †i‡L nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` (Av.) dviwm fvlvq Zvui GK cÖv_©bv Zvui mZ¨ wbY©‡qi R¡jšÍ Kwócv_i ¯îƒc †i‡L †M‡Qb :

Ò†n Rwgb I Avmgv‡bi m„wóKZ©v, me©kw³gvb!†n `qvkxj KiæYvgq c_cÖ`k©K,†n AšÍh©vgx! †Zvgvi `„wó †_‡K wKQzB †Mvcb †bB|hw` Zzwg Avgv‡K cvc I `yóvwg‡Z fiv †`L,hw` Zzwg Avgvi AšÍi‡K Kjyl fiv †`L,(Z‡e) Avgvi gZ `yó‡K Zzwg UzKiv UzKiv K‡i `vI|Avgvi weiæ×ev`x `j‡K mš‘ó K‡i `vI|Avgvi Ni ìRvi Dci AwMœe„wó Ki-Zzwg Avgvi `ykgb nI Ges Avgvi mg¯Í Kg©KvÛ‡K bó K‡i `vI|Ó

Dc‡iv³ cÖv_©bv cvV Ki‡j AšÍivZ¥v I me©v½ †Ku‡c I‡V| †Kvb wg_¨vev`xi c‡¶ Ggb fqsKi cÖv_©bv Kiv Ges D³ cÖv_©bvi ci wU‡K _vKv Am¤¢e| nhiZ Avng` (Av.) 40 eQi hveZ Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Kvjvg jv‡fi `vwe K‡i KvM‡R, cy¯Í‡K, êV‡K, Rjmvq eûj cÖPvi K‡ib| RM‡Zi mKj ag©vej¤^xi c¶ †_‡K Zvui we‡ivwaZv GgbwK cÖvYbv‡ki †Póv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Zvui mv‡_ Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Iqv`v wQj :

ÒAvwg gvby‡li nvZ †_‡K †Zvgv‡K i¶v Kie|Ó G Bjnv‡g Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi AviI Iqv`v wQj t

ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡K ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨ †è Ges mm¤§v‡b †Zvgv‡K Avgvi w`‡K DVve|Ó

Avjøvn& ZvAvjv ¯^xq cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx weiæ×evw`‡ì me lohš¿ I cÖ‡Póv‡K wedj K‡i h_vmg‡q Zuv‡K m¤§vbRbK ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨ w`‡q‡Qb|

cvVK! Zvui cweÎ Rxebx cv‡V †`L‡Z cv‡eb Zvui Rxeb KZ cweÎ, KZ gnvb| Zvui hyw³ wKiƒc AKvU¨| Zvi wb`k©bvejx KZ D¾¡j| wZwb wKiƒc mvdj¨gwÐZ| Zvui weiæ×evwìv wKfv‡e c‡` c‡` jvwÃZ I AcgvwbZ| Zvui c‡` c‡` wKfv‡e Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi mvnvh¨ we`¨gvb I Zvui weiæ×evwìv Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi mvnvh¨ n‡Z †Kgb ewÂZ Ges K‡Vvi kvw¯Í‡Z wbcwZZ| Zvui RvgvZ KZ `ªæZ DbœwZ I cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q| AvR RM‡Zi Ggb †Kvb †`k †bB, †hLv‡b Zvui RvgvZ cÖwZwôZ nqwb| wZwb Bmjvg‡K AvR RxešÍ K‡i‡Qb| Zvui wklïv AvR Òjv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvû gynv¤§v`yi& imyjyjøvnÓ K‡jgvi SvÐv‡K DbœZZi n‡¯Í DÇxb K‡i wbf©xK wP‡Ë mKj †`‡k cweÎ KziAvb I nhiZ gynv¤§` (`.)-Gi wk¶vi †kªô‡Z¡i Zzjbvg~jK Awfhvb Pvwj‡q‡Q| Zvui wkl¨‡ì nv‡Z Zxi, Z‡jvqvi, Kvgvb, wgmvBj, GUg †evg ev i‡KU †bB| wKš‘ Av‡Q cweÎ KziAvb, imyj Kixg (`.)-Gi mybœZ I Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Aciv‡Rq mvnvh¨| AvR nhiZ gynv¤§` (`.)-Gi wk¶v I Av`k© RM‡Zi AÜKvi `~i K‡i kvwšÍ Avb‡Z m¶g| †mB Kv‡RB AvR Avng`xqv RvgvÕZ iZ|

ARvbv GK MÖv‡gi wZwb GK A‡Pbv gvbyl wQ‡jb| wKš‘ AíKv‡ji g‡a¨ wZwb mviv we‡k¦ cwiwPZ n‡q c‡o‡Qb| Zvui hyw³ I wk¶vi mvg‡b †h †Kvb †`‡ki †QvU n‡Z eo ch©šÍ †h †KD `„wócvZ K‡i‡Q, Zv‡K gv_v bZ Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zvui fwel¨ØvYx¸wji c~Y©Zv gvbeRvwZ‡K μgkt Awff~Z K‡i‡Q| me †`‡ki me a‡g©i mZ¨v‡š^lxiv Zvui wk¶vi Av‡jv‡K Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i ab¨ n‡”Q| AwP‡iB Ggb Ae¯’v I mgq Avm‡e, hLb mviv we‡k¦ BmjvgB GKgvÎ ag© n‡e Ges RM‡Z ALÐ gvbeZv ¯’vwcZ n‡q ¯^M©ivR¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡e|wKš‘ KviI wk¶v MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© Zvi Rxebx Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| fvlvi eëav‡bi Rb¨ evsjv fvlvfvlx fvB‡qiv GB gnvcyiæ‡li Rxebx m¤^‡Ü AÁvZ wQ‡jb|

AvR †mB Afve c~iY Kiv n‡”Q| nhiZ Avng` (Av.)-Gi Rxebxi cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvk Kiv †Mj| wØZxq LÐ, Bb&kvAvjøvn, wkMwMi cÖKvk Kiv n‡e|

GB cy¯ÍK g~j E`y© fvlvq wjwLZ Ònvqv‡Z ZvB‡qeviÓ evsjv Abyev`| GB cy¯Í‡Ki †jLK Rbve Ave`yj Kv‡ì mv‡ne wn›`y wQ‡jb| Zvui bvg wQj mI`vMi gvj| wZwb Aí eq‡m Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib Ges Avng`xqv ag© wk¶vj‡q D”PZg wk¶v jvf K‡i eû eQi Avng`xqv Rvgv‡Zi wgkbvix wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb| wZwb eû cwikªg mnKv‡i GB cy¯ÍK msKjb K‡ib| Gi evsjv Abyev` K‡i‡Qb †gŠjex gynv¤§` Avjx AvbIqvi mv‡ne| †gŠjex gynv¤§` gywneyjøvn mv‡ne Ges Avwg †hŠ_fv‡e G Abyev` †`‡LwQ| Abyev‡ì KvR Lye KwVb| myZivs ÎæwU _vKv Lye ¯^vfvweK| cvVK Zv D‡c¶v K‡i g~j welqwU Abyaveb K‡i Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi †cÖwiZ cyiæ‡li m‡Zï cwiPq `„‡ó Zvu‡K MÖnY K‡i I Zvui cÖ`wk©Z c‡_ P‡j ¯^qs kvwšÍ jvf Kiæb Ges RM‡Z cÖPvi K‡i RM‡Z kvwšÍ G‡b Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Avwkm jv‡fi AwaKvix †nvb| Avgv‡ì †kl K_v, mKj cÖksmv GKgvÎ Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Rb¨|

BwZ-LvKmvi

†gŠjex †gvnv¤§Àvgxi, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvÄygvb Avng`xqv|

28| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv KZ…©K wec` †_‡K i¶v Kivi A‡jŠwKK NUbv .. 2629| wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui wKQz wKQz NUbv .. 2630| fviZevmx‡K wLªóvb Kivi `„p msKí I G‡Z wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui wLªóvb wgk‡bi f~wgKv .. 2731| cv`ªx evUjvi mv‡ne, Gg.GÕi Ici Zvui e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖfve .. 2832| wLªóxq gZev‡ì μg:ea©gvb cøve‡bi cÖwZ‡iva .. 2933| wkqvj‡KvU Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© †gŠjvbv ˆmq` gxi nvmvb mv‡n‡ei cÖ_g wee„wZ .. 2934| ˆmq` gxi nvmvb mv‡n‡ei wØZxq wee„wZ .. 3335| gybwk wmivRyÏxb mv‡n‡ei mv¶¨ .. 3436| PvKwi †Q‡o Kvw`qvb cÖZ¨vMg‡bi Rb¨ wcZvi wb‡`©k .. 3537| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi kª‡×qv gvZvi B‡šÍKvj, 1868 mvj .. 3538| cvi‡jŠwKK wel‡q nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡n‡ei AbyivM .. 3639| Kcyi_jv iv‡Rï wk¶v wefv‡Mi D”PZi c` cÖZ¨vL¨vb .. 3840| cvw_©e Sv‡gjv †_‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e gy³ _vKvi Rb¨ wcZvi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b .. 3841| AvaywbK M‡elYv g~‡j me©cÖ_g Bjnvg Ges D¾¡j fwel¨r .. 4042| ¯^cœ I Kvk‡di AvwaK¨ Ges Kvw`qv‡bi wn›`y‡ì Rb¨ wb`k©bvejx .. 4243| Kvk&‡d c~e©eZx© †Kvb †Kvb eyRy‡M©i mv‡_ mv¶vr .. 4444| AvU bq gvme¨vcx †ivhv Ges ¯^Mx©q †R¨vwZi AeZiY .. 4445| nhiZ Ave`yjøvn MRbex I KwZcq eyRy‡M©i mv‡_ mv¶vr .. 4646| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi kª‡×q wcZvi B‡šÍKvj, Ryb 1886 .. 4747| wcZvi B‡šÍKv‡ji ci Hkx ZË¡veavb .. 4848| gmwR` AvKmvi cv‡k wcZvi `vdb .. 4949| cvwievwiK m¤§vb I cÖwZcwË Kv‡qg _vKv m¤ú‡K© wKQz Bjnvg .. 5150| eûjvKv‡i Hkx evK¨vjvc ïiæ .. 5251| †R¨ô fvB‡qi Avg‡j .. 5252| Òeo PvPx G‡jbÓ .. 5353| c~e©cyiæ‡li m¤úwË‡Z wgh©v Avhg †e‡Mi Iqvwikx `vwei †gvKÏgv .. 5454| WvK wefv‡Mi †gvKÏgv .. 55

55| gvivZ¥K †ivM †_‡K A‡jŠwKK Av‡ivM¨ jvf .. 5756| RR beve mi`vi gynv¤§` nvqvZ Luvi c`P~¨wZi ci cybe©nv‡ji mymsev` .. 5857| AZzjbxq Ava¨vwZ¥K cwieZ©‡bi GK ivZ .. 58

wØZxq Aa¨vqÔevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ cÖYqb †_‡K ÔcÖ_g eqAvZÕ MÖnY ch©šÍ

58| Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ cÖYq‡bi cUf~wg .. 5959| eªvþ Av‡›`vj‡bi AK…ZKvh©Zv .. 6160| evivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ cÖYqb I cÖKvk .. 6261| Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ m¤^‡Ü †gŠjex Avey mvqx` gynv¤§` ûmvBb evUvjexÕi AwfgZ .. 6462| mywd Avng` Rvb mv‡n‡ei AwfgZ .. 6563| †gŠjex gynv¤§` kixd ev½v‡jvixi AwfgZ .. 6664| Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ wewfbœ LÐ cÖKv‡ki mgqKvj .. 6765| evivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Póv .. 6766| beve wmwÏK nvmvb Lvui Avðh© eënvi .. 6867| Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕi cÖKvk gyjZex .. 6968| ÔgyRv‡Ï`xqZÕ I ÔgvgywiqZÕ m¤úwK©Z cÖ_g Bjnvg .. 7069| wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡n‡ei g„Zz¨ .. 7370| wgh©v myjZvb Avng‡ì Znkxj`vix (GKóªv Gwmó¨v›U Kwgkbvi) cix¶vq K…ZKvh©Zv .. 7371| ûhyi AvK`v‡mi wØZxq weevn .. 7472| Ôjvj Kvwji wQuUvi A‡jŠwKK wb`k©bÕ .. 7873| wewfbœ a‡g©i †bZ…eM©‡K Ôwb`k©bÕ †`Lvi AvnŸvb Ges ÔgyRv‡Ïw`qZÕ I ÔgvgywiqZÕ †NvlYv .. 8074| PvPv‡Zv fvB‡ì cwiRb m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx, 5B AvMó, 1885 mvj .. 8175| Dévcv‡Zi wb`k©b .. 8276| b¶Î D`‡qi wb`k©b .. 8377| m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Lvu msμvšÍ fxwZcÖ` msev` .. 83

78| gnvivRv w`jxc wms msμvšÍ msev` .. 8479| ûwkqvicyi mdi Ges g~m‡jn gvID` msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYx .. 8480| Ôing‡Zi wb`k©b,Õ A_©vr gym‡jn gvID` .. 8781| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cwievi I AšÍi½ eÜzMY m¤ú‡K© fwel¨ØvYx .. 8882| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mšÍvb mšÍwZ .. 9083| wgh©v Avng` †eM m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx .. 92

Z…Zxq Aa¨vqÔeqAv‡Zi ‡NvlYvÕ †_‡K ÔgmwR‡` gyevi‡KiÕ m¤úªmviY ch©šÍ

84| eqAv‡Zi †NvlYv .. 9385| eqAv‡Zi `kwU kZ©vejx .. 9486| eqAv‡Zi kZ©vejx †NvlYvq wej‡¤î KviY .. 9587| wmjwmjvi wfwË ¯’vcb I gym‡jn gvID‡ì Rb¥MÖnY GKxf~Z nIqvq Hkx ms‡KZ .. 9788| jywaqvbv I ûwkqvicyi mdi .. 9889| cÖ_g eqAvZ MÖnY, 23†k gvP©, 1889 mvj .. 9890| Ô`viæj eqAvZÕ .. 9991| ÔeqAv‡Zi w`bÕ .. 9992| eqAvZ MÖnYKvix‡ì μwgK b¤î .. 10093| eqAv‡Zi kãvejx .. 10094| AvjxMo mdi .. 10195| jywaqvbv cÖZ¨vMgb .. 10296| nhiZ mv‡neRv`v cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvbxi eqAvZ 23†k wW‡m¤î, 1889 mvj .. 10297| nhiZ beve gynv¤§` Avjx Lvu mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ, 19†k b‡f¤î, 1890 mvj .. 10398| Ôgwmn gvID`Õ `vwe, 1889 mv‡ji †klvs‡k .. 10399| Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ I Ô†ZŠwh‡n-givgÕ cÖKvk .. 103100| kÎæ wkwe‡i †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex .. 104101| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei Ôgybvhvivi AvKv•¶v .. 105102| cÎvjv‡ci KwZcq K_vevZ©v .. 106

103| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡q‡bi mv‡_ cÎ Av`vb cÖ`vb eÜ .. 108104| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡q‡bi QÙbv‡g QÙveiY .. 108105| GKwU Riæwi weÁwß .. 109106| †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmv‡bi mv‡_I cÎ Av`vb cÖ`vb eÜ .. 110107| jywaqvbvi gyevnvmvi KviY .. 110108| jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv .. 111109| nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡n‡ei wee„wZ .. 111110| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei †μvavÜ D‡ËRbv I jywaqvbvi †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡`©k .. 114111| †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ .. 115112| mvuB ¸jve kvn gRhy‡ei mv¶¨ .. 117113| ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕ cÖYqb I cÖKvk .. 118114| ÔZvIqvwdÕ k‡ãi A_© m¤^‡Ü P¨v‡jÄ I GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv .. 120115| ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕ Ab¨vb¨ M‡elYv .. 121116| nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bvIqv‡ei †NvlYv .. 122117| nhiZ †gŠjex †Mvjvg bex mv‡ne †Lvkvex (ivwh.)-i eqAvZ MÖnY .. 122118| w`jøxi mdi, 1891 mv‡ji 28†k †m‡Þ¤î .. 127119| KziAvb I nvw`m †_‡K Cmv gwmn RxweZ _vKv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv .. 130120| 1891 mv‡ji 20†k A‡±ve‡ii gyevnvmv mfvi msw¶ß Kvh©weeiYx .. 130121| w`jøxi Djvgv‡ì Kzdix dZIqvi A¯¿ aviY Ges D‡ËRbv m„wó .. 130122| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne f~cvjexi mv‡_ gyevnvmv, 1891 mv‡ji 23 †k A‡±vei .. 136123| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi m‡¤^vab .. 137124| †divi c‡_ cvwUqvjv Mgb .. 139125| ÔAvmgvbx dqmvjvÕ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avnevb .. 140126| Kzd‡ii dZIqv .. 141127| ÔKzd‡ii dZIqvÕ m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`v‡mi AwfgZ .. 144128| cÖ_g mvjvbv Rjmv, 1891 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î .. 146

129| 1890-91 m‡b cÖYxZ wKZve .. 147130| GKRb Bs‡i‡Ri Bmjvg MÖnY, 1892 mv‡ji 13B Rvbyqvwi .. 148131| jv‡nvi mdi, 1892 mv‡ji 20†k Rvbyqvwi .. 148132| nhiZ nvRx-Dj-nvivgvBb †gŠjvbv nv‡dh nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne †fiæexi e³…Zv .. 149133| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Pig (gnvb) AvZ¥mshg .. 150134| jv‡nv‡ii †Kvb †Kvb eÜzi ÔeqAvZÕ MÖnY .. 151135| gvn&`yweq‡Zi `vweKvixi AvμgY .. 151136| nhiZ †gŠjex ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avnmvb mv‡ne Avgv‡ivnxi jv‡nv‡i AvMgb, 1892 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi .. 152137| †gŠjex Ave`yj nvKxg Kvjvbyix mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ gyevnvmv .. 152138| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi cÖwZ RbM‡Yi kª×vi AebwZ ïiæ .. 153139| wkqvj‡KvU mdi .. 154140| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjexi wkqvj‡KvU Mgb .. 155141| Kcyi_jv mdi .. 156142| Kcyi_jv Rvgv‡Zi we‡klZ¡ .. 156143| RjÜi mdi .. 158144| jywaqvbv mdi .. 158145| mdi¸‡jvi dj .. 159146| mZ¨v‡š^lx‡`i Rb¨ Ôiænvbx ZejxMÕ .. 159147| nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡n‡ei wnRiZ .. 161148| 1892 mv‡ji iwPZ MÖš’vejx .. 162149| 1892 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmv .. 162150| 1892 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmvq nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bvIqve mv‡n‡ei †hvM`vb .. 163151| ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ cÖKvk, 1893 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi .. 163152| GB cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡b Ô`yB eviÕ ivmyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi ÔwRqviZÕ .. 164153| ÔAvZ-ZvejxMÕ .. 164154| gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqv‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvnŸvb .. 164155| cv`ªx‡`i D‡ØM .. 165

156| nhiZ mv‡nehv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡n‡ei Rb¥, 1893 mv‡ji 20†k GwcÖj .. 166157| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex‡K Av‡iv GKwU Ávbg~jK Ava¨vwZ¥K †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb .. 166158| Agymjgvb‡ì gyevnvmvi AvnŸvb .. 168159| ÔevivKvZz`-†`vqvÕ cÖYqb, 1893 mv‡ji 20†k GwcÖj .. 170160| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex m¤^‡Ü GKwU fwel¨ØvYx .. 171161| ÔR‡½ gyKvÏvmÕ gyevnvmvi Kvh© weeiYx .. 172162| †WcyUx Ave`yjøvn& Av_g gyevnvmvi kZ© f½ Ki‡jb .. 179163| GKwU Avðh© NUbv .. 179164| cv`ªx Ave`yjøvn& Av_g m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx .. 180165| gyevnvmvi mgq eqAvZ .. 181166| ÔgyevnvjvÕ †_‡K †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi cjvqb Ges †gŠjex Ave`yj nK MRbexi Dcw¯’wZ .. 181167| nv‡dR gynv¤§` BqvKze mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ .. 183168| GB gyevnvjvi cÖwZwμqv .. 183169| Ag„Zmix †gŠjex Rvb gynv¤§‡ì gmwR‡ì wbgœ K‡¶ AvZ¥‡Mvcb .. 185170| ÒnZf¤^ weov‡ji Lv¤^v LvgPv‡bvÓ .. 186171| Av_g mv‡n‡ei Ae¯’v .. 187172| GK iv‡Z Pwjøk nvRvi Aviex avZz wk¶v .. 190173| nhiZ nvRx-Dj-nvivgvBb gvIjvbv nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avbûi wnRiZ .. 191174| 1893 mv‡j iwPZ MÖš’mgyn .. 193175| 1893 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmv ¯’wMZ .. 195176| nhiZ †kV Ave`yi ingvb nvRx Avjøvn ivLv mv‡ne gv`ªvRxi m‡½ †gŠjex nvmvb Avjx mv‡n‡ei Kvw`qvb AvMgb .. 196177| Avmgvbx wb`k©b- P›`ª I m~h© MÖnY, 1894 mv‡ji GwcÖj .. 201178| LvRv KvgvjyÏxb mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ, 1894 mb .. 201179| †gŠjex imyj evev Ag„Zmixi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kl hyw³ .. 202180| †gŠjex imyj evevi †cø‡M g„Zz¨, 1902 mv‡ji 8B wW‡m¤î .. 203181| 1894 mv‡ji MÖš’ .. 204182| 1894 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmv .. 205

183| mv‡neRv`v wgh©v kixd Avng` mv‡n‡ei Rb¥, 24†k †g, 1895 mvj .. 205184| nhiZ Cmv gmx‡ni Kei (Av.) M‡elYv‡_© kªxbM‡i cÖwZwbwa `j †cÖi‡Yi cÖ¯Íve .. 207185| Avh© I wLªóvb‡ì cÖwZ ag©xq weZ‡K©i c×wZ I bxwZ wba©viK †bvwUk Ges miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ¯§viK-wjwc 22†k †m‡Þ¤î, 1895 mb .. 214186| †Wiv evev bvbK hvÎv 30 †k †m‡Þ¤î, 1895 mb .. 215187| 1895 mv‡j iwPZ MÖš’mgyn .. 218188| RygAvi w`‡b QzwUi Av‡›`vjb, 1jv Rvbyqvwi, 1896 .. 219189| wLªóvb‡ì‡K m‡e©vrK…ó Dcv‡q wggvsmvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb .. 219190| wek¦ ag©mfvi Kvh©weeiYx, wW‡m¤î, 1896 mvj .. 221191| 1896 mv‡ji MÖš’mgyn .. 228192| GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi, 28†k Rvbyqvwi, 1897 mvj .. 228193| μyk-f½ I Awfm¤úvZ, 6B gvP©, 1897 mvj .. 229194| ¯^qs HkxevYx cvIqv Ges gyjnvg nIqv m¤ú‡K© DjvgvM‡Yi bvg ebvg gyevnvjvi AvnŸvb .. 230195| nhiZ LvRv †Mvjvg dix` mv‡ne, PvuPov kixdÕGi mg_©b .. 235196| ˆmq` ikx` DÏxb mv‡ne cxi mv‡neyj Avj‡gi Zmw`K .. 236197| †gŠjex †Mvjg `¯ÍMxi Kv‡mŠixi e`-‡`vqvi cwiYwZ, 1897 mvj .. 237198| weiæ×ev`x Djvgv‡ì‡K wb`k©b cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi AvnŸvb .. 238199| cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx .. 240200| nZ¨vi cieZx© NUbv .. 241201| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi M„n -Zjøvwm .. 245202| nZ¨vi loh‡š¿ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wjß _vKvi m‡›`n †cvlYKvix‡K m`yc‡`k .. 246203| M½v-weòzi `y:mvnm I c„ô-cÖ`k©b .. 246204| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex‡K kc_ Kivi AvnŸvb .. 249205| GB nZ¨vi A_©‰bwZK DcKvwiZv .. 250206| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Øxbx MqiZ .. 250207| nhiZ mv‡neRv`x gyevivKv †eMg mv‡nevi Rb¥, 2iv gvP©, 1897 mvj .. 251

208| Kvw`qv‡b ZzKx© Kbmvj ûmv‡qb Kvgxi AvMgb, 10B ev 11B †g, 1897 mvj .. 252209| ZzKx© Kbmv‡ji c`©vduvK .. 253210| Ô‡PŠuayCu-mv`xÕ-cwÎKvi eyRy‡M©i ZIev .. 253211| AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Avgxi‡K ZejxM .. 254212| Ôgvngy` Kx AvgxbÕ .. 254213| gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqvi lwóZg Rywejx, 19†k Ryb, 1897 mvj .. 255214| gvkv‡qL I myjvnv‡K Avjøvn-Rvjøv-kvbyûi Kmgmn AvnŸvb, 15B RyjvB, 1897 mvj .. 256215| gmwR` gyevi‡Ki AvqZb e„w× .. 257216| cwÛZ †jLivg nZ¨vi GKRb cÖZ¨¶`wk©i mv¶¨ .. 258

d‡Uvm~Px

1| nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` c„ôv (Av.) cÖwZkÖæZ gwmn I Bgvg gvn`x ..

2| nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` LwjdvZzj gwmn& mvbx Avj&-gym‡jûj& gvID` (iv.) .. 963| nhiZ AvjnvR¡ nvKxg gvIjvbv b~iæÏxb LwjdvZzj gwmn AvDqvj (iv.) .. 1944| nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` (iv.) .. 1675| nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v kixd Avng` (iv.) .. 2046| nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Gi `yÕwU Qwe .. 2088| Kvgivb DcZ¨Kvi `k MnŸ‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ_g cixw¶Z MnŸ‡ii `„k¨ .. 211,2129| nhiZ evev bvbK (ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n) Gi Ò‡Pvjv mv‡neÓ bvgK wcivnvb .. 21610| cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨kh¨v .. 241

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nvqv‡Z ZvB‡qev

1 g LÛ

nvqv‡Z ZvB‡qev

cÖ_g Aa¨vqRb¥MÖnY †_‡K Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ cÖYqb ch©šÍ

esk cwiPq :nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` (Av.) Bgvg gvn`x I gwmn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg cvim¨ †`kevmx weL¨vZ eijvm Kz‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| GB es‡ki Avw` cyiæl KvivPvi wnRix lô kZvãx‡Z Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| KvivPvi whwb PzM&ZvB Gi DwRi I GKRb L¨vZbvgv †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb| wZwb mgiK‡›ì `w¶‡Y cÖvq wÎk gvBj `~‡i wKk AÂ‡j Zvi †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì wb‡q emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvui †cŠÎ eiKv‡ki `yB cyÎ wQ‡jb| GKR‡bi bvg wQj Zziv‡M Ges AciR‡bi bvg wQj nvRx eijvm| cÖwm× Bivb mgªvU ˆZgyijs1 mv‡ne-‡KivY Zziv‡Mi cyÎ wQ‡jb| wKk ivR¨ nvRx eijv‡mi Aax‡b wQj| wKš‘ nvRx mv‡n‡ei åvZz®úyÎ ˆZgyi kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡j nvRx eijvm GB GjvKv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb| ZrKvjxb BwZnvm †_‡K †h †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v Rvbv hvq, Zv †_‡K wbYx©Z nq †h, fjMv n‡Z cvi‡m¨vcmvMi Ges AvdMvwb¯Ívb I †ejywP¯Ívb n‡q eyLviv ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z f~-fvM Ôcvim¨Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ nZ| eis Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z AwaKvsk AvdMvwb¯Ívb, eZ©gvb †ejywP¯Ívb Ges KvkMo e¨vwc we¯Í…Z M½vi DrcwË ¯’v‡bi DËivÂjI Gi AšÍfy©³ wQj| wKkI DwjøwLZ mxgvbvejxi AšÍe©Z©x f~-fv‡Mi g‡a¨B Aew¯’Z| wKš‘ AveŸvmxq LwjdvM‡Yi mg‡q GB GjvKv Ôgv-Iiv-Db-bn‡iÕi Askxf~Z e‡j MY¨ nZ|2

(1) fvi‡Z gyNj mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv hnxi DwÏb evei kvn& ˆZgyijs Gi es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|(2) ÔAvb-bvRgym- mv‡Ke; 2q LÛ, 182 c„:|

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wKš‘ wKQzKvj c‡i GB es‡ki GKRb eyRyM© wgh©v nv`x †eM mv‡ne Zvui cwievi cwiRb‡K wb‡q cybivq c~e©cyiæl‡ì evm¯’vb mgiK›` AÂ‡j Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wKQzKvj Ae¯’v‡bi ci †Kvb ARvbv Kvi‡Y c~e© cyiæl‡ì wcÖq †`k Z¨vM K‡i fviZvwfgy‡L AvMgb K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Zvui GB wnRiZ cÖm‡½ e‡jb :

ÒPzM&ZvB myjZvbv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv evei ev`kv‡ni mg‡q GB Ôwbqvhg‡›`-Gjvnxi (A_©vr Avjøvni K…cvi wfLvix) ÔeyhyM©Õ (c~e© cyiæl) Lvm mgiK›`1 †_‡K †Kvb ARvbv Kvi‡Y eû †jvKRbmn wnRiZ K‡i w`jøx AvMgb K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡¶, cÖvß KvMRcÎ †_‡K GK_v cwi®‹vifv‡e †evSv hvq bv †h, Zviv eve‡ii m‡½ fviZe‡l© AMgb K‡ib, bvwK Zvi AeëwnZ c‡iB G‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib| wKš‘ AwaKvsk KvMRcÎ ch©v‡jvPbv Øviv GK_v ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖgvwYZ nq †h, eve‡ii m‡½B G‡m _vKzb ev wKQzKvj c‡iB G‡m _vKzb, G kvnx Lv›`v‡bi mv‡_ Zv‡ì Ggb †Kvb we‡kl m¤^Ü wQj hvi d‡j Zviv GB miKv‡ii `„wó‡Z m¤§vwbZ cÖavb‡ì g‡a¨ MY¨ nb| mgmvgwqK ev`kv‡ni KvQ †_‡K Zvuiv eû MÖvg RvqMxi iƒ‡c cÖvß nb Ges Zvu‡ì‡K GKwU eo Rwg`vixi ZvjyK`vi Kiv nq|2

nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi wbR nv‡Z wjwLZ Lv›`vbx Ae¯’v :nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Zvui iwPZ †Kvb †Kvb cy¯Í‡K Zvu‡ì cwievi m¤^‡Ü wbR nv‡Z †h eY©bv wjwce× K‡i‡Qb GLv‡b D×„Z Kiv mgxPxb g‡b Kwi| ûhyi (Av.) e‡jb :

ÒAvgv‡ì esk n‡jv gyNj eijvm| Avgvi c~e© cyiæl‡ì cÖvPxb KvMRcÎ †_‡K hv GLb ch©šÍ msiw¶Z Av‡Q, Rvbv hvq †h, Zviv G‡`‡k mgiK›` †_‡K AvMgb K‡ib| Zv‡ì m‡½ AbyPi, f„Z¨, cwiev‡ii †jvK I AvZ¥xq (1) ZzwK©¯Ívb|(2) ÔBhvjv‡q AvDnvgÕ cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, nvwkqv 112-22 c„:|

02 nvqv‡Z ZvB‡qev

¯^Rbmn cÖvq `yÕk e¨w³ wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì Avw` cyiæl GKRb m¤£všÍ iBm iƒ‡c G‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges jv‡nvi †_‡K AvbygvwbK cÂvk †μvk DËi-c~e© w`‡K †mKv‡j GKwU Rsjv cwZZ f~wg‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib| GUvB GB MÖvg| Zviv GUv Avev` K‡ib Ges Bmjvgcyi bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib| c‡i Zv Bmjvgcyi ÔKvwhgvwSÕ e‡j L¨vwZ jvf K‡i| Kvjμ‡g †jv‡K ÔBmjvgcyiÕ kã fy‡j hvq Ges KvwhgvwS ¯’‡j ïay ÔKvwhÕ Aewkó _v‡K| c‡i GwU Kvw`Õ k‡ã iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges weK…wZ jvf K‡i ÔKvw`qv‡bÕ cwiYZ nq|1 ÔKvwhgvwSÕ bvg cÖPwjZ nIqvi KviY iƒ‡c ejv nq †h, cÖvq lvU †μvk e¨vcx we¯Í…Z GB m¤ú~Y© GjvKvwU ZLbKvi w`‡b ÔgvSvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| m¤¢eZ: GUv GB Kvi‡Y ÔgvSÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ nZ †h, GZ`vÂ‡j eû gwnl wQj Ges G‡`kxq fvlvq gwnl‡K ÔgvSÕ ejv nq| Avgv‡ì c~e©c~iælMY MÖvgmg~‡ni RvqMxi`vix Qvov AvÂwjK kvmb KZ©„Z¡I jvf K‡ib| †mRb¨ Zvuiv ÔKvhxÕ e‡j weL¨vZ wQ‡jb| wK Kvi‡Y, †Kb, Avgv‡ì c~e©c~iælMY mgiK›` †_‡K G‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib, †m m¤^‡Ü Avgvi wKQz Rvbv †bB| wKš‘ KvMR-cÎ †_‡K mÜvb cvIqv hvq †h, IB †`‡kI Zviv m¤£všÍ Dgviv Ges wiqvm‡Zi gvwjK wQ‡jb| cvwievwiK †Kvb we‡iva I A‰b‡Kï Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì‡K †`k Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq| Zvici, G‡`‡k G‡m mgmvgwqK ev`kv‡ni KvQ †_‡K eû MÖvg RvqMxi cÖvß nb| d‡j, GZ`Â‡j Zviv GK wPi¯’vqx wiqvmZ jvf K‡ib|Ó2

wgh©v d‡qh gynv¤§` mv‡ne :wgh©v nv`x †e‡Mi Idv‡Zi ci Zvui cwiev‡ii cÖfve, cÖwZcwË e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| beg cyiæ‡l wgh©v d‡qh gynv¤§` mv‡n‡ei KZ…©Z¡Kv‡j gyNj myjZvbv‡Zi mv‡_ GB cwiev‡ii Av‡iv Mfxi m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nq| 1716 wLªóv‡ã kvnvbkvn diiæLwmqvi wgh©v d‡qh gyn¤§` mv‡ne‡K ÔnvdZ-nvhvixÕ c‡` AwawôZ K‡i ÔAvh`y`&-`vDjvÕ Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡ib| Avh`y`&-`vDjvi A_© wZwb ¯^vaxbfv‡e mvZ nvRvi †Rvqvb m¤^wjZ †dŠR ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb| GB m¤§vb ZrKv‡j †KejgvÎ iv‡óªi †kªô wek¦¯Í e¨w³ivB cÖvß n‡Zb|

(1) Kvw`qvb evUvjv †_‡K 12 gvBj, Ag„Zmi †_‡K 36 gvBj Ges jv‡nvi †_‡K 70 gvBj `~‡i Aew¯’Z| (MÖš’Kvi)(2) ÔwKZveyj-evwiq¨vÕ, nvwkqv, 134 c„:|

03nvqv‡Z ZvB‡qev

wgh©v ¸j&&& gynv¤§` mv‡ne :nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg wgh©v ¸j&& gynv¤§` mv‡ne cÖm‡½ ÔwKZveyj-evwiq¨vÕ-‡Z wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒwkL kvmbvg‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K Avgvi cÖwcZvgn wgh©v ¸j&& gynv¤§` mv‡ne G AÂ‡j GKRb ¯^bvgab¨, weL¨vZ iBm wQ‡jb| ZLb Zvi Kv‡Q 85wU MÖvg wQj| eû MÖvg wkL‡ì Dchy©cwi Avμg‡Yi d‡j Zvi n¯ÍPz¨Z nq| ZeyI Zvi Ggb wPË cÖk¯ÍZv I `vbkxjZv wQj †h, GB cÖKvi ¯^í Aewkó m¤úwË †_‡KI wKQz MÖvg wZwb †Kvb †Kvb AvZ¥KjniZ gymjgvb iBm‡K `vb K‡ib| IB¸‡jv GL‡bv Zvu‡ì KZ…©Z¡vax‡b Av‡Q| e¯‘Z:, wZwb †`kgq AivRKZvi mg‡q Zvi GjvKvi GKRb ¯^vaxb iBm wQ‡jb| me©`v Kg‡ewk cÖvq cvuPk e¨w³ Zvi `¯ÍiLv‡b Avnvi Ki‡Zb| GKkiI †ewk Djvgv, mvaycyiæl I KziAvb kix‡di nv‡dR Zvi Kv‡Q evm Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì Rb¨ h‡_ó e„wË wba©vwiZ wQj| Zvi ìev‡i AwaKvsk mg‡q Avjøvn& I Zvui imy‡ji (mv.) nv`xm wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nZ| Zvi Kg©Pvix I mswkøó e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ †KDB †ebvgvhx wQ‡jb bv| Ggb wK, huvZv cwiPvwjKv ¯¿x‡jvKivI ˆ`wbK cvuP Iqv‡³i Ges Zvnv¾y‡ì bvgvh Av`vq KiZ| cÖwZ‡ekx m¤£všÍ gymjgvbiv hv‡ì AwaKvskB AvdMvb wQ‡jb, ZrKv‡j Bmjvgcyi bv‡g AwfwnZ Kvw`qvb‡K Ôg°vÕ ej‡Zb| KviY, †mB êcøweK hy‡M cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ GB Kj¨vYcyix, Avkª‡qi ¯’vb wQj Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvsk ¯’v‡bB Kzdi, AbvPvi I Ryjyg cwijw¶Z nZ| Kvw`qv‡b Bmjvg, ag©vbyivM, cweÎZv Ges b¨vq wePv‡ii myMwÜ cvIqv †hZ| Avwg wb‡R ZLbKvi mgmvgwqK e¨w³‡ì †`‡LwQ| Zviv Kvw`qv‡bi Ggb my›ì Ae¯’vi K_v eY©bv Ki‡Zb, †hb †mKv‡j †mBmgq GUv GKUv g‡bvig D`¨vb ¯îƒc wQj| †mLv‡b a‡g©i mvnvh¨Kvix mvay, Ávbx Ges AwZkq f`ª I mr-mvnmx kZ kZ e¨w³ ZiæivwRiƒ‡c weivRgvb wQ‡jb| G AÂ‡j Giƒc eû NUbv cÖwm× Av‡Q, hvi Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h wgh©v ¸j&&&& gynv¤§` mv‡ne giûg ZrKvjxb Ôgvkv‡qLÕ (kxl©¯’vbxq AvDwjqv) Ges Ô†KivgZ m¤úbœÕ e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb wQ‡jb| Zvi m½ jvfv‡_© eû mv‡jn Ges weÁ e¨w³ Kvw`qv‡b mg‡eZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡iv Avð‡h©i welq, Zvi Ggb †Kvb †Kvb †KivgZ cÖwm× Av‡Q †h, Zv‡ì mZ¨Zv m¤^‡Ü msL¨vMwiô weiæ×ev`x GK m¤cÖ`vqI mv¶¨ `vb K‡i Avm‡Q| e¯‘Z ivR¨ Ges AwabvqKZ¡ QvovI mZZv, ag©kxjZv, †cŠiæl, `„pwPËZv, a‡g©i mvnvh¨ Ges gymjgvbM‡Yi


mnvbyf~wZg~jK ¸Yvejxi Rb¨ Zvui AZ¨šÍ myL¨vwZ wQj| Zvui gRwj‡m AskMÖnYKvix mevB ag©fxiæ, m`vPvix, Bmjvgx gh©v`v‡eva m¤úbœ, cvcvPvi †_‡K weiZ, mrmvnmx I cÖfvekvjx e¨wËZ¡ wQ‡jb| Avwg eûevi Avgvi wcZvi Kv‡Q ï‡bwQ ZrKv‡j gyNj iv‡óªi GKRb DwRi Kvw`qvb AvMgb K‡ib| wZwb ÔwMqvmy`&-ÌjvÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wgh©v ¸j&& gynv¤§` mv‡n‡ei Mv¤¢xh©¨, †gav, mvnwmKZv, gnvm¼í, âh¨©kxjZv, we‡eK eyw×, Bmjv‡gi c„ô‡cvlKZv, a‡g©i mvnvh¨v‡_© Drmvn, ag©fxiæZv, cweÎZv Ges Zvui ìev‡ii Mv¤¢xh© `k©b K‡ib| Zvi Avo¤înxb ìevi‡K eyw×gvb, m`vPvix I exi cyiælM‡Y cwic~Y© †`L‡Z cvb| ZLb wZwb mRj bq‡b e‡jwQ‡jb, Òhw` Avwg Av‡M Rvb‡Z cviZvg †h GB R½‡ji g‡a¨ gyNj es‡ki Giƒc GK e¨w³ Av‡Qb, hvi g‡a¨ iv‡RvwPZ AZ¨vek¨Kxq ¸Yvejx we`¨gvb Av‡Q, Zvn‡j Avwg Bmjvgx ivóª‡K A¶yYœ ivLvi †Póv KiZvg| PzMZvB ev`kvn‡ì AjmZv, A‡hvM¨Zv Ges ¸YnxbZvi w`‡b Zv‡K w`jøxi ZL‡Z emvZvg|Ó

ÒGLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv wbi_©K n‡e bv †h, DwjøwLZ ¸Ym¤úbœ Avgvi cÖwcZvgn, A_©vr wgh©v ¸j&& gynv¤§` Ab¨vb¨ DcmM©mn wn°v‡iv‡M cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ib| †iv‡Mi ZxeªZvi mgq wPwKrmKiv GKgZ n‡q e‡jb †h, GB †iv‡M wKQz w`b g`¨ eënvi Ki‡j DcKv‡ii m¤¢vebv Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zvui mvg‡b GUv wb‡e`b Kivi gZ mvnm KviI nqwb| Ae‡k‡l, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD GKRb bgª fvlvq GUv wb‡e`b Ki‡jb| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Ôhw` †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgv‡K Av‡ivM¨ `vb Ki‡Z Pvb, Z‡e Zvui m„wó‡Z Av‡iv eû Ilya Av‡Q| Avwg GB AcweÎ e¯‘ eënvi Ki‡Z PvB bv| Avwg Avjøvni ÔKvRv I K`‡iÕ, Zvui wb‡`©k I wbqwZ‡Z m¤ú~Y© ivwR AvwQ| Ae‡k‡l, K‡qKw`b c‡i wZwb GB †iv‡M Bnavg cwiZ¨vM K‡ib|1 Zuvi g„Zz¨ AeavwiZ wQj| wKš‘ Zvi ag©fxiæZvi GB Awfe¨w³ wPi¯§iYxq n‡q i‡q‡Q| wZwb g`cv‡bi cwie‡Z© g„Zz¨‡K eiY Ki‡jb| g„Zz¨ †_‡K Ae¨nwZ jv‡fi Rb¨ gvbyl KZ wKQz K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ wZwb cv‡c wjß nIqv A‡c¶v g„Zz¨‡K †kªq g‡b Ki‡jb| Av‡¶c, IB mKj beve, Avgxi Dgviv Ges f~cwZM‡Yi Ae¯’vi Rb¨! GB wKQzw`‡bi Rxe‡b Zviv Avcb †Lv`v Ges Zvi Av‡`kvejx m¤^‡Ü m¤ú~Y© †ec‡ivqv nb Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjvi mv‡_ hveZxq m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i cvcvPv‡i wbgMœ _v‡Kb, cvwbi b¨vq g` cvb K‡ib Ges GB cÖKv‡i (1) wgh©v ¸j&&& gynv¤§` mv‡ne h_vm¤¢e wLªóxq 1800 mv‡j ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|

(wmivZzj-gvn`x, 1g LÐ, 129 c„: `ªóe¨)


wb‡R‡ì Rxeb‡K wbZvšÍ AïwP I AcweÎ K‡i Ges ¯^vfvweK RxebKvj †_‡K ewÂZ I bvbv cÖKvi fq¼i e¨vwaMÖ¯Í n‡q kxNÖB cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ib Ges fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ N„wYZ AbyKibxq Av`k© †i‡L hvb|Õ

wgh©v AvZv gynv¤§` mv‡ne :ÒGLb, mvi K_v, Avgvi cÖwcZvgn ci‡jvK Mg‡bi ci Zvi ¯’v‡b Avgvi `v`v mv‡ne A_©vr Zvui my‡hvM¨ cyÎ wgh©v AvZv gynv¤§` mv‡ne Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb| Zvi mg‡q †Lv`v ZvAvjvi inm¨gq weÁZv I we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ wkLMY hy‡× Rq jvf K‡i| `v`v mv‡ne giûg Zvi wiqvmZ i¶v‡_© eû †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ wbqwZ Zvui AwfcÖv‡qi AbyK‚‡j bv _vKvq AK…ZKvh© nb| cwi‡k‡l `v`v mv‡ne giû‡gi Kv‡Q †KejgvÎ Kvw`qvb i‡q †Mj| Kvw`qvb ZLb GKwU `~M©vKv‡ii emwZ wQj|1 Gi PviwU M¤^yR wQj| M¤^yR¸‡jv‡Z wKQz wmcvnx I †Zvc _vKZ| PZzw`©‡K cÖvq evBk dzU DuPz cÖvPx‡ii †eóbx wQj| cÖvPxi¸‡jv Giƒc cÖk¯Í wQj †h, wZbwU †Nvov Abvqv‡m G¸‡jvi Ici w`‡q †`Š‡o †h‡Z cviZ| NUbvμ‡g ivgMwoqv bv‡gi GK `j wkL cÖ_‡g PμvšÍc~e©K AbygwZ wb‡q Kvw`qv‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| AZ:ci GUv AwaKvi K‡i e‡m| ZLb Avgv‡ì c~e©cyiælM‡Yi LyeB `yM©wZ n‡jv| BmªvBjx RvwZi gZ Zvuiv aiv co‡jv Ges e›`x n‡jv| Zv‡ì abiZœ me jyU n‡jv| eû gmwR` I fvj fvj evwoNi aywj¯§vr Kiv n‡jv| AÁZv I we‡Øle‡k evMvb¸‡jv‡K †K‡U †djv n‡jv| †Kvb †Kvb gmwR`‡K ag©kvjv A_©vr wkL gw›`‡i cwiYZ Kiv n‡jv| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU gmwR` Hfv‡e GL‡bv wkL‡ì AwaKv‡i Av‡Q| ZLb Avgv‡ì c~e©cyiæl‡ì GKwU cvVvMviI f¯§xf~Z Kiv nq| G‡Z nv‡Z †jLv cvuPÕk Kwc KziAvb kixdI AZ¨šÍ †eqv`wei mv‡_ †cvov‡bv nq| Ae‡k‡l, wkLiv wKQzUv wPšÍv K‡i Avgv‡ì c~e©cyiæl‡ì‡K Ab¨Î P‡j hvIqvi wb‡`©k w`j Ges ¯¿x cyiæl mevB‡K †Nvovi Mvwo‡Z Pwo‡q †mLvb †_‡K †ei K‡i w`j| Zviv cvÄv‡ei GKwU ¶z`ª iv‡R¨ Avkªq MÖnY Ki‡jb|3 wKQzw`b c‡i, IB me kÎæi Pμv‡šÍi d‡j Avgvi `v`v mv‡ne‡K wel cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡jv|Ó

(1) Kvw`qv‡bi `y‡M© hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ PviwU dUK wQj| G¸‡jvi bvg wQj evUvjx ìRv, cvnvwo ìRv, gyix ìRv Ges bv½x ìRv| (†kL gvngy` Avng` Bidvbx mv‡ne giûg cÖYxZ ÔKvw`qvbÕ, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, 6 c„:)

(2) AbygvwbK 1802 wLªóvã| (ÔKvw`qvbÕ 79 c„:)(3) A_©vr, Kcyi_jv ivR¨|


wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡ne :ÒAZ:ci, iYwRr wms‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡ji †klfv‡M Avgvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne (wcZv) wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv Kvw`qv‡b cÖZ¨vMgb K‡ib| wcZvi MÖvgmg~‡ni g‡a¨ cvuPwU MÖvg wZwb wd‡i †c‡jb | KviY, GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ iYwRr wmsn Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvsk ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivR¨ n¯ÍMZ K‡i GKwU eo ivóª ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì mg¯Í MÖvg¸wjB iYwRr wms‡ni KivqË wQj| GKw`‡K jv‡nvi †_‡K †ckvIqvi ch©šÍ Ges Aciw`‡K jywaqvbv ch©šÍ Zvi ivR¨ we¯Í…Z wQj| hv †nvK, Avgv‡ì cÖvPxb wiqvmZwU f~jywÉZ n‡q Ae‡k‡l cvuPwU MÖvg gvÎ nv‡Z _vK‡jv| Zey cyivZb esk wnmv‡e Avgvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne A_©vr wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv GZ`vÂ‡j L¨vZbvgv I abvX¨ e¨w³ iBm wQ‡jb| Mfb©i †Rbv‡i‡ji ìev‡i Dc‡ekbvwaKvix ivRbë‡M©i AšÍfy©³ MY¨ K‡i Zv‡K me©`v Avgš¿Y Kiv n‡Zv| m¨vi j¨v‡cj MÖxwdb mv‡neI Zr-cÖYxZ ÒcvÄv‡ei ivRbë‡M©i BwZnv‡mÓ Zvi wel‡qI D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| hv †nvK, wZwb kvmK KZ…©c‡¶i `„wó‡Z AZ¨šÍ wcÖq I kª‡×q e¨w³ wQ‡jb| A‡bK mgq Zvi g‡bvZzwói D‡Ï‡k¨ D”P ivRKg©Pvwiiv, h_v Kwgkbvi, †WcywU Kwgkbvi Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr Kivi Rb¨ Zvi evwo‡Z Avm‡Zb|Ó1

m¨vi j¨vcj wMÖwd‡bi mv¶¨ :Avgv‡ì we‡ePbvq, G¯’‡j m¨vi j¨vcj wMÖwd‡bi wee„wZwU mwbœweó Ki‡j AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv| m¨vi j¨vcj Zvi wjwLZ ÔcvÄve Pxd&mÕ bvgK cy¯Í‡K cvÄv‡ei ivRbë‡M©i BwZnv‡m nhiZ Avng` Kvw`qvbx (Av.) Gi cwievi m¤^‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒmgªvU eve‡ii ivR‡Z¡i †kl eQi A_©vr 1530 wLªóv‡ã nv`x †eM bvgK R‰bK mgiK›èvmx gyNj ¯^‡`k cwiZ¨vM K‡i cvÄv‡e AvMgb K‡ib Ges ¸i`vmcyi †Rjvq emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb wKQz †jLvcov Rvb‡Zb Ges Kvw`qv‡bi PZzc©vk¦©¯’ cÖvq 70wU2 MÖv‡gi GK ÔKvhxÕ A_©vr g¨vwR‡óªU wbhy³ nb| Kw_Z Av‡Q, wZwb Kvw`qvb cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges Gi bvg Bmjvgcyi KvRx iv‡Lb, hv μgk: cwiewZ©Z n‡q Kvw`qvb bvg aviY K‡i|3 eû cyiæl

(1) ÔwKZveyj-evwiq¨v,Õ cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, nvwkqv, 134-46 c„:|(2) GwU wVK bq, 85wU MÖvg wQj| G m¤^‡Ü Av‡M ejv n‡q‡Q| (MÖš’Kvi)(3) ÒcvÄve PxdmÓ cy¯Í‡K GB ¯’v‡b UxKvq wjwLZ Av‡Q, ÒcvÄvex fvlvq Ôhv`Õ ( ) A¶‡ii

D”PviY AwaKvsk ¯’‡j Aviwe‡Z Ô`Õ n‡q c‡o| †hgb, Ô¸¤^R-¸¤^`Õ, ÔI¯ÍvR- I¯Ív`Õ|Ó


e¨vcx GB cwievi ev`kv‡ni Aax‡b m¤§vwbZ ivRKv‡h© AwawôZ wQj| wkL‡ì Afy¨Ìv‡bi mg‡q Zviv nxb`kvMÖ¯Í wQ‡jb| ¸j&& gynv¤§` I Zvi cyÎ AvZv gynv¤§` ivgMwoqv I KvbnvBqv wkL `j¸‡jvi mv‡_ AweiZ msMÖv‡g wjß _v‡Kb| Kvw`qv‡bi cvk¦©eZx© ¯’vb¸‡jv G‡ì Aax‡b wQj| AvZv gynv¤§` Zvi mg¯Í m¤úwËPz¨Z n‡q we‡Mvqv‡j m`©vi d‡Zn& wmsn AvnjyIqvwjqvi kiYv_©x n‡jb Ges Zvi i¶Yvax‡b wZwb evi eQi Kvj wbivc‡` emevm K‡ib| Zvi g„Zzï ci ivgMwoqv `‡ji iYwRr wmsn mg¯Í RvqMxi n¯ÍMZ K‡i Ges wZwb †Mvjvg gyZ©hv‡K Kvw`qv‡b wd‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡i Zvi c~e©-cyiæl‡ì RvqMx‡ii GK e„n`vsk Zvi nv‡Z mgc©Y K‡ib| AZ:ci, wZwb Zvi fvB‡ì mn gnvivRvi ˆmwbK wefv‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges Kvk¥xi mxgv‡šÍ I Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b †hvM¨Zvi cwiPq †`b| bI‡bnvj wmsn, †ki wmsn Ges jv‡nvi ìev‡ii Avg‡j †Mvjvg gyZ©hv me©`v iY‡¶‡Î KvR K‡i‡Qb| 1841 wLªóv‡ã †Rbv‡ij †f›Uzivi mv‡_ Zv‡K gwÐ I Kzjy cvVv‡bv nq| 1840 mv‡j GK `j c`vwZK ˆm‡bï AwabvqKiƒ‡c wZwb †ckvIqvi hvb| nvRvivi we‡`ªvn `g‡b wZwb we‡kl `¶Zvi cwiPq †`b| 1848 mv‡ji we‡`ªv‡n wZwb Zvi miKv‡ii mv‡_ wek¦¯ÍZv i¶v K‡ib Ges miKvi c‡¶ hy× K‡ib| Zvi fvB †Mvjvg gywnDÏxbI GB mg‡q DËg mvgwiK KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| hLb †Ìqvb g~j wms‡ni mvnvh¨v‡_© fvB gnvivR wmsn m‰m‡b¨ gyjZv‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nw”Q‡jb, ZLb †Mvjvg gywnDÏxb Ab¨vb¨ RvqMxi`vi j½i Lvu mwnIqvj Ges mv‡ne Lvu wZIqvbvmn gymjgvb Awaevmx‡ì‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib Ges wgmª mv‡ne `qv‡ji evwnbxi mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M we‡`ªvnx‡ì‡K AvμgY K‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c civwRZ K‡ib| †Pbve b`x e¨ZxZ Aci †Kvb w`‡K kμz‡ì cvjvevi iv¯Ív _vK‡jv bv| kÎæc‡¶i QqkÕi †ewk †jvK cvwb‡Z Wy‡e gi‡jv|

ÒhLb Bs‡iR AwaK…Z †`‡ki mv‡_ cvÄve‡KI ms‡hvwRZ Kiv n‡jv ZLb GB cwiev‡ii RvqMxiI ev‡Rqvß n‡jv| wKš‘ mvZk UvKvi GKwU †cbkb †Mvjvg gyZ©hv I Zvi fvB‡K †`qv n‡jv| Kvw`qvb I cvk¦©¯’ K‡qKwU MÖv‡g Zv‡ì gvwjKx ¯^Z¡ envj _vK‡jv| 1857 wLªóv‡ã miKvi‡K wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni mgq GB cwievi cÖf~Z mvnvh¨ K‡ib| wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv A‡bK †jvK‡K †mbvevwnbx‡Z fwZ© K‡i †`b| Zvi cyÎ †Mvjvg Kv‡ì ZLb †Rbv‡ij wbKjm‡bi evwnbx‡Z wQ‡jb, hLb D³ †mbvcwZ wkqvj‡KvU †_‡K cjvZK 46 bs †`kxq c`vwZK we‡`ªvnx evwnbx‡K wÎgyNv‡U aŸsm


K‡ib| †Rbv‡ij wbKjmb †Mvjvg Kv‡ì‡K GKwU mb` †`b| G‡Z †jLv Av‡Q †h, 1857 wLªóv‡ã Kvw`qv‡bi cwievi †Rjvi Ab¨vb¨ cwievi A‡c¶v AwaK wek¦¯ÍZv i¶v K‡i‡Q|1Ó

wbev©m‡bi msw¶ß BwZnvm :Dc‡i GKwU cvÙxKvq Avgiv e‡jwQ, wgh©v ¸j&gynv¤§` mv‡ne 1800 wLªóv‡ã ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Zvi g„Zzï ci wgh©v AvZv gynv¤§` mv‡n‡ei mg‡q wkLiv eÜzZ¡g~jK mv¶v‡Zi Q‡j wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i Kvw`qvb AwaKvi K‡i2 Ges wgh©v AvZv gynv¤§` mv‡ne cwievi cwiRbmn Kcyi_jv iv‡Rï we‡Mvqvj bvgK ¯’v‡b Avkªq MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| GUv 1802 ev 1803 wLªóv‡ãi NUbv| ivRv d‡Zn& wmsn ZLb Kcyi_jvi ivRv| wZwb wgh©v AvZv gynv¤§` mv‡ne‡K mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i cÖk¯Í AšÍ:Ki‡Yi cwiPq †`b| RxweKv wbev©‡ni Rb¨ Zv‡K `ywU MÖvg †`qvi AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡j wgh©v mv‡ne Zv‡K GB e‡j cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡jb †h wZwb GB MÖvg¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡j Zvi mšÍvb‡ì g‡bvej n«vm cv‡e Ges cvwievwiK ¯§„wZ i¶vi wPšÍv Zv‡ì gb †_‡K †jvc †c‡Z _vK‡e|

wgh©v AvZv †gvnv¤§` mv‡ne wbe©vwmZ Ae¯’vq μgvMZ GMv‡iv eQi e¨vcx eû Kó‡fv‡Mi ci AvbygvwbK 1814 wLªóv‡ã Kcyi_jv‡ZB g„ZëiY K‡ib|3 Zvi cyÎ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡ne iv‡Zi †ejvq Zvi Rvbvhv Kvw`qv‡b wb‡q Av‡mb Ges wkL‡ì evav `vb m‡Z¡I AZ¨šÍ mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ cvwievwiK Kei¯’v‡b Zv‡K mgvwa¯’ K‡ib| Zvi g„Zzï ci evwn¨Kfv‡e cwieviwU m¤ú~Y© wbiæcvq n‡q co‡jv| Aí we¯Íi 20 eQi ch©šÍ Gfv‡e KvU‡jv wKš‘ G¶‡Y nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn cvK (Av.) Gi Rb¥MÖn‡Yi mgq wbKUeZ©x nw”Qj| †Lv`v ZvAvjv A`„k¨ nvZ w`‡q Zv‡ì Kvw`qvb cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡jb| 1834 ev 1835 wLªóv‡ã gnvivRv iYwRr wmsn Zvi wcZv nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡ne‡K Kvw`qvb wiqvm‡Zi cvuPwU MÖvg cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| wkL Avgj ch©šÍ A_©vr μgvMZ †PŠÏ eQi GB MÖvg¸‡jv Zvi KZ…©Z¡vax‡b _vK‡jv| wKš‘ 1849 wLªóv‡ãi 27†k gvP©, cvÄve cÖ‡`k Bs‡iR kvmbvax‡b Avm‡j †Kvb †Kvb we‡`ªvnx m`©v‡ii RvqMxi¸‡jv

(1) ÔcvÄve PxdmÕ, 2q LÐ, 67-68 c„:|(2) GB e¨vcv‡i †Kvb †Kvb ¯’vbxq gymjgvbI wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡iwQj|(3) ÔKvw`qvb| 78 c„:|


m‡gZ Kvw`qv‡bi RvqMxiI †K‡o †bqv n‡jv| e`vb¨Zv ¯îƒc mvZkÕ UvKvi GKwU gvgyjx †cbkb gvÎ cwieviwUi Rb¨ avh© Kiv n‡jv| cvÄv‡e Bs‡iR kvmb mycÖwZwôZ n‡j, wZwb Zvi `xN©Kvjxb bxwZ Abyhvqx GB bZzb MfY©‡g›U‡K c~Y© mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi Rxebx Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Avgiv ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b Zvui wcZvi Rxe‡bi cÖvmw½K wKQz Ask wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡evÕ ÒBbkvAvjøvn&Ó|

nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡n‡ei weevn nhiZ Avng` Kvw`qvbx AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjv‡gi kª‡×q wcZv nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡n‡ei weevn ûwkqvicyi †Rjvi BgvgM‡Yi GKwU m¤§vwbZ gyNj cwiev‡i n‡qwQj| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi kª‡×qv gvZvi bvg wQj †PivM wewe| cwi‡Zvl `„wó, AvwZ‡_qZv Ges `wi`ª cvjb Zvi Pwi‡Îi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wQj| wZwb Mwie wgmwKb‡K we‡kl hZœmnKv‡i Avnvi Kiv‡Zb Ges AfveMÖ¯Í e¨w³M‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbvwì cÖwZ we‡kl j¶¨ ivL‡Zb| †Kvb `wi`ª e¨w³i g„Zy¨ n‡j Zr¶Yvr Zvi Rb¨ Kvdb ˆZwi K‡i Zvi N‡i †cÖiY Kiv Zvi wPiKvjxb Af¨vm wQj|

nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡n‡ei mšÍvb nhiZ †PivM wewe mv‡nevi M‡f© nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡n‡ei cvuPwU mšÍvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|

(1) gyiv` weweÑûwkqvicy‡ii wgh©v gynv¤§` †e‡Mi mv‡_ Zvi we‡q nq| GB gwnjv mZ¨ ¯^cœ I Kvkd `k©b Ki‡Zb|

(2) wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡neÑBwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi (Av.) eo fvB wQ‡jb| Bs‡iR miKv‡ii Aax‡b wZwb wKQz m¤§vbRbK ivRKv‡h© AwawôZ wQ‡jb| Gici wbR †Rjv A_©vr ¸i`vmcy‡ii †Rjv `ß‡ii mycvwi‡›Ub‡W›U c‡Ì mgvmxb _v‡Kb| cÖm½μ‡g GB cy¯Í‡Ki bvbv ¯’v‡b Avgiv Zvi m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

(3) Zvi Av‡iv GKwU cyÎ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ wKQzKvj c‡iB Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|

(4) RvbœvZ weweÑGB Kb¨v nhiZ AvK`v‡mi (Av.) m‡½ hgR Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib R‡b¥i K‡qKw`b ci Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|

(5) nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` mv‡ne Kvw`qvbx gmxn gvID` I gvn`x gvmE` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg, hvui mv‡_ GLb we‡k¦i fvM¨ RwoZ|


wgh©v BgvgywÏb

nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g`Bgvg gvn&`x I gmxn& gvID` (Av.)Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvÕZ-Gi cÖwZôvZv

wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡`i

wgh©v †bhvgywÏb wgh©v KvgvjyÏxbwgh©v †Mvjvgûmv‡qb

(wZwb wbiæ‡Ïk nb)

wgh©v †MvjvgnvB`i

wgh©v †MvjvggywnDwÏb

wgh©v †MvjvgAvng`

wgh©v †Mvjvggy¯Ívdv

wgh©v †MvjvggyZ©hv

wgh©v nv`x †eM(Bwb 1530 wLªóv‡ã mgiK›` n‡Z Kvw`qvb AvMgb K‡ib)

`xb gynv¤§` gynv¤§` MDm gynv¤§` myjZvb

Ave`yj evKx

Mvhx †eM Rvdi †eM Av‡e` †eM

Avhxh `xb Avjvn& `xb evnvDÏxb

dqhyjøvn gynv¤§` dv‡hj gynv¤§` †`jvIi

kv`x †eM gxi gynv¤§` gynv¤§` Kv‡qg

`xb gynv¤§` gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb wgh©v d‡qh gynv¤§`

gynv¤§` mv‡`K gynv¤§` Avmjvg

Ae`ybœex inxg †eM gynv¤§` †eM Avdhj †eM Pvu` †eM

wgh©v Kv‡mg †eM wgh©v AvZv gynv¤§` wgh©v †Mvjvg gywnDÏxb

wgh©v ¸j&&& gynv¤§`


nhiZ AvK`v‡mi esk ZvwjKv :

we‡kl `ªóe¨ :(1) nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) gynv¤§` myjZv‡bi eskai wQ‡jb e‡j GLv‡b

ïaygvÎ ZviB eskai‡ì msw¶ß ZvwjKv mwbœweó n‡q‡Q| we¯ÍvwiZ weei‡Yi Rb¨ ÔwmivZzj-gvn`xÕ, mv‡neRv`v nhiZ wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡ne (gvÏv-whjøyûj Avjx) cÖYxZ, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, 116 c„: †`Lyb|

(2) wgh©v d‡qh gynv¤§` mv‡n‡ei cieZx© Ae¯’v we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Rvbv hvq| GRb¨ Zvi cieZx© esk ZvwjKvI †`qv nj|

nhiZ AvK`vm wghv© †Mvjvg Avng&` (Av.) Gi Rb¥ :wkL Avg‡j nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rb¥ nq| ZLb R‡b¥i w`K, ¶Y, Zvwi‡Li †Kvb mwVK KvMRcÎ ivLv n‡Zv bv| Zv‡ì cwieviI ZLb D‡ØMgq Ae¯’vq wQj| GKvi‡Y mbìƒ‡c M„nxZ n‡Z cv‡i Giƒc †Kvb `wjj cvIqv hvq bv, hvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Rb¥ ZvwiL mwVKiƒ‡c wbiƒcY Kiv hvq| Aek¨, B`vwbs nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡ne Gg, G, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Kvb †Kvb †jLv Ges wKse`šÍx Abyhvqx wba©viY K‡ib †h, nhiZ AvK`vm 13B †deªæqvwi 1835 wLªóvã †gvZv‡eK 14B kvIqvj 1250 wnRix ïμevi dR‡ii bvgv‡hi mgq f~wgó nb| GK_v we‡kl iƒ‡c D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †h, Zuvi (Av.) R‡b¥i m‡½ m‡½B Zuvi (Av.) cwiev‡ii wbe©vmb Ae¯’v I A_©-Kó `~ixf~Z nq|

Avgiv e‡jwQ ûhyi hgR Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb f~wgó nIqvi Av‡M †h Kb¨v mšÍvbwU Rb¥MÖnY K‡i, K‡qKw`b c‡iB Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| GB NUbvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i wZwb KL‡bv KL‡bv ej‡Zb, ÒAvgvi g‡b nq, GB cÖKv‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi ga¨ †_‡K bvixmyjf ¯^fve m¤úyY©iƒ‡c `~ixf~Z K‡ib|Ó Zvui hgR Rb¥MÖnY Kivi g‡a¨ Av‡iv GKwU welq wbwnZ wQj| G‡Z †mB fwel¨ØvYx c~Y© n‡jv, hv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Bmjvgx cy¯Í‡K wjwLZ wQj, A_©vr, cÖwZkÖæZ gvn`x hgR Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡eb|1

(1) Ôdmymyj&-‡nKvgÕ, nhiZ gywnDÏxb Be‡b Aviwe cÖYxZ, 1308 wnRix mv‡j gyw`ªZ †gŠjvbv Avj&-dv‡hj gynv¤§` gyeviK Avjxi Abyev` 36 c„:|


nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rb¥MÖn‡Yi K‡qK eQi Av‡M †Zi kZvãxi gyRv‡Ï` nhiZ ˆmq` Avng` †e‡ijex (ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n) Ges nhiZ BmgvCj knx` mv‡ne nvRviv †Rjvi AšÍe©Z©x evjv‡KvU bvgK ¯’v‡b knx` n‡qwQ‡jb Ges Bs‡iR kvmb kw³i Aax‡b wLªóvb ag© eb¨vi b¨vq cvÄve e¨ZxZ fviZe‡l©i Aewkó mgMÖ Ask‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z P‡jwQj| Gi c‡iB cvÄv‡ei cvjv wQj| wLªóvbiv me©cÖ_‡g, wVK 1835 wLªóv‡ã, A_©vr nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi Rb¥ eQ‡i jywaqvbvq Zv‡ì cÖ_g cÖPvi wgkb Kv‡qg K‡i| myZivs Zv †Kgb Hkx n¯Í‡¶c wQj †h, GKw`‡K μzkxq ag© cÖPv‡ii eë¯’v nIqvi m‡½B Aci w`‡K †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB wdrbvi A¼yi webv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨ μzk-f½Kvix‡K wbKUeZ©x GK †Rjvq Avwef©~Z Ki‡jb| AZ:ci, GB μzk f½Kvix hLb `x¶v MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ Avw`ó n‡jb, ZLb wZwb me©cª_g eqAvZ wbevi ¯’vb wnmv‡e jywaqvbv‡KB g‡bvbxZ Ki‡jb|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi ˆkke :GKwU dviwm cÖev` Av‡Q, Ò†nvbnvi `vivLZ †K wPK&‡b wPK&‡b cvZ|Ó wVK GB cÖev` evK¨ Abyhvqx nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbx (Av.) Gi ˆkkeI AwZkq cweÎ Ges D¾¡j wQj| Ab¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì mv‡_ Ab_©K †Ljvayjv ev `yóvwg‡Z †hvM`vb Kiv Zvui Af¨vm wQj bv|1 bexM‡Yi wPišÍb ixwZ Abyhvqx GKevi Zvui QvMj Pivevi my‡hvM N‡U wQj| Zv Giƒ‡c N‡UÑGKevi wZwb MÖv‡gi evB‡i GK K‚‡ci Dci e‡mwQ‡jb| evwo †_‡K Zvui †Kvb wRwbm Avbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv| GK e¨w³ cv‡kB QvMj Pivw”Qj| wZwb Zv‡K ej‡jb, ÒZzwg Avgv‡K evwo †_‡K AgyK wRwbm G‡b `vI|Ó †mB e¨w³ ejj, Avgvi QvMj¸‡jv †`L‡e †K|Ó wZwb ej‡jb, ÒZzwg hvI, Avwg G¸‡jv †`L‡ev|Ó Z`byhvqx wZwb Zvi QvMj¸‡jv Piv‡Z jvM‡jb GB cÖKv‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjv GK wnmv‡e bex‡ì bxwZ (mybœZ) Zvui Øviv cvjb Kiv‡jb|2

Zvi Rxeb PwiZ †jLK, †mj‡mjvi mycÖwm× HwZnvwmK nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avjx Bidvbx mv‡ne (ivwh Avjøvû Avbû) Zuvi ˆkk‡ei GKwU AZ¨vðh© RbK NUbv wj‡L†Qb| GKev‡i †QvU‡ejv‡ZB GKRb mgeq¯‹v †g‡q‡K (c‡i hvi mv‡_ Zvui we‡q nq) wZwb ej‡Zb, Ò†`vqv Ki †hb †Lv`v Avgv‡K

(1) ÔAvj&-nvKvg; 14B Ryb, 1932 wLªóvã 10g c„:|(2) ÔwmivZzj gvn`xÕ, 1g LÐ, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 250 c„:|


bvgvh covi †mŠfvM¨ †`b|Ó1

Zvui cweÎ ¯^fve, mvay PwiÎ I Af¨v‡mi Rb¨B †h †KD Zv‡K AšÍP©¶z w`‡q †`‡L‡Qb †m-B Zvui f³ n‡q‡Qb| †ejywP¯Ívb wbevmx wgTv gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne bvgK GKRb Avng`x wk¶K e‡jb, ÒAvgv‡K †gŠjex eyinvbyÏxb mv‡ne (ivwh Avjøvû Avbû) e‡j‡Qb †h, GKevi nhiZ gwmn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg, wKjøv wgTvwms‡ni †gŠjex †Mvjvg imyj mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb ûhyi †Kej evjKgvÎ| IB gRwj‡m †Kvb welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nw”Qj| K_v cÖm‡½ †gŠjex †Mvjvg imyj mv‡ne ej‡jb, G Rvgvbvq †Kvb bex nIqvi _vK‡j, GB †Q‡j beyq‡Zi †hvM¨| †gŠjex †Mvjvg imyj mv‡ne GKRb Awj I †KivgZm¤úbœ e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjv‡gi †`‡n †mœn- f‡i nvZ eyjv‡Z eyjv‡Z GB K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| †gŠjex eyinvbyÏxb mv‡ne (i.) e‡jb †h, wZwb wb‡R IB gRwj‡m Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|Ó2

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wk¶v :Bs‡iR kvm‡bi Av‡M cvÄv‡e wkL-ivRZ¡ wQj| wk¶vi cÖwZ wkL-MfY©‡g‡›Ui Av‡`Š †Kvb `„wó wQj bv| †`‡ki m¤£všÍ e¨w³iv Avcb Avcb N‡iB wk¶K‡ì‡K M„n-wk¶Kiƒ‡c ivL‡Zb| Bs‡iR Avg‡ji cÖv_wgK hy‡MI wk¶vi e¨vcv‡i AíÑwe¯Íi GB eë¯’vB cÖPwjZ wQj| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi wk¶vi RbÏ Ggb eë¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj| nhiZ wb‡RB Zvui cÖv_wgK wk¶vi welq eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ ûhy‡ii fvlv‡ZB Gi D‡jøL mgxPxb g‡b Kwi| ûhyi e‡jb : ÒAvgvi eqm hLb 6/7 eQi, ZLb GKRb dviwm fvlvwe`& Avgvi Rb¨ Dchy³ †eZ‡b wk¶K wbhy³ Kiv nq| wZwb KziAvb kixd Ges wKQz dviwm †KZve Avgv‡K cwo‡qwQ‡jb| GB eyRy‡M©i bvg wQj dh‡j Bjvnx| Avgvi eqm AvbygvwbK `k eQ‡ii mgq GKRb Aviwe fvlvwe` †gŠjex mv‡ne Avgvi wk¶vi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ nb| Zvi bvg wQj dhj Avng`| Avgvi g‡b nq Avgvi wk¶v †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Ôdh‡jiÕ Zvi we‡kl K…cvi GKUv cÖv_wgK exR _vKvi d‡j †mB wk¶K‡ì bv‡gi cÖ_g kãI dhjB wQj| Dc‡iv³ †gŠjex mv‡ne GKRb `xb`vi I eyRyM© e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb AZ¨šÍ g‡bv‡hvM I cwikª‡gi mv‡_ Avgv‡K

(1) ÔnvqvZzbbexÕ 1g LÛ, 2q msL¨v, 158 c„:|(2) ÔivIqvBqv‡Z mvnvevÕ, (AcÖKvwkZ) LÛ 12,104-105 c„:|


cov‡Zb| Avwg Aviwe-e¨vKi‡Yi Qvi‡di †Kvb †Kvb †KZve Ges bn‡ei †Kvb †Kvb wbqgvejx Zvi Kv‡Q cvV Kwi| c‡i Avgvi eqm hLb 17/18 eQi n‡jv, ZLb AviI GKRb †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q K‡qK eQi wk¶v jv‡fi my‡hvM N‡UwQj| Zvi bvg wQj ¸j& Avjx kvn&| Zv‡KI Iqv‡j` mv‡ne †eZbfy³ K‡i Avgv‡K Kvw`qv‡b covevi Rb¨ wb‡qvM K‡ib| GB †k‡lv³ †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q Avwg bne, hyw³ weÁvb Ges `k©b kv¯¿ cÖf„wZ cÖPwjZ ÁvbweÁvb, hZLvwb †Lv`v ZvAvjv PvB‡jb AR©b Kijvg| wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿i †Kvb †Kvb wKZve Avwg Iqv‡j` mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q cvV Kwi| wPwKrmv we`¨vi w`K †_‡K wZwb GKRb mywbcyY wPwKrmK wQ‡jb|Ó1

GB wee„wZ‡Z †h wZbRb wk¶‡Ki K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g wk¶K A_©vr †gŠjex dhj Bjvnx mv‡ne Kvw`qv‡bi evwm›`v Ges nvbvdx wQ‡jb| wØZxq wk¶K, A_©vr †gŠjex dhj Avn&g` mv‡ne ¸RivbIqvjv †Rjvi AšÍM©Z wd‡ivhIqvjvi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| wZwb Avn‡j nvw`m m¤cÖ`vqfy³ wQ‡jb| Z…Zxq wk¶K †gŠjex ¸j&& Avjx kvn& evUvjvevmx Ges wkqv m¤cÖ`v‡qi wQ‡jb|2 †gvU K_v †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zvi wk¶vi Rb¨ Ggb me wk¶K wb‡qvwRZ K‡i wQ‡jb, hvuiv gymjgvbMY‡ì cÖwm× m¤cÖ`vq¸‡jvi AšÍfy©³ wQ‡jb| Ggb Kivi KviY GB †h Zvui Dci A`~i fwel¨‡Z gymjgvb‡ì ms¯‹v‡ii mygnvb Kvh©fvi b¨¯Í nIqvi wQj| GB eë¯’vi d‡j, wZwb Gme wk¶K‡ì Kv‡Q †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨K m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag© wek¦vm I wμqv-Kg©, AvKv‡q` I Avgj m¤^‡Ü †ek wKQzUv Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|

cÖPwjZ †Ljvq Ask MÖnY :Avgiv †h mg‡qi K_v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ, †m mg‡q mvaviYZ Kzw¯Í, KvevwW, gy¸i fvuRv Ges fvi gy¸i D‡Ëvj‡bi e¨vqvg I †Ljv cÖPwjZ wQj| Kg©nxb †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ cvwL aiv, cvwL cvjb Ges †gviM jovB-Gi mvaviY cÖPjb wQj| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) †k‡lv³ hveZxq Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv`¸‡jv ¯^fveZ cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| Z_vwc wbw`©ó mxgvbvi g‡a¨ †_‡K wZwb wbqwgZ kixi PP©v Ges μxov-†KŠZz‡K Ask MÖnY Ki‡Zb| evj¨Kv‡j wZwb mvuZvi KvUv wk‡Lb| KLbI KLbI Kvw`qv‡bi cyKzi¸‡jv‡Z wZwb mvuZvi KvU‡Zb

(1) ÔwKZveyj&-evwiqv,Õ 140-50 c„:|(2) ÔnvqvvZzb&-bex,Õ 1g †Rj&d, 51 c„:|


Ges cÖ_g Rxe‡b †Nvovq PovI wk‡LwQ‡jb| G‡Z wZwb we‡kl cvi`wk©Zv jvf K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvui we‡kl e¨vqvg wQj cv‡q nuvUv Pjv| †kl eqm ch©šÍ wZwb Zv Kv‡qg ‡i‡L wQ‡jb| ågYv‡_© A‡bK `~i `~iv‡šÍ †nu‡U †h‡Zb Ges AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ nuvU‡Zb|1

cÖ_g we‡q :c‡bi †lvj eQi eq‡m Zvui cig fw³fvRb wcZv Zvui we‡q Zvui Avcb gvgv wgh©v RwgqZ †eM giû‡gi †g‡q ûigZ wewei mv‡_ m¤úv`b K‡ib| GUv Zvui cÖ_g we‡q| GB we‡qi d‡j Zvui `yB cyÎÑwgh©v myjZvb Avng` mv‡ne Ges wgh©v dhj Avng` mv‡ne h_vμ‡g m¤¢eZ 1853 wLªóv‡ã Ges 1855 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wgh©v dhj Avng` mv‡ne eûKvj c‡i wbtmšÍvb Ae¯’vq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| wKš‘ nhiZ wgh©v myjZvb Avng` mv‡ne Bs‡iR miKv‡ii Aax‡b wewfbœ ivRKv‡h© AwawôZ †_‡K †WcywU Kwgkb‡ii c‡` DbœxZ nb Ges Ae‡k‡l evnvIqvjcyi iv‡R¨i A_©gš¿xiƒ‡c Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| †cbkb cÖvwßi AíKvj ci wZwb Zvui †QvU fvB nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` LwjdvZzj gwmn mvbx AvBqv`vûjøvû ZvAvjvi nv‡Z eqAvZ K‡i Avng`xqv †mj‡mjvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb ïay GKRb my‡hvM¨ ivRKg©PvixB wQ‡jb bv, c¶všÍ‡i wZwb GKRb cÖwm× †jLK Ges eû MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv wQ‡jb| Zvui cÖYxZ cÖvq 50wU cy¯ÍK gyw`ªZ n‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GK_v we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †h, Zvui †Rô cyÎ nhiZ wgh©v Avhxh Avng` mv‡ne Gg G evj¨Kv‡jB wcZvgn nhiZ gmx‡n gvID` AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjv‡gi nv‡Z eqAvZ K‡ib| wZwb GwWGg c`& †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡i †cbkb †c‡q‡Qb| GLb wZwb wmjwmjvi †K‡›`ª bv‡h‡i Avjvi c‡` wbhy³ Av‡Qb| †Lv`v Zvi Avqy‡Z eiKZ w`b| Zvi mgMÖ Rxeb AZ¨šÍ AvšÍwiKZv Ges ag© civqYZvi mv‡_ KvwU‡q hv‡”Qb| PvKwi Rxe‡b mZZv, b¨vq, wbôv, KZ©e¨civqYZv, Ges mywePv‡ii AZz¨”P Av`k© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wbR©bwcÖqZv :†`‡ki mvaviY wbq‡gi wecix‡Z we‡qi c‡iI nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wbR©b wcÖqZvq wZjgvÎ cÖ‡f` N‡Uwb| Kvw`qv‡bi wbKUeZx© GKRb wn›`y RvU ej‡Zb †h, nhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne †_‡K wZwb 20 eQ‡ii eo wQ‡jb| eo wgh©v

(1) Ôwmjwmjv Avng`xqv,Õ nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡ne cÖYxZ, 10 c„:|


mv‡n‡ei1 Kv‡Q cÖvqB Zvi Avmv-hvIqv wQj| Zvi mvg‡b eûevi Giƒc N‡U‡Q †h †Kvb D”P ivRKg©Pvix ev iBm Òeo wgh©v mv‡n‡eiÓ mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi Rb¨ AvMgb Ki‡j K_v cÖm‡½ Zviv wRÁvmv K‡ib Òwgh©v mv‡ne, Avcbvi eo †Q‡ji (A_©vr wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡n‡ei) m‡½‡Zv mv¶vr nq wKš‘ Avcbvi †QvU †Q‡ji m‡½ KLbI nq bv|Ó ZLb wZwb DËi w`‡Zb, Ònvu, Avgvi wØZxq cyÎ †Mvjvg Kv‡`‡ii †QvU| wKš‘ †m wbR©‡bB _v‡K|Ó Zvici, wZwb KvD‡K cvwV‡q Ôwgh©v mv‡ne‡KÕ †W‡K Avb‡Zb| wZwb AvbZ bq‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb Ges wcZvi cv‡k mvgvb¨ eëav‡b em‡Zb| AwaKvsk mgq gy‡Li Dci evg nvZ ivLv Zvui Af¨vm wQj| wZwb †Kvb K_v ej‡Zb bv| Kv‡iv cÖwZ ZvKv‡Zb bv| Òeo wgh©vÓ mv‡ne ej‡Zb, ÒGLb †Zv GB beea~‡K †`L‡jb|Ó Av‡iv ej‡Zb, ÒAvgvi GB †Q‡j ÔgymxZviÕ|2 †m PvKwiI K‡i bv, †Kvb Dcvq-DcvR©bI K‡i bv|Ó Zvici, wZwb †n‡m ej‡Zb, ÒPj, †Zvgv‡K †Kvb gmwR‡` Bgvg K‡i †`B| G‡Z AšÍZ `k gY km¨ Lvevi Rb¨ N‡i Avm‡e|Ó GB DcvL¨vb ejvi ci †mB RvU ej‡Zb, ÒAvR wZwb RxweZ _vK‡j †`L‡Z †c‡Zb †h, Bwb †Kgb kvnvbkvn& iƒ‡c wbRM„‡n mgvmxb Ges KZ kZ kZ †jvK `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K Zvui ìRvq †Mvjvgxi Rb¨ Av‡m|Ó3

AZ¨waK covïbv :cvV wnmv‡e, mev©‡c¶v AwaK wZwb KziAvb gRx` †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡Zb| Ggb wK, †Kvb †Kvb `k©K e‡jb, ÒAvgiv Zvu‡K m`v KziAvb Kixg cv‡V iZ †`‡LwQ|Ó

Zvi †R¨ô cyÎ nhiZ wgh©v myjZvb Avng` mv‡ne eY©bv K‡ib †h, ÒnhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q GKwU KziAvb gRx` wQj| wZwb GwU cvV Ki‡Zb Ges wPwýZ Ki‡Z _vK‡Zb|Ó wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÒAvwg †Kvb cÖKvi AwZk‡qvw³ bv K‡iB ej‡Z cvwi †h, m¤¢eZ: `k nvRvi evi wZwb Zv cvV K‡iwQ‡jb|Ó4 wKZve cv‡V wZwb Giƒc wbgMœ _vK‡Zb †h, ZLb Zvui evn¨Ávb wejyß n‡q †hZ|

(1) nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡ne|(2) Bnv GKwU cvÄvex fvlvi kã| Gi Øviv Giƒc e¨w³‡K eySvq, whwb Zvi AwaKvsk mgq gmwR‡` bvgvh Ges KziAvb kixd cv‡V AwZevwnZ K‡ib|(3) ÒZvh‡KivZzj-gvn`x,Ó wØZxq LÐ, 30 c„:|(4) ÔnvqvZzb-bex,Õ 1g LÛ, 108 c„:|


GcÖm‡½ nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) ¯^qs ej‡Qb :ÒH mg‡q wKZve †`Lvi cÖwZ Avgvi Giƒc †SvuK wQj, †hb Avwg G RM‡Z _vKZvg bv| cv‡Q ¯^v¯’¨nvwb nq GB f‡q Avgvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne Avgv‡K AZ¨šÍ mnvbyf~wZi mv‡_ evi evi GB Dc‡`kB w`‡Zb †h, cy¯ÍK cvV Kgv‡bv DwPZ|1

gvgjv-‡gvKvÏgv Z`&weinhiZ AvK`v‡mi cig fw³fvRb wcZv nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡ne †`L‡jb †h wZwb ag©MÖš’mg~n cvV Ges bvgvh, †ivhv cÖf„wZ Hkx wb‡`©kvejx cvj‡b wbgMœ _v‡Kb, wKš‘ mvsmvwiK e¨vcv‡i GKRb Rwg`vi wnmv‡e Zvui Kv‡Q †h mKj KvR-Kg© AvmZ, wZwb IB me wel‡q m¤ú~Y© D`vmxb _vK‡Zb| GRb¨ Zvui wPšÍv n‡Zv Zvi AeZ©gv‡b GB cyÎ AMÖ‡Ri MjMÖn bv n‡q c‡ob|2 myZivs, †gvKvÏgvwì Z`&we‡ii Rb¨ wZwb Zvu‡K Av‡`k w`‡Zb| wZwb wcZvi Av‡`k cvj‡bi B”Qvq IB me †gvKvÏgv cwiPvjbv Kv‡R eªZx n‡Zb mZ¨, wKš‘ ¯^fveZ: wZwb GB KvR AcQ›` Ki‡Zb| wZwb wb‡RB wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒAvgvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne wcZ…-wcZvgn‡ì MÖvgmg~n cybiæ×v‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ Bs‡iR Av`vj‡Z †gvKvÏgv cwiPvjbv Ki‡jb| wZwb Zvi †mevq Avgv‡KI wb‡qvwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb| GK my`xN© mgq Avwg me Kv‡R e¨vc„Z wQjvg| Avgvi `ytL nq, Avgvi eû mgq GB mg¯Í wbi_©K weev‡` bó nj| GKB m‡½ Iqv‡j` mv‡ne Rwg`vixi welqvwì ZË¡veav‡bi wbwg‡Ë Avgv‡K wbhy³ Ki‡jb| Avwg Giƒc iæwP I ¯^fvem¤úbœ e¨w³ wQjvg bv| GRb¨ cÖvqB Iqv‡j` mv‡ne Amš‘ó n‡Zb| Avgvi cÖwZ Zvi mnvbyf~wZ I `qv AZ¨šÍ †ewk wQj| wKš‘ wZwb PvB‡Zb †h, mvaviY gvby‡li b¨vq AvwgI Ni-msmv‡ii cÖwZ AvK…ó nB| wKš‘ Avgvi gb G welq m¤ú~Y© wegyL wQj| GKevi GKRb Kwgkbvi Kvw`qvb Avm‡Z PvB‡jb| Avgvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne K‡qKevi Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Zvui Af¨_©bv‡_© `yB wZb †μvk GwM‡q wM‡q Zv‡K wb‡q Avmv DwPZ| wKš‘ GKvR Ki‡Z Avgvi g‡b AZ¨šÍ N„Yv Rb¥vj Ges Avwg Amy¯’I wQjvg ZvB Avwg †h‡Z cvwiwb| myZivs, GB welqwUI

(1) ÔwKZveyj-evwiq¨v,Õ wØZxq ms¯‹iY, cv`wUKv 150 c„:|(2) nhiZ LwjdvZzj gwmn mvbx AvB‡q¨`vûjøvû-ZvAvjv †ebvmwiwnj Avhxh KZ…©K wee„wZ, ÔAvj-nvKvg,Õ Ôwmiv‡Z gvwmn gvID` msL¨v,Õ 5c„: †g- Ryb 1943 hy³ msL¨v|


Zvi Amš‘wói KviY nj| wZwb Pvw”Q‡jb Avwg mvsmvwiK KvRK‡g© cÖwZ gyn~Z© wjß _vwK| Avgvi Øviv Zv nw”Qj bv| Z_vwc Avwg g‡b Kwi †h, Avwg m`y‡Ï‡k¨ c„w_exi Rb¨ bq, ïay wcZvi AvÁvbyewZ©Zvq cyY¨vR©‡Yi wbwg‡Ë Avwg Iqv‡j` mv‡n‡ei †mevq m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡iwQjvg Ges Zvui Rb¨ †`vqvq gk¸j _vKZvg| wZwb AvšÍwiK wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Avgv‡K gvZ…-wcZ…-f³ e‡j Rvb‡Zb| eû mgq ej‡Zb, ÔAvwg ïay `qvciek n‡q Avgvi GB †Q‡j‡K mvsmvwiK welq K‡g©i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx Ki‡Z PvB| bv nq, Avwg Rvwb †hw`‡K Zvi gb c‡o Av‡Q, A_©vr a‡g©i w`‡K- cÖK…Z I mZ¨ welq ZvB| Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxeb Ah_v bó KiwQ|Ó1

ag© BwZnvm cv‡V ¯úóZ: Rvbv hvq †h, Avjøvn& ZvAvjv hvu‡ì Dci gvbe RvwZi ms¯‹v‡ii `vwqZ¡ Ac©‡Yi AwfcÖvq K‡ib, cÖZ¨vw`ó Kivi Av‡M Zvu‡ì‡K Ggb me Ae¯’vi ga¨ w`‡q cwiPvwjZ K‡ib, hvi AwfÁZv wek¦-ms¯‹v‡ii Kv‡R bvbv cÖKvi mvnvh¨ K‡i| `„óvšÍ ¯îƒc, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Ae¯’vi cÖwZB `„wócvZ Kiæb| Zvui mg‡q b¨vq wePvi jv‡fi Rb¨ Bs‡iR Av`vjZ¸‡jv cÖwZwôZ nq| GB me wePvivj‡q Dfq c‡¶i DwK‡jiv mvaviYZ: mZëvw`Zv, mZZv I mvayZv‡K RjvÄwj w`‡q †gvKvÏgv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| wZwb Gi wecixZ, †gvKvÏgv cwiPvjbvq Ggb AZzjbxq Av`k© ¯’vcb K‡ib †h †KD ej‡Z cvi‡Zv bv wZwb †Kvb †gvKvÏgvq we›`ygvÎ m‡Zï Acjvc K‡i‡Qb| cieZx© c„ôv¸‡jv †_‡K GUv my¯úó n‡e †h, wZwb Ge¨vcv‡i GK cÖKvi AZzjbxq Av`k© ¯’vcb K‡i †M‡Qb| Zuvi AwZ eo kÎæI GUv A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †h, wZwb G †¶‡Î AwZ gnvb Av`k© †i‡L †M‡Qb|

AvcvZZ: GB e¨vcv‡i Zvui ÔgvgywiqZÕ ev cÖZ¨vw`ó nIqvi c~‡e©Kvi K‡qKwU NUbv D`vniY wnmv‡e Dcw¯’Z KiwQ|

(GK) GK †gvKvÏgvi Z`&we‡ii Rb¨ Zuv‡K jv‡nvi †h‡Z n‡qwQj| jv‡nv‡i wZwb ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avjx kvn& mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib| kvn& mv‡ne Kvw`qv‡bi GKRb m¤£všÍ iBm wQ‡jb| eb wefv‡M PvKwi ekZ: jv‡nv‡i evm Ki‡Zb| Pxd †Kv‡U© †gvKvÏgv wQj| kvn& mv‡n‡ei Kg©Pvix nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rb¨ Lvevi †cŠQv‡Zb| GKw`b †jvKwU Lvevi †diZ wb‡q Avm‡jv| kvn mv‡ne wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Òwgh©v mv‡ne wK Lvevi Lvbwb?Ó

(1) ÔwKZveyj&-evwiq¨vÕ, wUKv, 150-52 c„:


†jvKwU cÖZz¨Ëi Kij, ÒwZwb e‡j‡Qb, c‡i wM‡q Lvevi Lv‡eb|Ó Aí¶Y c‡iB wZwb AZ¨šÍ cÖdzjøgy‡L kvn& mv‡n‡ei evwo †cuŠQ‡jb| kvn mv‡ne wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, ÒAvcwb AvR GZ cÖdzjø †Kb? wK dqmvjv n‡q‡Q?Ó wZwb ej‡jb, Ò†gvKÏgv LvwiR n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi †kvKi †h, fwel¨‡Z Zv Avi Pj‡e bv|Ó1 G msev‡` kvn& mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ `ytwLZ n‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb GKUzI wePwjZ n‡jb bv| †Kvb msmvix †jvK n‡j, D”P Av`vj‡Z †gvKvÏgvq civRq nIqv‡Z Zvi `ytL I g‡bvK‡ói AšÍ _vKZ bv| wKš‘ wZwb Avb›` Dc‡fvM Ki‡jb| Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi K…ZÁZv Ávcb Ki‡jb| †gvKvÏgv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †c‡q †Lv`v ZvAvjvi cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡e‡ki my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q|

(`yB) nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb :ÒAvwg evUvjvq GKwU †gvKvÏgvi Z`&we‡ii Rb¨ wM‡qwQjvg| bvgv‡hi mgq n‡jv| Avwg bvgvh co‡Z jvMjvg| Pvcivkx WvK w`j| Avwg bvgvhiZ wQjvg| Ggb mg‡q cÖwZc¶ Dcw¯’Z nj| Zviv GK Zidv iv‡qi gva¨‡g jvfevb n‡Z PvBj Ges Gi Dci AZ¨šÍ †Rvi w`j| wKš‘ Av`vjZ Zv MÖvn¨ Ki‡jb bv| wZwb †gvKvÏgv Zv‡ì weiæ‡× wb®úwË Ki‡jb| wWwμ Avgvi c‡¶ nj| Avwg bvgv‡hi ci Dcw¯’Z njvg| ZLb Avgvi †Lqvj wQj, m¤¢eZ: wePviK AvB‡bi †Pv‡L Avgvi Abycw¯’wZ‡K †`‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ Avwg Dcw¯’Z n‡q hLb ejjvg Avwg bvgvh cowQjvg, ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvwg †Zv Avcbvi c‡¶ wWwμ w`‡qwQ|Ó2

(wZb) nhiZ AvK`v‡mi eqm hLb cuwPk ev wÎk eQi, ZLb GKwU MvQ KvUv wb‡q cÖRv‡ì mv‡_ Zvui kª‡×q wcZvi weev` †`Lv †`q| fw³fvRb wcZvi g‡Z f~wgi gvwjKvbv ¯^Z¡ g~‡j Mv‡QiI wZwb gvwjK| GRb¨ cÖRv‡ì weiæ‡× `vwe K‡i wZwb †gvKvÏgv `v‡qi K‡ib| ûhyi‡K †gvKvÏgv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ¸iæ`vmcyi cvVvb nj| Zvui m‡½ `yB Rb mv¶xI wQj| wZwb Lvj cvi n‡q cvVvbIqvjv MÖv‡g K¬vwšÍ wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ GKUz em‡jb Ges m½x‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ej‡jb, ÒIqv‡j` mv‡ne Ah_v `ywðšÍv K‡ib, MvQ †¶‡Zi gZ| Giv `wi`ª e¨w³| hw` †K‡U ‡bq, Zv‡Z ¶wZ wK? Avwg Av`vj‡Z GK_v ej‡Z cvie bv †h, MvQ¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© Avgv‡ì| Aek¨, Avgv‡ì Ask _vK‡Z cv‡i|Ó Zvui Dci cÖRv‡ìI AMva wek¦vm

(1) ÔnvqvZzb-bex,Õ cÖ_g LÛ, 57 c„:(2) ÔnvqvZzb&-bex,Õ cÖ_g LÛ, 56 c„ôvt


wQj| g¨vwR‡óªU cÖRv‡ì‡K cÖK…Z e¨vcvi wK wRÁvmv Ki‡j Zviv wb:m‡¼v‡P ej‡jv, Òwgh©v mv‡ne‡KB wRÁvmv Kiæb|Ó g¨vwR‡óªU wRÁvmv Ki‡j wZwb ej‡jb, ÒAvgvi g‡Z MvQ †¶‡Zi gZ| †¶‡Z †hgb Avgv‡ì Ask Av‡Q, †Zgwb Mv‡QI Ask Av‡Q|Ó Zvui GB Dw³i d‡j g¨vwR‡óªU cÖRv‡ì c‡¶ wggvsmv Ki‡jb| evwo Avmvi ci Zvui Iqv‡j` mv‡ne e„ËvšÍ AeMZ n‡q Zvui cÖwZ Amš‘ó n‡jb|1

webq I DbœZ PwiÎ :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †R¨ô cyÎ nhiZ wgh©v myjZvb Avng` mv‡ne giûg (ivwh.) ej‡Zb, ÒIqv‡j` mv‡ne GKRb gyN‡ji b¨vq Rxebhvcb K‡ibwb, dwK‡ii b¨vq Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡ib|Ó2

Kvw`qv‡bi KvbvBjvj †cvÏv‡ii wee„wZ :ÒGKevi nhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne‡K evUvjv †h‡Z n‡qwQj| wZwb Avgv‡K ÔG°vÕ K‡i w`‡Z ej‡jb| Lv‡ji Ici †cuŠ‡Q ûhy‡ii ¯§iY n‡jv N‡i †Kvb wRwbm †d‡j G‡m‡Qb| wZwb G°vIqvjv‡K †mLv‡b †i‡L cv‡q †nu‡U N‡i wd‡i Avm‡jb| cy‡ji Dci G°vIqvjv Ab¨ hvÎx †c‡q evUvjv P‡j †Mj| wgh©v mv‡ne m¤¢eZ: cv‡q †nu‡UB evUvjv wM‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb Avwg G°vIqvjv‡K †W‡K gvi w`‡q ejjvg, ÔnZfvMv, wgh©v †bhvg Øxb n‡j †Zv‡K †mLv‡b wZb w`b e‡m _vK‡Z n‡jI e‡m _vKwZ| wKš‘ Bwb mvay I ì‡ek cÖK…wZi gvbyl e‡j ZzB Zvu‡K †d‡j P‡j †MwjÕ? hLb wgh©v mv‡ne G welq Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, wZwb †W‡K Avgv‡K ej‡jb Ô†m Avgvi Rb¨ wKfv‡e e‡m _vK‡Zv? †m fvov †c‡q‡Q P‡j †M‡QÕ|Ó3

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GK Lv‡`g wgh©v BmgvBj †eM-Gi mv¶¨ GB : ÒnhiZ AvK`vm cÖZ¨vw`ó nIqvi Av‡M Zvui kª‡×q wcZvi Av‡`‡k hLb †gvKvÏgv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h‡Zb, ZLb Av‡ivn‡Yi Rb¨ m‡½ †NvovI _vKZ| AvwgI cÖvqB m‡½ _vKZvg| wKš‘ wZwb cv‡q †nu‡UB iIqvbv n‡Zb Ges Avgv‡K †Nvovi Dci mIqvi Kiv‡Zb| Avwg evisevi A¯^xKvi K‡i ejZvg, Ôûhyi Avgvi j¾v †eva nq|Õ wZwb ej‡Zb :

(1) wgTv Avjøvn Bqvi wVKv`vi mv‡n‡ei eY©bv, ÔivIqvBqv‡Z mvnvev,Õ beg LÐ, 192-93 c„:|(2) ÔwmivZzj&-gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÛ, ØZxq ms¯‹iY, 219 c„:|(3) ÔAvj&-nvKvg,Õ wmiv‡Z gwmn gvID` msL¨v, †g-Ryb 1943 wLªóvã|


Ôcv‡q †nu‡U Pjvq Avgvi j¾v nq bv, †Nvovq Po‡Z †Zvgvi j¾v wK‡miÕ?

Kvw`qvb †_‡K iIqvbv nIqvi mgq me©`v nhiZ Avgv‡K cÖ_‡g †Nvovq Pov‡Zb| Aí we¯Íi A‡a©K c_ hvIqvi ci Avwg †Nvov †_‡K bvgZvg Ges wZwb mIqvi n‡Zb| †mfv‡e, Av`vjZ †_‡K †divi mgq cÖ_‡g Avgv‡K Av‡ivnY Kiv‡Zb| c‡i wb‡R Av‡ivnY Ki‡Zb| ZLb †Nvov †h Pv‡j Pj‡Zv †mB Pv‡jB Pj‡Z †`qv Zvui ixwZ wQjÕ|1

wgh©v Øxb gynv¤§‡`i wee„wZ :ÒAvwg cÖ_‡g nhiZ gwmn gvIE` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjv‡gi mv‡_ cwiwPZ wQjvg bv| A_©vr, Zvui †L`g‡Z hvIqvi Af¨vm Avgvi wQj bv| nhiZ wbR©‡b, wbiæ‡Ï‡ki b¨vq Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb| wZwb bvgvh †ivhvi cve›` Ges kixqZ-wcÖq †jvK wQ‡jb| GB ¸YB Avgv‡K Zvui Kv‡Q †cŠuQvj| Avwg Zvui †L`g‡Z _vK‡Z jvMjvg| hLb †gvKvÏgvi ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Zb, ZLb †Nvovi Ici Zvui mv‡_ Avgv‡K †cQ‡b emv‡Zb Ges evUvjv †cuŠ‡Q wb‡R‡`i evmfe‡b †Nvov evua‡Zb| GB evmfe‡b GKwU DciZjvi K¶ wQj| wZwb Zv‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb| GB evwo †`Lv‡kvbvi KvR GKRb ZËveavq‡Ki Ici wQj| †m GKRb Mwie †jvK wQj| wZwb †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q `yB cqmvi iæwU Avbv‡Zb| GUv Zvui wb‡Ri Rb¨ Avbv nZ|Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU iæwUi GK-PZz_v©s‡ki GK UzKiv cvwbmn †L‡Zb| Aewkó iæwU, Wvj hv m‡½ _vKZ Zv †mB ZËveavqK‡K w`‡Zb| Avgv‡K LvIqvi Rb¨ Pvi Avbv w`‡Zb| wZwb AwZ Aí †L‡Zb| Zvui †Kvb cÖKvi imbv wejv‡mi Af¨vm wQj bv|Ó2

Avu-nhiZ (mv.) Gi wRqviZ : 1864 A_ev 1865 wLªóv‡ã hLb Zvui eqm wÎk wK GKwÎk ZLb wZwb AvuÑnhiZ (m.) †K `k©b K‡ib| Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi cÖwZ ZLb Zvui †h †cÖg Ges cÖxwZ wQj Zv GB Kvkd ev RvMÖZ ¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ nq| GUv Zvui †MŠi‡ev¾¡j fwel¨r wb‡`©k K‡i| GRb¨ cvVK-cvwVKv‡K ûhy‡ii iænvbx †gvKvg A_©vr Ava¨vwZ¥K gh©v`vi mv‡_

(1) ÔAvj&-nvKvg,Õ 21 †k-28†k †g 1934 wLªóvã|(2) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`Õ, wØZxq LÛ, 196 c„:|


cwiwPZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv GLv‡b eY©bv Kiv mgxPxb e‡j g‡b Kwi| ûhyi e‡jb :

Ò†hŠe‡bi ïiæ‡Z GK iv‡Z Avwg ¯^‡cœ †`Ljvg Avwg GK RuvKRgKc~Y© evwo‡Z AvwQ| Zv AZ¨šÍ cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ wQj| Gi g‡a¨ Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi m¤^‡Ü PP©v nw”Qj| Avwg †jvK‡ì‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg, Ôûhyi †Kv_vqÕ? Zviv GKwU Kvgivi cÖwZ Bkviv Kij| Avwg Ab¨vb¨ †jvKR‡bi mv‡_ wfZ‡i †Mjvg| Avwg ûhy‡ii †L`g‡Z †cuŠQ‡j, ûhyi AZ¨šÍ mš‘ó n‡jb| wZwb Avgvi mvjv‡gi DrK…ó DËi w`‡jb| Zvui iƒc, †mŠ›`h© I KgbxqZv Ges Zvui †mœnfiv `„wó Avgvi GLbI ¯§iY Av‡Q| Avwg Zv KL‡bv fyj‡Z cvie bv| Zvui †cÖg Avgv‡K wegy» Kij| Zvui Aciƒc my›ì †Pnviv Avgv‡K we‡gvwnZ Kij| ZLb wZwb Avgv‡K ej‡jb, ÔAvng`, †Zvgvi Wvb nv‡Z wK Av‡Q? Avwg Wvb nv‡Zi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`Ljvg, Avgvi nv‡Z GKwU wKZve Av‡Q Ges Zv AvgviB iwPZ e‡j g‡b n‡jv| Avwg wb‡e`b Kijvg, Ôûhyi GUv Avgvi iwPZ GKwU MÖš’Õ|1 ÔAvu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg GB wKZvewU †`‡L Aviwe fvlvq wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, ÔZzwg Gi bvg wK †i‡LQ? GB Aag wb‡e`b Ki‡jv, ÔGB wKZv‡ei bvg Avwg ÔKzZexÕ †i‡LwQ| hv †nvK, Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg IB wKZvewU Avgvi Kv‡Q †_‡K wb‡jb| wKZvewU‡Z Avgv‡ì nhiZ gyKvÏvm bexi cweÎ nv‡Zi ¯úk© jvMvgvÎ Zv GKwU AwZkq g‡bvig I my›ì d‡j cwiYZ nj| GwU †`L‡Z †cqvivi gZ wQj| wKš‘ AvKv‡i Zigy‡Ri mgvb wQj| Avu-nhiZ (m.) hLb GB djwU weZiY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ dvjv dvjv Ki‡Z PvB‡jb, ZLb Zv †_‡K GZ gay wbM©Z n‡Z jvM‡jv †h, Avu-nhi‡Zi (m.) cweÎ nvZ KbyB ch©šÍ gaygq n‡q †Mj| ZLb GKwU g„Z e¨vw³, †h ìRvi evB‡i c‡o wQj, Avu-nhi‡Zi gy‡Rhvq mÄxweZ n‡q GB Aa‡gi wcQ‡b G‡m `vuovj| nvwK‡gi mvg‡b wePvicÖv_©xi g‡Zv GB Aag Auv-nhi‡Zi (m.) m¤§y‡L ùvwo‡q wQjvg| Avu-nhiZ gnv †MŠievw¤^Z I cÖZvcvwš^Z wePviKZ©viƒ‡c GK gnvex‡ii gZ Avmb Aj¼…Z KiwQ‡jb|

Zvici mviK_v GB †h, Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg Avgv‡K djwUi GK dvwj GB D‡Ï‡k¨ w`‡jb †hb Avwg †mB cyb¾x©weZ e¨w³‡K w`B| evwK UzKiv¸‡jv wZwb Avgvi AvuP‡j ivL‡jb| Avwg †mB UzKivwU IB

(1) ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ, 548-49 c„:|


beRxebcÖvß e¨vw³‡K w`jvg| †m Zv Zr¶Yvr †L‡q †dj‡jv|1 Avwg †`Ljvg, Gi d‡j Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi Avmb D‡a© DwÌZ n‡q (K‡¶i) Qv` ¯úk© Kij| Avwg †`Ljvg ZLb, Zvui cweÎ †Pnviv Ggb `xwßgq n‡q DVj, g‡b n‡jv Gi Dci m~h© I Puv‡ì Avfv wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q| Avwg Avb‡›` we‡fvi n‡q Zvui cweÎ †Pnvivi cÖwZ †P‡q _vKjvg Ges Avgvi †PvL w`‡q AkÖæ wbM©Z n‡Z jvM‡jv| Zvici Avwg RvMÖZ njvg| Avwg ZL‡bv Kvu`wQjvg Ges Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Avgvi ü`‡q ms‡KZ w`‡jb †h †mB g„Z e¨w³ Bmjvg Ges Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zv‡K Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi iænvbx Kj¨v‡Y GLb Avgvi nv‡Z mÄxweZ Ki‡eb| Avjøvûgv mv‡jø Avjv gynv¤§v‡Ì Iqv ev‡iK& Iqvmv‡jøg, BbœvKv nvgx`yg& gvRx`|Ó2

wcZv-cy‡Î ev`vbyev` :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi kª‡×q wcZvi Zxeª AvKv•¶v wQj Zvui cyÎ ïay KziAvb gRx` I Ab¨vb¨ ag© cy¯ÍK cv‡VB wbgMœ bv _vKzK eis †Kvb m¤§vbRbK ivRKv‡h© AwawôZ †_‡K fwel¨r msmvi Rxe‡bI DbœwZ jvf KiæK| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb K‡qKevi PvKwii w`‡K Zvui g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ cÖwZeviB Zvui ag©vbyivM Ges mvsmvwiK KvR-K‡g© wb:¯ú„n †`L‡Z †c‡q ¶všÍ n‡q †h‡Zb| `„óvšÍ¯îƒc, GKev‡ii NUbv, GKRb Bs‡iR Awdmvi ¸i`vmcyi †Rjvq AvMgb K‡ib| wZwb Zvui wcZvi c~e© cwiwPZ| wcZv G‡K eo my‡hvM g‡b K‡i Kvn‡jvqvb MÖv‡gi GKRb wkL SvÐv wmsn‡K ej‡jb, hvI, †Mvjvg Avng`‡K †W‡K Avb| Avgvi cwiwPZ GKRb Bs‡iR nvwKg †Rjvq G‡m‡Qb| †m B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡K †Kvb fvj PvKwi wb‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| SvÐv wmsn e‡jbt ÒAvwg wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q wM‡q †`Ljvg Pvi w`‡K cy¯ÍK ivwki ¯Z‚‡ci g‡a¨ e‡m wKQz cvV Ki‡Qb| Avwg eo wgh©v mv‡n‡ei evZ©v †cuŠQvjvg| wgh©v mv‡ne ‡n‡m cÖZz¨Ëi Ki‡jb, Ô†hLv‡b PvKwi †bqvi wQj, Avwg wb‡q wb‡qwQÕ| eo wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ôev¯ÍweK PvKwi wb‡qQÕ? wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÔnvuÕ wb‡qwQÕ| G‡Z eo wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, Av”Qv, hw` PvKwi wb‡q _v‡K, Z‡e fvjÕ|3 eyw×gvb wcZv Zvi fvMëvb cy‡Îi ms‡KZ DËgiƒ‡c eyS‡Z cvi‡Zb| hLb wZwb Rvbv‡jb

(1) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvÕ, Z…Zxq LÐ, 248-49 c„: cvÙxKvi UxKv|(2) ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ, 548-49 c„:|(3) ÔwmiZzj-gvn`xÕ, cÖ_g LÐ, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, 48 c„:|


†h cvw_©e †Kvb PvKwii Zvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, wZwb GKgvÎ cig Aviv‡aï PvKwi MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zvui kª×vfvRb wcZv mv‡_ mv‡_ GUv ü`q½g Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb †h ev¯ÍweK, PvKwi wb‡q _vK‡j fvj| wKš‘ Zv GZ mvgwqK D”Q¡vm wQj, hvi cÖfv‡e Zvui Iqv‡j` mv‡ne Pzc n‡q †M‡jb| bv nq Zvui AvKv•¶v GUvB wQj †h cvwievwiK cÖfve cÖwZcwË eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cyÎ †Kvb bv †Kvb ¯’v‡b PvKwi MªnY K‡i cvw_©e Hk¦h© jvf KiæK| e¯‘Z:, Zvu‡K PvKwii D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b †cÖiY KivI n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †Kv_vI Zvi gb wUK‡jv bv| Aek¨, fwel¨r Rxe‡b Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K Zvui Dci †h gnvb Kvh©fvi b¨¯Í nIqv wbav©wiZ wQj, ZrmsμvšÍ wel‡q wZwb eû AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡jb|

wkqvj‡Kv‡U PvKwi :1867 wLªóv‡ãi wbKUeZx© mg‡q Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I K‡qK eQi Zvu‡K miKvwi PvKwi Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| GB PvKwii d‡j wZwb Pvi eQi wkqvj‡KvU Ae¯’vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b †h AwfÁZv jvf K‡ib, †m cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jbt

ÒGB AwfÁZv Øviv Avwg Rvb‡Z cvijvg †h, AwaKvsk PvKwiRxwe AZ¨šÍ Mwn©Z Rxebhvcb K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AwZ AímsL¨K †jvKB cy‡ivcyix bvgvh-†ivhv cvjb K‡ib Ges cix¶vi mgqÑhv Zv‡ì Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z nq- A‰ea Avb›` †_‡K AvZ¥i¶v K‡ib| me©`v Avwg Zv‡ì gyL †`‡L Avðvh©vwš^Z n‡qwQ| AwaKvsk‡KB †`‡LwQ êa ev A‰eafv‡e A‡_©vcvR©‡bi g‡a¨B Zv‡ì mg¨K AvKv•¶v mxgve×| eûR‡biB wèvivwÎi hveZxq †Póv ïay GB mvgwqK Rxe‡bi cvw_©e DbœwZi Rb¨ wbe× _vK‡Z †`‡LwQ| Avwg PvKwiRxwe‡ì g‡a¨ Lye AímsL¨K †jvK Ggb †c‡qwQ hviv ïay †Lv`v ZvAvjvi gwngv ¯§iYc~e©K DbœZ PwiÎ, Mv¤¢xh©, `qv, `vw¶Y¨, mZZv, mshg, webq I bgªZv, m„ó Rx‡ei cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxjZv, cweÎ wPËZv, êa Avnvi, mZëvw`Zv Ges ci‡nRMvwii ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z| AwaKvsk‡KB An¼vi, AbvPvi, ag© wel‡q †ec‡ivqv Ges bvbv cÖKvi nxb Pwi‡Î kqZv‡bi fvB wn‡m‡e †`‡LwQ| †h‡nZz Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi GB †nKgZ wQj †h, me cÖKvi me iKg gvby‡li m¤ú‡K© Avgvi AwfÁZv jvf nq, †m Rb¨ Avgv‡K me ai‡bi †jv‡Ki mv‡_ evm Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|1Ó

(1) ÔwKZveyj&-evwiq¨vÕ, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 153-154 c„:|


ÒPvKwi KvivMviÓ :wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui PvKwii mg‡q GKevi Zvui kª‡×qv gvZv nvqvZ bv‡g R‰bK bvwcZ Gi gva¨‡g Zv‡K Pvi †Rvov Kvco †cÖiY K‡ib| `vbkxj ¯^fve ekZt Zv †_‡K GK †Rvov e¯¿ wZwb IB bvwcZ‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡jb, A_P GUv we‡kl hZœ mnKv‡i Zvui Rb¨B ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj| bvwcZ K_v cÖm‡½ Zvu‡K PvKwi m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv Ki‡jv †h, PvKwiwU wK Zvui cQ›` n‡q‡Q? wZwb ej‡jb, ÒGwU‡Zv KvivMvi we‡klÓ|1

Avjøvn& ZvAvjv KZ…©K wec` †_‡K i¶v Kivi A‡jŠwKK NUbv :wkqvj‡KvU hvIqvi ci cÖ_gw`‡K Zv‡K SvÐvbIqvjvq †`vZvjv N‡ii GKwU K‡¶ evm Ki‡Z nq| GB K‡¶i eviv›`v f~cwZZ nIqv Ges †gv‡Rhv ¯îƒc Zvui Kj¨v‡Y emevmiZ e¨w³‡ì meviB i¶v cvIqvi NUbv D‡jøL cÖm‡½ nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb ÒGK iv‡Z GK evwoi Dci Zvjvq Avwg Nygvw”Qjvg| GKB K‡¶ Avgvi mv‡_ c‡b‡iv †lvj e¨w³ Nygvw”Qj| iv‡Z Qv‡ì KwoKv‡V KoKo kã nw”Qj| Avwg mevB‡K RvwM‡q ejjvg KwoKv‡Vi Ae¯’v Avk¼vRbK g‡b n‡”Q| GLvb †_‡K †ei nIqv Riæwi| Zviv ej‡jb, g‡b nq, †Kvb Bu`yi n‡e| f‡qi †Kvb KviY †bB| GB e‡j Zviv Nywg‡q co‡jb| wKQz¶Y c‡i Avevi Hai‡bi kã nj| ZLb Avwg Zv‡ì‡K Avevi RvwM‡q Zzjjvg| wKš‘ Zey Zviv åƒ‡¶c Ki‡jb bv| Z…Zxq evi KwoKv‡V Avevi kã n‡jv| ZLb Avwg Zv‡ì mevB‡K †Rvi K‡i DwV‡q Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i w`jvg| mevB †ewi‡q hvIqvi ci AvwgI †mLvb †_‡K †ei njvg| Avwg wmuwoi wØZxq av‡c cv †`qv gvÎ Qv`wU wb‡P a‡m ci‡jv Ges wØZxq Qv`wUmn f~cwZZ nj| ejc~e©K mevB‡K †ei Kivq mevB i¶v †cj|2

wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui wKQz wKQz NUbv :wØZj Ni a‡m civi ci nhiZ AvK`vm wKQz mgq Kvk¥xix gnjøvq evm K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui Rv‡g gmwR‡ì mvg‡b nvwKg gbme Avjx mv‡ne `wjj †jL‡Ki mv‡_ GKwU êVKLvbvq wKQzw`b _v‡Kb| wZwb wgTv dhj Øxb mv‡n‡ei Kwbô fvB Dgiv bvgK GK Kvk¥xixi evwo‡Z evm (1) ÔwmiZzj&-gvn`xÕ, cÖ_g LÐ, 236 c„:|(2) ÔnvqvZzb&-bexÕ, cÖ_g †Rj&`, wØZxq bs 170 c„:|


Ki‡Zb| ¯^qs MÖš’Kv‡ii GB evwo †`Lvi my‡hvM n‡qwQj 1940 wLªóv‡ã| wgTv dhj Øxb mv‡n‡ei AvZ¥xq‡ì g‡a¨ †KD Avgv‡K e‡jwQj ev, nhiZ mv‡ne m¤^‡Ü ÁvZ wQ‡jv †h, wZwb †KvU© †_‡K G‡m ìRvq cÖ‡e‡ki ci wcQ‡b ZvwK‡q ìRvi KcvU eÜ Ki‡Zb bv, KviY wcQ‡bi Zjvi †Kvb AcwiwPZ ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki cÖwZ bRi bv c‡o| N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖ_‡g `yB nvZ wcQ‡b w`‡K K‡i cÖ_‡g ìRv eÜ Ki‡Zb, Zvici wd‡i wkKj jvMv‡Zb| AZ:ci N‡i KziAvb gRx` cvV Ges bvgv‡h `xN© †mR`v Kiv Qvov Zvui †Kvb KvR wQj bv| †Kvb †Kvb AvqvZ wj‡L †`qv‡j †Svjv‡Zb Ges c‡i I¸‡jv m¤^‡Ü wPšÍv Ki‡Z _vK‡Zb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq Awd‡mi Kv‡R †Kvb Rwg`vi Zvi evwo‡Z G‡m mv¶vr Ki‡Z PvB‡j wZwb wgTv dhj Øxb mv‡ne‡K ej‡Zb, ÒwgTv dhj Øxb Zv‡ì‡K e‡j w`b †h, Avwg Zv‡ì KvR Awd‡mB K‡i wè| GLv‡b ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

Rb‡mevi †cÖiYvI Zvui AšÍ:Ki‡Y AZ¨šÍ cÖej wQj| gvme¨vcx PvKwii ci Awdm †_‡K †h †eZb wZwb N‡i Avb‡Zb, Zv †_‡K Lvevi BZ¨vw` eve` mvgvb¨ LiP nv‡Z †i‡L Aewkó UvKv w`‡q gnjøvi weaev I AfveMÖ¯Í e¨w³‡ì Kvco ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Zb ev bM` e›Ub Ki‡Zb|1 wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿I Zvui h‡_ó ey¨rcwË wQj| †h †ivMxB AvmZ, wZwb Zvi wPwKrmv Ki‡Zb Ges Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki‡Zb|

fviZel©‡K wLªóvb Kivi `„p m¼í I G‡Z wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui f~wgKv :1857 wLªóv‡ã wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni ci Bs‡iRiv fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡Z cvij kvmb eë¯’v Ges cÖPvi kw³i gva¨‡g G‡`kevmx‡K wLªóvb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j cybivq we‡`ªvnRbK Ae¯’vi m„wó nIqv wewPÎ bq| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ jÐ‡b eo eo cwiKíbv cÖYqb n‡Z jvMj| e„wUk cvj©v‡g‡›Ui GKRb m`m¨ wg: G‡½jm IB mg‡q wLªóvb‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU cÖv‡bvÏxcK e³…Zvq e‡jb :

Ò†Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì‡K myw`b w`‡q‡Qb Ges fviZ mvgªvR¨‡K Bsj¨v‡Ði Aaxb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †hb whï Lªx‡ói weRq cZvKv fvi‡Zi GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Aci cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ DÇxb nq| fviZel©‡K wLªóvb Kivi gnvb KvR‡K c~Y©Zv `vb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Zver kw³ e¨q Kiv KZ©e¨| G‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi ˆkw_j¨ Kiv DwPZ bq|Ó

(1) ÔwmivZzj-gvn`xÕ, Z…Zxq LÐ, 94 c„:|


1862 wLªóv‡ã Bs‡j¨‡Ði cÖavbgš¿x jW© cvgwób Ges fviZ mwPe Pvjm© D‡Wi Kv‡Q GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j Dcw¯’Z nq| jW© mfv Ges mvaviY mfvi m`m¨MY QvovI AviI A‡bK MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³ G‡Z wQ‡jb| Bsj¨v‡Ði me© cÖavb cv`ªx †K›Uvievixi AvP© wekc GB cÖwZwbwa‡ì cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b| fviZ mwPe GB cÖwZwbwa‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡i e‡jb:

ÒAvgvi cÖZ¨q Av‡Q †h, fviZe‡l© wLªóa‡g© `x¶v MÖnYKvix cÖ‡Z¨K be wLªóvb Bsj¨v‡Ði mv‡_ GK bZzb GKZvm~‡Î Ave× n‡e Ges e„wUk mvgªvR¨‡K my`~p Kivi Rb¨ †m GK bZzb MÖwš’¯îƒc n‡e|1

wLªóvb‡ì cÖavb cÖavb gÐwj ¸‡jvi G cÖKvi †Póv-PwiZ †_‡K ¯úóZ: cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wLªóvb RvwZ g‡b K‡iwQ‡jv Zviv wLªóvb a‡g©i cÖPv‡i cy‡ivcywi †Rvi w`‡j AíKv‡ji g‡a¨B Zviv Zv‡ì AwfcÖv‡q wmw× jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges †`‡ki AwaKvsk Awaevmx‡K wLªóvb K‡i mvgªvR¨‡K `„p wfwË‡Z cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e| cvÄv‡ei wgkb ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wkqvj‡KvU wgk‡bi GKwU †``xc¨gvb we‡klZ¡ wQj| KviY, GB wgkb †`k i¶vi GK we‡kl cwiKíbv Abymv‡i ¯’vwcZ nq| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Øviv μzk f½ Kivi KvR MÖnY Kiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Afxó wQj| GRb¨ wZwb Zvui cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ wLªªóvb a‡g©i cÖwZK‚‡j GK AmvaviY D`¨‡gi m„wó K‡ib Ges cÖvi¤¢ Kvj †_‡KB Gi Rb¨ my‡hvM Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|

cv`ªx evUjvi mv‡ne Gg. G.Õi Dci nhiZ AvK`v‡mi e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖfve :†h me cv`ªx mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Zvui ag© wel‡q gZ wewbg‡qi my‡hvM n‡qwQj, Zvi g‡a¨ cv`ªx evUjvi mv‡ne Gg. G. †kªô e¨w³ wQ‡jb| Zvui e³…Zv I hyw³mg~n cv`ªx mv‡n‡ei ü`‡q Ggbfv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡iwQj †h, wZwb cÖvqB KvPvwii †kl mg‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡q Zvui mv‡_ Avjvc Ki‡Zb Zvui evm¯’vb ch©šÍ †h‡Zb Ges AZ¨šÍ üówP‡Ë †mB †QvU M„nwU‡Z Zvui m‡½ em‡Zb| †Kvb †Kvb m¼xY©-†PZv wLªóvb cv`ªx mv‡ne‡K G‡Z evav cÖ`vb Ki‡jv Ges ej‡jv †h GUv Zvui c‡¶ gvbnvwbKi Ges

(1) ÔDjvgv-G-nK& AvIi Db‡K gyRvnv`vbv Kvibvgv RwgqZzj- Djvgv-G- wn‡›ì bv‡Rg †gŠjvbv ˆmq` wgTv mv‡ne cÖYxZ, 25-26 c„:|(2) The Mission by R. Clerk 1904 Page 234 (vide Life of Ahmad, by A.R. Dard

M.A. Ex. Muslim Missionary, London.)


wgk‡bi c‡¶I AcgvbRbK| wKš‘ cv`ªx mv‡ne GKvšÍ M¤¢xi I kvšÍfv‡e cÖZz¨Ëi Ki‡jb :

ÒwZwb GKRb gnvgvbe| wZwb AZzjbxq| †Zvgiv Zv eyS‡Z cvibv| Avwg †ek eywS|Ó1

wLªóxq gZev‡ì μg:ea©gvb cøve‡bi cÖwZ‡iva :wkqvj‡Kv‡U Ae¯’vb Kv‡j wLªóvb a‡g©i μg:ea©gvb cøveb‡K wZwb Ggb my›ì, `„p I myPviæfv‡e Zvui kw³kvjx hyw³ Øviv cÖwZnZ K‡ib †h, kÎæ wgÎ mevB Zvui Kv‡Q civRq ¯^xKvi K‡ib| wb‡gœ Avgiv mvgmyj Djvgv †gŠjvbv ˆmq` gxi nvmvb mv‡ne giûg wkqvj‡KvUxi `yÕwU we¯ÍvwiZ mv¶¨ wjwce× KiwQ, hvi gva¨‡g ¯úófv‡e Rvbv hv‡e †h wZwb †Kgb c~Z-cweÎ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb Ges Bmjv‡gi c¶ mg_©‡b wZwb †Kgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fywgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb|

wkqvj‡KvU Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© †gŠjvbv ˆmq` gxi nvmvb mv‡n‡ei cÖ_g wee„wZ :cÖv‡Pï weL¨vZ E`~© Kwe Wv: m¨vi †gvnv¤§` BKev‡ji I¯Ív` giûg mvgmyj Djvgv Rbve †gŠjvbv ˆmq` gxi nvmvb mv‡ne e‡j‡Qb : nhiZ wghv©© mv‡ne 1864 wLªóv‡ã PvKwi Dcj‡¶ wkqvj‡KvU AvMgb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| wZwb wbR©bZv wcÖq I mvay e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb hveZxq ev‡R I Ah_v KvR I K_v †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Zb| GRb¨ AwaKvsk mvaviY †jv‡Ki mv‡_ mv¶v‡Z Ah_v mg‡qi AcPq nq e‡j wZwb Zv cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| DwKj jvjv fxg †mb mv‡ne Zuvi GKvšÍ eÜz wQ‡jb| Zvi gvZvgn wgVb jvj evUvjvq AwZwi³ mnKvix Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb| evUvjvq wgh©v mv‡ne Ges jvjv mv‡n‡ei ci¯úi cwiPq wQj| GBRb¨ wkqvj‡Kv‡UI Zvu‡ì c~Y© ü`¨Zv A¶zYœ wQj| wkqvj‡Kv‡U wgh©v mv‡n‡ei me©v‡c¶v AšÍi½ eÜz hw` †KD wQj †Zv jvjv mv‡neB wQ‡jb| jvjv mv‡ne GKRb kvšÍ cÖK…wZi, dviwm fvlvwe` Ges †gavex e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wgh©v mv‡ne we`¨vbyivMx wQ‡jb e‡j wZwb Zv‡K AZ¨šÍ fvjevm‡Zb|

wgh©v mv‡n‡ei cvwÐZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Awd‡mi Kg©Pvixiv AcwiwPZ wQj| IB

(1) wgTv †givR Øxb mv‡ne Dgi wjwLZ, ÔnhiZ gmxn gvID‡ì msw¶ß Rxeb PwiZ, PZz_© ms¯‹i‡Yi Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvi mv‡_ mvs‡hvwRZ, 56 c„:|


eQ‡iB MÖx‡®§i cÖvi‡¤¢ gynv¤§` mv‡jn bv‡g GK Avie hyeK kn‡i AvMgb K‡i| Zv‡K ¸ßPi e‡j m‡›`n Kiv nq| †WcywU Kwgkbvi nwiKmb mv‡ne (c‡i wZwb ivIqvjwcwÐ wefv‡Mi Kwgkbvi n‡qwQ‡jb) Zvi Av`vj‡Z gynv¤§` mv‡jn‡K wRÁvmvev` Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zje K‡ib| †`vfvlxi cÖ‡qvRb nj| wgh©v mv‡ne †h‡nZz Aviwe fvlvq ey¨rcwË ivL‡Zb Ges Aviwe‡Z DËgiƒ‡c e³…Zv w`‡Z I iPbv wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb †mRb¨ Zvu‡K †W‡K Av‡`k w`‡jb, ÒAvwg †h me K_v ej‡ev Zv Avie mv‡ne‡K wRÁvmv K‡i Gi DËi D`y©‡Z Avgv‡K wj‡L w`b|Ó wgh©v mv‡ne GB KvR h_v‡hvM¨fv‡e m¤úv`b K‡ib| ZLb Zvui †hvM¨Zv †jvK mgy‡L cÖwZfvZ nj|

†m mg‡qB †gŠjex Gjvwn eKm mv‡n‡ei cÖ‡Póvq, whwb wk¶v cÖwZôvb ¸‡jvi Pxd gynviivi wQ‡jb (eZ©gv‡b GB c‡ì bvg ¯‹zj ¸‡jvi †Rjv Bbm‡c±i) KvPvixi †Kivwb‡ì Bs‡iwR wk¶vi Rb¨ GKwU ˆbk we`¨vjq ¯’vwcZ nq| †cbkb‡fvMx Wv³vi gxi kvn& mv‡ne Aa¨vcK wbhy³ nb| wgh©v mv‡neI Bs‡iwR wk¶v ïiæ K‡ib Ges `yÕ GKwU Bs‡iwR cy¯ÍK cvV K‡ib|1

ZLb ag© Av‡jvPbvq wgh©v mv‡n‡ei cÖMvp AbyivM wQj| cv`ªx mv‡ne‡ì mv‡_ cÖvqB Zvui Av‡jvPbv n‡Zv| GK †`kxq wLªóvb cv`ªx AvjvBkv mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Zvui weZK© n‡qwQj| cv`ªx mv‡ne nvRxcyivi `w¶Y w`‡K GKwU KzwV‡Z evm Ki‡Zb| cv`ªx mv‡ne ej‡jb wLªóvb ag© MÖnY Kiv e¨ZxZ Ôgyw³Õ m¤¢eci bq| wgh©v m‡ne gyw³i A_© wRÁvmv Ki‡jb Ges we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v PvB‡jb| cv`ªx mv‡ne ‡Kvb we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v w`‡jb bv| ZK© †_‡K GB e‡j wbe„Ë n‡jb †h, wZwb ‡Kvb cÖKvi hyw³we`¨v cvV K‡ibwb|

cv`ªx evUjvi mv‡ne Gg. G. GKRb eo weÁ e¨w³ I `vk©wbK wQ‡jb| wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Zvui eûevi ag©v‡jvPbv nq| wZwb †Mvn`cyi MÖv‡gi cv‡k evm Ki‡Zb| GKevi cv`ªx mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ògmxn webv wcZvq Rb¥MÖnY Kivi g‡a¨ GB inm¨ wbwnZ wQj †h wZwb Kzgvix gixq‡gi M‡f© Rb¥ nIqvq Av`‡gi cv‡ci DËivwaKvi †_‡K gy³ wQ‡jb| KviY, Av`g cvcx wQ‡jb|Ó wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÒgixqgI Av`‡gi eskai| myZivs Av`‡gi DËivwaKvi †_‡K gy³ nIqvi A_© wK? AwaKš‘ ¯¿x‡jvKB Av`g‡K Kzgš¿Yv cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j Av`g wbwl× e„‡¶i dj †L‡q cvcx n‡qwQ‡jb| myZivs gmx‡ni Rb¥ mskªe †_‡KI gy³ _vKv DwPZ wQj| G‡Z cv`ªx mv‡ne wbiæËi

(1) †mKv‡j cÖ_g cy¯Í‡K eY© cwiPq _vKZ Ges wØZxq cy¯Í‡K A¶i-ms‡hv‡M mnRkã MV‡bi cÖvv_wgK Abykxjb _vKZ| (ÔwmivZzj&-gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÐ, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 159 c„:)


iB‡jb| cv`ªx evUjvi mv‡ne wgh©v mv‡ne‡K AZ¨šÍ m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| Zvui mv‡_ AZ¨šÍ kª×vi mv‡_ K_v-evZ©v ej‡Zb| wgh©v mv‡n‡ei cÖwZ cv`ªx mv‡n‡ei AZ¨šÍ fvjevmv wQj| cv`ªx mv‡ne wejvZ cÖZ¨vMg‡bi mgq wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z Av‡mb| †WcywU Kwgkbvi mv‡ne cv`ªx mv‡n‡ei AvMg‡bi D‡Ïk¨ m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| cv`ªx mv‡ne DË‡i ej‡jb, wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vrKv‡ii Rb¨ wZwb AvMgb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`‡k P‡j hv‡”Qb ZvB wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ †kl mv¶vr Ki‡eb| GRb¨ wgh©v mv‡ne †hLv‡b e‡mwQ‡jb, †mLv‡b wM‡q †g‡Si Dci em‡jb Ges nhiZ AvK`vm Gi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i we`vq n‡jb|

wgh©v mv‡ne cv`ªx‡ì mv‡_ ZK© Ki‡Z we‡klfv‡e cQ›` Ki‡Zb e‡j, RjÜ‡ii gyiv` †eM whwb wb‡Ri QÙbvg cÖ_‡g †k‡K¯Ív Ges c‡i Ôgyqvn‡n`Õ iv‡Lb, wgh©v mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb, Ò‰mq` Avng` Lvb mv‡ne †ZŠivZ I BwÄ‡ji fvl¨ wj‡L‡Qb| Avcwb Zvi mv‡_ cÎvjvc Ki‡j A‡bK mvnvh¨ cv‡eb|Ó d‡j, wgh©v mv‡ne m¨vi ˆmq`‡K Aviwe‡Z cÎ wj‡Lb|

Av`vj‡Zi †Kivbx‡ì g‡a¨ Awd‡mi f~Zc~e© gynv‡dR †kL Avjøvn&-`v` mv‡ne giû‡gi mv‡_ Zvui AZ¨šÍ cÖxwZ Ges AK…wÎg cÖMvp fvjevmv wQj| kn‡ii cÖvPxb‡ì g‡a¨ †gŠjex gvneye Avjx mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei AvšÍwiK cÖxwZi m¤úK© wQj| †gŠjex mv‡ne GKRb wbR©bevmx, m`v DcvmbviZ AZ¨šÍ mvay Ges b·e›`x ZwiKvi GKRb mywd wQ‡jb|

†h êVKLvbvq wgh©v mv‡ne `wjj wjLK nvKxg gbme Avjxi mv‡_ GK‡Î evm Ki‡Zb, Zv evRv‡ii Dci wQj Ges nvKxg ûmvgywÏb mv‡ne giû‡gi1 Jlavjq Lye Kv‡Q wQj| GB Jlavj‡q nvKxg mv‡n‡ei Ilya cÖ¯‘‡Zi DcKiY _vKZ| GLv‡b Ilya wewμ nZ Ges GUvB Zvi wPwKrmvjq wQj| GB Kvi‡Y nvKxg mv‡ne Ges wgh©v mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ cwiPq N‡U| nvKxg mv‡ne wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q ÔKvbybPvÕ Ges †gv‡R‡hi wKQz Ask Aa¨qb K‡ib|

wgh©v mv‡ne PvKwi cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| GRb¨ wZwb gy³vwi cix¶vi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ ïiæ K‡ib Ges AvB‡bi cy¯ÍKvw` cvV Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wKš‘ cix¶vq

(1) cix¶vq K…ZKvh© bv nIqvi GKwU evwn¨K KviYI wQj| 22 Rb cix¶v_x© cix¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb| bvivqb wmsn bvgK GK e¨w³ cix¶vq `yóywg Ki‡Z wM‡q aiv c‡o| d‡j, mKj cix¶v_©x‡KB †dj e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq| (ÔwmivZzj&-gvn&`xÕ, Z…Zxq LÐ 179 c„: cwÐZ †èxiv‡gi wee„wZ|)


mdjZv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv1 wK cÖKv‡iB ev Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb? cvw_©e Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Zv Zvui Rb¥ nqwb| e¯‘Z: weavZv cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡KB we‡kl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

IB mg‡q cvÄve BDwbfvwm©wU bZzb cÖwZwôZ nq| †mLv‡b Aviwe Aa¨vc‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb wQj| gvwmK †eZb 100 UvKv| Avwg Zvui †L`g‡Z AviR Kijvg, ÔAvcwb ìLv¯Í w`b| Aviwe fvlvq Avcbvi ey¨rcwË Av‡Q, Avwg wbwðZ Avcwb GB c‡` wbhy³ n‡eb| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvwg Aa¨cbv cQ›` Kwi bv| A‡b‡K ÁvbvR©‡bi ci eû `y®‹g© K‡i Ges we`¨v‡K A‰ea Kv‡Ri Dcvq I A¯¿ iƒ‡c eënvi K‡i| Avwg GB Avqv‡Z ewY©Z mZK©evYx‡K AZ¨šÍ fq Kwi| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡j‡Qb e‡j‡Qb :

GB DËi ‡_‡K †evSv hvq, wZwb KZ mvay-cÖvY wQ‡jb|

GKevi †KD GKRb wRÁvmv K‡iwQj, bex‡ì ¯^cœ‡`vl nq bv †Kb? wZwb ej‡jb, bex‡ì RvMÖZ Ges wbw`ªZ Dfq Ae¯’vq †KejgvÎ cweÎ wPšÍvB _v‡K| bvcvK wPšÍv Zvu‡ì ü`‡q ¯’vb cvq bv| GRb¨ Zvu‡ì wb`ªv‡ZI ¯^cœ‡`vl nq bv|

GKevi †cvkvK m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv P‡j| †KD ej‡jv, Lye PIov gyûix`vi (wXjv) cvqRvgv fvj| wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, j¾v¯’vb Avei‡Yi Rb¨ m¼xY© gyûixhy³ cvqRvgv AwZ DËg| G‡Z AwaK c`©v nq| KviY, Gw`‡q Rwgb †_‡KI c`©v Kiv hvq| mevB GB AwfgZ cQ›` Kij|

Ae‡k‡l, wgh©v mv‡ne PvKwi‡Z exZkª× n‡q 1868 mv‡j c`Z¨vM K‡i GLvb †_‡K P‡j hvb| 1877 mv‡j GKevi wZwb Av‡mb Ges jvjv fxg †m‡bi evwo‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib| wbgš¿Y Dcj‡¶ wZwb nvKxg gxi ûmvgyÏxb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z hvb| GB eQ‡i m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Lvb ¸‡div jvû (Zv‡K ¶gv Kiv nDK) KziAvb kix‡di Zdmxi cÖYqb ïiæ K‡ib| wZb iæKzi Zdmxi Avgvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQvj| hLb Avwg Ges †kL Avjøvn&-`v` mv‡ne wgh©v mv‡n‡ei gyjvKv‡Zi Rb¨ jvjv fxg †mb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z hvB ZLb K_v cÖm‡½ m¨vi ˆmq` mv‡n‡ei m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv nq| BwZg‡a¨ Zdmxi wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq| Avwg ejjvg, ÔwZb iæKzi Zdmxi Avgvi nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| G‡Z A_v©r Zdmx‡i †`vqv Ges Iwn AeZi‡Yi wel‡q weZK© Kiv

(1) A_©vr †d‡ik&ZvMY‡K ejv n‡e, Òhviv Ab¨vq K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì‡K Ges Zv‡ì m½x‡K GKwÎZ Ki|Ó (m~ivn& ÔAvm&-mvd& dvZÕ, 23 AvqvZ)|


1

n‡q‡Q| wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÔAvMvgxKvj Avcwb Avmvi mgq Zdmximn Avm‡eb| ciw`b hLb †mLv‡b †Mjvg, ZLb Zdmx‡ii Dfq ¯’vbB wZwb ïb‡jb| wZwb mš‘ó n‡jb bv Ges Zdmxi cQ›` Ki‡jb bv| †jLK- gxi nvmvb|Ó1

†gŠjvbv ˆmq` gxi nvmvb mv‡n‡ei wØZxq wee„wZ :nhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne cÖ_‡g Kvwk¥ix gnjøvq GB Aa‡gi MwieLvbvi Lye Kv‡QB Dgiv bvgK GK Kvwk¥ixi evwo fvov wb‡q emevm Ki‡Zb| Av`vjZ †_‡K G‡m KziAvb kixd cv‡V wbgMœ n‡Zb| e‡m, ùvwo‡q Ges cuvqPvix Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z _vK‡Zb Ges Lye Kvu`‡Zb| Giƒc fq I fw³ mnKv‡i cvV Ki‡Zb hvi †Kvb Zzjbv †bB| Z`vbxšÍb cÖ_vbymv‡i mv¶vrcÖv_©x e¨w³MY Kg©KZ©v‡ì Kv‡Q †hfv‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb, Zvui mv¶vr cÖv_©xivI Zvui †L`g‡Z †mfv‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb| DwjøwLZ evwoi gvwjK Dgivi eo fvB dhj Øxb mv‡ne gnjøvi GKRb cÖZvckvjx †jvK wQ‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K †W‡K ej‡Zb, ÔwgTv dhj Øxb, Zv‡ì‡K eywS‡q e‡j w`b GLv‡b G‡m Zv‡ì Ges Avgvi mgq bó bv K‡ib| Avwg wKQz Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avwg nvKxg bB| Avgvi hv KZ©e¨ Awd‡mB Zv K‡i Avwm| dhj Øxb mv‡ne Zv‡ì‡K eywS‡q we`vq K‡i w`‡Zb| †gŠjex Ave`yj Kwig mv‡neI GB gnjøvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges GLv‡bB †hŠe‡b c`vc©Y K‡ib| wZwb c‡i wgh©v mv‡n‡ei we‡kl mnPi‡ì g‡a¨ MY¨ nb|

AZ:ci, Rv‡g gmwR‡ì mvg‡b wgh©v mv‡ne GKwU êVKLvbvq gbme Avjx nvKx‡gi m‡½ GK‡Î evm Ki‡Zb| wZwb (A_©vr gbme Avjx) `wjj wjL‡Ki c‡` cÖwZwôZ wQ‡jb| êVKLvbvi Kv‡Q dhj Øxb bv‡g GKRb e„× †`vKvb`vi wQ‡jb| wZwb iv‡ZI †`vKv‡bB _vK‡Zb| Zvi AwaKvsk eÜz-evÜe mÜ¨vi ci †`vKv‡b Avm‡Zb| Zviv mevB fvj gvbyl wQ‡jb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq wgh©v mv‡neI †mLv‡b †h‡Zb Ges mgq mgq wgkb ¯‹z‡ji †nW gvóvi bmiæjøvn bv‡g R‰bK wLªóvbI †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb| wgh©v mv‡ne Ges †nWgvói mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ ag© wel‡q cÖvqB ZK© n‡Zv| wgh©v mv‡n‡ei fvl‡Y Dcw¯’Z e¨w³iv DcK…Z n‡Zb|

†gŠjex gvneye Avjg mv‡ne GKRb eyRyM©, cig mvay, mr I mvaK cyiæl

(1) ÔwmiZzj-gvn`xÕ, cÖ_g LÐ, cÖ_g ms·iY 154 c„:|


wQ‡jb| wgh©v mv‡ne Zvi Kv‡QI †h‡Zb Ges jvjv fxg †mb‡KI †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q hvIqvi Rb¨ ZvwM` Ki‡Zb| d‡j, wZwbI KL‡bv KL‡bv †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q ‡h‡Zb| hLwb cxigywi`x Ges eqAv‡Zi welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nZ, ZLb wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡Zb †h gvby‡li c‡¶ ¯^qs †Póv I cwikªg Kiv DwPZ| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb,1

†gŠjvex gvneye Avjg mv‡ne G‡Z ivM n‡q ej‡Zb †h, eqAvZ e¨ZxZ c_ cvIqv hvq bv| ag© wel‡q wgh©v mv‡n‡ei †kªóZ¡ I cÖvavb¨ †Zv mycÖKvwkZ| wKš‘ ewn¨Kfv‡e kvixwiK †`Š‡oI Zvui †kªôZ¡ ZLbKvi Dcw¯’Z e¨w³‡ì g‡aÏ cwi®‹vifv‡e cÖwZcbœ n‡qwQj|

e¨vcviwU Gfv‡e N‡U| GKevi †Kv‡U©i KvR †m‡i Kg©Pvixiv N‡i wdiwQ‡jv| ZLb `ªæZ †`Šovevi Ges cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv nq| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB AwaK `ªæZ †`Šovevi `vwe Kij| Ae‡k‡l, R‰bK wejøv wmsn me©v‡c¶v AwaK †`Šovevi `vwe Kij| wgh©v mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi mv‡_ †`ŠovI| †`Lv hv‡e, †K KZ `ªæZ †`Šov‡Z cv‡iÕ| Ae‡k‡l †kL Bjvn`v` mv‡ne wePviK wbhy³ n‡jb Ges w¯’i nj, †mLvb †_‡K †Kv‡U©i iv¯Ív I kn‡ii gaëZx© mxgv‡iLv †mZz ch©šÍ Lvwj cv‡q †`Šov‡eb| RyZv¸wj GK e¨w³ Zz‡j ivL‡jb| cÖ_‡g GK e¨w³‡K cy‡ji Dci †cÖiY Kiv nj hv‡Z mv¶¨ w`‡Z cv‡i †h †K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Rqx n‡q‡Q| †mZzi Dci cÖ_‡g †cuŠ‡Q wgh©v mv‡ne Ges c‡i wejøv wmsn GKB mg‡q †`Š‡o| Abïv mvaviY MwZ‡Z wcQ‡b iIqvbv n‡jb| †mZzi Dci †cuŠ‡Q Rvbv †Mj nhiZ wgh©v mv‡neB Rqx n‡q‡Qb Ges wejøv wmsn wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q|2

MÖš’Kv‡ii webxZ wb‡e`b GB †h, D³ cÖKvi ag©xq gh©v`v m¤úwK©Z GKwU NUbv nhiZ †gŠjex BmgvCj knx` (in.) Gi Rxe‡bI N‡U| GKRb wkL mvZviæi mv‡_ Zvui cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡qwQj Ges wZwb Zv‡K civwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb|

gybwk wmivRDÏxb mv‡n‡ei mv¶¨ :ÔRwg`viÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K cÖwm× gymjgvb †bZv †gŠjex Rvdi Avjx Lvu mv‡n‡ei kª‡×q wcZv gybwk wmivRDÏxb mv‡ne giûg wj‡L‡Qb :

(1) Ôhviv Avgv‡ì c‡_ mvabv K‡i, wbðqB Avgiv Zv‡ì‡K Avgv‡ì c_ cÖ`k©b K‡i _vwKÓ (myiv AvbKveyZ, †kl AvqvZ)

(2) ÔwmivZzj-gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÐ, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 270-72 c„:|


Òwgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` mv‡ne m¤¢eZ 1860 A_ev 1861 wLªóv‡ã1 wkqvj‡KvU †Rjvq gynviivi wQ‡jb| Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ †hŠe‡bI wZwb cig mvay, ag©civqY I eyRyM© wQ‡jb| Awd‡mi KvR-K‡g©i ci Zvui me mgq ag©vbykxj‡b AwZevwnZ nZ| me©mvavi‡Yi mv‡_ AíB †gjv‡gkv Ki‡Zb|Ó2

PvKwi †Q‡o Kvw`qvb cÖZ¨vMg‡bi Rb¨ wcZvi wb‡`©k :nhiZ AvK`vm wkqvj‡KvU n‡Z PvKwi †Q‡o Avmvi KviY m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒAe‡k‡l, Avgvi Ab¨Î _vKv kª‡×q wcZvi Kv‡Q AZ¨šÍ Amnbxq n‡q DVj| GRb¨ Avgvi g‡Zi AbyK‚j Zvi Av‡`‡k Avwg c`Z¨vM K‡i Avgvi iæwP weiæ× GB PvKwi †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡i kª‡×q wcZvi †L`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z njvg| gmbex cÖ‡YZv iægxi Dw³ Abyhvqx Avgvi IB w`b¸wj AZ¨šÍ N„Yv, Awb”Qv Ges `y:‡L †K‡UwQj:

ÒAvwg mKj `‡j g‡bi gvby‡li mÜv‡b †Ku‡` wd‡iwQ| myLx I `ytLx mKj `‡jB wf‡owQ| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wbR ¯^v‡_© Avgvi eÜz †m‡R‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi AšÍ‡ii inm¨ †KD AbymÜvb Kij bvÓ|3

kª‡×qv gvZvi B‡šÍKvj -1868 mvj :Zvui kª‡×q wcZv hLb Zvu‡K c`Z¨vM K‡i N‡i cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©k †`b, ZLb Zvui kª‡×qv gvZv Kvw`qv‡b KwVb †iv‡M AvμvšÍ wQ‡jb| g‡b nq †ivM kh¨vq Zvui kª‡×qv gv Zvu‡K N‡i wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ Zvui kª‡×q wcZv‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib| cy‡Îi Rb¨ gvZvi AšÍ‡i AZ¨šÍ †mœn wQj| †Lv`vf³ wcÖq cyÎ `xN© Pvi eQi `~‡i _vKvq Zvui gb D`vm nIqv ¯^vfvweK wQj| wZwb hLb Ag„Zmi †cŠu‡Q Kvw`qv‡bi Rb¨ †Nvov Mvwoi e¨e¯’v KiwQ‡jb, ZLb Kvw`qvb †_‡K AviI GK e¨w³ Zvu‡K Avbvi Rb¨ Ag„Zmi

(1) mvj Ges eqm wbiƒc‡Y gybwk mv‡n‡ei ¯§iY kw³ wek¦¯ÍZv i¶v K‡iwb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zv 1864-68 wLªóv‡ãi GB NUbv|

(2) ÔRwg`viÕ cwÎKv, †g, 1908 mvj|(3) ÔwKZveyj evwiq¨v,Õ wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 153-55 c„: nvwkqv|


†cuŠQj| IB e¨w³ MvwoIqvjv‡K ejj, Ò`ªæZ Mvwo PvjvI| Zvui gv‡qi Ae¯’v Lvivc|Ó GKUz c‡i ejj, ÒLyeB m¼Uvcbœ wQj| ZvovZvwo Ki, cv‡Q Zvui g„Zz¨ bv nq _v‡K|Ó GUv †kvbvgvÎ wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h, Zvui kª‡×qv gvZv B‡šÍKvj K‡i‡Qb| Kvw`qvb †cŠu‡Q wbwðZfv‡e Rvb‡jb, Zvui kª‡×qv gvZv ci‡jvK Mgb K‡i‡Qb| ÒBbœv wjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDb|Ó1

ÒwbðqB Avgiv Avjøvi Rb¨ Ges wbðqB Avgiv ZvuiB w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b Kvix|Ó

hwÌ Zvui c‡¶ gvZ…we‡qvM fxlY †e`bv`vqK wQj, wKš‘ wZwb bxi‡e c~Y© âh© I ˆ¯’‡h©i mv‡_ GB gnv‡kvK m¤îY Ki‡jb| BwZc~‡e© ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Zvui kª‡×q wcZv Zvu‡K mvsmvwiK welq-K‡g© wbwj©ß Ges ag©MÖš’ mg~n cv‡V wbgMœ †`‡L Ò†gvjøvÓ e‡j WvK‡Zb | wKš‘ Gi wecix‡Z Zuvi kª‡×qv gvZv Zvi mZZv ag©civqYZv Ges cweÎ Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ Zvu‡K AZ¨šÍ †mœn Ki‡Zb| Zvui Rb¨ gvZvi Acvi †mœn wQj| ¶z`ª ¶z`ª e¨vcv‡i Zvui Rb¨ Aw¯’i n‡q co‡Zb| wZwb Zuvi hveZxq cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivL‡Zb| kª‡×qv gvZvi Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gvqv Gi gva¨‡g mn‡R Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, hLbB Zvui m¤^‡Ü wZwb †Kvb K_v ej‡Zb Zvui †PvL w`‡q AkÖæ Si‡Z _vKZ| Zvui Rxebx †jLK nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avjx Bidvbx mv‡ne (ivwh Avjøvû Avbû) cÖZ¨¶ eY©bv, GKevi ûhyi AvjvB‡nm mvjvg ågY Dcj‡¶ cvwievwiK cÖvPxb Kie¯’v‡bi w`‡K iIqvbv nb| iv¯Ív †_‡K m‡i wZwb Av‡eMf‡i Zvui gvZv mv‡nevi Ke‡ii cv‡k mnPiMYmn GK `xN© †`vqv Ki‡jb| Zvui `y †PvL AkÖæwm³ wQj|2

Zvui kª‡×qv gvZv nhiZ †PivM wewe mv‡nevi g„Zzï ZvwiL GLb ch©šÍ wbw`©óiƒ‡c Rvbv hvqwb| GUv wbwðZ 1868 mv‡j wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Zuv‡K Kvw`qv‡bi cwðg w`K¯’ C`Mv‡ni msjMœ cÖvPxb Lv›`vbx †Mvi¯’v‡b mgvwnZ Kiv nq|

cvi‡jŠwKK wel‡q nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡n‡ei AbyivM :nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg gyZ©hv mv‡ne hLb c~e©cyiæl‡ì m¤úwË D×v‡ii Rb¨ gvgjv †gvKÏgvq AeZxY© nb, ZLb Avcb K…ZKvh©Zv m¤^‡Ü Zvui m¤ú~Y© (1) ÔwmivZzj-gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÐ, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 43-44 c„:(2) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`, cÖ_g LÛ, wØZxq msL¨v 143 c„:|


cÖZ¨q wQj| wKš‘ `xN©Kvj a‡i GB me †gvKÏgvi UvbvUvwb‡Z wjß †_‡K hLb mdjZv jvf nj bv eis KivqË m¤úwË I mwÂZ ab webó n‡Z †`L‡Z †c‡jb, ZLb Zv‡K AZ¨šÍ wPšÍvwš^Z _vK‡Z †`Lv †hZ| Rxeb mw½bxi we‡qvM †e`bv Zv‡K AviI fvivμvšÍ K‡i Zzj‡jv|

nhiZ AvK`vm GB me NUbvi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡QbÒAvwg hLb Avgvi wcZvi †L`g‡Z cybivq Dcw¯’Z njvg, ZLb `¯‘i gZ IB me Rwg`vixi KvR-K‡g©B wb‡qvwRZ njvg| wKš‘ AwaKvsk mgq KziAvb kixd wb‡q wPšÍv Ges Zdmxi I nvw`‡mi wKZvemg~n covïbv K‡i KvU‡Z jvM‡jv| A‡bK mgq kª‡×q wcZv‡K IB me cy¯ÍK cvV K‡i †kvbvZvg| Iqv‡j` mv‡ne Zvi AK…ZKvh©Zvi Rb¨ cÖvqB †kvKvZ© I wPwšÍZ _vK‡Zb| †gvKÏgv cwiPvjbvq Zvi cÖvq 70 nvRvi UvKv e¨q n‡qwQj| cwiYv‡g, mdjZv jvf nqwb| KviY Avgv‡ì wcZ…-wcZvgn‡ì MÖvg¸‡jv eû eQi Av‡MB Avgv‡ì nvZQvov n‡qwQj Gme cybiæ×vi Kiv GK cÖKvi Lvg‡Lqvwj wQj| GB wedjZvi Kvi‡Y kª‡×q wcZv AZ¨šÍ Mfxi †kvK mšÍvc I Aw¯’iZvi g‡a¨ mgq AwZevwnZ KiwQ‡jb| GB me Ae¯’v †`‡L Avgvi wb‡Ri g‡a¨ GK cweÎ cwieZ©b Avbvi my‡hvM nj| KviY kª‡×q wcZvi welv`gq Rxe‡bi wPÎ Avgv‡K †mB wb®‹j¼ Rxeb jv‡fi wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡iwQj, hv cvw_©e c_ †_‡K cweÎ| hwÌ nhiZ wghv©© mv‡n‡ei f~m¤úwËi wKQz MÖvg Aewkó wQj Ges Bs‡iR miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K wKQz evwl©K e„wËI avh© wQj Ges PvKwi Kv‡ji †cb&kb wQj, wKš‘ wZwb †h, weË êfe †`‡LwQ‡jb †mB Zzjbvq G¸wj wKQzB wQj bv| GRb¨ wZwb me©`v wPšÍvwš^Z I welYœ _vK‡Zb Ges evisevi ej‡Zb, ÔGB cvw_©e msmv‡ii Rb¨ hZ †Póv K‡iwQ, hw` Avwg a‡g©i D‡Ï‡k¨ Abyiƒc †Póv KiZvg, Z‡e AvR m¤¢eZ Avwg GKRb ÔKzZzeÕ ev mgmvgwqK ÔMvDmÕ n‡Z cviZvgÕ| wZwb cÖvqB GB Qov Ave„wË Ki‡Zb :

(ÒRxeb AwZevwnZ nj, Avi K‡qKwU w`bgvÎ Aewkó Av‡Q| Zvu‡K ¯§iY K‡i wKQz iv‡Z KvbœvKvwU K‡i †fvi KivB †kªq|)

Avwg A‡bK mgq †`‡LwQ wZwb ¯îwPZ GKUv Qov M`M`fv‡e cvV Ki‡Zb| Zv wQj GB :


†n cwZZ cøveb, wbivkª‡qi Avkªq, †Zvgvi Øvi n‡Z wegyL n‡q †divi Avk¼v †bB|

KL‡bv AvšÍwiK †e`bvq ¯îwPZ G Kve¨c` cvV Ki‡Zb :

(f³‡ì AkÖæI `xbnxbZv mnAvgvi ü`q Zvui Z‡i i³ iÄ‡bi gv‡S Zvc jvf K‡i|Õ)1

Kcyi_jv iv‡Rï wk¶v wefv‡Mi D”PZi c` cÖZ¨vL¨vb :wkqvj‡KvU †_‡K Kvw`qvb Avmvi wKQzw`b c‡i nhiZ AvK`vm‡K Kcyi_jv iv‡Rï c¶ †_‡K wk¶v wefv‡Mi cÖavb KZ©vi c` MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avnevb Kiv nq| GB AvnŸvb cÖZ¨vL¨vb Dcj‡¶ wZwb Zvui wcZvi Kv‡Q wb‡e`b Ki‡jb:

ÒAvwg †Kvb PvKwi Ki‡Z PvB bv| `yB †Rvov LÏ‡ii Kvco ˆZwi K‡i w`‡eb Ges †hgb cQ›` iæwU cvwV‡q w`‡eb|Ó

Zvui kª‡×q wcZvi Rxe‡b ZLb my¯úó cwieZ©b N‡UwQj| cy‡Îi GB DËi ï‡b R‰bK †Mvjvg bex‡K Av‡eMf‡i m‡¤^vab c~e©K ej‡jb, ÔwgTv †Mvjvg bex, GB wel‡qB †Zv Avgvi mš‘wó| mZ¨ c_ GUvB †h c‡_ †m Pj‡Q|2

cvw_©e Sv‡gjv †_‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e gy³ _vKvi Rb¨ wcZvi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b :wcZvi gb cwieZ©b Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek †`‡L wZwb Abyfe Ki‡Z cvi‡jb †h, GLb Zvui Kv‡Q cvw_©e Sv‡gjv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Aemi cÖvwßi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡j m¤¢eZ: wZwb gÄyi Ki‡eb| e¯‘Z: GUv‡K myeY© my‡hvM g‡b K‡i wZwb kª‡×q wcZvi Kv‡Q dviwm fvlvq GKwU Av‡e`bcÎ wjL‡jb| wb‡gœ Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :

(1) ÔwKZveyj-evwiq¨v,Õ wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 155-56 c„:|(2) ÔnvqvZzb&-bex,Õ cÖ_g LÛ, wØZxq msL¨v, 185 c„:|


cÎwUi Abyev` GB :

Òkª‡×q nhiZ Iqv‡j` mv‡ne mvjvgZ,kª×vi mv‡_ Avcbvi †L`g‡Z †me‡Ki webxZ wb‡e`b GB †h, AvRKvj ¯^P‡¶ †`LwQ Ges cÖwZw`b cÖZ¨¶ KiwQ cÖ‡Z¨K †`k I f~-L‡Ð cÖwZ eQi Ggbfv‡e gnvgvwii cÖv`yf©ve n‡”Q, eÜz‡K eÜzi KvQ †_‡K Ges AvZ¥xq‡K AvZ¥x‡qi KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ Ki‡Q Ges Ggb †Kvb eQi hv‡”Q bv †h, fxlY AwMœKvÛ I fqven `yN©Ubv cÖKvk cv‡”Qbv ev Gi aŸsm-jxjvi gva¨‡g wKqvgZ m`„k¨ †Kvjvnj m„wó n‡”Q bv| GB me Ae¯’v †`‡L Avgvi gb msmvi weivMx n‡q †M‡Q, ü`q `yt‡L gwjb n‡q‡Q Ges cÖvqB nhiZ †kL mv`x wmivRx ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n iwPZ GB cOw³Øq ¯§iY n‡”Q Ges Av‡¶c I Aby‡kvPbvi AkÖæcvZ KiwQ †h :

bk¦i Rxe‡bi Dci fimv †Kv‡iv bv, Kvj-Pμ †_‡K †eLei †_‡Kv bv|

dviiæL Kvw`qvbxi1 Ôw`IqvbÕ †_‡KI GB cOw³Øq Avgvi KvuUv Nv‡q jeY

(1) ÔwmiZzj gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÐ, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 255-56 c„: Ges Ô`vIqvZzj-Avgxi,Õ (D`y©) 261 c„:|

1


wQUv w`‡”Q :

bk¦i RM‡Zi g‡a¨ gb w`‡e bv KviY g„Zz¨ ˆèvr Dcw¯’Z nq|

GRb¨ Avwg PvB, Aewkó Rxeb wbR©‡b, bxie K‡¶ hvcb Kwi Ges RbmvaviY I Zv‡ì gRwjm †_‡K `~‡i _vwK Ges cweÎ Avjøvn ZvAvjv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z wbgMœ nB †hb G w`‡q AZx‡Zi ÎæwU c~iY nq|

AwaKvsk Rxeb AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q,K‡qKwU w`bgvÎ Aewkó Av‡Q| GB ivZ¸‡jv Avjøvn‡K ¯§i‡Y †fvi KivB †kªq|

KviY, c„w_exi †Kvb `„pwfwË †bB Ges Rxe‡bi †Kvb wek¦vm †bB| ¶wYK Rxe‡bi †Kvb fimv †bB| †h e¨w³ wb‡Ri m¤^‡Ü wPšÍvkxj, Zvi †Kvb wec‡ì Avk¼v †bB|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi kª‡×q wcZv GB c‡Îi wK DËi w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv AvR ch©šÍ Rvbv hvqwb| wKš‘ Lye m¤¢e GB c‡Î †h g~jëvb fvev‡eM cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, wZwb wbðqB Gi gh©v`v i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb|

AvaywbK M‡elYv g~‡j me©cª_g Bjnvg Ges D¾¡j fwel¨r :1868 A_ev 1869 wLªóv‡ãi NUbv| cvÄv‡e Avn‡j nv`xm m¤cÖ`v‡qi weiæ‡× ZLb fxlY Av‡›`vjb PjwQj| hw` †Kvb gmwR‡ì †gvjøv Rvb‡Z cviZ †h, †Kvb Avn‡j-nv`xm (Zv‡ì fvlvq †Kvb ÔInvexÕ) bvgvh c‡o‡Q, Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb mgq gmwR‡ì †g‡S ch©šÍ Luy‡o †d‡j †`qv A_ev ay‡q †djv nZ| IB mg‡q †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex, w`jøx †_‡K †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb †`njexi Kv‡Q wk¶v jvf †k‡l evUvjvq m‡e gvÎ wd‡i G‡m‡Qb| gymjgvb Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ Zvi weiæ‡× fxlY D‡ËRbvi m„wó n‡q‡Q| nhiZ AvK`vm †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ evUvjv wM‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ we‡kl Aby‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y GK e¨w³ Zvu‡K †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z wb‡q hvb| †mLv‡b †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei wcZvI Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| ag© wel‡q Av‡jvPbv †kvbvi Rb¨ eû †jvK e¨vKzj n‡q A‡c¶v KiwQj| wZwb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei mvg‡b wM‡q em‡jb Ges †gŠjex mv‡ne‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ÒAvcbvi `vwe wK?Ó

(1) IB mgq nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg GB ÔKve¨ bvgÕ eënvi Ki‡Zb Ges GB cswZØq ZvuiB iwPZ|


†gŠjex mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÒAvgvi g‡Z KziAvb gRx` mK‡ji cÖavb Ges Zvi ci imyj (mv.) Gi nvw`‡mi ¯’vb; Ges Avgvi AwfgZ n‡jv, Avjøvni wKZve Ges Avjøvni imyj (mv.) Gi nvw`‡mi weiæ‡× †Kvb gvby‡li †Kvb gZvgZ cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| GB K_v ï‡b Am‡¼v‡P ûhyi ej‡jb, ÒAvcbvi GB gZ m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K Ges Gi weiæ‡× AvcwË APj| myZivs Avcbvi mv‡_ Z‡K©i cÖ‡qvRb †bB|Ó ûhyi GwU ejv gvÎ RbZv Db¥v‡ì gZ wPrKvi K‡i DVj, ÒcivwRZ n‡q‡Q,Ó ÒcivwRZ n‡q‡Q|Ó †h e¨w³we‡kl Abybq K‡i Zvu‡K †mLv‡b G‡bwQj, †m-I LyeB ivMvwš^Z n‡q ej‡jv, ÒAvcwb Avgv‡ì‡K Acgvb K‡i‡Qb, jvwÃZ K‡i‡Qb|Ó wKš‘ wZwb ce©‡Zi g‡Zv APj, AUj iB‡jb| †jv‡Ki †Kvjvnj, Kjie Zvu‡K Av‡`Š wePwjZ Ki‡jv bv| †h‡nZz wZwb GB ZK© ïay Avjøvni D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb, †m Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjv GB e¨vcv‡i mš‘ó n‡q Zvu‡K Bjnvg K‡i Rvbv‡jb :

(Ò‡Lv`v †Zvgvi GB Kv‡R mš‘ó n‡q‡Qb Ges wZwb †Zvgv‡K eû Avwkm cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Ggb wK, ev`kvn †Zvgvi Kvco †_‡K Avwkm AbymÜvb Ki‡e|Ó) AZtci, Kvk‡d wZwb IB mKj ev`kvn‡KI `k©b K‡ib| Zviv 6/7 R‡bi †P‡q Kg wQ‡jb bv| Zviv †Nvovq e‡mwQ‡jb| ûhyi AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg Zvui GKwU Aviwe †KZv‡e GB Kvkd cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb :

ÔAvwg GKwU ïf ¯^‡cœ GK `j wbôvevb †gv‡gb I b¨vqcivqY ev`kvn †`‡LwQ| Zv‡ì †KD GB †`‡ki (fviZe‡l©i) wQ‡jb, †KD wQ‡jb Avi‡ei, †KD cvi‡mï, †KD wmwiqvi, †KD Zzi‡¯‹i Ges †KD Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki wQ‡jb| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K RvbZvg bv| AZ:ci, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K Avgv‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡jv ÔZviv †Zvgvi mZ¨Zv †NvlYv Ki‡eb, †Zvgvi Dci Cgvb Avb‡eb, †Zvgvi cÖwZ ìƒ` cvV Ki‡eb, †Zvgvi Rb¨ †`vqv Ki‡eb Ges Avwg †Zvgv‡K eû eiKZ (Avwkm) wè-Ggb wK, ev`kvn †Zvgvi Kvco †_‡K Avwkm AbymÜvb Ki‡eb|Õ2

GB Bjnvg m¤^‡Ü Avgiv Avgv‡ì †Kvb gšÍe¨ Kie bv| †KejgvÎ GUzKz

(1) Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqv,Õ PZz_© LÐ, 52-21 c„: nvwkqv I Ab¨vb¨ eû †KZve|(2) ÔjvR&vbvZzb b~i,Õ 3-4 c„: n‡Z Abyw`Z|

1


wb‡e`b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Kwi †h, Zv IB mgqKvi Bjnvg, hLb wZwb m¤ú~Y© AÁvZfv‡e wbR©‡b evm Ki‡Zb Ges †KD RvbZ bv †h, Zvui fwel¨r wKiƒc †MŠiegq n‡e|

¯^cœ I Kvk‡di AvwaK¨ Ges Kvw`qv‡bi wn›`y‡ì Rb¨ wb`k©bvewj :Bgvg gvn`xi Avwef©v‡ei mgq wbKUeZx© nw”Qj| c_åó gvbe RvwZi c_ cÖ`k©bv‡_© wek¦ mªóv Zvu‡K cÖZ¨vw`ó cyiæ‡li Avm‡b AwawôZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| GRb¨ wZwb Zvu‡K eûj cwigv‡Y ¯^cœ I Kvkd cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| KL‡bv KL‡bv wZwb Hkx-evYxI cÖvß n‡Z jvM‡jb| Kvw`qv‡bi `yÕRb wn›`y jvjv kigcr I jvjv gjvIqvgvj Zvui Kv‡Q Lye †ewk hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì m¤^‡ÜI wKQz wb`k©b Zvui Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ nj|

1870 mv‡j GK gvgjvq Kvw`qv‡bi GKRb Avh© mgvRx wn›`y, jvjv kigc‡Zi AvZ¥xq wek¦¤¢i `vm Ges Lyknvj Pv›` bvgK Av‡iv GKRb wn›`yi Kviv`Ð n‡qwQj| D”P Av`vj‡Z Zviv Avwcj K‡ib| Avwc‡ji dj wK n‡e Rvbvi Rb¨ jvjv kigcr nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Kij| Zvui c‡¶ GK wn›`yi Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi †kªôZ¡ wba©vi‡Yi GUv DrK…ó my‡hvM wQj| wZwb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi mgx‡c †`vqv Ki‡jb| iv‡Z Kvk&d-‡hv‡M Zvu‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡jv GB gvgjvq bw_ wPd& †KvU© †_‡K †mkb †Kv‡U© †dir Avm&‡e| †mLv‡b Zvi fvB‡ì Kviv`‡Ði A‡a©K gvd n‡q hv‡e| wKš‘ Zvi Aci mv_x m¤ú~Y© kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡e| GB Hkx msev` Kvw`qv‡bi wn›`y‡ì‡K ejv n‡j, NUbvμ‡g eySvi †Kvb †Mvjgv‡ji Kvi‡Y K‡qK w`b c‡i GB Rbie cÖPvwiZ nj Avwcj gÄyi n‡q‡Q Ges wek¦¤¢i `vm Lvjvm †c‡q‡Q| nhiZ GB Lei ï‡b `y:wLZ n‡jb| Kvw`qv‡bi wn›`yiv wN-evwZ R¡vwj‡q Av‡jvK m¾¡v Kij Ges fwel¨ØvYx wg_¨v n‡q‡Q e‡j †NvlYv Kij| evRv‡i G ch©šÍ iU‡jv †h, Acivaxiv MÖv‡g wd‡i G‡m‡Q| wZwb hLb GB Lei †c‡jb, ZLb GÕkvi bvgv‡hi cÖ¯‘wZi mgq|

ûhyi e‡jb :

ÒGB wPšÍvq Avgvi †h Ae¯’v nj, Zv GKgvÎ Avjøvn& Rv‡bb| GB wPšÍvq Avwg Rxeb¥„Z ¯îƒc njvg| Avwg eyS‡Z cviwQjvg bv, Avwg wK RxweZ, bv g„Z| Ggwb Ae¯’vq bvgvh ïiæ nj! †mR`vq hLb wM‡qwQ, ZLb Bjnvg nj, A_©vr, Ô†kvK K‡iv bv, ZzwgB Rqx n‡eÕ| ZLb Avwg


kigcZ‡K Gi msev` †`B| ZLb cÖK…Z NUbv Rvbv †Mj Avwcj `v‡qi n‡q‡Q gvÎ| wek¦¤¢i `vm gyw³ jvf K‡iwb|1

c‡i ZvB nj, hv my¯úó fwel¨ØvYx Øviv Avgv‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj| wn›`yiv Avðh©vwš^Z I nZf¤^ n‡q coj|

cÖm½μ‡g jvjv gjvIqvgvj m¤^‡ÜI GKwU wb`k©b ewY©Z nj| Zvwi‡Li w`K w`‡q GUv 1881 mv‡ji NUbv| jvjv gjvIqvgvj `xN© Kvj hveZ ¶q †iv‡M fyMwQ‡jb| †ivM KwVb n‡q co‡j ˆbivk¨ Rb¥v‡jv| ZLb wbiæcvq n‡q wZwb GKw`b nhiZ mv‡n‡ei †L`g‡Z G‡m Kvu`‡Z jvM‡jb|

ûhyi e‡jb :

ÒZvi Amnvq Ae¯’v †`‡L Avgvi gb M‡j †M‡jv| Avwg GK, AwØZxq Avjøvni ìev‡i Zvui Rb¨ †`vqv Kijvg| †Lv`vi Kv‡Q Zvui Av‡ivM¨ jvf wbw`©ó wQj e‡j †`vqv Kivi m‡½ m‡½B Bjnvg n‡jv A_©vr, ÔAvgiv R¡ivwMœ‡K ejjvg, Zzwg kxZj I wbivgq nI|Ó ZLwb †mB wn›`y Ges Av‡iv K‡qKRb wn›`y‡K GB BjnvgwU Rvbv‡bv nq| Zviv GL‡bv GB MÖv‡g Dcw¯’Z Av‡Q Ges MÖv‡giB Awaevmx| Avwg †Lv`vi Dci m¤ú~Y© fimv K‡i `vwe Kijvg IB wn›`y wkðqB Zvici Av‡ivM¨ jvf Ki‡e Ges GB †iv‡M gi‡e bv| AZtci GK mßvnI AwZevwnZ nqwb, DwjøwLZ wn›`y GB cÖvYbvkK †ivM †_‡K gy³ n‡q c~Y© ¯^v¯’¨ jvf Ki‡jb| Avjnvg`y wjjøv‡n Avjv hv‡jKv|Ó2

jvjv gvjvIqvgvj Kvw`qv‡bi GKRb m¤£všÍ Avh© wQ‡jb| hwÌ wZwb Ges jvjv kigcr kZ kZ wb`k©b †`‡LI Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ibwb, Zey cvw_©e w`K w`‡q Zviv f`ªfv‡e Rxebhvcb K‡ib| jvjv gvjvIqvgvj `xN© 95 eQi eq‡m †`k wefv‡Mi K‡qK eQi ci Kvw`qv‡b Bnjxjv Z¨vM K‡ib| wZwb Zvi mšÍvb‡ì‡K Dc‡`k w`‡q †M‡Qb Ôwgh©v mv‡n‡ei fwel¨ØvYx Abymv‡i Zvi cwiev‡ii †jv‡Kiv wbðq Kvw`qv‡b cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡eb| myZivs, †Zvgiv Kvw`qv‡bi eZ©gvb Avng`xM‡Yi weiæ×vPiY K‡iv bv|Ó

jvjv gvjvIqvgvj Kvw`qv‡bi wn›`y evRv‡i Zvi †`vKv‡b cÖvqB e‡m _vK‡Zb Ges nhiZ AvK`vm †Kvb †Kvb †iv‡Mi †h mKj eë¯’vcÎ Ki‡Zb, IB

(1) ÔKvw`qvb‡K Avwiqv AvIi nvg,Õ 28-29 c„:|(1) Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqv,Õ Z…Zxq LÐ, 227-28 c„:, Ônvwkqv-ì-nvwkqvÕ|


mKj Ilya cÖ¯‘Z K‡i wewμ Ki‡Zb| Avng`x eÜzMYI IB me Ilya μq Ki‡Zb Ges Zvi Kv‡Q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖ_g Rxe‡bi NUbvejx ïb‡Zb|

Kvk‡d c~e©eZx© †Kvb †Kvb eyRy‡M©i mv‡_ mv¶vrjvf :1872 mv‡j nhiZ AvK`vm ¯^cœ‡hv‡M nhiZ Cmv gwmn AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi mv‡_ GKB cv‡Î Avnvi K‡ib Ges ü`¨Zvi mv‡_ evK¨vjvc K‡ib|1 GB mg‡q cÖvqB nhiZ evev bvbK mv‡ne ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡ni mv‡_ ¯^cœ‡hv‡M Zvui †`Lv nq| wZwb wb‡R‡K gymjgvb e‡j cÖKvk K‡ib|2

1875 mv‡j wZwb nhiZ ˆmq` Ave`yj Kv‡ì wRjvbx ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡ni mv‡_ ¯^cœ‡hv‡M mv¶vr jvf K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K Rvbv‡bv nq †h Zvui Ges ˆmq` Avãyj Kv‡ì wRjvbxi AvZ¥vi ¯^vfvweK e„wË¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ci¯úi mvgÄm¨ we`¨gvb|3

AvU bq gvme¨vcx †ivRv Ges ¯^Mx©q †R¨vwZi AeZiY :1875 mv‡ji †kl fv‡M, A_ev 1876 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z GKRb e„×, cweÎ `k©b eyRyM© ¯^‡cœ Zvui Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nb| wZwb ej‡jb Ò¯^M©xq †R¨vwZg©vjv cÖvwßi Rb¨ wKQzw`b †ivhv ivLv bexM‡Yi wPišÍb wbqg|Ó Gi Øviv wZwb m‡¼Z Ki‡jb ÒAvwg †hb wimvjZ cwiev‡ii ixwZ cvjb Kwi|Ó e¯‘Z:, wZwb AvU bq gvm a‡i ms‡Mvc‡b †ivhv ivLvi gva¨‡g mvabv K‡ib| G m¤ú‡K© wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒmyZivs Avwg wKQz mgq a‡i wbqwgZfv‡e †ivhv ivLv h_vh_ g‡b Kijvg| wKš‘ m‡½ m‡½ GB fv‡ei D`q nj †h, GwU †Mvc‡b cvjb Kiv †kªq| Avwg GB eë¯’v Kijvg myZivs Ni †_‡K êVKLvbvq Lvevi AvbvZvg Ges Zv †Mvc‡b †Kvb †Kvb GwZg †Q‡j‡K `vb KiZvg Zv‡ì‡K c~‡e©B wVK K‡i h_vmg‡q Dcw¯’Z _vKvi Rb¨ Avwg ZvwM` K‡i w`‡qwQjvg| GBfv‡e mvivw`b †ivhvq AwZevwnZ KiZvg Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjv Qvov GB †ivhv¸wj m¤^‡Ü †KD RvbZ bv| 2/3 mßvn c‡i Avwg eyS‡Z cvijvg GK‡ejv c~Y© Avnv‡i †ivhv _vKvq Avgvi †Kvb Kó nq bv| GRb¨ Avnv‡ii cwigvY wKQz

(1) Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqv,Õ Z…Zxq LÐ, 253 c„:, Ônwkqv-ì-nvwkqvÕ|(2) Ôblyjyj&-gwmn&Õ, 204 c„:|(3) Ôhvwggv‡q-evivnx‡b-Avng`xqv,Õ cÂg LÐ, 65 c„:, nwkqv|


n«vm Kiv DËg we‡ePbv Kijvg| myZivs Avwg †mw`b †_‡K Lvev‡ii cwigvY n«vm Ki‡Z jvMjvg| Ggb wK w`‡biv‡Z ïay GKwU iæwUB h‡_ó nZ| GBfv‡e Avwg Avnvi n«vm Ki‡Z jvMjvg| Ae‡k‡l, AvU cÖn‡ii ci h_vm¤¢e K‡qK †Zvjv iæwU gvÎ Avgvi Avnvh© iBj| m¤¢eZ:, AvU-bq gvm a‡i Avwg Giƒc Kijvg| `yÕ wZb gv‡mi wkïI †h Lv‡`¨ âh© aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †miƒc Aí Avnvi m‡Ë¡I †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgv‡K mKj cÖKvi Avc`-wec` n‡Z i¶v Ki‡jb| G iKg †ivhvi d‡j Avwg †h mKj we¯§qKi AwfÁZv jvf Kijvg, Zv m~² ÔgyKvkvdvZÕ ev Ava¨vwZ¥K `k©b jvf wQj, hv IB mg‡q Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ nq| `„óvšÍ¯îƒc, †Kvb †Kvb c~e©eZx© bexi mv‡_ mv¶vr jvf nq Ges GB D¤§‡Z †h mKj D”P †kªYxi AvDwjqv MZ n‡q‡Qb Zvu‡ì mv‡_I mv¶vr nq| GKevi m¤ú~Y© RvMÖZ Ae¯’vq Rbve imyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg, Bgvg nvmvb I ûmv‡qb ivwh Avjøvû Avbû, nhiZ Avjx ivwh Avjøvû Avbû Ges nhiZ dv‡Zgv ivwh Avjøvû Avbnvi `k©b jvf Kwi| GUv ¯^cœ wQj bv| GK cÖKvi RvMÖZ Ae¯’v wQj| e¯‘Z:, Gfv‡e †Kvb †Kvb cweÎ e¨w³i mv¶vr cvB Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z †M‡j A‡bK `xN© n‡q co‡e| GQvovI ÔAvbIqv‡i iænvbxÕ ÑAva¨vwZ¥K †R¨vwZg©vjv ÑiƒcKfv‡e meyR I i³eY© ¯Í¤¢vKvi Ggb g‡bvig I g‡bvni `„kïƒ‡c `k©b jvf nZ, hv eY©bvZxZ| †mB †R¨vwZg©q ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv †mvRv Da© AvKv‡ki w`‡K P‡j wM‡qwQj| Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †KvbwU ï‡åv¾¡j, †Kvb †KvbwU meyR Ges †KvbwU †Nvi jvj wQj| g‡bi mv‡_ G‡ì Ggb m¤^Ü wQj †h Zv‡ì‡K †`‡L ü`q Avb‡›` we‡fvi n‡q †hZ| Gmg¯Í †`‡L ü`q I AvZ¥v Ggb Avb›` jvf KiZ, hvi Zzjbv RM‡Z bvB| Avgvi g‡Z, †mB ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv †Lv`v Ges ev›`vi †cÖ‡gi ms‡hvM GK cÖKvi iƒcK AvK…wZ‡Z cÖKvwkZ Kiv n‡qwQj| A_©vr Zv GK †R¨vwZt wQj hv Da© n‡Z wb‡gœ AeZiY K‡iwQ‡jv I Df‡qi wgj‡b ¯Í¤¢vK…wZ aviY K‡iwQj| G¸‡jv Ava¨vwZ¥K I iænvbx welq| RMZ Zv AeMZ bq| wKš‘ c„w_ex‡Z Ggb e¨w³ivI Av‡Qb, hviv GB me wel‡q AewnZ n‡q _v‡Kb|

Òhv †nvK, GB cwigvY †ivhv ivLvi d‡j Avgvi Kv‡Q †h mKj Avðh© welq cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj Zv wQj bvbv cÖKv‡ii ÔgyKvkvdvZÕ ev Ava¨vwZ¥K `k©b|Ó1

(1) ÔwKZveyj-evwiq¨v,Õ 164-66 c„:, cvÙxKv|


nhiZ Avãyjøvn MRbex I wKQz Ab¨vb¨ eyRy‡M©i mv‡_ mv¶vr :G mg‡q nhiZ AvK`vm †Kvb †Kvb eyRy‡M©i mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ mdi K‡ib Ges Zvui Kv‡QI Avjøvn IqvjvM‡Yi hvZvqvZ ïiæ nq| ms‡¶‡c, wb‡gœ Avgiv GKRb gvÎ eyRy‡M©i K_v ejwQ| wZwb wQ‡jb nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn& MRbex mv‡ne| GB eyRyM© AvdMvwb¯’v‡bi MRbx †Rjvi Aax‡b wM‡iv bvgK cjøx‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Gev`Z †Mvhvi wQ‡jb| m`v Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¯§i‡Y wbgMœ _vK‡Zb| imyj (m.)-Gi Av‡kK wQ‡jb| GKwU ¯^‡cœ wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb Ômnxn& eyLvix a~jve„ZÕ| ¯^‡cœi g‡a¨B wZwb Zv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| GB ¯^cœ `k©‡bi ci wZwb mnxn eyLvix AwaK cvV ïiæ K‡ib| MRbxi Rv‡jg DjvgvMY Zvi GB Ae¯’v `k©‡b Zv‡K ÒInvexÓ e‡j †NvlYv K‡i Zvi weiæ‡× Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv †`q| Zvi gy‡L Kvwj †jcb K‡i Mvavi wc‡V ewm‡q Zv‡K †`k †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i| G‡Z wZwb wnRiZ K‡i Ag„Zmi Avm‡jb|1 GB eyRy‡M©i mv‡_ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv¶vr nq|

nhiZ AvK`vm GB mv¶vr cÖm‡½ e‡jb :ÒnhiZ Avãyjøvn MRbexi RxeÏkvq GKevi L‡qi`x Ges GKevi Ag„Zm‡i Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi †`Lv nq| Avwg Zv‡K ejjvg, ÔAvcwb Bjnvg cÖvß n‡q _v‡Kb| Avgvi GKwU D‡Ïk¨ Av‡Q| Gi Rb¨ Avcwb †`vqv Ki‡eb| wKš‘ D‡Ïk¨wU wK, Avwg Avcbv‡K eje bvÕ| wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†Mvcb ivLv Kj¨vYKi| Avwg Bb&kvAvjøvn& †`vqv Kie| Bjnvg B”Qvaxb bqÕ| Avgvi D‡Ïk¨wU wQj Øx‡b gynv¤§`x AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg w`b w`b AebwZi w`‡K hv‡”Q, †Lv`v Gi mnvq †nvb| Zvici Avwg Kvw`qvb P‡j hvB| Aíw`b c‡i, WvK‡hv‡M Zvi wPwV cvB, Zv‡Z wjLv wQj, ÔGB Aag Avcbvi Rb¨ †`vqv K‡iwQj| BjKv n‡q‡Q

(Avgv‡ì‡K Kv‡di‡ì weiæ‡× mvnvh¨ Ki)| GZ wkMwMi Bjnvg nIqvi my‡hvM GB Aag AíB jvf K‡i‡Q| GUv Avcbvi AvšÍwiKZvi d‡j n‡q‡Q †`LwQ|Ó2 GUv wQj cÖv_wgK cÖKvk| bZzev Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Av‡`‡k wZwb c‡i Zuvi GKRb f³ gyix` gybwk gynv¤§` BqvKze mv‡ne‡K G ch©šÍI e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒnhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne Avgvi c‡i GK weivU Kv‡Ri Rb¨

(1)Ôwmiv‡Z mv‡bvqx,Õ †gŠjex Ave`yj gwR` mv‡ne †mvnìex cÖYxZ|(2) nwKKZzj&-Inx,Õ cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, 239-40 c„:|


cÖZ¨vw`ó n‡eb|Ó Zuvi g„Zzï K‡qKw`b Av‡M 1881 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z wZwb Avjøn ZvAvjvi KvQ †_‡K Kvk&d‡hv‡M msev` jvf K‡i fwel¨ØvYx K‡ib :

ÒGKwU †RvwZ¨: AvKvk †_‡K Kvw`qv‡bi w`‡K AeZiY Ki‡Q| wKš‘ `y:‡Li welq, Avgvi mšÍvbiv GUv †_‡K ewÂZ _vK‡e|Ó1

e¯‘Z:, nhiZ †gŠjex MRbex mv‡n‡ei GB fwel¨ØvYx c~Y© n‡q‡Q| Zvi mšÍvbiv nhiZ AvK`vm‡K ïay MÖn‡Yi ‡mŠfvM¨ †_‡KB ewÂZ nqwb, eis Zvi weiæ×vPi‡YI AMÖeZx© fywgKv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| nhiZ †gŠjex MRbex mv‡ne 1881 mv‡ji 15B †deªæqvwi g„ZzëiY K‡ib Ges Ag„Zm‡ii evB‡i myjZvbwe‡Û mgvwa¯’ nb| dv-Bbœv wjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wcZvi B‡šÍKvj, Ryb 1886 :1886 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡mi cÖ_g fv‡M nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU gvgjvi e¨vcv‡i jv‡nvi hvb| wZwb ZLb jv‡nv‡iB wQ‡jb, GKwU ¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g Zvu‡K Rvbvb nj †h, Zvui wcZvi g„Zzï mgq wbKUeZ©x| G m¤^‡Ü wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒAvwg GB ¯^cœ †`Lvi ci ZvovZvwo Kvw`qvb †cuŠQjvg Ges Avgvi wcZv‡K Avgvkq †iv‡M AvμvšÍ †`Ljvg| wKš‘ Giƒc †Kvb Avk¼v wQjbv †h Avgvi Avmvi ciw`bB wZwb ci‡jvKMgb Ki‡eb| KviY, †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc cÖkwgZ n‡qwQj Ges wZwb Lye kvšÍfv‡e e‡m _vK‡Zb| ciw`b `ycyi †ejv Avgiv mg¯Í AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb Zvi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z wQjvg| ZLb wgh©v mv‡ne `qvciek n‡q Avgv‡K ej‡jb ÔGLb, Zywg wM‡q GKUz Avivg KiÕ| ZLb Ryb gvm| cÖPÛ Mig| Avwg wekªv‡gi Rb¨ GKwU †PŠevivq †Mjvg| GKRb Lv‡`g cv `vevw”Qj| BwZg‡a¨ mvgvb¨ Z›`ªvjy fve G‡j Avgvi Kv‡Q Bjnvg nj, A_©vr, ÔAvKv‡ki Kmg, KviY AvKvk Kvhv K`‡ii (Hkx wggvsmv I weav‡bi) Drm| Ges †mB NUbvi Kmg, hv m~h©v‡¯Íi ci msNwUZ n‡eÕ| Avgv‡K eySvb nj †h, G Bjnvg †Lv`v ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K †kvKv‡Z©i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki AvKv‡i n‡q‡Q Ges `yN©Ubv GB †h AvRB kª‡×q wcZv m~h©v‡¯Íi ci Bnavg Z¨vM Ki‡eb| myenvbvjøvn †Lv`vI‡›` Avhxg, gnvcÖfyi wKev gwngv! Rxeb bó nIqvi AbyZv‡c GK e¨w³ cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡Qb| Zvi ci‡jvKMgb †kvK mnvbyfywZm~PK fvlvq

(2) ÔnvqvZzb-bex, cÖ_g LÛ, 80-82 c„:|


ewY©Z nj| G‡Z AwaKvsk e¨w³B Avðh©¨ †eva Ki‡e †Lv`v ZvAvjv KZ…©K †kvKv‡Z©i Rb¨ mnvbyfywZ cÖKv‡ki A_© wK? wKš‘ ¯§iY ivLv KZ©e¨ †h nhiZ Avqhv I Rvjøv kvbyû, gnvgwngvgq †Lv`v hLb KvD‡K K…cvi `„wó‡Z †`‡Lb, ZLb GKRb eÜzi b¨vq Zvi mv‡_ Giƒc eënvi K‡ib| D`vniY ¯îƒc, nvw`m mg~‡n Avjøvn ZvAvjvi mynv‡mï K_v ewY©Z Av‡Q| ZvI GB A‡_©B|Ó1

e¯‘Z: nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wcZv †mBw`bB m~h©v‡¯Íi ci ci‡jvKMgb K‡i| Ôdv-Bbœv wjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ| Zuv‡K Kvw`qv‡bi gmwR` AvKmvi GK †Kv‡Y `vdb Kiv nq| Gwel‡q c‡i ejv n‡e| BbkvAvjøvn ZvAvjv|

wcZvi B‡šÍKv‡ji ci Hkx ZË¡veavb :wcZvi B‡šÍKv‡j †kvKvwff~Z nIqv ¯^vfvweK wQj| gvbe cÖK…wZ myjf ¯^vfvweK `ye©jZvekZ: wb‡g‡li Rb¨ Zvui g‡b GB wPšÍvi D`q n‡jv †h, Av‡qi †h me Dcvq Zvui wcZvi RxeÏkvq Zvi mv‡_ mswkøó wQj, †m¸‡jv eÜ nIqvq bv Rvwb KZ Amyweavi m„wó n‡e| GB wPšÍv nIqv gvÎB wZwb cybivq Inx jvf Ki‡jb, A_©vr ÔAvjøvn wK Zvui ev›`vi Rb¨ h‡_ó bb ?Ó ûhyi e‡jb:

ÒGB Bjnvg Øviv Avwg AZ¨vðvh© mvšÍ¡bv jvf Kijvg| †jvnvi †c‡i‡Ki gZ GUv Avgvi AšÍ:Ki‡Y cÖ‡ek Kij| myZivs †mB gnvgwngvwš^Z, Avh&hv Iqv Rvjøv †Lv`vi Kmg, hvui nv‡Z Avgvi Rxeb i‡q‡Q, wZwb Zvui mymsevèvnx Bjnvg Gfv‡e Avgv‡K mZ¨ K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb Avwg Zv KíbvI Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| wZwb Avgvi Ggb ZË¡veavb K‡i‡Qb †h, †Kvb wcZv KL‡bv Zv Ki‡Z cviZ bv| Avgvi cÖwZ wZwb AbeiZ Ggb Avwkm el©Y K‡i‡Qb †h Zv MYbv Kiv Avgvi mva¨vZxZ|Ó2

GB BjnvgwUi g‡a¨ GK weivU fwel¨ØvYx wbwnZ wQj| wZwb Zr¶Yvr jvjv gvjvIqvgvj mv‡ne‡K mg¯Í wel‡q Ly‡j ej‡jb Ges Ag„Zm‡i nvwKg gynv¤§` kixd Kvjvbyix mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q Zv‡K cvVv‡jb †hb wZwb G kã¸‡jv †Lv`vB K‡i GKwU AvswU evwb‡q cvwV‡q †`b| gvjvIqvgvj mv‡ne Ag„Zmi wM‡q bM` cvuP UvKvq GKwU AvswU ˆZwi K‡i Avb‡jb| Gfv‡e GKRb wn›`y

(1) ÔwKZveyjj&-evwiq¨v,Õ cvÙxKv, 159-61 c„:|(2) ÔwKZveyj evwiq¨vÕ, 162-63 c„|


Ges GKRb gymjgvb, fviZe‡l©i cÖavb `yB RvwZi cÖwZwbwaiƒ‡c GB ÔAvhxgyk&kvbÕ wb`k©‡bi mv¶x n‡q iB‡jb|

GB AvswU GLbI nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` LwjdvZzj& gmxn mvbx Avq¨v`vûjøvû-ZvAvjv †ebvm&wiwnj& Avhx‡hi Kv‡Q Av‡Q| m¤úwË e›U‡b G AvswU Zvui fv‡M c‡o‡Q| GB AvswU Qvov nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q Av‡iv `yÕwU AvswU wQj| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU 1892 wLªóv‡ã evbv‡bv nq Gi Dci nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB BjngwU †Lv`vBKiv wQj :

A_©vr Ô‡Lv`vi †bqvgZ‡K ¯§iY Ki, hv wZwb †Zvgv‡K w`‡q‡Qb| †Zvgvi Rb¨ ingZ Ges Kzì‡Zi (K…cv I gwngvi) wfwË wbR nv‡Z ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Aci AvswU 1906 mv‡j evbv‡bv nq| wkqvj‡KvU †Rjvi AšÍM©Z ebev‡Rqv bvgK ¯’v‡bi GKwU gyL‡jm ¯^Y©Kvi nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q ûhy‡ii Rb¨ GKwU AvswU evbv‡bvi Av‡e`b K‡i Ges Gi Dci wK wjL‡Z n‡e wRÁvmv Ki‡j ûhyi (Avgv‡ì eÜz I cÖfy †Lv`v h‡_ó) wjLevi AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi g„Zzï wKQzw`b ci nhiZ D¤§yj- gy‡gbxb (iv.) GB AvswU¸‡jv jUvwii gva¨‡g e›Ub Ki‡jb| Avð‡h©i welq, K‡qKevi jUvwi Øviv GKB dj nj| A_v©r cÖ_g AvswU nhiZ Avgxiæj gy‡gbxb LwjdvZzj gmxn& mvbx AvBq¨v`vûjøvû-ZvAvjvi bv‡g DV‡jv| wØZxq AvswUwU nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡n‡ei bv‡g DVj Ges Z…Zxq AvswUwU nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v kixd Avng` mv‡n‡ei bv‡g DVj Ges GBfv‡e e›Ub m¤úbœ Kiv nj|

ÔgmwR` AvKmviÕ cv‡k wcZvi `vdb :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wcZv gmwR` AvKmvi cv‡k wPwýZ ¯’v‡b mgvwnZ nb| GB gmwR` AvKmv wbg©v‡Yi msw¶ß BwZe„Ë GLv‡b mwbœweó Kiv mgxPxb g‡b Kwi| KviY Gi m‡½I wmjwmjvi eû K_v RwoZ Av‡Q| BwZc~‡e© Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, Rwg`vix msμvšÍ gvgjv¸‡jvq μgvMZ civwRZ n‡q †kl eq‡m nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wcZv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi mš‘wó AR©‡bi cÖwZ AwgZ †Z‡R AMÖmi nb| wZwb wm×všÍ wb‡jb `ywbqvi Rb¨ eû A_© LiP K‡i‡Qb, hvi d‡j cwiZvc Qvov Avi wKQzB jvf nqwb| GLb me©`v †Lv`v ZvAvjvi gwngv †NvlYv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY Ki‡eb| wewPÎ wK wZwb Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi ¶gv jvf K‡ib ! GB D‡Ïk¨mva‡bi Rb¨ wZwb MÖv‡gi


gvSLv‡b mvZkÕ UvKv e¨‡q wkL‡ì KvQ †_‡K GKwU cwZZ evwo μq K‡ib Ges Mfxi mšÍvc I AvšÍwiKZvmn GKwU gmwR‡ì wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ib|

nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg GB gmwR` wbg©v‡Yi †h cUf~wgKv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, GLv‡b Zv D‡jøL Kiv GKvšÍB cÖvmw½K g‡b Kwi ûhyi e‡jb :

Ògnvgwngvwš^Z, nhi‡Z B¾Z Rvjøv kvbyû Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi m¤§y‡L Zvi k~b¨ nv‡Z hvIqvi cwiZvc †kl eq‡m w`b w`b evo‡Z jvMj| wZwb eûevi e¨w_Z ü`‡q ej‡Zb, msmv‡ii e„_v SMov weev‡` Avgvi Rxeb Ah_v e¨q K‡iwQ|Ó GKevi kª‡×q wcZv GKwU ¯^cœ eY©bv K‡ib| wZwb ¯^‡cœ imyjyjøvn& mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqvmvjøvg‡K gnv cÖZv‡ci AwaKvix GK gnvgwngvwš^Z ev`kv‡ni gZ Zvui evwo‡Z Avm‡Z †`‡Lb| ZLb wZwb Zuv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡Z †`Šuov‡jb| Kv‡Q wM‡q wZwb c‡K‡U nvZ †`qv gvÎ GKwU UvKv †c‡jb | fvj K‡i wZwb †`L‡jb †h Zv APj UvKv| GUv †`‡L wZwb AkÖæcvZ Ki‡jb| Zvici wb`ªv †f‡½ †Mj| Zvici, wb‡RB Gi A_© eY©bv Ki‡jb, `ywbqv`vwii mv‡_ †Lv`v Ges imy‡ji †cÖg APj UvKviB gZ| Av‡iv ej‡Zb ZviB gZ Zvi wcZvi †klRxeb I wec`vc`, wPšÍv I Aby‡kvPbvq AwZevwnZ n‡qwQj| †h Kv‡RB wZwb nvZ w`‡Zb, AK…ZKvh© n‡Zb| Zvui wcZv, A_©vr Avgvi `v`v mv‡n‡ei GKwU KweZvI †kvbv‡Zb| Gi GKwU cO&w³ Avwg f~‡j †MwQ| Aci cO&w³wU GB :ÔhLb †Póv Kwi, ZLb fvM¨ cwinvm K‡i|Õ Zvi GB e¨v_v I wPšÍv e„× eq‡m eû¸‡Y e„w× cvq| G fvebvq cÖvq Qq gvm Av‡M kª‡×q wcZv GB MÖv‡gi gvSLv‡b GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib| hv GLvbKvi Rv‡g gmwR`| wZwb wb‡`©k K‡i hvb GB gmwR‡ì GK †Kv‡Y Zvi Kei n‡e, †hb †Lv`v Avhhv Iqv Rvjøvi bvg Zvi Kv‡b †cŠuQ‡Z _v‡K| Avðh© wK, GUvB Zvi gvMwdiv‡Zi †nZz n‡Z cv‡i| e¯‘Z:, †hw`b gmwR‡ì BgviZ wbg©vY m¤úbœ nq Ges m¤¢eZ: †g‡Si K‡qKwU B‡Ui Muv_ywb evwK wQj, Gi K‡qK w`b Av‡M gvÎ kª‡×q wcZv Avgvkq †iv‡M AvμvšÍ n‡q g„ZzëiY K‡ib Ges GB gmwR‡ì IB †Kv‡YB Zv‡K `vdb Kiv nq, †hLv‡b ùvwo‡q wZwb wPwýZ K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔAvjøvû¤§vinvgû Iqv`v‡Ljûj&-RvbœvZv| A_©vr †n Avjøvn! Zuvi cÖwZ `qv Ki Ges Zv‡K RvbœvZevmx Kiv! Avgxb| wZwb cÖvq 80 A_ev 85 eQi Avqy †c‡qwQ‡jb|Ó1

(1) ÔwKZveyj evwiq¨v,Õ 157-59 c„:|


GLb hwÌ GB gmwR` wmjwmjvi μgea©gvb cÖ‡qvR‡b h‡_ó evov‡bv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ g~j Ask Av‡Mi gZB A¶zYœ Av‡Q Ges †QvU cÖv½YwU, hv ¶z`ªvK…wZ BU Øviv wbwg©Z n‡qwQj ZvI †Zgwb we`¨vgvb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wcZvi Kei GLb gmwR‡ì cÖv½‡Y Aew¯’Z| GB Rb¨ Gi Dci PZzw`©‡K cÖvPxi wbg©vY K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q, †hb e„wó BZ¨vw` cvwb †_‡K Zv wbivc` _v‡K| Zvui wcZvi KZ eo †mŠfvM¨! wZwb ZrKvjxb Ae¯’vbymv‡i me©vwaK GUvB gvÎ Kvgbv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Avhv‡bi aŸwb †hb Zvi Kv‡b †cŠu‡Q| wKš‘ gnvgwngvgq Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyû gmwR‡ì wfwË¯’vcbc~e©K Avjøvni wRwKi †K (¯§iY) GZ AwaK D”P gh©v`v w`‡q‡Qb †h, †mB mgq †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ Gi g‡a¨ avivevwnKfv‡e Avjøvni wRwKi ev Gjvwn ¸YMvb n‡q Avm‡Q, ÔBbkvAvjøvnÕ wKqvgZ ch©šÍ n‡Z _vK‡e| GLv‡b A‡b‡KB cvuP Iqv‡³i bvgvh Ges bdj mg~n c‡o _v‡Kb| GUv Kvw`qv‡bi Rv‡g gmwR` wn‡m‡eI eëüZ nq| RygAvi bvgvh nq Ges wewfbœ Rjmv AbywôZ nq| GQvovI KziAvb Kix‡gi ìmI GB gmwR‡` wbqwgZfv‡e cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

Avð‡h©i welq GB †h ìm cÖ`vbKvwi mvaviYZ: GB Ke‡ii Kv‡QB ùvwo‡q ìm w`‡q _v‡Kb| nhiZ LwjdvZzj gmxn AvDqv‡ji (ivwh.) m¤^‡ÜI eq¯‹iv e‡jb †h, wZwb GLv‡bB `vuov‡Zb| nhiZ nv‡dR iIkb Avjx mv‡ne (ivwh.) Ges kª‡×q Aa¨vcK nhiZ †gŠjvbv ˆmq` mviIqvi kvn mv‡ne‡KI (ivwh.) GB¯’v‡bB `vuwo‡q ìm cÖ`vb Ki‡Z `xN©Kvje¨vcx cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ| nhiZ LwjdvZzj gmxn mvbx AvBq¨v`vûjøvû ZvAvjv m¤ú~Y© KziAvb kixd GB Ke‡ii cv‡k `vuwo‡q K‡qK eQi ch©šÍ ìm w`‡q ‡kl K‡ib Ges Avevi ïiæ †_‡K ìm †`qv ïiæ K‡ib| †k‡lv³ ìm K‡qK eQie¨vcx Pj‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq 1947 mv‡ji ivóªxq `ywe©cvK Dcw¯’Z nq|

cvwievwiK m¤§vb I cÖwZcwË Kv‡qg _vKv m¤ú‡K© wKQz Bjnvg :ÔAvjvBmvjøv‡nv †e-Kvwdb& AvãyûÕ- ÒAvjøvn& wK Zvui ev›`vi Rb¨ h‡_ó bbÓ- GB AvRxgyk¦vb Bjnvg Dc‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖK…Z A_© nj †h Zvui m¤ú~Y© ZË¡veavb GLb ¯^qs †Lv`v ZvAvjv Ki‡eb| GB Bjnv‡gi mg_©‡b Zvu‡K †Kvb †Kvb `„kÏ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ûhyi AvK`vm e‡jb :

Ò†Kvb †Kvb mgq ¯^cœ ev Kvkd-†hv‡M Ava¨vwZ¥K welqvejx ˆ`wnK Aeqe aviYc~e©K gvbevKv‡i cwi`„ó n‡q‡Q| Avgvi wcZv Mvdvivjøv‡nv jvû GKRb m¤£všÍ iBm Ges Avcb GjvKvq L¨vwZgvb cyiæl wQ‡jb| Avgvi g‡b Av‡Q,


wZwb hLb B‡šÍKvj Ki‡jb, ZLb Zvi ci‡jvKMg‡bi wØZxq ev Z…Zxq w`‡b Avwg GKwU cigv my›ìx ¯¿x‡jvK‡K ¯^cœ‡hv‡M †`wL| Zvi Aeqe GL‡bv Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b fvm‡Q| †m ejj, Zvi bvg ÔivYxÕ Ges Cw½‡Z ejj, wZwb M„‡ni m¤§vb I kªx| Av‡iv ejj, Avwg cÖ¯’vb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQjvg, wKš‘ †Zvgvi Rb¨ †_‡K †Mjvg|Ó1

ûhyi Av‡iv wj‡L‡Qb,

ÒH mg‡qB Avwg ¯^cœ‡hv‡M GKRb mykªx cyiæl‡K `k©b Kwi| Avwg Zv‡K ejjvg, ÔZzwg Avðh©RbK mykªx| m‡¼‡Z †m ejj, ÔAvwg †Zvgvi ÔeL‡Z †e`vi (†mŠfvM¨) Ges ÔZzwg Avðh©¨RbK mykªx K_vi DË‡i ej‡jv, Ônvu, Avwg `k©bavix cyiælÕ|Ó2

eûjvKv‡i Hkx evK¨vjvc ïiæ :ûhyi AvK`v‡mi kª‡×q wcZvi g„Zzï ci †_‡KB Zvui Kv‡Q eûjvKv‡i Hkx evYx Avm‡Z _v‡K| wZwb e‡jb:

ÒGKw`‡K wZwb (A_©vr nhiZ Iqv‡j` gv‡R`) Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib Ges Aci w`‡K wecyj AvKv‡i Avgvi Ici HkxevYxi aviv cÖevwnZ n‡Z hv‡”Q| Avwg Rvwb bv, Avgvi †Kvb cy‡Yï d‡j Avgvi cÖwZ GB Hkx AbyMÖn| Avwg ïay GBUzKz Abyfe Kwi †h Avgvi AšÍ:Ki‡Y †Lv`v ZvAvjvi cÖwZ wek¦¯ÍZvi ¯^vfvweK AvKl©Y Av‡Q| Zv †Kvb e¯‘i evavq cÖwZiæ× n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs Zv AvjøvniB K…cv|3Ó

†R¨ô fvB‡qi Avg‡j :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wcZvi g„Zyï ci Zvui †R¨ô fvB wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne cvwievwiK welq m¤úwËi cwiPvjbvi ØvwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡jb| hw` nhiZ AvK`vm B”Qv Ki‡Zb, Z‡e m¤úwË fv‡Mi `vwe c~e©K wb‡Ri Ask c„_K K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb welq m¤úwËi cÖwZ Av‡`Š g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ibwb| eis GUv Af¨vmiƒ‡c eiY K‡i wb‡jb †h, Lv`¨ cvbxq hvB †c‡Zb fvB‡qi †mŠRb¨ e‡j MÖnY Ki‡Zb| KLbI †Kvb cÖKvi AvcwË DÌvcb Ki‡Zb bv| 8/9 gvme¨vcx μgvMZ †ivhv ivLvi d‡j ¯^ívnvix (1) Bhvjv‡q-AvInvg,Õ 213 c„:|(2) ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvg,Õ 213-14 c„:|(3) ÔwKZveyj evwiq¨v,Õ cv` UxKv 163 c„:|


Rxeb wbe©v‡n wZwb Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| GB Kvi‡Y Gmg‡qI wZwb †mB Ô†gvRv‡n`viÕ (mvabvi) c~Y© mØënvi Ki‡jb| AwaKvsk mg‡qB wb‡Ri Lv`¨ `wi`ª‡ì g‡a¨ e›Ub K‡i wb‡R GK cqmvi †Qvjv †L‡q Rxeb aviY Ki‡Zb| hw` G‡Z bv nZ, Z‡e Dcev‡mB w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Zb| Zvui m¤^‡Ü †R¨ô fvB kª‡×q wcZvi Abyiƒc aviYvB †cvlY Ki‡Zb| wZwbI Zvu‡K msmvi m¤ú‡K© D`vmxb g‡b K‡i KLbI KLbI Zvui mvayZv I ag©civqYZv `k©‡b gb, cÖv‡Y Zvui cÖwZ gy» n‡q co‡Zb| Z`ycwi Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Amxg AbyMÖ‡n gvZv mv‡nevi GK we‡kl †mœ‡ni Qvqv I gnv AbyMÖn wQj| wKš‘ †R¨ô fvB‡qi Avg‡j Zuvi Amyweav †e‡o †Mj| Zvui fvB ¸iæ`vmcy‡i †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii Awd‡m mycvwi‡›Ub‡W›U wQ‡jb Ges AwaKvsk mgq wZwb †mLv‡bB _vK‡Zb| M„n eë¯’vi hveZxq `vwqZ¡ åvZ…ÑRvqvi Dci b¨¯Í wQj| wZwb Zvui cÖwZ K‡Vvi eënvi Ki‡Zb| e¯‘Z: Gmg‡q wZwb †h Pig âh© I mnbkxjZvi Ges D”P Av`k© cÖ`k©b K‡ib Zvi `„óvšÍ †Kej Avw¤^qv †Kiv‡gi cweÎ Rxebmg~‡nB cvIqv hvq| e¯‘Z:, hLb Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zvu‡K Ôgvgywiq‡Zi Õ (cÖZ¨vw`ó ag©-ms¯‹vi‡Ki) c‡` Awfwl³ Ki‡jb Ges kZ- mnmª e¨w³ Zvui `¯ÍiLvbvq Lvevi †L‡Z jvM‡jb, ZLb †Kvb †Kvb mgq c~‡e©i K_v Zvui ¯§iY nZ, Ges wZwb Zuvi fvev‡eM wb‡gœv³ KweZvi †køv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Zb :

A_v©r, ÒGK mgq `¯ÍiLvbvi Dw”Qó Lv`¨ Avgvi Lvevi wQj Avi GLb Avgvi `¯ÍiLvbvq Avjøvni K…cvq kZ-mnmª e¨w³ Avnvi K‡i|Ó GRb¨ hveZxq cÖksmv AvjøvniB|

GB mgqUv Zvui Rb¨ GgbB K‡Vvi Ges wbiærmvn e¨ÄK wQj †h, GKevi wZwb †Kvb ag©xq cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwU cwÎKvi Rb¨ fvB‡qi Kv‡Q mvgvb¨ wKQz UvKv †P‡q cvVv‡j, fvBmv‡ne †mUv Ace¨q e‡j cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|

Òeo PvPx G‡jbÓ : Òeo PvPx G‡jbÓ GUv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GKwU weLvZ Bjnvg| hwÌ 1900 mv‡j wZwb G Bjnvg cvb, cÖm½μ‡g Avgiv Zv wb‡q GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kie| †h mg‡q GB Bjnvg AeZxY© n‡qwQj, †mB mg‡q wZwb Gi A_© wKQzB eyS‡Z cv‡ibwb| †Lv`v ZvAvjvi gwngv! nhiZ AvK`vm †h åvZ…-Rvqv KZ…©K wbcxwoZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Avjøvn ZvAvjvi we‡kl K…cvq †mB


åvZ…-Rvqv 1921 mv‡j nhi‡Zi cyÎ nhiZ wgh©v ekxiDÏxb gvngy` LwjdvZzj-gwmn mvbx AvBq¨v`vûjøvû ZvAvjvi cweÎ nv‡Z `x¶v MÖnY K‡i Avng`xqv wmjwmjvq †hvM †`b| AZ:ci, ÒZvqx-AvqxÓ (eo PvPx G‡jb) Bjnv‡gi A_© †evaMg¨ nj| mg¯Í cwiev‡i wZwb ÔZvqxÕ (eo PvPx) e‡j L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zvui AvšÍwiKZv GZ e„w× K‡ib †h, wZwb Imxq¨ZI K‡ib| 1927 mv‡ji 1jv †m‡Þ¤î 97 eQi eq‡m wZwb ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib Ges Kvw`qv‡b Ô†e‡nkZx gvK‡eivqÕ mgvwnZ nb| Ôdv- Bbœwjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ|

c~e©cyiæ‡li m¤úwË‡Z wgh©v Avhg †e‡Mi Iqvwikx `vwei †gvKÏgv :†Lv`v ZvAvjvi Ac~e© jxjv hZw`b ch©šÍ nhiZ AvK`vm m¤ú~Y© m¤úwËi AwaKvi ¯^Z¡ GKv cÖvß nbwb ZZw`b ch©šÍ ¯^cœ I Kvk‡di fwel¨ØvYx Abymv‡i cvwievwiK m¤§vb I cÖwZcwË μ‡gB n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K| wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡n‡ei Avg‡j wgh©v Avhg †eM, fyZ-c~e© AwZwi³ mnKvwi Kwgkbvi wKQz ¯^Z¡nxb Iqvwik c‡¶ Zvui m¤úwË‡Z Askx`vi nIqvi `vwe‡Z GK gvgjv `v‡qi K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb :

ÒAvgvi giûg åvZv wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne weRq jv‡fi `„p wek¦vm wb‡q Reve †`qvq e¨vc„Z nb| Avwg G m¤ú‡K© †`vqv Ki‡j, Ávbgq †Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ †_‡K Bjnvg cÖvß njvg :

(Ô†Zvgvi Iqvwik‡ì welq Qvov †Zvgvi mg¯Í †`vqv Keyj KieÕ) myZivs Avwg me AvZ¥xq‡ì‡K GKÎ K‡i ¯úófv‡e e‡j w`jvg †h Ávbgq †Lv`v Avgv‡K msev` w`‡q‡Qb, †Zvgiv GB gvgjvq KL‡bv Rqx n‡e bv| GRb¨ GUv †_‡K weiZ nIqv KZ©e¨| wKš‘ Avgvi evwn¨K cÖfve cÖwZcwË I Dcvq DcKi‡Yi cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡i Ges Zvui weRq jvf mywbwðZ g‡b K‡i Zviv Avgvi K_vi †Kvb g~j¨ w`‡jb bv| wZwb gvgjv cwiPvjbv ïiæ Ki‡jb| wbgœ Av`vj‡Z wZwb Rq jvfI Ki‡jb| wKš‘ ÔAv‡jgyj-Mv‡qeÕ †Lv`vi Iwni Ab¨_v wKfv‡e m¤¢eci? Ae‡k‡l, Pxd †Kv‡U© Avgvi fvB civwRZ n‡jb Ges GB cÖKv‡i GB Bjnv‡gi mZ¨Zv mevi Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ nj|Ó1

(1) Ôbhyjyj&-gwmnÕ, 212-13 c„:|


†Lv`v ZvAvjvi nvRvi nvRvi †kvKi, nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` LwjdvZzj-gmxn mvbx AvBq¨v`vûjøvû ZvAvjvi mg‡q †mB m¤úwË μq Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GB cÖKv‡i nvwi‡q hvIqv cvwievwiK m¤úwËi cybiæ×vi n‡q‡Q|

WvK wefv‡Mi †gvKÏgv :1877 mv‡j Ag„Zm‡ii GKRb wLªóvb ivjBqvivg DwKj nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× GK gvgjv `v‡qi K‡ib| we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY nhiZ AvK`v‡mi fvlvq cÖ`Ë nj:

ÒAg„Zm‡ii ivjBqvivg bv‡g GK wLªóvb DwKj wQj| Zvi GKwU †cÖm wQj Ges IB †cÖm †_‡K GKwU cwÎKv †ei n‡Zv| GB Aag Bmjv‡gi mg_©‡b Avh©‡ì †gvKvwejvq Zvi †cÖ‡m `yB w`‡K †Lvjv GKwU c¨v‡K‡U (Book

Post) GKwU cÖeÜ Qvcvi Rb¨ cvVvB Ges mv‡_ GKwU wPwVI cvVvB| wPwV‡Z Ggb †Kvb †Kvb K_v wQj, hvi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi mg_©b Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag© evwZj nIqvi cÖwZ Bw½Z wQj Ges G‡Z cÖeÜwU gy`ª‡Yi ZvwMÌ wQj| GKvi‡Y †mB wLªóvb, ag© we‡iwaZvi Kvi‡Y †i‡M AwMœkg©v nj| NUbvP‡μ †m kÎæZvekZ: AvμgYv‡_© GKwU my‡hvMI jvf Kij| c¨v‡K‡U (Book Post) †Kvb ¯^Zš¿ wPwV ivLv AvBbZ: `Ûbxq Aciva wQj,1 †h m¤^‡Ü GB Aa‡gi wKQzB Rvbv wQj bv| WvK wefvMxq AvBb Abymv‡i GB cÖKvi Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í cvuPk UvKv Rwigvbv ev Qqgvm ch©šÍ Kviv`Û wbw`©ó wQj| myZivs †m msev``vZv †m‡R WvK wefv‡Mi Kg©Pvix‡ì gva¨‡g GB Aa‡gi weiæ‡× gvgjv `v‡qi Kij|

GB gvgjv m¤^‡Ü †Kvb wKQz AeMZ nIqvi Av‡M, ¯^cœ †hv‡M Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡jb ÔivjBqvivg DwKj Avgv‡K `sk‡bi Rb¨ GKwU mvc cvwV‡q‡Q Ges Avwg †mUv‡K gv‡Qi gZ †f‡R Zv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡qwQ|Õ Avwg Rvwb Zv GB K_vi cÖwZ wb‡`©k KiwQj †h, cwiYv‡g GB gvgjv †hfv‡e Av`vj‡Z wb®úwË n‡e, Zv Ggb GKwU `„óvšÍ hv fwel¨‡Z DwKj‡ì Kv‡R Avm‡Z cv‡i|

hv‡nvK, Avwg GB Aciv‡a †Rjv ¸iæ`vmcyi m`‡i Avn~Z njvg Ges †h mg¯Í DwK‡ji mv‡_ gvgjv m¤^‡Ü civgk© Kijvg, Zviv GUvB civgk©

(1) WvK wefv‡Mi GB AvBb GLb †bB| wKš‘ Avgiv †h mg‡qi K_v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ, †m mg‡q GB AvBb wQj| †`Lyb Act. No. 14 of 1886 sections 12 and 56 ; & Government of India Notification No. 2424, dated December 7, 1877, section 43.


w`‡jb wg_¨v K_v ejv Qvov †KvbB Dcvq †bB| Zviv civgk© w`‡jb, Gfv‡e eY©bv w`b †h Avcwb c¨v‡K‡U wPwV †`bwb| ivjBqvivg wb‡RB Zv K‡i‡Qb| mvšÍ¡bv¯îƒc Zviv AviI ej‡jb, GB cÖKvi wee„wZ w`‡j mv‡¶ï Dci gvgjv wb®úwË n‡q hv‡e Ges `yB PviwU wg_¨v mv¶x †`qv‡jB gyw³ jvf n‡e| bv nq gvgjvi Ae¯’v AZ¨šÍ Lvivc| evuPvi Ab¨ †Kvb Dcvq †bB| wKš‘ Avwg mevB‡KB GB DËi w`jvg Avwg †Kvb Ae¯’vq mZëvw`Zv Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv| hv nq †nvK| ZLb †mw`bB ev ciw`b Avgv‡K GK Bs‡i‡Ri Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z Kiv nj| Avgvi wec‡¶ WvK wefv‡Mi Awdmvi miKvwi ev`x wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| ZLb wePviKZ©v wbR nv‡Z Avgvi wee…wZ wjwce× Ki‡jb Ges mevi Av‡M Avgv‡K GUvB wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ÒGB wPwVwU wK Avcwb wbR nv‡Z c¨v‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ †i‡LwQ‡jb? GB wPwV Ges GB c¨v‡KU wK Avcbvi?Ó ZLb Avwg mivmwi ejjvg, ÒGB wPwV Ges GB c¨v‡KU `yÕ‡UvB Avgvi Ges Avwg GB wPwV c¨v‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ †i‡LwQjvg| wKš‘ miKv‡ii gvïj duvwK †`qvi `yiwfmwÜ‡Z G KvR Kwiwb| Avwg GB wPwV‡K GB cÖeÜ †_‡K †Kvb ¯^Zš¿ wRwbm g‡b Kwiwb Avi G‡Z Avgvi e¨vw³MZ †Kvb K_vI wQj bv|Ó GB K_v †kvbvgvÎ †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB Bs‡i‡Ri gb Avgvi w`‡K wdwi‡q w`‡jb Ges Avgvi wec‡¶ WvKwefv‡Mi Awdmvi eû †PuPv‡gwP Ki‡jb Ges Bs‡iwR‡Z `xN© e³…Zv w`‡jb hv Avwg eyS‡Z cvwiwb| wKš‘ Avwg GZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡iwQjvg †h, cÖ‡Z¨K e³…Zvi ci Bs‡iwR‡Z IB nvwKg †bvÕ Ô‡bvÕ e‡j Zvi mg¯Í K_vB evwZj KiwQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l hLb †mB ev`x c‡¶i Awdmvi Zvi hveZxq ARynvZ eY©bv Kij Ges mg¨K we‡lv`Mvi Kij, ZLb wePviK ivq †jLvq g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡jb Ges h_vm¤¢e GK QÎ wK †ò QÎ wj‡L Avgv‡K ej‡jb- Av”Qv, Avcwb †h‡Z cv‡ib| GUv ï‡b Avwg Av`vjZ Ni †_‡K †ei njvg Ges cig `qvj~ AvjøvnÕi Kv‡Q K…ZÁZv Ávcb Kijvg, whwb GKRb Bs‡iR Awdmv‡ii wec‡¶ Avgv‡KB Rqx Ki‡jb| Avwg fvjfv‡e Rvwb, ZLb mZëvw`Zvi Kj¨v‡Y †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB wec` †_‡K Avgv‡K gyw³ `vb K‡i‡Qb|

BwZc~‡e© Avwg ¯^‡cœ †`wL GK e¨vw³ Avgvi Uzwc bvgv‡bvi Rb¨ nvZ evwo‡q‡Q| Avwg ejjvg, ÔwK Ki‡Qb? ZLb †m UzwcwU Avgvi gv_v‡ZB †i‡L w`j Ges ej‡jv Ôg½jÕ Ôg½jÕ|Ó1

(1) ÔAvqbv‡q-Kvgvjv‡Z Bmjvg,Õ 297Ñ99 c„:|


fveyb †`wL GB gvgjvq Zvi Rb¨ KZ eo cix¶v wQj| Zvi ¯’v‡b Ab¨ †KD n‡j nq‡Zv GB KwVb cix¶vq w¯’i _vK‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| wKš‘ nhiZ AvK`vm wQ‡jb g~wZ©gvb mZ¨| wZwb Zvi ¯’v‡b AwePj _vK‡jb Ges Zvi DwKj‡ì civgk© MÖnY bv K‡i Av`vj‡Z mZ¨-mZ¨ eY©bv w`‡jb| ÔAvjøvû¤§v mv‡jø Avjv gynv¤§v‡Ìu Iqv Avjv Av‡j gynv¤§`|

gvivZ¥K †ivM †_‡K A‡jŠwKK Av‡ivM¨ jvf :1880 mv‡j nhiZ AvK`vm gvivZ¥K Aš¿k~j †iv‡M AvμvšÍ nb| evievi cvqLvbvi †eM n‡Zv, i³cvZ n‡Zv| G Ae¯’v cÖvq 16 w`b ch©šÍ wQj| wZbevi AvZ¥xq-¯^Rbiv Zvu‡K Ômyiv BqvmxbÕ c‡o †kvbv‡jb| †kl ch©šÍ Zvu‡ì wbwðZ aviYv n‡qwQj mÜ¨v ch©šÍ Kei¯’ Ki‡Z n‡e| e¯‘Z:, hLb Zvui Ae¯’v Lye m½xb I ˆbivk¨RbK n‡q co‡jv Ges Zvui AvZ¥xqiv †`qv‡ji Avov‡j Kvbœv KiwQ‡jb, ZLb cig Av‡ivM¨`vZv †Lv`v Bjnvg Øviv GB †`vqv wkLv‡jb :

(ÔAvjøvn& cweÎ, Ges ZvuiB cÖksmv, cig cweÎ gnvgwngvwš^Z Avjøvn| Avjøvn! gynv¤§` Ges Zvui AbyMvgx‡ì cÖwZ K…cv Ki) GB †`vqv Bjnvg nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Zvui ü`‡q GK_v GjKv (D`q) nj †h evjy wgwkªZ b`xi cvwb‡Z nvZ wfwR‡q GB cweÎ evK¨¸‡jv cvV K‡i eyK, wcV, `yÕnvZ I gy‡Li Ici eyjv‡j wZwb Av‡ivM¨ jvf Ki‡eb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb :

ÒZvovZwo evjy †gkv‡bv cvwb Avbv nj Ges †hgb Avgv‡K wkLv‡bv n‡qwQj, †ZgbB Kijvg| ZLb Avgvi Ae¯’v Ggb wQj †h, Avgvi cÖwZwU †jvgK‚c w`‡q †hb Av¸b †ei nw”Qj| mg¯Í kix‡i fxlY R¡vjv wQj| AÁvZmv‡i g‡bi Ae¯’v Ggb aviY K‡iwQj †h g„Zz¨ n‡jI fvj, Zey GB Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³jvf n‡e| wKš‘ hLb IB cÖwμqv ïiæ KijvgÑ†mB †Lv`vi Kmg hvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY i‡q‡Q - cÖwZevi GB evK¨¸‡jv cvV Ges kixi cvwb w`‡q †gvQvi m‡½ m‡½ Avgvi g‡b nw”Qj †hb †mB Av¸b wfZi †_‡K †ei n‡q hv‡”Q Ges Zxeª `v‡ni cwie‡Z© kixi kxZj I Avivg n‡q hv‡”Q| Ggb wK, †cqvjvi cvwb †kl nqwb A_P Avwg †`L‡Z †cjvg †ivM Avgv‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q| Avwg †lvjw`b ci iv‡Z my¯’ Ae¯’vq Nygv‡Z †Mjvg| hLb †fvi nj ZLb Avwg Bjnvg cÖvß njvg :


A_©vrÑÒhw` †Zvgiv GB wb`k©b m¤^‡Ü m‡›`n Ki hv Av‡ivM¨jv‡f Avwg cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ Z‡e †Zvgiv Gi Abyiƒc Ab¨ †Kvb `„óvšÍ Dc¯’vcb Ki|Ó1

RR beve mi`vi gynv¤§` nvqvZ LvuÕi c`Pz¨wZi ci env‡ji mymsev` :G mg‡qB Zuvi †R¨ô fvB wghv© †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne RR beve mi`vi gynv¤§` nvqvZ Luv mv‡n‡ei Rb¨ †`vqv Ki‡Z e‡jb| miKvi Zv‡K †Kvb †`v‡li Awf‡hv‡M mvgwqKfv‡e c`Pz¨Z K‡ib| c`Pz¨wZi Kvj `xN© n‡q hvIqvq wZwb bvbv cÖKvi wec`MÖ¯Í nb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zvi Rb¨ †`vqv Kivi ci ¯^‡cœ †`L‡jb, †hb beve mv‡ne Zvi mvg‡b ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb Ges wZwb Zv‡K ej‡Qbt

ÒAvcwb †Kvb wPšÍv Ki‡eb bv| †Lv`v mewKQzB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb Avcbv‡K gyw³ w`‡eb|Ó2

e¯‘Z hwÌ evwn¨K Ae¯’v †`‡L PvKwi‡Z Zvi cybivq cÖwZwôZ nIqv Am¤¢e e‡j we‡ewPZ nw”Qj, ZviciI wZwb Avevi cÖwZwôZ n‡jb| Ôdvj&-nvg&`ywjjøv‡n AvÕjv hv‡jKvÕ|

AZzjbxq Ava¨vwZ¥K cwieZ©‡bi GK ivZ :nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn MRbex mv‡n‡ei g„Zyï K_v BwZcy‡e© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges GUvI ejv n‡q‡Q, wZwb 18B †deªæqvwi 1881 mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Gi wKQz w`b Av‡M nhiZ AvK`vm GK mdi Dcj‡¶ hLb ¸iæ`vmcyi Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb, ZLb GK iv‡Z ¯^cœ‡hv‡M Rvb‡Z cv‡ib, nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn& MRbex mv‡n‡ei g„Zz¨ mwbœK‡U| Nyg †f‡½ †M‡j wZwb Abyfe K‡ib, GK ¯^M©xq AvKl©Y Zuvi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q| GgbwK, Bjnv‡g Bjvnxi ch©vq ïiæ n‡jv| †mB iv‡Zi iænvbx cwieZ©b Dcj‡¶ wZwb e‡jb :

Ò†mB GK ivZ wQj| IB iv‡Z Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Avgvi cig I Pig Bmjvn& Ki‡jb Ges Ggb cwieZ©b msNwUZ nj hv gvby‡li nv‡Z ev gvby‡li B”Qvq nIqv Am¤¢eÓ|3

(1) ÔwZiqvKzj&-KzjyeÕ 37Ñ38 c„ôv|(2) Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 252 c„ôv| Ônvwkqv ì-nvwkqvÕ bs-1 Ges

ÔAvj-nvKvgÕ, 10B †m‡Þ¤î 1902 mvj, 32 c„ôv| (3) Ôbhyjyj&-gmxn&Õ 237 c„ôv|


wØZxq Aa¨vqÔevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ cÖYqb n‡Z cÖ_g eqAvZ MÖnY ch©šÍ

Òevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvi cÖYq‡biÓ cUf~wg :nhiZ gwmn gvD` (Av.) Gi mycÖwm× wKZve Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqvÕ m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M cvV‡Ki mvg‡b Gi iPbvi cUfywg eY©bvi Rb¨ ZLbKvi agx©q Av‡›`vjb ¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbv AZ¨vek¨K| wLªó a‡g©i Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© BwZc~‡e© ejv n‡q‡Q| GQvov, †`‡k Avh© I eªvþ mgvR KZ©„K `ywU cÖwm× Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡qwQj| G Av‡›`vj‡bi wZbwU D‡Ïk¨ wQj, Bmjv‡gi wec‡¶ GK‡Rv‡U Dchy©cwi AvμgY Øviv gymjgvb‡ì‡K Zv‡ì ag© †_‡K mwi‡q †`qv|

Gi Dcj¶ wQj 1857 mv‡ji wmcvnx we‡`ªvn| wn›`yiv Bs‡iR kvm‡bi weiæ‡× D‡ËRbv m„wói Rb¨ gymjgvb‡ì‡K wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡n A¯¿iƒ‡c eënvi K‡i|1 gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ c~e© †_‡KB Bs‡iR‡ì Kz`„wó wQj| wn›`yivI Gi my‡hvM MÖnY Kij| ¯^vgx `qvb›` †ev¤^vB kn‡i Avh© mgvR bv‡g GK Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡ib| Avh© mgv‡Ri wfwË ¯’vwcZ nIqvi K‡qK gvm c‡iB Gi wKQz D”P wn›`y †bZvi civg‡k© GB wm×všÍ M„nxZ nj †h, Bmjvg I Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖeZ©K nhiZ gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvn AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi Ici cxov`vqK AvμgYØviv gymjgvb‡ì weiæ‡× N„YvKi êwi cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Ô†`k‡cÖgÕ I ÔRvwZi DbœwZiÕ bv‡g wn›`y‡ì‡K e¨vcKfv‡e m•Ne× Ki‡Z n‡e| cwÐZRx G e¨vcv‡i GKwU Amyweavi m¤§yLxb n‡jb| †e` wn›`y msMV‡bi wfwËcÖ¯Íi iƒ‡c eëüZ n‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ GKw`‡K AwaKvsk wn›`yB Gi fvlv m¤^‡Ü m¤ú~Y© AÁ Ges c¶všÍ‡i, Kv‡ji Ave‡Z© †e` Giƒc weK…Z I cwiewZ©Z n‡qwQj †h, Gi Abyev` cÖKvk Ki‡jI eZ©gvb mf¨Zvi hy‡M ZvØviv DcKv‡ii Avkv wQj bv| G mgm¨v mgvavbv‡_© cwÐZ `qvb›` gnvkq ÔmZ¨v_© cÖKvkÕ bvgK GKwU bZzb MÖš’ wn›`y‡ì mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z Ki‡jb| G cy¯Í‡K †e` ewY©Z wk¶v I ag© wek¦vm ¸‡jvi KóKwíZ e¨vL¨v w`‡q wn›`ya‡g©i GK bZzb `„wófw½i wfwË ms¯’vcb Kiv nj| (1) ÔZvwi‡L-Diæ‡R Avn&‡` mvj&Zvb‡Z Av½‡jwkqv †n›`Õ, 66c„:, 1904 mv‡j w`jøxi

Ôkvgmyj& gyZv‡eÕ †cÖ‡m gyw`ªZ ms¯‹iY|


mgmvgwqK wkw¶Z m¤cÖ`vq Zv wb‡Ri K‡i wb‡Z ïiæ Kij| d‡j G Av‡›`vjb μgk: we¯Ívi I cÖwmw× jvf Ki‡Z jvMj| hwÌ fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ kn‡iI Zv wb‡q PP©v ïiæ nj, wKš‘ cvÄv‡ei †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kni h_v- jv‡nvi, Ag„Zmi I ivIqvjwcwÐ‡Z Gi kw³kvjx kvLv ¯’vwcZ nj| GB be-Av‡›`vjb m„wói AíKv‡ji g‡a¨B nhiZ AvK`vm Gi †gvKvwejv ïiæ Ki‡jb| wZwb Gi g~j wfwËi Dci Giƒc Kvh©Kix AvNvZ nvb‡jb †h, Avh© mgv‡Ri cÖwZôvZv I AbyewZ©MY nZf¤^ n‡q coj| 1877 mv‡ji 7B wW‡m¤î ÔDKxj wn›`y¯ÍvbÕ cwÎKvq Avh© mgv‡Ri cÖwZôvZv cwÐZ `qvb›` gnvkq AvZ¥v m¤^‡Ü gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z wM‡q ej‡jb :

ÔAvZ¥v AMwYZ, AmsL¨| Ggb wK, ¯^qs ci‡gk¦iI Gi msL¨v Rv‡bb bv| GB Kvi‡Y me©`v gyw³ jvf NU‡Q Ges NU‡Z _vK‡e; KLbI †kl n‡e bv|Ó

GB Ag~jK ag©gZ cÖKvk gvÎ nhiZ AvK`vm Gi LÐ‡b fywi fywi hyw³ cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb Ki‡jb| Avh©‡ì c‡¶ Ag„Zm‡ii evev bvivqY wmsn, †m‡μUvix Avh© mgvR I cwÐZ LoK wmsn bv‡g Drmvnx Avh© m`m¨, †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ ci ci AMÖmi n‡jb| wKš‘ hyw³-Z‡K© Df‡qi Ggb civRq NUj †h, g„Zz¨Kvj ch©šÍ Zviv Avi gv_v DVvqwb| cwÐZ LoK wmsn †e‡ì cÖwZ Ggb exZkª× nj †h, †m Avh© mgvR cwiZ¨vMc~e©K wLªó ag© MÖnY Kij Ges wewfbœ KvM‡R cwi®‹vi wjLj HkxÁvb I mZëvw`Zvi mv‡_ †e‡ì †Kvb m¤úK© †bB, ZvB GUv HkxevYx n‡Z cv‡i bv BZ¨vw`, BZ¨vw`|1 Aci GKe¨w³ Zvi mv‡_ †gvKvwejvq Ggb wbiæËi nj †h, wn› y cwÐZiv Zvi DËi mg~n‡K evPvjZv e‡j cÖKvk Kij| Ac‡ii K_v ev` w`b, ¯^qs cwÐZ `qvb›` gnvk‡qi Dci nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖeÜ ¸‡jvi Giƒc cÖwZwμqv nj †h, †mI †emvgvj n‡q coj| nhiZ mv‡ne Zv‡K evievi †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| cwÐZRx hLb †`L‡Z †cj wZwb bv‡Qvoev›`v, ZLb cwÛZRx wZbRb Avh© mgvRx‡K Zvi Kv‡Q GB gšÍe¨mn †cÖiY Kij :

ÔhwÌ AvZ¥v cÖK…Z c‡¶ AMwYZ bq, Z_vwc cybR©b¥ wPiKvj Pj‡Z _vK‡e| hLb me AvZ¥v gyw³jvf Ki‡e, ZLb cybivq Zv‡ì‡K cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a gyw³ n‡Z †ei K‡i †`qv n‡e|Ó2

(1) Ôkvn&bv‡q-nKÕ, 24 c„: cÖ_g msi¯‹iY|(2) ÔZewj‡M-wimvjZÕ, cÖ_g LÐ, 667 c„:|


wb:m‡›`‡n GUv `qvb›` gnvk‡qi †LvjvLywj civRq Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi my¯úó weRq| hLb Rbmgv‡R GB †gvKv‡ejv wb‡q Lye Av‡jvPbv Pjj, ZLb cwÐZRx Acgvb XvKevi Rb¨ Zuv‡K ZK©hy‡× AvnŸvb Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm Zr¶Yvr cwÐZRxi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡jb| wKš‘ cwÐZRx wb‡RB ZK© †_‡K c„ô cÖ`k©b Kij| GB c„ô cÖ`k©‡bi K…wÎg KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q R‰bK Avh© mgvRx cwÐZ gnvkq wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒAvh© mgv‡Ri Af¨šÍixY gZ‡f‡ì d‡j wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` Kvw`qvbx my‡hvM jvf Ki‡jb| wZwb Avh© mgv‡Ri weiæ‡× Ag„Zm‡ii Ômwd‡i wn›`&Õ cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e `xN©Kvje¨vcx cÖe‡Üi ci cÖeÜ wjLv ïiæ Ki‡jb| IB mKj cÖe‡Ü ¯^vgx `qvb›`Rx gnvivR‡K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK †gvKv‡ejvi AvnŸvbI Kij| ¯^vgx `vqb›` IB mg‡q ivR¯’vb cwiåg‡Y wQ‡jb GB Rb¨ wZwb eL&ZvIi wmsn Ges gybwk B›`ªgb gyiv`vev`x‡K AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb| wKš‘ `y:‡Li welq, wVK †mB mgq †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y ¯^vgxRx B›`ªgb gyiv`vev`x‡K Avh© mgvR †_‡K ewn®K…Z K‡i †`b| G Rb¨ ÔgyevnvmvÕ nqwb| nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` (mv‡ne) GB NUbvi cy‡ivcywi dj jvf Ki‡jb Ges Avh©‡ì weiæ‡× Ggb AKvU¨ hyw³c~Y© mvwnZ¨ cÖYqb Ki‡jb †h, Gi d‡j gymjgvb‡ì g‡b Avh© ag© m¤^‡Ü N„Yvi m„wó nj|Ó1

eªvþ Av‡›`vj‡bi AK…ZKvh©Zv :Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡× Aci GKwU kw³kvjx Av‡›`vjb eªvþ mgvR cwiPvwjZ KiwQj| nhiZ AvK`vm Gi weiæ‡×I Giƒc Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡jb †h, †mUv †ewk`~i AMÖmi n‡Z cvij bv| eªvþ mgv‡Ri GK †bZv wj‡L‡Q :

ÔivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi gnv e¨w³‡Z¡i d‡j eªvþ mgvR Bsj¨vÛ I Av‡gwiKvq BDwb‡Uwiqvb PvP© iƒ‡c ¯’vwcZ nj| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq Kvw`qvbx m¤cÖ`v‡qi Kvi‡Y fviZe‡l©i gymjgvb‡ì Dci AZ¨šÍ KzcÖfve Rb¥vj Ges gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ kª×v¯ú` e¨w³MY, hviv eªvþmgv‡Ri wbqgvPvi ekZ: cÖfvevwš^Z n‡qwQ‡jb, cÖvq mevB cðv`c` n‡jb|Ó2

eªvþ mgv‡Ri Aci GK †bZv †`‡e›`ª cvj gnvkq wj‡L‡Q :

Ôeªvþ mgvR Av‡›`vjb GKwU gnv SwUKviƒ‡c DwÌZ nj Ges †`L‡Z †`L‡Z

(1) ÔAvwiqvmgvR AvIi cÖPvi †K mvabvÕ cwÐZ †è`Ë cÖYxZ, 12 c„:|(2) Ôwn›`yZ¡Õ (wn›`x) ivg`vm †MŠo cÖYxZ, 982 c„:|


ïay fviZe‡l©B bq we‡`‡kI kvLv we¯Ívi jvf Kij| fvi‡Z ïay wn›`y I wkLMY Gi cÖfve MÖnY Ki‡jb Ggb bq, eis gymjgvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi ga¨ †_‡KI GKwU e„nr `j G‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡jb| cÖwZw`b kZ kZ gymjgvb eªvþ mgv‡R cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| `x¶v MÖnY ïiæ nIqvi m‡½B Rvbv †Mj, eo eo gymjgvb cwievi eªvþ mgv‡Ri mv‡_ ïay mngZB †cvlY Ki‡Zb bv eis `¯‘igZ GB mgv‡Ri m`mÏ n‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ wVK †mB mg‡qB gymjgvbM‡Yi GKRb †kªô weØvb wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` Kvw`qvbx wn›`y I wLªóvb‡ì weiæ‡× MÖš’ cÖYqb ïiæ K‡ib Ges ZK© hy‡× Zv‡ì‡K AvnŸvb K‡ib| `yt‡Li welq, eªvþ mgv‡Ri †Kv‡bv weØvbB GB AvnŸv‡bi cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ibwb| d‡j, †h me gymjgvb eªvþ mgv‡Ri wk¶v Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zviv ïay m‡i co‡jb, ZvB bq, eis †h me gymjgvb eªvþ mgv‡R ixwZgZ cÖ‡ek K‡ib, ZvivI μgk eªvþmgvR cwiZ¨vM Ki‡jb|Ó1

Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ cÖYqb I cÖKvk:nhiZ AvK`vm j¶¨ Ki‡jb, Bmjvgwe‡ivax DwjøwLZ Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© ïay KvM‡R cÖeÜ cÖKvk Øviv ¯’vqx dj jvf m¤¢eci bq| KviY, cwÎKv eûw`b msiw¶Z nq bv| wKQy mgq PP©v _v‡K| Zvici, g~j welq gvby‡li ¯§„wZ †_‡K Acm„Z nq| myZivs, wZwb Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ bvgK GKwU ¯’vqx MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| GB cy¯Í‡K wZwb KziAvb gRx` Ges Auv- nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi mZ¨Zv m¤^‡Ü Ggb kw³kvjx cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb Ki‡jb †h, RMZ PgrK…Z nj|

Avh© mgvR †e‡ì ci †Kvb Hkx evYx ¯^xKvi KiZ bv| eªvþmgvR g~j BjnvgB A¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges gyw³i Rb¨ ïay we‡eK‡KB h‡_ó g‡b K‡i| cvðvZ¨ `k©b kv‡¯¿i Øviv cÖfvevwš^Z gymjgvbivI BD‡iv‡ci Ro DbœwZ †`‡L Bj&nv‡gi A¯^xKv‡ii cÖwZ Sz‡K c‡owQ‡jb| Bmjv‡gi Av‡jgMY mvgvb¨ K_vq G‡K Aci‡K Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv †`qvq wjß wQ‡jb| Bmjvg GKvšÍB wb:¯^ I wb:mnvq Ae¯’vq wbcwZZ n‡qwQj| wKQy †jvK wLªóvb a‡g© Avkªq MÖnY KiwQj Ges wKQy †jvK Avh© mgvR Ges eªvþ mgv‡Ri Kzw¶MZ nw”Qj| Ggb cwiw¯’wZi mgq Kvw`qv‡bi wbR©b †KvY †_‡K †Lv`vi GKRb cvn‡jvqvb DwÌZ n‡jb| wZwb KziAvb gwR‡ì †kªôZ¡, Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû

(1) Ô‡KŠgy`x; , (wn›`y cÎ) KwjKvZv, AvM÷ 1920|


AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi mZ¨Zv, Bj&nv‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges Gi cÖK…Z ZË¡ I Z‡_¨ cwic~Y©, Ggb GKwU AZ‚jbxq MÖš’ cÖYqb Ki‡jb †h, Gi d‡j GKw`‡K Bmjv‡gi kÎæiv bv‡Rnvj I ch©`y¯Í n‡q coj Ges Ab¨w`‡K fviZevmx gymjgvb‡ì mvnm †e‡o †Mj| GB cy¯Í‡Ki cÖ_g LÐ 1880 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| GB L‡Ð wZwb c„w_exi hveZxq a‡g©i †bZ…eM©‡K AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q e‡jb, KziAvb gwR‡ì h_v_©Zv Ges Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ wZwb †h me hyw³ ¯^xq Bjnvgx cy¯ÍK A_©vr KziAvb Kixg †_‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb, hw` †Kv‡bv Agymjgvb Gi A‡a©K ev GK-Z…Zxqvsk, ev GK-PZz_©vsk ev GK-cÂgvskI Zv‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi mZ¨Zvi cÖgvY iƒ‡c Zv‡ì Hkx cy¯ÍK †_‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib, A_ev hw` hyw³ Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z A¶g nb Z‡e wZwb †h me hyw³ w`‡q‡Qb, I¸‡jv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e LÐb K‡ib, Z‡e wZwb Zvi `k mnmª UvKvi m¤úwË Zvi nv‡Z mgc©Y Ki‡eb| wKš‘ GB kZ© eva¨Ki _vK‡e †h, wbe©vwPZ wZbRb R‡Ri GKwU †evW© GB wggvsmv w`‡eb †h kZ©vbyhvqx Reve †`qv n‡q‡Q|

GB P¨v‡j‡Äi cÖZz¨Ë‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Bmjvgwe‡ivax GB †KZv‡ei i` wjLvi †Zvo‡Rvo †NvlYv Ki‡Z jvMj| G‡Z wZwb Zr¶Yvr wjL‡jb :

me mv‡nevb‡KB wè¨ w`‡q ejwQ †h, Avgvi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z wKwÂrgvÎ wej¤^ Ki‡eb bv| cø¨vZz †nvb, e¨vK‡bi AeZvi †nvb, Avwi¯ÍZ‡ji `„wó I wPšÍv kw³ Avbqb Kiæb, ¯^KwíZ Ck¦iM‡Yi Kv‡Q mvnvh¨v‡_© Ki‡Rvo Kiæb, Zvici †`Lyb, Avgvi †Lv`v weRqx nbÑbv Avcbv‡ì KwíZ fMevb‡ì weRq nq|Ó1

GB †KZv‡ei Rev‡e †Kv‡bv MÖš’ cÖKvk Kiv wLªóvb, Avh© mgvR Ges eªvþ mgv‡Ri KZ©e¨ wQj| wKš‘ ¯^vgx `qvb›` Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvÕ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci wZb eQi ch©šÍ RxweZ †_‡KI m¤ú~Y© bxie _vKj| eªvþ mgvRI Pzc _vKj| Aek¨ †ckvIqv‡ii R‰bK Avh© cwÐZ †jLivgÑ whwb c‡i Zuvi †gvKvwejvq Dcw¯’Z n‡q Avh© m¤cÖ`v‡qi Kcv‡j wPi civR‡qi wUKv jvwM‡q Bnavg Z¨vM K‡ib, ÔZK&Rx‡e evivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ bvgK GKwU cy¯ÍK wj‡Lb| hviv GB cwÐZ gnvk‡qi iPbvw` †`Lvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i‡Qb, Zviv DËgfv‡e Rv‡bb, Zvi †jLv‡Z MvjvMvwj I VvÆv we`ªæc e¨wZZ Avi wKQyB _vKZ bv| DwjøwLZ cy¯ÍKwUi bvg †_‡KB cÖZxqgvb nq

(1) Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqv,Õ wØZxq LÐ, Kfvi †cR, 2, 3, 4 c„:|


G welqe¯‘ †Kej AevšÍi ev‡Kï mgwó wQj| wKš‘ GiI Reve †`qv nq| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi ¯^bvgL¨vZ wkl¨ nhiZ †gŠjvbv byiæÏxb mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avb&ûÑwhwb c‡i Zuvi cÖ_g Lwjdv c‡` AwawôZ nb, ÔZmw`‡K evivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ bv‡g Gi Reve cÖKvk K‡ib, hv covi gZ GKwU cy¯ÍK| wZwb Qvov AviI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hviv Avng`xqv wmjwmjvq †hvM`vb K‡ibwb, Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ mg_©‡b Ges ÔZK&Rx‡e evivnx‡b- Avng`xqviÓ LÐbg~jK A‡bK wKZve wjwce× K‡ib|

Avwg Av‡M D‡jøL K‡iwQ †h, D³ g~jëvb cy¯ÍK cv‡V gymjgv‡bi mvnm †e‡o hvq Ges Zviv G‡K AhvwPZ abiƒ‡c †c‡q GB cy¯Í‡Ki gh©v`v I m¤§vb w`‡Z _v‡Kb| Z`bymv‡i wb‡æ K‡qKRb MY¨gvb¨ gymjgv‡bi AwfgZ D×„Z Kiv nj|

Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ m¤^‡Ü †gŠjex Avey mvqx` gynv¤§` ûmvBb evUvjexi AwfgZ:cÖwm× Avn‡j nvw`m †bZv †gŠjex Avey mvqx` gynv¤§` ûmvBb evUvjex wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒAvgv‡ì g‡Z GB wKZve G hy‡M eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Ggb GKwU wKZve hvi Z‚j¨ †Kv‡bv cy¯ÍK AvR ch©šÍ Bmjv‡g iwPZ nqwb Ges fwel¨‡Zi K_v Rvbv †bB|Ó1

Gi cÖ‡YZvI Bmjv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ ab I cÖvY, Kjg, KvMR, †jLv I Kvh© Ges Av`k© I Av‡jvPbv Øviv Ggb GKwbô cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Qb †h, Zvi Zzjbv c~e©eZx© gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ GKvšÍB weij|

Avgv‡ì GB K_v¸‡jv‡K †KD c~e©‡`kxq AwZiÄb g‡b Ki‡j Avgv‡ì AšÍZ: Ggb GKwU wKZv‡ei bvg e‡j w`‡Z n‡e hvi g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi mg¯Í we‡ivax m¤cÖ`v‡qi we‡kl K‡i Avh© I eªvþ mgv‡Ri Ggb †Rvi`vi LÐb Av‡Q Ges Bmjv‡gi Ggb `yB PviRb †me‡Ki mÜvb w`‡Z n‡e hviv Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ Rvb, gvj, Kjg I K_vi Øviv †mev Kiv QvovI Av`k© bgybvi `vwqZ¡I enb K‡i‡Qb Ges Bmjv‡gi weiæ×ev`x I Bjnv‡g Awek¦vmx‡ì cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ exiZ¡e¨ÄK AvnŸvb w`‡q `vwe K‡i‡Qb

(1) ÔmyivZvjvKÕ iæKz 2| Abyev` : ÒnqZ Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Gici bZzb wKQy m„wó Ki‡eb|Ó


†h, Bjnvg m¤ú‡K© Ôhvi m‡›`n nq, wZwb Avgvi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡q AwfÁZv I cÖZ¨¶ Ávb jvf Kiæb|Õ GB cÖKv‡i AwfÁZv cÖZ¨¶ `k©‡bi im-¯^v` MÖnY Kivi AvnŸvb weRvZxq‡ì‡KI cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb|1

mywd Avn&g` Rvb mv‡n‡ei AwfgZ :mywd nhiZ nvRx Avn&g` Rvb mv‡ne jywaqvbvi GK mycÖwm× Av‡jg wQ‡jb Ges Zvi f³gÐwj A‡bK `~i-`~ivšÍe¨vcx we¯Z…Z wQ‡jb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :Ògnvgwng, wek¦ Kj¨vYKi cig `vbkxj Bmjv‡gi RxešÍ cÖZxK, me©Rb e‡iY¨ nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` mv‡ne (wPi Avwkm Zvi Dci) cvÄv‡ei ¸iæ`vmcyi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z Kvw`qv‡bi cÖavb m¤£všÍ cyiæl wQ‡jb| Zvi cÖYxZ wZbÕkZ dg©vi cy¯ÍK Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ cÖvÄj D`y© fvlvq †jLv| cÖvq cuqwÎk dg©vhy³ Gi Pvi LÛ AZ¨šÍ g‡bvigfv‡e QvcvI n‡q †M‡Q| Aewkó Ask¸‡jvI μgk: cÖKvwkZ n‡q †μZv‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠQ‡Z _vK‡e| wZwb-GB wKZv‡e Bmjvg ag© Avi gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqmvjøv‡gi beyIZ Ges KziAvb kix‡di mZ¨Zvi wZbkÕ †hŠw³K I HwZnvwmK cÖgvY Øviv cÖwZcv`b Ki‡Qb wLªóvb, Avh©, cÖK…Zev`x, wn›`y I eªvþmgvR cÖf„wZ ag©¸‡jvi me Bmjvg we‡ivax Acev` M‡elYv K‡i LÐb Ki‡Qb| MÖš’Kvi g‡nv`q `k nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi cÖ`v‡bi Bk‡Znvi w`‡q‡Qb| hw` Bmjv‡gi weiæ×ev`x ev Bmjvg A¯^xKviKvix G cy¯Í‡K cÖ`Ë mg¯Í cÖgvY ev A‡a©K ev GK cÂgvskI LÐb Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e, Mªš’Kvi mv‡ne Zuvi `k nvRvi UvKv g~‡jï m¤úwË Zvi bv‡g wj‡Lw`‡eb| GB PZz`©k kZvãx‡Z hLb cÖ‡Z¨K a‡g©i g‡a¨B AbvPv‡ii So eB‡Q Ges bZzb bZzb †jvK Kv‡di n‡”Q Ges bZzb bZzb †jvK gymjgvb n‡”Q ZLb Ggb& GKwU MÖš’ Ges Ggb GKRb gyRv‡Ï‡ì GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb wQj, †hiƒc Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ MÖš’ Ges Gi cÖ‡YZv Rbve kª‡×q †me¨ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` mv‡ne Ô`vgv dvqhyûÕ (Zuvi Dci wbZ¨ Ava¨vwZ¥K Kj¨vY †nvK) wZwb Bmjv‡gi me© cÖKv‡ii `vwe weiæ×ev`x‡ì Kv‡Q cÖgvY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| Zuvi eqm Pwjøk wK cuqZvwjøk n‡e, Zuvi c~e©cyiæl‡ì Avw` evm¯’vb cÖvPxb cvim¨ e‡j Rvbv hvq| wZwb AZ¨šÍ f`ª, AgvwqK I j¾vkxj mycyiæl| Zuvi †Pnviv †_‡K Hkx †cÖg wb:m„Z nq| cvVK, Avwg m`y‡Ï‡k¨ Ges m‡Zï cig Aby‡cÖiYvq wb‡e`b KiwQ †h, wb:m‡›`‡n Rbve wgh©v mv‡ne hyM gyRv‡Ï`,

(1) ÔBkvAvZzm, mybœvnÕ, mßg LÐ, lô msL¨v, 169-170 c„:|


ag©v‡š^lx‡ì Rb¨ m~h©¯îƒc, c_åó‡ì Rb¨ c_ cÖ`k©K, Bmjvg we‡ivax‡ì Rb¨ ¶ziavi Zievwi, Cl©vcivqY‡ì Rb¨ AKvU¨ cÖgvY| wbwðZ fv‡e †R‡b bvI cybivq Ggb mgq Avi cv‡e bv| Avjøvni B¾Z Kv‡qg n‡q‡Q| D¾¡j cÖfvKiiƒ‡c AKvU¨ cÖgvYvw`mn Giƒc c_ cÖ`k©K ¯îƒc †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Qb, †hb wZwb m‡Zï Abyi³ e¨w³‡ì‡K Av‡jv `vb K‡ibÑ AÜKvi I wec_MvwgZv †_‡K †ei K‡ib Ges wg_¨vev`x‡ì weiæ‡× `wjj Kv‡qg K‡ib|Ó1

mywd Avn&g` Rvb mv‡ne, huvi mgv‡jvPbv Dc‡i cÖ`Ë nj wZwb GKRb Kv‡gj mywd wQ‡jb| nvRvi nvRvi f³ Zuvi Kv‡Q ÔeqAvZÕ MÖnYc~e©K Zuvi gÐwjfy³ n‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb hLb Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvÕ `k©b Ki‡jb Agwb cvVKM‡Yi c¶ n‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm‡K m‡¤^vabc~e©K ej‡jb:

(A_©vr, ÒAvgiv hZ †ivMx †ZvgviB Ici Avgv‡ì mK‡ji `„wó wbe×, Zzwg †Lv`vi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgv‡ì Ôgwmn&Õ nIÓ|)ïay GUvB bq, AZ:ci hLbB †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zvi wkl¨ nIqvi Rb¨ AvmZ, wZwb ej‡Zb:

Òm~‡h©i D`q n‡q‡Q| GLb ZviKv¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| hvI, nhiZ mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q `x¶v MÖnY Ki|Ó2

cÖwm× Av‡Q †h, wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q `x¶v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Av‡e`bI K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ ûhyi ej‡jb, †h, Avjøvn ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K Av‡`k bv nIqv ch©šÍ ÔeqAvZÕ wb‡Z wZwb cÖ¯ÍyZ bb|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` kixd mv‡ne ev½v‡jvixi AwfgZ :†gŠjvbv gynv¤§` kixd mv‡ne ev½v‡jv‡ii weL¨vZ gymjgvb msev`cÎ Ôgbmy‡i gynv¤§`xÕi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| wZwb ÔRvAvj& nv‡°v I hvnvKvj ev‡Zjv, Bbœvj ev‡Zjv Kvbv hvûKvÓ (mZ¨ G‡m‡Q, AmZ¨ cjvqb K‡i‡Q; wbðqB AmZ¨ `ªƒZ cjvqb K‡i _v‡K) kxl©K cÖe‡Ü wjL‡jb:

Ô`xN©Kvj hveZ Avgv‡ì AvMÖn wQj Bmjv‡gi Av‡jg‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb

(1) ÔZvAvm&myiv‡Z Kvw`qvb,Õ gvjxK dRj ûmv‡qb mv‡ne cÖYxZ, 64-68 c„:|(2) ÔGjvgv‡Z †Lv`vI‡›` Kixg, cxi Bd‡ZLvi Avng` mv‡ne cÖYxZ|


nhiZ, hv‡K †Lv`v Øx‡bi mvnvh¨ Kivi †ZŠwdK †`b, Ggb †Kv‡bv wKZve iPbv cÖYqb I msKjb K‡ib, hv eZ©gvb Kv‡jvc‡hvMx nq Ges †hŠw³K I HwZnvwmK cÖgvY Øviv KziAvb Kixg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi evK¨ nIqv Ges Auv- nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi beyI‡Zi mZ¨Zv cÖwZcv` K‡i| †Lv`vi †kvKi, GB AvMÖn c~Y© n‡q‡Q|Ó1

K‡qK gvm c‡i Avevi wjL‡jb:ÔGB wKZv‡ei AwaK cÖksmv Kiv m¤¢e bq| cÖK…Z c‡¶, †hiƒc Mfxi M‡elYv Øviv GB wKZv‡e Bmjv‡gi kÎæ‡ì Dci Bmjv‡gi cªvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †Kv‡bv cÖksmvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv|

wKš‘ Avgiv GUv bv e‡j cvwi bv †h, wbtm‡›`‡n wKZvewUi †Kv‡bv Zzjbv †bB Ges †hfv‡e gnvcivμ‡gi mv‡_ h_v_© cÖgvY †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges MÖš’Kvi ÔgvÏv whjøyû (Zuvi Qvqv `xN© †nvKÕ) Zuvi Kvkd I Bjnvg mg~nI Bmjv‡gi weiæ×ev`x‡ì Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡i w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡Z KviI †Kv‡bv m‡›`n _vK‡j Zviv Hkx Kvkd Ges cig †R¨vwZg©vjv hv Hk¦x K…cv Gme wel‡q MÖš’Kv‡ii cweÎ mvnP‡h© †_‡K cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Bmjv‡gi c„ô-†cvlKZvq Ges beyIZ I KziAv‡bi mZ¨Zv ms¯’vc‡b GB jv-Reve wKZv‡ei †KvbB Zzjbv †bB| GUv Ggb D”Pv‡½i iPbv Ges AKvU¨ hyw³ cÖgvY m¤^wjZ †h Gi DË‡ii Rb¨ weiæ×ev`x‡ì `k nvRvi UvKvi cyi¯‹vi cÖ`v‡bi †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Bk‡Znvi eûKvj Av‡M †`qv nq| wKš‘ †KD G ch©šÍ Kjg aivi mvnm K‡iwb|Ó2

Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqviÕ wewfbœ LÐ cÖKv‡ki mgq Kvj:Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqvi cÖ_g `yB LÐ 1880 mv‡j, Z…Zxq LÐ 1882 mv‡j Ges PZz_© LÐ 1883 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|

Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖ‡Póv :†`‡ki cÖwm× cwÎKv¸‡jvi e‡`Šj‡Z Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ cwiPq †`‡ki GK cÖvšÍ n‡Z Aci cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ we¯Ívi jvf Kij| wKš‘ AwaKvsk gymjgvb

(1) Ôgbmy‡i gynv¤§`Õ (ev½v‡jvi) 25 iRe 1300 wn: mvj|(2) Ôgbmy‡i gynv¤§`,Õ (ev½v‡jvi) 5B Rgvw`Dj Av‡Li, 1301 wn: mvj


Avgxi Dgviv Giƒc D`vmxb wQj †h, GB wKZve †Kbvi Rb¨ nhiZ mv‡ne‡K μgvMZ Zv‡`i cÎ wjL‡Z n‡qwQj| G mgq wZwb fxlY Kg©e¨¯Í _vK‡Zb Zey, wZwb wb‡RB c¨v‡KU cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Zb Ges MÖvn‡Ki wVKvbvI wjL‡Zb|

beve wmwÏK nvmvb Luvi Avðh© e¨envi :beve wmwÏK nvmvb Luv mv‡ne giûg, ÔAvn‡j-nvw`mÕ m¤cÖ`v‡qi GKRb cÖwm× Av‡jg wQ‡jb| f~cv‡ji kvmb KZ©v beve kvnRvnvb †eM‡gi mv‡_ Zvi we‡q nIqvq Zvi L¨vwZ Av‡iv Qwo‡q c‡o| wZwb ag©xq cy¯ÍKvw` cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ we‡kl hZœevb wQ‡jb| GRb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm Zv‡K GKRb myü` gymjgvb g‡b K‡i Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ cÖKv‡k Ask MÖn‡Yi cÖwZ Zvi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib| nhi‡Zi †cÖiYvi d‡j cÖ_‡g wZwb c‡bi wekwU eB †Kbvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| wKš‘ wØZxqevi GwelqwU ¯§iY Kiv‡bv n‡j wZwb Bs‡iR MfY©‡g‡›Ui f‡qi IRi w`‡q cwi®‹vifv‡e A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡ib Ges Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqviÕ †h c¨v‡KU Zvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡QwQj Zv wQbœ wew”Qbœ K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GKRb gyix` nv‡dR nv‡g` Avjx kvn mv‡ne e‡jb, hLb wKZve †dir Avmj ZLb nhiZ mv‡ne cvqPvwi KiwQ‡jb| wKZv‡ei Ggb `y`©kv †`‡L nhi‡Zi †Pnviv gyeviK cwieZ©b n‡q †Mj Ges iv‡M i³eY© aviY Kij| nhiZ mv‡ne‡K Rxe‡b Giƒc ivMvwš^Z n‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| Zuvi †Pnviv †`‡L g‡b nw”Qj wZwb AZ¨šÍ Amš‘ó n‡q‡Qb| wZwb `¯‘i gZ Gw`K †mw`K cvqPvwi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Ges wbie _vK‡jb| nVvr Zvi cweÎ gyL †_‡K GB kã¸‡jv D”PvwiZ nj :

ÒAv”Qv, Avcwb Avcbvi MfY©‡g›U‡K mš‘ó Kiæb|Ó

GB †`vqvI Ki‡jb Zvi m¤§vb webó †nvK| AZ:ci, Ôevivnx‡b- Avn&g`xqviÕ PZz_© LÐ cÖKvk Kv‡j nhiZ AvK`vm beve mv‡n‡ei GB bxwZ weiæ× AvPi‡Yi cÖwZ m‡¼Zc~e©K wjL‡jb:

ÒAvgivI beve mv‡ne‡K fimvi ¯’j g‡b Kwi bv| †Lv`ve›` KixgB wbf©i¯’j Ges wZwbB h‡_ó| (†Lv`v Kiæb, Bs‡iR MfY©‡g›U beve mv‡n‡ei cÖwZ AZ¨šÍ mš‘ó †nvK)|Ó1

(1) PZz_© LÐ Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqviÕ mv‡_ Bk‡Znvi|


nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Giƒc †jLvi K‡qK gvm c‡iB, †h Bs‡iR MfY©‡g‡›Ui Ômš‘wói Rb¨Õ beve mv‡ne Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvÕ μq Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb, †mB Bs‡iR MfY©‡g›U Zvi weiæ‡× GKwU ivR‰bwZK †gvKÏgv `uvo Kivq| Zvi ÔbeveÕ Dcvwa †K‡o †bqv n‡jv| Gi d‡j, beve mv‡ne †ek Dw×Mœ n‡q co‡jb, Avj-Avgvb Iqvj nvdxh| GB me wec`vc` †_‡K wb®K…wZ cvIqvi Rb¨ wZwb eû †Póv Ki‡jb| †Kv‡bv †PóvB mdj nj bv| Gm¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb:

Òbeve wmwÏK nvmvb Luv mv‡n‡ei Ici GB †h wec` (Ge‡Zjv) Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQj Zv Avgvi GKwU fwel¨ØvYxi d‡j n‡qwQj| Ôevivnx‡b- Avn&g`xqvÕ‡Z Zv wjwLZ Av‡Q| wZwb Avgvi wKZve Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvÕ wQbœwfbœ K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Avwg †`vqv Kijvg, Zvi m¤§vb webó †nvK| e¯‘Z: GgbB NUj|Ó1

beve mv‡ne hLb Zvi Aciva eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z AZ¨šÍ Abybq webq K‡i cÎ‡hv‡M †`vqvi Av‡e`b Ki‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb :

ÒZLb Avwg Zv‡K K…cvi cvÎ g‡b K‡i †`vqv Kijvg| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡K ej‡jb kvw¯Í †_‡K Zv‡K i¶v Kiv njÕ| Ae‡k‡l wKQyKvj c‡i Zvi m¤^‡Ü MfY©‡g‡›Ui Av‡`k nj, wmwÏK nvmvb Luv m¤úwK©Z beve Dcvwa envj iBj|Ó2

Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqvi cÖKvk g~jZweÕ:Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ PZz_© LÐ 1804 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq| GB L‡Ði †kl c„ôvq nhiZ AvK`vm GB †NvlYv cÖKvk K‡ib:

ÔcÖ_‡g hLb GB wKZve cÖYqb Kiv nq, ZLb Gi Ab¨ cÖKvi Ae¯’v wQj| AZ:ci mnmv Hkx gwngv cÖKvwkZ n‡jv GB Aagvag ev›`v‡K gymvi b¨vq Ggb GK RMZ m¤^‡Ü msev` †`qv n‡jv hvi m¤^‡Ü GB Aa‡gi BwZc~‡e© †Kv‡bv cwiPq wQj bv| A_©vr, GB AagI nhiZ Be‡b Bgiv‡bi b¨vq Zvi wPšÍvi AÜKvi iv‡Z cwiåg‡Y e¨¯Í wQj| GKevi c`©vi AšÍivj †_‡K ÔBwbœ Avbv iveŸyKvÕ (AvwgB †Zvgvi cÖfy, m„wó I cvjbKZ©vÕ) kã nj Ges Ggb

(1) I (2) ÔZvwZ¤§v‡q-nvw°KvZzj-Anx 37c„:


¸ß welq mg~n cÖKvwkZ nj hv Avgvi Ávb ev aviYvi AZxZ wQj| myZivs GLb n‡Z cÖKv‡k¨ I AcÖKv‡k¨ nhiZ iveŸyj Avjvgxb Avgvi AwffveK I Kvh©wbe©vnK n‡jb|Ó1

Z`byhvqx ms¯‹viK I cÖZ¨vw`ó nIqvi `vwei ci Hkx B”Qvq 23 eQi ch©šÍ Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ cieZx© As‡ki g~`ªY gyjZwe iBj| Ae‡k‡l, 1905 wLªóv‡ã Gi cÂg I †kl LÐ cÖKvwkZ nj| hwÌ GB L‡Û c~e©eZx© L‡Ði iPbvi mv‡_ avivevwnKZv wQj bv, Z_vwc GB `xN© mg‡q Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqviÕ cÖ_g PviwU L‡Ð ewY©Z fwel¨ØvYx¸‡jvi c~Y©Zvi weeiY w`‡q GK wnmv‡e nyRyi c~e©eZx© LÐ¸‡jvi mv‡_ Gi ms‡hvM i¶v K‡i‡Qb|

ÔgyRv‡Ïw`qZÕ I ÔgvgywiqZÕ m¤úwK©Z cÖ_g Bj&nvgtÔevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqviÕ Pvi LÐ wb‡q GK m‡½ Av‡jvPbvq e¨vc„Z nIqvq Avgiv gaëZx© NUbvmg~n cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQjvg| myZivs, Zr-mgy`‡qi Av‡jvPbv Avevi ïiæ KiwQ|

1882 mv‡ji K_v| nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb:

ÒGKevi Bjnvg nj (EaŸ©‡jv‡Ki †d‡ik&ZvMY Av‡jvPbviZ)| A_©vr, Hkx AwfcÖvq ag© mÄxebv‡_© DÏxß| wKš‘ EaŸ©‡jv‡K GLbI w¯’ixK…Z nqwb †h, cÖvY mÂviK †K n‡eb?Ó2

AZ:ci, c‡ii c„ôvq wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒGB mgq Avwg ¯^‡cœ †`Ljvg, RbmvaviY GKRb mÄxebKvixi A‡š^lY Ki‡Q Ges GK e¨w³ Avgvi wbK‡U G‡m Cw½Zc~e©K ej‡jv :

A_©vr ÔBwb †mB e¨w³ whwb Avjøvni imyj (nhiZ †gvnv¤§` mv.) †K fvjev‡mbÕ| GB evYxi Zvrch© wQj, GB c‡ì cÖ_g kZ© imyj (mv.) Gi †cÖg| Zv GB e¨w³i g‡a¨ c~Y©gvÎvq Av‡Q|Ó3

†mB mgq AvuÑnhiZ (m.) †K GK ¯^‡cœ †`L‡jb :

ÒGK iv‡Z Avwg wjLwQjvg| BwZg‡a¨ Avgvi Nyg †cj| Avwg ï‡q †Mjvg|

(1) Ônvg AvIi nvgvix wKZve,Õ †kl c„ôv, evivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ PZz_© LÐ|(2) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ PZz_© LÐ, 502 c„:|(3) IB 503 c„:|


ZLb Avwg Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg‡K `k©b Kijvg| Zuvi †Pnviv c~Y© P‡›`ªi b¨vq D¾¡j wQj| wZwb Avgvi wbKUeZx© n‡jb| Avwg Ggb †eva Kijvg †h, wZwb Avgv‡K Avwj½b Ki‡Z Pvb| Avwg †`Ljvg, Zuvi †Pnviv †_‡K Av‡jvK-iwk¥ ù~wiZ n‡q Avgvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q| Avwg GB ik¥x¸‡jv‡K evwn¨K Av‡jvK wn‡m‡e jvf KiwQjvg Ges wbwðZ eySwQjvg †h, Avwg ïay AšÍ`„©wó w`‡qB bq eis ¯^P‡¶I †`LwQ Ges GB Avwj½‡bi ci Avwg GUv Abyfe Kwiwb †h, wZwb Avgv n‡Z c„_K n‡jb ev GUvI eywSwb †h, wZwb cÖ¯’vb Ki‡jb| AZ:ci, Avgvi Dci Bjnv‡g Bjvnxi ìRv Ly‡j †Mj Ges Avgvi iveŸ& Avgv‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ej‡jb :1

A_©vr Ô†n Avng`, Avjøvn ZvAvjv †Zvgv‡K Avwkm w`‡q‡Qb| myZivs, Zzwg a‡g©i †mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h AvNvZ weiæ×ev`x‡ì Dci K‡iQ, Zv Zzwg Kiwb; eis Avjøvn& ZvAvjv K‡i‡Qb| †Lv`v †Zvgv‡K KziAvb Kix‡gi Ávb `vb K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z Zzwg Hme †jvK‡K mZK© Ki, hv‡ì c~e©-cyiæl‡ì‡K mZK© Kiv nqwb Ges hv‡Z Acivax‡ì c_ cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq| †jvK‡ì‡K ej, Ô†Lv`vi c¶ †_‡K Avgv‡K Avw`ó (ÔgvgyiÕ) Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Avwg me©cÖ_g Cgvb G‡bwQ|Ó2

Dc‡i ewY©Z Bj&nvg Ges ¯^cœ¸‡jv †_‡K GK_v my¯úó nq AvKv‡k Ôgvgywiq‡ZiÕ gnvb c‡` whwb Awfwl³ nIqvi wQ‡jb Zvi Rb¨ cÖavb kZ© GUvB wba©vwiZ wQj †h, wZwb Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÖwZ Ggb †cÖg I fv‡jvevmv †cvlY Ki‡eb †h, c„w_ex‡Z †Kv_vI Zvi Zzjbv cvIqv hv‡e bv| myZivs Zvi g‡a¨ GB kZ© c~Y© nIqvq, Zuvi c‡¶B wggvsmv cÖ`Ë nj| ÔAvjøvû¤§v mv‡jø Avjv gynv¤§v‡Ì Iqv Av‡j gynv¤§v`Õ|

ÔgvgywiqZÕ m¤ú‡K© me©cÖ_g wZwb GB Bj&nvgB cÖvß nb| wKš‘ ZLb ch©šÍ eqAvZ (`x¶v) MÖn‡Y Avw`ó bv nIqvq, wZwb `x¶v wb‡q ixwZgZ †Kv‡bv RvgvÕ‡Zi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ibwb|Õ

G mg‡qB wZwb Ggb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Bj&nvg cÖvß nb, hv Øviv cÖwZqgvb nq, ÒwkMwMiB IB mgq Avm‡Q, hLb AmsL¨ gvbyl †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K Avwkm

(1) ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ, 550 c„:|(2) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ Z…Zxq LÐ, 238 c„:, Ônvwkqv ì nvwkqv|


jvf Kivi Rb¨ Kvw`qvb Avm‡e|1Ó Òmveavb, eû †jvKmgvM‡g I mv¶v‡Zi d‡j KLbI weiw³ †eva Ki‡e bv|2Ó e¯‘Z, hZB Zuvi D¾¡j fwel¨r m¤^‡Ü AewnZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zuvi Dci Bjnv‡gi ci Bjnvg AeZxY© n‡Z jvMj, wZwb Auv nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi †cª‡g ZZB DbœwZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| KviY, wZwb Zv DËgiƒ‡c Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h, G me Hkx †R¨vwZ ev ÔAvb&Iqv‡i BjvnxÕ Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi AbyewZ©Zv I Avkx‡li d‡jB cÖvß nw”Q‡jb| GRb¨ wZwb Zuvi ¸iæ bex mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi Dc‡i eûj cwigv‡Y ìæ` cvV ïiæ Ki‡jb| GgbwK, 1883 mv‡j Zuvi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Kiv nj †h, Zuv‡K Ges nhiZ Cmv AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg‡K GKB mË¡v w`‡q m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zuviv GKB e¯‘i m`„k|3

GB mg‡qB ìæ` kixd cv‡Vi Aby‡cÖiYvmn GB Bjnvg n‡qwQj :

A_©vr ÒAuv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg Av`g mšÍvb‡ì g‡a¨ †kªô cyiæl Ges wZwb LvZvgvb&-bvexq¨xb| Zuvi Dci Ges Zuvi AbyeZx©i Dci ìæ` cvV Ki|4Ó e¯‘Z: wZwb Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi Dci GZ AwaK ìæ` cvV ïiæ Ki‡jb †h, wZwb e‡jb:

ÒGB mgq Avgvi ¯§iY Av‡Q †h, GK iv‡Z GB Aag GZ AwaK ìæ` cvV Kij †h, gvb-cÖvY ZvØviv, †mŠifgq n‡q †Mj| †mB iv‡Z ¯^‡cœ †`Ljvg †h, ¯^”Q mywgó R‡ji AvKv‡i †R¨vwZi gkK mg~n †dikZvMY GB Aa‡gi N‡i Avm‡Qb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb ejj †h, GB Avwkm¸‡jv ZvB hv Zzwg gynv¤§‡ì cÖwZ cvwV‡qwQ‡j| mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg|5Ó Gmgq wZwb GB Bjnvg cÖvß n‡jb|

A_©vr, ÒZzwg †jvK‡ì‡K ej, hw` †Zvgiv Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi mv‡_ †cÖg Ki‡Z PvI, Z‡e Gi GKwU gvÎ c_ Av‡Q Ges Zv n‡jv, Avgvi AbyewZ©Zv Ki|Ó6

(1) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ Z…Zxq, LÐ, 24 c„: n‡Z Abyw`Z|(2) IB 242 c„:|(3) ÔnvgvgvZzj eykivÕ n‡Z Abyw`Z, 42 c„:|(4) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ PZz_© LÐ, 502-503 c„:|(5) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ PZz_© LÐ, 502 c„:|(6) Ôevivnx‡b-Avn&g`xqv,Õ PZz_© LÛ, 240 c„:|


Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cweÎZv †NvlYv Kwi| wK Avðh© Hkx AbyK¤úv! Zuv‡K Av‡`k Kiv nj, Òhw` Zzwg Avgvi ìev‡i D”P¯’vb jvf Ki‡Z PvI, Zv n‡j Auv nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÖwZ AwaK gvÎvq ìæ` cvV Ki,Ó Ges Zuvi hy‡Mi gvbyl‡K Av‡`k Kiv nj, ÒGhy‡M hw` †Zvgiv Avjøvni mv‡_ †cÖg Ki‡Z PvI, Zv n‡j †Zvgiv GB e¨w³i AbyMvgx nI|Ó

Ômyenvbvjøv‡n Iqv †envg‡`wn, myenvbvjøvwnj Avhxg| Avjøvû¤§v mv‡jø Avjv gynv¤§‡ÌÕ Iqv AvÕjv Av‡j gynv¤§v`Õ|

wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡n‡ei g„Zz¨ :nhiZ AvK`vm Gi †R¨ô åvZv wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne 1868 m‡jI GKevi AZ¨šÍ Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zuv‡K ¯^cœ‡hv‡M ÁvZ K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Zuv‡ì GKRb c~e©cyiæl Zuvi åvZv‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Qb| GB cÖKvi ¯^‡cœi A_© g„Zz¨| GRb¨ wZwb AZ¨šÍ DwØMœ n‡jb| wZwb Zvi ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ KvbœvKvwU K‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki‡jb| wKQyw`b ci ¯^‡cœ †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h, Zuvi åvZv m¤ú~Y© my¯’ e¨w³i b¨vq †Kvb wKQzi Dci fi bv w`‡q evwo‡Z Pjv‡div Ki‡Qb| e¯‘Z: Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zv‡K Av‡ivM¨ `vb Ki‡jb| Ôdvj&-nvg`y wjjøv‡n AvÕjv hv‡jKvÕ|

G NUbvi c‡bi eQi ci, 1883 mv‡j †Kv‡bv Kv‡h©vcj‡¶ ûhyi Ag„Zmi Mgb K‡ib| Z_vq ¯^‡cœ †`L‡jb, GLb Zvi fvB‡qi Avqy c~Y© n‡q‡Q| kxNÖB wZwb Bnavg cwiZ¨vM Ki‡eb| wZwb GB ¯^cœwU Ag„Zm‡iB nvwKg gynv¤§` kixd mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb Ges Zvi fvB‡KI cÎ Øviv msev` w`‡jb, ÒAvcwb cvi‡jŠwKK wel‡q g‡bv‡hvMx †nvb| KviY, Avgv‡K †`Lvb n‡q‡Q †h, Avcbvi Rxe‡bi Avi Aí w`b gvÎ evwK Av‡Q|Ó wgh©v †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne N‡ii mevB‡KB GB ¯^‡cœ ewY©Z wel‡qi Lei w`‡jb| AZ:ci, K‡qK mßv‡ni g‡a¨B wZwb GB bk¦i msmvi cwiZ¨vM K‡ib|1 Ôdv-Bbœv wjjøv‡n I Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ|

wgh©v myjZvb Avn&g‡ì Znkxj`vix cix¶vq K…ZKvh©Zv :AvbygvwbK †deªæqvwi 1884 mv‡j nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Rô cyÎ wgh©v myjZvb Avng` mv‡ne Znkxj`vi PvKwii Rb¨ cix¶v †`b Ges cvm nIqvi Rb¨

(1) ÔwZiBqvKzj-KzjyeÕ 69 c„:|


wcZvi Kv‡Q cÎ Øviv †`vqvi Av‡e`b K‡ib| nyhyi AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg e‡jb:

Ò†mB cÎ cvV K‡i cvw_©e wel‡q Zvi GZ wPšÍv †`‡L `qvi cwie‡Z© Avgvi ivM Rb¥v‡jv| GB Aag cÎwU cvV Kiv gvÎ AZ¨šÍ N„Yv †eva Kijvg Ges cÎwU wQu‡o †djjvg| g‡b g‡b ms‡KvP †eva KiwQjvg GB †f‡e †h, GKwU cvw_©e welq wb‡q wKfv‡e Avgvi gvwj‡Ki mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡ev? cÎwU wQuoevi ci¶‡YB Bjnvg nj Ôcvm n‡eÕ| GB Avðh©RbK BjnvgI AwaKvsk e¨w³‡KB Rvbvb nj| e¯‘Z: †mB †Q‡j cvm Kij| Ôdvj&nvg&`ywjjøvn|Ó1

ûhyi AvK`v‡mi wØZxq weevn:nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wØZxq weevn m¤^‡Ü 1881 mvj †_‡K Bj&nvg ïiæ nq| wKš‘ 1884 mv‡j wM‡q Zv mym¤úbœ nq|

1881 mv‡j wZwb Bj&nvg cÖvß n‡jb|

A_©vr ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡K GK mykªx cy‡Îi mymsev` w`w”Q|2

†mB mg‡qB Av‡iv GKwU Bjnvg nj:

A_©vr K…ZÁ nI, Zzwg Avgvi Lw`Rv‡K jvf Ki‡j|Ó3

†Zgb Av‡iv GKwU Bjnvg cÖvß n‡jb:

A_©vr Òmg¨K cÖksmvi cvÎ Avjøvn| wZwb †Zvgvi ˆeevwnK m¤^Ü GK f`ª cwiev‡ii mv‡_ w¯’i K‡i‡Qb Ges †Zvgvi wbR esk‡KI m¤£všÍ K‡i‡Qb|Ó4 †Zgb GKevi wZwb GB Bj&nvg cÖvß n‡jb

(1) 1884m‡bi 11 †g Zvwi‡L SvRh‡ii beve Avjx gynv¤§` Luv mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q cÎ| (AvjnvKvg 3q el©, 34 msL¨v, 23 †m‡Þ¤^i 1899 mvj)|

(2) ÔwZiBqvKzj-KzjyeÕ, 34 c„:|(3) Ôbhyjyj gwmnÕ 146-47 c„:(4) ÔwZiBqvKzj KzjyeÕ 64 c„:


A_©vr ÒAvwg †Zvgvi Av‡iv GKwU we‡q Kivevi msKí K‡iwQ| hveZxq Av‡qvRb Avwg wb‡RB Kie| †Kv‡bv wel‡q †Zvgvi Amyweav n‡e bv|ÓG m¤ú‡K© dviwm fvlv‡ZI GKwU Bjnvg cÖvß nb:

A_©vr ÒcvÎxi Rb¨ hv Av‡qvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb, Avwg Av‡qvRb Kie Ges †Zvgvi hveZxq cÖ‡qvRb wbe©vn Kie|Ó1

ûhyi e‡jb:ÒGB fwel¨ØvYx Acivci Bj&nv‡g AwaKZi cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv nj| Ggb wK, kn‡ii bvg ch©šÍ ejv nj| A_©vr w`jøx| GB fwel¨ØvYx eû e¨w³‡K †kvbv‡bv nj| †hgb wjwLZ n‡qwQj, †Zgwb cÖKvwkZ nj| KviY, c~e©eZx© †Kv‡bv NwbóZv ev AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I w`jøx‡Z GK f`ª I cÖwm× ˆmq` cwiev‡i Avgvi we‡q nj| †h‡nZz †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Iqv`v wQj †h, Avgvi es‡k Bmjv‡gi mvnvh¨v‡_© GK weivU wfwË ¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges Zv †_‡K †mB e¨w³‡K cq`v Ki‡eb hvi g‡a¨ ÔAvmgvbx iænÕ _vK‡e, Z¾b¨ wZwb GB cwiev‡ii Kb¨vi mv‡_ Avgvi cwiYq Ges Zvi M‡f© †mB me mšÍv‡bi Rb¥ nIqv cQ›` Ki‡jb, hviv Avgvi nvZ Øviv ewcZ †R¨vwZ: c„w_ex‡Z AwaK n‡Z AwaKZi we¯Ívi Ki‡e| GUv KvKZvjxq e¨vcvi wQj †h, ˆmq`M‡Yi `v`xi bvg Ômni evbyÕ Ges Avgvi GB wewe whwb Avgvi fwel¨r eska‡ii gvZv n‡eb Zuvi bvg Ôbymir Rvnvb †eMgÕ| Gi g‡a¨ GB ïf j¶‡Yi Bw½Z wQj e‡j g‡b nq †h, †Lv`v mgMÖ we‡k¦i mvnvh¨v‡_© Avgvi fwel¨r eska‡ii wfwË cËb K‡i‡Qb| †Lv`v ZvAvjvi ixwZ GB †h, KL‡bv KL‡bv bv‡gi g‡a¨I Zuvi fwel¨ØvYx AšÍwb©wnZ _v‡K|Ó2

Dc‡ii ewY©Z wel‡qi wek` NUbv GB : nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡ne ivwhAvjøvû Avb&û w`jøxi GK mycÖwm× ˆmq` cwiev‡ii D¾¡j iZœ wQ‡jb| Zuvi Kv‡Q wcZ…K‚‡j gyNj †mbvcwZ Avgxiæj Dgviv kvg&mvgy‡ÏŠjv beve Lv‡b `vIiv‡b Lvb evnv`yi eK&kx gb&myi R½& bv‡g GK eyRyM© wQ‡jb Ges gvZ…K‚‡j Zuvi m¤úK© nhiZ LvRv gxi `i` ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡ni mv‡_ wQj| ZK&Iqv ci‡nRMvix‡Z Zvi cwievi mgMÖ wn›`y¯’v‡b cÖwm×| wZwb PvKwii Rb¨ cvÄv‡e wQ‡jb| ¸iæ`vmcyi †Rjvq Kvw`qv‡bi wbKUeZx©

(1) Ôkvn bv‡q-nK&, 57-58 c„:|(2) ÔwZiBqvKzj-KzjyeÕ, 64-65 c„:|


¯’v‡bB, Lvm Kvw`qv‡b nhiZ AvK`v‡mi M„‡nI wKQy mgq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cyY¨ PwiÎ, ZvK&Iqv I ci‡nRMvix fvj g‡Zv Rvb‡Zb| wZwb GLvb †_‡K e`wj n‡q wKQz ¯’v‡b PvKwii ci 1884 mv‡j hLb gyjZvb †cŠQ‡jb ZLb wZwb Zvi Kb¨v bymiZ Rvnvb †eM‡gi we‡qi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe Ki‡jb| m¤^Ü AbymÜvbv‡_© wZwb `xN©Kvjxb QywU wb‡q w`jøx Mgb K‡ib| mr I mvay RvgvZv cvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb eû †`vqv Ki‡jb Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡ZI †`vqvi Rb¨ wjL‡jb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wb‡RiB we‡qi cÖ‡qvRb wQj|

nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡ne e‡jb:ÒAvgvi c‡Îi DË‡i wgh©v mv‡ne Avgv‡K wjL‡jb †h, Zuvi cÖ_gv ¯¿xi mv‡_ Zuvi m¤úK© bv _vKvi gZ| wZwb Av‡iKwU we‡q Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡ib Ges Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Bjnvg Øviv Zv‡K ÁvZ K‡i‡Qb †h, Zvi Lv›`vb †hgb fvj, †Zgwb Zv‡K ˆmq`‡ì gnr cwievi †_‡K ¯¿x `vb Ki‡eb Ges GB we‡q ÔeiKZ c~Y©Õ n‡e| GB we‡qi hveZxq wel‡qi wggvsmv I mvgwMÖK Av‡qvRb †Lv`v ZvAvjv wb‡RB Ki‡eb| Zuvi †KvbB †eM †c‡Z n‡e bv| GB wQj Zuvi c‡Îi mvigg©|

ÒwZwb GUvI wjL‡jb, ÔAvcwb mij wP‡Ë Avcbvi Kb¨vi mv‡_ Avgvi we‡q w`b| †kl wggvsmv bv nIqv ch©šÍ welqwU ‡Mvc‡b ivL‡eb| cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z Z¡iv Ki‡eb bv|Ó1

nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡ne Av‡iv e‡jb :ÒcÖ_‡g Avwg BZ:¯ÍZ Kijvg| KviY, wgh©v mv‡n‡ei eqm wQj wKQy †ewk| ZvQvov, wewe I mšÍvb we`¨gvb Ges Avgv‡ì †Mv‡ÎiI bb| Zey nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei cyY¨gq Rxeb Ges mrcÖK…wZi cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡i Avwg g‡b g‡b GB mvay cyiæ‡li m‡½B Avgvi fvMëZx Kb¨vi we‡q `vb w¯’i Kijvg| KviY, c~Y¨gq Rxeb I mrcÖK…wZ Avwg g‡b-cÖv‡Y LuyRwQjvg| ZvQvov, w`jøxi Awaevmx‡ì Ges Z_vKvi AvPvi eënvi Avgvi Kv‡Q AcQ›`bxq wQj|Ó2

gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡n‡ei ¯¿xi mv‡_ GB weev‡n wØg‡Zi KviY mgyn

Ôbvbx Av¤§vÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ, †eMg mv‡nevi g‡Zi c‡_ GB evav¸‡jv wQj:

(1) Ônvqv‡Z bv‡miÕ, 7 c„:|(2) Ônvqv‡Z-bv‡mi,Õ 7-8 c„:|


ÒcÖ_g, g‡bi cÖ‡eva nw”Qj bv| wØZxq eq‡mi wQj fxlY cv_©K¨| Z…ZxqZ: cvÄvex‡ì cÖwZ w`jøxevmx AZ¨šÍ Akª×v †cvlY Ki‡Zb|Ó1

nhiZ bvbx Av¤§v wb‡Ri weeiY w`‡q‡Qb:ÒhLb nhiZ mv‡ne nhiZ gxi mv‡ne‡K Zuvi wb‡Ri Rb¨ wjL‡jb, ZLb Avwg fvj †eva Ki‡ev bv f‡q gxi mv‡ne Avgvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib bvB| GB mg‡q AviI wKQz ¯’vb †_‡K cÖ¯Íve G‡mwQj| †Kv_vI Avgvi gb:cyZ nqwb| Ae‡k‡l, GKw`b gxi mv‡ne GKRb jywaqvbvi Awaevmx m¤^‡Ü ej‡jb, Zvi c¶ †_‡K AZ¨šÍ AvMÖnc~Y© Av‡e`b G‡m‡Q Ges †jvKwUI fvj| Zvi mv‡_B m¤^Ü Kiv †nvK| wKš‘ Avwg hLb Zvi esk BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© AbymÜvb Kijvg, ZLb m¤^ÜwU m‡šÍvlRbK g‡b nj bv| Avwg A¯^xKvi Kijvg| G‡Z gxi mv‡ne GKUz Amš‘ó n‡q ej‡jb, Ô†g‡q 18 eQ‡ii n‡q‡Q| mvivRxebB wK Zv‡K GBfv‡e ewm‡q ivL‡e? Avwg ejjvg, ÔG‡ì †P‡q †Mvjvg Avng`B mnmª ¸‡Y fvjÕ| gxi mv‡ne Zr¶Yvr GKwU cÎ †ei K‡i Avgvi m¤§y‡L ivL‡jb Ges ej‡jb, ÔbvI, wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng‡ìI cÎ G‡m‡Q| hv nq, GLwb Avgv‡ì wggvsmv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, ÔAv”Qv, Z‡e †Mvjvg Avng`‡K wjLybÕ|Ó2

G‡Z nhiZ gxi mv‡ne ZLwb Kjg †`vqvZ wb‡q m¤§wZcÎ wjL‡jb| nhiZ gxi mv‡n‡ei cÎ cÖvwßi AvU w`b ci nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi †meK, nhiZ nv‡dR nv‡g` Avjx, jvjv gvjvIqvgj Ges AviI `yB e¨w³‡K m‡½ wb‡q w`jøx AvMgb Ki‡jb| nhiZ gxi mv‡n‡ei ÁvwZeM© GK_v Rvb‡Z †c‡i AZ¨šÍ Amš‘ó n‡jb| GK †Zv e„×, Z`ycwi cvÄvex! Zv‡K Kb¨v `vb Ki‡Q!Ó nhiZ AvK`vm †Kvb Aj¼vi ev Kvco m‡½ wb‡q hvbwb| ïay AvovBkÕ UvKv bM` wQj| G‡ZI AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡biv we`ªæc Ki‡jb, Òfvj we‡q w`‡q‡Qb! Aj¼viI bvB, Kvco †PvcoI bvB!Ó3

hv †nvK, 1884 mv‡ji 17 b‡f¤î Zvwi‡L LvRv gxi ì` iv‡ngvjøvn AvjvB‡ni gmwR‡` ÔAvmi Ges gvM‡i‡eiÕ AšÍe©Zx mg‡q GMvi kÕ UvKv †`b †gvni av‡h© †gŠjex ˆmq` bhxi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne gynv‡Ïm †`njex GB ïf weevn †NvlYv Ki‡jb| nhiZ gxi mv‡n‡ei AvZ¥x‡qiv `šÍ wb‡®úlY

(1) Ônvqv‡Z-Avn&g`Õ, wØZxq LÛ, Z…Zxq msL¨v, 77c„:|(2) ÔwmiZzj, gvn&`x,Õ wØZxq LÐ, 110-111 c„:|(3) Ônvqv‡Z-Avn&g`Õ, wØZxq LÛ, Z…Zxq msL¨v, 96 c„:|


K‡i i‡q †M‡jb| nhiZ gxi mv‡ne w`wjø‡ZB weev‡nvËi ÔiæLmvZvbviÕ KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| c‡ii w`b nhiZ AvK`vm Kvw`qvb iIbv n‡jb| GBfv‡e GB kv`x gyeviK m¤úbœ nj| Ôdvj&-nvg`ywjjøv‡n AvÕjv hv‡jKÕ|

Ôjvj Kvwji A‡jŠwKK wQuUvi wb`k©bÕ:1885 mv‡ji 10 RyjvB Zvwi‡L †mB AZ¨vðh© I A‡jŠwKK wb`k©b cÖKvwkZ nq hv Ôjvj wQuUvi wb`k©bÕ e‡j L¨vZ| †mw`b wQj 27 ighvb, ïμevi| dR‡ii bvgv‡Ri ci nhiZ AvK`vm Af¨vmvbymv‡i wekªvgv‡_© gmwR` gyevi‡Ki msjMœ c~e© w`K¯’ cÖ‡Kv‡ô wM‡q PvicvBi Dci kqb K‡ib| nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn mM‡bŠix mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvn Avb&û G m¤ú‡K© e‡jb:

ÒAvwg ZLb ûhy‡ii cv `vevw”Qjvg| c~e©w`‡K m~‡h©v`q nj Ges KvgivwU Av‡jvwKZ nj| nhiZ AvK`vm ZLb GKcv‡k¦© ï‡q wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi cweÎ gyLgÐ‡ji Dci Zuvi nv‡Zi KbyB †i‡LwQ‡jb| ZLb Avwg Avb‡›` we‡fvi n‡q fvewQjvg, Avwg KZ †mŠfvM¨evb! KZ DËg my‡hvM Avjøvn myenvbvû ZvAvjv Avgv‡K w`‡q‡Qb| ighvb kix‡di 27 gyeviK ZvwiL| †kl gyeviK `k w`‡bi g‡a¨I ïμevi! KZB gyeviK ce©| huvi c`cÖv‡šÍ e‡mwQ wZwbI KZ gyeviK! Avjøvû AvKei! GZ¸wj Avwkm AvR Avgvi Rb¨ GKwÎZ n‡q‡Q| †Lv`vI›` Kixg GLb hw` Avgv‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Kvb wb`k©b cÖ`k©b K‡ib, wewPÎ wK? Avwg cig myLgq GB fveavivi g‡a¨B wbgMœ wQjvg Ges Zuvi †Mvovwji Kv‡Q wUcwQjvg| nVvr nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gyeviK †`‡n g„`y K¤úb Abyfe Kijvg| GB K¤ú‡bi m‡½B ûhyi Zuvi nvZ gyLgÐj †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q Avgvi cÖwZ ZvKv‡jb| ZLb Zuvi P¶z hyMj AkÖæ‡Z cwic~Y© wQj | m¤¢eZ AkÖæ Mwo‡qI cowQj| cybivq GKBfv‡e gy‡Li Dci nvZ †i‡L wZwb ï‡q co‡jb| Ggb mgq, Avgvi `„wó †Mvovwji Dci coj| †mLv‡b jvj Kvwji GK we›`y †`Ljvg| Kvwji †duvUvwU m`¨ cwZZ n‡qwQj Ges ZLbI Zv we¯Z…Z nqwb| Avwg Avgvi ZR©bxi AMÖfvM IB we›`yi Dci ivL‡ZB Zv Qwo‡q coj| Kvwj Avgvi Av½y‡jI jvMj| ZLb Avwg AwffyZ n‡q cojvg Ges GB AvqvZ Avgvi g‡b D`q nj:

(ÔAvjøvn& ZvAvjvi iO Ges Avjøvni iO A‡c¶v DrK…óZi wKÕ?) g‡bi g‡a¨ GB K_vI Dw`Z nj †h, GUv hw` Avjøvni iO nq Zv n‡j m¤¢eZ: G‡Z myMwÜI Av‡Q| e¯‘Z: Avwg Avgvi Av½yj w`‡q NÖvY wbjvg| wKš‘ †Kvb MÜ


†cjvg bv| Zvici, Avwg †Mvovwji w`K †_‡K †Kvg‡ii w`‡K wUc‡Z jvMjvg| ZLb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi KzZ©vi Dc‡iI jvj Kvwji K‡qKwU wfRv `vM †`Ljvg| Avwg AZ¨šÍ Avðh©vwš^Z njvg| Avwg †mLvb †_‡K D‡V ùvovjvg Ges Kvgivi cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’vb Lye fvjgZ †`Ljvg| wKš‘ Avwg i³e‡Y©i †Kv‡bv wPý Kvgivi g‡a¨ †cjvg bv| Ae‡k‡l, Avwg nqivb n‡q e‡m cojvg Ges c~‡e©i b¨vq cv wUc‡Z jvMjvg| nhiZ mv‡ne gy‡Li Dci nvZ †i‡L Nywg‡qB _vK‡jb| wKQz¶Y c‡i ûhyi D‡V ci‡jb Ges ÔgmwR` gyevi‡KiÕ g‡a¨ G‡m em‡jb| Aag Av‡Mi g‡ZvB cybivq Zvi cv, †Kvgi BZ¨vw` wUc‡Z jvMjvg|

ÒZLb Avwg ûRy‡ii Kv‡Q AviR Kijvg, ÔûRyi, GB Kvwj †Kv_v n‡Z coj? cÖ_‡g †Zv wZwb †Kvb DËi †`bwb| Zvici, Aag cybivq Aby‡iva Ki‡j mg¯Í NUbvB Ly‡j ej‡jb, hv nhiZ AvK`vm we¯Z…Zfv‡e Zuvi wKZve mg~‡n eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|1 wKš‘ ejvi Av‡M GB Aag‡K iæBqv‡Z evwi ZvAvjv, A_©vr Avjøvni w``vi Ges wèv‡jv‡K `„ó e¯‘¸‡jvi evn¨ RM‡Z AvK…wZ cwiMÖn m¤ú‡K© nhiZ gwnDÏxb Be‡b Aviexi NUbvejx ïwb‡q DËgfv‡e eywS‡q w`‡jb-GB RM‡Z wm× cyiæl‡ì gvayh© I gwngvgq, wK¤^v cÖZvcgq (Rvgvjx wK¤^v Rvjvjx) †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Hkx¸Y iƒcK AvK…wZ‡Z †`Lvb n‡q _v‡K| Zvici, nhiZ Avgv‡K ej‡jb, ÔAvcbvi Kvc‡oI †Kv‡bv we›`y cwZZ n‡q‡Q wK? Avwg Avgvi Kvco Gw`‡K †mw`‡K †`‡L wb‡e`b Kijvg, nhiZ, Avgvi Dci †Zv †Kvb we›`y c‡o bvBÕ| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvcbvi Uzwc †`Lyb| Avgvi Uzwc mv`v gjg‡j wQj| Avwg Uywc bvwg‡q †`Ljvg Gi Dc‡i GKwU we›`y wQj| ZLb Avwg AZ¨šÍ mš‘ó njvg, Avgvi Dc‡iI †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kvwji GK we›`y cwZZ n‡q‡Q| ûhy‡ii †h KzZ©vi Dci Kvwji wQUv wbcwZZ n‡qwQj †mUv GB Aag we‡kl Aby‡iva K‡i nhiZ AvK`vm †_‡K ÔZveviæKÕ ¯îƒc †P‡q wbjvg GB A½xKvive× n‡q †h, ÒAvwg Imxq¨Z K‡i hve †hb Avgvi Kvd‡bi m‡½ GB KzZ©v `vdb Kiv nq| †Kbbv, nhiZ AvK`vm GB Rb¨ Zv w`‡Z A¯^xKvi KiwQ‡jb †h, Avgvi Ges Zvi c‡i Gi Øviv ÔwkiKÕ Qov‡eÑ †jv‡K G‡K `k©b †K‡›`ª cwiYZ Ki‡e Ges Gi c~Rv ïiæ Ki‡e| e¯‘Z: eû ev`vbyev‡ì ci Zv `vb Ki‡jb| GUv GLb ch©šÍ Avgvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q| jvj Kvwji `vM GLbI m¤ú~Y© AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq we`¨gvb|Ó2

(1) †`Lyb, Ômyigv Pk‡g AvwiqvÕ, 131-32 c„: Ôbhyjyj-gwmn&Õ BZ¨vw`|(2) ÔAvj-dhjÕ, 26 wW‡m¤î 1916 mvj|


nhiZ wgTv Ave`yjøvn mv‡ne mv‡bŠix ivwh Avjøvû Avbû 1927 mv‡ji 7 A‡±vei Zvwi‡L ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|1 Zuv‡K †Mvmj †`qvi ci Zvi Imxq¨Z Abymv‡i Zuv‡K GB KzZ©v civ‡bv nq| webxZ MÖš’KviI Hme †mŠfvM¨kvjx e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb hv‡ì GB KyZ©v `k©‡bi fvM¨jvf n‡qwQj|

wewfbœ a‡g©i †bZ…eM©‡K wb`k©b †`Lvi AvnŸvb Ges gyRv‡Ïw`qvZ I gvgywiqvZ †NvlYv :1885 mv‡ji cÖ_gw`‡K wZwb wewfbœ a‡g©i †bZ…eM© Ges Bmjv‡gi mvi_x‡ì‡K m`¨ eiKZ Ges wb`k©bmg~n cÖZ¨¶ Kivi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb Zuvi `vwe m¤^wjZ GKwU cÖPvi cÎ Bs‡iwR Ges D`©y Dfq fvlv‡ZB cÖKvk K‡ib| Zv †_‡K Riæwi D×„wZ GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj :

ÒMÖš’Kvi‡K GB K_viI Ávb †`qv n‡q‡Q wZwb mgmvgwqK gyRv‡Ï` Ges iænvbxfv‡e Zvi KvgvjvZ (†mŠ›`h©vejx)| gwmn Be‡b gwiqv‡gi Kvgvjv‡Zi Abyiƒc Ges ci¯ú‡i MfxiZg m¤^Ü I mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb| ïay nhiZ ÔLvqiæj evkviÕ I ÔAvdhvjyi ivmyjÕ (†kªô gvbyl I †kªô bex mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg) Gi AbyewZ©Zvi Kj¨v‡Y GB MÖš’Kvi‡K bex Ges imyjM‡Yi êwk‡óï bgybvq kxl©¯’vbxq eû AvDwjqv A‡c¶v †kªôZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi c`v¼ Abymv‡i bvRvZ, †mŠfvM¨ I Avwkmjv‡fi Dcvq Ges Gi weiæ×vPi‡Yi dj wec_MvgxZv|Ó2

GB cÖPvi cÎ wek nvRvi cÖKvwkZ nq Ges we‡k¦i mg¯Í ev`kvn, DwRi I agx©q †bZv‡ì cvVv‡bv nq Ges Zv‡ì‡K GB e‡j AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq hw` Bmjv‡gi mZ¨Zv, A_ev Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Imvjøv‡gi mZ¨Zv m¤^‡Ü Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv m‡›`n _v‡K, A_ev Bjnvg A_ev mªóvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤^‡Ü †Kv‡bv AvcwË, wKsev KziAvb Kix‡gi †kªôZ¡ m¤^‡Ü †Kv‡bv m‡›`n _v‡K, Z‡e Zuvi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡q ev cÎvjv‡c mš‘wó jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| m‡½B ÒAvnŸvb †NvlYvÓ bv‡g GKwU cÎI cÖKvk Kiv nq| G‡Z wZwb cvÄve I wn›`y¯’v‡bi wewfbœ a‡g©i †bZ…eM©‡K wb`k©b `k©‡bi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y K‡ib| G‡Z †jLv wQj:

(1) ÔwmiZzj-gvn&`xÕ, wØZxq LÐ, 436 bs †iIqvGZ|(2) Ômyigv Pk‡g AvwiqvÕ, Ôkvnbv‡q nKÕ, ÔAvqbv‡q Kgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ I ÔeviKvZz`-†`vqvÕ|


Òhw` Avcwb Av‡mb Ges GK eQi Ae¯’vb c~e©K †Kv‡bv Ô¯^Mx©q wb`k©bÕ cÖZ¨¶ bv K‡ib, Z‡e gvwmK `yBkÕ UvKv wnmv‡e Avcbv‡K ¶wZc~iY ev Rwigvbv wè|Ó1

nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb:ÒhwÌ Avwg mgMÖ wn›`y¯’vb Ges cvÄv‡ei cv`ªx mv‡nevb Ges Avh© g‡nv`q‡ì Kv‡Q DwjøwLZ cÎ †iwRóvix K‡i cvVjvg, wKš‘ †KD Kvw`qvb Avm‡jb bv| gybwk B›`ªgb mv‡n‡ei Rb¨ PweŸk kÕ UvKv bM` jv‡nv‡i cvVvb nq| ZLb wZwb IRi cÖ`k©b K‡i dwi`‡KvU cÖ¯’vb K‡ib| Aek¨, †jLivg bvgK GK †ckIqvix cwÐZ Kvw`qv‡b G‡mwQj| Zv‡K evievi ejv n‡qwQj †h, Zvi †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx A_ev wZwb †ckIqv‡i PvKwii mgq †h †eZb †c‡Zb, Zvi wØ¸Y Avgvi KvQ †_‡K cÖwZ gv‡m MÖnY K‡i Ae¯’vb Kiæb| Ae‡k‡l ZvI ejv n‡qwQj †h, GK eQi bv n‡j Pwjøk w`bB _vKzb| wKš‘ GB `yB K_vi g‡a¨ GKwU K_vI wZwb MÖnY Ki‡jb bv|Ó2

PvPv‡Zv fvB‡ì cwievi cwiRb m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx, 5B AvM÷ 1885 mvj :†Kv‡bv wb`©kb †`Lvevi Rb¨ Zvi PvPv‡Zv fvB wgh©v BgvgywÏb I †bhvgywÏb evievi we‡kl fv‡e cxovcxwo Ki‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm 1885 mv‡ji 5B AvM÷ Zvwi‡L GB fwel¨ØvYx Ki‡jb :

Ôgxh©v BgvgywÏb I †bhvgyÏxb m¤^‡Ü Avwg Bjnvg cÖvß n‡qwQ, GKwÎk gv‡mi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì Dci GKwU fxlY wec` Dcw¯’Z n‡e| A_©vr Zv‡ì cwiev‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cyiæl ev ¯¿x‡jvK cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡e| G‡Z Zv‡ì fxlY Kó n‡e Ges MÐ‡Mvj n‡e| AvRKvi ZvwiL, 23 kªveY 1290 evsjv, †gvZv‡eK 5B AvM÷ 1885 Bs mvj †_‡K wn‡me K‡i GB NUbv cÖKvwkZ n‡e|Ó

GB fwel¨ØvYxi Dci wbæwjwLZ wn›`y‡ì `¯ÍLZ ¯^v¶xwn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq| h_vÑ cwÐZ exRbv_, ekb`vm eªvþY I ekb`vm ¶wÎq| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K ¯^n‡¯Í `¯ÍLZ K‡ib| AZ:ci fwel¨ØvYx‡Z hv ejv n‡qwQj, Zv

(1) ÔZejx‡M-wimvjZ,Õ cÖ_g LÛ, 12 c„: Ges Ônvqv‡Z Avn&g`Õ, wØZxq LÐ, Z…Zxq msL¨v, 116 c„:|

(2) Ômv`vKv‡Z-AvbIqviÕ bvgK Bk&‡Znvi, Zejx‡M wimvjZÕ cÖ_g LÛ, 77 c„:|


c~Y© nj| A_©vr wVK GKwÎkZg gv‡m wgh©v †bhvgywÏ‡bi Kb¨v A_©vr wgh©v BgvgyÏx‡bi åvZz¯úyÎx gvÎ c‡bi eQi eq‡m GKwU Aí eq‡mi wkï mšÍvb †i‡L cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ib|1

Dévcv‡Zi wb`k©b:1885 mv‡ji 27 I 28 b‡f¤î gaëZx© iv‡Z Avjøvn& ZvAvjv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mvnvh¨‡_© AvKv‡k ZviKv we”Qyi‡Yi GK AmvaviY wb`k©b cÖ`k©b K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb:

Ò28 b‡f¤î 1885 mv‡j wèvMZ iv‡Z GZ †ewk Dévcv‡Zi †Ljv AvKv‡k PjwQj †h, Avwg Avgvi mviv Rxeb Gi `„óvšÍ KLbI †`wLwb Ges AvKvk c‡_ nvRvi nvRvi Dévi AwMœgq wkLv Ggbfv‡e †QvUvQzwU KiwQj †h, c„w_ex‡Z Gi †Kvb bwRi †bB, hv Avwg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvwi| Avgvi ¯§iY Av‡Q, ZLb GB Bjnvg evi evi n‡qwQj:

Ges GB Avqv‡Z wjwLZ cÖ¯Íi-e„wó D³ Dévcv‡Zi mv‡_ eû mv`„k¨ wewkó wQj| GB DévcvZ hv 28 b‡f¤î 1885 mvj iv‡Z GZ e¨vcKfv‡e msNwUZ n‡qwQj †h, BD‡ivc, Av‡gwiKv Ges Gwkqvi mg¯Í msev`c‡Î GUv‡K AZ¨šÍ we®§qKi e‡j AwfgZ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv| †jv‡K g‡b KiZ †h, Zv Ab_©K wQj| wKš‘ †Lv`vI›` Kixg Rv‡bb me©v‡c¶v Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ AvwgB GB NUbv wbix¶Y K‡iwQ Ges me‡P‡q AwaK Avb›` AvwgB Dc‡fvM K‡iwQ| Avgvi †PvL `xN© mgq a‡i GB A‡jŠwKK e¨vcvi `k©‡b e¨vc„Z wQj| †mB DévcvZ mÜ¨vi mgq †_‡KB ïiæ nq| ïay Bjnvgx mymsev` ekZ: Avwg AZ¨šÍ Avb‡›ì mv‡_ GUv `k©b Ki‡Z _vKjvg| KviY Avgvi AšÍ:Ki‡Y Bjnvg Kiv n‡qwQj GUv †Zvgvi Rb¨ wb`k©biƒ‡c cÖKvwkZÕ n‡q‡Q|Ó3

c~e©eZx© Bjnvgx MÖš’mg~‡n G‡K gmxn cÖKvwkZ nIqvi AZ¨šÍ eo j¶Y e‡j wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q|4

(1) Bk‡Znvi 20 gvP©, 1885 mvj, Zejx‡M wimvjZ, cÖ_g, 102 c„:|(2) A_©vr hv Zzwg wb‡¶c K‡iwQ‡j, Zzwg wb‡¶c Kiwb †Lv`v Qy‡owQ‡jb|Ó

(nvwKZzj-Inx, 70 c„:)|(3) Avqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z Bmjvg 110-111 c„„: (nvwkqv)(4) gw_ wjwLZ mymgvPvi, 24-29 c`|

2


b¶Î D`‡qi wb`k©b:ÔAZ:ci, BD‡iv‡ci Awaevmxiv IB b¶ÎI †`L‡Z †c‡qwQj, hv nhiZ gmxn gvID‡ì Avwef©veKv‡j D`q n‡qwQj| Avgvi AšÍ:Ki‡Y wbw¶ß nj, GB b¶ÎI Avgvi mZ¨Zvi Ab¨Zg wb`k©b|1

m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Luv msμvšÍ fxwZcÖ` msev`:1885 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m nhiZ AvK`vm m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Luv giûg Ges gnvivRv w`jxc wmsn m¤^‡Ü wKQz fxwZcÖ` msev` fwel¨ØvYxiƒ‡c wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì ïwb‡qwQ‡jb| AZ:ci, 1886 mv‡ji 20 †deªæqvwi, GK Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm wj‡LwQ‡jb:

ÒAvgvi Kv‡Q ¯^qs Avgvi m¤^‡Ü, Avgvi wcZvi w`‡Ki †Kvb †Kvb AvZ¥xq m¤^‡Ü, Avgvi †Kvb †Kvb eÜz m¤^‡Ü, fviZe‡l©i b¶Î ¯îƒc †Kvb †Kvb `vk©wbK ¯^RvwZ fvB‡ì m¤^‡Ü Ges GK bevMZ cvÄvex es‡kv™¢~Z †`kxq mvgšÍ m¤^‡Ü Avjøvn ZvAvjvi KvQ †_‡K fxwZcª` msev`, cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ hv KviI cix¶v, KviI AvZ¥x‡qi we‡qvM Ges KviI wb‡RiB g„Zzï cÖwZ wb‡`©k K‡i| me©-kw³gvb Avjøvn PvB‡j wggvsmvi ci G¸‡jv wjwLZ n‡e|Ó2

ÒfviZe‡l©i b¶ÎÓ Øviv m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` giûg‡K eySvw”Qj Ges ÒbevMZ cvÄvex es‡kv™¢~ZÓ Øviv gnvivRv iYwRr wms‡ni cyÎ w`jxc wms‡K eySvq| ûhyi e‡jb, wZwb cÖvq cuvPkÕ wn›`y I gymjgvb‡K Gme msev` m¤^‡Ü AewnZ K‡ib|3 hv †nvK, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng‡ì Ici GB wec` †`Lv w`j †h, †kl eq‡m Zvi GK hyeK cy‡Îi g„Zz¨ nIqvq wZwb cÖvYvwšÍK †kv‡K Awff~Z n‡jb Ges AvjxMo K‡jR cÖvmv` wbg©vY KvR mgvß Kivi Rb¨ wZwb AwZkq cwikªg I †Póvi d‡j †h Puv`v msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb Zv †_‡K R‰bK `~ivZ¥v †ò jvL UvKv AvZ¥mvr K‡i| m¨vi ˆmq` giûg GB ¶wZi Kvi‡Y Ggb †kvKvwff~Z n‡jb †h, wZb w`b ch©šÍ wZwb Avnvi K‡ibwb Ges †Kvb †Kvb mgq AÁvb n‡q co‡Zb|4 Zvi cyÎ ˆmq` gvn&gy` mv‡ne

(1) ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z Bmjvg,Õ 111 c„: cvÙxKv|(2) Bk‡Znvi, 20 †deªæqvwi, 1886 mvj|(3) Bk‡Znvi, 13 gvP©, 1897 mvj|(4) Bk‡Znvi, 13 gvP©, 1897 mvj|


e‡jb, ÒAvwg GB ¶wZi mg‡q AvjxMo Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡j Avgvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne wbðqB GB †kv‡K cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡Zb|Ó1

gnvivR w`jxc wms:Bs‡iRiv hy× K‡i wkL‡ì nvZ †_‡K cvÄve D×vi K‡ib| G Rb¨ Zviv fvex wmsnvm‡bi DËivwaKvix AcÖvß eq¯‹ w`jxc wms‡K cvÄve †_‡K AcmviY Kiv DwPZ g‡b Ki‡jb| Zviv w`jxc wms‡K jÐb wb‡q wM‡q †mLv‡b Zvi wk¶vi eë¯’v K‡ib| Gw`‡K wZwb †hŠebcÖvß n‡jb| Aci w`‡K cvÄv‡e Bs‡iR kvmb `~ixf~Z n‡jv| wkLiv gnvivRv w`jxc wms‡K cvÄv‡e Avbvi Rb¨ `vwe Dc¯’vcb Kij| Bs‡iRiv fve‡jb GLb wec‡ì †Kvb Avk¼v †bB| Zv‡K Avbv n‡j ¶wZ wK? Zviv m¤§wZ Ávcb Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡K mvgyw`ªK Rvnv‡R K‡i †`‡k cvVv‡jb| wkLiv AZ¨šÍ Avb›` cÖKvk Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm‡K AšÍh©vgx ÔAvjøvgyj ¸qyeÕ †Lv`v Rvbv‡jb †h, gnvivRv w`jxc wms cvÄv‡e evm Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| c¶všÍ‡i, GB md‡i Zvi m¤§vb, kvwšÍ Ges cÖvYbv‡ki Avk¼v Av‡Q| e¯‘Z: ZvB nj| Zvi RvnvR G‡Wªb †cŠQ‡j, Bs‡iRiv Zvi cvÄve AvMgb wec¾bK g‡b K‡i RvnvRwU †diZ wb‡jb Ges GB cÖKv‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjvi cÖ`Ë msev` gnv‡MŠi‡e c~Y© nj|2

ûwkqvicyi mdi I gym‡jn gvID` msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYx :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ gyn~Z© AZ¨šÍ g~jëvb wQj| wZwb a‡g©i †mevq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kvh©vejx mvab K‡iwQ‡jb| Avjøvn ZvAvjvI Zvui cÖksmvq e‡j‡Qb,

A_©vr ÒZzwg †mB gnvb gmxn&, hvi mgq bó Kiv n‡e bv|Ó e¯‘Z: wZwb Rxe‡b hZ KvR K‡i‡Qb we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡j nvRvi nvRvi c„ôv †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb| Zuvi cweÎ Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU NUbvq Avgv‡ì Rb¨ eû wk¶vi welq Av‡Q| 1886 mvjwU AZ¨vðh© NUbvejx Ges Avmgvbx mvnv‡hï eQi wQj| Ic‡i nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GKwU Bk‡Znv‡ii Ask we‡k‡li D×„wZmn ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, GB eQi wZwb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K

(1) IB(2) Ôwiqv‡h wn›`&Õ cwÎKv, Ag„Zmi, 3 †g, 1886 mvj|


bvbv wel‡q fwel¨r m¤úwK©Z NUbvejx AeMZ n‡eb| we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e welqwU ejv n‡”Q:

ÒA‡bK w`b a‡i nhiZ AvK`vm msKí KiwQ‡jb, †Kv_vI wM‡q nhiZ gymv AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi gZ μgvš^‡q Pwjøk w`b Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Bev`‡Z Ges †`vqvq iZ _vK‡eb, †hLv‡b †KD Zv‡K wP‡b bv, Rv‡b bv| BwZc~‡e© GB D‡Ï‡k¨ 1884 mv‡j wZwb ¸iæ`vmcyi †RjvÕi AšÍM©Z myRvbcyi hvIqvi B”Qv K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ Hkx B”Qvq †mB mdi ¯’wMZ nj Ges Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zuv‡K ej‡jb:

Ò†Zvgvi mgm¨vejxi mgvavb ûwkqvicy‡i n‡e|Ó1 e¯‘Z: 1886 mv‡j wZwb ûwkqvicyi hvÎv Ki‡jb| GB md‡i nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn m‡bŠix mv‡ne (ivwh.) nhiZ †kL nv‡g` Avjx mv‡ne (ivwh.) Ges wgqv d‡Zn Luv mv‡ne Zvi †meK wn‡m‡e mnhvÎx n‡jb| ûwkqvicyi †cuŠ‡Q ûhyi †kL †g‡ni Avjx mv‡ne bvgK GK m¤£všÍ iB‡mi Av¯Íve‡ji Dci¯’ N‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡jb|2 Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci Zuvi L¨vwZ PZzw`©‡K we¯Z…Z n‡q c‡owQj| ZvB gvbyl Zuvi mv¶vr jv‡fi Rb¨ D`MÖxe _vK‡Zv| GRb¨ ûhyi wjd‡jU Gi gva¨‡g †NvlYv Ki‡jb, Ò†KD †hb Avgvi mv‡_ 40 w`b ch©šÍ mv¶vrKv‡ii Rb¨ Dcw ’Z bv nb| Avwg c‡i AviI wek w`b GLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡ev| ZLb mevB mv¶vr Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|Ó nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avbû eY©bv K‡ib:

Òwb‡P Avgv‡ì _vKvi eë¯’v wQj| Avgv‡ì‡K nhiZ AvK`vm we‡kl fv‡e Av‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb, Ô†KD †hb wbR †_‡K D‡V Avgvi mv‡_ K_v bv e‡j| ïaygvÎ Avwg †Kvb K_v wRÁvmv Ki‡j Gi DËi †`‡e| †Kv‡bv AwZwi³ K_v ej‡e bv| Avgvi Lvevi Ic‡i †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q †`‡e Ges †cøU †diZ †bqvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡e bv| Avwg c„_K bvgvh coe| Aek¨, Rygvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cwiZ¨³ gmwR` Luy‡R †ei Ki| †mLv‡b Avgiv c„_Kfv‡e bvgvR coe| kn‡ii evB‡i GKwU †QvU gmwR` wQj| Avgiv Ry¤§vi Rb¨ †mLv‡b †hZvg| nhiZ AvK`vm ms‡¶‡c Lyrev `vb Ki‡Zb Ges bvgvR cwo‡q P‡j Avm‡Zb|Ó

(1) ÔwmivZzj-gvn&`xÕ cÖ_g LÐ †iIqvGZ bs 88(2) †h M„‡n nhiZ AvK`vm Ae¯’vb K‡ib, Gi eZ©gv‡b gvwjK GKRb wn›`y| IB wn›`y

gvwjK evwowUi Avgyj cwieZ©b Kwi‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †h cÖ‡Kv‡ô ûhyi Pwjøk w`b wQ‡jb, Zvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv K‡i Av‡Mi g‡ZvB A¶zYœ ivLv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b f`ª‡jvKwU KLb KLb wb‡Ri ag©g‡Z cÖv_©bv K‡i _v‡Kb|


nhiZ †gŠjex mv‡ne AviI e‡jb, GKevi wZwb Lvevi †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ Ic‡i hvIqvq nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb, wgqv Avãyjøvn, B`vwbs Avgvi Kv‡Q †Lv`v ZvAvjv A‡bK eo eo AbyMÖ‡ni ìRv Ly‡j‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq eû¶Ye¨vcx †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi mv‡_ evK¨vjvc K‡ib| Zv wjL‡j eû c„ôv n‡e|Ó1

Pwjøk w`b AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci ûhyi 20 †deªæqvwi GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡Z Zuvi m¤^‡Ü, Zuvi mšÍvb m¤^‡Ü, Zvui AvZ¥xq¯^Rb I eÜz‡ì m¤ú‡K© Ges m¨vi ˆmq` I gnvivRv w`jxc wms m¤^‡Ü wKQz fwel¨ØvYx mwbœweó K‡ib| gym‡jn gvID` msμvšÍ gnvfwel¨ØvYxI GB Bk‡Znv‡iB eY©bv K‡ib| BbkvAvjøvn, GLwb Gi we¯Z…Z Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| Pwjøk w`b ci Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vb †_‡K eû e¨w³ Dcw¯’Z nb| †KD †KD Zuvi mv‡_ ag© wel‡q fvewewbgqI K‡ib| we‡klZ: cwÐZ gyijx a‡ii mv‡_ ZK© GKvšÍ cÖwm×| Gi e„ËvšÍ ûhy‡ii wKZve, Ômyigv Pk‡g AvwiqvÕ‡Z wjwLZ Av‡Q|2 `yB gvm AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci ûhyi †h c‡_ AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb †m c_ w`‡qB Kvw`qvb cÖZ¨vMgb Ki‡jb| nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyjøvn mv‡ne (ivwh.) e‡jb:

Òûwkqvicy‡ii 5/6 gvBj `~‡i GKRb eyRy‡M©i GKwU Kei Av‡Q| †mLv‡b evwMPvi gZ KZKUv ¯’vb Av‡Q| Z_vq †cuŠ‡Q ûhyi Aí¶‡Yi Rb¨ evnb †_‡K AeZiY Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb †h, GUv DËg Qvqv`vi RvqMv| GLv‡b wKQz¶Y †`wi Ki‡Z n‡e| AZ:ci, ûhyi Ke‡ii w`‡K †M‡jb| AvwgI wcQ‡b wcQ‡b †Mjvg| †kL nv‡g` Avjx Ges d‡Zn gynv¤§` Luv evn‡bi Kv‡Q _vK‡jb| mgvwai Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q Gi ìRv Ly‡j wZwb †fZ‡i †M‡jb Ges Ke‡ii gv_vi cv‡k ùvwo‡q Kei¯’ eyRy‡M©i Rb¨ nvZ DwV‡q Aí¶Y †`vqv Ki‡jb| Zvici P‡j Avm‡jb Ges Avgv‡K ej‡jb:

ÒAvwg hLb †`vqvi Rb¨ nvZ DVvjvg, ZLb mgvwnZ eyRyM© D‡V Avgvi mvg‡b nuvUz †c‡Z em‡jb| Avcwb m‡½ bv _vK‡j Avwg Zvi mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbvI KiZvg| Zvi †PvL¸wj eo eo| †`n k¨vgeY©|

ÒAZ:ci ej‡jb, ÔGLv‡b †Kvb †meK _vK‡j Zvi Kv‡Q Zvi Ae¯’v

(1) ÔwmivZzj-gvn&`x,Õ cÖ_g LÐ, 88 †iIqv‡qZ|(2) Avh© I bvw¯ÍKM‡Yi †gvKvwejvq GUv GKvšÍB cÖ‡qvRbxq MÖš’| G wKZv‡e nhiZ

AvK`vm cÖvK…wZK wbqg, gy‡Rhv Ges iæn ZË¡ welqK AwZkq m~² I my›ì †hŠw³K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|


wRÁvmv Kiæb|Õ c‡i ûhyi †meK‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| †m ejj, †m wb‡R Zv‡K †`‡Lwb| cÖvq GKkÕ eQi Av‡M wZwb ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Aek¨, †m Zvi wcZv I wcZvg‡ni Kv‡Q ï‡b‡Q Zvi iO k¨vgeY© wQj Ges †PvL¸‡jv eo eo wQj| †mB AÂ‡j Zvi AZ¨šÍ cÖfve wQj|Ó1

Ôing‡Zi wb`k©b,Õ A_©vr Ôgym‡jn gvID`Õ:GLb ÔcÖwZkÖæZ cyÎÕ m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gnvweL¨vZ I me©Rbwew`Z fwel¨ØvYxi wel‡q Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kie| Zv 1886 mv‡ji 20 †deªæqvwii Bk‡Znv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| ûhyi e‡jb:

Òcig KiæYvgq, cig `vZv, gnvgwngvwš^Z †Lv`v, whwb me©kw³gvbÑhuvi gh©v`v gnv‡MŠiegq Ges bvg AZxe gnvb, Avcb Bjnvg Øviv m‡¤^vab c~e©K ej‡jb:

ÔAvwg †Zvgvi cÖv_©bvbyhvqx †Zvgv‡K GKwU ing‡Zi wb`k©b w`w”Q| Avwg †Zvgvi Kvbœv ï‡bwQ Ges †Zvgvi †`vqv mg~n‡K AbyMÖn K‡i Keyj K‡iwQ Ges †Zvgvi mdi‡K (ûwkqvicyi Ges jywaqvbvi) †Zvgvi Rb¨ Kj¨vYgq K‡iwQ| myZivs, kw³i, `qvi Ges ˆbK‡Uï wb`k©b †Zvgv‡K †`qv n‡”Q| e`vb¨Zv I AbyMÖ‡ni wb`k©b †Zvgv‡K †`qv n‡”Q| weR‡qi Pvwe Zzwg cÖvß n‡”Qv| †n weRqx, †Zvgvi cÖwZ mvjvg| †Lv`v e‡j‡Qb, hviv Rxeb-cÖZ¨vkx Zviv †hb g„Zzï Kej †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡i Ges hviv Ke‡ii g‡a¨ †cÖvw_Z, Zviv †ei n‡q Av‡m, hv‡Z Bmjvg a‡g©i †kªôZ¡ Ges Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kvjv‡gi gh©v`v †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ nq Ges mZ¨Zvi hveZxq Avwkmmn Dcw¯’Z nq Ges wg_¨v Zvi hveZxq AKj¨vYmn cjvqb K‡i Ges gvbyl ey‡S †h, Avwg me©©kw³gvb hv B”Qv Kwi, K‡i _vwK Ges †hb Zv‡ì cÖZxwZ nq †h, Avwg †Zvgvi m‡½ AvwQ Ges hviv †Lv`vi Aw¯Í‡Z¡ Awek¦vmx Ges †Lv`vi ag© Ges wKZve Ges Zuvi im~j cvK gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv (m.) †K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges AmZ¨ g‡b K‡i _v‡K Zviv †hb GKwU cÖKvk¨ wb`k©bcÖvß nq Ges Acivax‡ì kvw¯Íi c_ cwi®‹vi nq|

ÔmyZivs, Zzwg mymsev` MÖnY Ki, GK my`k©b Ges cweÎ cyÎ mšÍvb †Zvgv‡K †`qv n‡e| GK †gavex cyÎ Zzwg jvf Ki‡e| †mB †Q‡j †ZvgviB JimRvZ, †ZvgviB mšÍvb n‡e|Ó

(1) ÔwmivZzj gvn&`x,Õ cÖ_g LÐ, 88 bs †iIqvGZ|


mykªx, cweÎ cyÎ †Zvgvi †gngvb Avm‡Q| Zvi bvg Bbgvby‡qj Ges mymsev` `vZvI e‡U| Zv‡K cweÎvZ¥v †`qv n‡q‡Q| †m Kjyl †_‡K cweÎ| †m Avjøvni b~i| ab¨, †h AvKvk †_‡K Av‡m|

ÒZvi m‡½ ÔdhjÕ (we‡kl K…cv) Av‡Q, hv Zvi AvMg‡bi mv‡_ Dcw¯’Z n‡e| †m RuvKRgK, Hk¦h© I †MŠi‡ei AwaKvix n‡e| †m c„w_ex‡Z Avm‡e Ges Zvi mwÄebx kw³ Ges ÔcweÎ AvZ¥viÕ cÖmv‡` eûRb‡K e¨vwa gy³ Ki‡e| †m ÔKvwjgvZzjøvnÕ ÑAvjøvni evYx| KviY, †Lv`vi `qv I m~² gh©v`v‡eva Zv‡K cvvw_©e I Ava¨vwZ¥K m¤§vwbZ evK¨ Øviv †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| †m AZ¨šÍ axgvb, cÖÁvkxj, ü`qevb Ges Mv¤¢xh©kxj n‡e| Áv‡b Zv‡K cwic~Y© Kiv n‡e| †m wZb‡K Pvi Ki‡e| (Gi A_© eywSwb) †mvgevi, ïf †mvgevi| m¤§vwbZ, gnr, wcÖqcyÎ|

A_©vr m‡Zï weKvk ¯’j, D”P †hb Avjøvn AvKvk †_‡K AeZxY© n‡q‡Qb| Zvi AvMgb A‡kl Kj¨vYgq n‡e Ges Hkx †MŠie I cÖZvc cÖKv‡ki KviY n‡e| †R¨vwZ: Avm‡Q, †R¨vwZt| †Lv`v Zv‡K Zuvi mš‘wói †mŠif wbh©vm Øviv wm³ K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv Zvi g‡a¨ wbR AvZ¥v `vb Kie Ges †Lv`vi Qvqv Zvi gv_vq _vK‡e| †m kxNÖ kxNÖ ewa©Z n‡e| e›`x‡ì gyw³i KviY n‡e Ges c„w_exi cÖv‡šÍ cÖv‡šÍ L¨vwZ jvf Ki‡e| RvwZiv Zvi KvQ †_‡K Avkxev©` jvf Ki‡e| ZLb Zvi AvwZ¥K †K‡›`ªi AvKv‡ki w`‡K D‡ËvwjZ n‡e|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cwievi I AšÍi½ eÜzMY m¤ú‡K© fwel¨ØvYx :ÒZvici, †Lv`v Rvjøv kvbyû Avgv‡K mymsev` w`‡q e‡j‡Qb :

Ô†Zvgvi M„n Avwk‡m cwic~Y© n‡e| Avwg Avgvi `vb mg~n †Zvgvi Dci c~Y© Kie Ges fvMëZx gwnjv, hv‡ì g‡a¨ K‡qK Rb‡K Zzwg c‡i cv‡e| †Zvgvi A‡bK eskai n‡e| Avwg †Zvgv‡K A‡bK mšÍvb-mš‘wZ `vb Ki‡ev Ges Avwkm hy³ Kie| wKš‘ Zv‡ì †KD †KD Aí eq‡mB †jvKvšÍwiZ n‡e| †Zvgvi esk e¨vcKfv‡e †`k we‡`‡k we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡e| †Zvgvi wcZ…Kz‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K kvLv KZ©b Kiv n‡e| Zviv kxNÖB mšÍvbnxb n‡q †kl n‡q hv‡e| hw` Zviv AbyZvc bv K‡i, Z‡e †Lv`v Zv‡ì Ici wec‡ì ci

(1) Bk‡Znvi, 20 †k †deªæqvwi, 1886 mvj, ÔZejx‡M-wimvjZ,Õ

1


wec` AeZxY© Ki‡eb| Ggb wK, Zviv wbwðý n‡e| Zv‡ì M„n weaev‡ì Øviv cwic~Y© n‡e| Ges Zv‡ì †`qvj¸wji Ici Awfkvc AeZxY© n‡e| wKš‘ hw` Zviv cÖZ¨vMgb K‡i, Z‡e †Lv`v †Zvgvi Avwkmg~n PZzw`©‡K we¯Í…Z Ki‡eb Ges GK Abvev` M„n †Zvgvi Øviv Avev` Ki‡eb| Ges k¼vc~Y© M„n Avkxlc~Y© Ki‡eb| †Zvgvi esk KLbI webó n‡e bv Ges †kl w`b ch©šÍ mRxe _vK‡e| c„w_exi cÖjq Kvj ch©šÍ †Lv`v †Zvgvi bvg m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ eRvq ivL‡eb Ges †Zvgvi ÔAvnŸvb‡KÕ c„w_exi cÖvšÍ mg~n ch©šÍ †cŠQv‡eb| Avwg †Zvgv‡K D‡Ëvjb Kie Ges Avgvi w`‡K AvnŸvb Kie| wKš‘ †Zvgvi bvg f~ c„ô n‡Z KL‡bv AšÍwn©Z n‡e bv| GUv wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q †h, hviv †Zvgvi Aegvbbvi wPšÍvq iZ Ges †Zvgvi AK…ZKvh©Zvi Rb¨ †Póv K‡i Ges †Zvgvi we‡jvc mva‡bi aviYv †cvlY K‡i, Zviv ¯^qs AK…ZKvh© n‡e Ges wedjZvi mv‡_ cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡e| wKš‘ †Lv`v †Zvgv‡K m‡e©v‡Zvfv‡e K…ZKvh© Ki‡eb Ges †Zvgvi hveZxq gb¯‹vgbv c~Y© Ki‡ev| Avwg †Zvgvi weï× Ges AšÍi½ eÜz evÜ‡ei `j‡KI e„w× Ki‡ev| Zv‡ì ab-Rb Avwkmhy³ Kie Ges G‡Z AvwaK¨ wè| Zviv we‡ØlcivqY I kÎæfvevcbœ Aci gymjgvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi Ici †KqvgZ ch©šÍ cÖej _vK‡e| †Lv`v Zv‡ì‡K fyj‡eb bv| Zviv AvšÍwiKZv Abyhvqx ¯^ ¯^ cyi¯‹vi jvf Ki‡e| Zzwg Avgvi Kv‡Q ewb Bmªvwq‡ji bex‡ì b¨vq| (A_©vr, cÖwZ”Qvqv ¯îƒ‡c Zv‡ì Abyiƒc)| Zzwg Avgvi Kv‡Q Avgvi †ZŠwn` Zzj¨| Zzwg Avgv n‡Z Ges Avwg †Zvgv n‡Z| †mB mgq Avm‡Q, eis mwbœK‡U, hLb †Lv`v ev`kvn Ges abKz‡ei‡ì ü`‡q †Zvgvi †cÖg mÂvi Ki‡eb| Ggb wK, Zviv †Zvgvi Kvco n‡Z Avwkm AbymÜvb Ki‡e| †n A¯^xKviKvixiv, I‡n m‡Zï we‡ivwaiv! hw` †Zvgiv Avgvi `v‡mi m¤^‡Ü m‡›`n †cvlY Ki, hw` GB ÔAbyMÖn I `qvÕ m¤ú‡K© †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb A¯^xK…wZ _v‡K, hv Avwg Avgvi ev›`vi cÖwZ K‡iwQ- Z‡e GB ing‡Zi wb`k©‡bi b¨vq †ZvgivI †Zvgv‡ì m¤^‡Ü Ggb †Kvb wb`k©b Dcw¯’Z Ki, hw` †Zvgiv mZëv`x nI| hw` KLbI Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z bv cvi Ges ¯§iY ivL‡e KLbI cvi‡e bv, Z‡e †mB Av¸b‡K fq Ki, hv Av‡`k j•NbKvix, wg_¨vev`x Ges mxgv AwZμgKvix‡ì Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ Av‡QÕ|Ó1

AZ:ci, 1886 mv‡ji 22†k gv‡P©i Bk‡Znv‡i nhiZ AvK`vm Ôgym‡jn gvID`Õ (cÖwZkÖæZ ag© ms¯‹viK)-Gi Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn& ZvAvjv †_‡K

(1) Bk‡Znvi, 20†k †deªæqvwi nB‡Z D×„Z| (ÔZejx‡M-‡imvjZÕ; 58-63 c„:|)


msev` cÖvß n‡q Ôbq ermiÕ †gqv` avh© K‡ib| e¯‘Zt Hkx cÖwZkÖæwZ Abymv‡i 1889 mv‡ji 12B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L gym‡jn gvID` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Ôdvj-nvg`y wjjøv‡n AvÕjv hv‡jKÕ|

GLv‡b GK_v ejv AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv †h, Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zvi Kv‡gj †nKgZ Abymv‡i Ôgym‡jn gvID`Õ msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYxi ci nhiZ AvK`vm‡K cÖ_gZt GK Kb¨v `vb K‡ib| Zvici, cÖ_g ekxi bv‡g L¨vZ GK cyÎI `vb K‡ib| wZwb †ò eQi eq‡m ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Ôdv-Bbœv wjjøv‡n I Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ|

GB `yÕwU mšÍv‡biB Rb¥ wb‡q ¶xYcÖZ¨qx I wQ`ªv‡š^lx e¨w³‡ì ¸iæZi c`öjb nq| Zviv GB AvcwË DÌvcb Ki‡jv †h, fwel¨ØvYx Abyhvqx Ôgym‡jn gvID`Õ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ibwb| A_P 1886 mv‡ji 22†k gv‡P©i cÖKvwkZ Bk‡Znv‡i nhiZ AvK`vm cwi®‹viK‡i e‡jb †h, gym‡jn gvID‡ì Rb¥ m¤^‡Ü Avjøvn ZvAvjv bq eQi †gqv` wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| Gi A_© GB wQj bv †h, bq eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Ôgym‡jn gvID`Õ e¨ZxZ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Ab¨ †Kvb mšÍv‡bi Rb¥ ev g„Zz¨ n‡e bv| †Kej GUvB D‡Ïk¨ wQj †h, bq eQ‡ii †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ gym‡jn gvID` Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡eb| e¯‘Z: Zv-B n‡qwQj|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mšÍvb mš‘wZ :GB cÖm‡½ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi me mšÍvb wb‡q GK m‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv Riæwi g‡b nq| Zuvi cÖ_gv ¯¿x Zuvi R‰bKv AvZ¥xqv wQ‡jb| Zvi M‡f© Zuvi `yB cyÎ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib-nhiZ wgh©v myjZvb Avng` mv‡ne Ges wgh©v dhj Avng` mv‡ne| cÖ_‡gv³ cyÎ 1856 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges †kl eq‡m wZwb Kwbô åvZv nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` mv‡ne LjxdvZzj-gmxn& mvbx AvB‡q`vûjøvû ZvAvjvi nv‡Z eqAvZ MÖn‡Yi Aí Kvj c‡i 1931 mv‡j ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| †k‡lv³ cyÎ, m¤¢eZ:, 1860 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1902 mv‡j Bnavg cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi AZ¨šÍ AvÁvbyeZ©x wQ‡jb| wKš‘ †kl mg‡q Ab¨vb¨ AvZ¥x‡qi Øviv cÖfvevwš^Z n‡q c‡ob|

wØZxqv ¯¿x nhiZ ˆmq`v bymir Rvnvb †eMg mv‡nev w`jøxi nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡n‡ei Kb¨v wQ‡jb| Zvi M‡f© nhiZ AvK`v‡mi `k Rb mšÍvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cvuP †Q‡j, cvuP †g‡q| we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë nj:


(1) AvmgZ-1886 mv‡ji 15B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1891 mv‡j g„ZzëiY K‡ib|

(2) ekxi AvIqvj-1887 mv‡ji 17B AvMó Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1888 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤î Zvwi‡L g„ZzëiY K‡ib|

(3) nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` mv‡ne-wZwb 1889 mv‡ji 12B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1914 mv‡j wØZxq LjxdvZzj gmxn c‡` Awfwl³ nb|

(4) kIKZ- wZwb 1891 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1892 mv‡j Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|(5) nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡ne, Gg G- wZwb 1893

mv‡ji 20†k GwcÖj Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|(6) nhiZ mv‡neRv`v gxhv© kixd Avng` mv‡ne- wZwb 24†k ‡g 1895

mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|1

(7) nhiZ mv‡neRv`x beve gyevivKv †eMg mv‡nevÑ wZwb 1897 mv‡ji 2 gvP© Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|

(8) mv‡neRv`x wgh©v gyeviK Avn&g` mv‡neÑ 1899 mv‡ji 14B Ryb Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1907 mv‡ji 16B †m‡Þ¤î Zvwi‡L g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|

(9) mv‡neRv`x AvgvZzb & bmxi mv‡nevÑ 1903 mv‡ji 28‡k Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges IB mv‡ji 3iv wW‡m¤î Zvwi‡L Zvi g„Zy¨ nq|

(10) nhiZ mv‡neRv`x AvgvZzj & nvdxh †eMg mv‡nev Ñ1904 mv‡ji 25‡k Ryb Zvwi‡L Zuvi Rb¥ nq|

Dc‡i wjwLZ weeiY †_‡K ¯úó Rvbv hvq †h, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wØZxqv wewe nhiZ ˆmq`v bymir Rvnvb †eMg mv‡nev ivwh Avjøvû Avbnvi M‡f© Zuvi `k Rb mšÍvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi g‡a¨ cvuPR‡bi Aí eq‡m g„Zz¨ nq Ges Ab¨ cvuP Rb †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi AbyMÖ‡n GLb ch©šÍ RxweZ|2 GB cvuP Rb m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`vm e‡j‡Qb :

A_v©r, ˆmq`vi Mf©RvZ GB cvuP mšÍvbB ÔcÂZbÕ fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ wfwË ¯îƒc|Ó

(1) wZwb 1961 mv‡ji 26 †k wW‡m¤î Zvwi‡L g„ZzëiY K‡ib| dv-Bbœvwjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDb| (Abyev`)

(2) Aek¨, GB cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q †h, mv‡neRv`v gyeviK Avn&g` mv‡n‡ei ¯’vb mv‡neRv`x AvgvZzj & nvdxh MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|


wgh©v Avng&` †eM m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx :wgh©v Avng&` †eM ûwmqvicyix nhiZ AvK`v‡mi R‰bK AvZ¥xq wQ‡jb| wZwb I Zvui k¨vjKiv Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Ges im~j mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi K_v wb‡q nvwm we`ªæc Ki‡Zb Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q me©`v wb`k©b PvB‡Zb| ûhyi Zv‡ì m¤^‡Ü Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb| ZLb Zuv‡K ejv nj †h, wZwb gxhv© Avng` †e‡Mi †R¨ô Kb¨v gynv¤§`x †eM‡gi mv‡_ we‡qi cÖ¯Íve Kiæb| hw` wgh©v Avng` ‡eM GB we‡q †`b, Z‡e wZwb I Zvi cwievi Avwkm jvf Ki‡eb Ges hw` wZwb Kb¨vi Ab¨Î we‡q †`b, Z‡e Avjøvn ZvAvjvi evK¨ wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ Kivi †Póvi Aciv‡a Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjvi evK¨ I wb`k©b wb‡q nvwm Zvgvkv Kivi d‡j Zvi Ici Avjøvn ZvAvjvi kvw¯Í AeZxY© n‡e| wgh©v Avng&` †eM I Zvi RvgvZv Df‡qB wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wbcvZ n‡e Ges gynv¤§`x †eMg mv‡nev weaev n‡q Zvui mv‡_ cwiYq m~‡Î Ave× n‡eb|

wgh©v Avn‡g` †eM GB fwel¨ØvYxi ci cuvP eQi ch©šÍ gynv¤§`x †eM‡gi †Kv_vI we‡q †`b bvB Ges GB mgq ch©šÍ wZwb RxweZ _v‡Kb| cuvP eQi c‡i Kb¨vi we‡qi jv‡nvi †Rjv¯’ cvÆx wbevmx wgh©v myjZvb gynv¤§‡ì mv‡_ m¤úbœ K‡ib| gynv¤§`x †eMg mv‡nevi GB we‡qi ci Qq gvm ZLbI AwZevwnZ nq bvB, wgh©v Avn&g` †eM fxlY R¡ivμvšÍ n‡q ûwkqvicyi wPwKrmvj‡q cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ib|1 Zvi cÖvY we‡qv‡M Zvi RvgvZv Ges AvZ¥xqiv fxZ n‡q co‡jb| KviY fwel¨ØvYx Abymv‡i GLb wgh©v myjZvb gynv¤§‡ì g„Zzï cvjv| wKš‘ Zviv mevB Aby‡kvPbvq g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡jb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z †`vqvi Rb¨ eû cÎ wjL‡jb| d‡j, Avjøvn-ZvAvjv gynv¤§`x ‡eMg mv‡nevi ¯^vgxi g„Zz¨ gyjZex Ki‡jb|

hw` gyn¤§`x †eMg mv‡nevi cªwZ fwel¨ØvYx wg_¨v nIqvi `vwe Ki‡Zb, A_ev nvm¨ we`ªƒ‡c †hvM`vb Ki‡Zb, Z‡e wbðqB gynv¤§`x †eMg weaev n‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ we‡q n‡Zv| wKš‘ wZwb AbyZvc, Aby‡kvPbv Kivq g„Zz¨ n‡Z i¶v cvb| GRb¨ gynv¤§`x †eMg mv‡ne Zuvi mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nbwb| ÔBhv dvZvk& kvZz©, dvZvj& gvkiæZz|2

(1) 1892 mv‡ji 30 †k †m‡Þ¤î|(2) we¯Í„Z Rvbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Ô‡ck¸qx ìevi wgh©v Avng` †eM, KvRx gynv¤§` mv‡ne

jv‡qjc~ix cÖYxZ|


Z…Zxq Aa¨vqÔeqAv‡Zi †NvlYvÕ †_‡K ÔgmwR` †gvevi‡KiÕ

m¤cÖmviY ch©šÍ

eqAv‡Zi †NvlYv :BwZc~‡e© Avgiv e‡jwQ gym‡jn& gvID‡ì R‡b¥i Av‡M I nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GKcyÎ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb cÖ_g ekxi bv‡g L¨vZ| A‡b‡Ki aviYv wQj †h, GB cyÎB g~m‡jn& gvID` msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYxi c~Y©Zvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zvi GK eQi wZb gvm eq‡m g„Zz¨ nIqvq weiæ×ev`xiv eû AvcwËKi cÖkœ DÌvcb Kij| ZLb †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Amxg cÖÁv GB PvB‡jv †h, nhiZ AvK`vm GLb `x¶v MÖn‡Yi †NvlYv Kiæb| e¯‘Z:, wZwb 1888 mv‡ji 1 wW‡m¤î ZvwiL cÖ_g ekx‡ii g„Zz¨ Dcj‡¶ †h Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib, Gi †klfv‡M ÒZejxMÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wjL‡jb :

ÒAvwg GLv‡b AviI GKwU evZ©v mvaviYfv‡e mKj gvbyl‡K Ges we‡klfv‡e gymjgvb‡ì †cŠuQvw”Q| Avgv‡K Av‡`k Kiv n‡q‡Q, hvuiv m‡Zï AbymÜvb K‡ib Zvuiv cÖK…Z Cgvb I Cgv‡bi cÖK…Z cweÎZv Ges Hkx †cÖgvR©‡bi c_ wk¶vi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ges cvcx, Ajm Ges we‡`ªvnx Rxeb cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ Avgvi Kv‡Q `x¶v (eqAvZ) MÖnY Ki‡eb| myZivs, hvuiv Zuv‡ì AvZ¥vi g‡a¨ †Kvb cÖKvi kw³ Abyfe K‡ib, Zvu‡ì KZ©e¨ Zuviv Avgvi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nb| Avwg Zuv‡ì Rb¨ wPšÍv Kie Ges Zuv‡ì fvi nvév Kivi †Póv Ki‡ev| hviv g‡bcÖv‡Y Hkx kZv©ejx cÖwZcvjb Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡eb, †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi †`vqv Ges Avgvi g‡bvwb‡e‡k Zvu‡ì Rb¨ ÔeiKZÕ w`‡eb| GUv wek¦ cÖwZcvj‡Ki Av‡`k| Zv AvR Avwg †cŠuQvjvg| G m¤ú‡K© Aviwe‡Z GB Bjnvg n‡q‡Q :

A_©vr, ÒZzwg hLb msKí Ki, ZLb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Ici wbf©i Ki| Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Avgv‡ì Inx Abyhvqx †bŠKv wbg©vY Ki| (Gi Av‡`k †Zvgv‡K Kiv n‡q‡Q)| hviv †Zvgvi nv‡Z Ôeq&AvZÕ (`x¶v) MÖnY Ki‡e, cÖK…Z c‡¶ Zviv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi nv‡Z ÔeqAvZÕ Ki‡e| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi

nvZ Zv‡ì nv‡Zi Ici _vK‡e Ges hviv †n`v‡qZ cvjb K‡i, Zv‡ì Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvK| ÒcÖPviK webxZ †Mvjvg Avn&g` Avdv AvbûÓ|

ÔeqAv‡Zi `kwU kZv©ejx :GB †NvlYv c‡Î `x¶v MÖn‡Yi †h me k‡Z©i K_v ejv n‡qwQj, Zv ûhyi 1889 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L cÖPvwiZ ÒZKgx‡j-ZejxMÓ bvgK Bk‡Znv‡i wek`fv‡e cÖKvk K‡ib Ges Zv GB:

cÖ_g : eqAvZ MÖnYKvix mij AšÍ:Ki‡Y GB cÖwZÁv Ki‡e †h, GLb †_‡K Ke‡i cª‡ek ch©šÍ Ôwki&KÕ †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡e|

wØZxq : wg_¨v, e¨wfPvi, Kvg‡jvjyc `„wó, mKj cÖKvi cvcvPvi, mxgv jsNb, AZ¨vPvi, wek¦vmNvZKZv, AkvwšÍ I we‡`ªv‡ni mKj c_ †_‡K AvZ¥i¶v Ki‡e Ges cÖe„wËi D‡ËRbv hZB cÖej †nvK bv †Kb, Gi wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡e bv|

Z…Zxq : webv e¨wZμ‡g †Lv`v ZvAvjv Ges imy‡ji Av‡`k Abymv‡i cuvP Iqv³ bvgvh co‡e Ges mva¨vbymv‡i Zvnv¾y` bvgvh co‡e, im~j Kixg mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi cÖwZ ìƒ` co‡e, cÖZ¨n wb‡Ri ¸Yvn ¸‡jvi ¶gvi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡e Ges B‡¯ÍMdvi co‡e, fw³cøyZ ü`‡q †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Acvi AbyMÖnmg~n ¯§iY K‡i Zvui Ônvg`ÕI Zvwid Kiv‡K cÖwZw`‡bi wbZ¨K‡g© cwiYZ Ki‡e|

PZz_© : mvaviYfv‡e mKj cÖKvi m„ó Rxe‡K Ges we‡klfv‡e gymjgvbMY‡K Bw›`ª‡qi D‡ËRbv e‡k †Kvb cÖKvi Ab¨vq Kó w`‡e bv| gy‡L, nv‡Zi Øviv, ev Aci †Kvb Dcv‡qB bq|

cÂg : my‡L, `y:‡L, K‡ó, kvwšÍ‡Z, m¤ú‡`, wec‡` mKj Ae¯’vq †Lv`v ZvAvjvi mv‡_ wek¦¯ÍZv i¶v Ki‡e| mKj Ae¯’vq Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡R mšÍyó _vK‡e Ges Zvi c‡_ hveZxq Acgvb I `ytL eiY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡e| †Kvb cÖKvi wec` Dcw¯’Z n‡j cðv`c` n‡e bv, eis mvg‡b AMÖmi n‡e|

lô : mvgvwRK K`vPvi cwinvi Ki‡e Ges cÖe„wËi `vmZ¡ Ki‡e bv| KziAvb kix‡di AvwacZ¨‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wk‡ivavh© Ki‡e Ges Avjøvn I Zvui imy‡ji evK¨¸‡jv‡K mKj †¶‡Î AbymiY K‡i Pj‡e|

mßg : An¼vi I J×Z¨ m‡ev©‡Zvfv‡e cwinvi Ki‡e| `xbZv, webq,


wkóvPvi I Mv¤¢x‡h©i mv‡_ RxebhvÎv wbe©vn Ki‡e|

Aóg : ag© I a‡g©i m¤§vb i¶v Ges Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ AvšÍwiK mg‡e`bv‡K wbR ab, gvb, cÖvY, m¤£g, mšÍvb mšÍwZ I mKj wcÖqRb A‡c¶v AwaK wcÖq Ávb Ki‡e|

beg : mKj m„ó Rx‡ei cÖwZ mKj mgq ïay Avjøvni D‡Ï‡k¨ mnvbyf~wZkxj _vK‡e Ges mK‡ji DcKviv‡_© †Lv`v cÖ`Ë hveZxq kw³, mvg_©¨ I `vb¸‡jv h_vmva¨ wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡e|

`kg : ag©vby‡gvw`Z mKj Kv‡R Avgvi (nhiZ AvK`v‡mi ) Av‡`k cvjb Kivi cÖwZÁvq Avgvi mv‡_ †h åvZ…eÜ‡b Ave× n‡j, g„Zzï †kl gyû~Z© ch©šÍ Zv AUj _vK‡e Ges GB åvZ…eÜb mKj cÖKvi AvZ¥xq m¤úK© I mKj cÖKvi cÖfy f„Z¨ m¤^Ü †_‡K GZ AwaK Nwbô I cweÎ n‡e †h c„w_ex‡Z Zvi Zzjbv cvIqv hv‡e bv|

eqAv‡Zi kZ©vejx †NvlYvq wej‡¤î KviY :eqAv‡Zi kZv©ejx cÖKv‡k wej¤^ Kivi KviY m¤ú‡K© nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb;

ÒeqAvZ MÖnYKvixi Rb¨ GB kZ©vejx AZ¨vek¨K| 1888 mv‡ji 1jv wW‡m¤^‡ii Bk‡Znv‡i we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e G¸‡jv wjwLZ nqwb| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, cÖvq `k gvm a‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K eqAv‡Zi Rb¨ Avnevb Kivi Av‡`k n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zv wej‡¤^ cÖKvk Kivi KviY, Aa‡gi AiæwP nw”Qj †h fvj-g›` mKj cÖKvi †jvK bv GB wmjwmjvq cÖ‡ek K‡i hvq| AšÍi GUvB Pv‡”Q †h, GB gyeviK wmjwmjvq †Kej IB mKj gyeviK e¨w³ cÖ‡ek Kiæb, huv‡ì cÖK…wZ‡Z wek¦¯ÍZv i¶vi exR Av‡Q, hvuiv AcwicK¡ bq, hvuiv mn‡RB weK…Z I mskqvweó n‡q c‡ob bv| GB Kvi‡Y Ggb GKwU Dcj‡¶i A‡c¶v KiwQjvg, hv fvj I g›` Ges gyL‡jm I gybv‡d‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡f` K‡i †`q| myZivs Avjøvn& Rvjøv kvbyû Zvui cÖÁv I AbyMÖ‡ni Øviv †mB Dcj‡¶ ekxi Avng‡ì1 g„Zz¨‡K wbw`©ó K‡i Lvg-‡Lqvwj, AcwicK¡, mskqcivqY Ges Ky-aviYvcbœ e¨w³‡ì c„_K K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvuivB Avgvi mv‡_ i‡q‡Qb, hvu‡ì cÖK…wZ Avgvi mv‡_ _vKvi †hvM¨| hviv ¯^fveZ: `„p cÖZ¨qx bq, hviv K¬všÍ, kªvšÍ, Zviv mevB aŸsm n‡q‡Q Ges bvbv (1) Ôekxi Avng`Õ Øviv ÔcÖ_g ekxiÕ (cÖ_g mymsev` evnK) eySvq| Bwb gym‡jn gvID`

msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYxi ci Rb¥MÖnY K‡i 1888 mv‡ji 1jv wW‡m¤î IdvZ cÖvß nb|


cÖKvi m‡›`n msk‡q wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q| myZivs, GB Rb¨ GB Dcj‡¶ eqAv‡Zi Avnevb msμvšÍ welq cÖKvk mgxPxb we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q, †hgb :

(AveR©bv hZ Aí wek¦ ZZ cweÎ) cÖev‡`vw³i dj Øviv jvfevb n‡Z cvwi Ges Awek¦vmx‡ì g›` cwiYv‡gi wZ³Zv †fvM Ki‡Z bv nq, Ges †h mKj †jvK GB cix¶vi Ae¯’vq eqAv‡Zi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q GB ïf Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib, ïay ZvuivB Avgvi ÔRvgvAvZÕ we‡ewPZ n‡eb, ïay ZvuivB Avgvi AK…wÎg eÜziƒ‡c MY¨ n‡eb| Zvu‡ì m¤^‡Ü †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgv‡K m‡¤^vabc~e©K e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb Zv‡ì weiæ×evw`‡ì Ic‡i wKqvgZ ch©šÍ †kªôZ¡ `vb Ki‡ebÑ eiKZ, ingZ, Avwkm I K…cv Zvui m‡½ m‡½ weivR Ki‡e| wZwb Avgv‡K e‡jb, ÒZywg Avgvi AbygwZμ‡g Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b GB †bŠKv wbg©vY Ki| hvuiv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q eqAvZ Ki‡e, Zviv †Lv`vi Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡e| †Lv`vi nvZ Zv‡ì nv‡Zi Ic‡i _vK‡e|Ó AviI e‡j‡Qbt Ô†Lv`v ZvAvjvi mgx‡c †Zvgv‡ì hveZxq kw³mn Dcw¯’Z nI Ges †Zvgv‡ì `qvgq, `vbkxj cvjbKZ©v‡K GKvKx Z¨vM †Kv‡iv bv- †h e¨w³ Zv‡K GKvKx Qvo‡e, Zv‡K GKvKx Qvov n‡e|Ó1

wmjwmjvi wfwË ¯’vcb I gym‡jn gvID‡ì Rb¥MÖnY GKxf~Z nIqvq Hkx-ms‡KZ :Avð‡h©i K_v bq, eis GUv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Ab¨Zg †nKgZ †h, 1889 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvn&gy` Avng`, Avj -gym‡jûj& gvID` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges †mB w`bB nhiZ AvK`vm ÔeqAv‡Zi kZ© mg~nÕ †NvlYvc~e©K wmjwmjvi wfwË ms¯’vcb K‡ib Ges AvšÍwiKZv m¤úbœ ÔgyL‡jmÕ e¨w³‡ì eqAvZ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avnevb K‡ib| cÖK…Z c‡¶, GB Dfq wel‡qi mw¤§j‡b GB m‡¼ZB wbwnZ wQj †h, GB wmjwmjvi cÖPv‡ii e¨vcv‡i nhiZ wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` AvB‡q¨`vûjøvû ZvAvjvi we‡kl AwaKvi _vK‡e|

e¯‘Z:, NUbvewji ØvivI AZ¨šÍ ¯úóv¶‡i GB mv¶¨ cvIqv hvq †h, GB K_v mZ¨ wQj| mZ¨ n‡e bv †Kb? bex Kixg mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg AvMgbKvix gmx‡ni Rb¨ fwel¨ØvYx K‡iwQ‡jb:

(1) Bk‡Znvi, 1889 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi|


A_©vr ÒwZwb GKRb D”P ¸YeZx gwnjv‡K we‡q Ki‡eb Ges Zvui mšÍvbiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ag© Kvh© m¤úv`b Ki‡eb|Ó

¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e, GLv‡b ïay †Kvb mvaviY ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki mv‡_ we‡q, †Kvb mvaviY mšÍvb Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi cÖwZ Bw½Z wQj bv| KviY, Gi D‡jøL Øviv †Kvb DcKvi nIqvi wPšÍv Kiv hvq bv| we‡klZt, im~j Kixg mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi gZ gnvbex GB fwel¨ØvYx K‡iwQ‡jb Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖ‡Z¨K mšÍvb Rb¥MÖn‡Yi Av‡M Zvi ‰ewkó¨c~Y© ¸YivwR me©mvavi‡Y¨ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb Ges GK cyÎ‡K we‡kl mymsev‡ì evnb wb‡`©k K‡i evievi Zvui cÖksmv I ¸Y cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|1 G me e¨vcvi GK‡Î GUvB wb‡`©kbv K‡i †h, gmxn gvID‡ì mšÍvbiv ag© cÖPv‡i we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| e¯‘Z: Zvuiv ZvB Ki‡Qb| mg¯Í cÖksmv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi|

jywaqvbv I ûwkqvicy‡ii mdi :nhiZ AvK`vm 1889 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z jywaqvbv hvÎv K‡ib Ges GKwU Bk‡Znv‡ii gva¨‡g †NvlYv K‡ib:

ÒAvR 1889 mv‡ji 4 gvP© †_‡K 25 †k gvP© ch©šÍ GB Aag jywaqvbv kn‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| GB mg‡qi ga¨ hw` †KD Avm‡Z Pvb, Z‡e jywaqvbvq 10 Zvwi‡Li ci Dcw¯’Z n‡eb Ges hw` GLv‡b Avmv ¶wZ ev KóKi g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e 25†k gv‡P©i ci hLb †KD Pvb Kvw`qv‡b Av‡M msev` w`‡q ÔeqAvZÕ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡eb|Ó2

cÖ_g eqAvZ MÖnY, 23 †k gvP©, 1889 mvj :jywaqvbvq eqAvZ †bqvi Rb¨ wZwb nhiZ gybwk mywd Avng` Rvb ivwh Avjøvû Avbûi evwo cQ›` K‡ib| nhiZ gybwk mv‡ne giûg GKRb AZ¨šÍ cweÎwPË gyËvKx cyiæl wQ‡jb| †mB AÂ‡j Zvui kZ kZ gyix` wQj| Zviv Zuvi cÖwZ cÖMvp fw³ †cvlY Ki‡Zb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gkûi wKZve

(1) ûhyi e‡jb; ÒGK Kvk&dx RM‡Z Avgv‡K PviwU dj †`Lv‡bv nq| Zvig‡a¨ wZbwU Avg dj

wQj| wKš‘ GKwU dj meyR eY© Ges AZ¨šÍ e„n`vKvi wQj| Zv GB RM‡Zi dj ¸‡jvi b¨vq wQj bv........†Kvb m‡›`n bvB †h, dj Øviv mšÍvb eySvq|Ó -nhiZ LjxdvZzj gmxn AvIIqvj ivwhAvjøvn Avbûi bv‡g 1886 mv‡ji 8B Ry‡bi cÎ|

(2) cvÙxKv, Bk‡Znvi Zvs 4Vv gvP©, 1889 mvj|


Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqv cv‡Vi ci wZwb g‡bcÖv‡Y nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Ôwd`vnÕ n‡q c‡ob Ges wbR cxi gyix`xi wmjwmjv cwiZ¨vM K‡i ûhy‡ii Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖn‡Yi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| e¯‘Z:, wZwb nhiZ mv‡ne‡K j¶¨ K‡i GB KweZv cvV K‡ib|

ÒAvgiv e¨waMÖ¯’Ñ Avgv‡ì `„wó ïay †Zvgvi Ici wbe×| †Lv`vi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zywg gmxn nI|Ó

ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm Zv‡K GB DËi cÖ`vb K‡ib †h, wZwb GLbI ÔeqAvZÕ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avw`ó nbwb| wKš‘ nhiZ AvK`vm hLb eqAvZ †bqvi †NvlYv Ki‡jb, ZLb nhiZ gybwk mv‡ne GB aivag Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb| Ôdv-Bbœv wjjøvn I Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ|1 nhiZ gvIjvbv nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avbûi mv‡_ Kb¨v myMiv †eMg mv‡nevi we‡q nhiZ AvK`vm we‡kl †Póv K‡i Kwi‡qwQ‡jb|

Ò`viæj eqAvZÓnhiZ gybwk mywd Avng` Rvb mv‡ne giû‡gi evwoi †h N‡i nhiZ AvK`vm me©cÖ_g ÔeqAvZÕ MÖnY K‡ib,Zv `viæj-eqAvZÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| nhiZ gybwk mv‡ne giû‡gi mšÍvbMY †Lv`vi dh‡j mevB Avng`xq‡Z †hvM `vb K‡i‡Qb| Zvuiv GB evwo wmjwmjvi Rb¨ IqvKd K‡ib| `y:†Li welq, Zv 1947 mv‡ji gnvweí‡ei mgq mvgwqKfv‡e RvgvAv‡Zi n¯ÍPy¨Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avjøvn& Pvb †Zv kxNÖB †dir cvIqv hv‡e|

ÒeqAv‡Zi w`bÓ1889 mv‡j 23 gv”© Zvwi‡L ÔeqAvZÕ ïiæ nq| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi B”Qv wQj eqAvZ MÖnYKvix‡ì bvg I m¤ú~Y© wVKvbv GKwU †iwRóv‡i msi¶Y Kiv| GRb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm Av‡`k Ki‡jb, cÖ‡Z¨K `x¶v MÖnYKvix Avcb Avcb bvgÑwVKvbv c„_K c„_K KvM‡R wj‡L †`‡eb| ûhy‡ii ûKzg cÖwZcvwjZ nj| wKQyw`b c‡i, GKwU †iwRóvi cÖ¯‘Z n‡jv| Gi Ic‡i †jLv n‡qwQjA_©vr ÒZvKIqv I cweÎZv jvfv‡_© eqAvZ|Ó

(1) nhiZ AvK`vm Zv‡K eqAvZ MÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ MYbv K‡i‡Qb Ges 313 Rb mvnvevi g‡a¨ Zv‡K MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| ÔeqAv‡Zi †iwRóviÕ Ges ÔAvÄv‡g Av_gÕ `ªóe¨|


eqAvZ MÖnYKvix‡ì μwgK b¤î :GB †iwRóªv‡i cÖ_g wKQz bvg nhiZ AvK`vm wbR nv‡Z wjwce× K‡ib| wKš‘ c‡i wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ e¨w³ D‡jøwLZ KvMR LÛ¸‡jv †_‡K wb‡q GB †iwRóªv‡i bvg wjL‡Z _v‡Kb| LÛ KvMR¸‡jv †_‡K bvg¸‡jv wjL‡Z n‡qwQj e‡j eqAvZ MÖnYKvix‡ì eqAv‡Zi μg i¶v m¤¢e nqwb| GRb¨B cÖK…Z μwgK b¤î m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨ gZ‡f` N‡U| hv †nvK †KvbB m‡›`n bvB †h, me©cÖ_g eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib nhiZ nvRx-Dj nvivgvCb gvIjvbv nvwKg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne ‡fiæex ivwh Avjøvû Avbû| wØZxq b¤^‡i wQ‡jb jywaqvbvi gxi AveŸvm Avjx mv‡ne| c‡i wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Ôgmxn gvIE`Õ `vwei mgq c„_K n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zvici huviv eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwm× e¨w³e‡M©i bvg webvμ‡g wb‡¤œ cÖ`Ë nj:

nhiZ wgTv gynv¤§` û‡mb mv‡ne gyiv`vev`x Lyk&bexk, nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yjøvn& m‡bŠix mv‡ne, nhiZ KvRx LvRv Avjx mv‡ne, nhiZ gxi Gbv‡qZ Avjx mv‡ne, †PŠayix iæ¯Íg Avjx mv‡ne, nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yjøvn mv‡ne mvwKb Z½x (Pvim`vn), nhiZ gybwk Av‡iv‡o Lvu mv‡ne, nhiZ gybwk gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne, nhiZ gyb&wk nvweeyi ingvb mv‡ne, nhiZ KvRx whqvDÏxb mv‡ne, nhiZ †kL Ave`yj Avhxh mv‡ne bI-gymwjg mv‡eK ivg wmsnÑ †ih&Iqvbyjøv‡n AvjvBwng AvR&gvqxb|

nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne †mB w`b eqAvZ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb wKbv, G wel‡q gZ‡f` Av‡Q| wKš‘ nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avjx mv‡ne Zziv‡ei g‡Z nhiZ ‡gŠjex mv‡ne cÖ_g w`bB eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| †kL mv‡ne Zvui wb‡Ri m¤^‡ÜI ej‡Zb †h, wZwb cÖ_g w`b eqAvZ bv Ki‡jI IB mgqB eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| GB mvgvb¨ wej‡¤î KviY wQj wZwb ZLbI nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Ôgwm‡j gmxnÕ nIqv m¤ú~Y© ü`q½g Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| GB R‡b¨ Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ wKZve cvV K‡i wZwb jv‡nv‡i cybivq eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|

`y:†Li welq, g~j †iwRóªvi hv nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` ivwRAvjøvû Avbûi Kv‡Q iw¶Z wQj, Gi ‡h c„ôvq cÖ_g AvU bvg mwbœweó wQj, Zv bó n‡q‡Q| bZzev eqAvZ MÖnYKvix‡ì μwgK b¤î msμvšÍ BwZnvm AviI KZKUv msiw¶Z nZ|

eqAv‡Zi kãvejx :nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yjøvn& m‡bŠix mv‡ne e‡jb, cÖ_g w`b hLb ûhyi eqAvZ


†bb, ZLb eqAvZ Gi kã¸‡jv GB wQjt

ÒAvR Avwg Avng‡`i nv‡Z Avgvi IB me Zver ¸bvn& I Kz-Af¨vm †_‡K ZvIev KiwQ, hvi g‡a¨ Avwg wbcwZZ wQjvg| Avwg cweÎ ü`q I me©všÍ:Ki‡Y `„piƒ‡c cÖwZÁv KiwQ †h, Avgvi mKj kw³ I mKj eyw× w`‡q Avgvi Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©šÍ hveZxq ¸bvn †_‡K AvZ¥i¶v Kie| Avwg Øxb‡K `ywbqvi Avivg Ges cÖe„wËi Kvgbv-evmbvi Ici AMÖMY¨ ivL‡ev| 12B Rvbyqvixi `k kZ© h_vmva¨ cvjb Kie Ges GLbI Avgvi c~e©eZx© ¸bvn& ¸wji Rb¨ ‡Lv`v-ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q ¶gv Pvw”Q|Ó

AvjxMo mdi :1889 mv‡ji gv‡P©i †kl ch©šÍ ûhyi jywaqvbvq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| GwcÖ‡ji ïiæ‡Z ˆmq` Zvdvh&hyj ûmv‡qb mv‡ne (†m‡ik&Zv`vi Kv‡j±‡iU, AvjxMo) wbgš¿Y Kivq ûhyi AvjxMo hvÎv K‡ib| AvjxM‡o GKwU Avðh© NUbv N‡U| †mLvbKvi †gŠjex gynv¤§` BmgvCj mv‡ne Zuv‡K Iqvh Kivi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Rvbv‡jb| ûhyi mš‘ó wP‡Ë Zv Keyj Ki‡jb| wKš‘ c‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K Bjnv‡gi gva¨‡g Zvu‡K wb‡la Kiv nj| G‡Z †gŠjex BmgvCj mv‡ne ûhy‡ii weiæ‡× cÖPviYvi my‡hvM †c‡jb| wZwb RygyAvi ci Zvui weiæ‡× GKwU e³„Zv Ki‡jb Ges e³„Zv Bk‡Znvi AvKv‡i gyw`ªZ K‡i weZiY Ki‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui cÖkœ ¸‡jvi cÖZz¨Ëi Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ wKZv‡e cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| Zv †`Levi wRwbm| hv †nvK, Hkx evavi

(1) ÔwmiZzj-gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÛ 98 bs †iIqv‡qZ| Aviwe As‡ki Abyev` :

ÒAvwg Avgvi cÖfy Avjøvni Kv‡Q ¶gv Pvw”Q| Avwg Avgvi cÖf~ Avjøvni Kv‡Q ¶gv Pvw”Q| Avwg Avgvi hveZxq cv‡ci ¶gv Avgvi cÖfy Avjøvni Kv‡Q Pvw”Q| Avwg mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, Avjøvn e¨ZxZ †Kvb Dcvm¨ bvB, wZwb GK, Zvui †Kvb Askx`vi bvB Ges Avwg AviI mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvng Zvui ev›`v I im~j| cÖfy, Avwg Avgvi cÖv‡Yi Ici AZ¨vPvi K‡iwQ Avgvi cvc ¯^xKvi KiwQ| Avgvi cvc ¶gv Ki| KviY Zzwg e¨ZxZ cv‡ci ¶gvKvix Avi †KD †bB| (Abyev`K)


†gvKvwejvq †gŠjex gynv¤§` BmgvCj mv‡ne Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³i Dcnvm‡K wZwb wKQyB g‡b Ki‡jb bv| wZwb e³„Zv Kiv A¯^xKvi Ki‡jb| †gŠjex †gvnv¤§` BmgvCj mv‡ne †h Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib, G‡Z nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× †R¨vwZl kv¯¿ eënv‡ii Awf‡hvM G‡b ejv nj, †h wZwb †R¨vwZlx hš¿cvwZ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g fwel¨ØvYx K‡i _v‡Kb Ges GUv‡KB wZwb ÔBjnvgÕ e‡j cÖKvk K‡ib| Zvi GB Acev` LÐ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ nhiZ AvK`vm Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ wKZv‡e ÔgyevnvjviÕ (cÖv_©bv hy‡×i) AvqvZ Dcw ’Z K‡ib| †gŠjex BmgvCj mv‡ne ZLb GKwU cy¯ÍK iPbv KiwQ‡jb| ‡mB cy¯Í‡KB wZwb GB ÔgyevnvjvÕ gÄyi Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †mB cy¯ÍK cÖYqb mgvß nIqvi c~‡e©B †gŠjex mv‡ne g„ZzëiY Ki‡jb Ges fwel¨‡Z AvMgbKvwi‡ì Rb¨ GKwU wb`k©b †i‡L †M‡jb|1

jywaqvbv cÖZ¨vMgb :cÖvq GK mßvn AvjxMo Ae¯’v‡bi ci nhiZ AvK`vm jywaqvbv hvÎv K‡ib Ges K‡qK w`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci 1889 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡ji wØZxq mßv‡ni ïiæ‡Z Kvw`qv‡b wd‡i hvb| 1889 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m nhiZ D¤§yj gy‡gbx‡bi Iqv‡j`v mv‡nev Amy¯’ nIqvq Zvu‡K †mLv‡b †`Lvi Rb¨ jywaqvbvq hvÎv K‡ib| Zvui k¦ïi nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡ne IB mg‡q jyywaqvbv‡ZB PvKwi Dcj‡¶ Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb| AZ:ci †mLvb †_‡K 1889 mv‡ji 12B b‡f¤î Zvwi‡L Kvw`qv‡b wd‡i Av‡mb|

nhiZ mv‡neRv`v cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvbxi eqAvZ 23 †k wW‡m¤î, 1889 :nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK byÕgvbx Rvgvjx mv‡ne Pvnvi KyZze nvbmexi eskai wQ‡jb| wZwb wb‡RI †jv‡Ki `x¶v MÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges Ômv‡ne-G-Bikv`Õ wQ‡jb| wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mZ¨Zv ïiæ‡ZB Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ jywaqvbvq eqAvZ bv K‡i Kvw`qv‡bi ÔgmwR` gyevi‡KÕ eqAvZ †bqv cQ›` KiwQ‡jb e‡j wZwb Kvw`qvb Av‡mb Ges 1889 mv‡ji 23†k wW‡m¤î Zvwi‡L Kvw`qv‡bi ÔgmwR` gyevi‡KÕ eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|2

(1) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÐ, 36 c„;|(2) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÐ, 41 c„;|


nhiZ beve gynv¤§` Avjx Luv mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ, 19 †k b‡f¤î, 1890 :nhiZ beve gynv¤§` Avjx Lvu mv‡ne gwji‡KvUjvi beve cwiev‡ii GKRb cÖavb e¨w³| wZwb ÔZdwhjx wkqvÕ wQ‡jb| A_©vr nhiZ Avjx‡K cÖ_g wZb Lwjdvi †P‡q †kªôZi g‡b Ki‡Zb| wZwbI GB mg‡qB eqAvZ K‡ib| GKwU wiqvmZ ev mvgšÍ ivR cwiev‡i cÖwZcvwjZ, Z`ycwi wkqv gZvej¤^x nIqv m‡Ë¡I RMØvmxi wZi¯‹v‡ii †KvbB c‡ivqv bv K‡i nhiZ AvK`v‡mi AvbyMZ¨Kvix nIqv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi GKwU we‡kl AbyMÖn wQj| GUv Zvui cweÎZv I ag©kxjZvi cwiPvqK|

beve mv‡ne 1890 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z Kvw`qv‡b Av‡mb| 1890 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î I A‡±ve‡i jywaqvbvq wM‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ mv¶vZ K‡ib| Zvici, 1890 mv‡ji 19 b‡f¤î wPwVi gva¨‡g nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q eqAvZ K‡i wmjwmjvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| Ôdvj-nvg`y wjjøv‡n AvÕjv hv‡jKvÕ| eqAvZ-Gi †iwRóªv‡i Zuvi eqAv‡Zi μwgK b¤î 210 e‡U|

Ôgmxn gvID`Õ `vwe, 1890 mv‡ji †klvs‡k :1890 mv‡ji †klw`‡K Avjøvn ZvAvjv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡jb, Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg †h gmxn Be‡b gwiq‡gi AvMgb msev` cÖ`vb K‡ib, †mB cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn wZwbB, A_©vr nhiZ AvK`vm| cÖ_g gmxn AvKv‡k Ro †`nmn wKQy‡ZB RxweZ †bB| wZwb Ab¨ bex‡ì b¨vq IdvZ cÖvß n‡q‡Qb| hwÌ BwZc~‡e©I ‡Kvb †Kvb Bjnvg Ges mymsev‡ì gva¨‡g Zvu‡K gmxn gvID` ev cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn wb‡`©k Kiv n‡qwQj, wKš‘ †h ch©šÍ Zvui Kv‡Q welqwU cwi¯‹vi nqwb, wZwb Zvui cyivZb wek¦v‡m w¯’i wQ‡jb Ges mvaviY gymjgv‡bi gZ nhiZ gmxn bv‡mix †`nmn AvKv‡k Av‡Qb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb Ges GUvB wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ hLb cÖK…Z welq Zvui Kv‡Q D`NvwUZ nj, ZLb Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z mvgvb¨ mgqI †`wi K‡ibwb|

Ôd‡Zn& BmjvgÕ I Ô‡ZŠwh‡n givgÕ cÖKvk :gmxwnq‡Zi `vwe †NvlYv‡_© wZwb Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ bv‡g GKwU msw¶ß cyw¯ÍKv cÖKvk K‡ib| Gi UvB‡Uj †c‡R GB Bjnvgx QÎ PviwU wjwLZ Av‡Q :


A_©vr, ÒGB gmxn‡K gvb‡Z ‡Zvgv‡ì mskq wK? Zvi mv`„k¨ †Lv`v ZvAvjv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| weP¶Y wPwKrmK †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q GB DcvwaB jvf K‡ib| †Zvgiv fvj †jvK‡ì‡K gmxn e‡jQ|Ó

GB cyw¯ÍKv Ges Ggb AviI GKwU wKZve, Ô†ZŠwh‡n givgÕ 1890 mv‡ji †klw`‡K †jLv nq Ges 1891 mv‡ji cÖ_g wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨B cÖKvwkZ nq| GB cyw¯ÍKv¸‡jv cÖKvk nIqv gvÎ weiæ×vPi‡Yi Av¸b R¡‡j DV‡jv|

kÎæ wkwe‡i †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex :

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex Zvui weL¨vZ wKZve ÔBkvAvZzm- m~bœvn-‡Z nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wek¦-wekÖæZ wKZve Ôevinx‡b Avng`xqvÕ m¤^‡Ü GKwU AwZkq `xN© mgv‡jvPbv wj‡L Zvui gnvb Ava¨vwZ¥K ghv©`v ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwbI Zvui weiæ‡× cÖe‡Üi ci cÖeÜ cÖKvk ïiæ Ki‡jb| jywaqvbvi †gŠjex Ave`yj Avhxh Ges †gŠjex gynv¤§` cÖf„wZ `xN©w`b a‡i nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ kÎæZv †cvlY KiwQ‡jb Ges Zvui weiæ‡× me©`vB cÖkœ Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjexi AvZ¥i¶vg~jK AvμgY ¸‡jvi Kvi‡Y bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i _vK‡Zb| GLb ZvivI my‡hvM jvf Ki‡jb| ZvivI †LvjvLywjfv‡e weiæ×vPiY ïiæ Ki‡jb| hLb Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ cyw¯ÍKv Ag„Zm‡ii Ôwiqv‡h nx›`Õ bv‡g GKwU †cÖ‡m gyw`ªZ nw”Qj, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gmxwnq‡Zi `vwe ZLbB AeMZ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ‡Kvb Dcv‡q cyw¯ÍKvwUi cÖæd n¯ÍMZ K‡i `k©b K‡ib Ges Zr¶Yvr Zvui cwÎKv ÔBkvAvZzm& mybœvn-‡ZÕ nhiZ AvK`vm‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i wjL‡jb :

ÒGLb Avwg Avcbvi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB, GB `vwei gva¨‡g Avcbvi GUvB ejv D‡Ïk¨ †h cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn †mB gwiqg cyÎ bb, wKqvg‡Zi Av‡M hvi Avmvi K_v KziAvb I nv`x‡m Iqv`v Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wZwb wK AvcwbB? Gi cÖZz¨Ëi ïay ÔnvÕu ev ÔbvÕ Øviv Ki‡eb|1Ó

(1) BkvAvZzm-mybœvnÕ Øv`k LÛ, Øv`k msL¨v, 354 c„:| †bvU: †Kvb †Kvb Rxebx †jLK wj‡L‡Qb †h, nhiZ AvK`vm Ôd‡Zn Bmjv‡gi Av‡M GKwU Bk‡Znvi I cÖKvk K‡ib| hv Zvui `vwei †NvlYv cÎ ¯îƒc wQj| ÔIjøvû AvÕjvgy wem-mvIqve|Õ


†gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB cÖ‡kœi DË‡i nhiZ AvK`vm wjL‡jb :ÒAvcbvi cÖ‡kœi Reve, ïay ÔnvuÕ h‡_ó g‡b Kwi|1Óûhy‡ii GB Rev‡ei ci cybivq ixwZgZ cÎvjvc ïiæ nj| †Kv_vq †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei †mB Ae¯’v, hLb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi RyZv enb †MŠi‡ei welq g‡b Ki‡Zb Ges †Kv_vq GLbKvi Ae¯’v †h Zuvi A‡c¶v AwaK weiæ×vPviYKvix Avi †KD wQj bv|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei ÔgybvhviviÕ AvKv•¶v :1891 mv‡ji †deªæqvwii †k‡l ev gv‡P©i cÖ_‡g nhiZ AvK`vm jywaqvbv AweiZ PjwQ‡jb| †gŠjex mv‡ne Zvui mv‡_ ÔgybvhvivÕ ev ZK©-hy× Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv cQ›` K‡iwb| KviY ûhy‡ii g‡Z ÔgybvhvivÕ Øviv †Zgb dj jvf m¤¢eci wQj bv| wKš‘ nq‡Zv Dcw¯’Z Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ KviI DcKvi n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wZwb GB k‡Z© ÔgybvhvivÕ gÄyi Ki‡jb †h, ÔwjwLZ gybvhviv Õ nIqv PvB| KviY †gŠwLK K_vq Ae‡k‡l AkvwšÍi m„wó nq| GKwU kZ© ûhyi GUvI wbav©iY Ki‡jb :

ÒGB evnv‡mi mfvq IB me Bjnvg cÖvwßi `vwe`vi‡ì Dcw¯’Z n‡Z n‡e, hviv Zv‡ì Bjnv‡gi gva¨‡g GB Aag‡K ÔRvnvbœvgxÕ mve¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb Ges Ggb ÔKv‡diÕ e‡j wbav©iY K‡i‡Qb †h mvaviYZ †n`v‡qZ †c‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv ÔgyevnvjvÕ (cÖv_©bv hy×) †P‡q‡Qb| Bjnvg Abyhvqx wgquv Ave`yi ingvb †j¶z‡KIqvjv Avgv‡K ÔKv‡di I gyjnv`Õ cÖwZcbœ K‡i‡Qb Ges wgquv Ave`yj nK MRbex ÔRvnvbœvgx Õ wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb| †gŠjex Ave`yj RveŸvi Zv‡ì Bjnvg Zmw`KI AbymiY K‡ib| myZivs, Zuv‡ì wZbR‡biB mfv¯’‡j Dcw¯’Z _vKv AZ¨vek¨K, hv‡Z ÔgyevnvjvÕ m¤^‡ÜI wggvsmv GKB m‡½ n‡q hvq|2

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wPwVi GB D×„wZ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, Ag„Zm‡ii MRbexi `jI ûhy‡ii fxlY we‡ivwaZvq AeZxY© n‡qwQj Ges †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Gi d‡j, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ûhy‡ii cÎvjvc `xN© n‡Z _v‡K| Hme cÎ †_‡K wKQy K_v cvVK-cvwVKvi DcKviv‡_© D‡jøL Kiv nj|

(1) †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjexi bv‡g nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÎ, Zvs 5B †deªæqvwi, 1891, mvj| (Ônvqv‡Z Avng`Õ Z…Zxq †Rj&`, 61c„:)|

(2) †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex bvgxq cÎ Zvs 8Bs gvP©, 1891 mvj|


cÎvjv‡ci wKQz K_vevZ©v :†gŠjex †gvnv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne AvcwË ¯îƒc Zvui GKwU c‡Î Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvqÕ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wjwLZ IB Dw³I Dcw¯’Z K‡ib, †hLv‡b gymjgvb‡ì K_v I cªPwjZ ag© wek¦vm Abymv‡i wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, nhiZ gmxn hLb cybev©i c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb Ki‡eb, ZLb Zvui nv‡Z Bmjvg ag© me©Î we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡e| Gi Reve nhiZ mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ we¯Í„Z fv‡e cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gi mvigg© ûhy‡ii wbR K_vq cÖ`Ë nj :

ÒGB Aag †Lv`v ZvAvjv †_‡K Bjnvg cÖvß n‡q Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqvq ÔBe‡b-gixqgÕ Gi cÖwZkÖæZ ev AcÖwZkÖæZ nIqv m¤^‡Ü †Kvb wKQzB D‡jøL Kwiwb| ïay GKUv cÖPwjZ AvwK`v ¯îƒ‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡qwQj| Avcwb GLv‡b Zv Dcw¯’Z Kivq †KvbB dj n‡e bv|Ó

ÒAvgv‡ì bex mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n IqvmvjøvgI †Kvb †Kvb KvR Inx bv‡hj bv nIqv ch©šÍ ebx Bmªvwq‡ji bex‡ì gk&ûi cÖPwjZ wbqgvbyhvqx Pj‡Zb Ges Inx cvIqvi ci hLb wb‡la Kiv nZ, ZLb Zv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Zb| Zv GKRb wkïI eyS‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi gZ weÁ e¨vw³ eyS‡eb bv †KbÓ1

Ò†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Pvw”Q‡jb gybvhvivq Zuvi `vwei mg_©b Ges gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm cÖ_‡g hyw³ wjwce× Ki‡eb| wKš‘ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi hyw³i wfwË wQj :

ÒAvwg Ôd‡Zn BmjvgÕ †ZŠwh‡n givgÓ Øviv Ges ÔKvI‡j dmxnÓ2 cwÎKvq ÔBhvjvq AvInv‡giÕ †h Ask cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi gva¨‡gI Avgvi `vwe DËgfv‡e eY©bv K‡iwQ Ges †mB `vwe GB †h Avwg Bj&nv‡gi wfwË g~‡j Ôgmx‡j-gmxnÕ (gmx‡ni Abyiƒc) nIqvi `vwe Kwi Ges m‡½ m‡½ GK_vI ewj †h nhiZ gmxn Be&‡b gwiqg e¯‘Z: ci‡jvKMgb K‡i‡Qb|

ÒmyZivs, GB Aa‡gi Ôgmx‡j-gmxnÕ nIqv Avcwb ÔBkv-AvZzm& mybœvn‡Z m¤¢eci e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Avwg m‡Zï Ici cÖwZwôZ n‡q _vK‡j Avjøvn& Rvjøv-kvbyû Avgvi mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb Ges Zuvi kw³kvjx AvμgYmg~n Øviv Avgvi mZ¨Zv cÖKvwkZ Ki‡eb|

ÒevwK _vK‡jv ÔBe‡b gwiqgÕ nIqv| g„Zzï cÖgvY †jLvi †Kvb `vwqZ¡

(1) nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÎ, Zvs 14B gvP©, ebvg †gŠjex gyn¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex|(2) GB mvgwqK cÎwU wkqvj‡KvU †_‡K gybwk †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡n‡ei m¤úv`bvq

cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv|


Avgvi Ici †bB| KviY, Avwg Ggb †Kvb `vwe Kwiwb, hv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi wPivPwiZ wbq‡gi we‡ivax| avivevwnKfv‡e nhiZ Av`g †_‡K ïiæ K‡i GB wbqgB cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, †h Rb¥MÖnY K‡i Ae‡k‡l GKw`b †hŠe‡b ev †cÖŠ‡p Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| Avjøvn& Rvjøv-kvbyû e‡jb :

ÒmyZivs, hLb Avgvi KZ©e¨B bq †h, Avwg gmx‡ni g„Zzï `wjj †`B, ZLb Zv Avcbvi KZ©e¨ †h Avcwb Avgvi eY©bv wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ Kievi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Kjg a‡ib Ges KziAvb I Av-nv`xm †_‡K cÖgvwYZ Kiæb †h mevB Bn‡jvK cwiZ¨vM K‡i hvq Ges Avgv‡ì bex Kixg (mv.)I IdvZ jvf K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ gmxni GLb ch©šÍI IdvZ †c‡Z evwK Av‡Qb| †Kvb gybvhvivKvix‡K wRÁvmv Kiæb †h gybvhvivi wbqg wK?

ÒGLb GUvI ¯§iY ivL‡eb, Avcbvi Ab¨vb¨ ZK©I gmx‡ni ¯^kix‡i D‡ËvwjZ nIqviB kvLv cÖkvLv gvÎ| hw` Avcwb Zv cÖgvY K‡i †`b †h, gmxn RxweZve¯’vq Ro-†`n wb‡q AvKv‡ki w`‡K D‡ËvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv n‡j Avcwb me wKQyB cÖgvY Ki‡jb| myZivs cÖ_‡g †jLv Avcbvi `vwqZ¡| hw` GLbI Avcwb ¯^xKvi bv K‡ib, Z‡e Ab¨ RvwZ †_‡K wKQy e¨w³‡K gxgvsmvKvix †g‡b †`Lyb| hw` Avcwb GLbI ¯^xKvi bv K‡ib, Z‡e Ab¨ RvwZ †_‡K wKQy e¨w³‡K wggvsmvKvix †g‡b †`Lyb|

ÒAe‡k‡l GKwU DcgvI ïbyb| Rv‡q` wbiæ‡Ïk| Zvi wbiæ‡Ï‡ki ci `yB kÕ eQi cvi n‡q †M‡Q| Lv‡j` I Awj‡ì g‡a¨ Zvi Rxeb Ges g„Zz¨ wb‡q weev` Pjj| Lv‡j`‡K GK msev``vZv msev` w`j †h, cÖK…Zc‡¶ Rv‡q‡ì g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Awj` GB msev` A¯^xKvi K‡i| GLb Avcbvi AwfgZ wK? cÖgv‡Yi fvi Kvi Ici? Lv‡j`‡K wK Zvi `vwe Abyhvqx Rv‡q‡ì g„Zz¨ cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, A_ev GLb ch©šÍ RxweZ _vKv Awj` mve¨¯Í Ki‡e? wewa wK?Ó2

(1) A_©vr, Ò†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD cÖvß eq‡m cÖvYZ¨vM K‡i Ges †Zvgv‡ì †KD †KD AZ¨vwaK eva©‡K¨ †cŠu‡Q, hv‡Z eû wKQy Ávb jvf Kivi ci m¤ú~Y© Ávbnviv n‡q c‡o|Ó Ômyiv nRÕ, Av‡qZ 6 (Abyev`K)

(2) Ônvqv‡Z-Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÐ, 79 c„:|


†gŠjex gynv¤§` û‡m‡bi mv‡_ cÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb eÜ :hLb nhiZ AvK`vm, †`L‡Z †c‡jb †gŠjex mv‡ne AcÖ‡qvRbxq cÎvjvc I jvd-Suvc Qvov †Kvb hyw³m½Z K_vi w`‡K Av‡mb bv, ZLb 1891 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡mi †k‡l wb¤œwjwLZ c‡Îi gva¨‡g Zuvi mv‡_ fwel¨r wPwVc‡Îi Av`vb cÖ`vb eÜ Ki‡jb|

Òwem&wgjøvwni ivn&gvwbi ivnxg| bvn&gv`yû Iqvbymvwjø Avjv ivmywjwnj Kixg|wcÖq fvB †gŠjex mv‡ne mvjøvgvû,

Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKzg I ivn&gvZzjøv‡n I evivKvZyû|Avcbvi AbyMÖnwjwc †cŠu‡Q‡Q| GB Aag †Kvb bZzb K_v †`LwQ bv, hvi Reve †jLv cÖ‡qvRb| GB Aa‡gi `vwei wfwË Bj&nvg| hw` Avcwb cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb †h KziAvb I nvw`m GB `vwei we‡ivax-Zvici hw` GB Aag Avcbvi `wjj¸‡jv Zvi †jLbx Øviv LÐb Ki‡Z bv cviZ, Z‡e Dcw¯’Z mKj e¨w³i Kv‡Q Avcwb mZëv`x n‡Zb Ges Avcbvi K_vgZ Aag GB Bj&nvg n‡Z ZIev KiZ| hv‡nvK, GLb Avcwb ÔGhvjv‡q- AvInvgÕ cy¯Í‡Ki cÖwZev` wjL‡Z ïiæ Kiæb| gvbyl AvcwbB †`‡L wb‡e| ÔIqvmmvjvgÕ| LvKmvi-‡Mvjvg Avn&g` Avdv Avb&û|Ó1

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡q‡bi QÙbv‡g QÙveiY :hLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne †`L‡Z †c‡jb Zuvi A‡hŠw³KZvi d‡j nhiZ AvK`vm wgh©v mv‡ne cÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb eÜ K‡i‡Qb| ZLb wZwb jywaqvbvi R‰bK m¤£všÍ e¨w³ †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmvb mv‡ne‡K QÙvei‡Y eënvi Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| cÎ wb‡RB wjL‡Zb| wKš‘ †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmvb mv‡ne wj‡L‡Qb e‡j cÖKvk Kievi Rb¨ Zuvi `¯ÍLZ MÖnY Ki‡Zb| hwÌ nhiZ AvK`vm cÖK…Z e¨vcvi AewnZ wQ‡jb, Zey Gme c‡Îi Reve bv †`qv cQ›` K‡ibwb| myZivs, cÖKvišÍ‡i wPwVcÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Pj‡Z jvMj| wKš‘ Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ GKB wQj, hv Av‡M ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ IB me wPwVc‡Îi Av‡jvPbv Abvek¨K|

(1) 1891 mv‡ji 20 †k GwcÖj Zvwi‡L †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi bvgxq nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÎ| (Ônvqv‡Z Avn&¤§`Õ, Z…Zxq LÐ, 78-79 c„:)|


GKwU Riæwi weÁwß :nhiZ AvK`vm hLb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †gŠjex mv‡ne gybvhvivi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡ib wKš‘ mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z nb bv, c¶všÍ‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖPviYv Øviv Zv‡ì‡K Zuvi weiæ‡× D‡ËwRZ Ki‡Qb, ZLb wZwb ÒRiæix Bk‡ZnviÓ kxl© w`‡q mgMÖ Djvgv m¤cÖ`vq I Rbmvavi‡Yi Ici P~ovšÍ hyw³i cÖvavb¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi gvb‡m GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb| Gi mvigg© GB :

ÒDjvgvMY Avgvi weiæ‡× GB Awf‡hvM K‡ib Avwg Ô†d‡ikZvnÕ, ÔjvBjvZzj-KìÕ Ges Ôgmxni gy‡RhvÕ mg~n A¯^xKvi Kwi| Zuviv †Kb GKwU cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq Avgvi mv‡_ wjwLZ gybvhviv K‡ib bv? Zvn‡j †Zv me©mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q mZ¨ cÖKvk n‡q hvqÓ|

GB Bk‡Znv‡ii †klvs‡k ûhyi wjL‡jb :ÒAvwg D”P:¯^‡i ejwQ Avgvi Kv‡Q †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuvi Bj&nvg I Bj&Kv Øviv mZ¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi Kv‡Q †h mZ¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zv GB, cÖK…Zc‡¶ nhiZ gmxn Be‡b gixqg IdvZ cÖvß n‡q‡Qb Ges Zuvi iæn Zuvi gmxn cyÎ Bqvn&Bqvi AvZ¥vi m‡½ wØZxq Avmgv‡b Av‡Q| GB Rvgvbvi Rb¨ iænvbxfv‡e †h gmx‡ni Avmevi K_v wQjÑhuvi msev` mZ¨ nvw`m mg~‡n ewY©Z Av‡Q, wZwb Avwg| GUv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvR| †jv‡Ki †Pv‡L Zv Avðh©RbK I N„wYZ e‡j cwi`„ó nq| Avwg cwi¯‹vi wjLwQ, Avgvi `vwe ïay Bj&nv‡gi IciB cÖwZwôZ bq eis mgMÖ KziAvb kixd Gi mg_©b K‡i| me mnxn& nvw`m Gi mZ¨Zvi mv¶x| †Lv`v-cÖ`Ë eyw×e„wËI GiB mg_©b K‡i| hw` †gŠjex mv‡nev‡bi Kv‡Q weiæ× kixqwZ `wjj gRy` _v‡K, Z‡e Zuviv cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq Dc‡i ewY©Z Dcv‡q Avgvi mv‡_ wggvsmv Kiæb| wbtm‡›`‡n m‡ZïB Rq n‡e| evievi ewj †h, Avwg m‡Zï Ici AvwQ| hLb †gŠjex mv‡neMY e‡jb †h, GB `vwe KziAvb I nvw`‡mi we‡ivax, ZLb Zuviv c~Y© wbe©yw×Zvi cwiPq †`b|

Òg‡nv`qMY, Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyû Avcbv‡ì ü`q‡K Cgv‡bi †R¨vwZ: Øviv Av‡jvwKZ Kiæb| GB `vwe KLbI Avjøvn&i Ges Zvi imy‡ji ev‡Kï we‡ivax bq| Avcbv‡ì eyw× wech©q N‡U‡Q| hw` Avcbviv mfv †W‡K ¯’vb I ZvwiL wVK K‡i GKwU cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq Avgvi mv‡_ wjwLZ evnvm bv K‡ib, Z‡e Avcbviv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q Ges mZ¨civqY e¨w³‡ì Kv‡QI weiæ×ev`x cÖwZcbœ n‡eb| GUvB mgxPxb †h Avgvi mv‡_ mvg‡b e‡m wjwLZfv‡e evnvm bv Kiv ch©šÍ RbmvaviY‡K wec_Mvgx Kivi KvR


†_‡K Ges weiæ× gZ cÖKvk Kiv †_‡K gyL eÜ ivLyb| fq Kiæb †Lv`v ZvAvjvi GB m¤§vwbZ AvqvZ‡K :

Ab¨_vq, GB me Kvh©Kjvc j¾v, Cgvb, †Lv`vi fq Ges b¨vqcivqYZvi we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ n‡e| cÖKvk _v‡K †h GB Bk‡Znv‡i me©Rbxbfv‡e mKj †gŠjex mv‡nevb‡KB m‡¤^vab Kiv n‡”Q hviv weiæ× gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| we‡klZ: Zv‡`i mevi †bZ…eM©, Ñ A_©vr †gŠjex Avey mvqx` gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex, †gŠjex iwk` Avn&g` Mv‡½vnx, †gŠjex Ave`yj RveŸvi mv‡ne MRbex, †gŠjex Avãyi ingvb mv‡ne †j¶z‡KIqvjv, †gŠjex kvqL& Devq`yjøvn& mv‡ne wZeŸZx, †gŠjex Avãyj Avhxh mv‡ne jywaqvbex gvq fvBiv Ges †gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠix Avgvi m‡¤^va‡bi j¶¨¯’j|2

†gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmv‡bi mv‡_I cÎ Av`vb-cª`vb eÜ :Avgiv Dc‡i e‡jwQ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei ci †gŠjex ‡gvnv¤§` nvmv‡bi mv‡_ cÎvjvc ïiæ nq| wKš‘ Gi AšÍiv‡jI †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qbB KvR KiwQ‡jb| Zvi Rb¨ Gme cÎ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi d‡j †KvbB wggvsmv nj bv| GB cÎ e¨enviI 1891 mv‡ji 13B Ryb eÜ Kiv nj| wKš‘ Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ gybvhviv †kvbvi I †`Lvi Zxeª AvKv•¶v cÖKvk cvw”Qj Ges nhiZ AvK`vmI Pvw”Q‡jb †Kvb cÖKv‡i Ôgmx‡ni g„Zz¨Õ Ges ÔcÖwZkÖæZ gmx‡niÕ welq wb‡q ZK© †nvK|

jywaqvbvq gyevnvmvi KviY :Gi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjv Ggb DcKiY m„wó Ki‡jb †h, d‡j †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex gyevnvmv Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb| Zv GB cÖKv‡i nj, 13B Ryb †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmv‡bi mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK cÎ wewbgq eÜ n‡j nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mv‡ji RyjvBi cÖ_g fv‡M Ag„Zm‡ii †Kvb m¤£všÍ e¨w³ AvMÖn Kivq †mLv‡b hvb| Ag„Zm‡ii Avn‡j-nvw`m `yÕwU `‡j wef³ n‡qwQj| GK `‡ji †bZv wQ‡jb †gŠjex Avng`yjøvn mv‡ne|3 (1) Ò†Zvgvi †h wel‡qi †Kvb Ávb †bB, Zvi cðv‡Z QywUI bv|Ó Ôm~iv ewb BmivCj,Õ

37 AvqvZ| (Abyev`K)(2) 26 †k gvP© 1891 mv‡ji ÔRiæix Bk&‡ZnviÕ n‡j D×„Z (nvqv‡Z-Avn¤§`, Z…Zxq

LÛ, 84-90 c„:|)(3) Ô†gŠjex Avng`yjøvnÕ mv‡ne ‡gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi QvÎ Ges I

†gŠjex mvbvDjøvn& Ag„Zmixi wk¶K wQ‡jb|

1


Ab¨ `‡ji †bZv wQ‡jb MRbexMY| nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mv‡ji 7B RyjvB, †gŠjex Avn&g`yjøvn& mv‡ne‡K kvwšÍ i¶vi k‡Z© wjwLZ gybvhvivi Rb¨ Avnevb K‡ib| †gŠjex mv‡ne G‡Z AMÖmi n‡jb bv| d‡j, ‡gŠjex Avn&g`yjøvn& mv‡n‡ei `‡ji wKQy e¨w³ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖnY K‡i wmjwmjvq `v‡Lj n‡jb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ nhiZ †gŠjex gynv¤§` Bm&gvCj mv‡ne, nhiZ wgquv bex eL&k we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GB g‡nv`qMY wmj&wmjvq †hvM`vb Kivq †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne gyevnvmv Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb|

jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv :nhiZ AvK`vm Ag„Zmi †_‡K jywaqvbv hvb | 1891 mv‡ji 20 RyjvB, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi evm¯’v‡bB gyevnvmv ïiæ nj| GB gyevnvmvq nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne Ges gybwk †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne dmxn& wkqvj‡KvUmn Kcyi_jv Ges jywaqvbv †Rjvi RvgvÕZ ¸‡jvi eÜyMY we‡klfv‡e †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb|

nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK †bvgvbx mv‡n‡ei wee„wZ :nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne †bvÕgvbx ivwh Avjøvn Avbû GB gyevnvmvi wb¤œ cÖ`Ë weeiY wjwce× K‡i‡Qb:

ÒAvwg nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wjwLZ ghgyb m‡½ m‡½ bKj K‡i †hZvg| hLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex, †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmvb mv‡ne, mvAvÕ`yjøvn bI gymwjg Ges AviI cvuP-mvZ e¨w³ mgwfeënv‡i nhi‡Zi evmvq AvMgb Ki‡jb, ZLb wZwb GKwU cÖkœ wj‡L nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mvg‡b ivL‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm Gi DËi wj‡L w`‡jb Ges Avgv‡K K‡qKwU Kjg cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Zuvi cv‡k †i‡L †`qvi Rb¨ ej‡jb Ges Av‡`k w`‡jb †h, wZwb hv †j‡Lb m‡½ m‡½ Avwg †hb Zvi bKj K‡i hvB| myZivs, Avwg cÖwZwjwc cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z jvMjvg Ges wZwb wjL‡Z jvM‡jb| hLb †mw`bKvi cÖkœ I DËi †jLv n‡q †Mj, ZLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne A½xKvi f½ K‡i †gŠwLK IqvR ïiæ Ki‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb †h, wgh©v mv‡n‡ei g‡Z KziAvb Kixg nvw`‡mi Ici AMÖMY¨, GB wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| KziAvb kixd msμvšÍ welq mg~n nvw`‡mi Øviv D`NvwUZ nq Ges GUvB wggvsmv| †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei e³„Zvi GUvB mvigg© wQj| AZ:ci, nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm


mvjvg ej‡jb, Ôc~‡e© GB Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq †h, †gŠwLK e³„Zv †KD Ki‡e bv| †gŠjex mv‡ne GB Pzw³f½ c~e©K e³„Zv K‡i‡Qb| myZivs, AvgviI wKQy †gŠwLK e³„Zv Kivi AwaKvi †R‡M‡Q| Zvici, nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg ej‡jb: Ô†gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB ag©gZ †Kvbfv‡eB ï× bq †h, nvw`m KziAvb kix‡di Ici AMÖMY¨| KyiAvb kixd cVbxq Inx| mgMÖ KziAvb kixd imyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi mg‡q GK‡Î msi¶Y Kiv nq Ges Zv wQj Avjøvni Kvjvg| nvw`m m¤ú‡K© GB ai‡bi †Kvb eë¯’v Aejw¤^Z nqwb Ges Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi mg‡q wjwce× nqwb| KziAvb kix‡di †h gh©v`v I ¯’vb Zv nvw`‡mi †bB| KviY G¸‡jv Ô†iIqv‡qZ ì-‡iIqv‡qZÕ- GKR‡bi wee„wZ cybivq Ab¨Rb Øviv ewY©Z n‡q msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q| c¶všÍ‡i, hw` †KD nvw`m m¤^‡Ü Ggb Kmg K‡i †h, KziAvb kix‡di cÖwZ A¶iB ÔKvjv‡g-GjvnxÕ Ges hw` Zv Avjøvni Kvjvg bv n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi Ô¯¿x ZvjvK,Õ Z‡e kixqZ Abymv‡i Zvi ¯¿xi Ici ZvjvK ewZ©‡e bv| c¶všÍ‡i, hw` †KD nvw`m m¤^‡Ü Kmgc~e©K e‡j, nvw`‡mi cÖwZ kã I A¶i imyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi gyL wb:m„Z evYx, hw` Zv bv nq, Zvi ¯¿x ZvjvK, Z‡e wb:m‡›`‡n Zvi ¯¿xi Ici ZvjvK ewZ©‡e| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi e³„Zvi GB wQj mvigg©| e³„Zv Ges wjwLZ cÖeÜ cvV K‡i D‡jøwLZ wee„wZ nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg hLb ïbvw”Q‡jb, ZLb PZz©w`K †_‡K ïay ÔDËgÕ ÔDËgÕ ÔmyevnvbvjøvnÕ Ômyenvbvjøvn, aŸwb DwÌZ nw”Qj| Ggb n‡Zv †h, †KejgvÎ mvAvÕ`yjøvn& I †gŠjex mv‡ne e¨ZxZ Zvu‡ì c‡¶i e¨w³iv AÁvZmv‡i Ômyenvbvjøvn&Õ ej‡Zb| `yÕ wZb Rb e¨w³ ej‡jb, Zv‡ì aviYv wQj wgh©v mv‡ne e³„Zv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv e‡j †gŠwLK evnvm bv K‡i wjwLZ evnvm K‡ib| wKš‘ AvR Zviv Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h wgh©v mv‡ne AwZ DËg e³„ZvI Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wjwLZ e³e¨ cQ›` Kivi KviY e³„Zvi A¶gZv bq, eis Gi KviY hv‡Z †jLvi Øviv mZ¨wg_¨vi g‡a¨ fvj wggvsmv nq Ges mevB m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mZ¨ I wg_¨vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Dcjw× Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Dcw¯’Z I Abycw¯’Z mevi Kv‡Q mZ¨ wg_¨v cy‡ivcywi cÖKvwkZ nq| †gŠjex mv‡ne G‡Z Amš‘ó n‡q ej‡jb Ô†Zvgiv ïb‡Z G‡m‡Qv bv, ÔevnevÕ, ÔevnevÕ Ges myenvbvjøvn& ej‡Z G‡m‡Qv?Õ Dfq c‡¶i wjwLZ e³e¨¸‡jv gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zv †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|1

(1) GB gyevnvmv ÔAvj&-n‡° jywaqvbvÕ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|


ÒGB gyevnvmvq nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg nvw`m Ges KziAvb kix‡di m¤^Ü m¤ú‡K© P~ovšÍ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ hveZxq Z‡K©i Aemvb K‡ib| Qq-mvZ w`b ch©šÍ GB gyevnvmv nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi Ae¯’vbvj‡q AbywôZ nj| †gŠjex mv‡ne& ZLb †Kvb fv‡e Ae¨vnwZ jv‡fi Rb¨ e¨¯Í n‡jb Ges GB evnvbvi AeZviYv Ki‡jb †h, ÔGZ w`b Zuvi evwo‡Z gyevnvmv n‡q‡Q, GLb Zvi A_©vr †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmv‡bi evwo‡Z gyevnvmv nIqv DwPZ|Õ nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvq‡nm& mvjvg Zv gÄyi Ki‡jb| Aewkó K‡qK w`be¨vcx †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmv‡bi evwo‡ZB gyevnvmv nj| nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvq‡nm mvjvg †mLv‡b hvIqvi mgq Avwg Dcw¯’Z _vKZvg| bv nq, wZwb Avgv‡K †W‡K wb‡Zb Ges Avwg bv Avmv ch©šÍ A‡c¶v Ki‡Zb| cwiYvg GB `vuov‡jv †h †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne eû PvjvwK Ki‡jb| †Kvb PvZzwiB wUK‡jv bv| Zey GKwU cÖeÜ wZwb AcniY K‡ib| gyevnvmvq G eivZ wQj |

†gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmv‡bi evwo‡Z gvÎ `yÕ Pvi Rb †jvK nZ| †Zi w`b ch©šÍ GB gyevnvmv PjwQj| †jvKRb AZ¨šÍ ‰ah©Pz¨Z n‡q co‡jv| Pviw`K †_‡K cÎ Avm‡Z jvMj| Lvm jywaqvbvi Awaevmxiv †Mvjgvj ïiæ Ki‡jv| D‡jøwLZ bxwZ wb‡q gyevnvmv Avi KZ Kvj Pj‡e? gmx‡ni Rxeb ev g„Zz¨ Z‡K©i g~j welqe¯‘ wba©vwiZ n‡qwQj| IB wel‡q gyevnvmv nIqv PvB| bxwZ m¤úwK©Z GB weev‡` †gŠjex mv‡ne aŸsm †nvb| Gw`‡K nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvgI evi evi ejwQ‡jb, gyevnvmv gmxn wK RxweZ bv g„Z GB wel‡q nIqv AZ¨vek¨K, hv‡Z GK m‡½ me wel‡qiB wggvsmv n‡q hvq| wKš‘ †gŠjex mv‡ne GB g~j wel‡qi w`‡K †Kvb g‡ZB Avm‡jb bv| †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q gmx‡ni Rxeb m¤^‡Ü `wjj wQj bv| GB Rb¨ wZwb †KejB Gov‡Z PvB‡jb| hvB †nvK, †Zi w`b gyevnvmv n‡jv| †kl w`b wLªóvb, gymjgvb, wn›`y BZ¨vw` m¤úª`v‡qi eû †jv‡Ki mgvMg nj| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg wjwLZ e³e¨ cv‡Vi Av‡M ej‡jb, GB gyevnvmv `xN© n‡q c‡o‡Q| GLb Gi †KvbB cÖ‡qvRb †bB| gmxn wK RxweZÑbv g„Z, GB g~j welq envj nIqv mgxPxb| wKš‘ †gŠjex mv‡ne, †Kvb μ‡gB ¯^xKvi Ki‡jb bv| Zvui nv‡Z nhiZ Cmv AvjvB‡nm mvjvg RxweZ _vKvi †Kvb cÖgvY wQj bv| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg e³e¨ cvV ïiæ Ki‡j †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei †Pnviv Kv‡jv n‡q co‡jv| wZwb Ggb e¨vKzj-wPË I kw¼Z n‡q co‡jb †h, Zvui eyw× †jvc †cj| †bvU Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Kjg wb‡q K‡qKevi gvwUi Ici AvNvZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| †`vqvZ †hLv‡b wQj, †mLv‡b


_vK‡jv gvwUi Dci K‡qK evi AvNvZ Kivq Kjg †f‡½ †Mj| hLb GB nvw`m ïb‡Z †c‡jb †h, imyj Kixg mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg e‡j‡Qb †h nvw`m KziAv‡bi we‡ivax Zv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges KziAvb‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, ZLb †gŠjex mv‡ne AwZkq †μvavwš^Z n‡q ej‡Z jvM‡jb GB nvw`m eyLvix‡Z †bB| GB nvw`m eyLvix‡Z _vK‡j †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei ÔDfq weweiB ZvjvKÕ| GB ÔZvjvKÕ kã ï‡b Dcw¯’Z RbZv †n‡m DVj| †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei j¾vi mxgv _vK‡jv bv| AZ:ci, K‡qK w`b a‡i †gŠjex mv‡ne †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q ej‡Z jvM‡jb, bv bv Zvi `yÕ wewei Ici ÔZvjvKÕ e‡Z©wb Ges wZwb ZvjvKÕ kã D”PviY K‡ibwb| ZLb `k-wek Rb ev kÕ `yB kÕ †jvK hv Rvb‡Zv, GLb †gŠjex mv‡ne mnmª mnmª e¨w³‡K Zv Rvbv‡jb| †gŠjex mv‡ne †μvavÜ n‡q, †Lv`v Rv‡bb, gyL †_‡K KZ wK wbtm„Z KiwQ‡jb|Ó1

G gyevnvmv 1891 mv‡ji 20†k RyjvB n‡Z 31†k RyjvB ch©šÍ evi a‡iw`b n‡qwQj| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjøvg ÔGhvqÑAvInv‡giÕ †klvs‡k GB gyevnvmvi Ag~j e„ËvšÍ cÖKvk K‡ib| GB gyevnvmv ÔAvjÑn‡° j~waqvbvÕ bv‡g ¯^Zš¿ wKZveiƒ‡cI cÖKvwkZ nq|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei †μvavÜ D‡ËRbv I jywaqvbv †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡`©k :†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne hLb gyevnvmv Øviv wKQy Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv, ZLb wZwb †μv‡ai ekeZ©x n‡q D‡ËRbvg~jK wμqvKjvc ïiæ Ki‡jb| G‡Z kn‡ii kvwšÍ wewNœZ nIqvi Avk¼v nj| jywaqvbvi †WcywU Kwgkbvi †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB me KvR-K‡g©i wi‡cvU© †c‡q †gŠjex mv‡ne‡K kni cwiZ¨v‡Mi Av‡`k cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| wZwb jv‡nvi P‡j †M‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm g‡b Ki‡jb, n‡Z cv‡i, Dfq c¶ †_‡KB jywaqvbv cwiZ¨v‡Mi Av‡`k n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ cÖK…Z welq AeMZ nIqvi Rb¨ 5B AvMó jywaqvbvi †WcywU Kwgkbvi‡K GKwU cÎ wjL‡jb| 6B AvMó †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii KvQ †_‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi c‡Îi DËi Avmj:2

Òwg: WweøD †PvU&m evnv`yi †WcywU Kwgkbvi jywaqvbvi evs‡jv †_‡K gxhv© †Mvjvg Avng`, Pxd Ad& Kvw`qvb| mvjvgZ| MZKv‡ji Avcbvi cÎ (1) ÔZvh‡KivZzj&-gvn`xÕ, wmivRyj nK mv‡nebyÕgvbx cÖYxZ|(2) Ônvqv‡Z-Avn&g`Õ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 109-110c„:|


†c‡q, †`‡L I ï‡b wjL‡Z n‡”Q †h, miKvwi AvBb †gvZv‡eK Avcbvi jywaqvbv _vKvi IB mg¯Í AwaKviB i‡q‡Q, †hgb Bs‡iR miKv‡ii AvBb gvb¨Kvix Aci mvavi‡Yi Av‡Q|Ó Zvs 6B AvMó, 1891 mvj|

(`¯ÍLZ, †WcywU Kwgkbvi evnv`yi)

†gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ :gyevnvmvi ci w`b GKwU Avðh©RbK NUbv NU‡jv| †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne GKRb KziAvbf³ †gŠjex wQ‡jb| wZwb 2/4 Rb AviI †jv‡Ki mv‡_ †gŠjex †gvnv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb ÒKziAvb gRx‡` wK nhiZ Cmv AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi RxweZ _vKvi m¤^‡Ü †Kvb AvqvZ †bB? Ó †gŠjex mv‡ne ej‡jb, Òn¨vu, wekwU AvqvZ KziAvb gRx‡` we`¨gvb Av‡Q| †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB Reve ï‡b †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wL`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q ej‡jb, Ôgxhv© mv‡ne, Avcbvi Kv‡Q nhiZ gmx‡ni g„Zzï `wjj Av‡Q wK ?Ó nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb, Òhw` KziAvb gRx` †_‡K wekwU AvqvZ †ei K‡i †`Lv‡Z cvwi, Z‡e?Ó ûhyi ej‡jb, Ò‡gŠjex mv‡ne, Avcwb GKwU AvqvZB wb‡q Avmyb| Avgvi Rb¨ GUvB h‡_ó|Ó †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ò†`L‡eb, wVK _vK‡eb| Avwg wekwU AvqvZ w`w”Q|Ó GB e‡j †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi Kv‡Q wM‡q ej‡jb. Ò†gŠjex mv‡ne, Avwg wgh©v mv‡ne †_‡K ¯^xK…wZ wb‡q G‡mwQ| Avwg Zvu‡K e‡jwQjvg †h, Avwg ÒwekwU AvqvZÓ †ei K‡i wb‡q AvmwQ| wKš‘ wZwb †Kej GZUzKzB ej‡jb †h, ïay GKwU AvqvZB †hb wb‡q Dcw¯’Z Kwi| GLb Avcwb gmxn RxweZ _vKv m¤^‡Ü AvqvZ¸‡jv †ei K‡i w`b| Avwg GLbB wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q wM‡q Zv‡K ZIev Kwi‡q Avme|Ó †kªvZvMY †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB mvd‡jï K_v ï‡b eoB cÖxZ n‡jb| wKš‘ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne AwMœkg© n‡q ej‡jb, ÒZzB wgh©v‡K civwRZ K‡i Avwmm bvB| Avgv‡ì jw¾Z K‡iwQm| eû w`b †_‡K wgh©v‡K nvw`‡mi w`‡K Avbvi †Póv KiwQ Ges wZwb Avgv‡K KziAvi kix‡di w`‡K Uvb‡Qb| KziAvb kix‡d gmxn RxweZ _vKv m¤^‡Ü †Kvb AvqvZ _vK‡j, Avwg K‡eB Dcw¯’Z KiZvg| GB R‡b¨B Avwg nvw`‡mi Ici †Rvi w`‡q _vwK| KziAvb kixd Øviv Avgiv ÔmRxeÕ n‡Z cvwib bv| KziAvb kixd †Zv wgh©vi `vwe‡K ÔZvRvÕ K‡i|Ó

ÔZvh& wKivZzj-gvn`xÕ cÖ‡YZv cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvb wj‡Lb, wZwb Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyûi mv¶x K‡i e‡j‡Qb, Ò†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex


GB K_v¸‡jv e‡jwQ‡jb Ges G‡Z we›`ygvÎ wg_¨vi Ask †bB|Ó hv †nvK, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei GB K_v¸‡jv ï‡b wbhvgywÏb mv‡n‡ei †PvL Ly‡j| wZwb ej‡jb :

ÒKziAvb kixd †Zvgvi m‡½ †bB| Z‡e GZ eo `vwe K‡iwQ‡j †Kb? GLb Avwg †Kvb& gy‡L wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q hve? hw` KziAvb kixd †Zvgvi m½x bq Ges †Zvgv‡K m½ bv †`q, eis wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv_x Ges Zvi mnvqZv K‡i, Z‡e Avwg †Zvgvi m½ Ki‡Z cvwi bv| GgZve¯’vq, Avwg wgh©vi m½x ne| GUv cvw_©e welq bq| a‡g©i e¨vcvi| †h w`‡K KziAvb kixd, †m w`‡K Avwg|Ó G‡Z †gŠjex gyn¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex Zvui m‡½i †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei w`‡K ZvwK‡q ej‡jb Ò†gŠjex mv‡ne, wbhvgywÏb wb‡e©va| Zv‡K Avey ûivqivn&i AvqvZ †ei K‡i †`wL‡q w`b|Ó †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne ej‡jb, Avey ûivqivn&i Avqv‡Zi Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avwg ïay Avjøvn ZvAvjvi AvqvZ MÖnY Ki‡ev|Ó Dfq †gŠjex ej‡jb, Òwb‡ev©a, AvqvZ †Zv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi| wKš‘ Avey ûivqivn& Gi Zdmxi K‡i‡Qb|Ó †gŠjex wbhvgyw&Ïb mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ò†Kvb Zdmx‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †m †Zv GK e¨w³i AwfgZ gvÎ| hv Zvi AwfgZ ev Abygv‡bi mv‡_ Avgvi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| wgh©v Pvb KziAvb Kix‡gi AvqvZ| myZivs,gmx‡ni RxweZ _vKv m¤^‡Ü KziAv‡b ¯úó Avqv‡Zi Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb |Ó

hLb †Kvb AvqvZ cvIqv †Mj bv, ZLb †gŠjex gyn¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex wbwðZfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, GB e¨w³ †ZvnvZ Qvov nj| GRb¨ wZwb †gŠjex gyn¤§` nvmvb‡K Ñ whwb c‡ii gyKvwjø` I jywaqvbvi GKRb m¤£všÍ e¨w³ wQ‡jbÑ ej‡jb, ÒAvcwb Zvi iæwU eÜ K‡i w`bÓ KviY, †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne jywaqvbvi cÖfvekvjx †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmvb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z Avnvi Ki‡Zb| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei GB agK ï‡b †gŠjex wbhvgywÏb mv‡ne †KŠZzK ¯^iƒc †Rvo nv‡Z ej‡jb, Ò†gŠjex mv‡ne, Avwg KziAvb kixd Qvojvg| iæwU Qvov‡eb bv|Ó GB K_v ky‡b evUvjex mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ jw¾Z n‡jb| Ae‡k‡l, †gŠjex wbhvgyÏxb mv‡ne nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z nvwRi n‡q j¾vebZ g¯Í‡K e‡m _vK‡jb| nhiZ ej‡jb, Òejyb, wek, Ewbk, `k, cvuP, `yB, Pvi ev GKwU AvqvZ Dcw¯’Z Kiæb| †gŠjex mv‡ne cÖ_‡g Pzc _vK‡jb| Zvici c~‡e©i e¨vcvi wee„Z K‡i ej‡jb, ÒGLb †hw`‡K KziAvb kixd, †mw`‡K Avwg|Ó GB e‡j ûhy‡ii Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡jb| Zvi eqAvZ MÖn‡Y †gŠjex‡`i


g‡a¨ ayg †kvi‡Mvj Dcw¯’Z nj Ges gyevnvmvi cÖ¯‘wZ c~e©v‡c¶v AwaKZi ZxeªZi fv‡e Pj‡Z jvMj|1

muvB ¸jve kvn& gRhy‡ei mv¶¨ :Avjøvn ZvAvjvi gvgyi‡ì AvMg‡bi mgq hLb wbKUeZx© nq, ZLb Zuvi KvQ †_‡K Zuvi †d‡ik&Zviv m`vZ¥v‡ì‡K GKwÎZ Kivi Rb¨ Avw`ó nb| GBme cyY¨vZ¥v‡ì g‡a¨B GKRb wQ‡jb wgquv Kixg eLk mv‡nŸ giûg| wZwb cig mvay, gyËvKx , mybœ‡Zi AbyeZx© Ges mZëv`x cyiæl wQ‡jb| wZwb hLb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q ÔeqAvZÕ MÖnY K‡ib, ZLb Zuvi eqAv‡Zi †cÖiYv‡K mvay AvZ¥v ¸jve mv‡ne mv¶¨ e‡j cÖKvk K‡ib| GB gRhy‡ei wKQy fwel¨ØvYx eY©bv Kievi ci wZwb e‡jb :

ÒGB eyRyM© wÎk eQi Av‡M GKevi Avgv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, Cmv GLb †hŠe‡b c`vc©Y Ki‡eb| wZwb jywaqvbvq G‡m KziAv‡bi åvwšÍmg~n cÖKvk Ki‡eb Ges KziAv‡bi Øviv wggvsmv Ki‡eb|Ó AviI ej‡jb Ô‡gŠjex Zvu‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB _vK‡e| ZLb Avwg Avðh©vwš^Z n‡q wRÁvmv Kijvg, ÔKziAv‡bI fyj Av‡Q? KziAvb †Zv Avjøvni Kvjvg|Õ ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, ÔZdmx‡ii ci Zdmxi n‡q‡Q Ges KweZ¡g~jK fvlv we¯Ívi jvf K‡i‡Q (A_©vr, eû AwZiÄb Øviv eû mZ¨ XvKv c‡o‡Q †hgb, Kweiv AZy¨w³i Øviv cÖK…Z mZ¨‡K †Mvcb K‡i †`q|) Zvici ej‡jb, Ô†mB Cmv G‡m KziAvb Øviv dqmvjv Ki‡eb|Õ Zvici, GB gRhye (Hkx †cÖ‡g AvZ¥nviv) cybe©vi ej‡jb, ÔKyiAvb Øviv wggvsmv K‡ib Ges †gŠjexiv Zv A¯^xKvi Ki‡e| Zvici AviI ej‡jb, ÔA¯^xKvi Ki‡e| hLb wZwb jywaqvbvq Avm‡eb, ZLb fxlY `ywf©¶ Dcw¯’Z n‡e| ZLb Avwg ejjvg, ÔCmv GLb †Kv_vq? wZwb ej‡jb ÔKvw`qv‡b|Õ Avwg ejjvg, ÔKvw`qvb †Zv jywaqvbv n‡Z gvÎ wZb †μvk `~i Aew¯’Z| †mLv‡b Cmv †Kv_vq?Ó

(jywaqvbvi Kv‡Q GKwU MÖvg Av‡Q| Zvi bvgI Kvw`qvb)| GB K_vi wZwb †Kvb DËi w`‡jb bv| Avwg GKUzI RvbZvg bv †h, ¸iæ`vmcy‡iI ÔKvw`qvbÕ bv‡g MÖvg Av‡Q| Zvici Avwg Zv‡K ejjvg, Cmv AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg Avjøvni bex| Zv‡K AvKv‡k DVvb n‡q‡Q| wZwb KvÕevi Ici AeZiY Ki‡eb| Õ ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, ÔCmv Be‡b gixqg bex Djøvn& †Zv g„ZzëiY

(1) ÔZvhwKivZzj-gvn`xÕ, cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvbx cÖYxZ|


K‡i‡Qb| GLb wZwb Avi Avm‡eb bv| Avwg fv‡jvfv‡e M‡elYv K‡iwQ wZwb g„Zy¨ jvf K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv ev`kvn& | wg_¨v ej‡ev bv|Õ AviI ej‡jb, ÔAvKvk ¸‡jvi AwaevmxMY KviI Kv‡Q cèª‡R Av‡mb bv|Õ

weÁvcK Ñ wgqv Kixg eLk, jywaqvbv, GKevjMÄ gnjøv , 14B Ryb ,1891, kwbevi|Ó1

GB wee„wZ `v‡bi ci Kixg eLk& mv‡ne ej‡jb, GKwU K_v ejv nqwb| †mB gRhye Zv‡K cwi¯‹vi e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒGB Cmvi bvg, Ô†Mvjvg Avng`Õ|Ó

GB wee„wZi bx‡P cÖvq cÂvk Rb Ggb mv¶x `¯ÍLZ K‡i‡Qb, hviv †Rvi `vwei mv‡_ e‡j‡Qb †h, wgqv Kixg eLk GKRb mZëv`x cyiæl Ges bvgvh †ivhv wbôvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡ib|

ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕ cÖYqb I cÖKvk :ÔnhiZ AvK`v‡mi `vwe cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Ôd‡Zn& BmjvgÕ IÔ‡ZŠwh‡n-gvivgÕ bv‡g `ywU cy¯ÍK Av‡MB cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| GLb 1891 mv‡ji †kl fv‡M ÔGhvjvG AvInvgÕ- Gi gZ AKvU¨ hyw³m¤úbœ cy¯ÍK `yB L‡Û cÖKvwkZ n‡jv| GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cy¯Í‡K wZwb gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ Ges Zvi `vwei Ggb me©wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb †h, mg¯Í Avuavi Ny‡P D¾¡j wè‡mi D`q nj| Zvici gmxn (Av.) Gi RxweZ _vKv wek¦v‡m †`vlmg~n we¯Í„Z Av‡jvPbv c~e©K nhiZ gmxn AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi g„Zzï DcKvwiZv eY©bv cÖm‡½ wZwb Zvi eÜzMY‡K GK g~jëvb Dc‡`k `vb K‡i‡Qb †h Zv ¯^Y©v¶‡i wjwLZ nIqvi †hvM¨ | wZwb e‡jb :

Ò†n Avgvi eÜzMY, GLb Avgvi GKwU †kl Dc‡`k evYx kªeY KiæY| AviI GKwU †Mvcb ZË¡ ejwQ| Zv DËgfv‡e ¯§iY ivL‡eb, wLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ Avcbv‡ì †h me ZK© Dcw¯’Z nq, Zv‡Z cvk¦© cwieZ©b Kiæb Ges wLªóvb‡ì Kv‡Q Zv cÖgvwYZ Kiæb †h, ev¯ÍweKB gmxn Be‡b gixqg wPi w`‡bi Rb¨ g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| GB GKwU gvÎ Z‡K© weRq jvf Ki‡j Avcbviv wLªóvb ag©‡K aiv c„ô †_‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcbv‡ì g~jëvb mgqI Acivci wel‡qi `xN© weZ‡K© bó Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| ïay gmxn Be‡b gixq‡gi g„Zzï Ici †Rvi w`b Ges wLªóvb‡ì‡K kw³kvjx hyw³i Øviv wbwe©Kvi K‡i w`b| hLb Avcbviv gmxni g„Z e¨w³‡ì AšÍf©~³

(1) ÔBhvjvq-AvInvg, wØZxq LÛ, 288 c„:|


nIqv cÖgvY Ki‡eb Ges wLªóvb‡ì ü`‡q Zv Aw¼Z K‡i w`‡eb, ZLb Rvb‡eb †h †mw`b †_‡K Lªxóag© c„w_ex †_‡K we`vq MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wbwðZ Rvb‡eb †h, †h ch©šÍ Zv‡ì †Lv`vi g„Z‚¨ nB‡e bv Zvnv‡ì ag©I gwi‡e bv| Ab¨ hveZxq ZK© Zv‡ì mv‡_ Abvek¨K | Zv‡ì a‡g©i GKwU gvÎ ¯Í¤¢ Ges Zv GB †h, GLb ch©šÍ Cmv Be‡b gixqg AvKv‡k RxweZ Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb| GB wfwË Pzigvi Kiæb| Zvici ZvwK‡q †`Lyb, wLªóvb ag© c„w_ex‡Z †Kv_vq? †h‡nZz †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB wfwË‡K P~Y©-weP~Y© Ki‡Z Ges BD‡ivc I Gwkqvq †ZŠwn‡ì mwgiY cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z Pvb, †m Rb¨ wZwb Avgv‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Avgv‡K we‡klfv‡e Bjnvg Øviv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, gmxn Be‡b gixq‡gi g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q| `„óvšÍ ¯’‡j , Zvi Bjnvg GB :

A_v©r ÒAvjøvni imyj gmxn Be‡b gixqg g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi i‡O iwOb n‡q Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Iqv`v Abyhvqx Zzwg G‡m‡Qv| Avjøvni Iqv`v c~Y© n‡eB n‡e| Zzwg Avgvi m‡½ AvQ, Zzwg D¾¡j m‡Zï Ici cÖwZwôZ| Zzwg wVK c‡_ AvQ, m‡Zï mnvqZvKvix|Õ1 nvq hw` Avgv‡ì Djvgv mv‡nevb GB ZË¡wU ü`q½g Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges GB wek¦vm -GB ag©gZ cÖPvi K‡i mnmª mnmª bq, j¶ j¶ †ZŠwn` ¯^xKviKvix‡K wLªóvb gZev` I wLªóvb †drbv †_‡K D×vi Ki‡Zb|

†n gymjgvb RvwZ, †Zvgiv KZ nZfvMv| †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ μzk m„ó †drbv Pyigvi Kivi Rb¨ Avjøvn-ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K h_vmg‡q GK Ava¨vwZ¥K †mbva¨¶ AvMgb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Bmjv‡gi gv_v DuPz& Ges wLªóvb gZev`¸‡jvi gv_v AebZ Kivi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì mvg‡b ivwk ivwk gnvkw³kvjx hyw&³ I cÖgvY cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †Zvgv‡ì Djvgviv Zey Zv‡ì †R‡ì Ici Kv‡qg i‡q‡Qb| Zviv gmx‡ni †``xc¨gvb g„Zzï †NvlYv K‡ibwb Ges GBfv‡e Zviv cÖKvivšÍ‡i wLªó c~Rvi mnvqZv K‡ib Ges gymjgvb‡ì wLªóvb gZev‡ì M‡Z© ‡V‡j †djvi Dcj¶ †nvb| Ôdv- Bbœv wjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDb|Õ

(1) ÔBhvjvq-AvInvg,Õ cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 561-62 c„:|


†n †Lv`v, †n nv`x, †n c_ cÖ`k©K| Zywg gymjvgvb RvwZ‡K Ávb `vI| Zviv †hb GLbI i¶v jvf K‡i Ges wLªóvb‡ì mvnvh¨ †_‡K nvZ ay‡q Bmjv‡gi mvnvh¨v‡_© `Ðvqgvb nq| Avgxb, Avjøvû¤§v Avwgb|

GLv‡b GK_v ejv AZ¨vek¨K †h, nhiZ AvK`vm ÔBhvjv‡q-AvInv‡gÕ KziAvb Kix‡gi wÎkwU AvqvZ w`‡q gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ cÖgvY K‡ib| GQvovI eû nvw`m Ges cÖej kv¯¿xq mg_©b I ‡hŠw³KZvi gva¨‡g Zv cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| Zvici, BwÄj cy¯ÍKvejx Ges BwZnvm †_‡KI A‡bK cwi¯‹vi cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb K‡i mywbwðZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ K‡i‡Qb †h, gmxn Be‡b gixqg Ab¨ cÖZ¨vw`ó‡ì gZ GB bk¦i RMZ †Q‡o wbtm‡›`‡n †e‡nk‡Z Mgb K‡i‡Qb, G‡Z m‡›`n †bB| wZwb GB Ro‡`‡n AvKv‡k Mgb K‡ibwb Ges cÖZ¨vMgbI Ki‡eb bv| Av‡¶c gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ , Zviv GLbI †mB cyivZb c‡_iB AbymiY Ki‡Q|

GB wel‡q GB me Djvgv Zv‡ì cigv`„Z †gŠwjK Dcv`vb, hvi Ici wfwË ¯’vcb c~e©K Zviv gmxn RxweZ _vKvi †mŠa wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv `ywU kã gvÎ wQjÑÔivdvÕI ÔbhyjÕ | G‡ì cÖK…Z ZË¡ nhiZ AvK`vm h_vwewnZ Dcv‡q ¯^”Q ùwU‡Ki gZ cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb| GLb Djvgv‡ì †mB KvíwbK †mŠa f~wg¯§vr n‡q‡Q|

ÔZvIqvdwdÕ k‡ãi A_© m¤^‡Ü P¨v‡jÄ I GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv :KziAvb Kixg Ges nvw`m mg~‡n ÔZvIqvddv, kã wePvi eyw×m¤úbœ cÖvYxi Rb¨ kZ kZ evi eïüZ n‡q‡Q| Djvgviv IB me ¯’v‡b me©ÎB Gi A_© ÔAvZ¥v MÖnYÕ Ges Ôg„Zz¨Õ A_©B K‡ib| wKš‘ hLb GB kã nhiZ gmx‡ni Rb¨ eëüZ nq, ZLb Gi A_© RxweZve¯’vq Ro-†`‡n AvKv‡k DwV‡q ‡bqv K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm GB kã wb‡q P¶z D‡b¥vPbKvix cig ÁvbMf© M‡elYvmn Djvgv‡ì cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Avnevb w`‡q‡Qb :

Òhw` †Kvb e¨w³ KziAvb Kixg †_‡K, A_ev im~jyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi nvw`m †_‡K, A_ev †ki I Kvwm`v- cÖvPxb ev bexb Aviwe c`¨ ev M`¨ †_‡K cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, †Kv_vI ÔZvIqvdwdÕ kã †Lv`v ZvAvjvi wμqv ¯îƒc AvZ¥v wewkó cÖvYxi Rb¨ eëüZ n‡q Zv AvZ¥v- MÖnYÕ (iæn Keh) Ges gyZz¨`vb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb A‡_©I M„nxZ n‡q‡Q A_©vr Ô‡`n MÖnY A‡_©I eëüZ n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡j Avwg Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyûi wè¨mn


mwZ¨Kvi agx©q A½xKvi KiwQ †h, Ggb e¨w³‡K Avgvi m¤úwËi wKQz Ask weμq K‡i nvRvi UvKv bM` wè Ges fwel¨‡Z Zvi nvw`m KziAv‡bi Ávb ¯^xKvi K‡i wbe|Ó1

ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕ wKZv‡e nhiZ AvK`vm Djvgv‡ì †h P¨v‡jÄ †`b, Zv 1891 mv‡j wjwLZ nq| AvR GB Abyev` Avgiv 1961 mv‡ji 18B gvP© KiwQ| (g~j cy¯Í‡K GB QÎ¸wj 22†k †g, 1959 mvj iwPZ nq) Ab¨ K_vq 70 eQi nj GB P¨v‡jÄ Kiv nq| Gch©šÍ we‡k¦i †Kvb Avie ev Abvie Av‡jg GB P¨v‡jÄwU MÖnYK‡i ûhy‡ii wm×v‡šÍi weiæ‡× GKwU `„óvšÍI Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ DjvgvMY ïay GB f‡q nhiZ Cmv AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi g„Zz¨ ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv †h, Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡j RbmgvR nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei gmxn gvID` (cÖwZkÖæwZ gmxn) nIqvi `vwe mn‡RB ¯^xKvi K‡i †dj‡e| GRb¨ Zviv nhiZ gmxn RxweZ _vKvi Ic‡iB †Rvi w`‡”Qb, hwÌ nhiZ AvK`vm cÖ`Ë gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ `wjj mg~n cÖPvwiZ nIqvi ci eû L¨vZbvgv Djvgv, hviv iIkb -‡Lqvj nIqv ekZt AwZ D”P¯’vbxq e‡j MY¨, Idv‡Z gmxn ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb| wb‡¤œ †k‡lv³ Djvgv‡ì K‡qKR‡bi bvg cÖ`Ë n‡jv :

†gŠjex Bbkv Avjøvn Lvu giûg Ñ m¤úv`K, ÔIZvbÕcÎ, jv‡nvi; †gŠjex mvbvDjøvn& Ag„Zmix; †gŠjbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`; †gŠjvbv †Mvjvg gyi‡k`Ñ LwZe kvnx gmwR`, jv‡nvi: Avjøvgv gynv¤§v&` Av`y wgmix,; Avjøvgv ˆmq` ikx` †ihv wgmix; Avjøvgv gvngy` wkjZzZ Ñ cÖ‡dmi Rv‡gqv Avhnvi, wgmi cÖf„wZ|

ÔBhvjv‡q AvInv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ M‡elYv :ÔBhvjv‡q AvInv‡gÕ ûhyi Ô`v¾vjÕ Ges BqvRyR gvRyRÕ m¤^‡ÜI P~ovšÍ mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h, Ô`v¾vjÕ Øviv wLªóvb wdrbv‡K eySvq Ges ÔBqvRyR I gvRyR nj ivwkqv I Bs‡iR| cÖwZkÖæZ gvn`xi †Kvb ¯^Zš¿ Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vK‡j nvw`‡mi †kªôZg `yB wKZve eyLvix I gymwj‡g wbðqB Zv ewY©Z nZ| `y&BRb †kªô Bgvg -nhiZ gynv¤§` BmgvCj eyLvix ingvZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n Ges nhiZ Bgvg gymwjg ingvZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n ÑZv‡ì mnxnØ‡q Bgvg gvn`x msμvšÍ †Kvb nvw`mB bv †jLv cwi¯‹viiƒ‡c GUvB wb‡`©k K‡i †h, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Hme nvw`m mnxn wQj bv| Aek¨ wZwb ÔBe‡b gvRvÕ Ges (1) ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvg , Õ bZzb ms¯‹iY, 375 c„:|


Ônv‡KgÕ ewY©Z GB nvw`m‡K ÔmnxnÕ wba©viY K‡i‡Qb †h,A_©vr Cmv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb gvn`x n‡eb bv|Õ1

nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bvIqv‡ei †NvlYv :jywaqvbvi gyevnvmvi Ab¨Zg we‡kl dj GB n‡qwQj †h, AviI eû m`vZ¥v e¨w³i †n`v‡qZ cvIqvi gZ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi k¦ïi gxi bv‡mi bvIqve mv‡ne Zvi m¤^‡Ü hveZxq Kz-aviYv †cvlY cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| nhiZ gmxn gvID` `vwe Kiv‡Z gxi mv‡n‡ei gb m‡›`nvwš^Z I boe‡o n‡q c‡owQj|

GLb wZwb GKwU †NvlYvcÎ Øviv Zvi c~e©-K…ZK‡g©i Aby‡kvPbv cÖKvk Ki‡jb Ges fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ ZIev K‡i wjL‡jb :

ÒAZ:ci, hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Avgvi †Kvb †jLv ev e³„Zv cÖKvk K‡i Ges ZvØviv jvfevb n‡Z Pvq, Z‡e Avwg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q gy³ _vKe| hw` KLbI Avwg wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kzrmv K‡i _vwK ev †Kvb eÜzi Kv‡Q Zvui m¤^‡Ü Ab¨vq wKQy e‡j _vwK, Zvn‡j Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ûhy‡i ¶gv wf¶v KiwQ|Ó2

nhiZ †gŠjex †Mvjvg bex mv‡ne †L‡kvex (ivwh.) Gi eqAvZ MÖnY :nhiZ †gŠjex †Mvjvg bex mv‡ne †Lvkvex GKRb gy&ËvKx I ci‡nRMvi e¨w³ nIqv QvovI GKRb eo Av‡jg wQ‡jb| GB mg‡q wZwb jywaqvbv AvMgb K‡ib| jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv ekZ: we‡ivwaZv Zzg~j AvKvi aviY K‡iwQj| jywaqvbvi Av‡jg mgv‡Ri †Zvo‡Rvo †`‡L wZwbI AwMœùzwj½ n‡q co‡jb| wZwb GKRb fvj Iqv‡qh wQ‡jb| Zvi Avng`xqvZ MÖnY cÖm‡&½ nhiZ mv‡neRv`v cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvbx ivwh Avjøvû Avbû wj‡L‡Qb :

Òhv †nvK, jywaqvbv kn‡i †gŠjex †Mvjvg bex mv‡n‡ei Lye mvov co‡jv| me©Î Zvi Áv‡bi MfxiZv welq wb‡q PP©v n‡Z jvM‡jv| †gŠjex †Mvjvg bex mv‡neI nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ×evw`Zvq wKQy evwK ivL‡jb bv| wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K Iqv‡R AvqvZ Ges nvw`‡mi ci nvw`m gmxn Avjvq‡nm mvjvg m¤^‡Ü cvV Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| †Lv`vi Kz`i‡Zi Rb¨ Kzievb nB! nhiZ Dgi ivwh Avjøvû Avbû Avu-&nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Imvjøvg‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z

(1) ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvg,Õ eo mvBR, 375 c„:|(2) ÔZejx‡M wimvjZ,Õ wØZxq LÛ, 8 c„:|


wM‡q wb‡RB cÖvY `vb K‡ib| AZ:ci wZwb Avjøvni R¡jšÍ wb`k©b n‡q co‡jb| wZwb Ôdviæ‡K AvhgÕ ev mZ¨ wg_¨vi †kªô cv_©K¨KvixÕ AvL¨vq f~wlZ n‡jb| Avjøvni cig wcÖqRb (mv.) Zuvi m¤^‡Ü e‡j‡Qb :

ÔkqZvb Dg‡ii Qvqv `k©‡b cjvqb K‡iÕ| ¯^qs Avjøvû ZvAvjv e‡j‡Qb, ivwh Avjøvû Avbûg I ivhy Avbyûg& Õ

ÔAvjøvn& Zvu‡ì cÖwZ mšÍó Ges Zuviv Avjøvni cÖwZ mš‘ó|Õ

GKw`b NUbvμ‡g nhiZ AvK`vm †h gnjøvq evm KiwQ‡jb †gŠjex ‡Mvjvg bex mv‡ne †m¯’v‡b IqvR K‡ib| nvRvi nvRvi e¨w³ mg‡eZ n‡qwQj| GB Iqv‡h wZwb Zvi mg¯Í ÁvbfvÛvi wb:‡kl K‡ib| †kªvZviv Zvui ¸YMÖvwnZv ekZ: abëv` m~PK D”P wbbv` KiwQ‡jb| Ôgvinvev Ômv‡jøAvjvÕ; aŸwb PZzw`©K gyLwiZ KiwQj| †gŠjex gynv¤§` nvmvb, †gŠjex mv‡n` Øxb, †gŠjex Ave`yj Avhxh, †gŠjex gynv¤§`, †gŠjex Ave`yjøvn Ges AviI `yÕ Pvi Rb †gŠjexÑhviv evB‡ii bvbv ¯’vb †_‡K †gŠjex †Mvjvg Avjx mv‡n‡ei Áv‡bi myL¨vwZ, cÖwZfv I †Lv`v-`Ë †hvM¨Zv `k©‡bi AvMÖ‡n AvMgb K‡ib, mevB Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| KviY, Zv we‡kl IqvR wQj| Ic‡i ewY©Z aŸwb Ges wPrKvi¸‡jv Avgv‡ì KY©‡MvPi nw”Qj| Avgiv Pvi cuvPRb †Mvc‡b e‡mwQjvg| Avgv‡ì †KvbB kw³ wQj bv| nhiZ AvK`vm A›ì gn‡j wQ‡jb Ges ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕ wKZve cÖYqb KiwQ‡jb| †gŠjex mv‡ne IqvR K‡i Ges weiæ×vPi‡Y cy‡ivcywi †Rvi w`‡q cÖ¯’vb KiwQ‡jb| m‡½ GK wecyj RbZv I †gŠjex mv‡neMY wQ‡jb| Gw`‡K nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg AšÍtcyi †_‡K ewne©vU cyiælvj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ evwni nIqv gvÎ †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vr nj| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg wb‡RB ÔAvm mvjvgy AvjvBKzg e‡j gymvdvnvi Õ Rb¨ nvZ cÖmvwiZ Ki‡jb| †gŠjex mv‡ne ÔIqvAvjvBKzgym- mvjvgÕ e‡j Kig`©b Ki‡jb| †Lv`v Rv‡bb, GB gymvdvnv‡Z wK ê`y¨wZK kw³ wQj| G‡Z †Kvb AvKl©Yxq kw³ wQj ! G‡Z †Kgb Ava¨vwZ¥K AvKl©Y wQj! ÔBqv`yjøvn, Z_v ÔAvjøvni nv‡ZÕ nvZ †`qv gvÎ †gŠjex mv‡ne Ggb AvZ¥nviv n‡jb †h, †KvbB evK¨ D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| †mvRv nvZ nv‡Z w`‡q nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjv‡gi mv‡_ cyiæl êVKLvbvq AvMgb Ki‡jb Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mvg‡b nvuUz †c‡Z `yÕRvby n‡q em‡jb| evB‡i †gŠjex I IqvR †kªvZvMY Avðvh©vwš^Z n‡q


nhiZ AvK`vm : wbb, GB †Zv KziAvb kixd| GB e‡j wZwb KziAvb kix‡di `yB ¯’v‡b KvM‡Ri wbkvb K‡i †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei nv‡Z mgc©Y Ki‡jb| GKwU ¯’vb wQj Ômyiv Av‡j BgivbÕ Z…Zxq cvivi Z…Zxqvs‡k| wØZxq ¯’vbwU wQj Ômyivn& gv‡q`viÕ †kl iæKz, mßg cviv| cÖ_g ¯’v‡b wQj,

Ô†n Cmv wbðqB Avwg †Zvgv‡K g„Zz¨ wèÕ wØZxq ¯’v‡b wQj :

ÔhLb Zywg Avgv‡K g„Zz¨ w`‡j, Zzwg Zv‡ì ch©‡e¶K wQ‡jÕ| †gŠjex mv‡ne Dfq ¯’v‡b Dfq AvqvZ `k©‡b AevK n‡jb| Zvici ej‡jb,

ÔZv‡ì cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdj wèÕ evKÏ †Zv KziAvb kix‡d Av‡Q| Gi A_© wK?

nhiZ AvK`vm : Avwg †h me AvqvZ Dcw¯’Z K‡iwQ IB meB GK A_© Ges Avcwb †h AvqvZ †ck K‡i‡Qb Zvi-B Ab¨ A_©| K_v nj, G¸‡jvi GK ÔeveÕ Ges Zvi Ab¨ ÔeveÕ| GKUz wPšÍv Kiæb| fveyb|

†gŠjex mv‡ne : `yB Pvi wgwbU g‡bvwb‡ek Kievi ci ej‡jb: ¶gv Kiæb| AvgviB fyj| Avcwb hv e‡j‡Qb, Zv mZ¨| KziAvb kixd Avcbvi mv‡_ Av‡Q|

nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg ej‡jb : KziAvb gRx` Avgvi m‡½ Av‡Q| Avcwb Kvi m‡½ Av‡Qb? †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kvbœv G‡m †M‡jv| AkÖæcvZ n‡Z jvM‡jv| †Rv‡i Kvu`‡Z jvM‡jb| wb‡e`b Ki‡jb: GB Acivax, ¸Yvn&MviI ûhy‡ii m‡½| AZ:ci †gŠjex mv‡ne †KejB μ›`b KiwQ‡jb Ges AZ¨šÍ Av`‡ei mv‡_ e‡m _vK‡jb|

ÒhLb †`wi n‡Z jvMj, ZLb †jv‡Kiv dwiqv` ïiæ Kij Ges Ô‡gŠjex mv‡ne Zv‡ì †Kvb K_viB Reve w`‡jb bv| hLb A‡bK¶Y n‡q †M‡jv, ZLb Zviv AwaK wPrKvi ïiæ Kij| †gŠjex mv‡ne e‡j cvVv‡jb, †Zvgiv hvI, Avwg mZ¨ †`‡LwQ, mZ¨ ‡c‡qwQ| GLb †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ Avgvi wKQy Kivi †bB| hw` †Zvgiv PvI, Ges †Zvgv‡ì Cgvb mvjvgZ ivLvi B”Qv _v‡K, Z‡e Avm, AbyZvc Ki| †Lv`vi Kv‡Q cwi¯‹vi nI Ges GB Bgvg‡K MÖnY Ki| Avwg GB mZ¨ Bgvg †_‡K wKfv‡e wew”Qbœ n‡Z cvwi? Bwb Avjøvni cÖwZkÖæZ Ges Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû Av&jvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÖwZkÖæZ e¨w³| Zuv‡K AvuÑnhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg ÔmvjvgÕ


cvwV‡q‡Qb| †mB nvw`mwU GB :

Ô†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †h e¨w³ Cmv Be‡b gixq‡gi mv¶vZ jvf K‡i, †m †hb Avgvi c¶ †_‡K Zuv‡K mvjvg †`q|Õ

Ò†gŠjex mv‡ne GB nvw`m cv‡Vi ci nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡jb Ges Zvi mvg‡b GB nvw`m Avevi D”P:¯^‡i cvV K‡i wb‡e`b Ki‡jb : Avwg GLb Avu nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi Av‡`k Abymv‡i Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi ÔmvjvgÕ Rvbvw”Q Ges AvwgI Avgvi c¶ †_‡K mvjvg †cÖiK †h ch©v‡qi ÔmvjvgÕ e‡j‡Qb I huv‡K ch©v‡q ejv n‡q‡Q ÔmvjvgÕ ejwQ| nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvq‡nm mvjvg ZLb GK cÖKvi Avðh©RbK K‡Ú ÔI-AvjvBKzgym mvjvgÕ ej‡jb| ü`q Zv kªe‡Yi ¶gZv †cj bv! †gŠjex mv‡ne R‡en Kiv †gvi‡Mi gZ QUdU Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| ZLb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Pnviv gyeviKI wfbœ iƒc aviY Kij| Avwg Zv fvlvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Dcw¯’Z †kªvZvM‡YiI GK Avðh© myLgq Ae¯’v nj| AZ:ci, †gŠjex mv‡ne ej‡jb: AvDwjqv †Kivg Ges D¤§‡Zi DjvgvMYI mvjvg cvwV‡q‡Qb Ges Guiv A‡c¶vq †_‡K Bnavg cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb| AvR Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi wjLb I cÖwZkÖæwZ c~Y© n‡q‡Q| GB †Mvjvg bex Zv‡K wKfv‡e Z¨vM Ki‡e? Bwb gmxn gvID`! BwbB Bgvg gvn&`x gvID`| BwbB †mB , BwbB †mB| gykxq gmxn Be‡b gixqg h_vmg‡q g„Zz¨jvf K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g„ZyëiY K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb m‡›`n †bB, g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Avi Avm‡eb bv| whwb Avmvi wQ‡jb, wZwb G‡m‡Qb| †Zvgiv G‡mv| Avgvi gZ Zuvi gyeviK K`‡g cwZZ nI, †hb bvRvZ cvI| Avjøvn ZvAvjv †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ mš‘ó Ges imyj †Zvgv‡ì †`‡L Avbw›`Z †nvb|

Ò†gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB evZ©v hLb ìRvi evB‡i †cŠuQv‡jv , ZLb A‡c¶gvY †gŠjex †gvjøv, wewkó †jvK, mvaviY †jvK, meviB gyL †_‡K ÔKv‡diÕ, ÔKv‡diÕ, ÔKv‡diÕÑD”P Kjie kÖæZ nj| ARmª Mvwj el©Y n‡Z jvMj| RbZv QÎf½ nj& mevB fvj g›` eK‡Z eK‡Z wewfbœ Mvwj w`‡q P‡j †Mj| †kvbv hvw”Qj Ôwghv© hv`yKi, Zvi Pi †Mvjvg bexÓ1

(1) ÔZvhwKivZzj gvn&`xÕ n‡Z D×„wZ, Ônvqv‡Z -Avn&g`Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 137-139 c„:|


w`jøxi mdi, 1891 mv‡ji 28 †m‡Þ¤î :1891 mv‡ji 28 †m‡Þ¤î wKQz wkl¨mn ûhyi fviZe‡l©i †K›`ªxq kni w`jøx bMix‡Z hvÎv K‡ib| w`jøx ZLb Bmjvgx wk¶v `x¶viI cÖavb †K›`ª wQj| ûhyi bIqve †jvnviæi KzwV‡Z wM‡q Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj w`jøx‡Z Zvi `vwei cÖPvi n‡j mgMÖ fviZe‡l© Zvi cqMvg †cŠuQv‡e| μgvš^‡q wZbwU Bk‡Znvi w`jøxi Djvgv‡ì bv‡g, we‡kl K‡i ‡gŠjex ˆmq` bvwRi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei bv‡g cÖKvk K‡ib whwb Ò†kLyj KzjÓ e‡j AwfwnZ n‡Zb| Òmg¯Í myax gymjgvb I fw³fvRb Djvgv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GK webxZ cÖevmxi wb‡e`bÓ wk‡ivbv‡g ûhyi 1891 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei, cÖ_g Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib| GB Bk‡Znv‡i nhiZ AvK`vm Zvi AvKv‡q` (ag© wek¦vm) eY©bvi ci †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwRi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Ges †gŠjex Avey gynv¤§` Ave`yj nK mv‡ne‡K gmx‡ni Rxeb I g„Zz¨ m¤ú‡K© gyevnvmvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì wjL‡jb, GB gyevnvmvi Rb¨ wZbwU kZ© cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e :

(1) kvwšÍ i¶vi eë¯’v Zuviv Ki‡eb| A_©vr, GKRb Bs‡iR Awdmvi evnv‡mi mfvq Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb|

(2) GB evnvm wjwLZfv‡e n‡e| cÖkœ I DËi evnv‡mi mfvq wjL‡Z n‡e|

(3) evnvm gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ I Rxeb m¤^‡Ü n‡e Ges KziAvb I nvw`‡mi evB‡i †KD †h‡Z cvi‡e bv|

Zvici AvK`vm GUvI wj‡LwQ‡jb, †h, wZwb njdc~e©K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Qb hw` evnv‡m Zvui åvšÍ e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq, Z‡e wZwb Zuvi (gmxn, gvID` nIqvi) `vwe wb‡RB cwiZ¨vM Ki‡eb Ges GB Bk&‡Znvi cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci GK mßvn ch©šÍ DwjøwLZ †gŠjex mv‡ne‡ì h_v DË‡ii Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡eb|

GB Bk&‡Znvi cÖPvwiZ nIqvi ci †gŠjex Avey gynv¤§` Ave`yj nK nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q ¶gv †P‡q ej‡jb, ÒAvwg GKRb Ô‡Mvlv- bkxbÕ wbf„ZPvix e¨w³| GB ai‡bi mfvq Dcw¯’Z n‡Z Avwg A¯^w¯Í‡eva Kwi|Ó †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡neI ZLb w`jøx‡Z †cŠu‡QwQ‡jb| wZwb nhi‡Zi Bk‡Znv‡ii weiæ‡× GKwU Bk&‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb Ges nhiZ AvK`vm m¤^‡Ü wjL‡jb :

ÒG †Zv Avgvi wkKvi| `yfv©M¨μ‡g Avevi w`jøx‡Z Avgvi nv‡Z c‡o‡Q| Avwg fvMëvb| cjvZK wkKvi Avwg Avevi cÖvß njvg|Ó


wZwb LyeB D‡ËRbvi ewý D`&MxiY Ki‡jb| GRb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mv‡ji 6B A‡±vei Avevi GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb| Gi wk‡ivbvg wQj ÒAvn‡j-nvw`m m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖavb †bZv †gŠjex ˆmq` bwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei †gvKv‡ejvq Bk‡Znvi|Ó nhiZ AvK`vm GB Bk‡Znv‡i †gŠjex ˆmq` bwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Ges ˆmq` gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex Efq‡KB m‡¤^vab K‡i wjL‡jb :

Òhw` GB `yÕRb †gŠjex mv‡ne nhiZ gmxn Be‡b gixqg‡K RxweZ ejv m‡Z¨i mg_©b g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avgvi m‡_ 1891 mv‡ji 2 A‡±ve‡ii Bk‡Znv‡i ewY©Z kZ©vejx Abyhvqx hy³-m¤§wZμ‡g evnvm Kiæb|Ó

eis Pig wggvsmv‡_© kZ© wkw_jc~e©K GUvI wjL‡jb, Ò†gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi û‡mb mv‡ne †Kvb Bs‡iR Awdmvi‡K evnv‡mi mfv¯’‡j wbhy³ Kiv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i hw` Amg_© nb, Zvn‡j GB Ae¯’vq Bk‡Znvi Øviv njdc~e©K wZwb ¯^xKvi Kiæb †h wZwb wb‡RB kvwšÍ i¶vi Rb¨ `vqx _vwK‡eb Ges hw` mfv¯’‡j Dcw¯’Z RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †KD mf¨Zv I fvlvi køxjZv weiæ× †Kvb K_v D”PviY K‡i, Z‡e wZwb Zv‡K Zr¶Yvr mfv †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡eb| Ggb Ae¯’vqI †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei gmwR‡` evnv‡mi Rb¨ Avgiv Dcw¯’Z n‡Z cvwi|

GB wØZxq Bk‡Znvi cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci ‡gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei mvMwi`iv wb‡R wb‡RB GKUv ZvwiL avh© K‡i GB Bk‡Znvi cÖPvi Kij †h, AgyK Zvwi‡L wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ evnvm n‡e| wKš‘ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ h_vmg‡qi Av‡M †KvbB wggvsmv bv K‡i wVK Rjmvi mg‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q GK e¨w³‡K cvVvj| †m G‡m ejj, Òevnv‡mi Rb¨ Pjyb| †gŠjex bvwRi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne gyevnvmvi Rb¨ Avcbvi A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb| Aci w`‡K GKwU D‡ËwRZ RbZv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi M„n Ae‡iva Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm cÖ¯‘Z nIqv m‡Ë¡I †ei n‡Z cvi‡jb bv| G‡Z Rbmgv‡R †NvlYv Kiv nj †h, wghv© mv‡ne †kLyj-Kzj‡K fq †c‡q‡Qb|

G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mv‡ji 17B A‡±vei GKwU Z…Zxq Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb| Gi wk‡ivbv‡g wjwLZ n‡qwQj, ÒAvjøvn& Rvjøv kvbyûi Kmg w`‡q †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei †L`g‡Z gmxn Be‡b gixq‡gi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ m¤ú‡K© evnv‡mi Av‡e`b|Ó GB Bk‡Znv‡i †h mfvq wZwb


†h‡Z cv‡ibwb, †m cÖm‡½ wjL‡jb :

ÒGK c¶xq mfvq †hvM`vb Kiv hwÌ Avgvi KZ©e¨ wQj bv, KviY Avgvi m¤§wZμ‡g IB mfv w¯’i Kiv nqwb Ges Avgvi c¶ †_‡K †Kvb wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L Dcw¯’Z nIqvi †Kvb A½xKviI wQj bv, Z_vwc Avwg Dcw¯’Z nIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nB| wKš‘ Rbmvavi‡Yi AZwK©Z `yó AvμgY Øviv IB w`b Avgv‡K mfvq †hvM`vb Kivi c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| kZ kZ e¨w³ GK_vi mv¶x Av‡Qb †h, †mB mfvq wbav©wiZ mg‡q `yó †jv‡Ki GK w¶ß RbZv Avgvi M„‡ni Pvwiw`‡K wfo K‡iwQj| Avwg Zv‡ì wnsmª Ae¯’v †`‡L Ici Zjvi A›ì gn‡j P‡j †Mjvg| Zviv †m w`‡KI †Mj Ges M„‡ni KcvU †f‡½ †djvi †Póv Ki‡jv| Ggb wK, †Kvb ‡Kvb e¨w³ A›ì gn‡j cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv| GK weivU RbZv wb‡Pi Mwj‡Z `vuwo‡q iBj| Zviv MvjvMvwj KiwQj| fxlY D‡ËRbvi e‡k Zviv †bvsiv fvlvi we‡lv`wMiY KiwQj| eo gykwK‡ji mv‡_ †Lv`v ZvAvjvi AbyMÖ‡n I K…cvq Zv‡ì nvZ †_‡K gyw³ cvB|Ó AZ:ci ûhyi e‡jb :

ÒmyZivs, GKw`‡K RbmvaviY‡K åvšÍ K‡i, Zv‡ì‡K D‡ËRbvgq e³„Zv ïwb‡q Avgvi evwoi PZz©w`‡K †NivI Kiv‡bv nq| Ab¨ w`‡K, Avgv‡K evnv‡mi Rb¨ WvKv nq Ges ewY©Z evavi Kvi‡Y Avwg ‡h‡Z bv cvivq †kvi Kiv nj †h, Avwg cvwj‡qwQ|

ÒGLb Avwg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi K…cvq Avgvi †ndvR‡Zi eë¯’v K‡iwQ Ges evnv‡mi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z| md‡ii Kó ¯^xKvi Ges w`jøxevmxi cÖvZ¨wnK MvwjMvjvR, Dcnvm I we`ªƒc mn¨c~e©K ïay Avcbvi mv‡_ evnvm Kivi Rb¨, †n †kLyj-Kzj mv‡ne, Avwg Dcweó AvwQ| nhiZ evnv‡mi Rb¨ Avmyb| Avwg evnv‡mi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z| Avevi, Avcbv‡K Avjøvn& Rvjøv kvbyûi Kmg w`‡q evnv‡mi Rb¨ Avnevb KiwQ| Avcwb †hLv‡b Pvb, Dcw¯’Z ne| wKš‘ evnvm wjwLZfv‡e n‡e| Ó

Ae‡k‡l, ûhyi GUvI wjL‡jb :Òhw` Avcwb †Kvb cÖKv‡iB evnvm Ki‡Z bv Pvb Z‡e GKwU mfvq gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü Avgvi mKj hyw³ ï‡b wZbevi Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyûi kc_ K‡i e‡j w`b †h, GB me `wjj wVK bq Ges mwVK I mywbwðZ welq GUvB †h, nhiZ gmxn Be‡b gixqg RxweZ Ae¯’vq †fŠwZK †`nmn AvKv‡ki w`‡K D‡ËvwjZ n‡q‡Qb-KziAv‡bi AvqvZ ¸‡jvi ¯úó Dw³ I imyj (mv.) †_‡K wbtm‡›`‡n cÖvß gidz mnxn nvw`m¸‡jv †_‡K Gi cwi¯‹vi mv¶¨ cvIqv hvq


Ges GUvB Avcbvi ag©-wek¦vm e‡U, Z‡e Avwg Avcbvi GB J×Z¨, mZ¨ †Mvcb, AmZZv I wg_¨v mv‡¶ï wggvsmvi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ûhy‡i mKvZ‡i Kuv`‡ev| Avgvi a¨v‡bi d‡j Avgv‡K Av‡`k †`qv n‡q‡Q, (ÔAvgvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki, Avwg Keyj Ki‡ev,) Ges Avgv‡K wbwðZfv‡e cÖZ¨q Kivb n‡q‡Q †h Avcwb hw` ÔZvKIqviÕ c_ cwiZ¨vM K‡i GB cÖKvi Ab¨vqvPiY I AvqvZ (†h wel‡q †Zvgvi ÔÁvb bvB, Zvi AbyewZ©Zv Ki bv) D‡c¶v K‡ib, Zv n‡j GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Ab¨vqvPi‡Yi d‡j Avcbvi Ici Ggb †``xc¨gvb cÖwZwμqv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e ‡h, Ab¨‡ì Rb¨ Zv wb`k©b ¯îƒc n‡e| myZivs †NvlYv KiwQ, evnvm Ki‡Z civ¤§yL n‡j Gfv‡eB wggvsmv Kiæb, hv‡Z IB me e¨w³ hviv Ôwb`k©bÕ Ôwb`k©bÕ e‡j †eovq Zv‡ì‡K †Lv`v ZvAvjv wb`k©b †`Lvb|

(ÔGes wZwb me©kw³gvb Ges Avgv‡ì †kl cÖv_©bv wek¦ cÖwZcvjK AvjøvniB hveZxq cÖksmvÕ)|

KziAvb I nvw`m †_‡K Cmv gmx‡ni RxweZ _vKv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv :GB Bk‡Znv‡i GUvI †jLv n‡qwQj :ÒAe‡k‡l, †gŠjex ‰mq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q GUvI cÖKvk _v‡K †h, hw` wZwb nhiZ gmxn Be‡b gixqg Ro †`‡ni mv‡_ RxweZ AvKv‡k D‡ËvwjZ nIqvi m¤^‡Ü Zvi AvwK`vi mg_©‡b AKvU¨ cÖgvY, ¯úó AvqvZ ÔGes ÔgidzÕ, ÔgyËvmvj,Õ Ômnxn,Õ nvw`m gyevnvmvi mfvq Dcw¯’Z K‡ib Ges †Kvb welq‡K ÔAvwK`vÕ (ag©-wek¦vm) wbav©i‡Yi Rb¨ †hgb AZ¨vek¨K †Zgwb gmxn Be‡b gixq‡gi ˆ`wnK cybivMgb m¤^‡Ü wbwðZ I AKvU¨ cÖgvY cÖKvk¨ mfvq Zvi cweÎ gy‡L eY©bv K‡ib, Zv n‡j Avwg Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyûi Kmg K‡i agx©q A½xKvi KiwQ †h, cÖ‡Z¨K AvqvZ I cÖ‡Z¨K nvw`‡mi Rb¨ Zv‡K cuwPk UvKv K‡i bRivbv wè|Ó1

1891 mv‡ji 20 A‡±ve‡ii gyevnvmv mfvi msw¶ß Kvh©weeiYx :hwÌ nhiZ AvK`vm DwjøwLZ Bk‡Znvi¸‡jv Øviv G wel‡qi Ici †kl mxgvbvi †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb †gŠjex bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Zvi mv‡_ nhiZ (1) 1891 mv‡ji 17B A‡±ve‡ii Bk&‡Znvi n‡Z D×„Z|


gmxn AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü wjwLZfv‡e gyevnvmv Kiæb Ges w`jøxi AwaevmxMYI HKvwšÍKfv‡e GB AvMÖnB †cvlY KiwQ‡jb, Zey †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne gmx‡ni Rxeb I g„Zzï `wjj eY©bv Ki‡j †gŠjex mv‡ne njdc~e©K †NvlYv Ki‡eb GB me hyw³ cÖgvY (ev `wjj) KziAvb Kix‡gi AvqvZ I mnxn nvw`m ¸‡jvi w`K †_‡K wVK bq| ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU cÎ nhiZ gybwk mv‡ne Kcyi_jex Ges nhiZ Luv gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne Kcyi_jex‡K w`‡q †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib| G m¤ú‡K© nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avng` e‡jb :

ÒGB c‡Î ûhyi wj‡L‡Qb, AvMvgxKvj wZwb Rv‡g gmwR‡` Dcw¯’Z n‡eb| hw` †gŠjex mv‡ne bv Av‡mb, Z‡e †Lv`vi jvbr n‡e| hLb Avwg GB cÎ wb‡q †cŠuQvjvg, ZLb †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÔAvcbviv evB‡i wM‡q †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjexi Kv‡Q emyb| wPwVUv Zv‡K w`b! Avwg AvmwQ|Õ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb wPwVwU Lyj‡jb| Zvici, ‡gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡neI Avm‡jb| wZwb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb wPwV‡Z wK †jLv Av‡Q? †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb ej‡jb, ÔAvwg ïbv‡Z cvi‡ev bv& Avcbv‡K A‡bK Mvwj †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZLb w`jøxi GK m¤£všÍ e¨w³I †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, Ôc‡Î †Zv †Kvb Mvwj bvBÕ| †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Zvu‡K ej‡jb, AvcwbI wK wgh©vqx n‡q‡Qb? wZwb Pzc iB‡jb| Avwg †gŠjex ‰mq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne‡K ejjvg, ÔDËi hv †`qvi †`bÕ| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb ej‡jb, ÔAvgiv †Kvb DËi †è bv| †Zvgiv P‡j hvI| †Zvgiv cÎevnK gvÎ| †Zvgiv cÎ †cŠuwQ‡q w`‡q‡Qv|Õ Avwg ejjvg, ÔAvwg DËi wb‡q hv‡evÕ| Zvici, †jv‡Kiv ejj, Ôhv‡b †`vÕ| e¯‘Z:, Zviv †Kvb DËi †`bwb| Avgiv wd‡i G‡m mg¯Í e¨vcvi nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q e¨³ Kijvg| ciw`b Avgiv mevB Rv‡g gmwR‡` †Mjvg| nhiZ mv‡n‡ei m‡½ Avgiv ÔeviRbÕ1 wQjvg| Avgiv wM‡q Rv‡g gmwR‡ì †fZ‡i gaëZx© ìRvq emjvg|2

(1) Zv‡ì K‡qK R‡bi bvg GB: 1) gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne, 2) †kL ingZzjøvn mv‡ne, 3) gybwk Av‡ivov Lvb mv‡ne, 4)

nv‡dR nv‡g` Avjx mv‡ne, 5) †gŠjex Ave`yj Kwig mv‡ne, 6) gynv¤§` mvwq` mv‡ne (Bwb gxi bv‡mi bvIqve m‡n‡ei åvZz¯úyÎ wQ‡jb, 7) gybwk Rvdi Avn‡g` m‡ne, GB †iIqvZ eY©bvKvix| eY©bvKvix e‡jb †h, g‡b c‡o 8) ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx mv‡ne Ges 9) ‰mq` LvwmqZ Avjx mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvwUI wQ‡jb|

(2) ÔAvm&nv‡e- Avn&g`Õ, PZz_© LÐ, 128-129c „:|


cieZx© NUbv nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvbxi gy‡L ïbyb :

ÒBwZg‡a¨ †gŠjex bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Ges Zvui mv‡_ gynv¤§` †nv‡mb Ges †gŠjex Avãyj gRx` mv‡ne cÖgyL DjvgvMY Dcw¯’Z n‡jb Ges †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne‡K GKwU c„_K `vjv‡b wb‡q emv‡jb| nhiZ mv‡n‡ei m¤§y‡L Avbv nj bv| Zvici, Avm‡ii bvgvh nj| Dcw¯’Z e¨w³iv PvB‡jb Avgiv bvgv‡h †hvM`vb Kwi| †KD ej‡jv, ÔAvmyb, bvgvh co–b| †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne ej‡jb Avgiv bvgvh ÔRgv cvVÕ (GK‡Î cvV) K‡i G‡mwQ| bvgvh †kl nIqv gvÎ †gŠjexiv †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb‡K †NivI K‡i Avevi `vjv‡bi DËi w`‡Ki ìRvi Kv‡Q wb‡q emv‡jb| †gŠjex Ave`yj gRxÌ K‡qKRb †gŠjex G‡m cywjk Awdmv‡ii mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z jvM‡jb| Gw`‡K (gybwk) †Mvjvg Kv‡ì (mv‡ne dmxn&) A‡bK ÔmIqvj ReveÕ Ki‡jb Ges hv ejv cÖ‡qvRb wQj ej‡jb| †gŠjex Ave`yj gRx` mv‡ne cywjk Awdmvi‡K ej‡jb, ÔGB e¨w³ cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn nIqvi `vwe K‡i| Avgiv I Avcbviv fyj c‡_ AvwQ e‡j g‡b K‡i| nhiZ gmxn Be‡b gixqg‡K Avgiv I Avcbviv Df‡qB AvKv‡k RxweZ Av‡Q e‡j wek¦vm Kwi| G g‡b K‡i wZwb g„Z e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb gvÎ| e‡j †h, gmx‡ni Rxeb I g„Zzï welq wb‡q †gŠjex bvhxi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne Avjvc Kiæb| Avgiv ewj, ïaygvÎ Zvui Ôgmxn gvID`Õ nIqvi `vwe m¤^‡Ü weZK© †nvK| †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne dwmn& A‡bK K_vi g‡a¨ cywjk Awdmvi‡K ej‡jb, Ô†`Lyb, ûhyi! c` Lvwj bv nIqv ch©šÍ †KD IB c‡ì cÖvwßi †hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖ_‡g gmxnÕi Rxeb I g„Zzï m¤^‡Ü K_veZ©v †nvK| c‡i Zvi gmxn nIqv m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv n‡e| GLb †Zv Giv gmxn‡K RxweZ g‡b K‡ib| hw` gmxn RxweZ _vKv cÖgvwYZ nq, Z‡e Zvui gmxn gvID` `vwe m¤^‡Ü K_vevZ©v ejv wb®cÖ‡qvRb| GB `vwe Avcbv AvcwbB cÐ n‡q hv‡e| hw` gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq, Z‡e Zvi gmxn gvID` (cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn) nIqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv Riæwi n‡Z cv‡i| cywjk Awdmvi ej‡jb, ÔwbðqB, GUv wVK K_v| †Zvgiv †Kb GB wel‡q weZK© Ki bv? †mB Awdmvi †Zv GB wel‡qi Dci †Rvi w`‡jb| Zvici, ÔKmgÕ m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv nj| Zviv GB e¨vcv‡iI A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡jb| Ges ej‡jb, Ô†gŠjex mv‡ne e„× n‡q‡Qb| `ye©j| A‡bK eqm n‡q‡Q| AvgivI ÔKmgÕ Kie bv Ges †gŠjex mv‡ne‡K I ÔKmgÕ Kievi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡Z †è bv|Õ1

(1) ÔZvhwKivZzj-gvn&`xÕ 348-350 c„:|


ûhyi e‡jb, ÒGB mfvq NUbvμ‡g AvjxM‡oi A‰eZwbK g¨vwR‡óªU LvRv gynv¤§` BDmyd mv‡neI Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wZwb cÖwZc‡¶i Ah_v IRi AvcwË ï‡b Avgv‡K ej‡jb, ÔGwK mZ¨ K_v ‡h, Avcwb Avn‡j mybœvr-Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi ag© g‡Zi weiæ×vPiY K‡i ÔjvqjvZzj-Kì,Õ Ôgy‡RhvÕ gvjv‡qKvÕ Ges Ô‡givRÕ cÖf„wZ A¯xKvi K‡ib Ges beyI‡Zi `vwe K‡ib?Õ Avwg ejjvg :

Gme K_vB Avgvi Ici wg_¨v Av‡ivc gvÎ| Gme wel‡qB Avwg cÖZ¨q ivwL| Gme e¨w³iv Avgvi wKZve¸‡jv D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z cv‡iwb Ges fyj eySvi d‡j Avgv‡K Avn&‡j-mybœ‡Zi AvKv‡q` A¯^xKviKvix e‡j g‡b K‡i|Ó

hLb wZwb ej‡jb, Av”Qv, cªK…ZB hw` GB e¨vcvi, Z‡e Avgv‡K GKwU KvM‡R Zv wj‡L w`b| Avwg Zv mycvwib&‡Ub&‡WÈ Ae& cywjk Ges Rb mvaviY‡K cvV K‡i ïbve Ges Gi GK Kwc AvjxM‡oI wb‡q hve Avwg| ZLb we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Gm¤^‡Ü GKwU KvM‡R wj‡L w`jvg| †bvU ¯îƒc Zv wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë nj|2 LvRv mv‡ne Zv Av‡`¨vcvšÍ wmwU cywjk mycvwib&‡Ub&‡WÈ mv‡ne‡K D”P K‡É cvV K‡i ïbv‡jb Ges wbK‡U †h mg¯Í MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³iv wQ‡jb, ZuvivI ïb‡Z †c‡jb|

AZ:ci LvRv gynv¤§` BDmyd mv‡ne GK_vi Ici †Rvi w`‡jb †h cÖK…Zc‡¶ GBme ag©-wek¦v‡m †Kvb gZwe‡iva †bB| Dfq c‡¶B G¸‡jv ¯^xKvi K‡ib| myZivs G¸‡jv m¤^‡Ü evnv‡mi †KvbB cª‡qvRb †bB| Dfqc¶ †h wel‡q gZ-we‡iva K‡ib, ZvB ïay Z‡K©i welq| A_©vr gwmni RxweZ _vKv ev g„Zy¨ nIqvi wggvsmv n‡j mg¯Í †Mvj‡hvM Py‡K hvq| gwm‡ni RxweZ _vKv cÖgvwYZ n‡j cªwZkÖæZ gmxn& nIqvi `vexI Avcbv AvcwbB †jvc cvq| evi evi GB Aa‡gi bvg wb‡q GUvI ej‡jb,ÔwZwb wb‡RB A½xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, KziAvb I nvw`‡mi ¯úó hyw³ Øviv gmxn RxweZ _vKv cÖgvwYZ n‡j wZwb gmxn gvID` nIqvi `vwe Z¨vM Ki‡eb|Ó

nhiZ AvK`vm Av‡iv wj‡L‡Qb :ÒhwÌ LvRv mv‡ne G wel‡qi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z jvM‡jb †h, cÖwZc¶ †R`, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wjwLZ wee„wZ :

Òwem&wgjøvwni ivngvwbi ivwng-bvngv yû Iqv bymvwjø Avjv imywjwnj Kvwig| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, gZv‰b‡Kï welq, hvi m¤‡Ü Avwg evnvm Ki‡Z PvB Zv ïay GBUzKz †h, gmxn& Be&‡b gwiqg AvjvB‡n&m mvjvg RxweZ mkix‡i AvKv‡k D‡ËvwjZ nIqvi `vwe Avgvi g‡Z cÖgvwYZ K_v bq| (Pjgvb)


nVKvwiZv I GK‡PvLvwg †Q‡o gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ m¤úwK©Z welq wb‡q evnvm Kiæb, wKš‘ Zvi mKj hveZxq cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nj| evnv‡mi w`‡K Avmv †kLyj Kzj mv‡n‡ei Rb¨ g„Zzër wQj| wZwb Zv cwi¯‹vi A¯^xKvi Ki‡jb| Dcw¯’Z †kªvZv‡ì gb †f‡½ †Mj| Avwg ï‡bwQ, GK e¨w³ Mfxi `y:†Li mv‡_ ejwQ‡jb †h, AvR †kLyj Kyj w`jøxi m¤§vb webó Ki‡jb| w`jøx evmxi g¯ÍK j¾vq a~jvq jywÉZ nj| †KD †KD ejwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì GB †gŠjex m‡Zï c‡¶ _vK‡j wbðqB evnvm Ki‡Zb|Ó

nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mv‡ne Kcyi_jvwbevwm :ÒGw`‡K GB me K_vevZ©v PjwQj| Aciw`‡K RbZvi Am‡šÍvl I we‡¶vf †e‡oB Pj‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ Bs‡iR cywjk K¨v‡Þb nhiZ AvK`vm‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Avcbvi GLv‡b Avmvi D‡Ïk¨ wK? †kL ivn&gZzjøvn mv‡ne Zv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z DËi Ki‡jb †h, nhiZ AvK`vm wgh©v mv‡ne gmxni g„Zzï cÖgvY eY©bv Ki‡eb Ges †gŠjex bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne njdc~e©K ej‡eb

KziAvb I nvw`‡mi ¯úó Dw³ ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ¯úó cÖgvYKvix I AKvU¨ hyw³ m¤úbœ †Kvb GKwU AvqvZI †bB Ges mnxn,gyËvmvj& I gidz †Kvb GKwU nvw`mI cvIqv hvq bv, hv Øviv gmxn& AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi RxweZ _vKv cÖgvwbZ nq| eis ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b KziAvb Kix‡gi ¯úó AvqvZ mg~n Ges mnxn, gyidz, gyËvmvj Avnvw`m †_‡K Zvui g„Zz¨B cÖwZcvw`Z nq| Avwg GLv‡b mwZ¨Kvi kixqZvby‡gvw`Z GKivi KiwQ †h, hw` nhiZ †gŠjex ‰mq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne gmxn& AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi RxweZ _vKv ¯úó gxgvsmK I AKvU¨ hyw³ cÖ`vqK AvqvZ Ges mnxn&, gidz gyËvmvj nvw`m Øviv cÖgvwYZ K‡ib, Z‡e Avwg ÔcÖwZkÖæZ gmxn& nIqvi Aci `vwe wb‡RB cwiZ¨vM Kie Ges †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei mvg‡b ÔZIevÕ Kie| eis GB msμvšÍ Avgvi wKZve¸‡jv `» Kie| Avgvi weiæ‡× Aci †h me Awf‡hvM Kiv nq †h, GB e¨w³ÔjvBjvZyj KìÕ A¯^xKvi K‡i, †gv‡Rhv mg~n ¯^xKvi K‡i bv Ges beyI‡Zi `vwe K‡i I LvZ&‡g beyIZ A¯^xKvi K‡i GB mg¯ÍB wg_¨v Acev` I Qjbv gvÎ| GB me wel‡q Avgvi ag©-gZ ZvB, hv Ab¨ ÔAvn&‡j mybœZ Iqvj Rgv‡ZiÕ ag©gZ, Avgvi wKZve Ô‡ZŠwh‡n givgÕ I ÔBhvjvq AvInvgÕ †_‡K †h me AvcwË DÌvcb Kiv n‡”Q, IB wQ`ªv‡š^lY¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© åvwšÍg~jK| GLb Avwg wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv gymjgvb‡ì mvg‡b cwi®‹vifv‡e GB Ô†Lv`vi M„nÕÑgmwR‡` ¯^xKvi KiwQ †h Avwg Rbve LvZvgyj& Avw¤^qv mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi ÔLZ‡g-beyIZÕ wek¦vm Kwi, Ges †h e¨w³ ÔLZ‡g-beyIqvZÕ A¯^xKvi K‡i, Zv‡K †eØxb, Ges Bmjv‡gi MÛxi ewnf©~Z e‡j Ávb Kwi| †m fv‡eB Avwg Ôgvjv‡qKvÕ (†d‡ikZvn), gy‡Rhv (A‡jŠwKK wμqv) mg~n Ges ÔjvBjvZzj& KìÕ cªf„wZ welqI gvwb|


Zvi Kv‡Q GLbI gmxn AvjvB‡nm mvjvg AvKv‡k RxweZ _vKvi cÖgvY Av‡Q| AZ:ci wZwb †gŠjex bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q wM‡q Zv‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, wZwb wK IB cÖKvi njd Ki‡Z cª¯‘Z Av‡Qb? ZLb wZwb ej‡jb †h, wZwb †Kvb cÖKv‡ii njd Ki‡eb bv| cywjkmycvi G‡m nhiZ AvK`vm‡K ej‡jb : ÔwZwb Avcbvi hy&w³, cÖgvY I `wjj ï‡b njd Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bb| GRb¨ Avcbvi P‡j hvIqv DwPZ| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv ï‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ D‡V ùvov‡jb| Avwg (A_v©r, gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` Kcyi_jex) ûhy‡ii nvZ a‡i wb‡e`b Kijvg, Ôûhyi GLb GKUz A‡c¶v Kiæb|Õ Avwg †kL ingZzjøvn mv‡ne‡K ejjvg, Avcwb cywj‡ki mycvi mv‡ne‡K ejyb, cÖwZc¶ cÖ_‡g †ei †nvK| Avgiv c‡i hve| AZ:ci, cywjk mycvi mv‡ne Zv‡ì‡K hvIqvi Rb¨ ZvwM` w`‡jb| Zviv †R` ai‡jb †h cÖ_‡g Avgv‡ì †h‡Z n‡e| hv †nvK, GB e¨vcvi wb‡q wKQy K_vevZv© Pjj| AZ:ci mycvi mv‡ne Dfq c¶‡KB GK m‡½ hvIqvi Rb¨ ej‡jb| hv †nvK, GB cÖKv‡i Avgiv DVjvg| Avgiv Ôevi RbÕ nhiZ mv‡n‡ei PZz®úv‡k© PμvKv‡i ùvovjvg| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k cywjk PμvKv‡i `vuovj| Avgiv hLb ìRv †_‡K †ei njvg, ZLb w`jøxevmxiv Avgiv †h Mvwo‡Z G‡mwQjvg, †mwU‡K †Kv_vI mwi‡q wb‡q‡Q| cywjk mycvi A‡bK Kó K‡i Avgv‡ì‡K GKwU †NvoviMvwo‡Z DwV‡q w`‡jb| †KvPIqv‡bi ev‡·i Ici cywjk BÝ‡c±i, `ywU cv`vwb‡Z `yRb mve-BÝ‡c±i Ges wmcvnxMY wcQ‡b GKwU Mvwo‡Z wQ‡jb| Mvwoi wfZ‡i nhiZ AvK`vm, Lvu gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne, gybwk Av‡ivov Lvb mv‡ne Ges nv‡dR nv‡g` Avjx wQ‡jb| GB LvKmviI wQjvg| Avgv‡ì Mvwoi Ici cv_i wbw¶ß nw”Qj| †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne Avgv‡ì iIbv nIqvi mg‡q wcQ‡b i‡q hvIqvq gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne Mvwo †_‡K jvd w`‡q †ei n‡q co‡jb| †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Pvicv‡k †h mg¯Í †jvK wfo KiwQj, Zviv gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne‡K †`‡L m‡i coj Ges gynv¤§` Lvu mv‡ne †gŠjex mv‡ne‡K wb‡q Mvwo‡Z wd‡i Avm‡jb|Ó1

w`jøxi Djvgv‡ì Kzdix d‡Zvqvi A¯¿aviY Ges D‡ËRbv m„wó :w`jøxi Djvgv‡ì m„ó D‡ËRbvq kn‡ii ¸Ðv I e`gvk cÖK…wZi †jv‡Kiv Ggb D‡ËwRZ nj †h, Zv‡ì kZ kZ †jvK GKwÎZ n‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi evwo AvμgY Kij| AšÍ:cy‡ii ìRv cÖvq †f‡½ hvIqvi

(1) ÔAvmnv‡e-Avng`Õ 129-130 c„: (mvi msKwjZ)|


Dcμg n‡jv| wKš‘ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wek¦¯Í gywi`MY h_vmg‡q evav †`qvq Zviv wKQy Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv| kn‡ii AwjMwj‡Z GK cÖKvi wkóvPvi ewR©Z †kvi‡Mvj Pj‡Z jvMj| Akøxj I KyiæwPc~Y© eû Bk‡Znvi, e„_v Avùvjb Ges wbR©jv wg_¨vi eûj cÖPvi n‡Z jvMj| Djvgv‡ì c¶ †_‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv w`jøxi evRv‡i Ges c‡_Nv‡U cÖPzi weZiY Kiv nj|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne fycvjexi mv‡_ gyevnvmv 1891 mv‡ji 23 A‡±vei :†gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne `vn&jex nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †gvKv‡ejvq Dcw¯’Z n‡q †h fxlYfv‡e civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv w`jøxevmxiv g‡g© g‡g© Dcjwã KiwQj| we‡klZ: Avn‡j-nvw`m m¤cÖ`vq †Póv Ki‡Z jvMj, †hfv‡e †nvK gmx‡ni Rxeb ev g„Zzï welq wb‡q wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ evnvm Ki‡Z n‡e| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ Uzcxi eëmvqx AvjxRvbIqvjvMY †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne fycvjx‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †gŠjex ekxi mv‡ne e`vqyb †Rjv¯’ mvn& mvIqv‡bi evwm›`v wQ‡jb Ges beve wmwÏK nvmvb Lvu mv‡n‡ei ÔDjvgv cwil‡`Õ PvKwi Dcj‡¶ fycv‡j Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb| †mLv‡b nhiZ ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avnmvb mv‡ne Avg‡iŠnxI PvKwi Ki‡Zb| G `yR‡bi g‡a¨ Mfxi eÜzZ¡ wQj| nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn gvID` `vwe Ki‡j Zviv `yB Rb wgwjZ n‡q ci¯úi gZwewbgq Ki‡Zb| nhiZ †gŠjex ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avnmvb mv‡ne `vwei mg_©bg~jK w`K MªnY Ki‡Zb Ges †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne †Riv Ki‡Zb| Ae‡k‡l Df‡qB Gwel‡q GKgZ n‡jb †h, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi `vwe mZ¨| G‡Z †gŠjex gynv¤§` Avnmvb mv‡ne Avg‡iŠnx mvnmx n‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi ÔeqvZÕ MÖnY Ki‡jb| PvKwi †kl nIqvq wZwb fycvj †_‡K w`jøx AvMgb K‡ib| GLv‡b Avn‡j-nvw`m m¤úª`v‡qi BgvgwZ jvf K‡ib| `y:‡Li welq, G BgvgwZ Zvi c‡¶ mZ¨ Hkx-wmjwmjvq `vwLj nIqvi c‡_ cÖwZeÜK nj| Zvi c¶ †_‡K †gvevnvmvi Av‡›`vjb Kiv n‡j nhiZ AvK`vm Zv mvb‡›` MÖnY Ki‡jb| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡n‡ei GB cÖKv‡i AMÖmi nIqv ev¯ÍweK A‡bK kª×vi welq wQj| wZwb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex Ges †gŠjex ‰mq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb `vnjex mv‡n‡ei bxwZ †Q‡o gmx‡ni Rxeb I g„Zz¨ msμvšÍ g~j welq m¤^‡Ü evnvm Kiv gÄyi Ki‡jb Ges hwÌ wZwb Ôby‡b mKxjvÕi evnv‡mB nveyWyey Lvw”Q‡jb, Zey mZ¨v‡š^lx‡ì Rb¨ wPšÍvi †LvivK w`‡jb|


GB gyevnvmv 1811 mv‡ji 23 A‡±vei, Rygvi bvgv‡Ri ci ïiæ nq| wZbwU cÖeÜ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne wj‡LwQ‡jb Ges wZbwU cÖeÜ nhiZ AvK`vmI wj‡LwQ‡jb| Dfq c‡¶i cÖeÜ¸‡jv Ôgyevnvmv Avj-n‡° `vnjxÕ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq| GB †KZve gmx‡ni RxebÑg„Zz¨ msμvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvav‡b M‡elYvi Rb¨ c_cÖ`k©‡Ki KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi m‡¤^vab :nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mv‡ne byÕgvbx ivwh Avjøvû Avbû e‡jb †h, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne Zvu‡ì eÜz‡ì wb‡q hLb gyevnvmv Kievi D‡Ï‡k¨ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi evm¯’v‡b †cŠu‡Q ûhy‡ii mvg‡b e‡mb, ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg †gŠjex mv‡ne I Zvui mv_x‡ì m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb :

Ò†gŠjex mv‡ne, Avwg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi wè¨mn ejwQ, Avgvi gmxn gvID` nIqvi `vwe mZ¨, †hgb Ab¨ bex‡ì beyIqvZ I †imvj‡Zi `vwe mZ¨ wQj| GB `vwei wfwË GB †h, K‡qK gvme¨vcx Avwg evievi Inx †c‡Z jvMjvg, Avjøvni imyj gmxn Be‡b gixqg IdvZ cÖvß n‡q‡Qb Ges †h cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn Avmv wba©vwiZ wQj, wZwbB Avwg| Avgv‡K Kvkd Øviv, Bjnvg Øviv, iæBqv Øviv μgvMZ Rvbv‡bv nj, eySv‡bv nj| Zey Avwg G‡K wbwðZ g‡b Kwiwb| wKš‘ K‡qK gvm ci hLb GB welq avivevwnKZv, cy‡ivcywi cÖZ¨q Ges Ôn°zj GKx‡bÕi ch©v‡q †cŠwQj, ZLb Avwg KziAvb kixd Lyjjvg Ges g‡b Kijvg †h, Avgvi GB Bjnvg¸‡jv‡K Avjøvn&i wKZv‡ei m¤§y‡L Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z n‡e| KziAvb kixd †Lvjv gvÎ myivn& gv‡q`vi AvqvZ †ei n‡jv| Avwg Zv wb‡q wPšÍv ïiæ Ki‡j Avgvi Bjnvg, Kvkd I iæBqv mg~n‡K mZ¨ e‡j †cjvg Ges Avgvi Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y© cwi¯‹vi n‡q †evaMg¨ nj †h, wbðqB gmxn Be‡b gixqg AvjvB‡nm mvjvg IdvZ jvf K‡i‡Qb| Zvici Avwg KziAvb kixd ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Mfxi g‡bvwb‡e‡k Aa¨qb Kijvg| ZLb gmx‡ni g„Zy¨ nIqv Qvov gmxn AvjvB‡nm mvjvg RxweZ _vKvi †KvbB cÖgvY †cjvg bv| Zvici , Avwg mnxn eyLvix Lyjjvg| †Lv`vi KzìZ Zvi gwngv! †Lvjv gvÎ ÔwKZveyr- Zdmx‡iÕ `yB AvqvZ †ei nj| GKwU Ges Ab¨wU GKwUi fvl¨vbyev` Be‡b AveŸvm †_‡K Ges Ab¨wUi fvl¨vbyev` ¯^qs Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg †_‡K


gRy` wQj| Ab¨ K_vq, eyLvix Dfq AvqvZB hv `yÕwU wfbœ wfbœ ¯’v‡b wQj GK ¯’v‡b msKjb K‡i Zuvi gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, G Dfq AvqvZ w`‡q Ab¨ wKQy bq †KejB gmxn&i g„Zz¨ cÖwZwôZ nq| Zvici mgMÖ mnxn eyLvix cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ GK GKwU K‡i kã cvV Kijvg| G‡ZI g„Zz¨ Qvov ms‡KZ ev cÖKvivšÍ‡i RxweZ _vKvi †Kvb kã †ei n‡jv bv| Zvici Avwg mnxn& gymwjg cÖf…wZ nvw`‡mi mg¯Í wKZve¸‡jv cÖwZwU †`Ljvg Ges MfxiZi Awfwb‡ek mnKv‡i GK GKwU kã I GKwU A¶i cvV Kijvg| wKšÍy †Kv_vI gmx‡ni g„Zz¨ Qvov RxweZ _vKvi j¶Y †ei n‡jv bv| _vK‡jv, ÔbRyjÕ msμvšÍ nvw`m mg~n| Gm‡e †Kv_vI Ôbhyjyg& wgbvm& mvgvÕ (AvKvk n‡Z AeZiY) †bB| Ôbhy‡jiÕ mv‡_ Zuvi RxweZ _vKvi m¤^Ü wK? hLb Zuvi Rxeb Ges Ôivdv Bjvm&-mvgvÕ (AvKv‡ki w`‡K D‡Ëvjb) †Kv_vI cÖgvwYZ nq bv, ZLb ÔbhyjÕ (AeZiY) Avevi wKfv‡e nq? ÔbwhjÕ gymv‡dK‡KI e‡j, †hgb GLb Avwg w`jøx‡Z bhyj (AeZiY) K‡iwQ|

nhiZ AvK`vm ZLbI e³…Zv †kl K‡ibwb, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne Aw¯’i n‡q ej‡jb, ÔAbygwZ †c‡j, Avwg G `vjv‡bi `~ieZx© †Kv‡Y e‡m wKQy wjL‡Z cvwiÕ| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg ej‡jb, Ô†ek †Zv, Avcwb †hLv‡b B”Qv emybÕ| †gŠjex mv‡ne `~ieZx© GK †Kv‡Y wM‡q em‡jb Ges gyRv‡Ï` Avjx Luv Øviv cÖeÜ †jLv ïiæ Ki‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg ej‡jb, ÔKv‡Q e‡m ¯^n‡¯Í wbR Kj‡g m‡½ m‡½ cÖkœ I DËi †jLvi kZ© wba©vwiZ n‡qwQj| wKšÍy †gŠjex mv‡ne `~‡i wM‡q Ab¨ KviI gva¨‡g †jLv‡”Qb|Õ Avwg ejjvg, Ô†gŠjex mv‡ne‡K wKQz ej‡ev? wZwb ej‡jb, Ô_vK, wjL‡Z `vI ev †jLv‡Z `vI|1

Kcyi_jv wbevwm nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mv‡ne e‡jb :ÒZvici, hLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne cÖeÜ †jLv‡jb, ZLb Avwg Zv nhiZ mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q †cuŠQvjvg| ûhyi Avgv‡K †mLv‡bB `uvov‡Z e‡j `yÕ c„ôv †jLv n‡j bKj Kivi Rb¨ eÜz‡`i‡K w`‡Z ej‡jb| Avwg †`Ljvg ûhyi †mB cÖe‡Üi Ici GKevi †PvL eywj‡q †M‡jb| Zvici Av½yj †i‡L c„ôv¸‡jvi Ici `„wócvZ K‡i Zv c„_K †i‡L w`‡jb| Avgvi g‡b nw”Qj wZwb cvV K‡ibwb| ïay GK bRi mivmwi †`‡L‡Qb gvÎ| hv †nvK, ûhyi ZLbB Reve †jLv ïiæ K‡ib| `yÕ c„ôv‡K GK GK c„ôv K‡i GKwU †gŠjex

(1) Ônvqv‡Z-Avng`Õ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 182-83 c„:|


Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne Abywjwc ïiæ Ki‡jb Ges Ab¨wU Ave`yj KzÏym mv‡ne Abywjwc Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| G cÖKv‡i hLb `yÕc„ôv cÖ¯ÍyZ nZ, Avwg Ici †_‡K wb‡q AvmZvg Ges Zviv Abywjwc Ki‡Z _vK‡Zb| nhiZ mv‡ne GZ `ªæZ wjL‡Zb †h, `yB GK cvZv AbywjwcKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Aewkó _vKZ| Ave`yj KzÏym mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ wjL‡Zb| wZwb nqivb n‡jb Ges nvZ w`‡q †jLvi Kvwj †`‡L ciL Ki‡Z jvM‡jb, Zv wK c~‡e©Kvi †jLv? Avwg ejjvg, Ôhw` ZvB nq Z‡e †Zv Zv GKwU Ac~e© †gv‡Rhv|Õ

hv †nvK, Gfv‡e `ªæZ †jLv Ges m‡½ m‡½ Abywjwc n‡Z jvM‡jv| Avwg nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rev‡ei Abywjwc †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne‡K w`‡q cÖZz¨Ëi wjL‡Z ejjvg| wZwb nhiZ mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vr PvB‡jb| Avwg bB, Ab¨ †KD nhiZ mv‡ne‡K Lei w`j, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne mv¶vr Ki‡Z Pvb| ûhyi Zr¶Yvr AvMgY Ki‡jb| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne ej‡jb †h, AbygwZ †c‡j wZwb ci w`b Reve wj‡L Avb‡eb| ûhyi mšÍyó wP‡Ë AbygwZ `vb Ki‡jb| gyevnvmvi †kl ch©šÍ †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GUvB ixwZ iB‡jv| wZwb KLbI mvg‡b e‡m wjL‡Zb bv, AbygwZ wb‡q P‡j †h‡Zb|Ó1

†divi c‡_ cvwUqvjv Mgb :GB gyevnvmvi ci ûhyi Kvw`qvb †divi msKí Ki‡jb| nhiZ bv‡mi beve mv‡ne GB mg‡q PvKwi Dcj‡¶ cvwUqvjv wQ‡jb| GB Rb¨ ûhyi w`jøx †_‡K cvwUqvjv hvb Ges †mLv‡b K‡qKw`b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| 1891 mv‡ji 30†k A‡±vei cvwUqvjvi R‰bK †gŠjex gynv¤§` BmnvK mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ gmx‡ni Rxeb-g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü Avjvc Av‡jvPbv nq| †gŠjex mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ònvw`‡m wjwLZ Av‡Q, nhiZ gmxn Be&‡b gwiqg K‡qK N›Uvi Rb¨ wbðqB g„Zz¨ jvf K‡ib| wKšÍy wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ bq| AZ:ci, wZwb cyiæ¾xweZ n‡q AvKv‡k Mgb K‡ib|Ó nhiZ AvK`vm Zuv‡K eySv‡jb †h, †Kvb e¨w³iB `yÕevi g„Zz¨ N‡U bv| nhiZ gmxn& AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg m¤^‡ÜI KziAvb I nvw`m †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq bv †h, Zuvi `yÕevi g„Zz¨ N‡UwQj| Zuv‡K AviI eû `wjj w`‡q GB K_v eySv‡bv n‡qwQj| wKšÍy wZwb Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q wM‡q Zuvi weRq W¼v evRv‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU

(1) ÔAvmnv‡e Avng`Õ PZz_© LÐ, 124-26 c„:|


Bk‡Znv‡ii gva¨‡g cvwUqvjvi Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †NvlYv Ki‡jb, Òhw` †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei wee„wZ mZ¨ Ges Avgvi GB wee„wZ wg_¨v n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei KZ©e¨ GKwU cÖKvk¨ Rbmfv K‡i Avgvi mv‡_ evnvm K‡ib|Ó G‡Z †gŠjex mv‡ne bxie n‡q †M‡jb Ges †gvKv‡ejvq Dcw¯’Z n‡jb bv|1

Avm&gvbx dqmvjv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avn&evb :nhiZ AvK`vm hLb †`L‡jb †h, †`‡ki kxl© ¯’vbxq Djvgv‡ì Kv‡Q we‡kl K‡i w`jøxi gZ †K›`ªxq kn‡i wM‡q ÔBrgv‡g û¾rÕ ev cwic~Y© hyw³ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges DjvgvMY hyw³ w`‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †¶‡Î Dcw¯’Z n‡Z Uvj-evnvbv Ki‡Qb| †KD †KD †gvKv‡ejvq Dcw¯’Z n‡jI cvw_©e m¤§vb I cÖfve-cÖwZcwË wemR©b w`‡Z cÖ¯ÍyZ bb, ZLb wZwb Ggb GKwU c_ Aej¤^b Ki‡jb, hv a‡g©i cÖvY Ges hv e¨ZxZ †KD ÔAvm&gvbx AvZ¥vi AwaKvixÕ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb Djvgv‡ì‡K Avn&evb Rvbv‡jb †h, Zuviv hw` †Lv`v ZvAvjvi ûhy‡i cÖK…Z ag© wek¦vmx n‡q _v‡Kb, A_ev Avmgv‡bi mv‡_ Zuv‡ì Ava¨vwZ¥K †hvMm~Î _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvuiv †hb Dcw¯’Z n‡q ¯^M©xq mvnvh¨ cÖvwß wel‡q AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AeZxY© nb| hw` Zuviv Kv‡gj gy‡gb I gyËvKx n‡q _v‡Kb, hw` Zuviv mwZ¨Kvi wek¦vmx, ci‡nRMvi I ag©civqY n‡q _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avjøvn&ZvAvjv wbðqB Zuv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| Zv bv K‡i, hw` †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuv‡ì‡K AcgvwbZ K‡ib, Zuv‡ì m½ cwiZ¨vM K‡ib Ges Hkx mvnvh¨vejx ûhyi AvK`v‡mi mv_x nq, Z‡e Zuviv †hb wPšÍv K‡i †`‡Lb †h mZ¨ Kvi mv‡_ Av‡Q Ges †K wg_¨vi AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wZwb G cÖm‡½ Kv‡gj gyÕwg‡bi PviwU j¶Y eY©bv K‡ib :

(1) Kv‡gj gyÕwgb Avjøvn&-ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †_‡K cÖvqB mymsev` cÖvß n‡q _v‡Kb| A_©vr, Zuvi ev Zuvi eÜz‡ì g‡bvevÃv m¤^‡Ü NUbv cÖKvwkZ nevi Av‡M Zvu‡K Rvbvb nq|

(2) Kv‡gj gyÕwg‡bi Kv‡Q Ggb me A`„k¨ welqmg~n cÖKvwkZ nq †h, IB mgy`‡qi m¤^Ü ïay Zuvi wb‡Ri wel‡q ev Zuvi mv‡_ m¤^Ü wewkó e¨w³‡ì Rb¨B bq eis c„w_ex‡Z †h me ÔKvhv I KìÕ, A_©vr Hkx wggvsmv I weavb AeZxY© nevi Rb¨ wbw`©ó nq ev c„w_exi †Kvb †Kvb

(1) 1891 mv‡j 31 A‡±vei, Zvwi‡Li Bk‡Znvi ÔZejx‡M-wimvjZÕ, wØZxq LÛ, 56-57 c„:|


weL¨vZ e¨w³i Ici †h me wech©q NUv wba©vwiZ nq, Zr-m¤^‡Ü g‡bvbxZ gyÕwgb msev` jvf K‡i _v‡Kb|

(3) Kv‡gj gyÕwg‡bi AwaKvsk †`vqv M„nxZ nq Ges cÖvqB †`vqv Keyj nIqvi msev` mg‡qi Av‡M Rvbv‡bv nq|

(4) Kv‡gj gyÕ†g‡bi Kv‡Q KziAvb Kix‡gi wbZ¨ bZzb my¶¥ ZË¡ Ges AšÍwb©wnZ Ac~e© ¸ßZvwË¡K we‡klZ¡ me©v‡c¶v AwaK D`&NvwUZ n‡q _v‡K|

GB PviwU j¶YB Ab¨ mvavi‡Yi Zzjbvq Kv‡gj gyÕwg‡bi g‡a¨ †ewk _v‡K|1

GB ÔAvmgvbx dqmvjv MÖn‡YiÕ Rb¨ wZwb †gŠjex ˆmq` bvwhi ûmv‡qb `vnjex mv‡ne, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne, †gŠjex Ave`yj ReŸvi MRbex Ag„Zmix mv‡ne, †gŠjex Ave`yi ingvb †j¶z‡KIqvjv, gynv¤§` ekxi mv‡ne fycvjx, †gŠjex ikx` Avng` mv‡ne Mv‡½vnxi bvg we‡kliƒ‡c Ges fviZe‡l©i mgMÖ †gŠjex, mv¾v`vbkxb, mywd Ges cxiRv`v‡K mvaviYfv‡e Avn&evb Rvwb‡q ej‡jb :

Òhw` Avcbviv Kv‡gj gyÕwgb n‡q _v‡Kb Ges Avwg bvDhywejøvn&- ÔKv‡diÕ, Ôgyj&nv`Õ Ges Ô`v¾vjÕ n‡q _vwK, Z‡e wbðq Gme Avmgvbx, ¯^Mx©q mvnv‡hï e¨vcv‡i Avjøvn&-ZvAvjv Avcbv‡ì mv_x n‡eb Ges Avgv‡K KL‡bv mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb bv| A_P, G‡Z GKwU eo jvf n‡e| Avcbviv w`b- ivZ wPrKvi Ki‡Qb, ÔcÖ_‡g Cgv‡bi cwiPq `vI, c‡i evnvm KiÕ| myZivs, Avmyb, Avwg Avgvi Cgvb mve¨¯Í KiwQ Ges †mB cÖKv‡i KiwQ, hv KziAvb I nvw`‡mi m¤ú~Y© Aby‡gvw`Z| AZGe GB Zzjv`Û ev gvcKvwV ØvivB Avcbv‡ì CgvbI mve¨¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó wKšÍy GB P¨v‡jÄ †KD MÖnY Ki‡jv bv|

ÕKzd‡ii d‡ZvqvÕ :Djvgviv hLb †`L‡jb, Zuviv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †gvKv‡ejvq †Kvbfv‡eB wKQy Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| hyw³ I `wj‡ji †¶‡ÎI bv, Avmgvbx mvnv‡hï e¨vcv‡iI bv Ges Gi d‡j cÖwZw`b RbMY Zuvi Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡Qb,

(1) ÔAvmgvbx dqmvjvÕ wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 14 c„:|


ZLb Zuviv mw¤§wjfv‡e lohš¿g~jK GB wggvsmvq DcbxZ n‡jb †h, GKwU Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Ici ZrKvjxb ALÛ cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki mg¯Í cÖavb cÖavb Djvgvi mg_©bg~jK wmj‡gvni mshy³ Kiv n‡e| Zvici, Zv eûj cÖPvi Kiv n‡e| d‡j hLb gvbyl †`L‡Z cv‡e †h, mg¯Í †gŠjexMY GK ev‡K¨ Zuv‡K ÒKv‡diÓ e‡j wba©vwiZ K‡i‡Qb, ZLb †KD Zuvi K_vq KY©cvZ Ki‡e bv| e¯ÍyZ: †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne‡K GB Kv‡Ri fvi †`qv n‡jv| wZwb ZrKvjxb mgMÖ ALÛ cvK- fviZ ågY K‡i `yB kÕ †gŠjexi KvQ †_‡K ÔKzd‡ii dZIqvÕ msMÖn Ki‡jb| m¤¢eZ:, Aviwe I E`y© Awfavb ¸‡jvi Ggb †Kvb RNb¨Zi Mvwj wQj bv, hv GB me ÒDjvgvq †KivgÓ, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rb¨ eënvi K‡ibwb| Ggb ej‡j †Kvb AZz¨w³ n‡e bv †h, Zuviv Ggb wKQz wKQz MvwjI Avwe¯‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb †h¸‡jv BwZc~‡e© †Kvb fvlvq †Kv_vI cvIqv hvq wb| AvgivI GB dZIqvi †Kvb †Kvb Ask †`‡LwQ| †Kvb f`ª‡jv‡Ki Zv cvV‡hvM¨ bq|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne GB åvšÍ aviYvi ekeZx© n‡qwQ‡jb †h, nhiZ AvK`vm wgh©v mv‡ne †h L¨vwZ I DbœwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv ZuviB Ôevivnx‡b-Avng`xqvi mgv‡jvPbv Ges Dw”Q¡Z cÖksmvi d‡jB N‡UwQj| †m Rb¨ wZwb `c© K‡i ej‡jb : ÔAvwgB Zuv‡K Ic‡i DwV‡qwQjvg Ges GLb AvwgB Zuv‡K wb‡P bvgveÕ|1

nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi wKZve Ôwbkv‡b-Avmgvbx‡ZÕ Djvgv‡ì GB me d‡Zvqv Ges Avjøvn&-ZvAvjvi AbyMÖnivwR Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒGB Aag Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi AbyMÖnmg~‡ni K…ZÁZv cÖKv‡k A¶g| Kzdix dZIqvi Ggb mg‡q hLb PZzw`©K †_‡K GB Rvgvbvi Djvgv‡ì K‡Ú (ÔZzwg gyÕwgb bI) aŸwbZ n‡”Q, ZLb Avjøvn& Rvjøv kvbyûi c¶ †_‡K evYx Avm‡Q †h (Ôej, Avwg gvgyiÕ Avwg cÖZ¨vw`ó n‡qwQ Ges Avwg me© cÖ_‡g Bgvb G‡bwQ)| GK w`‡K, nhiZ †gŠjex mv‡neMY ej‡Qb †h †Kvb cÖKv‡i GB e¨w³i aesm mvab Ki| Ab¨ w`‡K Bjnvg n‡”Q, (ÒZviv †Zvgvi Ici ˆè wec` AeZi‡Yi cÖZ¨vkvq A‡c¶v Ki‡Q, ZvivB ˆè wec`MÖ¯’ n‡eÕ)| GKw`‡K, Zuviv Avgv‡K jvwÃZ, AcgvwbZ Kivi †Póv

(1) Ôb~i Avng`;, 17 c„:|


Ki‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K †Lv`v Iqv`v Ki‡Qb,

(Ôhviv †Zvgvi Acgvb Pvq, Avwg Zv‡ì‡K AcgvwbZ Kie| Avjøvn&B †Zvgvi cÖwZ`vb| Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡K †MŠiegwÛZ Ki‡eb|Õ) GKw`‡K †gŠjexiv d‡Zvqvi ci d‡Zvqv wjL‡Qb : GB e¨w³i mv‡_ HKgZ †cvlY Ges Gi AbyewZ©Zvi Øviv gvbyl Kv‡di nq| Aci w`‡K Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zuvi GB Bj&nv‡gi Ici μgvMZ †Rvi w`‡”Qb †h,

Ôej, hw` †Zvgiv Avjøvn&‡K fvjevm, Z‡e Avgvi c`v¼vbymiY Ki| Zvn‡j wZwbI †Zvgv‡ì fvjevm‡eb| e¯ÍyZ: GB, mKj †gŠjex mv‡neiv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi mv‡_ hy‡× AeZxY© n‡”Q| AwP‡iB †`L‡e, Kvi Rq nq|Ó1

G ¯’‡j, Zv we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †h, ÒBwbœ gywnbyg& gvb& Aviv`v BnvbvZvKvÓ (ÒAvwg Zv‡K AcgvwbZ Kie, †h †Zvgvi Acgvb PvB‡eÓ)| GB Bjnvg nhiZ AvK`vm jv‡nv‡i cÖvß nb| GUv hwÌ mvwe©K, wKšÍy ZLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex‡K Dcj¶ K‡iB Zv AeZxY© nq| GB Bj&nvg evi evi wKfv‡e c~Y© n‡q‡Q-eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡j `xN© Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb| ms‡¶‡c Gi wKQz wKQz e„ËvšÍ cieZx© c„ôvmg~‡nI cvIqv hv‡e|

e¯ÍyZ: evUvjex mv‡ne Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi †h ÔgvgyiÕ - A_©vr, †h cÖZ¨vw`ó ag©- ms¯‹viKÕZv‡K gvbnvwbi AwfcÖvq KiwQ‡jb, AvR Zuvi cÖwZ we‡k¦i w`K&w`MšÍ †_‡K ìƒ` cvV n‡”Q| c„w_exi weL¨vZ cyiæliv Zuvi bvg D”Pvi‡Y Zuvi m¤§vbv‡_© g¯ÍK AebZ K‡ib Ges †m w`b †ewk `y‡i bq, eis Øvi cÖv‡šÍ Dcw¯’Z, hLb c„w_exi ev`kvn&iv Zuvi cwi‡aq e¯¿ †_‡K Avwkm A‡š^lY Ki‡eb| wKšÍy evUvjex mv‡n‡ei bvg D”PviY K‡i, Ggb KvD‡KI cvIqv hv‡e bv| †Kv_vq wQj †m w`b hLb cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki mg¯Í RvwZ Zuvi bvg m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ D”PviY Ki‡Zv Ges †hw`K w`‡q wZwb †h‡Zb, Zuvi m¤§vbv‡_© gvbyl ùvwo‡q †hZ Avi †Kv_vq GB Ae¯’v †h AvR Zuvi RxeÏkv‡ZB (nhiZ AvK`vm‡K, bvDhywejøvn&, Aegvbbv Kievi AwfcÖv‡q ùvov‡bvi c‡iB) Zuvi m¤§vb μgk: Kg‡Z _vK‡jv| Zvi mšÍvbiv mevB eiev` n‡jv| m¤úwË mg¯ÍB webó n‡jv| hLb wZwb evUvjvq cÖvY Z¨vM Ki‡jb, ZLb evUvjvi gymjgvbiv Zuv‡K Zuv‡ì Kei¯’v‡b `vdb

(1) Ôwbkv‡b-AvmgvbxÕ 38-39 c„:|


Ki‡Z m¤§wZ †`bwb Ges wZwb Ggb GK Kei¯’v‡b mgvwnZ nb, hvi D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB‡jI gyL †_‡K K_v m‡i bv|1

Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`v‡mi AwfgZ :†h Kzdixi dZIqvi K_v Ic‡i ewY©Z n‡jv, GB d‡Zvqv hLb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q †cŠuQj, ZLb wZwb wb¤œwjwLZ †NvlYv cÖKvk Ki‡jb :

ÒGB d‡Zvqv Av‡`¨vcvšÍ †`‡LwQ| †h me Awf‡hvM w`‡q GB d‡Zvqv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q, ÔBb&kv Avjøvn&Õ, AwZ kxNªB IB me Awf‡hvM wg_¨v I NUbv weiæ× nIqv m¤‡Ü GKwU wKZve GB Aa‡gi c¶ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡e| Zvi bvg n‡e, Ò`v‡dÕ-Dj&-Im&-IqvmÕ|2 Zv m‡Ë¡I GB e¨w³‡ì Awfm¤úvZ I nvm¨ we`ªƒc Avgvi †KvbB Av‡¶c †bB Ges †Kvb Avk¼vI †bB| Avwg eis mšÍyó n‡qwQ, wgquv bwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne, †kL evUvjex Ges Zuv‡ì AbyewZ©iv Avgv‡K Kv‡di,Õ ÔgvjvDbÕ, Ô`v¾vjÕ, ÔhvjÕ, Ô†eCgvbÕ, ÔRvnvbœvgxÕ Ges ÔAvK&diÕ e‡j Zuv‡ì wP‡Ëi IB me Av¸b †ei K‡i‡Qb, hv mZZv, mvayZv Ges †Lv`vfxiæZvi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivL‡j KL‡bv †ei nZ bv| Avgvi `vwei c~Y© cÖgvY †`‡L Ges mZ¨Zvi wZ³ ¯^v‡` GB g‡nv`qMY hZUzKz AvnZ n‡q‡Qb, †mB fxlY gg© ¶‡Zi e¨_v Dck‡gi Rb¨ Avgv‡K Awfm¤úvZ Kiv Qvov Zuv‡ì Ab¨ †Kvb DcvqI wQj bv| Avwg G‡ZI Avb›` jvf KiwQ †h, Bû`x dKxn& I †gŠjexiv Ae‡k‡l nhiZ gmxn& AvjvB‡nm mvjvg‡K †h Dcnvi w`‡qwQj, †hgb bvwK Avn‡j&-†KZv‡ei BwZnvm Ges Pvi BwÄj †_‡K ®úó Rvbv hvq| myZivs, Avwg Ôgmx‡j-gmxn&Õ (gmx‡ni Abyiƒc) nIqv Ae¯’vq GB me Awfm¤úv‡Zi Kjie †kvbvq Avgvi eû Avbw›`Z nIqv DwPZ| KviY, †Lv`v-ZvAvjv Avgv‡K †hgb `v¾vwjq‡Zi g~j DrcvUb I we‡jvc mva‡bi Rb¨ gwmnx mË¡v Øviv ¸Yvwš^Z K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb wZwb GB welq msμvšÍ †h †h Avc`-wec` AeZxY© nIqvi wQj, Zv †_‡KI gy³ iv‡Lbwb| wKšÍy hw` †Kvb `y:L _v‡K, Z‡e ïay GUzKz †h, evUvjex mv‡ne GB d‡Zvqv cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡Z Bû`x dwKn& ev ag©hvRK‡ì A‡c¶vI AwaKZi wg_¨vPvi KvR K‡i‡Qb Ges †mB wg_¨vPvi wZb cÖKv‡ii †hgb :

cÖ_gZ : †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³, hv‡ì †Kvb †gŠjexqZ ev d‡Zvqv `v‡bi

(1) Ôwe¯Í…Z weei‡Yi Rb¨ cvV Kiæb, ÔevZvjyex Kv AvÄvg,Õ nhiZ gxi gynv¤§` Kv‡mg mv‡ne ivwhAvjøvû Avbû) cÖYxZ|

(2) Gi Aci bvg, ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ (MÖš’Kvi)|


c`vwaKvi †bB ïay Kzdzi wba©viYKvix‡ì msL¨v e„w×i Rb¨ Zv‡ì Ôgyd&wZÕ ev Ôd‡Zvqv-`vZvÕ e‡j cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wØZxqZ : †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³- hv‡ì †KvbB ag©xq Ávb †bB Ges cÖKvk¨Zt kixqZ j•Nb I cvcvPv‡i wbgMœ, eis AZ¨šÍ `yó cvc KvR K‡iÑZv‡ì‡K AZ¨šÍ eo Av‡jg I kixq‡Zi cve›` e‡j a‡i wb‡q Zv‡ì †gvni mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Z…ZxqZ : hvu‡ì Ávb I mZZv- Bj&g I wØqvbZ`vix Av‡Q, wKšÍy cÖK…Zc‡¶ hvuiv GB d‡Zvqvi Ici †gvnivswKZ K‡ibwb, evUvjex mv‡ne c~Y© gvÎvq PvZzwi I wg_¨vPvwiZvi Øviv Zuv‡ì bvgI G‡Z ms‡hvwRZ K‡i‡Qb|

GB wZb cÖKvi †jv‡Ki m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q wjwLZ cÖgvY we`¨gvb Av‡Q| hw` evUvjex mv‡ne ev Ab¨ †Kvb mv‡n‡ei G‡Z m‡›`n _v‡K, Z‡e jv‡nv‡i GKwU mfvi Abyôvbc~e©K Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖgvY Zje Kiæb, hv‡Z †h-B wg_¨vev`x cÖwZcbœ nq, Zvi gyL Kwjgvwjß nq| Ggwb‡Z ÔZK&dxiÕ ev KvD‡KI Kv‡di cÖwZcbœ Kiv †Kvb bZzb K_v bq| GB †gŠjex‡ì wcZv, wcZvgnvw` c~e©-cyiæla‡i GB bxwZB cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| Giv †Kvb m~¶¥ K_v ïb‡j Zr¶Yvr †evak~b¨ n‡q c‡ob| †Lv`vZvAvjv Zuv‡ì‡K GB eyw× †`bwb †h, K_vi †Mvovq †cuŠQ‡Z cv‡ib Ges jy°vwqZ ZË¡vejxi Mfxi Z_¨ AeMZ n‡Z cv‡ib| GB Rb¨ †m¸‡jv bv ey‡SB Ab¨‡K Zuviv Kv‡di wba©viY Kievi w`‡K Qy‡U c‡ob| AvDwjqv †Kiv‡gi g‡a¨ Ggb GKRbI †bB, whwb G‡ì †`qv Kv‡di d‡Zvqv †_‡K gy³ wQ‡jb| Ggb wK, Zuviv wbR gy‡L e‡jb †h, hLb cÖwZkÖæZ gvn&`x Avm‡eb, ZLb Zuv‡KI †gŠjexiv Kv‡di wba©viY Ki‡eb| †Zgb nhiZ Cmv hLb AeZxY© n‡eb, ZLb Zuv‡KI Kv‡di cÖwZcbœ Kiv n‡e| GB me K_vi Reve ïay GB: †n nhiZiv, †n g‡nv`qiv, Avcbv‡ì wK †Lv`vi K_v ¯§iY nq bv| Avjøvn& myenvbyû wb‡RB Zuvi ev›`v‡ì‡K G Awbó †_‡K i¶v K‡i Avm‡Qb| bZzev, Avcbviv †Zv wckvP WvBwbi gZ gynv¤§`xq D¤§‡Zi Zver gnvgvb¨ AvDwjqv‡ì‡K †fvR¨ I cvbxq e¯Íyi gZ Dì¯Í Ki‡Zb| Avcbv‡ì KzevP¨ †_‡K c~e©eZx©‡ì‡KI Ae¨vnwZ †`bwb, cieZx©‡ì‡KI Qv‡obwb| wbR nv‡Z Avcbviv IB me AvjvgZ c~Y© K‡i‡QbÑ hv wb‡Riv wk¶v w`‡q Avm‡Qb| Avð‡h©i welq, Avcbviv GKRb Ab¨ R‡bi cÖwZI myai‡bv †cvlY K‡ib bv| Aí w`‡bi K_v, gyqvwnìv †e-Øxb nIqv m¤^‡Ü Ôgv`viæj& nKÕ bvgK wKZv‡e h_vm¤¢e cÖvq wZb kÕ e¨w³i mxj¯^v¶i mshy³ Kiv


n‡q‡Q| myZivs, Kv‡di wba©viY GZ m¯Ív e‡j GB me Kzdi wb‡`©‡k †KD fxZ n‡e †Kb? wKšÍy `y:‡Li welq, wgquv bwhi ûmv‡qb I †kL evUvjex GB Kv‡di wba©vi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i eû RvwjqvwZ K‡i‡Qb Ges bvbv cÖKvi wg_¨vPvwiZv I wg_¨v Av‡ivc Øviv cvi‡jŠwKK g½j AR©b K‡i‡Qb|Ó1

cÖ_g mvjvbv Rj&mv, wW‡m¤î 1891 mvj :gmxn& `vwei cieZx© mgqKvjwU nhiZ AvK`v‡mi AZ¨šÍ Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi g‡a¨ †K‡U‡Q| weiæ×ev`x Djvgviv PZzw`©‡K we‡ivwaZvi Av¸b cÖ¾¡wjZ K‡i wQ‡jb| wKšÍy nhiZ AvK`vm gnv âh© I mvnwmKZvq AUj ce©‡Zi b¨vq `Ûvqgvb †_‡K we‡ivwaZvi AwMœ wbe©vc‡Y e¨vc„Z wQ‡jb Ges GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb `~i `~ivšÍ mdi K‡iwQ‡jb| AvKv‡q` (ev ag© wek¦vm) cÖhy³ GB hy‡× ûhyi †hgb Dš§y³ Zievwi nv‡Z `Ûvqgvb wQ‡jb, †Zgwb ÔgyevqxbÕ ev wk¶v `x¶v MÖnYKvix‡ì `x¶vi wel‡qI wZwb Ag‡bv‡hvMx nbwb| Hkx wb‡`©‡k ûhyi Kvw`qv‡b GKwU mvjvbv Rj&mvi eywbqv` ivL‡jb Ges 27 †_‡K 29†k wW‡m¤î GB Rjmvi ZvwiL wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb| 1891 mv‡j me©cÖ_g †h Rj&mv n‡jv Zv‡Z cuPvËi Rb eÜz †hvM`vb K‡ib| Rj&mvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤^‡Ü ûhyi AvK`vm 30†k wW‡m¤î 1891 mv‡j wb¤œwjwLZ †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib :

ÒGB Aa‡gi eqAv‡Zi wmj&wmjvq †h me AKcU wPË gyL&‡jmxbiv †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb, Zuviv AewnZ †nvb †h, ÔeqAvZÕ Kievi D‡Ïk¨, hv‡Z cvw_©e †gvn f½ nq, ¯^xq gvIjv Kixg I imyj gKeyj mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi †cÖg ü`‡q cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i Ges Ggb wbwj©ß Ae¯’vi m„wó nq, hvi gva¨‡g Av‡Liv‡Zi mdi AcQ›`bxq e‡j g‡b bv nq| wKšÍy GB D‡Ïk¨ wmw×i Rb¨ msmM© jvf Ges Rxe‡bi GKvsk G c‡_ e¨q Kiv AZ¨vek¨K, hv‡Z †Lv`v- ZvAvjv hw` Pvb, †Kvb wbwðZ Ávbg~jK cÖgvY `k©‡bi d‡j `ye©jZv I Avjm¨ `~ixf‚Z nq Ges c~Y©v½xb wek¦vm R‡b¥, AvMÖn I †cÖgv‡e‡Mi m„wó nq| myZivs, GB wel‡qi cÖwZ me©`v g‡bv‡hvMx _vKv KZ©e¨ Ges †`vqv Ki‡Z n‡e, †hb †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB mvg_©¨ †`b| GB mvg_©¨ jvf bv Kiv ch©šÍ KL‡bv KL‡bv Aek¨B Avgvi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY, eqAv‡Zi wmjwmjvq cÖ‡ekc~e©K mv¶v‡Zi Rb¨ hZœevb bv n‡j Ggb eqAvZ G‡Kev‡i eiKZ k~b¨ Ges ïay GKUv cÖ_v ev evwn¨K Abyôvb gvÎ

(1) Ôwbkv‡b-AvmgvbxÕ n‡Z D×„Z| 42-44 c„:|


n‡e| ¯^vfvweK `ye©jZv, ¶gZvi Afve, A_ev `~‡ii c_ ekZ: cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki c‡¶ m‡½ G‡m evm Kiv A_ev eQ‡i K‡qKevi Kó mn¨ K‡i mv¶v‡Zi Rb¨ Avmv mnR bvI n‡Z cv‡i| KviY, A‡b‡KiB cÖv‡Y GL‡bv Ggb AvMÖn R‡š§wb †h, mv¶v‡Zi Rb¨ KwVb Kó I eo ¶wZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| myZivs GRb¨B eQ‡i wZb w`b Rjmvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kiv mgxPxb e‡j g‡b nq| hw` Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Pvb G‡Z mg¯Í gyL‡jm e¨w³iv ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv I dyim _vK‡j Ges †Kvb KwVb evav weNœ Dcw¯’Z bv n‡j wbw`©ó ZvwiL Abymv‡i Dcw¯’Z n‡eb| myZivs, Avgvi we‡ePbvq †m ZvwiL 27†k wW‡m¤î †_‡K 29 †k wW‡m¤î, AvR‡Ki w`‡bi ci fwel¨‡Z hw` Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b 27†k wW‡m¤î ZvwiL Av‡m, Z‡e ïay Avjøvn&i D‡Ï‡k¨ ieŸvbx evK¨ kÖeY Ges †`vqvq †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ GB Zvwi‡L h_vmva¨ Dcw¯’Z nIqv cÖ‡Z¨K eÜzi KZ©e¨ n‡e| GB Rjmvq Ggb Mfxi Ges m~¶¥ ZË¡ †kvbv‡bv n‡e, hv Cgvb, GKxb I gv‡idv‡Zi Zi°xi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| GQvovI IB me eÜzi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e †`vqv Kiv n‡e, we‡klfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM †`qv n‡e Ges cig `qvjy Avinvgyi iv‡ngx‡bi ìMv‡n h_vmva¨ †Póv Kiv n‡e, †hb †Lv`v-ZvAvjv wb‡Ri w`‡K Zuv‡ì AvKl©Y K‡ib, Zuv‡K MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ cweÎ cwieZ©b m„wó K‡ib|1

GB m‡¤§jb Kvw`qv‡bi ÔgmwR‡`-AvKmvqÕ AbywôZ nq| Gi Kvh© weeiYx nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wKZve Ôdqmvjv Avmgvwb‡ZÕ mwbœweó Av‡Q| GB mgq †jvK mgvMg‡K ZLbKvi Ae¯’vbymv‡i ÔR¡v‡¤§-MdxiÕ ev Ôwecyj RbZvÕ e‡j wba©viY Kiv nq| wKšÍy nhiZ gmx‡n cvK Zuvi cweÎ nv‡Z †h Rjmvi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb, mnmª mnmª GKvMÖ wPË Av‡kKMY we‡k¦i cÖvšÍ †_‡K AvRI G‡Z mg‡eZ nb| mnmª mnmª †¯^”Qv‡meK Rjmvi eë¯’vcbvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb| weMZ 1958 mv‡ji Rjmvq cÖvq 80 nvRvi †jv‡Ki mgvMg n‡qwQj| †mB mgq †ewk `~‡i bq, hLb Avn&g`xq‡Zi †cÖiYvq AbycÖvwYZ n‡q j¶ j¶ e¨w³ cig AvMÖn I D`vË wP‡Ë we‡k¦i cÖ‡Z¨K †`k †_‡K GB Rjmvq †hvM`vb Ki‡eb| Bb&kvAvjøvn|

1890-91 mv‡j cÖYxZ wKZve :Ôd‡Zn& BmjvgÕ I Ô†ZŠwh‡n givgÕ iwPZ n‡q 1890 mv‡ji †kl fv‡M Ges 1891 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| GB eQ‡i me©gZ-†Kvl ¯îƒc GKwU wKZve

(1) ÔGB †NvlYv ÒAvmgvbx dqmvjvÕ wKZv‡ei m‡½ cÖKvwkZ nq|


ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕI cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi m¤^‡Ü we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ic‡i Kiv n‡q‡Q| ÔAvm&gvbx dqmjvÕI GB eQiB iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ nq| GB wKZv‡ei cwiPq c~‡e©i cwi”Q`¸‡jv‡Z †`qv n‡q‡Q|

GKRb Bs‡i‡Ri Bmjvg MÖnY, 1892 mv‡ji 13B Rvbyqvwi :1892 mv‡ji 13 Rvbyqvwi gv`ªvR GjvKvi GKRb mrü`q Bs‡iR wgt fvBU Rb, wcZv- wgt Rb fvBU Kvw`qvb `viæj& Avgvb Dcw¯’Z n‡q eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm AZ¨šÍ Avbw›`Z nb| KviY, wKQzKvj c~‡e©B wZwb GKwU ¯^‡cœ †`‡LwQ‡jb :

ÒAvwg †`Ljvg, Avwg jÛb kn‡i GKwU e³…Zv g‡Â uvwo‡qwQ| Bs‡iwR fvlvq GKwU AZ¨šÍ †hŠw³K fvl‡Yi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi mZ¨Zv cÖKvk KiwQ| AZ:ci, Avwg A‡bK cvwL aijvg| Zviv †QvU †QvU Mv‡Qi Ici emv wQj| Zviv mv`v e‡Y©i wQj| h_vm¤¢e, wZwZ‡ii †`‡ni gZ Zv‡ì †`n wQj|

AZGe, Avwg ¯^‡cœi GB Zvrch© g‡b K‡iwQ †h, Avwg bv n‡jI Avgvi †jLv¸‡jv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡e Ges eû mvay Bs‡iR mZ¨ MÖnY Ki‡eb|1

wg: fvBU Bmjvg MÖnY Kivq GB ¯^‡cœi Zvrch© Kvh©Z: c~Y© n‡jv| G‡Z ûhyi AvK`v‡mi mšÍyó nIqv h_v_© wQj|

jv‡nv‡ii mdi, 20†k Rvbyqvwi 1892 mvj :ÔAvm&gvbx dqmvjvqÕ nhiZ AvK`vm †NvlYv K‡ib, Djvgv, cxi, dwKi Ges MÏxbkxb‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb mv‡ne hw` ÔAvmgvbx mvnvh¨Õ e¨vcv‡i Zuvi mv‡_ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e jv‡nvi Zvi Rb¨ me©v‡c¶v Dc‡hvMx ¯’vb| GB Iqv`v c~Y© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb Rvbyqvwii Z…Zxq mßv‡n jv‡nvi hvb Ges gybwk gxivb eL&k giû‡gi PzbvgwÛi evwo‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib|

Ò1892 mv‡ji 31‡k Rvbyqvwi, gybwk gxivb eL&k mv‡n‡ei evwoi mvg‡b wZwb GKwU cÖKvk¨ e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Kvb AwZiwÄZ K_v bq, nvRvi nvRvi e¨w³ GB e³…Zvi mgq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wkw¶Z, Awkw¶Z, kn‡ii MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM©, miKvwi Kg©Pvixe¯ÍyZ: me †kÖYxi †jv‡Kiv GB e³…Zv

(1) ÔBhjv‡q AvInvgÕ, 515-16 c„:|


†kvbvi Rb¨ mfv¯’‡j Av‡mb| cywjk kvwšÍ i¶vq wb‡qvwRZ wQj| nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi `vwei hyw³ eY©bv K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l ûhyi e‡jb, Djvgviv Zuvi mvg‡b KziAv‡bi `wjj Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Zuvi weiæ†× Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv w`‡q‡Qb| GKRb gyÕwgb‡K Kv‡di ejv mnR| wKšÍy wb‡Ri Cgvb cÖgvY Kiv mnR bq| KziAvb Kixg gyÕwgb M‡qi-gyÕwg‡bi †Kvb †Kvb j¶Y wb‡`©k K‡i‡Q| wZwb GB me ÔKv‡diÕ AvL¨v`vZv‡ì‡K Avn&evb K‡i e‡jb, Zviv †hb GB jv‡nvi kn‡iB Zvi Ges Zuv‡ì Cgv‡bi wggvsmv KziAv‡b ewY©Z dqmjv Abyhvqx K‡i †bb|Ó1

nhiZ nvRx-Dj&-nvivgvBb †gŠjvbv nv‡dR nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne †fiæexi e³…Zv :nhiZ nvRx-Dj&-nvivgvBb †gŠjvbv nv‡dR nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne †fiæex ivwh Avjøvn& Avb&û whwb c‡i nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖ_g Lwjdv g‡bvbxZ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb GB mfvq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| ûhyi e³…Zv Kivi ci Zuv‡K wKQy ejvi Rb¨ ej‡jb| G‡Z nhiZ †gŠjvbv ùvwo‡q e³…Zv Ki‡jb :

ÒAvcbviv wgh©v mv‡n‡ei `vwe I Gi `wjj Zuvi gy‡L ï‡b‡Qb| Avjøvn&- ZvAvjvi IB mg¯Í cÖwZkÖæwZ I mymsev` ï‡b‡Qb, hv m¤ú~Y© cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zvu‡K w`‡q‡Qb| Avcbv‡ì GB kn‡ii Awaevmxiv Avgv‡K †P‡bb Ges Avgvi cwievi‡K Rv‡bb| DjvgvivI Avgvi m¤^‡Ü AcwiwPZ bb| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Avgv‡K KziAv‡bi Ávb w`‡q‡Qb| Avwg wgh©v mv‡n‡ei `vwe m¤^‡Ü eû wPšÍv K‡iwQ| Zuvi Bmjvgx †L`gZmg~n j¶¨ K‡iwQ Aek¨, Zuvi weiæ×evw`‡ì Ae¯’vI †f‡ewQ| KziAvb Kixg Avgv‡K c_ cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q| Avwg †`‡LwQ, Zuvi c~e©eZx© AvMgbKvix‡ì †hfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv n‡qwQj, GLb ZvB Kiv n‡”Q| Ab¨ K_vq, †mB cÖvPxb BwZnv‡mi cybive„wË N‡U Pj‡Q| Avwg ÔK‡jgv kvnv`ZÕ cvV K‡i ejwQ, wgh©v mv‡ne m‡Zï Ici Av‡Qb| GB m‡Zï mv‡_ msNl©Kvixiv P‚Y© wePzY© n‡e| gyÕwgb mZ¨‡K MÖnY K‡i| mZ¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ nIqvq Avwg Zv MÖnY K‡iwQ Ges nhiZ bex Kix‡gi cyY¨gq wb‡`©k n‡”Q, gyÔwgb hv wb‡Ri

(1) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`,Õ nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avwj mv‡ne Bidvbx (ivwhAvjøvû Avbû) cÖYxZ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 208 c„:|


Rb¨ cQ›` K‡i, Zvi åvZvi RbÏ Zv cQ›` K‡i|Õ †m Abymv‡i Avwg Avcbv‡ì GB m‡Zï cÖwZ Avn&evb KiwQ| ÔIgv AvjvBbv Bjøvj& evjvMÕ- mZ¨ cÖPvi e¨ZxZ Avgv‡ì †KvbB `vwqZ¡ †bB| ÔAvm&-mvjvgy AvjvBKzg|Ó

GB e‡j wZwb gÂ cwiZ¨vM Ki‡jb| mfv †kl n‡jv|Ó1

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Pig AvZ¥mshg :Òeû‡jvK mgvMg Ges mvivw`b e¨vcx wfo n‡”Q †`‡L gybwk gxivb eLm mv‡n‡ei evwo †Q‡o nhiZ AvK`vm gvn&eye ivBqvb‡ì GK wekvj AvqZb I mycÖk¯Í evwo‡Z hvb|2 hwÌ ûhy‡ii jv‡nv‡i Ae¯’v‡bi mg‡qI †jv‡Kiv we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQj, ZeyI Zv w`jøxevmx‡ì b¨°viRbK we‡ivwaZvi gZ wQj bv| Aek¨, GKwU NUbvi D™¢e n‡qwQ‡jv| Zv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi âh© I Mv¤¢x‡h©i c~Y©veqe wPÎ cÖ`k©b K‡i|

nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avjx mv‡ne Zzive wj‡L‡Qb :ÒnhiZ AvK`vm gR&wj‡m e‡m Dcw¯’Z e¨w³‡ì‡K †kvbvevi Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij †m‡μUvix gybwk kvg&mywÏb mv‡ne ÔAvm&gvbx dqmvjvÕ cvV Ki‡Z Av‡`k w`‡jb| ZLbKvi cyivcywi wPÎ Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b fvm‡Q| GB gRwj‡m Z`vbxšÍb eªvþ ag©vPvh© gRyg`vi evey Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wZwb GM&Rvwgbvi Awd‡mi cÖavb Kg©Pvix wQ‡jb| m`vPvi wkóvPv‡ii Rb¨ Zuvi Lye L¨vwZ wQj| wZwb Rb‡mevi Kv‡R AMÖYx f~wgKv ivL‡Zb| Z_vKw_Z GKRb gymjgvb Dcw¯’Z n‡q †bnvr Abyc‡hvMx fvlv cÖ‡qvM I Akøxj MvwjMvjvR Øviv Zvi w¶ßZvi cwiPq w`j| nhiZ Zuvi cvMwoi ewa©Z Ask gy‡Li Ici †i‡L ïb‡Z _vK‡jb Ges m¤ú~Y© Pzc _vK‡jb| g‡b nw”Qj wZwb wKQyB †kv‡bbwb| Zuvi †Pnvivq †Kvb cÖKvi N„Yv ev weiw³i wPýgvÎ †`Lv †Mj bv| Ae‡k‡l, IB e¨w³ kÖvšÍ n‡q AvcwbB Pzc Kij Ges P‡j †Mj| Dcw¯’Z cÖvq mevB ivMvwš^Z nw”Q‡jb| wKšÍy nhi‡Zi Avè ekZ: †KD Zv‡K evav †`qvi mvnm K‡iwb| †jvKwU P‡j hvIqvi ci gRyg`vi ej‡jb, ÒAvgiv gmx‡ni mnbkxjZv m¤^‡Ü A‡bK K_v cvV K‡iwQ Ges ï‡bwQ| wKšÍy Avgiv GLb GB gnvb Pwi‡Îi we‡klZ¡ ¯^P‡¶ cÖZ¨¶ Kijvg| wZwb GB cÖm‡½ A‡bK wKQy ej‡jb| Zuvi Awd‡m Avgv‡ì Rvgv‡Zi eû e¨w³

(1) Ônvqv‡Z-Avng`Õ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 209 c„:|(2) Ôgvneye ivBqvbÕ, wn›`y ¶wÎq e‡Y©i Kzj we‡k‡li Dcvwa wQj|


wQ‡jb| wZwb Zuv‡ì mevB‡K mgvì Ki‡Zb Ges nhiZ gybwk bex eLk mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avb&û‡K †Zv we‡kl kÖ×vi †Pv‡LB †`L‡Zb| wZwb cÖvqB GB NUbvi D‡jøL Ki‡Zb Ges nhi‡Zi Pig AvZ¥msh‡gi cÖksmv Ki‡Zb|1Ó

jv‡nv‡ii †Kvb †Kvb eÜzi eqAvZ MÖnY :nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avjx mv‡ne Zzive& (ivwh Avjøvû Avb&û) I Av‡iv eY©bv K‡ib :

Òjv‡nv‡ii AwaKvsk eÜzB †m evwo‡Z eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| AvwgI bZzbfv‡e eqAvZ ZvRv KiwQjvg| nhiZ Wv³vi gxquv BqvKze †eM mv‡ne, nhiZ wgh©v AvBqye †eM mv‡ne, nhiZ Ave`yj Avhxh mv‡ne gyNj I Zuvi cwiev‡ii2 cÖvq mevB GB mg‡q eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| GB me bvg IB †iwRóªv‡i Av‡Q, hvi AwaKvsk nhiZ wbR Kj‡g wj‡LwQ‡jb| Gi GK Kwc Avgvi Kv‡QI Av‡Q|Ó3

gvn&`yweq‡Zi `vexKvixi AvμgY :ÒGB mg‡q ûhyi AvK`vm nhiZ †gŠjex iwngyjøvn mv‡n‡ei gm&wR‡ì (j‡½gwÛ‡Z nhiZ gybwk †PivM `xb mv‡n‡ei evwo¸‡jvi mvg‡b Aew¯’Z wQj) bvgvh co‡Zb| GKw`b wZwb †hvni A_ev Avm‡ii bvgvh †kl K‡i gmwR` †_‡K †ei n‡q evwoi w`‡K hv‡”Qb, Ggb mgq wcQb w`K †_‡K G‡m GK e¨w³ †m wb‡R‡K gvn&`x ejZ4 Ges Ôjv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvn& gvn&`x ivmyjyjøvn&Õ K‡jgv cvV KiZ- nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Kvg‡i nvZ w`j, wKšÍy Zuv‡K Zzj‡Z ev †dj‡Z cv‡iwb| nhiZ ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx kvn& mv‡ne

(1) ÔnvqvZ Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 210 c„:|(2) nhiZ wgqv Ave`yj Avhxh mv‡n‡ei K‡qK w`b Av‡M nhiZ wgqv †gÕivR DÏxb

Dgi mv‡ne eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| nhiZ wgqv †PivM `xb mv‡ne nhiZ gyNj mv‡n‡ei wcZv Ges †givR DÏxb Dgi mv‡n‡ei wcZ…e¨ cyÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb cwiev‡ii Awa-Kvsk e¨w³M‡Yi m‡½ nhiZ gyNj mv‡n‡ei c‡i eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|

(3) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ 210 c„:|(4) nhiZ †gŠjex iwngyjøvn& mv‡ne (ivwh Avjøvn& Avbû) jv‡nvi kn‡ii me©cÖ_g Avng`x

wQ‡jb| Zvui cÖPv‡ii d‡j wgqvu cwiev‡i me©cÖ_g nhiZ wgquv †gÕivR DÏxb Dgi mv‡ne eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|


wkqvj‡KvUx Zuv‡K a‡i Avjv`v Ki‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K gvi‡Z PvB‡jb| nhiZ g„`y nvwmmn ej‡jb, wKQy ej‡e bv| †m †Zv g‡b K‡i †h, Avwg Zuvi c` †K‡o wb‡qwQ| eivei evwo †cuŠQv ch©šÍ wKQy¶Y ci ci nhiZ evi evi Ny‡i Ny‡i †`LwQ‡jb, †KD Zv‡K Kó †`q bv †Zv! †m m‡½ m‡½ Avm‡Z jvMj Ges evwoi evB‡i †_‡K Zvi e³…Zv ïiæ Kij| GB e¨w³ ¸RivbIqvjvi GK MÖv‡gi Awaevmx wQj| cqM¤îv wmsn bv‡g Zvi fvB Avgv‡ì RvgvÕ‡Zi GKRb cÖwm× AKcU wek¦vmx e¨w³ wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb Avn&g`x nb| wZwb jv‡nv‡iB GK gRwj‡m nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Ici cy®ú el©Y K‡ib Ges Zuvi IB fvB‡qi `y:¯‹‡g©i Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡ib| cqM¤îv wmsnI GK mg‡q wkL‡ì ¸iæ ivg wms‡ni AeZvi nIqvi `vwe Ki‡Zb| c‡i Avjøvn&- ZvAvjv Zuvi Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi mZ¨Zv cÖKvk Ki‡j, wZwb GKRb gyËvKx I gyL‡jm Avn&g`x n‡qwQ‡jb|Ó1

nhiZ †gŠjex ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avn&mvb mv‡ne Avg‡ivnxi AvMgY- †deªæqvwi 1892 mvj :1892 mv‡ji †deªæqvwii cÖ_g w`‡K nhiZ †gŠjex ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avn&mvb Avg‡ivnx mv‡ne jv‡nv‡i AvMgb K‡ib| ˆmq` mv‡ne giû‡gi K_v BwZc~‡e© GKevi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb beve wmwÏK nvmvb Luv mv‡ne fycvjxi GKRb AšÍi½ eÜz Ges Avn&‡j-nvw`m m¤úª`v‡qi mycÖwm× Av‡jg wQ‡jb| wZwb Avngw` wmj&wmjvq `v‡Lj n‡q cÖ_g Rxe‡b cÖksmbxq †L`gZ K‡ib| ZuviB m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Bj&nvg n‡qwQj :

ÒZvi †mevq gynv¤§` Avn&mvb‡K PvKwi †_‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z †`LwQÓ| e¯ÍyZ: †gŠjex gynv¤§` Avn&mvb Avg&‡ivnx GB D‡Ï‡k¨B fycvj¯’ Zuvi PvKwi cwiZ¨vMK‡i †Lv`vi gmx‡ni Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡jb|Ó2

†gŠjex Ave`yj nvKxg Kvjvbyix mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ gyevnvmv :Ôd‡Zn&-BmjvgÕ, Ô†ZŠwh‡n givgÕ Ges ÔBhvjvq-AvDnvgÕG nhiZ AvK`vm

(1) ÔnvqvZ Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 210 c„:|(2) wØZxq †Ljvd‡Zi mgq †gŠjex gynv¤§` Avnmvb Avg‡ivnx mv‡ne cvwievwiK wech©‡q

M‡qi gyevBbM‡Yi m‡½ †hvM`vb K‡ib! c‡i, wZwb ZIev K‡iwQ‡jb|


wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, ÒgynvÏvm GK A‡_© bex n‡q _v‡Kb|Ó †gŠjex Ave`yj nvKxg Kvjvbyix mv‡ne GB Dw³ wb‡q ZK© ïiæ Ki‡jb Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ Zuvi gybvhviv nq| †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei g‡Z GB evK¨ Øviv cÖK…Z beyIqv‡Zi `vwe cÖKvk cvq| wKšÍy nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb, GB ev‡Kï GB A_© bq Ges Gi Øviv Zuvi cÖK…Z beyIqv‡Zi `vwe cÖwZcv`¨ Kiv Awf‡cÖZ bq| nhiZ AvK`vm G cÖm‡½ wb¤œewY©Z †NvlYv wj‡L †`qvq GB gybvhviv †kl n‡jv :

ÒGB Aa‡gi †KZve Ôd‡Zn& BmjvgÕ, Ô†ZŠwh‡n givgÕ Ges Bhvjvq- AvDnv‡gÕi †h †h ¯’v‡b GB kã¸‡jv cvIqv hvq †h, ÔgynvÏvm GK A‡_© bexÕ wKsev ÔgynvÏvwmqZ AvswkK beyIqvZÕ,-me ¯’v‡b Zv ÔnwKKx ev †gŠwjK A‡_© eëüZ nqwb| mijfv‡e kã¸‡jv AvwfavwbK A‡_© wjwLZ n‡qwQj| bZzev nVvr, KL‡bv Avwg ÔnwKKxÕ ev ÔcÖK…ZÕ beyIqv‡Zi `vwe Kwiwb; eis ÔBhvjv‡q-AvDnvgÕ 137 c„ôvq Avwg wj‡LwQ, ÔG wel‡q Avgvi Cgvb Av‡Q †h, Avgv‡ì ˆmq` I gvIjv-†bZv I KZ©v-gynv¤§` gy¯Ívdv mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg n‡”Qb ÔLvZvgyj&-Avw¤^qvÕ| myZivs, Avwg me gymjgvb fvB‡ì Kv‡Q ®úó ej‡Z PvB, hw` DwjøwLZ kã¸‡jvi d‡j Zviv AmšÍyó n‡q _v‡KbÑZv‡ì AšÍ‡i hw` GB kã¸‡jv Kó †`q, Z‡e Zviv GB kã¸‡jv‡K ÔZigxgÕ (ms‡kvwaZ) g‡b K‡i †mB ¯’v‡b Avgvi c¶ †_‡K ÔgynvÏvmÕ kã _vKv g‡b Ki‡eb Ges G‡K (A_©vr, ÔbexÕ kã) KwZ©Z g‡b Ki‡eb|1

†gŠjex gynv¤§ ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi cÖwZ RbkÖ×vi AebwZ ïiæ :BwZc~‡e© ejv n‡q‡Q, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne hLb nhiZ AvK`vm m¤^‡Ü wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔAvwgB Zuv‡K Ic‡i DwV‡qwQjvg Ges GLb AvwgB Zuv‡K wb‡P bvgveÕ, ZLb †mB Ôgywqh&-gywhj&Õ, m¤§vb-`vZv I jvÃbv cÖ`vb, Kvix †Lv`vi †μv‡ai Av¸b cÖ¾¡wjZ n‡jv| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vm‡K m‡¤^vabc~e©K ej‡jb :

A_©vr, Ò†h e¨w³ †Zvgvi Aegvbbv Ki‡Z PvB‡e, Avwg Zv‡K AegvwbZ

(1) ÔBk‡Znvi, 3 †deªæqvwi, 1892|


Ki‡ev Ges †h †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi AwfcÖvq Ki‡e, Avwg Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡evÓ|

Ab¨ K_vq, G Bjnv‡g Zvrch© GB wQ‡jv †h gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei jvÃbv ïiæ n‡jv| cÖ_g jvÃbv jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv‡ZB Zv‡K fzM‡Z n‡qwQj| Zvici, wZwb jv‡nvi †cuŠQv‡j wPwbIqvjx gm&wR‡ì BgvgwZ †_‡K AcmvwiZ n‡jb|1

jv‡nv‡i †gŠjex mv‡ne nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †gvKv‡ejv K‡ibwb| Aek¨, DwRi Luv gm&wR‡` GKwU mfv K‡ib G cÖm‡½ nhiZ †kL BqvKze mv‡ne Zzive ivwh Avjøvû Avb&û e‡jb :

ÒAvwg GB mfvq Dcw¯’Z wQjvg| nvbvdxiv †Zv Zuvi cÖwZ exZkÖ× wQ‡jbB, Avn&‡j-nvw`mivI Zvu‡K cQ›` KiZ bv| GB Rb¨ †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei GB mfvq Kvwk¥ix evRvi Ges DwRi Luv P‡Ki wKQy †jvK mg‡eZ n‡qwQj| †gŠjex mv‡ne wg¤^‡ii Ici ùvwo‡q Ô†ZŠwh‡n gvivgÕ cÖf…wZi Ici AvcwË Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| †jv‡Kiv †KvbB g‡bv‡hvM †`qwb Ges cÖKv‡k¨ ejvewj KiwQj, Ôjywaqvbv †_‡K gyevnvmvq civwRZ n‡q G‡m GLb Kzdixi d‡Zvqv w`‡”Q|Ó GB Rbmfv Lye †ewk n‡j Ava N›Uv ch©šÍ wQj| Zvici, wew¶ß n‡q c‡o|Ó

wkqvj‡KvU mdi :ûhyi AvK`vm ZLb jv‡nv‡iB wQ‡jb| wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui RvgvÕZ Zuv‡K wkqvj‡KvU hvIqvi Rb¨ wbgš¿Y Ki‡jb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zuviv we‡klfv‡e nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne‡K cÖwZwbwa ¯îƒc †cÖiY K‡ib| ûhyi Zuv‡ì wbgš¿Y MÖnY Ki‡jb| 1892 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡mi wØZxq mßv‡n ûhyi wkqvj‡KvU hvÎv K‡ib Ges nvKxg gxi ûmvgyÏxb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib| wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui cÖwZ Zuvi ¯^vfvweK AbyivM wQj| KviY, wZwb 1864 mvj †_‡K 1868 mvj ch©šÍ PvKwi Dcj‡¶ †mLv‡b evm K‡i‡Qb| wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui AwaevmxivI Zuvi cweÎ Rxeb I Bmjvgx DËg AvPib

(1) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 211 c„:|†bvUt- wPwbIqvjx gmwR‡ì gyZIqvjøx ZLb †gvjøv MvDm wQ‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡ì cÖwm×

Avng`x ˆmq` †`jvIqvi kvn mv‡n‡ei gvZvgn wQ‡jb| †gvjøv mv‡ne h_vm¤¢e 1904 mv‡j eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|


`„k¨vejx †`‡L gy» wQ‡jb| Avgiv ûhy‡ii evj¨Rxe‡bi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wj‡LwQ, †gŠjex dhj Avn&g` giûg mv‡ne ûhy‡ii cÖ_g wk¶K‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb wk¶K wQ‡jb| Zuvi my‡hvM¨ cyÎ nhiZ Avey BDmyd gyeviK Avjx mv‡ne wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui Djvgv‡ì g‡a¨ GK we‡kl D”P ¯’vb jvf K‡ib| wZwb mì evRvi gmwR‡ì Bgvg wQ‡jb| eqAvZ MÖnYc~e©K wZwb wmjwmjvq cÖ‡ek K‡ib| nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx wkqvj‡Kv‡Ui gkûi LwZe Ges Bmjvgx Mqi‡Zi gyZ© cÖZxK wQ‡jb| wZwb c~‡e©B nhiZ AvK`v‡mi `vwe ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| nhiZ nvKxg gxi ûmvgywÏb mv‡n‡ei e¨w³‡Z¡i cwiPq †`qv Abvek¨K| GB wZbRb eyRy‡M©i Kvi‡YI wkqvj‡KvUevmx Zuvi cÖwZ we‡kl kÖ×vkxj wQ‡jb| nhiZ nvKxg mv‡n‡ei mKj cwievi wmj&wmjvq cª‡ek K‡ib| ûhyi wkqvj‡Kv‡U Ae¯’vbKv‡j Zuviv we‡kl †L`gZ Kivi cig †mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib|

nhiZ Wv³vi gxi gynv¤§` BmgvCj mv‡ne eY©bv K‡ib, gxi nv‡g` kvn& mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gmxwnq‡Zi `vwei ïiæ‡ZB eqAvZ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wKšÍy Zvi wcZv nvwKg gxi ûmvgywÏb mv‡ne GKRb D”Pvwfgvbx e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb fvj G‡ZKv` (Av¯’v) †cvlY Ki‡Zb| wKšÍy eqAv‡Z `vwLj n‡Zb bv| wZwb nhiZ gmxn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg Gi †P‡q e‡qv‡R¨ô Ges wkqvj‡Kv‡U PvKwii mgqKvi eÜz wQ‡jb| gxi nv‡g` kvn& mv‡ne memgq Zuv‡K eqAvZ Kivi Rb¨ ej‡Zb| wKšÍy wZwb Gwo‡q †h‡Zb| Zuvi eoB AvZ¥-†MŠie †eva wQj| GKevi kvn& mv‡ne Zuv‡K Kvw`qvb wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| eÜ-zevÜ‡eiv mevB †Rvi w`‡jb wZwb me wKQy ey‡Sb| AZGe, eqAvZ MÖnY Kiæb| hv †nvK, wZwb ivwR n‡jb| wKšÍy ej‡jb, wZwbB GK ai‡bi gvbyl| †jvKR‡bi mvg‡b wZwb eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡eb bv| †Mvc‡b Zuvi eqAvZ †bqv †nvK| gxi nv‡g` kvn& mv‡ne GwU‡K we‡kl Hkx K…cv g‡b Ki‡jb| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vm‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡j, ûhyi gÄyi Ki‡jb Ges wbR©‡b Zuvi eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡jb|1

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjexi wkqvj‡KvU AvMgb :†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡neI Zvi Mwn©Z AwfcÖvq PwiZv‡_©i D‡Ï‡k¨, wkqvj‡KvU Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| wKšÍy wZwb ZLb †cuŠQ‡jb, hLb ûhyi


(1) ÔwmivZzj-gvn`x,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 257-258 c„:|

wd‡i Avgvi B”Qv †cvlY K‡ib| †gŠjex mv‡ne jywaqvbvq Zuvi civR‡qi cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wKQy e¨w³‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q gyevnvmvi evZ©v w`‡q cvVv‡jb| hviv GB cqMvg wb‡q Dcw¯’Z nb, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ivR¯^ wefv‡Mi D”Pc`¯’ Kg©Pvix kÖ‡×q †kL †Mvjvg nvq`vi mv‡neI wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì mvg‡b jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv Ges w`jøxi NUbvejx D‡jøL K‡i nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb, GLb †Zv †gŠjex mv‡ne Zuvi Ici Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv w`‡q‡Qb| GLb gybvhvivq jvf wK? GLb †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei KZ©e¨ KziAvb Kix‡gi wb‡`©wkZ gvcKvwV Abyhvqx ÔAvmgvbx dqmvjviÕ Rb¨ Zvi mvnvh¨Kvix Djvgvi RvgvAvZmn gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqv| Zvici †`Lyb Hkx mvnvh¨ I Avmgvbx wb`k©b Kvi m½ †`q| ûhyi AviI ej‡jb, Òhw` Avwg wg_¨vev`x ev fÛ n‡q _vwK, Z‡e †Lv`vZvAvjv wb‡RB Avgv‡K aŸsm Ki‡eb| wKšÍy Avwg mZëv`x n‡q _vK‡j, GB me Djvgviv Zuv‡ì g‡bvevmbv c~Y© Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡eb| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv cÖwZ c`‡¶‡c Avgvi mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb Ges we‡k¦i †Kv‡Y †Kv‡Y Avgvi mZ¨Zv cÖKvwkZ Ki‡eb|Ó

Kcyi_jv mdi :Kcyi_jvi eÜz‡ì mv‡_ ûhyi AvK`v‡mi we‡kl cÖKv‡ii GKvšÍ m¤^Ü wQj- eis ejv DwPZ, Zviv Zvi wd`vn& wQ‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm jv‡nvi Ae¯’v‡bi mg‡qI Zviv †Kvb cÖwZwbwa cvwV‡q ûhy‡ii KvQ †_‡K Kcyi_jv hvIqvi Iqv`v MÖnY K‡ib| BwZc~‡e© Av‡iv `yÕ evi nhiZ AvK`vm Kcyi_jv wM‡qwQ‡jb| Gevi Kcyi_jv hvÎvq †jvK‡ì AvPiY c~e© †_‡K wfbœ †`Lv w`j| Gevi mvgvb¨ we‡ivwaZv n‡jv| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne Ôe`-†`vqvbvgvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU Bk&‡Znvi †mLvbKvi †gŠjex‡ì Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib| IB Bk‡Znvi nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡j ûhyi †`L‡jb, G‡Z gyevnvmvi P¨v‡jÄI Av‡Q| ûhyi ej‡jb, G e¨w³ jywaqvbv gyevnvmvi AbyZvc gyQevi Rb¨ G mg¯Í Pvj Pvj‡Q| ÔAvm&gvbx dqmvjviÕ w`‡K Av‡mb bv †Kb?Ó

Kcyi_jvi RvgvÕ‡Zi we‡klZ¡ :GLv‡b AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv, hw` Kcyi_jvi RvgvÕ‡Zi †Kvb †Kvb †``xc¨gvb we‡kl‡Z¡i K_v Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| GB RvgvÕZ ûhy‡ii †cÖ‡g-Zuvi Gk&‡K wejxb wQ‡jv| Gu‡ì KzievbxI AZzjbxq wQj| GB RvgvÕ‡ZiB m¤^‡Ü


nhiZ AvK`vm wjwLZfv‡e mymsev` w`‡qwQ‡jb :

ÒKcyi_jvi RvgvÕZ c„w_ex‡ZI Avgvi m‡½ Av‡Q Ges wKqvg‡ZI (ev Rvbœv‡ZI) Avgvi m‡½ _vK‡e|1

AwaK bv n‡jI GB RvgvÕ‡Zi AšÍZ: `yBRb eyRyM© A_©vr, nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avng` mv‡ne Ges nhiZ gybwk Av‡ivov Luv mv‡n‡ei AvšÍwiKZv I †cÖ‡gi GKwU NUbv cvVK‡ì mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z bv K‡i cviwQ bv| jv‡qjcy‡ii Avn&g`xqv RvgvÕ‡Zi Avgxi, G¨W‡fv‡KU Rbve †kL gynv¤§` Avng` mv‡n‡ei gnvgvb¨ wcZv nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avb&û e‡jb :

ÒGKevi ûhyi jywaqvbvq wQ‡jb| Avwg Zvi †L`g‡Z nvwRi njvg| ûhyi ej‡jb, ÔAvcbv‡ì RvgvÕZ wK GKwU Bk‡Znv‡ii LiP lvU UvKv enb Ki‡Z cvi‡e? Avwg wb‡e`b Kijvg Ôcvi‡eÕ Ges Kcyi_jv G‡m Avgvi ¯¿xi ¯^‡Y©i Pzwo wewμ Kijvg| RvgvÕ‡Zi eÜz‡ì g‡a¨ KvD‡K wKQy ejjvg bv| lvU UvKv wb‡q Avwg `ªæZ †Mjvg|2 jywaqvbvq †cuŠ‡Q ûhy‡ii †L`g‡Z Zv nvwRi Kijvg| K‡qKw`b ci, gybwk gynv¤§` Av‡ivov mv‡neI jywaqvbv †cuŠQ‡jb| Avwg †mLv‡bB wQjvg| Zuvi Kv‡Q nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb, Avcbv‡ì RvgvÕZ eoB DËg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| gybwk Av‡ivov mv‡ne ej‡jb wZwb ev RvgvAv‡Zi †KD wKQy Rv‡bb bv| ZLb gybwk mv‡ne giûg Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb Avwg (A_©vr, Rvdi Avng`) IB UvKv ïay wb‡Ri KvQ †_‡K Dcw&¯’Z K‡iwQjvg| G‡Z gybwk mv‡ne Avgvi cÖwZ eoB AmšÍyó n‡jb Ges ûhy‡ii Kv‡Q AviR Ki‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì‡K bv Rvwb‡q Bwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ †NviZi Ab¨vq K‡i‡Qb| gybwk Av‡ivov Luv mv‡ne‡K ûhyi ej‡jb, Ô†L`gZ Kivi eû my‡hvM Dcw¯’Z n‡e| Avcwb Aw¯’i n‡eb bv|Õ Zvici †_‡K, gybwk mv‡ne `xN©Kvje¨vcx Avgvi cÖwZ AmšÍyó wQ‡jb|Ó3

GLb nhiZ gybwk Av‡ivov Luv mv‡n‡ei Gk&K- Zuvi †cÖ‡gi welq ïbyb| nhiZ AvK`vm LwjdvZzj gmxn& mvbx AvB‡q¨`vûjøvû †ebvm&wiwnj Avhxh Zuvi Lyrevq eûevi e‡j‡Qb, nhiZ gmxn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjv‡gi †L`g‡Z wKQy ¯^Y© Dcw¯’Z Kivi GKvšÍ AvMÖn gybwk Av‡ivov Luv (1) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`Õ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 225 c„:|(2) Ôgvbbxq †kL gynv¤§` Avng` mv‡ne ghnvi e‡jb †h, Zvi Iqv‡j` mv‡ne GB

kã¸‡jvB eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb|(3) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 223 c„:|


mv‡n‡ei wQj| Zuvi †eZb wQj Aí| GRb¨ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi RxeÏkvq GB AvMÖn c~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| ûhy‡ii g„Zzï ci GKevi wZwb wKQy ¯^Y© gy`ªv wb‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡q Kvu`‡Z Kvu`‡Z ej‡jb, AvRxeb wZwb nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z wKQy ¯^Y© †ck Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb, wKšÍy w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| GLb ÒAvkivwdÓ †Zv †c‡q‡Qb, wKšÍy ûhyi †Zv BnRM‡Z Avi †bB| GLb wZwb Aweivg Kuv`‡Z jvM‡jb| GZ AwaK Kvu`‡jb †h, †nuPwK Avm‡Z jvM‡jv| Avjøvn&, Avjøvn&, wK Bk&K-wK †cÖg! nvq, hw` Zvi cieZx© eska‡ii g‡aÏ GB cÖKvi `„óvšÍ Kv‡qg _v‡K|

RjÜi mdi :Kcyi_jvq yB mßvn Ae ’v‡bi ci ûhyi RjÜi hvIqvi m¼í Ki‡jb| RjÜ‡i ZLb fxlY we‡ivwaZv PjwQj| GB Rb¨ ûhyi GB kn‡ii Awaevmx‡ì Kv‡Q m‡Zï evZ©v bv †cŠuwQ‡q wd‡i †h‡Z PvB‡jb bv| ûhyi RjÜi †cuŠ‡Q Avcb Kv‡R wbgMœ n‡jb| †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³ cywjk mycv‡ii Kv‡Q wM‡q Awf‡hvM Kij, GKRb gmxwnq‡Zi `vweKvix Kvw`qvb †_‡K G‡m †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ eoB †Rv‡i‡mv‡i cÖPvi Ki‡Q| Zuv‡K evav bv w`‡j kn‡i †Mvjgvj nIqvi Avk¼v Av‡Q| Zuv‡K kni †_‡K P‡j hvIqvi Av‡`k Kiv †nvK| cywjk mycvi GKRb Bs‡iR wQ‡jb| wZwb Awf‡hvM m¤^‡Ü AbymÜvb Kivi Rb¨ ûhy‡ii evmvq Dcw ’Z n‡jb Ges RjÜi Avmvi KviY wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| ûhyi GB wRÁvmvi Rev‡e GKwU `xN© e³…Zv w`‡jb| e³…Zv ï‡b we‡gvwnZ n‡q cywjk mycvi Zuvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKv‡jb Ges e³…Zvi †k‡l GB e‡j mvjvg K‡i P‡j †M‡jb, ÔhZ w`b B”Qv GLv‡b _vKzb, †KD †Kvb †Mvjgvj Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|Õ1

jywaqvbv mdi :RjÜ‡i wZwb evi wK †Zi w`b Ae¯’vb K‡iwQ‡jb| †mLvb †_‡K jywaqvbvq hvÎv K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb Ôwbkv‡b Avm&gvbxÕ cy¯ÍK iPbv K‡ib| Gi Aci bvg Ôkvnv`vZzj&-gyj&nvgxbÕ| Zvici, Kvw`qvb wd‡i hvb| 1892 mv‡ji 26 †g GB wimvjvn cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi g‡a¨ wZwb Zuvi `vwei mg_©‡b D¤§‡Zi AvIwjqv‡ì Kvk&d I Bjnvgmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|

(1) Ônvqv‡Z Avng`Õ, Z…Zxq LÛ, 228 c„:|


mdi¸‡jvi dj :(1) GB me md‡ii Øviv ûhyi AvK`v‡mi wgkb ÔAvRxgykk¦vbÕ dj jvf Ki‡jv| jywaqvbv I w`jøx md‡ii d‡j †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex Ges ˆmq` bwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei m„ó D‡ËRbvq `yBkÕ †gŠjex Zvi Ic‡i Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv cÖ‡qvM K‡i| Zv‡ì GB d‡Zvqvi cÖPvi Ges we‡ivwaZvg~jK e³…Zv ûhyi AvK`v‡mi `vwe †`‡ki GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ †cŠ‡Q w`‡jv|

(2) KziAv‡bi evYx -

ÒAv‡¶c, Avgvi ev›`v‡ì cÖwZ! †h imyjB Zv‡ì g‡a¨ G‡m‡Qb, Zuvi cÖwZ Zviv nvwm I we`ªƒcvZ¥K AvPiY K‡i‡Q|Ó GB wPivPwiZ ixwZ Abymv‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi nv½vgv, wPrKvi, †Mvjgvj m„wó I MvwjMvjvR †_‡K GUvB cÖgvwYZ n‡jv, Zuvi cÖwZI †h Ggb eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi wPišÍb weavb Abymv‡iB n‡qwQ‡jv Ges Zuvi †cÖwiZ I cÖZ¨vw`ó nIqvi `vwe ev¯ÍweKB mZ¨|

(3) GB me md‡ii mgq †`‡ki †Kvb †Kvb ¶gZvkvjx e¨w³, hvuiv Zuv‡ì ÔZvK&Iqv-ZvnviZÕ, cweÎZv I cyY¨kxjZvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ wQ‡jb-Zuvi Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖn‡Yi †mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib| GBfv‡e GB me md‡ii gva¨‡g A‡bK RvgvÕZ Kv‡qg nq|

(4) nvRvi nvRvi e¨w³ Zuvi `k©b jvf Kij Ges Zuvi cweÎ gyL †_‡K Zuvi `vwei `wjj mg~n ïbj|

mZ¨v‡š^lYKvix‡ì Rb¨ Ôiænvbx ZejxMÕ :BwZc~‡e© Ic‡i Avgiv eY©bv K‡iwQ, ûhyi Zuvi `vwe m¤^‡Ü RbmgvR‡K AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ †gŠwLK e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib, Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib, gybvhviv I †gvKv‡ejv K‡ib, ÔAvm&gvbx dqmvjviÕ Rb¨ Avn&evb K‡ib Ges D¤§‡Zi AvDwjqv I gyjnvg‡ì mv¶¨mg~nI Zuvi mZ¨Zvi cÖgvY¯îƒc Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| GQvovI, Ggb GKwU wggvsmvi cš’vI wZwb †ck Ki‡jb, hv cweÎ ü`‡qi AwaKvix‡ì Rb¨ AwaKZi jvfRbK n‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡jv (1) Ômyivn BqvmxbÕ, iæK‚ 2|


1

G‡¯ÍLvivÕi gva¨‡g †mvRvmywR †Lv`v ZvAvjv †_‡K ûhy‡ii `vwei mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv| ûhyi e‡jb :

GLv‡b GUvI ZejxM iƒ‡c wjLwQ, mZ¨v‡š^lYKvixiv, hvuiv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi wRÁvmv‡K fq K‡ib, Zuviv Zn&KxK bv K‡i GB Rvgvbvi †gŠjex‡ì Kv‡Q hv‡eb bv| Av‡Lix Rvgvbvi †gŠjex‡ì m¤^‡Ü cqM¤^‡i †Lv`v mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg †hgb f‡qi wb`k©b Dcw¯’Z K‡i‡Qb, †ZgbB fq Ki‡Z _vK‡eb Ges Zv‡ì d‡Zvqv¸‡jv †`‡L Aw¯’i n‡eb bv| KviY, GB d‡Zvqv †Kvb Awfbe e¯Íy bq| hw` GB Aag‡K m‡›`n K‡ib, ev †h `vwe GB Aag K‡iwQ, †mB m¤^‡Ü g‡b m‡›`n Dcw¯’Z nq, Z‡e Avwg GKwU mnR Dcvq m‡›`n `~i Kivi ¯^v‡_© ejwQ, hvi gva¨‡g GKRb cÖK…Z mZ¨v‡š^lYKvix Bb&kvAvjøvn& mvšÍ¡bv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Zvn‡jv GB :

ÒcÖ_gZ:, ÔZvIev bmynvÕ K‡i iv‡Z yB ivKvAvZ bdj bvgvh co‡eb| cÖ_g ivKvAv‡Z Ômyiv BqvmxbÕ Ges wØZxq ivKvAv‡Z GKzk evi Ômyiv BLjvmÕ cvV Ki‡eb| Zvici, wZbkÕ evi Ôìæ` kixdÕ Ges wZbkÕ evi B‡¯ÍMdviÕ cvV K‡i †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki‡eb, Ò†n Kvwì Kixg, me©kw³gvb, `qvjy †Lv`v! Zzwg ¸ß welq Rvb| Avwg Rvwb bv| gi`y` wg_¨vev`x fÛ, wKsev mZëv`x †KD †Zvgvi `„wó †_‡K AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs, Avwg wgbwZ Kwi, GB †h e¨w³ cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn& gvn&`x Ges Rgvbvi Bgvg nIqvi `vwe K‡i‡QbÑZuvi Ae ’v wK? wZwb wK mZëv`x, bv wg_¨vev`x? ÔgKeyjÕ, bv Ôgi`y`Õ? †Zvgvi ìMv‡n M„nxZ, bv cwiZ¨³? †Zvgvi AbyMÖ‡ni Øviv GB Ae¯’v ¯^cœ, Kvk&d ev Bj&nvg Øviv Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ Ki, hv‡Z hw` †m wg_¨v n‡q _v‡K Zv‡K MÖnY K‡i ¸givn& bv nB Ges ÔgKeyjÕ n‡q _vK‡j Ges †Zvgvi c¶ †_‡K n‡q _vK‡j, Zvu‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges Zuvi Aegvbbv K‡i †hb aŸsm bv nB| Avgv‡ì‡K me© cÖKvi wdrbv I AkvwšÍ †_‡K i¶v Ki| hveZxq kw³ †ZvgviB| Avwgb!

ÒGB ÔB‡¯ÍLvivÕ AšÍZ: `yB mßvn Ki‡eb| wKšÍy Dš§y³ gb wb‡q| KviY, wnsmv Ges KzÑaviYvi ekeZx© e¨w³ hw` IB e¨w³i Ae¯’v Rvb‡Z PvqÑhv‡K †m AZ¨šÍ g›` e‡j Ávb K‡i, Z‡e kqZvb Dcw¯’Z n‡q Zvi ü`‡q Ae¯’vbiZ AÜKvi Abyhvqx wbR †_‡K Av‡iv AÜKviv”Qbœ fveaviv Zvi ü`‡q D‡`ªK K‡i| GBfv‡e Zvi Ae¯’v c~e©v‡c¶vI AwaKZi †kvPbxq n‡q c‡o| myZivs, hw` Avcwb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi KvQ †_‡K †Kvb Lei Rvb‡Z Pvb, Z‡e wnsmv I kÎæZv Avcbvi ü`q †_‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e `~ixf~Z


Kiæb Ges me© cÖKvi KzÑaviYv †_‡K gb‡K cwi®‹vi K‡i - wnsmv I †cÖg Dfq w`K †_‡KB c„_K n‡q Zuvi Kv‡Q †n`vqv‡Zi Av‡jv cÖv_x© †nvb| wbðqB wZwb Zuvi cÖwZkÖæwZ Abymv‡i Zuvi KvQ †_‡K Av‡jv AeZxY© Ki‡eb| G‡Z bvdmvbx ev cÖe„wËg~jK †Kvb †avuqv _vK‡e bv|Ó

ÒmyZivs, †n mZ¨v‡š^lYKvix! GB me †gŠjex‡ì K_vq co‡eb bv! DVzb, wKQy ÔgyRvnv`vÕ Øviv †mB me©kw³gvb, cig c_cÖ`k©‡Ki Kv‡Q mvnvh¨cÖv_x© †nvb| †`Lyb, Avwg GLb GB Ôiænvbx ZejxMÔI Kijvg| fwel¨r Avcbv‡ì B”Qvaxb| Ô†h †n`v‡qZ cvjb K‡i Zvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvKÕ- ÕIqvm&- mvjvgy Avjv gvwbZ& ZvevAvj&-û`vÕ| cÖPviK- †Mvjvg Avn&g`, Avdv Avb&û|Ó1

nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡n‡ei wnRiZ :nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx cÖvqB nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z nvwRi n‡Zb| wKšÍy 1892 mv‡ji †kl fv‡M wZwb Rš§f‚wg wkqvj‡KvU †_‡K wnRiZ K‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e Kvw`qvb AvMgb K‡ib| nhiZ †gŠjex mv‡ne eû m`&¸‡Yi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| E`y©, dviwm I Aviwe GB wZb fvlvq Zuvi ïay eyrcwËB wQj bv, GB wZb fvlv‡ZB gvZ…fvlvi b¨vq e³…Zv Kivi gZ cy‡ivcywi `¶ZvI Zuvi wQj| Bs‡iwR fvlv‡ZI Zuvi h‡_ó `Lj wQj| KziAvb Kixg Ggb myK‡Ú cvV Ki‡Zb, Agymjgvb cw_KI Zuvi wPËvKl©K jwjZKÚ †kvbvi Rb¨ ùvwo‡q †hZ| KziAvb Kix‡gi AšÍwb©wnZ Ávb I Ava¨vwZ¥K ZË¡mg~n eY©bvq Zuvi ˆbcyY¨ wQj AmvaviY| a‡g©i cÖwZ Zuvi we‡kl gh©v`v‡eva wQj| †jLv I e³…Zv Dfq e¨vcv‡iB mywbcyY wQ‡jb| AwZkq gayi A_P ewjô KÉ¯î wQj| nhiZ gmxn gvID` Zvui cÖwZ GKvšÍ Abyi³ wQ‡jb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †Kvb †Kvb wKZve dviwm fvlvq Abyev` Kivi †mŠfvMÏ wZwb jvf K‡ib| `„óvšÍ ¯îƒc, ÔAvqbv‡q- Kvgvjv‡Z Bmjv‡giÕ Aviwe As‡ki dviwm‡Z ÔAvZZejxMÕ Abyev` wZwbB K‡iwQ‡jb| E`y© ÔAvBqvgym myjvn&Õ dviwm‡Z Abyev` wZwbB K‡i‡Qb| eû Rjmvq nhiZ AvK`v‡mi wjwLZ e³e¨ wZwb cvV Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| jv‡nv‡ii weL¨vZ agx©q me©ag© m‡¤§j‡b nhiZ AvK`v‡mi e³…Zv hv ag© msμvšÍ †gŠwjK cuvPwU cÖ‡kœi DËi ¯îƒc wjwLZ n‡qwQj Ges

(1) Ôwbkv‡b Avmgvbx,Õwiqv‡h wn›` †cÖm, AgZm‡i gyw`ªZ 38-41 c„:|


ÔBmjvgx Imyj wK wdjmwdÕ bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡i‡Q, wZwbB IB cÖeÜ cvV K‡i ïwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi ¯^fv‡e †cŠiælfve c~Y©gvÎvq cwiõzU wQj| AvRxeb RvgvAv‡Zi ÔBgvgym& mvjvZÕ I ÔLZxeÕ wQ‡jb| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Bjnvg Øviv Zuv‡K Ògymjgvb‡ì †bZvÓ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q|

1892 mv‡ji iwPZ MÖš’vejx :(1) Ôwbkv‡b-AvmgvbxÕ cÖYqb I cÖKvk| GB wKZv‡ei welqvejxi ¸iæZ¡ c~e©eZx© c„ôvi eY©bv †_‡KB eySv hvq|

(2) ÔAvqbv‡q-Kvgvjv‡Z-Bm&jvgÕ cÖYqb ïiæ nq|

1892 mv‡ji Rjmv mvjvbv :1892 mv‡jI †`‡ki GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Aci cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ Zuvi weiæ‡× Zzgyj we‡ivwaZv Pj‡Z _v‡K| wKšÍy Zuvi wkl¨‡ì msL¨v †Lv`v ZvAvjvi dh‡j w`‡b w`‡b evo‡Z _v‡K| d‡j 1892 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmvq 327 (wZbkÕ mvZvk) Rb eÜz †hvM`vb K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm QvovI GB Rjmvq nhiZ nvwKg nv‡dR †gŠjvbv b~iæÏxb mv‡ne e³…Zv K‡ib| †mB mg‡q B`vwbs Kv‡ji gZ ÔgRwj‡m gkvIiZÕ ev Avngw`qv civgk© mfv m‡¤§jb c„_K Zvwi‡L nZ bv| †h Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z agx©q cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ GK cÖKvi civgk© mfvI Rjmvi w`b¸‡jv‡ZB AbywôZ nZ| 1892 mv‡ji 28†k wW‡m¤î Zvwi‡L BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvi cÖwZ agx©q mnvbyf‚wZ cÖKvk K‡i wb¤œwjwLZ cÖ¯Íve¸‡jv M„nxZ n‡jv :

ÒBmjv‡gi cÖavb cÖavb Riæwi welq I Bmjv‡gi AvKv‡q`¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j †Pnviv †hŠw³Kfv‡e cÖ k©bv‡_© GKwU cy ÍK iPbv I gy ªY K‡i BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvq Gi eû Kwc †cÖiY Kiv †nvK| Zvici, Kvw`qv‡b wbR¯ QvcvLvbv ’vc‡bi cÖ Íve DÌvwcZ n‡jv| IB me wewkó Avng`x‡ì GKwU ZvwjKv

Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv, hvuiv GB †cÖm ’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ A_© mvnvh¨ cvVv‡Z _vK‡eb| GB wm×všÍI M„nxZ n‡jv †h, nhiZ †gŠjex ˆmq` gynv¤§` Avn&mvb mv‡ne Avg‡iŠnx GB wmjwmjvi Iqv‡qh wbhy³ n‡eb Ges cvÄve I Avh©e‡Z©i mdi Ki‡eb| Zvici g½j Kvgbvc~e©K †`vqv Kiv n‡jv|Ó1

(1) Ô1892 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmvi wi‡cvU©, ÔAvqbvq Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ n‡Z M„nxZ|


1892 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmvq nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡n‡ei †hvM vb :nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡ne G hveZ cy‡ivcywifv‡e wmjwmjvi mv‡_ mshy³ nbwb| wZwb eis †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q mw›`nvb wQ‡jb| Rjmvq †hvMv`‡bi Rb¨ Zuv‡K nhiZ AvK`vm cÎ‡hv‡M Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Gi d‡j, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi AbyMÖ‡n Zuvi hveZxq m‡›`n `~ixf‚Z n‡jv Ges m‡›`n gy³ n‡q weï× wP‡Ë ûhy‡ii Kv‡Q eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡jb|Ó1

ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ cÖKvk, †deªæqvwi 1893 mvj :nhiZ AvK`vm wewfbœ md‡i †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q Iqv`v K‡ib †h, kxNªB wZwb Ô`v‡d-Dj& Iqvm&Iqvm&Õ bvgK GKwU cy¯ÍK wjL‡eb Ges G‡Z IB mg¯Í AvcwËi Reve †`qv n‡e, hv ¯^íeyw×, msKxY©‡PZv Bmjv‡gi `vwe`viiv Zuvi weiæ‡× KiwQj| GB cÖwZkÖæwZ c~Y© Kivi Rb¨ ûhyi 1892 mv‡ji †klw`‡K GB cy¯ÍK cÖYqb ïiæ K‡ib Ges 1893 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m Zv cÖKvwkZ nq| GB cy¯Í‡K Bmjv‡gi †mŠ›`h© Ges KziAvb Kix‡gi gvnvÍ¨ ewY©Z n‡qwQj e‡j Zv m¤ú~Y© cÖ¯‘Z nIqvi ci Gi bvg ûhyi ivL‡jb ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ, hwÌ Gi Aci bvg Ô`v‡d-Dj&-Iqvm&Iqvm&ÕI _vK‡jv|

GB cy¯Í‡Ki †NvlYv‡_© ûhyi 1892 mv‡ji 10 AvM÷ GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib| GB Bk&‡Znv‡i cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯Íyi mywe¯Í„Z cwiwPwZ `v‡bi ci ûhyi wj‡Lb :

Òe¯ÍyZ: GB cy¯Í‡K Hme `yj©f Ges AwZkq m~¶¥ M‡elYv i‡q‡Q, hv cÖwZwU gymjgvb mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges eZ©gvb mgqKv‡ji Ava¨vwZ¥K welywPKvi †h welv³ RxevYy RMZ‡K aŸsm K‡i P‡j‡Q, Zv †_‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ GB wKZvewU Av‡ivM¨`vwqbx myav ¯îƒc| GB wKZve gvbe ü`‡qi evB‡ii Ges †fZ‡ii Dfq cÖKvi wecø‡eiB ms‡kvab Ki‡e e‡j hZUzKz Avgvi aviYvÑAvwg wbwðZfv‡e cÖZ¨q ivwL †h GB cy¯ÍK Bmjvg, KziAvb Kixg Ges nhiZ ˆmq`bv I gvIjvbv LvZvgyj Avw¤^qv mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi Kj¨vYmg~n we‡k¦i Kv‡Q cÖKv‡ki GKwU DrK…ó Avwkm mg„× Dcvq e‡U|Ó2

(1) we¯Í…Z Rvbvi Rb¨ Ônvqv‡Z-bv‡miÕ Ges ÔAvqbv‡q-Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ `ªóe¨|(2) ÔZejx‡M wimvjZ,Õ wØZxq LÐ, 116 c„:|


GB cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡b `yBevi im~jyjøvn& mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi wRqviZ :GB cy¯ÍK GZB eiKZgq I Avwkmhy³ Zv cÖgv‡Yi Avek¨KZv †bB| G cÖm‡½ ûhyi e‡jb †h :

ÒGB cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi mgq Avwg `yÕevi imyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi ÔwRqviZÕ (`k©b) cÖvß nB Ges wZwb GB cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡b AZ¨šÍ cÖxwZ cÖ`k©b K‡ib| GK iv‡Z GUvI †`‡LwQ †h GKRb †d‡ikZv D”P¯^‡i †jvK‡ì‡K GB cy¯Í‡Ki w`‡K Avn&evb K‡i ej‡Qb -

A_©vr, ÔGB cy¯ÍK Kj¨vYgq, Gi m¤§vbv‡_© ùvovIÓ|1

ÔAvZ-Zve&jxM :GB cy¯Í‡Ki mv‡_ nhiZ †gŠjex Avãyj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx Zvn&ixK Kivq ûhyi Bmjv‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥K m¤úª`vq- dwKi I cxiRv`v‡ì cÖwZ Avn&evb K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì Rb¨ Brgv‡g û¾‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU cÎ cÖKvk K‡ib| cÖ_gZ: cÎwU E`y©‡Z †jLvi †Lqvj ûhy‡ii wQj| wKšÍy †Kvb †Kvb Bjnvg-m‡¼Z †_‡K Rvbv †Mj †h, GB cÎ Aviwe‡Z iwPZ nIqv DwPZ Ges G‡Z Bjnvg n‡jv †h, GB me e¨w³i Ici Gi mvgvb¨B wμqv cÖKvwkZ n‡e| Z‡e, ÔBrgv‡g û¾rÕ ev cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cÖej m¤ú~wY©K hyw³ `v‡bi Kvh© m¤úvw`Z n‡e| G‡Z ûhyi †mB cÎ wjL‡jb| Zv ÔAvZ&- Zve&jxMÕ bv‡g ÔAvqbvq Kvgvjv‡Z Bm&jv‡giÕ mv‡_ ms‡hvwRZ n‡jv| cy¯Í‡Ki GB Ask Aviwe fvlvq nhiZ AvK`v‡mi me©cÖ_g iPbv| c`¨ I M`¨ Dfq cÖKvi iPbv wb‡q GB gnvZË¡ wewkó cy¯ÍKwU cÖKvwkZ n‡jv|

gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqv‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Avn&evb :dwKi Ges gvkv‡qL‡ì‡K Brgv‡g û¾r Kivi m‡½ m‡½ ûhyi gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqv‡KI Aviwe‡Z GKwU ZewjMx cÎ wjL‡jb| GB c‡Î gnvivYx‡K Bmjvg MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ Avn&evb Rvbv‡bv nq| gnvivYx eû abëv`mn GB

(1) Ôwhwggv, Avqbvq Kvgjv‡Z Bmjvg,Õ cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, 4 c„:|


c‡Îi cÖvwß ¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Av‡iv MÖš’vejx †P‡q cvVvb|

cv`ªx‡ì D‡ØM :Avjøvn&i gwngv GB mg‡qB Bsj¨v‡Ûi cv`ªx gn‡jI PvÂ‡jï m„wó n‡jv| wLªóvb a‡g©i weiæ‡× fviZe‡l© DwÌZ GB Af‚Zc~e© Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZ we‡kl `„wó †`qvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyf‚Z n‡jv| KviY GB Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖeZ©K †hfv‡e Bmjvg‡K †ck K‡ib, Zv‡Z wLªóvb ag©-KZ©viv gnvwec‡ì AvksKv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| 1894 mv‡j jÛ‡b cv`ªxiv GKwU wek¦ Kbdv‡iÝ AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| GB Kbdv‡i‡Ý †Mœv‡móv‡ii jW© wekc †ifv‡iÛ Pvj©m †Rvb GwK‡KvU Mfxi D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡i ej‡jb :

ÒBmjv‡g GK cÖKvi beRvMi‡Yi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q| AwfÁ e¨w³iv Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb, e„wUk kvwmZ fvi‡Z Avgv‡ì mvg‡b GK cÖKvi bZzb Bmjvgx Afy¨Ìvb ïiæ n‡q‡Q| GB Øxccy‡ÄI †Kv_vI †Kv_vI Gi cÖwZwμqv cwijw¶Z n‡”Q| GB RvMiY IB mKj Awfbe welqe¯Íyi fxlY we‡ivax, †h¸‡jvi Ici wfwË K‡i Avgiv gynv¤§‡ì (mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg) ag©‡K N„Yv Kwi| GB bZzb Bmjv‡gi d‡j gynv¤§` (mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg) Avevi †mB cÖv_wgK mgqKvi †MŠie AR©b Ki‡Qb| GB me bZzb cwieZ©b mn‡RB ai‡Z cviv hvq| Zvici, GB bZzb Bmjvg ïay i¶Yg~jKB bq AvμgYvÍKI e‡U| eoB `y:‡Li welq, Avgv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡iv gb GB Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡”Q|Ó1

†Møv‡m÷‡ii jW© wekc Zuvi e³…Zvq Avk¼v cÖKvk K‡ib †h, wbðqB nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cy¯ÍK ÔBhvjv‡q AvInvgÕ, ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ Ges DwjøwLZ wLªóvb wgkbvix wek¦ Kbdv‡i‡Ýi cÖv°v‡j cÖKvwkZ 1893 mv‡j Ag„Zm‡i AbywôZ gyevnvmvi Kvh©weeiYx ÔR‡½ gyKvÏvmÕ,- (kxNªB hvi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e) cv‡Vi d‡j eyw×gvb wLªóvb gvÎB Abyiƒc Avk¼vi D‡`ªK nIqv ¯^vfvweK| KviY, GB me cy¯Í‡K gmxn&i g„Zz¨ †NvwlZ nIqvq gmxn&i Ck¦iZ¡, gmxn&i Ck¦i-cyÎZ¡, wÎZ¡ev` Ges cÖvqwðËev` m¤ú~Y©fv‡e LwÛZ nq| Zvici, GB cy¯ÍK¸‡jv‡Z Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z weï× iƒc GgbB mymúóvKv‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Zv‡Z Agymjgvb mgv‡jvPK‡ì hyw³m½Z

(1) Ôcv`ªx‡ì Kbdv‡ibm Awdwmqvj wi‡cvU©, 1894 mvj, 64 c„:|


AvcwË Kivi †KvbB KviY †bB| mwZ¨ K_v, hw` cÖvP¨weìv b¨vqcivqYfv‡e nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖ`wk©Z Bmjvg cvV K‡ib, Z‡e Bmjvg MÖnY e¨ZxZ Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv MZ¨šÍi _v‡K bv|

nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avng` mv‡n‡ei Rb¥, 20†k GwcÖj 1893 mvj :1893 mv‡ji 20 GwcÖj, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GK cyÎ nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxi Avn&g` mv‡ne (mvjøvgvû iveŸyû) Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| nhiZ mv‡neRv`v mv‡n‡ei R‡š§i Pvi gvm Av‡M nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi GB Bjnvg¸‡jv fwel¨ØvYx ¯îƒc cÖKvk K‡ib :

A_©vr, Òbex‡ì Puv` Avm‡Q Ges †Zvgvi KvR n‡e| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv †Zvgvi gyLgÛj Avb‡›` c~Y© Ki‡eb Ges †Zvgvi hyw³mg~n‡K Av‡jvKgvjvq my‡kvwfZ Ki‡eb| kxNªB †Zvgvi GKcyÎ Rš§MÖnY Ki‡e Ges dhj (we‡kl AbyMÖn) †Zvgvi wbKUeZx© n‡e| Aek¨B Avgvi Av‡jvK mwbœKU|Ó1

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex‡K Av‡iv GKwU Ávbg~jK I Ava¨vwZ¥K †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Avn&evb :BwZc~‡e© ejv n‡q‡Q, nhiZ AvK`vm Bmjv‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥KZv msi¶‡Yi `vwe`vi cxi dwKi mv‡nev‡bi Ici ÔBrgv‡g û¾‡ZiÕ Rb¨ Aviwe fvlvq ÔAvZ-ZvejxMÕ kx‡ivbv‡g GKwU cÎ cÖKvk K‡ib| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex GB cÎ †c‡q Zvui Áv‡bi MfxiZv cÖKvkv‡_© GB wPwV‡K GKwU e„_v ev‡R wRwbm e‡j wb‡`©k Ki‡jb| Zuvi ÔBkvAvZzm& mybœvn&Õ cwÎKvq wZwb nhiZ AvK`vm‡K ÒAviex we`¨vk~b¨Ó, ÒKziAv‡bi Ávb m¤‡Ü AcwiwPZÓ Ges bvDhy wejøvn& wgb& hv‡jKv Ò`v¾vjÓ, ÒKvh&hveÓ e‡j wba©viY Ki‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm †Zv m‡Zï cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ me©`v my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶v Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zr¶Yvr GKwU Bk&‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡i †gŠjex mv‡ne‡K Aviwe fvlvq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~e©K Zdmxi wjLvi Rb¨ Avn&evb (1) ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z Bmjvg,Õ 266-67 c„:, ÔwZiqvKzj-Kzje, Ôbhyjyj gwmnÕ


Ki‡jb Ges fvlv Ávb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ¯iƒc Auv-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi gh©v`v welqK GKwU dwmn& I ejxM Kvwm`v †jLvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡i †NvlYv Ki‡jb, Òhw` †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne KziAvb Kix‡gi m~¶¥ZË¡ eY©bv, dwmn& ejxM Aviwe †jLv Ges ÔbvÕ‡ZÕ KweZv iPbvq wePviK‡ì g‡Z Zuvi Ici cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡ib, ev Zuvi mgK¶ nb, Z‡e wZwb Zr¶Yvr Zuvi Ab¨vq ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb Ges Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jv cywo‡q †dj‡eb| wKšÍy hw` †gŠjex mv‡ne Zuvi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z A¶g nb, Z‡e Zuvi KZ©e¨ n‡e Zuvi cy¯ÍK¸‡jv cy‡o †d‡j nhiZ AvK`v‡mi nv‡Z eqAvZ Kiv|1

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB Bk‡Znv‡ii DË‡i †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne hwÌ gnvÁvb †MŠie cªKvkc~e©K wjL‡jb wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡q Zuvi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cÖ¯ÍyZ, Kvh©¨Z: †Kvb wel‡qB †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡jb bv Ges ûhy‡ii g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ cÖ‡Z¨K Ôiænvbx I Bj&gxÕ, ÔÁv‡bi I Ava¨vwZ¥KÕ cÖwZwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi †¶‡ÎB cjvqb Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|

Agymjgvb‡ì‡K gyevnvmvi AvnŸvb :cÖKvk _v‡K GB ag©xq †gvKv‡ejv nhiZ AvK`vm ïay gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ K‡ibwb| gymjgvb‡ì ag©-wek¦vm, Zv‡ì AvPvi-AvPiYI cÖ_vi ms‡kvabv‡_© †Zv wZwb AvMgb K‡i‡QbB-Zuvi AvMg‡bi Avi GKwU Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ wQj Agymjgvb‡ì Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi †mŠ›`h©ivwR cÖKvkc~e©K Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Kiv| myZivs, gymjgvb Djvgv‡ì åvšÍ aviYvmg~n `~ixf‚Z Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ GB D‡Ïk¨wUi cÖwZI me©`v Zvi `„wó wbe× _vK‡Zv| wLªóvb I Avh© mgvRx‡ì m‡½ †gvKv‡ejvi m¤^‡Ü Avgiv BwZc~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ cÖKv‡ki c~‡e©I wZwb Aci a‡g©i `k©bmg~‡ni LÛ‡b eû g~jëvb cÖeÜ wjwce× K‡ib| Zv‡ì gnvweÁ cÖavb‡ì m‡½ gyevnvmv K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì‡K wb`k©b cÖ`k©bv‡_© m`v cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb| wKšÍy Zviv wggvsmvi †Kvb cš’vB Aej¤^b K‡ibwb| GLb †kl cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ †kl Avnevb K‡i Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb :

ÒGLb, AewnZ †nvb| †Lv`v ZvAvjvi dh‡j Avgvi Ae¯’v GB †h, Avwg

(1) 1893 mv‡ji 20 †k gv‡”P©i, Bk‡Znv‡ii mvigg©|


ïay Bmjvg‡KB mZ¨ ag© e‡j Rvwb Ges Ab¨ ag©¸‡jv‡K e„_v I AvMv‡Mvov cÖZviYv e‡j g‡b Kwi| Avwg †`‡LwQ, Bmjvg cvj‡bi d‡j Avgvi g‡a¨ †R¨vwZi Drm cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| ïay im~jyjøvn& mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi †cÖ‡gi d‡j Avwg Hkx evK¨vjvc Ges †`vqv Keywjq‡Zi †mB m‡e©v”P gh©v`v jvf K‡iwQ, hv mZ¨ bexi AbyewZ©Zv Qvov Ab¨ †KD jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hw` wn›`y wLªóvb cÖf…wZ ag©vej¤^xiv Zv‡ì wg_¨v Dcvm¨ e¯Íy ev Rxe¸‡jvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cÖvYZ¨vM K‡i, Zey Zviv †mB gh©v`v jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †h Hkx evYx‡K A‡bïv KvíwbK g‡b K‡i, Avwg Zv kÖeY K‡i _vwK| Avgv‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h c„w_ex‡Z ïay BmjvgB mZ¨ Ges Avgvi Kv‡Q Zv cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q †h ÔGB mg¯Í wKQyB nhiZ LvZvg~j Avw¤^qv mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi AbyewZ©Zvi Kj¨v‡Y Zzwg cÖvß n‡qQ Ges hv cÖvß n‡qQ, Zvi `„óvšÍ Ab¨ ag©mg~‡n †bB| KviY †m¸‡jv e„_v|Õ

ÒGLb hw` †Kvb mZ¨v‡š^lx _v‡K- †m wn›`y, A_ev wLªóvb, Avh©, Bû`x, eªvþ, A_ev Ab¨ †hB †nvK, Zvi Rb¨ gnvmy‡hvM Dcw¯’Z| †m Avgvi mv‡_ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ `Ûvqgvb †nvK| hw` †m Mv‡q‡ei (A`„k¨) welqmg~n cÖKvk Ges †`vqv Keyj nIqvi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e Avwg `vwei mv‡_ ejwQ Avgvi hveZxq ¯’vei m¤úwËÑhvi g~j¨ cÖvq `k nvRvi UvKv n‡e- Zv‡K mgc©Y Kie, A_ev †hfv‡e wZwb Pvb, †mfv‡e ¶wZc~iY K‡i Zv‡K cÖ‡eva wè|

we‡klZ: wLªóvb‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ûhyi AvK`vm ej‡jb :

Òhw` Avcbviv e‡jb †h Avcbviv Avgvi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb bv Ges wek¦vwmM‡Yi j¶YI Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z, Z‡e Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi k‡Z© GK c‡¶i †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi KvR †`Lyb Kiæb| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ L¨vZbvgv, †bZ…¯’vbxq Ges RvZxq m¤§vwbZ e¨w³‡ì KZ©e¨ Zuviv mevB A_ev Zuv‡ì †Kvb GKRb Avgvi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡ib Ges cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi ¶gZv bv _vK‡j, gvby‡li Amva¨ †Kvb wμqv `k©‡b Cgvb Avbqb KiZt Ges Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi A½xKv‡i Ave× n‡q Avgvi Kv‡Q wb`k©b `k©‡bi Av‡e`b K‡ib Ges GB A½xKvi‡K gymjgvb wn›`y, wLªóvb, cÖ‡Z¨K a‡g©i PviRb K‡i A_©vr ev‡ivR‡bi cÖgvYmn mv¶¨ m¤^wjZ gyw`ªZ Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡i Avgv‡KI †cÖiY K‡ib| †Lv`v ZvAvjv gvby‡li mva¨vZxZ Zuvi †Kvb Avðh© gwngv


cÖ`k©b Ki‡j Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges MÖnY bv Ki‡j weKí wb`k©b GB n‡e, Avwg Avgvi gnvgvb¨ †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Kie, hv‡Z GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Hme e¨w³i Ici †Kvb fxlY aŸsmvÍK Avc` AeZxY© K‡ib, h_v-Kyô, †ivM: AÜZ¡ A_ev g„Zz¨| hw` GB cÖv_©bv Keyj bv nq, Zvn‡jI me© cÖKvi ¶wZc~iY- hv avh© Kiv nqÑw`‡Z Avwg eva¨ _vKe|

ÒGB GKB kZ© Avh© g‡nv`q‡ì †L`g‡ZI †ck Kiv n‡”Q| hw` Zuviv Zuv‡ì †e`‡K †Lv`v ZvAvjvi evK¨ e‡j Ávb K‡ib Ges Avgv‡ì cweÎ †KZve Kvjvgyjøvn&‡K gvby‡li D™¢vweZ I HkxevYx e‡j cÖPvwiZ wg_¨v iPbv g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e Zuviv †gvKv‡ejvq Dcw¯’Z †nvb| g‡b ivL‡eb Zuviv †gvKv‡ejvi mgq AZ¨šÍ jvwÃZ n‡eb| Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ bvw¯ÍKZv Ges h‡_”QvPvig~jK PvjvwK me©v‡c¶v AwaK| wKšÍy †Lv`vZvAvjv wb`k©b cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb †h, wZwb Av‡Qb|

Òhw` cÖwZ‡hvwMZv bv K‡ib, Z‡e GK Zidv wb`k©b †`Lvi Rb¨ webv k‡Z© Avgvi Kv‡Q Avmyb| †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K Avgvi wb`k©b nIqvi c‡¶ h‡_ó †h, Ggb Avh©Ñwhwb †Kvb wb`k©b `k©b K‡ib- Awej‡¤^ gymjgvb bv n‡j Avwg Zuvi Rb¨ e` †`vqv Kie| Zvici, hw` GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wZwb Kzô, AÜZ¡, ev g„Zzï ˆè wec` Øviv AvμvšÍ bv nb Z‡e me© cÖKvi kvw¯Í †fv‡Mi Rb¨ Avwg cÖ¯ÍyZ AvwQ| Ab¨vb¨ f`ª‡jv‡Ki RbÏ G¸‡jvB kZ©| hw` Avgvi cÖwZ GL‡bv g‡bvwb‡ek bv K‡ib, Z‡e †Lv`v-ZvÕjvi Ôû¾¡rÕ A_©vr cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Dcv‡q †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi c‡¶ cÖej hyw³ `vb mgvß n‡jv| `yt‡Li welq, †Kvb AgymjgvbB GB gyevnvjvi AvnŸvb‡K MÖnY K‡iwb|

ÔevivKvZz`&-†`vqvÕ cÖYqb, 20 GwcÖj 1893 mvj :fviZe‡l©i GKRb cÖwm× D”P gh©v`vm¤úbœ gymwjg †bZv, AvjxMo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZôvZv m¨vi ˆmq` Avn&g` Luv giûg GKRb GKvšÍ gymwjg ì`x I my‡hvM¨ ivR‰bwZK c_cÖ`k©K wQ‡jb| wKšÍy cðvZ¨ fve avivq cÖfvweZ n‡q Zvui GB aviYv R‡š§wQj †h, †`vqv GKwU Dcvmbv gvÎ| G‡Z RvMwZK †Kvb jvf nq bv| Aek¨ ciKv‡j Gi cyY¨ dj cvIqv hv‡e| KviY Avgiv AwaKvsk ¯’‡jB †`L‡Z cvB †h †`vqvi B”Qvbyiƒc dj nq bv| GUvI aviYv wQj †h, ÔInxÕ evBi †_‡K Av‡m


Ggb †Kvb wRwbm bq| Zuvi g‡bi g‡a¨B Gi DrcwË|

cÖKvk _v‡K †h, `yÕwU wek¦vmB AZ¨šÍ mvsNvwZK I Bmjvgx wk¶vi GKvšÍ cwicš’x| GB Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` giû‡gi GB me g‡Zi weiæ‡× ÔevivKvZz`& †`vqvÕ bv‡g GKwU ¶z`ª cy¯ÍK iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z †j‡Lb, m¨vi ˆmq‡ì DwjøwLZ wek¦vm Ggb †h, hvi gva¨‡g mªóv I m„‡ói cvi®úvwiK m¤^Ü G‡Kev‡i wQbœ n‡q hvq| GQvovI, wZwb GB cy¯Í‡K ÔInxiÕ ¯îƒc m¤^‡Ü Zuvi AwfÁZv I ch©‡e¶‡Yi w`K †_‡K GKwU we¯ÍvwiZ e³e¨ wjwce× K‡ib Ges †`vqv Keyj nIqv m¤^‡Ü †jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨ m¤ú‡K© wZwb †h fwel¨ØvYx K‡iwQ‡jb, †`vqv Keyj nIqvi bgybv ¯îƒ‡c Zv Dcw¯’Z K‡i e‡jb :

A_©vr, ÒGB †h ej‡Qv, †`vqvi †Kvb KvR n‡j †Kv_vq? `ªæZ Avgvi Kv‡Q Avm| Avwg †Zvgv‡K wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨vq mZ¨ †`vqvi wμqv cÖ`k©b Kie| mveavb! †Lv`vi Acvi gwngvi inmïvwR A¯^xKvi KwiI bv| Mí Qvo, gÄyi n‡q‡Q, Ggb †`vqvi bgybv Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m †`L|Ó1

GB KweZv c`¸‡jv m¤^wjZ wel‡qi wk‡ivbvgvq wjwLZ Av‡Q A_©vr, ÔKeyj-K…Z †`vqvi bgybvÕ| KviY, ZLb ch©šÍ †jLiv‡gi cÖvY msnvi msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYx c~Y© nqwb|

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex m¤^‡Ü GKwU fwel¨ØvYx :hLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ we‡ivwaZvq mKj weiæ×ev`x‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKZi AMÖMvgx| ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi m¤^‡Ü GKwU ¯^cœ †`‡Lb :

A_©vr, ÒAvwg †`Ljvg GB e¨w³ (A_©vr, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex)

(1) ÔevivKvZz`-†`vqvÕ|


Zuvi g„Zzï Av‡M Avwg †h, gyÕwgb G K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb Ges Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡e †h, wZwb Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi c~e©vbym„Z Kvh© c×wZ †_‡K ZIev K‡i‡Qb| GUv Avgvi ¯^cœ| Avwg Avkv Kwi, Avgvi †Lv`v Zv c~Y© Ki‡eb|Ó1

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB ¯^cœ c~Y© nIqvi Av‡qvRb Avjøvn ZvAvjv Gfv‡e c~Y© Ki‡jb †h, 1913 mv‡j ¸RivbIqvjvi cÖ_g †kÖYxi gyb‡md jvjv †èwKb›`‡bi Avjv`‡Z †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv¶x ¯îƒ‡c ¯^xKvi Ki‡jb :

ÒGB me¸‡jv m¤úª`vqB KziAvb gRx`‡K †Lv`vi Kvjvg e‡j wek¦vm K‡i| G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB KziAv‡bi gZ nvw`mI wek¦vm K‡i| wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` Kvw`qvbx Ôgmxn& I gvn`xÕ nIqvi `vwei mgq †_‡K m¤úªwZ Avn&g`x bvgK Av‡iv GKwU m¤úª`vq Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| GB m¤úª`vqwUI KziAvb I nvw`m IB fv‡eB wek¦vm K‡i| Dc‡ivwjøwLZ †Kvb m¤úª`vq‡KB Avgv‡ì m¤úª`vq G‡Kev‡i ÔKv‡diÕ e‡j bv|Ó2

Avð‡h©i welq GB †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjexB AwZ bMY¨ welq I mvgvb¨ mvgvb¨ K_vq ûhyi‡K ÒKv‡diÓ, ÒAvKdviÓ Ges Av‡iv KZ ARvbv Dcvwamn ¯§iY Ki‡Zb| ¸RivbIqvjvi GK Av`vj‡Z GKRb ¯¿x‡jvK Zvi ¯^vgx Avng`x nIqvi Kvi‡Y ZvjvK PvB‡j evUvjex mv‡ne Av`vj‡Z ÔAvng`xiv gymjgvbÕ e¨vcv‡i cwi®‹vi GB K_v ¯^xKvi K‡ib|

ÔR‡½ gyKvÏvmÕ gyevnvmvi Kvh©weeiYx :ÔR‡½ gyKvÏvmÕ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi IB gyvevnvmv, hv ûhyi AvK`vm 1893 mv‡ji 22 †g †_‡K 5 Ryb ch©šÍ Ag„Zm‡i cv`ªx‡ì mv‡_ K‡iwQ‡jb| IB gyevnvmvi Dcj¶ Ges wKfv‡e Gi Av‡qvRb nq †mB weeiY GKRb cÖZ¨¶`kx© Ag„Zm‡ii Ôwiqv‡R wn›`Õ †cÖ‡mi ¯^Ë¡vwaKvix nhiZ †kL b~i Avn&g` mv‡ne Zvi cÖYxZ Ôb~i Avn&g`Õ cy¯Í‡K Gfv‡e wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| wZwb GKw`b Kvw`qvb kix‡d nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb-

ÒZLb RwÛqvjv †_‡K †Kvb gymjgvb e¨w³ cv›`v‡ni GKwU cÎ nhiZ

(1) ÔBk‡Znvi, Zvs 4Vv †g, 1893 mvj, ÔZejx‡M-wimvjZ,Õ Z…Zxq LÛ, 44 c„:|(2) we¯Í…Z weei‡Yi Rb¨ †`Lyb, ÔAvj-dhj,Õ 1g el©, 35 msL¨v, Zvs 11 †deªæqvwi,

1914 mvj, 3 c„:|


gmxn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi ûhy‡i †cuŠQvj| RwÛqvjvq cv`ªx‡ì GKwU kw³kvjx wgkb wQj| Gi wgkbvixiv evRv‡i IqvR Ki‡Zb| cv›`vn mv‡ne Zuvi wkl¨‡ì‡K BwÄj m¤^‡Ü wKQy cÖkœ wkwL‡q w`‡jb| IB wk‡lïv wLªóvb cÖPviK‡ì mv‡_ ZK© Ki‡Zb Ges cÖkœ Dcw¯’Z K‡i DËi PvB‡Zb| IB wLªóvbiv hyw³ m½Z DËi †`qvq Amg_© n‡q Wvt †nbix gvwU©b K¬v‡K©i Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM Ki‡jv †h gymjgvb cv›`v‡ni wk‡lïv eoB wei³ K‡i| Zv‡ì‡K †Kvbfv‡e †iva Kiv †nvK| †nbix gvwU©b mv‡ne RwÛqvjv Dcw¯’Z n‡jb Ges cv›`vn& mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb †h wZwb Zuvi wkl¨‡ì‡K wLªóvb cÖPviK‡ì weiæ‡× cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| G‡Z †Kvb jvf †bB| †Kvb mfv Avn&evb K‡i †gŠjex‡ì‡K mg‡eZ Kiæb| Z‡eB eySv hv‡e, †Kvb& ag© mZ¨? Ges cÖPviK‡ì‡K hv‡Z wei³ bv K‡i, †m Rb¨ Avcbvi †Q‡j‡ì‡K wb‡la Kiæb| cv›`vn mv‡ne GB cÖ¯Ív‡e ¯^xK…Z n‡jb Ges †gŠjex‡ì‡K cÎ wjL‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb †hb cv`ªx‡ì m‡½ Bmjv‡gi mZ¨Zv wel‡q evnvm Kivi Rb¨ Zuviv RwÛqvjv AvMgb K‡ib| GKwU cÎ wZwb nhiZ gmxn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg‡KI wjL‡jb| Zv Avgvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Kvw`qvb †cuŠQv‡jv| nhiZ AvK`vm GB cÎ cvV K‡i AZ¨šÍ Lywk n‡jb Ges Avgv‡K ej‡jb : Ô†Lv`v-ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU wkKvi cvwV‡q‡Qb| AvRB Avwg Gi DËi wjLwQ|Õ Av‡iv ej‡jb : ÔGKwU cÎ cv›`vn mv‡n‡ei bv‡g Ges GKwU cÎ cv`ªx mv‡ne‡K wjL‡Z n‡e| AwfÁZv †_‡K Rvbv Av‡Q †h, cv`ªx mv‡ne kxNªB DËi w`‡eb Ges cv›`vn& mv‡ne K‡e wjL‡eb, Rvbv †bB|Õ ciw`b Avwg Ag„Zmi P‡j Avmjvg| cv`ªx mv‡ne cÖ¯ÍyZ Av‡Qb e‡j Reve w`‡jb| nhiZ mv‡n‡ei c‡Îi gg© wQj : Ôhw` RwÛqvjv, Ag„Zmi A_ev evUvjvq GB mfv nq, Z‡e Avgiv wbR Li‡P Avme| Kv‡iv Ici fviMÖ¯’ ne bv| hw` Avcbviv Kvw`qvb Av‡mb Ges GLv‡b gyevnvmvi mfv nq, Z‡e Avgiv m¤ú~Y© mdi LiP enb Kie Ges Lvevi BZ¨vw` eë¯’vi `vwqZ¡I MÖnY Kie| Gi DË‡i †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK© wjL‡jb, eë¯’v I civg‡k©i ci Rvbv‡eb GB g‡g© wZwb cv›`vn& mv‡ne‡KI wj‡LwQ‡jb| wgqv cv›`vn& mv‡ne †gŠjex‡ì DËi cvIqvi A‡c¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| G‡Z `yB mßvn AwZevwnZ n‡jv Ges †gŠjex mv‡neiv cv›`vn& mv‡ne‡K cÖZz¨Ë‡i wRÁvmv Ki‡jb Zuv‡ì Rb¨ _vKvi eë¯’v, md‡ii LiP, hvZvqvZ I cvbvnv‡ii wK eë¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q ? mfvi ci Zv‡ì‡K we`vq eve` wK †`qv n‡e ? cv›`vn& mv‡ne nhiZ mv‡ne‡K wjL‡jb : Ô†gŠjfx mv‡neiv cyi¯‹vi Ges mdi LiP `vwe K‡ib| Avwg Mwie †jvK| Avcwb ïay †Lv`vi


mšÍywói Rb¨ KvR K‡ib e‡j Avwg Avcbv‡KB Avmvi Rb¨ Kó wè| †gŠjex‡ì †_‡K wegyL n‡qwQ| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ GKUzI wjjøvwnqZ †bB|Õ hLb nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg GB K_v Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, ZLb wZwb cv`ªx gvwU©b K¬vK©‡K cybivq cÎ wjL‡jb : Ôgyevnvmvi †Kvb ZvwiL wba©vwiZ nIqv DwPZ| Avgvi K‡qKRb eÜz Avcbvi Kv‡Q cvVvjvg| Zuv‡ì mv‡_ gybvhvivi kZ©vejx I ZvwiL cÖf…wZ wggvsmv Kiæb|Õ nhiZ AvK`vm cv›`vn& mv‡ne‡K GKwU cÎ nv‡Z nv‡Z †`qvi Rb¨ BDmyd Lvb‡K cvVv‡jb| G‡Z gyevnvmvi ZvwiL w¯’i Kivi Rb¨ ZvwM` Kiv n‡jv Ges GUvI wRÁvmv Kiv n‡jv cv`ªx‡ì c‡¶ †K gybvhviv Ki‡eb ? BDmyd Lvb cÖ_‡g Avgvi Kv‡Q Avm‡jb| c‡i RwÛqvjv Mgb Ki‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡K mg¯Í Ae¯’v Ly‡j ej‡jb| G‡Z †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi g‡b GB K_vi D‡`ªK Ki‡jb †h, Avwg wM‡q †mB cv`ªx mv‡ne‡K Zvjvm Kwi, wLªóvb‡ì c‡¶ whwb gyevnvmvq Ôgybv‡hiÕ ¯îƒ‡c Dcw¯’Z n‡eb| Avwg wg¯¿x KzZze Øxb mv‡n‡ei †`vKv‡b †Mjvg| Zuv‡K KvR †Q‡o Avgvi m‡½ iIqvbv n‡Z ejjvg| w¯’i n‡jv Avgiv cv`ªx Bgv` DÏx‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡q wRÁvmv Kie, †Kvb& cv`ªx mv‡ne wLªóvb‡ì c‡¶ gybvhvivq Dcw¯’Z n‡eb| wg¯¿x mv‡ne KvR-Kg© Z¨vM K‡i Avgvi m‡½ Pj‡jb| Avgiv `yBRb cv`ªx Bgv`-DwÏ‡bi evwo wM‡q Zuv‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg, †Kvb& cv`ªx mv‡ne evnvm Kivi Rb¨ nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ cÎvjvc K‡i‡Qb ? ZLb wZwb ej‡jb : ÔAe©vPxb †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK©B n‡eÕ| Zv ky‡b Avgiv wgkb nvmcvZv‡j †Mjvg! †mLv‡b †nbix gvwUb K¬vK© mv‡ne †fZ‡ii Kvgivq emv wQ‡jb| wZwb wRÁvmv Ki‡jb : ÔcÖ‡qvRb wK?Õ Avwg ejjvg : ÔRwÛqvjv evnvm mfvi ZvwiL wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ G‡mwQ| nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` mv‡n‡ei gywiìv gybvhvivi mgq Ges kZ©vejx w¯’i Kivi Rb¨ G‡m‡Qb| Zuv‡ì‡K Kvi Kv‡Q, †Kv_vq wb‡q hv‡ev ? wZwb ej‡jb †h Zuvi †Zv GLb Aemi †bB, wZwb md‡i evwni n‡”Qb Ges md‡ii †cÖvMÖvg cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡Qb| Avwg ejjvg : Ô†ek †Zv Avcwb md‡i evwni †nvb|Õ wKšÍy Zvwi‡Li wggvsmv K‡i hvb| GUv gvÎ K‡qK wgwb‡Ui KvR| cv`ªx mv‡ne eû wØavc~e©K ej‡jb : ÔAvcwb Avcbvi †jvK wb‡q Avmyb| Avwg ïay Ava N›Uv mgq w`‡Z cvie| GiB g‡a¨ kZ©vejx w¯’i Kiv n‡e|Õ Avwg †÷k‡b †Mjvg| Kvw`qvb †_‡K †h me eÜz G‡mwQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì mevB‡K †ók‡bB †cjvg| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ nhiZ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx, gybwk †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne dwmn wkqvj‡KvUx Ges gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mv‡ne Kzcyi_jex wQ‡jb|


eÜzMY mevB GKwÎZ nIqvi ci Avgiv weQvbvcÎmn wZb Pvi Mvwo‡Z Av‡ivnY K‡i †mvRv cv`ªx mv‡n‡ei KzwV‡Z †cuŠQvjvg| cv`ªx mv‡ne KzwV‡ZB wQ‡jb| Avgiv hvIqvq, eviv›`vq †Pqvi ivLevi Rb¨ Av`©vjx‡K Av‡`k Ki‡jb Ges wb‡R Ab¨ ìRv w`‡q cv`ªx Ave`yjøvn& Av_‡gi KzwV‡Z †M‡jb| wKQy wej¤^ n‡q co‡j Avgiv Av`©vjx‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg : ÔWv³vi mv‡ne evB‡i Avm‡Qb bv †KbÕ? †m ejj : ÔGLb Avm‡Qb| Av_g mv‡n‡ei KzwV‡Z wM‡q‡Qb|Õ Zv Kv‡QB | gv‡S ïay GKUv iv¯Ív| BwZg‡a¨ Avmi bvgv‡hi mgq n‡jv| KzwVi AvIZvi g‡a¨ GKwU eo eU MvQ wQj| Avgiv mevB Zvi wb‡P evRvgvZ bvgvh cojvg| Wv³vi mv‡ne Av_g mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì wb‡q ej‡jb, Kvw`qvb †_‡K K‡qKRb †jvK gybvhviv mfvi kZ© I ZvwiL w¯’i Ki‡Z G‡m‡Qb| Avcwb G‡m ZvwiL I kZ© w¯’i Kiæb| BwZg‡a¨ RwÛqvjv †_‡K cv›`vn& mv‡neI G‡m †cuŠQv‡jb| Av_g mv‡ne Kv‡b nvZ †i‡L ej‡jb : ÔWv³vi mv‡ne! hw` GKkÕ Ab¨ †gŠjex nZ, Z‡e †Kvb ciIqv wQj bv| Avcwb ev‡Ni †j‡R nvZ w`‡q‡Qb| wgh©v mv‡ne Kvw`qvbxi m¤§yLxb nIqv Ges Zuvi mv‡_ jovB mnR bq| LyeB KwVb KvR| GB AkvwšÍi m„wó Avcwb K‡i‡Qb| AvcwbB Gi myivnv Kiæb| Avwg KL‡bv hve bv|Õ Avwg G‡Z †hvM †è bv|Õ Wv³vi mv‡ne ej‡jb: ÔwLªóvb RvwZi Avcwb exi cvn&‡jvqvb| AvcwbB Zv myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi fimv‡ZB Avwg G Kv‡R nvZ w`‡q‡Q| Avcwb G‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡Qb! Avcbv‡K Aek¨B †hvM`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ G‡ì `yB R‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv `xN© n‡q coj| Wv³vi mv‡ne Av_g mv‡ne‡K m‡½ Avb‡Z Pvw”Q‡jb Avi Av_g mv‡ne ixwZgZ A¯^xKvi K‡iB P‡j‡Qb| Ae‡k‡l, eû K‡ó Wv³vi mv‡ne Av_g mv‡ne‡K dzumwj‡q m‡½ wb‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| `yB R‡bi GB K_vevZ©v Ges K_vevZ©vi cÖK…wZ †WcywU Ave`yjøvn& Av_g mv‡n‡ei gymjgvb Lvbmvgv †_‡K c‡i Rvb‡Z cvwi| hLb `yBR‡bB G‡m †Pqv‡i Avmb MÖnY Ki‡jb, ZLb Av_g mv‡n‡ei gyL †_‡K AÁvZmv‡i kã wb:m„Z n‡jv: Ônvq, Avwg gviv †Mjvg| Zvici, Avwg K_v ïiæ Kijvg : ÔZvwiL BZ¨vw` wggvsmv Kiv KZ©e¨| evnvm KZ w`b Pj‡e? GB evnvm wjwLZfv‡e nIqv PvB| m‡½ m‡½ wjL‡Z n‡e|Õ Zvici, cvi®úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ci ZvwiL wba©vwiZ n‡jv Ges c‡bi w`b evnvm Pj‡e e‡j mve¨¯Í n‡jv| GLei hLb Ag„Zmi I evUvjvi †gŠjexiv Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, ZLb Zuviv Av_g mv‡n‡ei KzwV‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q ej‡jb †h wZwb Ab¨ Djvgv‡ì mv‡_ evnvm Ki‡Z ivwR nbwb †Kb? wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ evnvm Ki‡Z ivwR n‡jb †Kb? Zuv‡K


†Zv Djvgviv Kv‡di e‡jb| Zuvi Ici Ges Zuvi wkl¨‡ì Ici Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv †`qv n‡q‡Q| Av_g mv‡ne BwZc~‡e©B nhiZ mv‡ne‡K fq KiwQ‡jb| wZwb W±i †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK©‡K ej‡Z jvM‡jb : ÔAvwg †Zv c~‡e©B e‡jwQjvg wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ evnvm Kiv mnR bq| ev‡Ni †j‡R nvZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| GLbI cÖvY euvPvevi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| cÖvY i¶v Kiv j¶ gy`ªvi †P‡q †kªq| wgh©v mv‡ne‡K Reve w`b Ges GB †gŠjex‡ì mv‡_ evnvm Aek¨B Kiæb| ¶wZ †bB|Õ Zvici, cv`ªxiv mw¤§wjZfv‡e civgk© K‡i nhiZ mv‡ne‡K wjL‡jb : ÔGLb Ab¨vb¨ †gŠjex mv‡ne evnvm Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ Avcbvi evnv‡mi Rb¨ G‡m Kó Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| KviY Ab¨ gymjgvbiv Avcbv‡K ÔKv‡diÕ g‡b K‡i| G Rb¨ Avcwb Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ DwKj n‡Z cv‡ib bv| GB Kvi‡Y Avgiv †gŠjex‡ì mv‡_ evnvm-gybvhvivi AwfcÖvq K‡iwQ, Avcbvi m‡½ bq|Õ nhiZ AvK`vm Gi DË‡i wjL‡jb : ÔGLb Avcbv‡ì A¯^xKvi Kiv wVK bq| Avcbv‡ì cÎ, cÖwZkÖæwZ I mgw_©Z kZ©vejx Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡Q| myZivs Avcbv‡ì nq evnvm Ki‡Z n‡e, bZzev civRq ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` GB K_v msev`cÎ¸‡jv‡Z cÖKvk K‡ib Ges Avcbv‡ì civRq ¯^xKvi K‡ib, Z‡e Avcbviv †h †gŠjexi m‡½B B”Qv, evnvm Kiæb| Av‡iv wjL‡jb : ÒAvcbviv Avgv‡K Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| GB Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv ïay Avgv‡ì Dc‡iB cÖ‡qvM nqwb| Avcbv‡ì Dc‡iI Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv †`qv n‡q‡Q| †cÖv‡U÷¨v›UMY K¨v_wjK m¤úª`vq‡K Kv‡diB bq, nZ¨v‡hvM¨ e‡j g‡b K‡i| myZivs, AvcbvivI wLªóvb‡Z¡i DwKj n‡Z cv‡ib bv| Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqv Øviv Avgiv Ges Avcbviv mgvb| evnvm †Zv ev¯ÍweK mZ¨-wg_¨v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Kiv n‡eÑmZ¨ wK Avgv‡ì c‡¶ Av‡Q ?-bv, Avcbv‡ì c‡¶ ? G‡Z Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqvi †Kvb mswkøóZv †bB| Avgvi Bmjvg I KziAvb Kix‡gi IKvjwZ Kie, Avcbviv BwÄ‡ji Ki‡eb| Kzd‡ii d‡Zvqvi mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© wK ? gybvhvivq cÖ‡Z¨K c‡¶i cÂvk Rb †jvK gvÎ _vKv mve¨¯Í n‡qwQj| Gi‡P‡q †ewk †Kvb c‡¶B †h‡Z cviZ bv| nhiZ AvK`vm cÖ_g w`b evnv‡mi Rb¨ hvIqvi mgq †kL nv‡g` Avjx mv‡ne‡K GKwU Møvm I GK myivnx cvwb m‡½ †bqvi K_v ej‡jb| Wvt gvwU©b K¬v‡K©i KzwV‡Z †cuŠ‡Q Rvbv †Mj †h eviv›`vq e‡m evnv‡mi kZ©vejx wb®úwË n‡qwQj, †mLv‡bB evnv‡mi eë¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY Gi AvqZb h‡_ó wQj| Wvt †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK© mv‡ne g„š§q cvb-cvÎ I e„n`vKvi Kjm G‡b †i‡LwQ‡jb| Kjm¸‡jv‡Z eid, wgQwi cÖf…wZ †`qv n‡qwQj, hv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì‡K VvÛv


mieZ Øviv Avc¨vwqZ Kiv hvq| GB cÖm‡½ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rb¨ Wv³vi mv‡n‡ei Lvbmvgv GK Møvm eid wgwkÖZ mieZ Avbj| ûhyi ej‡jb : ÔAvgiv Avgv‡ì cvwb G‡bwQ| Avwg Ges Avgvi mv_xiv Ab¨ cvwb cvb Kie bv| Ab¨ gymjgvb hv B”Qv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbv‡ì Ges cv`ªx mv‡ne‡ì g‡a¨ GUv GKUv ag© hy×| Avgv‡ì I Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ kvwšÍ ¯’vwcZ n‡j cvwb cÖf…wZ cv‡b †Kvb evav _vK‡e bv|Õ GB K_v¸‡jv M‡qi- Avn&g`x‡ì‡KI †ek cÖfvevwš^Z Kij| ZuvivI IB cvwb cvb K‡ibwb| Nov¸‡jv Ggwb c‡o iBj| wLªóvbivB IB cvwb cvb Ki‡jb| gymjgvbiv GKwU ¯^Zš¿ K‚c †_‡K cvwb Avb‡jb|

ÒZvici, evnvm ïiæ n‡jv| e³e¨ †jLv ïiæ n‡jv| e³e¨ †jLv n‡j ùvwo‡q cvVK‡ì Zv †kvbv‡bv n‡jv| †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne (ivwh Avjøvû Avb&û) nhiZ AvK`v‡mi e³e¨ †kvbvevi Rb¨ ùvov‡jb| cÖ_‡g Ôm~iv dv‡ZnvÕ cvV Ki‡Zb| c‡i e³e¨ GK GKwU kã 2/3 evi cvV Ki‡jb| Wvt †nb&ix gvwU©b K¬vK© ej‡jb : Ô†`Lyb mv‡ne, GKevi †jLv n‡q‡Q| Avcwb evi evi cvV K‡ib †Kb?Õ wKšÍy wZwb åƒ‡¶c Ki‡jb bv Ges Gfv‡eB cvV Ki‡jb| †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuv‡K Ava¨vwZ¥K AšÍ`„©wó- Ôiænvbx ewmiZÕ- w`‡qwQ‡jb| GK GKwU k‡ãi Øviv wZwb Avb›` jvf Ki‡jb Ges Zš§q n‡q cvV Ki‡Zb| cv`ªx mv‡neMY wPrKvi Ki‡Zb| wZwb mvb›` wP‡Ë Zv K‡i †h‡Zb| Avwg †`Ljvg †NivIi evB‡i kZ kZ †jvK ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q| Avwg ùvwo‡q wb‡e`b Kijvg : Ôeû †jvK GB evnvm †kvbvi Rb¨ D`&MÖxe| GK wecyj RbZv evB‡i ùvov‡bv Av‡Q| KzwV‡Z GK GK c‡¶i cÂvk Rb e¨w³ gvÎ Avmvi AbygwZ Av‡Q| wUwKU Øviv cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z| GRb¨ Avwg PvB cÖwZw`b Dfq c‡¶i evnv‡mi wjwLZ e³e¨¸‡jv Avwg Qvwc‡q wè|Õ nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb Zuvi c¶ †_‡K AbygwZ cÖ`Ë n‡jv| mZK©Zv ekZ: cv`ªx mv‡ne‡ì‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg Zv‡ì gZ wK? ZLb Av_vg mv‡ne g„`y ¯^‡i ej‡jb Zuv‡ì c‡¶iI m¤§wZ Av‡Q| myZivs, Avwg cÖwZw`b Dfq c‡¶iB e³e¨¸‡jv Qvwc‡q w`Zvg| †jv‡Kiv Zv μq KiZ|

ÒGB cÖKv‡i c‡bi w`b gyevnvmv n‡jv| gmxni Ck¦i‡Z¡i LÛ‡b nhiZ AvK`vm wjL‡jb :

ÒGKRb `ye©j, ¶gZvnxb gvbyl‡K Avcbviv †Lv`vi Avmb w`‡”Qb| wZwb GKRb ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki M‡f© bq gvm hveZ evm K‡i FZzi i‡³ Rxeb aviYc~e©K


Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY †jv‡Ki gZB Rš§MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Ggb e¨w³I wK †Lv`v n‡Z cv‡ib ? cv`ªx mv‡n‡eiv GB K_v¸‡jv ï‡b D‡V ùvov‡jb Ges ej‡Z jvM‡jb Zuviv cÖfz whï wLªó m¤^‡Ü Gai‡bi K_v ïb‡Z Pvb bv| wgh©v mv‡ne Zv‡ì AšÍ‡i QywiKvNvZ K‡i‡QbÑZuv‡ì ¯‹‡Ü Zievwi Pvwj‡q‡Qb| GB e‡j Zuviv gyevnvmvi mfv Z¨vM Ki‡Z cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡jb| GB `„k¨ †`‡L nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb : ÔGiv †Zv GLb cjvqb Ki‡eb| hv wjLvw”Q, wjL‡Z _vKzb| Ae¯’v †`‡L cv`ªx gvwU©b K¬vK© ej‡jb : Avwg †f‡ewQjvg gymjgvbiv †Mvjgvj Ki‡e| Ae¯’v Gi wecixZ, wLªóv‡bivB †Mvjgvj ïiæ K‡i‡QÕ| wZwb wLªóvb‡ì‡K em‡Z ej‡jb| Av‡iv ej‡jb : ÔGLb hvIqvi †Kvb A_© †bB| GLb Kg©ZrciZvi mgq| mevB emyb| e¯ÍyZ:, whïi Ck¦iZ¡ nhiZ AvK`vm Ggbfv‡e LÛb Ki‡jb †h wLªóvb‡ì †Kvb DËi _vK‡jv bv|

gybvhvivi Kvh©weeiYx ÔR‡½ gyKvÏvmÕ whwbB cvV Ki‡eb, Avcbv-Avcwb wZwbB m¤ú~Y© Ae¯’v ÁvZ n‡eb| Av_g mv‡ne wbiæËi n‡q Zuvi e³‡e¨ Zv wjL‡Z eva¨ n‡jb †h gmxn& 30 eQi ch©šÍ mvaviY gvbyl iƒ‡cB wQ‡jb| hLb Zuvi Ici iæûj Kz`ym bv‡hj n‡jb, ZLb wZwb ÔCk¦‡ii weKvkÕ- Ôgvh&nviæjøvn&Õ (Manifestation of God) e‡j AwfwnZ n‡jb| Gi Rev‡e nhiZ AvK`vm wjL‡jb : ÔAvgivI †Zv GUvB ewj| gmxn& gvbyl I bex wQ‡jb| hLb †Kvb gvby‡li Ici iæûj Kz`ym bv‡hj nb, ZLb wZwb Avjøvn&i cÖKvk¯’j ev bex nb|Õ GB K_v ï‡b wLªóvb‡ì gyL weeY© n‡jv| †nb&ix gvwU©b mv‡ne Aw¯’i n‡q co‡jb| Av_g mv‡neI weeªZ n‡jb| wLªóv‡biv Zr¶Yvr ej‡jb : ÔAv_g mv‡ne, Avcwb GwK wj‡L‡Qb ?Õ ZLb Av_g mv‡ne ej‡jb, wZwb Avi wK wjL‡eb! hv wjLvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj, wj‡L‡Qb| Av_g mv‡ne Av‡iv ej‡jb, wZwb Amy¯’| Zuv‡K Qvov †nvK, wZwb hv‡”Qb| Zuviv hv Pvb, wjL‡Z cv‡ib|

ÒcvVKMY Ô R‡½ gyKvÏv‡miÕ Qwe †_‡K GLbKvi mg¨K Ae¯’v ü`q½g Ki‡Z cv‡ib| m‡Zï †ZR Av_g mv‡n‡ei Ici Rq jvf Kij| wZwb Amy¯’ n‡q co‡jb| wKšÍy †klw`b¸‡jv‡Z wLªóvb‡ì Zvobvq eva¨ n‡q Avm‡Z jvM‡jb| gv‡S GKw`b †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK© evnv‡mi Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ n‡q Gw`K †mw`‡Ki K_vq †Kvb g‡Z w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡jb|Ó1

(1) wimvjv Ôb~i Avng`,Õ 20-32 c„:|


†WcywU Ave`yjøvn& Av_g gyevnvmvi kZ© f½ K‡ib :gyevnvmvi Ab¨Zg kZ© wQj, Dfqc¶ Zuv‡ì `vwe I `wjj ¯^ ¯^ Bj&nvgx wKZve KziAvb gRx` Ges evB‡ej †_‡K †ck Ki‡eb| wKšÍy cv`ªx mv‡ne GB kZ© †gv‡UB cvjb K‡ibwb| Ggb wK, nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi †kl cÖe‡Ü †jLv‡jb :

ÒAvgvi AwZkq `y:L nq, †h me k‡Z© evnvm ïiæ Kiv n‡qwQj, IB me k‡Z©i cÖwZ †WcywU mv‡ne GKUzI j¶¨ iv‡Lbwb| kZ© wQj Avwg †hgb Avgvi cÖ‡Z¨K `vwei cÖgvY KziAvb kix‡di †hŠw³K `wjjmg~n Øviv Dcw¯’Z Kwi, †WcywU mv‡neI †Zgwb Ki‡eb| wKšÍy wZwb †Kv_vI G kZ© cvjb K‡ibwb|Ó1

GKwU Avðh© NUbv :gyevnvmvi mgq GKw`b wLªóv‡biv †Mvc‡b GKwU AÜ GKwU ewai Ges GKwU LÄ‡K gyevnvmvi ¯’v‡b G‡b GKw`‡K ewm‡q ivLj| Zvici, Zv‡ì e³…Zvq nhiZ AvK`vm‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ejj : ÔAvcwb gmxn& nIqvi `vwe K‡ib| wbb& GB AÜ, ewai I LÄ e¨w³iv Av‡Q| gmxni gZ Zv‡ì‡K ®úk© K‡i Av‡ivM¨ Kiæb|Õ gxi mv‡ne2 e‡jb, Zuviv mevB ZLb Aw¯’i n‡jb, †`Lv hvK&, nhiZ mv‡ne GLb wK DËi K‡ib| Zvici, nhiZ mv‡ne Zuvi DËi †jLv‡Z wM‡q ej‡jb : ÒAvwg †Zv GK_v wek¦vm Kwi bv †h, gmxn& GBfv‡e ®úk© K‡i AÜ, ewai I LÄ‡ì‡K fv‡jv Ki‡Zb| GRb¨ Avgvi Kv‡Q Zv `vwe Kivi †Kvb hyw³ †bB| Aek¨, Avcbviv gmx‡ni gy‡Rhv GBfv‡e wek¦vm K‡ib| c¶všÍ‡i, Avcbviv GUvI wek¦vm K‡ib, †h e¨w³i g‡a¨ GKwU mwilvi cwigvY Bgvb _vK‡e, †m IB mg¯ÍB cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e, hv gmxn& cÖ`k©b K‡ib| myZivs, Avwg Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q eoB K…ZÁ| Avcbviv Avgv‡K AÜ, ewai I LÄ‡ì‡K Zvjvm Kiv †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Qb| GLb Avcbv‡ì Dcnvi Avcbv‡ìB mvg‡b ivLv n‡jv| GB AÜ, ewai I LÄ Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi Av‡Q| hw` Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU mwilvi cwigvY Bgvb _v‡K, Z‡e gmx‡ni ixwZ Abymv‡i Avcbviv G‡ì‡K Av‡ivM¨

(1) R‡½ gyKvÏvmÕ|(2) A_©vr nhiZ Wv: gxi gynv¤§` BmgvCj mv‡ne giûg (ivwh Avjøvû Avbû) nhiZ

LwjdvZzj gwmn mvbx AvB‡q¨`vûjøvû ZvAvjvi eo gvgy|


Kiæb|Ó gxi mv‡ne e‡jb †h, nhiZ mv‡ne Zv ejv gvÎ cv`ªx‡ì ûuk D‡o †Mj| Zuviv m‡¼Zc~e©K Zr¶Yvr Zv‡ì‡K †mLvb †_‡K we`vq Ki‡jb|1

cv`ªx Ave`yjøvn& Av_g m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx :†kl cÖe‡Ü nhiZ AvK`vm Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi Av‡`‡k cv`ªx Ave`yjøvn& Av_g m¤^‡Ü GKwU fwel¨ØvYx †NvlYv K‡ib| Zv GB :

ÒAvR iv‡Z Avgvi Kv‡Q hv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡”Q, Avwg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ûhy‡i hLb eû KvbœvKvwU K‡i †`vqv Kijvgt ÔZzwg GB wel‡qi wggvsmv Ki| Avgiv `ye©j ev›`v| †Zvgvi wggvsmv e¨ZxZ wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bv|Õ ZLb wZwb Avgv‡K mymsev` ¯îƒc GB wb`k©b w`‡jb †h, GB evnv‡m c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ †h c¶ B”QvK…Z fv‡e AmZ¨‡K eiY Ki‡Q, mZ¨ †Lv`v‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Q Ges `ye©j gvbyl‡K †Lv`v wba©viY Ki‡Q, †mB c¶ gyevnvmvi w`K †_‡K GB me w`‡bB A_©vr w`b cÖwZ GK gvm wnmv‡e, A_©vr c‡bi gv‡mi g‡a¨ ÔnvweqvqÕ wbw¶ß n‡e Ges AZ¨šÍ jvwÃZ n‡e, hw` m‡Zï w`‡K wd‡i bv Av‡m Ges †h e¨w³ m‡Zï Ici Av‡Q Ges mZ¨ †Lv`v‡K gv‡b Gi gva¨‡g Zvi m¤§vb cÖKvwkZ n‡e Ges hLb GB fwel¨ØvYx c~Y© n‡e, †Kvb †Kvb AÜ `„wó wd‡i cv‡e, †Kvb †Kvb LÄ Pj‡Z ïiæ Ki‡e Ges †Kvb †Kvb ewai kÖeY kw³ jvf Ki‡e|Ó2

GB fwel¨ØvYxi KviY m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb, wLªóvb ZvwK©K †WcywU Ave`yjøvn& Av_g ÔAv›ìæbv evB‡ejÕ bvgK GKwU eB wj‡LwQ‡jb| †mB eB‡Z wZwb Avu nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg‡K (bvDhywejøv‡n wgb&hv‡jKv) Ò`v¾vjÓ wj‡LwQ‡jb Ges Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ we`ªæcvZ¥K KUv¶ K‡iwQ‡jb| hLb nhiZ AvK`vm fwel¨ØvYxi mv‡_ Zv‡K GUvI ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡jb, ÒwZwb Zr¶Yvr wRnŸv Kvgo w`‡jb| Kv‡b nvZ w`‡jb| †Pnviv weeY© n‡jv| †PvL mv`v n‡q †Mj Ges gv_v euvwK‡q ej‡jb wZwb †Zv Ggb wj‡Lbwb|Ó3

A_P, wZwb Zv wj‡LwQ‡jb| wKšÍy fwel¨ØvYxi f‡q e¨vKzj n‡q wZwb

(1) ivIqvBqvZÕ bs 176, wmivZzj-gvn`x,Õ cÖ_g LÛ, 191-92 c„ôv, nhiZ Wv: gxi gynv¤§` BmgvBj mv‡ne †_‡K ewY©Z|

(2) ÔR‡½ KvÏmÕ(3) wimvjvn g~i-Avng`,Õ 32 c„:|


AÁvZmv‡i ej‡jb wZwb Ò`v¾vjÓ e‡jbwb|

ÒAb¨ K_vq, †mB mg‡qB wZwb m‡Zï w`‡K cÖZ¨vMgb cÖ`k©b Ki‡jb| Zvici, g„Zzï gyn~Z© ch©šÍ GKwU kãI Bmjvg ev Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi weiæ‡× e‡jbwb| Av_‡gi cwiYwZ Ges GB Bj&nvgx fwel¨ØvYxi m¤ú~Y© Z‡_ï Rb¨ ÔAvbIqviæj&-BmjvgÕ Ges ÔAvÄv‡g-Av_gÕ cvV Kiæb|Ó1

gyevnvmvi mgq eqAvZ :Ag„Zm‡i nhiZ †kL b~i Avng` mv‡ne Ges nhiZ wg¯¿x KzZze Øxb mv‡ne †Zv Av‡M †_‡KB Avn&g`x wQ‡jb| GLb gyevnvmvi mg‡q nhiZ wgquv bex eLk mv‡ne widzMi Ges nhiZ Kvwh Avgxi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne †fiæexI eqAvZ Ki‡jb| nhiZ Kvwh mv‡ne GKRb AZ¨šÍ cweÎ wPÎ, †ebvd&m cyiæl wQ‡jb| wZwb nvw`m kv‡¯¿i GKRb weÁ Av‡jg wQ‡jb| Zuvi eqAvZ Kivq †gŠjex‡ì g‡a¨ fxlY Av‡jvPbv m„wó n‡jv| cÖ‡Z¨K gnjøvq nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× we‡lv`Mvi ïiæ n‡jv Ges cÖPvi Pjj, †hb †Kvb e¨w³ Òwgh©viÓ IqvR kyb‡Z bv hvq| b‡Pr Zuvi wkKvi n‡q co‡e| GB cÖKvi bvbv K_vi †Rvi cÖPviYv Pjj Ges Ab¨ †jv‡Ki gva¨‡g nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z cqMvg Avm‡Z jvMj †h †gŠjex mv‡ne‡ì mv‡_ evnvm Kiæb| ûhyi ej‡jb: ÒcÖ_‡g wLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ evnvm †kl Ki‡Z w`b| c‡i Bb&kv- Avjøvn&, Avcbv‡ì m‡½I evnvm Kie|Ó

ÔgyevnvjvÕ †_‡K †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexi cjvqb Ges †gŠjex Ave`yj nK MRbexi Dcw¯’wZ :Òevnv‡mi †k‡l †gŠjexiv cybivq Av‡›`vjb ïiæ Ki‡jb : ÔwLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ evnvm †kl n‡q‡Q| GLb Avg‡ì mv‡_ evnvm Kiæb|Õ jv‡nvi †_‡K †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjexI GKwU Bk‡Znvi GB g‡g© †cÖiY Ki‡jb wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔgyevnvjvÕ Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Ag„Zmi Avm‡Qb| ïay gyevnvjv n‡e| †Kvb e³…Zv n‡e bv| nhiZ mv‡ne Gi DË‡i GKwU Bk&‡Znv‡i wj‡L †NvlYv Ki‡jb †h †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex KLbI

(1) Ôwimvjvn g~i-Avng`Õ 32 c„:|(2) wimvjvn Ôb~i Avng`,Õ 32-33 c„:|


Zuvi mv‡_ ÔgyevnvjvÕ Ki‡eb bv Ges Zuvi mvg‡b ch©šÍ Dcw¯’Z n‡eb bv| ciw`b †gŠjex Ave`yj nK MRbexi mv‡_ gyevnvjv nIqvi K_v wQj| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb Ag„Zmi †cuŠQ‡jb| C`Mv‡n weivU RbmgvMg n‡jv| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qbI GB RbmgvR †_‡K †ek `~‡i ùvwo‡q wKQy e³…Zv Ki‡jb| †jv‡Kiv g‡b K‡iwQj e³…Zvi ci †gŠjex mv‡ne gyevnvjv Ki‡eb hwÌ wgh©v mv‡ne wj‡L‡Qb wZwb Zuvi mvg‡b gyevnvjvi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡eb bvÑwKšÍy wZwb †Zv G‡m‡Qb| wZwb hLb Ava N›Uv wK †cŠ‡b N›Uv e³…Zv Ki‡jb, ZLb †gŠjex Ave`yj nK MRbex Ges Zvi wklïv, Zv‡ì †gŠjex‡ì civg‡k© ÔgyevnvjviÕ Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡jb|Ó1

GB gyevnvjvq †gŠjex Ave`yj nK MRbex wb‡Ri m¤^‡Ü †KvbB K_v D”PviY Ki‡jb bv| wKšÍy nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Rb¨ K‡Vvi n‡Z K‡VviZi kã eënvi Ki‡jb Ges Mvwj-MvjvR Øviv imbv Z…ß Ki‡Z †KvbB Kmyi evwK ivL‡jb bv| Gi Rev‡e nhiZ AvK`vm ïay GB K_v¸‡jv ej‡jb :

ÒAvwg GB †`vqv Kie †h, Avgvi cÖYxZ hZ eBcy¯ÍK Av‡Q, Zvig‡a¨ †KvbwUI †Lv`v I imyj mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi ewY©Z wel‡qi we‡ivax bq Ges Avwg Kv‡di bB| hw` Avgvi wKZve¸‡jv †Lv`v Ges imyj mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi ev‡Kï we‡ivax Ges Kzd‡i cwic~Y© n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e †Lv`v ZvAvjv †mB ÔjvbZÕ I ÔAvhveÕ Avgvi Ici bv‡hj Kiæb hv c„w_exi Avw` †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ †Kvb Kv‡di, †eCgv‡bi Ici K‡ibwb Ges Avcbviv ÔAvgxbÕ ejyb| KviY hw` Avwg Kv‡di-bvDhywejøvn&-Bmjvg ag© †_‡K gyiZv` Ges †eCgvb n‡q _vwK, Z‡e †bnvr Lvivc Avhv‡e Avgvi g„Zz¨B †kÖq| Avwg GB cÖKvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ mnmª g‡b bvivR| Avi hw` Ggb bv n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e †Lv`v-ZvAvjv Zuvi c¶ †_‡K mZ¨ dqmvjv K‡i w`‡eb| wZwb Avgvi ü`qI †`L‡Qb Ges weiæ×ev`x‡ì ü`qI †`‡L‡Qb|Ó

cÖZ¨¶`wk©iv e‡jb, hLb ûhyi GB K_v¸‡jv D”PviY KiwQ‡jb, ZLb GK AZ¨vðh© wb¯ÍäZvi m„wó n‡qwQj Ges AÁvZmv‡i †jv‡Ki D”P K‡Ú μ›`‡bv”Q¡vm †kvbv hvw”Qj|

(1) wimvjvn Ôb~i Avng`,Õ 32-33 c„:|


nv‡dR gynv¤§` BqvKze mv‡n‡ei ÔeqAvZÕ :nhiZ AvK`vm ZL‡bv Zuvi †`vqv †kl K‡ibwb| MRbex‡ì GKRb gyix`, †mP wefv‡Mi †Rjv`vi nv‡dR gynv¤§` BDmyd mv‡n‡ei †R¨ô åvZv nv‡dR gynv¤§` BqvKzK mv‡ne wPrKvi ï‡b Kvbœv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nhiZ AvK`v‡mi c`g~‡j cwZZ n‡q ej‡jb, ÒAvcwb Avgvi ÔeqAvZ Keyj KiæbÓ| nhiZ AvK`vm ej‡jb, gyevnvjv †_‡K c„_K n‡q eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡eb| GB `„k¨ †`‡L MRbex †gŠjexiv Ges Zv‡ì †Pjviv nZeyw× n‡q co‡jb| KviY Zuviv Abyfe Ki‡jb gyevnvjvi d‡j GUv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖ_g weRq wQj| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex †Zv Avjøvn&-B Rv‡bb †Kv_vq Mv‡qe n‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb †jv‡Kiv wbwðZfv‡e eyS‡Z cvij †h, nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei evK¨ mdj n‡q‡Q| wZwb h_v_©B e‡jwQ‡jb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne mvg‡bB Avm‡e bv| hv †nvK, GBfv‡e gyevnvjv †kl n‡jv Ges nhiZ AvK`vm N‡i wd‡i †M‡jb|

GB gyevnvjvi cÖwZwμqv : GB gyevnvjvi d‡j wK cÖwZwμqv n‡qwQ‡jv? nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi wKZve ÔAvÄv‡g Av_‡gÕ `kwU welq eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| hvi gva¨‡g GUvB cÖwZfvZ nq †h, †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB gyevnvjvi ci nhiZ AvK`vm‡K Amxg Ava¨vwZ¥K I Hkx Avwk‡mi Øviv cyi¯‹…Z K‡i‡Qb| wb‡¤œ Avgiv nhiZ AvK`v‡miB fvlvq IB `kwU wel‡qi mvigg© cÖ`vb KiwQ :

1) ÒAv_g m¤^‡Ü †h fwel¨ØvYx Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv fwel¨ØvYxi cÖK…Z A‡_© c~Y© n‡q‡Q|

2) gyevnvjvi ci †h welq Avgvi m¤§v‡bi KviY n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv IB me Aviwe MÖš’ mgwó, hv weiæ×ev`x †gŠjex Ges cv`ªx‡ì‡K jvwÃZ Kivi Rb¨ wjwLZ n‡qwQj|

3) gyevnvjvi Av‡M h_vm¤¢e wZb Pvi kÕ †jvK wQ‡jb Ges gyevnvjvi ci GLb AvU nvRv‡ii AwaK IB me e¨w³ Av‡Qb, huviv GB c‡_ cÖvY w`‡Z m`v cÖ¯ÍyZ|

4) gyevnvjvi ci Avgvi m¤§vb e„w×i PZz_© welq n‡jv ighvb gv‡m P›`ª I m~h© MÖnY| †Lv`v ZvAvjv gyevnvjvi ci GB m¤§vbI Avgv‡K w`‡q‡Qb|

5) gyevnvjvi ci Avgvi m¤§v‡bi cÂg welq n‡jv KziAv‡bi Ávb m¤úwK©Z


ÔBrgv‡g n¾vI cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK P‚ovšÍ cÖgvY| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ Kv‡iv mva¨ †bB †h, Avgvi †gvKv‡ejv KziAvb kix‡di ZË¡ivwR-nvKv‡qK- gyIqvwid-eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

6) gyevnvjvi ci lô welq hv Avgvi m¤§v‡bi KviY n‡q‡Q Ges Ave`yj nK MRbexi jvÃbvi KviY n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv GB †h, Ave`yj nK gyevnvjvi c‡i Bk&‡Znvi w`‡qwQj †h, Zvi cyÎ Rš§MÖnY Ki‡e Ges AvwgI †Lv`v ZvAvjvi †_‡K Bjnvg †c‡q GB Bk‡Znvi ÔAvbIqviæj Bmjv‡gÕ cÖKvwkZ K‡iwQjvg †h Avgv‡K cyÎ `vb Ki‡eb| †m Abyhvqx †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi AbyMÖ‡n I Amxg K…cvq Avgvi M„‡n †Zv cyÎ mšÍvb Rš§ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Zvi bvg Ôkixd Avng`Õ| GLb Ave`yj nK‡K Aek¨B wRÁvmv Ki‡Z n‡e †h Zvi cyÎ †Kv_vq ?

7) GB gyevnvjvi ci †h welq Øviv Avgvi m¤§vbI †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q Keyj nIqv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡”Q †Lv`v ZvAvjvi mZ¨civqY e¨w³‡ì AvšÍwiK Drmvn DÏxcbv hv Zvuiv Avgvi †mev‡_© cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb| †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi IB me AbyMÖ‡ni †kvKi Kivi ¶gZv Avgvi KL‡bv n‡e bv hv Ava¨vwZ¥K I Hk¦wiK wn‡m‡e GB gyevnvjvi ci Avwg †c‡qwQ|

Ava¨vwZ¥K AbyMÖnivwRi `„óvšÍ eY©bv KiwQ| A_©vr, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi GB fvlv-Ávb Avgv‡K ïay ÔGRvhÕ ¯iƒ‡c-A‡jŠwKKfv‡e `vb K‡i‡Qb| Gi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †KejgvÎ Ave`yj nK †Kb, weiæ×ev`x mevB jvwÃZ n‡q‡Q| †h me Hk¦wiK m¤ú` gyevnvjvi ci cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv IB me Avw_©K weRq, hv GB ì‡ek Lvbvi Rb¨ †Lv`v-ZvAvjv Dš§y³ K‡i‡Qb| gyevnvjvi w`b †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ cÖvq c‡bi nvRvi ÔdZzûj&-Mv‡qeÔ, Z_v A`„k¨ welqvejxi UvKv G‡m‡Q GB wmj&wmjvi ÔiveŸvbx e¨q Lv‡ZÕ LiP Kiv n‡q‡Q|

8) Aóg welq n‡jv Ômr-ePbÕ cy¯ÍK cÖYqb| GB cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ †Lv`v-ZvAvjv Avgv‡K IB mg¯Í mvgMÖx `vb K‡i‡Qb, hv wZb kZ eQi a‡i Kv‡iv KíbvqI Av‡mwb|

9) beg welq, GB mg‡q cÖvq AvU nvRvi e¨vw³ Avgvi nv‡Z eqAvZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| myZivs, Avwg wbwðZfv‡e Rvwb †h GZRb Av`g mšÍv‡bi ZIevi gva¨g Avgv‡K mZ¨ cÖwZcbœ Kiv Zv †Lv`vi ìMv‡n Keyj nIqvi wb`k©b-hv †Lv`v-ZvAvjvi mšÍywó AR©‡bi c‡iB gvÎ jvf n‡q _v‡K|


10) jv‡nv‡ii ag© gnvm‡¤§jb `kg welq| GB m‡¤§jb m¤^‡Ü Avgvi AwaK †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †h cÖKv‡i Ges †h Ôbyivwbq‡Zi KeywjqZÕ A_©vr Avjøvn&i ìMv‡n M„nxZ nIqvi †h Ava¨vwZ¥K †R¨vwZwe©Kvk Avgvi e³e¨ cv‡Vi mgq n‡q‡Q Ges †hfv‡e AvšÍwiK Drmvnmn †jv‡Kiv Avgv‡K I Avgvi e³e¨‡K gnvkÖ×vi P‡L †`‡L‡Q, Avgvi we¯Í„Zfv‡e eY©bv Kivi †KvbB cÖ‡qvRb †bB| mevB wb‡R wb‡RB gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h GB e³e¨ bv n‡j gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb cÖf…wZi Kvi‡Y Bmjvg nvév n‡q coZ|Ó

Ag„Zmix †gŠjex Rvb gynv¤§` gmwR‡ì wb¤œ K‡¶ AvZ¥‡Mvcb :c~‡e©v³ gyevnvjvi ci nhiZ AvK`&vm †gŠjex‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Bk&‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡i †NvlYv Ki‡jb :

ÒGLb Avwg wLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ gyevnvmv †_‡K c„_K n‡qwQ| AvR †_‡K wZb w`b ch©šÍ Avwg GLv‡b _vKe| hw` †Kvb †gŠjex Avgvi mv‡_ evnvm Ki‡Z Pvb, wZwb †h †Kvb ¯’vb g‡bvbxZ K‡i evnvm Kiæb| Ggb †hb bv nq †h cieZ©x‡Z Ôcjvqb K‡i‡Q e‡j †kvi‡Mvj K‡i|Ó

ÒnhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB Bk&‡Znv‡ii d‡j †gŠjex mv‡neMY Ggwb fxZ n‡jb †h, †KD gv_v Zz‡jbwb| G‡Z Ag„Zm‡ii iBm LvRv gynv¤§` BDmyd mv‡ne †gŠjex‡ì ej‡jb : ÔGLb Avcbviv evnvm Ki‡Qb bv †Kb ? wgh©v mv‡ne evnvm Ki‡Z m¤§Z n‡q‡Qb| wgh©v mv‡ne P‡j hvIqvi ci Avcbviv GB e‡j wPrKvi Ki‡eb †h wgh©v mv‡ne cjvqb K‡i‡Qb Ges Ag„Zm‡ii Djvgv‡ì mv‡_ evnvm K‡ibwb|Õ Djvgviv DËi w`‡jb ‡h Zuviv evnvm Ki‡eb e‡j civgk© K‡i‡Qb|Ó1

Ò†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne †gŠjex‡ì‡K fq cÖ`k©b Ki‡jb †h, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb †gŠjexB wgh©v mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ evnvm Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| wZwb Aí‡ZB Zuv‡ì‡K Kvey K‡i †dj‡eb| `yB GKUv cÖ‡kœi cÖZz¨Ë‡iB †gŠjex mv‡ne‡ì gyL eÜ n‡q hv‡e| †Kvb IRic~e©K evnvm Gov‡bvB m‡e©vËg| Zvici, Ag„Zm‡ii mKj Djvgv-†gŠjex Ave`yj RveŸvi mv‡ne MRbex cÖgyL MRbexMY, †gŠjex iæmyj evev I †gŠjex †Mvjvgyjøvn& K‡mŠix cÖf…wZ cÖwm× I A‡bK AcÖwm× †gŠjexMY gynv¤§` Rvb

(1) Ôb~i Avng`Õ 33 c„:|


gmwR‡ì wb‡Pi GK K‡¶ e‡m gyqvh&whb‡K ej‡jb iæ‡gi ìRvq Zvjv w`‡q Pvwe †hb Zvi Kv‡Q iv‡L| †gŠjex iæmyj evev ej‡jb : Ô†KD wRÁvmv Ki‡j ej‡e, Ô†Kv_vI wbgš¿‡Y wM‡q‡Qb, wej‡¤^ Avm‡ebÕ| LvRv gynv¤§` BDmyd mv‡ne GB gR&wR‡` †gŠjex‡ì †LuvR Ki‡Z Avm‡jb| gyqvh&whb‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb †gŠjex mv‡nevb †Kv_vq ? †m ejj, Ô`vIqv‡Z wM‡q‡QbÕ| Zvici, Rbve LvRv mv‡ne †gŠjex Ave`yj ReŸvi mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z †M‡jb| †mLv‡bI cÖZz¨Ëi Kiv n‡jv †h, `vIqv‡Z wMqv‡Qb| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔGLv‡b †KD †bB ? AvR evnvm Kivi w`b wQj| wgh©v mv‡ne P‡j †M‡j †gŠjexiv wPrKvi Ki‡eb| Ôhv‡nvK, GB e‡j wZwb †mLvb †_‡K Avevi gynv¤§` Rv‡bi gm&wR‡ì w`‡K Avm‡j nVvr †KD ejj me †gŠjex GB gmwR‡ì wb‡Pi K‡¶ Av‡Qb Ges ìRvq evwni †_‡K Zvjv †`qv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z †KD mÜvb bv cvq| gyqvh&whb‡K LvRv mv‡ne cybivq wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ô†gŠjfx mv‡neiv †Kv_vq?Õ gyqvh&whb Avevi ejj, Ô`vIqv‡Z wM‡q‡Qb|Õ LvRv mv‡ne wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, ÔKvi evwo‡ZÕ ? GB cÖ‡kœi DË‡i mf‡q †m ejj, Rv‡b bv| G‡Z LvRv mv‡ne Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb, Ôgm&wR‡ì bx‡Pi iæ‡gi Pvwe Zvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q wKbv ? †m ejj, Av‡Q| LvRv mv‡ne ej‡jb Pvwe ÔAvbÕ| †m Zuv‡K Pvwe w`j| LvRv mv‡ne K‡¶i Ly‡j wfZ‡i wM‡q †`L‡jb mg¯Í †gŠjexivB K‡¶ emv| †gŠjex‡ì †Pnviv weeY© n‡q †Mj| Zuviv Kuvc‡Z jvM‡jb| LvRv mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÔAvR evnv‡mi w`b|Õ Avcbviv GLv‡b AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i Av‡Qb| AvMvgxKvj wgh©v mv‡ne P‡j hv‡eb| ZLb evnvm Kvi m‡½ n‡e ?Õ †gŠjexiv AcÖwZf n‡q ej‡jb Zviv civgk© Ki‡Qb| wKQz¶‡Yi g‡a¨B Zvu‡K msev` †`qv n‡e| wZwb †hb kvšÍ †nvb| LvRv mv‡ne ZvwM` K‡i P‡j †M‡jb| wKšÍy wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †gŠjex mv‡nevb evnvm Ki‡eb bv|1

ÒnZf¤^ weov‡ji Lv¤^v LvgPv‡bvÓ :wKšÍy †hB nhiZ AvK`vm Kvw`qvb P‡j hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡jb, †gŠjex mv‡neiv Zuvi †ók‡b †cuŠQvi c~‡e©B gyw`ªZ Bk&‡Znvi hv c~‡e©B cÖ¯‘Z ivLv n‡qwQj| nhiZ AvK`‡mi Mvwoi wcQ‡b weZiY Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Ges bvbv cÖKvi wPrKvi ïiæ Ki‡jb| cÖvPx‡i, cÖvPx‡i Bk&‡Znvi jvMvb n‡jv| G‡Z †jLv wQj : Ôwgh©v cjvqb K‡i‡Q|Õ gy‡LI Zuviv K…wÎg nvq ûZvk

(1) wimvjvn Ôb~i Avng`,Õ 34-35 c„:|


K‡iwQ‡jb| `yÕ Pvi w`b ci †gŠjex mv‡neiv Avevi mg‡eZ n‡q civgk© KiwQ‡jb| NUbvμ‡g AvwgI †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z njvg| Rvb‡Z cvijvg cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wbR wbR gZvbymv‡i GK GKRb †gŠjex‡K evnv‡mi Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ KiwQ‡jb| †KD †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUjex‡K nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ evnv‡mi Rb¨ ùvo Ki‡Z ejwQ‡jb| †KD †gŠjex Ave`yj ReŸvi MRbexi bvg cÖ¯Íve KiwQ‡jb| Kv‡iv `„wó iæmyj evev Ag„Zmixi Ici wbcwZZ nw”Qj| Ae‡k‡l, †gŠjex †Mvjvgyjøvn&1 mv‡ne K‡mŠix ej‡jb : Ôevnvm †Zv A¯^xKvi Kiv DwPZ n‡e bv| Kveyj, g°vgyqvq&hgv, ev gw`bv gybvDIivq evnvm nIqv mgxPxb| †mLv‡b hv‡eI bv, evnvmI n‡e bv|Ó2

Av_g mv‡n‡ei Ae¯’v :GLb Avgiv Avevi Av_g mv‡n‡ei cÖm‡½ wd‡i AvmwQ| nhiZ †kL b~i Avng` ivwh Avjøvû Avbyû e‡jb :

ÒnhiZ AvK`vm P‡j hvIqvi ci Avwg †Kv‡U© hvw”Qjvg, c‡_ Av_g mv‡n‡ei Ni| Avwg †`Ljvg, Av_g mv‡ne †iŠ‡`ªi g‡a¨ QvZv gv_vq evwoi evMvb cwi®‹vi Kivw”Q‡jb| Avwg ejjvg: Ô†WcywU mv‡ne, GLb wK Ki‡Qb? wZwb ej‡jb : ÒNvm `ye©v cwi®‹vi Kivw”Q| Ggb bv nq, †Kvb mvc †ei n‡q Avgv‡K `skb K‡i Ges Avcbviv e‡jb †h wgh©v mv‡n‡ei fwel¨ØvYx c~Y© n‡q‡Q|Ó Avwg ejjvg: Ô†ek, fvjgZ mZK© _vK‡eb| †Lv`v-ZvAvjv wbðqB Zuvi Kzì‡Zi †Kvb `„k¨ †`Lv‡eb|Ó Gici Av_g mv‡ne bvbv cÖKvi fxwZcÖ` ¯^cœ †`L‡Z jvM‡jb| iv‡Z evi evi wknwi‡q D‡Vb KLb KLb weQvbv †_‡K wb‡P c‡o †h‡Zb Ges wPrKvi Ki‡Zb Ônvq, gviv †Mjvg,Õ ÔAvgv‡K aiÕ| Av_g mv‡n‡ei GB Ae¯’v †`‡L Zvi gymjgvb Lvbmvgv‡K we`vq Kiv n‡jv| gymjgvb‡ì hvZvqvZ GK`g eÜ Kiv n‡jv| PvKwi †_‡K we`vq nIqvi wKQy w`b ci †mB Lvbmvgvi mv‡_ Avgvi mv¶vZ nq| †m Av_g mv‡n‡ei eZ©gvb Ae¯’v eY©bv Kij Ges ejj †h, Zv‡K Reve †`qv n‡q‡Q| hLb Av_g mv‡ne e‡jwQ‡jb ÔwZwb a„Z n‡q‡Qb, wZwb gviv wM‡q‡Qb, ZLb GB Lvbmvgv Zuvi Kv‡Q ùvovb wQj| GR‡b¨B Zv‡K we`vq Kiv nq, cv‡Q GB cÖKvi †Kvb welq cÖKvk †c‡j †Mvcb welq †ei (1) m¤¢eZ: Bwb †gŠjex †Mvjvg Avjx wQ‡jb| Qvcvi fy‡j †MvjvgyjøvnÕ n‡q †M‡Q, wKsev

†gŠjex mv‡ne wb‡RB c‡i Zvi bvg Ô‡MvjvgyjøvnÕ †i‡L‡Qb| Iqvjøvû Avjvgy wem- mvIqve|

(2) wimvjvn b~i Avng`, c„:|


n‡q c‡o| Lvbmvgvi gy‡L GB mg¯Í nvj Ae¯’v ï‡b Avwg Av_g mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| †`Ljvg, GK e¨w³ cvnvivq ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| cv`ªxiv Zv‡K ZvwM` Ki‡Qb, hv‡Z †Kvb gymjgvb †mLv‡b bv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Av_g mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ †Kvb gymjgv‡bi mv¶¨ Kivi AbygwZ †bB| GB †`‡L Avwg P‡j Avmjvg| Lvbmvgvi K_vi mg_©b cvIqv †Mj| M‡qi Avn&g`x gymjgvbI mv¶vr ev †Kvb KvR Dcj‡¶ †M‡j Zuv‡ì‡KI mv¶vrKv‡ii my‡hvM †`qv nZ bv| Av_g mv‡ne‡K †Ljvq I Zvgvmvq wbgMœ ivLv nZ| wewfbœ ai‡bi †Ljv †hgb Zvm, `vev, BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g Zuvi gb fzjv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡Zv wKšÍy Av_g mv‡n‡ei Ae¯’v w`b w`b AwaKZi fqven n‡Z jvMj| cÖZ¨n Zuvi Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b NUZ| wZwb †Kvb mgq kvwšÍ †eva Ki‡Zb bv| KL‡bv KL‡bv ÔnvqÕ ÔnvqÕ Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv KL‡bv ej‡Zb, ÔAvwg aiv cojvgÕ, Ôwb¯Ívi †bBÕ| Gw`‡K Av_g mv‡n‡ei †Zv GB Ae¯’v! Ab¨ w`‡K Ab¨ cv`ªx‡ì g‡b PvÂ‡jï m„wó n‡jv| GK mv‡n‡ei †Zv g„Zz¨ n‡jv| GK mv‡ne f‡q Ag„Zmi Z¨vM Ki‡j c‡_ ågYiZ Ae¯’vq †ijMvwo‡ZB wZwb cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡jb| cv`ªx ivBU mv‡n‡ei g„Zz¨‡Z MxR©vq †h cÖKvi †kvK cÖKvk Kiv n‡qwQj Ges IB mg‡q †Kvb †Kvb cv`ªx †h me Dw³ K‡ib Zv †_‡K wLªóvb‡ì PvÂj¨ I fxwZ cÖvß Ae¯’vi Qwe Avcbv Avcwb dz‡U D‡V| Zuviv e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvR iv‡Z Ck¦‡ii †Kvc RwbZ jvwV Amg‡q Avgv‡ì Ici ci‡jv| Zuvi †Mvcb A¯¿ ARvwbZfv‡e Avgv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kij|1 cv`ªx ivBU mv‡ne Ag„Zm‡ii A‰eZwbK wgkbvix wQ‡jb| Zuviv meB ¯^xKvi Ki‡jb, ïay mZ¨‡KB MÖnY Ki‡jb bv|

ÒhLb wLªóvbiv †`L‡jb †h Av_g mv‡n‡ei Ae¯’v †KejB Lvivc n‡”Q, ZLb Zuviv civgk© Ki‡jb Zuv‡K Ab¨Î †Kv_vI cvVvb †nvK| e¯ÍyZ: Zuv‡K jywaqvbv cvVvb n‡jv| hLb †mLv‡bI wZwb †Kvb cÖKvi kvwšÍ †eva Ki‡jb bv, ZLb Zuv‡K ¸RivZ cvVvb n‡jv| †mLv‡bI Zuvi †KvbB kvwšÍ n‡jv bv| ZLb wd‡ivRcyi wb‡q hvIqv n‡jv|

ÒAv_g mv‡n‡ei †mB mymw¾Z evwo hv Zuvi †Lqvj gZ †e‡nk&‡Zi bgybv ¯îƒc wQj Ges eoB my‡Li mv‡_ wbg©vY Kiv‡bv nq, hvi Rb¨ wZwb mZ¨‡K eiY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb Ges †mB AwZ g‡bvni evMvb, hv wZwb wbR cQ›` gZ ˆZwi Kwi‡qwQ‡jb-`yB-B cwiZ¨³ n‡jv Ges Zuv‡K ¯’vb †_‡K ¯’vbvšÍ‡i cÖevm cwieZ©b I kxZ MÖx‡¯§i Kó †fvM Ki‡Z n‡jv| †Kv_vI wZwb kvwšÍ

(1) ÒAvbIqviæj Bmjvg,Õ cÖ_g ms¯‹ib, 8 c„: nvwkqv|


†c‡jb bv| me©`v †h Av_‡gi †jLbx Bmjv‡gi we‡ivwaZvq cwiPvwjZ nZ ZvI GK`g eÜ n‡jv|Ó1

wLªóvb a‡g©i mvnvh¨v‡_© †jLvi DrmvnI GK`g eÜ n‡jv|

we¯Í„Zfv‡e e¨vcviwU wQj GB| hLb Av_‡gi †gqv` DËxY© n‡jv Ges wZwb m‡Zï w`‡K wd‡i Avmvi d‡j c‡bi gv‡mi g‡a¨ cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ibwb, ZLb wLªóv‡biv Ôfwel¨ØvYx wedj n‡q‡QÕ e‡j †PuPv‡gwP ïiæ Kij| G‡Z nhiZ mv‡ne Zv‡ì‡K eySvi †Póv Ki‡jb †h fwel¨ØvYx‡Z ejv n‡qwQj Av_g wd‡i Avm‡j ÔnvweqvqÕ wbw¶ß nIqv †_‡K i¶v cv‡eb Ges hw` wd‡i bv Av‡mb, Z‡e ÔnvweqvqÕ wbw¶ß n‡eb| Zuvi fxZ nIqvB Zuvi wd‡i Avmv mZ¨ cÖgvwYZ K‡i| GB `xN© mg‡qi g‡a¨ wZwb Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡× †Kvb kã D”PviY K‡ibwb| GB Rb¨ ÔMdzi I inxgÕ ¶gvkxj I `qvevb-†Lv`v Zuvi g„Zz¨ Uwj‡q w`‡jb| wKšÍy wLªóv‡biv GK_v gvb‡Z ivwR wQj bv, gv‡bI bvB| e¯ÍyZ: Zv‡ì GB Kvh©μg Øviv Zviv g„Zzï †d‡ik&Zv‡K AvnŸvb KiwQj| hLb Zv‡ì †cŠb:‡cŠwbK `vwe mxgvi evB‡i P‡j †Mj, ZLb nhiZ AvK&`v‡miI Bmjvgx MvqiZ cÖej n‡jv| wZwb Bk‡Znvi Øviv †NvlYv Ki‡jb Av_g `vwei mv‡_ ejyK †h, Zuvi Ici fwel¨ØvYxi fxwZ cÖej nqwb ev Zuvi ü`‡q Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi cÖeZ©K nhiZ †gvnv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg m¤^‡Ü Zuvi c~e© aviYvi cwieZ©b N‡Uwb| Zvici, hw` GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zuvi cÖvYmsnvi KvR mgvav bv nq, Z‡e nhiZ AvK`vm Zuv‡K bM` GK nvRvi UvKv cyi®‹vi cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| wKšÍy Av_g mv‡ne UzÕ kã ch©šÍ Ki‡jb bv|

G‡Z wZwb wØZxq Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb †h, `vwe Ki‡j Av_g mv‡ne‡K `yB mnmª UvKv cyi®‹vi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| Av_g mv‡ne Zey PzcB _v‡Kb| Aek¨ g„`y¯^‡i GUzKz wbðqB ¯^xKvi Ki‡jb †h :

ÒAvwg mvaviY wLªóvb‡ì ÔcyÎZ¡ I Ck¦iZ¡Õ wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ GKgZ bB Ges Avwg IB wLªóvb‡ìI mv‡_ GKgZ bB, hviv Avcbvi (A_©vr, nhiZ AvK`v‡miÑD×…ZKviK) m‡½ †Kvb cÖKvi Ab¨vq K‡i‡Q|Ó2 Zvici, nhiZ AvK`vm Z…Zxq Bk&‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb Ges `vwe Ki‡j Av_g mv‡ne‡K wZb mnmª UvKv `v‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| wKšÍy wZwb Gw`‡K Avmevi wQ‡jb bv, Av‡mbwb| Ae‡k‡l, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi P‚ovšÍfv‡e hyw³ cÖ`vb I (1) wimvjv Ôb~i Avng`Õ 35-37 c„:|(2) ÒwLªóvb cÖPvi cwÎKv, Ôb~i Bdkvb,Õ 1894 mvj 21 †m‡Þ¤î,|


mgvcbv‡_© Pvi mnmª UvKv cyi¯‹v‡ii cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q Ave`yjøvn& Av_g mv‡ne‡K njd Kivi Rb¨ Avn&evb Ki‡jb| wKšÍy wZwb Zey cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡jb bv| GB Bk&‡Znv‡i nhiZ AvK`vm wj‡LwQ‡jb :

ÒGLb hw` Av_g mv‡ne `vwe K‡ib (†h wZwb fwel¨ØvYx Øviv fxZMÖ¯’ nbwb Ges †Kvb w`K w`‡q cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ibwb) Z‡e GK eQ‡ii Iqv`v ALÛbxq I mywbwðZ Ges hw` `vwe bv K‡ib, Zey Avjøvn& ZvAvjv †h GB cÖKvi Acivax, mZ¨ †Mvcb K‡i wek¦‡K cÖewÂZ Ki‡Z PvqÑZv‡K `Û bv w`‡q Qvo‡e bv| †mw`b mwbœK‡U, `~‡i bq| hw` wLªóv‡biv Av_g‡K LÛ weLÛ R‡en&I K‡i, Zey wZwb `vwe Ki‡eb bv|Ó1

e¯ÍyZ: Av_g mv‡ne †Kvbfv‡eB `vwe Kivi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡jb bv Ges GB †kl Bk‡Znvi cÖKv‡ki Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ 1896 mv‡ji 27†k RyjvB wd‡ivRcy‡i cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ib|2

Av_‡gi g„Zzï ci nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi me weiæ×ev`x‡ì‡K m‡¤^vabc~e©K wjL‡jb :Òhw` †Kvb mv‡n‡ei GB aviYv _v‡K †h, Av_g fwel¨ØvYxi fxlYZvi ÔAvhgZÕ ekZ: fxZ nbwb, eis Avgiv Zuv‡K ea Kivi Rb¨ KLbI Zievwiavix †jvK cvwV‡qwQ, KLbI Zvui wcQ‡b mvc †Q‡owQ, wcQ‡b KLbI KzKzi †Lwc‡q w`‡qwQ BZ¨vw`, Z‡e Ggb e¨w³ GB wel‡q njd Kiæb| Zvici, hw` wZwb GK eQi ch©šÍ RxweZ _v‡Kb, Z‡e Avwg Avgvi fwel¨ØvYx åvšÍ nIqv wb‡RB ¯^xKvi Kie Ges GB nj‡di mv‡_ †Kvb kZ© _vK‡e bv|Ó3

wKšÍy wLªóvb‡ì ga¨ †_‡K A_ev kÎæZvKvix Kv‡di wb‡`©kK †gŠjex‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †KD g‡`© gq`vb n‡q mvg‡b AMÖmi nqwb Ges Gfv‡e mKj kÎæi Rb¨B wZwb mg¨K hyw³ cÖ`vb Ki‡jb|

GK iv‡Z Pvi nvRvi Aviwe avZz wk¶v :gyevnvmv I gyevnvjv †_‡K Aemi jv‡fi ci nhiZ AvK`vm Kvw`qv‡b wd‡i

(1) Bk‡Znvi (Pvi nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi, m¤^wjZ 11 c„:|(2) we¯Í…Z weei‡Yi Rb¨ ÔAvbIqviæj-Bmjvg,Õ ÔAvÄv‡g Av_gÕ GesÕ wKZveyj evwiqvÕ †`Lyb|(3) ÔAvÄv‡g-Av_g,Õ 15 c„:|


Avm‡jb| ZLb cybivq Avevi MÖš’ cÖYqb I BkvAv‡Z Øx‡bi Kv‡R AvÍwb‡qvM Ki‡jb| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Dcv‡q Aviwe fvlvq Zdmxi †jLvi I my¶¥ ZË¡vejx eY©bv Kivi Avn&evb wZwb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex I Ab¨ Djvgv‡`i‡K K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv Ôdqmjv AvmgvbxiÕ Bk‡Znvi †_‡KB ®úó Rvbv hvq| BwZc~‡e© Avgiv wj‡LwQ †h, GB Bk&‡Znvi hLb †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex cvV Ki‡jb, ZLb (bvDhywejøvn&) nhiZ AvK`vm‡K Ôg~L©Õ, ÔAviex we`¨v †_‡K m¤ú~Y© ewÂZÕ Ges †gŠjex mv‡ne wb‡R ÔAv‡jgÕ, Ôdv‡hjÕ Ges hy‡Mi ÔAZzjbxq cÖwZfvÕ e‡j cwiwPZ n‡Z PvB‡jb| fvj, Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi MvqiZ KLb GUv mn¨ Ki‡Z cviZ ? wZwb gmxn& cv‡Ki ü`‡q †`vqvi †cÖiYv Rš§v‡jb| ûhyi †`vqv Kivi ci, Avjøvn ZvAvjv GK iv‡ZB Zvu‡K Aviwe fvlvi Pwjøk nvRvi avZz ev g~j kã wk¶v w`‡jb| G‡Z wZwb Avie I Abvi‡ei Ici Ôû¾rÕ (cªwZ‡hvwMZvg~jKfv‡e cwic~Y© hyw³) Kv‡qg Kivi Rb¨ Ges †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex I Zuvi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlYKvix †gŠjex‡`i An¼vi Pzigvi Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ eû †KZveB1 Aviwe fvlvq mnmª mnmª UvKv cyi®‹vi †NvlYvmn cÖKvk Ki‡jb| wKšÍy †KD cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi mvnm Kij bv| nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb :

A_©vr, ÔhZB Avwg cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K weiæ×ev`x‡K AvnŸvb Kijvg, cix¶v‡_© †KDB AMÖmi n‡jv bv|Ó

nhiZ nvRx Dj&-nvivgvBb gvIjvbv nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avb&ûi wnRiZ :nhiZ nvRx-Dj-nvivgvBb gvIjvbv nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡n‡ei wnRiZ 1893 mv‡ji GKwU we‡kl NUbvwZwb Kvk¥xi I Rš§yi gnvivRvi ivRwPwKrmK wQ‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm hLb Ôgmxn I gvn&`xÕ nIqvi `vwe Ki‡jb, ZLb †gŠjex mv‡ne nhiZ mv‡n‡ei †L`g‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb, Òûhyi, Avgvi ü`‡qi evmbv ûhy‡ii †L`g‡Z Avgvi Aewkó Rxeb AwZevwnZ Kwi| hw` AbygwZ nq, Z‡e Avwg PvKwi †Q‡o Kvw`qvb G‡m evm Kie|Ó nhiZ AvK`vm wj‡L‡Qb ÒPjwZ PvKwi Z¨vM Kiv Avjøvn&i `v‡bi A¯^xKvi e‡U| Avcwb

(1) Aviwe wKZve¸‡jv msL¨vq cÖvq 24 Lvwb|


c`Z¨vM Ki‡eb bv|Ó wKQyw`b ci Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Ggwb DcKiY m„wó Ki‡jb †h, nhiZ †gŠjex mv‡ne‡K PvKwi †_‡K c„_K n‡Z n‡jv Ges wZwb Zuvi Rb¥f~wg †fivq Mgb K‡i †mLv‡b GKwU bZzb cvKv evwo wbg©vY ïiæ K‡ib| ZLbI †mB evwo wbwg©Z nw”Qj Ges cÖvq mvZ nvRvi UvKv G‡Z e¨q n‡qwQj| Ggb mgq nhiZ †gŠjex mv‡ne †Kvb cÖ‡qvRbekZ: jv‡nvi hvb| †mLv‡b Zvi g‡b co‡jv Kv‡QB Kvw`qvb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡eb| Zuvi wb‡Ri wee„wZ GB :

ÒAvgvi cÖvY nhiZ mv‡ne‡KI †`L‡Z PvBj| GRb¨ Avwg Kvw`qvb Avmjvg| †fiv‡Z D”P ai‡bi cvKv evwo ˆZwii KvR ïiæ n‡qwQj| GRb¨ Avwg hvIqvÑAvmv Df‡qi fvov wVK K‡i †Nvov Mvwo wbjvg| GLv‡b G‡m nhiZ mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vZ Kijvg| fvejvg Zuvi KvQ †_‡K GLwb AbygwZ wb‡q we`vq n‡ev| wZwb K_v cÖm‡½ ej‡jb : ÒAvcwb †Zv dv‡iM n‡q‡Qb| Avwg ejjvg: ÔwR n¨vuÕ| GLb †Zv Avwg dv‡iMB AvwQÕ| MvwoIqvjv‡K ejjvg, ÔGLb, Zzwg P‡j hvI| AvR AbygwZ †bqv wVK bq| Kvj ciï AbygwZ †be|Õ ciw`b wZwb ej‡jb : ÔAvcbvi GKvKx _vKvq †Zv Kó n‡e| Avcwb Avcbvi GKRb wewe‡K Avwb‡q wbb|Õ wb‡`©kgZ wewe‡K Avmvi Rb¨ Avwg wPwV wjLjvg| GUvI wjLjvg ÔGLb h_vm¤¢e Avwg kxNª Avm‡Z cvie bv| GRb¨ wbg©vY KvR eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e|Õ Avgvi wewe Avmevi ci nhiZ mv‡ne ej‡jb : ÔAvcbvi eB covi eo mL| AZGe, Avwg mgxPxb g‡b Kwi †h, Avcwb Avcbvi MÖš’vMviwU wb‡q Avmyb|Õ Aí w`b c‡i ej‡jb : Aci wewe Avcbvi †gRvR gwR© fv‡jv Rv‡bb Ges cÖexY| Avcwb Zuv‡KI wbðqB Avwb‡q wbb| †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb : ÔAvwg (†gŠjex) b~iæÏxb (mv‡neÑ m¤^‡Ü Bj&nvg †c‡qwQ| nvwiix‡Z GB Kve¨ c`wU Av‡Q :

†Lv`v-ZvAvjvi Avðh©RbK n¯Í‡¶c nj| Avgvi Kíbv ev ¯^‡cœI Avevi Avgvi Rš§f‚wgi K_v g‡b c‡owb|Ó2

nhiZ gmxn& gvID` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjv‡gi mvnvev‡`i g‡a¨

(1) A_©vr Rb¥f~wgi cÖwZ KL‡bv †Lqvj Kwi‡ebv b‡Pr †Zvgvi Aegvbbv n‡e Ges †Zvgv‡K Kó Kwi‡Z nB‡e|Ó

(2) ÔgviKvZzj-GKxb wK nvqv‡Z b~iæÏxb,Õ 169 c„:|


1

Zuvi AZz¨”P ¯’vb| wZwb †hfv‡e wmjwmjvi Kv‡R nhiZ AvK`vm‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi `„óvšÍ Ab¨ Kv‡iv g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq bv| KziAvb Kix‡gi ìm †`qv wQj Zuvi wcÖq KvR, imyjyjøvn& mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÖwZ nvw`‡m Zuvi AmvaviY †cÖg wQj| wZwb wPwKrmv we`¨vq wm×n¯Í wQ‡jb| e¯ÍyZ:, AvwÍK, ˆ`wnK Dfq w`K w`‡qB Avjøvn&-ZvAvjvi m„ó Rx‡ei †mevq wZwb m‡e©vZ: fv‡e e¨vc„Z _vK‡Zb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi iwPZ eû wKZv‡e Zuvi f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| `„óvšÍ ¯’‡j, GKwU PZz¯úwì g‡a¨ wZwb hveZxq cÖksmv MxwZB GKÎxf‚Z K‡i‡Qb :

A_©vr, ÒGB Dš§‡Zi cÖ‡Z¨‡KB b~iæÏxb n‡j KZB Avb‡›ì welq nZ| ZvB nZ, hw` cÖ‡Z¨K ü`q GKx‡bi †R¨vwZ‡Z cwic~Y© _vKZ|Ó

1893 mv‡ji nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn gvD` (Av.) iwPZ MÖš’mg~n :1| ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvj‡Z BmjvgÕ- GB wKZv‡ei welqe¯Íy m¤^‡Ü BwZc~‡e©

h‡_ó Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

2| ÔeviKvZz`-†`vqvÕ-nhiZ AvK`vm GB cyw¯ÍKv m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` giû‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ wjwce× K‡ib| Gi m¤^‡ÜI BwZc~‡e© ejv n‡q‡Q|

3| Ôû¾vZzj&-BmjvgÕ- nhiZ AvK`vm GB cy¯Í‡Ki gva¨‡g Wvt †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK© Ges Ab¨vb¨ wLªóvb‡K GB evYx cÖPvi K‡ib †h, G hy‡M RxweZ ag© ïay Bmjvg| G‡Z IB me kZ© Ges KviY¸‡jvI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q hvi d‡j Ag„Zm‡i wLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gyevnvmv nq Ges Zv ÔR‡½ gyKvÏmÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq|

4| Ômv”Pvqx Kv Bh&nviÕ- cv`ªx‡ì mv‡_ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gyevnvmv wVK nIqvi ci cv`ªx mv‡n‡ei ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q eoB AbyZß nb Ges hv‡Z GB gyevnvmv nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv‡_ bv n‡q Rbve Djvgv‡ì mv‡_ nq, †mRb¨ †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GB Rb¨ Zuviv †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡n‡ei ˆZwi d‡Zvqvi Zdmx‡iiÕ Lye cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges RwÛqvjvi gymjgvbivÑhv‡ì Kvi‡Y GB gyevnvmv nIqv w¯’i n‡qwQj, Zv‡ì‡K Zuviv GB e‡j D‡ËwRZ Kivi AvcÖvY †Póv Ki‡jb †h, Zuviv hv‡K gyevnvmvi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì cÖwZwbwa K‡i‡Qb (A_©vr nhiZ


AvK`vm‡K) wZwb †Zv mKj gymjgv‡bi g‡Z Kv‡di| RwÛIqvjvi gymjvgbiv Ab¨ †Kvb Av‡jg‡K GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨B g‡bvbxZ Ki‡Qb bv †Kb? wKšÍy Zviv cwi®‹vi Rvbv‡jb Zuv‡ì cÖwZwbwa nhiZ wgh©v mv‡neB _vK‡eb| nhiZ AvK`vm GB cy¯Í‡K GB m¤úwK©Z wel‡qi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib|

5| ÔR‡½ gyKvÏmÕ- GB cy¯Í‡K Ag„Zm‡ii gyevnvmvi ûeû weeiY Ges Dfq c‡¶ e³e¨¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ nq|

6| Ô†Zvn&dv‡q evM`v`Õ- nhiZ AvK`vm GB cy¯Í‡K R‰bK ˆmq` Ave`yi ivh&hvK Kv‡ìx evM`v`xi GKwU Bk‡Znvi I c‡Îi DË‡i Aviwe fvlvq GB cy¯ÍK cÖYqb K‡ib| GB cy¯Í‡K ûhyi Zvi `vwe we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv K‡ib|

7| Ô†KivgvZzm&-mv‡`Kxb&Õ- nhiZ AvK`vm GB cy¯Í‡K Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n I mvjøv‡gi cÖksmv-MxwZ ¯îƒc PviwU Aviwe Kvwm`v Ges myivn& dv‡Znvi Zdmxi wjwce× K‡ib| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne Ges Ab¨vb¨ Djvgv mv‡nevb‡K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~e©K Aviwe Zd&mxi I Kwm`v †jLvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiv nq|

8| Ôkvnv`vZzj-KziAvbÕ- nhiZ AvK`vm GB cy¯Í‡K KziAvb Kixg I mnxn& nvw`m mn‡hv‡M Zviv gmxn gvID` nIqvi `wjj Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|

1893 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmv ¯’wMZ :1893 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rj&mv nhiZ AvK`vm `yB Kvi‡Y ¯’wMZ K‡ib|1

cÖ_g KviY, weMZ eQi Rj&mvi mgq ¯’vbvfve ekZ: †Kvb †Kvb †gngvb cvi®úwiK †cÖg, †mŠnv`©¨ Ôhyn`Õ I Ôci‡nRMvixiÕ D”P Av`k© cÖ`k©b K‡ibwb| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm `y:wLZ nb|

wØZxq KviY, ZLbI we‡kl ¯’vbvfve wQj Ges wKQz Riæwi cy¯ÍK cÖKv‡ki d‡j A‡bK LiP n‡qwQj|

(1) Ôkvnv`vZzj-‡KviAv‡bÕ mwbœweó †NvlYv cÎ|


nhiZ †kV Ave`yi ingvb nvRx Avjøvn& ivLv mv‡ne gv`ªvRxi m‡½ †gŠjex nvmvb Avjx mv‡n‡ei Kvw`qvb AvMgb :†gŠjex nvmvb Avjx mv‡ne wenv‡ii fvMjcyi †Rjvi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| wZwb cvUbv nvB ¯‹z‡ji †n&Wgvóvi wQ‡jb| GKRb eo Bmjvg-f³, Av‡e`, hv‡n` I eû MÖš’cÖ‡YZv wQ‡jb| Ô†givRyj&-gy‡gbxbÕ Zuvi iwPZ GKwU cÖwm× cy¯ÍK| †mmg‡q wZwb GKRb cÖwm× evM¥x I †ZR¯^x ag©xq e³v wQ‡jb| Zuvi eû¸YkxjZv ekZ: †jv‡K Zvu‡K gyRv‡Ï` g‡b KiZ Ges Zuv‡KI ejZ †h, wZwb †Zv kZvãxi gyRv‡Ï`| wKšÍy wZwb Zv A¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb| wZwb Bmjvg‡K AZ¨šÍ fvjevm‡Zb| Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Ggwb AvMÖn I Drmvn Zuvi wQj †h, wZwb PvKwi Z¨vM K‡i Zejx‡Mi Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM© K‡ib Ges fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ kn‡i ZejxMx e³…Zv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi bvg cÖ_‡g wZwb 1887 mv‡j Ag„Zm‡i ï‡bb| †`Lv Kivi B”Qv nj| wZwb Kvw`qvb AvMgb Ki‡jb| wZwb Zuvi ü`qv‡eM ÔZvqx‡` nK&Õ bvgK cy¯Í‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb :

wgh©v mv‡n‡ei †gngvb-†bqvhx, Zuvi AvwZ‡_qZv †`‡L Avðh©vwš^Z njvg| GKwU †QvÆ welq wjLwQ| GUv †_‡K cvVK Zuvi AwZw_civqYZv m¤^‡Ü Abygvb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avgvi cvb LvIqvi e`f¨vm wQj| Ag„Zm‡i †Zv Avwg cvb †cZvg| wKšÍy evUvjvq †Kv_vqI Avwg cvb cvBwb| bvPvi GjvwP cÖf…wZ wPwe‡q ˆah© aviY Kijvg| Avgvi Ag„Zm‡ii eÜz Amva¨ mvab Ki‡jb| Rvwb bv KLb wZwb nhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne‡K Avgvi GB e`f¨v‡mi K_v e‡j‡Qb| Rbve wgh©v m‡ne GK e¨w³‡K ¸iæ`vmcyi cvVv‡jb| ciw`b †ejv 11 Uvi mgq Avwg Avnv‡ii ci cvb †cjvg| †lvj gvBj `~ieZx© ¯’vb †_‡K Avgvi Rb¨ cvb Avbv n‡jv|Ó1

†gŠjvbv nvmvb Avjx mv‡ne Kvw`qvb †_‡K wd‡i wM‡q Zuvi wcÖq KvR Bmjvg cÖPv‡i e¨vc„Z n‡jb| 1893 mv‡j AvÄygv‡b †ngv‡qZ Bmjv‡giÕ evrmwiK Kbdv‡iÝ nhiZ †gŠjvbv nv‡dR b~iæÏxb mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avb&ûi gnvZvwË¡K e³…Zv kÖe‡Yi my‡hvM Zuvi n‡jv| e³…Zv Øviv wZwb Ggwb cÖfvevwš^Z I †gvwnZ n‡jb †h e³…Zvi †k‡l wZwb `uvwo‡q ej‡jb :

ÒAvwg †MŠie‡eva KiwQ, Avwg ¯^P‡¶ GZ eo Av‡jg I gydvm‡mi `k©b Kijvg|2

(1) ÔZvqx‡` nK Õ 54 c„:|(2) ÔZvqx‡` nK Õ 64 c„:|


GcÖm‡½ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :ÒAvgvi AvMÖn n‡jv Avwg Rbve †gŠjex nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vr Kie| wKšÍy †gŠjex mv‡ne AbyMÖnc~e©K wb‡RB GB Aa‡gi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z Avm‡jb| Avwg Zuv‡K wbR©‡b wRÁvmv Kijvg, ÔAvcwb wgh©v mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ Kivq wK dj †c‡q‡Qb ? cÖZz¨Ë‡i wZwb ej‡jb, ÔGKwU ¸Yvn& wQj Avwg Zv Qvo‡Z cviwQjvg bv| Rbve wgh©v mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ MÖn‡Yi ci †mB ¸Yvn& ïay `~i nwb, Gi cÖwZ N„Yv R‡š§‡Q| Rbve †gŠjex nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡n‡ei GB K_v Avgvi Ici we‡kl cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡jv| nvKxg mv‡ne Avgv‡K Kvw`qvb hvIqvi Rb¨ ej‡jb, Avwg hvBwb|1

Av‡iv wj‡L‡Qb t ÒAvwg gv`ªvR AvÄygv‡b †ngv‡q‡Z Bmjv‡gi evrmwiK Kbdv‡i‡Ý †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ eQi AvÄygv‡bi wbgš¿Y †cZvg| †ev¤^vBi Rbve Ave`yi ivngvb, nvRx Avjøvn&ivLv †kV mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vr n‡jv|2 Rvb‡Z cvijvg AvÄygvb GK gv‡mi Rb¨ Kbdv‡iÝ ¯’wMZ K‡i‡Q| Rbve †kV mv‡ne Avgvi Kv‡Q AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡jbÑAvwg Zuvi mv‡_ fviZe‡l©i cÖwm× kni¸‡jv ågY K‡i Df‡q wg‡j Kvw`qvb kixd hvB| Rbve Ave`yi ivngvb †kV mv‡n‡ei B”Qv wQj wZwb nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ Ki‡eb| cÖ_‡g Avwg bvbv IRiÑAvcwË cÖ`k©b K‡i GB md‡ii Kó †_‡K gyw³ †P‡qwQjvg| wKšÍy †kV mv‡ne Avgv‡K Lye †Rv‡i ai‡jb| Avgvi cÖwZ Zuvi fvj aviYv wQj| wZwb Avgv‡K ej‡jb, wM‡q †`Lyb wgh©v mv‡ne mZëv`x, bv fÛÕ| Avwg ejjvg, ÔAvj-nvg&`ywjjøv‡n, Avjøvn-ZvAvjv Avgvi cÖwZ GZUzKz AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb| Avwg †Pnviv †`‡L gvby‡li Af¨šÍixY Ae¯’v Rvb‡Z cvwi| gvby‡li c‡¶ meB m¤¢eci| fvj Lvivc n‡q c‡o| g›Ì fvj nq| hw` wgh©v mv‡ne Zv bv n‡q _v‡Kb, hv 1887 mv‡j Avwg †`‡LwQ Ges Zuvi g‡a¨ cvw_©eZv I cÖeÂbv G‡m bv _v‡K, Z‡e †Pnviv †`LvgvÎ ej‡Z cvie|Õ †kV mv‡ne ej‡jb, ÔGB Rb¨B †Zv Avcbv‡K m‡½ wb‡q †h‡Z PvB|Õ hv †nvK, Avwg Ave`yi ivn&gvb †kV mv‡n‡ei m‡½ Kvw`qvb kixd iIqvbv njvg| c‡_ AvjxMo Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Zvgvkv †`Ljvg| Ges Ag„Zmi n‡q Kvw`qvb kixd †cŠuQjvg| Ag„Zm‡i Avwg GKwU ¯^cœ (1) ÔZvqx‡` nK Õ 454 c„:|(2) nhiZ †kV Ave`yi ivngvb mv‡ne gv`ªvRx GKRb AZ¨šÍ eo eyRyM© Ges

wmjwmjvMZ cÖvY wQ‡jb| Bmjv‡gi †mevi †ecvbvn& Drmvn Zuvi wQj| Zvi ZvKIqv Ges AvšÍwiKZv ekZ: nhiZ AvK`vm Zuv‡K mì AvÄyg‡b Avn&g`xqvi GKRb Uªvwó wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb|]


†`Ljvg| Rbve wgh©v mv‡n‡ei GKwU we‡kl LvU| nhiZ mv‡ne Avgv‡K †mB Lv‡U Nygv‡Z ej‡jb| Avwg ejjvg, Ôûhy‡ii weQvbvq †kve, Avwg GB Aciva wKfv‡e Ki‡Z cvwi ? wZwb mvgvb¨ †n‡m ej‡jb, Ôbv, †Kvb †`vl †bB| BZ:¯ÍZ Ki‡Qb †Kb ? hv‡nvK 1894 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwi Kvw`qvb †cuŠQjvg| Rbve wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` mv‡ne Kvw`qv‡bi GKRb iBm e¨vw³| h_vixwZ Avgv‡ì mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡jb| Avgvi I †kV mv‡n‡ei _vKvi eë¯’v Ki‡jb Ges Mfxi †cÖg I AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ K_vevZ©v ej‡jb| GB cÖ_g mv¶v‡ZB `k©bgvÎ Avgvi wcÖq eÜz Rbve Ave`yi ingvb †kV mv‡ne †Zv Bgvgyj Iqv‡³i †cÖgvm³ n‡q co‡jb| Avgv‡K †kV mv‡ne wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ôejyb, Rbve wgh©v mv‡ne‡K †Kgb †`L‡jb ?Õ Avwg wK DËi †`‡ev? Avwg †Zv wbe©vK| 1887 mv‡j †h wgh©v mv‡ne‡K `k©b K‡iwQ Bwb wZwb bb| KÚ I AvK…wZ †Zv †mB GKB Av‡Q| wKšÍy Ab¨ meB e`‡j †M‡Q| Avjøvn&, Avjøvn&! Avcv`g¯ÍK GK †R¨vwZg©q g~wZ© †`L‡Z †cjvg| huv‡ì AvšÍwiKZv _v‡K Ges †kl iv‡Z D‡V Avjøvn&i ìev‡i KvbœvKvwU K‡ib, Zuv‡ì †PnvivI Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zuvi †R¨vwZi Øviv †R¨vwZg©q K‡i †`b| hv‡ì wKQzgvÎ AšÍ`„©wó _v‡K, Zuviv †mB †R¨vwZ wPb‡Z cv‡ib| wKšÍy nhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne‡K †Zv Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avcv`g¯ÍK †cÖgv®ú‡ì e¯¿ wbR nv‡Z cwi‡q‡Qb| †Zi w`b Kvw`qvb _vKjvg| `yB †ejvB GB ÔBgv‡g iveŸvbxÕ, Ôgn&ey‡e mye&nvbxiÕ mv‡_ mv¶vr n‡Z jvMj| GB mgqwU Avgvi Rxe‡bi AwZ DËg mgq wQj| GLv‡b nhi‡Zi AZzjbxq MÖš’¸‡jv †`Lvi DËg my‡hvM †cjvg| ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z BmjvgÕ, Ôd‡Zn& BmjvgÕ, Ô†ZŠwh‡n givgÕ, ÔGhvjvq AvJnvgÕ, Ôkvnv`vZzj-†KviAvbÕ, ÔeiKvZz`-†`vqvÕ cÖf…wZ wKZve Aí Aí †`Ljvg| Ave`yi ivngvb †kV mv‡ne AbyMÖn K‡i nhi‡Zi †KZvemg~‡ni GK GK Kwc Avgvi Rb¨ Lwi` Ki‡jb; †kV mv‡n‡ei GB DrK…ó ¯§„wZ¸‡jv GL‡bv Avgvi Kv‡Q A¶zYœ Av‡Q| Avwg G¸‡jvi Øviv eû DcK…Z njvg| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †jLv¸‡jv †_‡K Avwg Rvb‡Z cvijvg Avwg †h ÔgyRv‡Ï‡` RvgvbviÕ AbymÜvb KiwQjvg, cÖK…Zc‡¶ Hkx Áv‡b wZwb Rbve nhiZ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` mv‡neB wQ‡jb| Avjøvn& nhiZ‡KB eZ©gvb hy‡Mi wdrbvi †gvKv‡ejvq Bmjv‡gi cÖvavb¨ ¯’vcbv‡_© m„wó K‡i‡Qb|Ó

ÒGLb cÖavb cÖkœ, Avwg wK Ggb Rjxjyj Kì, gnvgvb¨ Bgv‡gi AbyeZx© ne ? A_ev Kv‡dixi I Aby‡hv‡Mi UzKwi gv_vq wbe ? GKRb fvj ag© e³v wn‡m‡e mgMÖ fviZe¨vcx †hUzKz m¤§vb AR©b K‡iwQ, Zv GB m‡Zï Rb¨


Kzievb K‡i cÖksmvi cwie‡Z© †jv‡Ki Awfkv‡ci cvÎ ne ? bv, wkqv‡ì bxwZ MÖnY K‡i nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q Zuvi gZvej¤^x Ges weiæ× ev`x‡ì Kv‡Q (gvAvhvjøvn&) wgh©v mv‡n‡ei we‡ivax †m‡R evnev †be ? Avðh©¨RbK wØavi g‡a¨ Avgvi K‡qK w`b Kvw`qv‡b KvUj| cÖwZw`b †Ku‡` †Ku‡` Avjøvn-ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv KiZvg: hw` †Zvgvi mšÍywó wgh©v mv‡n‡ei AbyewZ©Zv I Zuvi AvÁv cvj‡b _v‡K, Z‡e Avgv‡K ¯^cœ‡hv‡M †hgb eûevi Zzwg K‡i‡Qv GeviI cÖK…Z welq Avgvi Kv‡Q cwi¯‹vi Ki| wKšÍy Gw`K m¤ú~Y© wb¯Í× _vK‡jv| gnvbKZ©vi GUvB B”Qv wQj †h, Avwg wb‡RB Zvi cÖ`Ë eyw× eënvi K‡i Avgvi jvf-¶wZ †`‡L ï‡b KvR Kwi| cvUbv nvB ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki c`Z¨vM Kiv A‡c¶v Gevi e¨vcvi ¸iæZi †eva n‡jv| Gevi GK fvix †Kvievbxi my‡hvM| GK cv mvg‡b AMÖmi nB †Zv, GK cv †cQ‡b| kqZvb ejZ, ÔwgTv, hw` aŸsm n‡Z, jvÃbv, Aegvbbv †_‡K wbivc` _vK‡Z PvI, Pz‡c Pz‡c Kvw`qvb †_‡K †ei nI| †d‡ik&Zv ejZ : Ô`yf©vMv, Zzwg nvw`m cowb? †h e¨w³ mgmvgwqK Bgvg bv wP‡b g‡i, †m A‡Ái g„ZzëiY K‡i| Zvici, †h Ae¯’vq †Lv`v cÖ`Ë eyw× †Zvgv‡K ej‡Q †h, Rbve nhiZ wgh©v mv‡neB hvgvbvi Bgvg, Zzwg Zuvi w`K †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †Kv_vq hv‡e? cvw_©e Rxe‡bi K‡qKw`b KvR-Kg© Ges fyqv m¤§v‡bi Rb¨ †Zvgvi wPiw`‡bi ¯^v_© bó Ki‡e ? †n, Ae©vPxb, †n A`~i`kx©, Zzwg †h AvwZ¥K e¨vwa‡Z fzMQ, Zvi wPwKrmv Avjøvn&- ZvAvjv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q †cŠuwQ‡q‡Qb| †Kgb `yf©vMv ! †Zvgvi Ava¨vwZ¥K ¯^v‡¯’ï kÎæZv K‡i Af¨šÍixY AcweÎZv I KcUZvi Rxe‡b wbgw¾Z _vK‡Z PvI? †n eÜzMY, Avwg †d‡ik&Zvi K_v ïbjvg Ges 1894 mv‡ji 11B Rvbyqvwi Rygvi iv‡Z Kvw`qv‡bi iBm nhiZ Bgvgyj-Iqv³ hvgvbvi gyRv‡Ï` Rbve wgh©v †Mvjvg Avn&g` mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ MÖnY Kijvg Ges Zuv‡K Avgvi Bgvg ¯^xKvi Kijvg| AbšÍi, †mRb¨ hveZxq cÖksmv Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi|

ÒeqAvZ MÖn‡Yi ci wZb w`b ch©šÍ Kvw`qv‡b _vKvi my‡hvM n‡jv| GB †kl wZbw`b hLb Avwg RvgvÕ‡Zi m‡½ bvgvh co‡Z _vKjvg, ZLb Avwg Abyfe Ki‡Z jvMjvg †h GLb Avwg ÔbvgvhÕ cwo| A_©vr, bvgv‡h Avwg Avðvh©¨RbK ¯^v` †cjvg| 13B Rvbyqvwi Avwg Avgvi Bgvg †_‡K we`vq MÖnY K‡i jv‡nv‡i Gjvg| gnvaygav‡gi mv‡_ Bs‡iwR‡Z e³…Zv Kijvg| e³…Zvq nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Øviv †h Ava¨vwZ¥K DcKvi n‡qwQj eY©bv Kijvg| hLb Avwg cvÄve ågY †kl K‡i gv`ªvR †cŠuQjvg, ZLb Avwg IB


me e¨vcv‡iiB m¤§yLxb njvg, hv m‡Zï †cÖwg‡Kiv cÖwZ hy‡M cÖwZ †`‡k †fvM K‡i‡Qb| gmwR‡` IqvR Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡jv| cÖ‡Z¨K gmwR‡`B Bk&‡Znvi †`qv n‡jv nvmvb Avjx mybœZ Rvgv‡Z †bB| †KD Zvi IqvR ïb‡e bv| cywjk‡K msev` †`qv n‡jv Avwg AkvwšÍ we¯Ívi Kwi| †h e¨w³ gvÎ K‡qK w`b Av‡M Ôkvgmyj Iqv‡qhxb Rbve †gŠjvbv †gŠjex nvmvb Avjx Iqv‡q‡h BmjvgÕ e‡j AwfwnZ nZ, †m GLb ïay Ônvmvb Avjx e³vÕ bv‡g Kw_Z n‡Z jvMj| BwZc~‡e© Iqv‡h GKRb ÔAwjÕ e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡Zv| GLb Avgvi †P‡q eo ÔkqZvbÕ †KD _vK‡jv bv| †hw`‡KB †hZvg, †jv‡K Av½yj w`‡q †`LvZ| mvjvg KiZvg| Reve †cZvg bv| Avgvi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z †jv‡K fq †cZ| GK fqven cÖvYx‡Z cwiYZ njvg|Ó1

Rbve †gŠjex nvmvb Avjx mv‡ne eoB myiwmK, m`vnvm¨gq cyiæl wQ‡jb| hw` GLv‡b Zvui cy¯ÍK †_‡K cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q Zuvi GKwU Ávbg~jK im- K_v cwi‡ekb Kiv nq Zvn‡j AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv| wZwb e‡jb :

Ògv`ªv‡Ri IqvjvRvnx gm&wR‡` nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ Kivi ci hLb Avwg Ôìƒ`Õ kix‡di IqvR Ki‡Z PvBjvg, Avgv‡K wb‡la Kiv n‡jv| Avwg †mLvb †_‡K iIqvbv n‡j GKRb gymjgvb Bgvb`vi Avgv‡K ej‡Z jvMj, ÔGB Kv‡diÕ, ÔGB Kv‡diÕ,| ÔGB `v¾vjÕ ÔGB `v¾vjÕ| Avwg g‡b g‡b fvejvg, GB e¨w³I Avgv‡ìB `vwei mg_©b Ki‡Q| KviY, Avwg GK †PvL wewkó bB| mËi MR Mvavi Ici mvIqvi bB| RxweZ‡K g„Z Ges g„Z‡K RxweZ Kwi bv| Zey GB fvj gvbyl Avgv‡K Ô`v¾vjÕ ej‡Q †Kb? ïay GB Rb¨ †h, Zvi †Lqvj gZ †m ey‡S wb‡q‡Q Avwg nhiZ AvK`vm wgh©v mv‡n‡ei AbyeZx© n‡q ¸givn& n‡q c‡owQ Ges ¸givnx we¯Ívi KiwQ| myZivs, †m hLb GKRb K‡jgv cov Avn&‡j †Kejv‡KÕ- †h GB gvÎ ÔRygvi bvgvhÕ c‡o ìƒ` kix‡di gvnvZ¥ eY©bv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj- Zuv‡K Ô`v¾vjÕ ejv DwPZ g‡b Ki‡Q, ZLb hw` Avgiv CmvcyRvix RvwZ‡K ¸givn Ki‡Z hv‡ì b¨vq wØZxq Avi †KD †bB-Ô`v¾vjÕ ewj, Z‡e Ab¨vq wK Kwi ?Õ2

(1) ÔZvqx‡` nK,Õ 71-75 c„:|(2) ÔZvqv‡` nK,Õ 136 c„:|


1894 mv‡ji GwcÖj Avmgvbx wb`k©b - P›`ª I m~h© MÖnY :nhiZ Bgvg gvn&`x AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi AvMg‡bi wb`©kbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GUvI GKwU eo wb`k©b wQj †h, ighvb kix‡di gv‡m P›`ª MÖnY I m~h© MÖnY n‡e| GB m¤úwK©Z nv`xmwU GB :

A_©vr, ÒAvgv‡ì gvn&`xi Rb¨ `yÕwU wb`k©b Av‡Q| hZw`b a‡i Rwgb Avm&gv‡bi m„wó n‡q‡Q, Ggb wb`k©b †Kvb `vweKvi‡Ki Rb¨ cÖKvwkZ nqwb| GB wb`k©b `ywU n‡jv P›`ª MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g ZvwiL A_©vr 13 ZvwiL Ges m~h© MÖn‡Yi w`b¸‡jvi gaëZx© wèm A_©vr 28 ZvwiL MÖnY n‡e|Ó1

GB wb`k©b 1311 wn: †gvZv‡eK 1894 wLªóv‡ã c„w_exi c~e© †Mvjva©, A_©vr BD‡ivc, Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvq cÖKvwkZ nq|2 Ges 1895 wLªóv‡ã c„w_exi cwðg †Mvjva© A_©vr Av‡gwiKvq GUv cÖKvwkZ nq| AbšÍi Avjøvn& ZvAvjviB mg¯Í cÖksmv|

Avjøvn& ZvAvjv mgMÖ we‡k¦ GB MÖnY cÖ`k©bc~e©K GB mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb GB Bgvg Zuvi c¶ †_‡K AvMgb K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq, GB K_v cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q †h Zuvi AvnŸvb I wZwb †h bexi AbyewZ©Zv I AvÁv cvjb K‡ib A_©vr, Avu- nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi AvnŸv‡bi gZ mve©‡fŠwgK, me©Rbxb| Z…Zxq, cÖ_‡g c~e© †Mvjv‡a© MÖnY Øviv h_vm¤¢e GB m‡¼Z Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Zuvi Rb¥ I Avwef©ve c~e© †Mvjv‡a©I nIqvi wQj Ges c‡i Zuvi c¶ †_‡K Bmjv‡gi Avn&evb cwðg †Mvjv‡a© †cŠuQvb n‡e Ges Avjøvn&B me©v‡c¶v DËg Rv‡bb Ges Zuvi ÁvbB mg¨K|

LvRv KvgvjyÏxb mv‡n‡ei eqAvZ, 1894 mvj :LvRv KvgvjyÏxb mv‡ne jv‡nv‡i dig¨vb wLªóvb K‡j‡R Aa¨qb KiwQ‡jb| cvwicvwk¦©K cÖwZwμqvi d‡j wLªóvb a‡g©i cÖwZ Zuvi AvKl©Y R‡š§wQj| wKšÍy Avjøvn& ZvAvjv Zuvi nvZ cÖmvwiZ Ki‡jb| †Kv_vI †_‡K wZwb Ôevivnx‡b

(2) `vi-Kzrbx 1000 c„:|(3) ÔcvBIwbqiÕ Ges wmwfj G¨vÛ wgwjUvix †M‡RUÕ 6 wW‡m¤î, 1894 wLªó mvj|


Avng`xqvÕ †c‡qwQ‡jb| c‡i, Avi wK? Ôevivnx‡b Avng`xqvÕ hZB cvV Ki‡Z jvM‡jb, ZZB wLªóvb gZev‡ì cÖfve Zvi gb †_‡K `~ixf‚Z n‡Z jvMj Ges Bmjv‡gi bvbv is cÖKvwkZ n‡Z jvMj| cieZ©x‡Z Kvw`qvb Dcw¯’Z n‡q nhiZ AvK`v‡mi nv‡Z eqAvZ n‡jb| ZuviB Aby‡cÖiYvq †jL&ivg msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYx c~Y© nIqvi ci †gŠjex gynv¤§` Avjx mv‡ne 1897 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m eqAvZ MÖnY Ki‡jb|

†gŠjex iæmyj evev Ag„Zmixi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kl hyw³ :Ag„Zm‡ii Djvgv‡ì g‡a¨ iæmyj evevi K_v c~‡eB eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bwb Kvwk¥ix es‡kv™¢yZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi bvg wQj Ô†Mvjvg imyjÕ| wKšÍy Di‡d Ôiæmyj evevÕ e‡jB wZwb †ewk cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| BwZ Lvb gynv¤§` kvn giû‡gi gmwR‡ì Bgvg wQ‡jb| Zuv‡K Kvwk¥ix f³iv nhiZ Bmv gmx‡ni RxweZ _vKv m¤^‡Ü †Kvb wKZve wjL‡Z eva¨ Kivq wZwb ÔnvqvZzj&-gmxn&Õ bvgK GKwU cyw¯ÍKv wjL‡jb| cyw¯ÍKvwUi †Kvb ÔReve bvBÕ nIqvi KvíwbK `vwe cÖgvYv‡_© GK nvRvi UvKvi cyi®‹vi †NvlYvI Kiv n‡jv| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q hLb cyw¯ÍKvwU †cŠuQj, ZLb ûhyi Gi Reve †jLvi †NvlYv Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb 1894 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡mi †kl ch©šÍ Ag„Zm‡ii wZb Rb cÖwm× iBm Luv evnv`yi, LvRv BDmyd kvn& Ges nvRx gxi gvn&gy` mv‡ne‡ì Kv‡Q cyi®‹v‡ii UvKv imyj evevi Rgv Kiv KZ©e¨ Ges Zuv‡ì‡K ¶gZv w`‡Z n‡e, Zvuiv Zvu‡ì ¯^v¶ihy³ GKwU wjwLZ e¯Íy GB g‡g© †cÖiY K‡ib †h, Zuviv GK mnmª UvKv ey‡S †c‡q‡Qb Ges Zuviv A½xKvi Ki‡Qb †h wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` Gi Rq wbYx©Z n‡j GK nvRvi UvKv wgh©v mv‡ne‡K Awej‡¤^ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges imyj evevi mv‡_ Gi †KvbB m¤úK© _vK‡e bv|Ó

ûhyi ej‡jb †h, wZwb GB wggvsmvi Rb¨ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex‡KB g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb| wKšÍy GB kZ© _vK‡e GKwU cÖKvk¨ mfvq D³ †gŠjex mv‡ne wb¤œwjwLZ ÔA½xKviÕ Ki‡eb :

ÒDcw¯’Z †kÖævZve„›`, †Lv`vi Kmg! Avwg Dfq cy¯ÍKB AvMv‡Mvov †`‡LwQ| Avwg †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg †L‡q ejwQ ev¯ÍweK †gŠjex imyj evevi cy¯ÍK mywbwðZfv‡e Ges ALÛbxq Dcv‡q nhiZ Cmvi RxweZ _vKv cÖgvwYZ K‡i‡Q Ges †h cÖwZev` cy¯ÍK †ei n‡q‡Q Gi Reve Øviv Gi g~j KZ©b nq bv Ges hw` Avwg wg_¨v e‡j _vwK A_ev Avgvi g‡b Gi weiæ×g~jK †Kvb K_v _v‡K, Z‡e Avwg †`vqv KiwQ †h GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgvi Kzô e¨vwa nq


A_ev AÜ nB, ev Ab¨ †Kvb RNb¨ Avhv‡e cÖvYZ¨vM Kwi|Ó ZLb mg¯Í Dcw¯’Z e¨w³ wZbevi D”P:¯^‡i ej‡eb,ÔAvwgbÕ, ÔAvwgbÕ, ÔAvwgbÕ| AZ:ci, mfvf½ n‡e| Zvici GK eQi †mB KmgKvix wbivc` _vK‡j g‡bvbxZ KwgwU iæmyj evevi nvRvi UvKv mm¤§v‡b cÖZ¨vc©Y Ki‡eb| ZLb AvwgI GB ¯^xKvicÎ cÖKvk Kie †h, ev¯ÍweK imyj evev nhiZ gwmn& AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi RxweZ _vKv cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| wKšÍy GK eQi ch©šÍ UvKv g‡bvbxZ KwgwUi Kv‡Q Rgv _vK‡e| hw` imyj evev mv‡ne AÎ †imvjv cÖKvwkZ nIqvi `yB mßv‡ni g‡a¨ nvRvi UvKv Rgv bv K‡ib, Z‡e Zvi wè¨ wg_¨vevw`Zv I cÖeÂbv cÖgvwYZ n‡e| ZLb cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB KZ©e¨ n‡e, GB cÖKvi cÖeÂK wg_¨vev`x †jvK‡ì Awbó n‡Z Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi cvbvn& wf¶v Kiv|1

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †imvjv ÒBrgv‡g û¾rÓ bv‡g wjwLZ n‡qwQj| gyw`ªZ nIqv gvÎ nhiZ AvK`vm GB †imvjv †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex Ges Dc‡ivwjøwLZ Ag„Zm‡ii cÖfvekvjx‡ì‡K †iwR÷ªx WvK †hv‡M †cÖiY K‡ib| wKšÍy †gŠjex imyj evev D‡jøwLZ kZ©¸‡jv gÄyic~e©K gq`v‡b †ei nIqvi mvnm K‡ibwb| d‡j Zuvi `j †_‡K nhiZ wgTv RxDb evU,2 wgTv gynv¤§` myjZvb mv‡ne, wgTv †Mvjvg imyj mv‡ne Ges Av‡iv †Kvb †Kvb AKcU gyLwjm e¨w³ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi eqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|

†gŠjex imyj evevi †cø‡M g„Zz¨, 1902 mv‡ji 8B wW‡m¤î :GB NUbvi K‡qK eQi c‡i, hLb nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg Avjøvn& ZvAvjv †_‡K msev` cÖvß n‡q GB K_v †NvlYv Ki‡jb, †`‡k †cøM we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡e, ZLb †gŠjex iæmyj evev AZ¨šÍ `vw¤¢Kfv‡e ej‡jb †h, GB fxlY †cø‡M wbivc` _vKv Zuvi mZZvi cwiPvqK| hLb imyj evevi mZ¨Zvi GB `wjj kn‡ii g‡a¨ DËgiƒ‡c Qwo‡q †`qv n‡jv, ZLb 1902 mv‡ji 8B wW‡m¤î Zvwi‡L †cøM G‡m Zuv‡K AvμgY Kij Ges Zuvi g„Zz¨ wmjwmjvi mZ¨Zvi GKwU wb`©kb n‡q iB‡jv|

(1) †imvjv ÔBrgv‡g-û¾rÕ, 28 c„:|(2) Bwb c‡i nhiZ †gŠjvbv ˆmq` gynv¤§` mviIqvi kvn mv‡n‡ei k¦ïi nb|



1894 mv‡ji MÖš’ :1| ÔnvgvgvZzj eyk&ivÕ- GB wKZve ûhyi R‰bK gyL‡jm Avie gynv¤§` web&

Avng` g°xi Zvn&ix‡K †nRvhevmx‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖYqb K‡ib| GB wKZv‡e ûhyi Zuvi AvKv‡q` I `vwe we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Ly‡j e‡jb|

2| Ôb~iæj&-nK&Õ, cÖ_g I wØZxq LÛ| GUvI ûhy‡ii Aviwe Zm&bxd| Gi cÖ_g LÛ 1894 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m I Gi wØZxq LÛ 1894 mv‡ji †g gv‡m cÖKvwkZ nq| Ag„Zmi gyevnvmvq Ave`yjøvn& Av_g hLb civwRZ n‡jb, ZLb cv`ªx Bgv`DÏxb cÖwZ‡kva MÖnYv‡_© GKwU eB, Ô†ZŠwhbyj AvKIqvjÕ wjL‡jb| GB cy¯Í‡K Avu-nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n I mvjøv‡gi weiæ‡× A‡bK wel D`&wMiY Ki‡jb Ges KziAvb Kix‡gi dvmvnvZ evjvM‡Zi weiæ‡×I bvbv cÖKvi AvcwË Ki‡jb| ZØ¨ZxZ Bs‡iR‡ì nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× GB e‡j D¯‹vwb †`qv n‡jv †h Zv‡ì‡K Ò`v¾vjÓ ejv nq Ges GKw`b kw³ mÂq K‡i we‡`ªvn Dcw¯’Z Kiv n‡e BZ¨vw`| GB eB nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q †cuŠQ‡j, Gi Rev‡e ûhyi Ôb~iæj-nKÕ cÖYqb K‡ib Ges Gi cÖZz¨Ëi †jLK cv`ªxi Rb¨ cuvP nvRvi UvKv cyi®‹vi †NvlYv Ki‡jb|1

3| ÔBrgvgyj&-û¾rÕ- GB wKZve nhiZ AvK`vm Aviwe I E`y©‡Z cÖYqb K‡ib| Gi m¤^‡Ü Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|

4| Ôwmi&iæj&-LyjvdvÕ- GB wKZveI Aviwe I E`y© fvlvq iwPZ nq| GwU, 1894 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z wLjvdZ m¤^‡Ü AZ¨šÍ m~¶¥ evnvm Kiv nq Ges wkqv-mywbœi we‡iv‡ai AZz¨rK…ó c×wZ‡Z ûhyi wggvsmv `vb K‡ib|

5| ÔAvb&Iqviæj&-BmjvgÕ-Ave`yjøvn& Av_g ÔiæRyÕ (cÖZ¨vMgY) Kivi d‡j wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zvi g„Zz¨ nqwb e‡j †jv‡K eû †PuPv‡gwP K‡i| Zv‡ì †kvi‡Mv‡ji Rev‡e ûhyi GB wKZve cÖKvk K‡ib| Zv ûhy‡ii wKQz Bk‡Znv‡ii mgwó| GB Bk‡Znvi¸‡jv Av_g‡K njd Kivi Rb¨ AMÖmi Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ ûhyi mnmª mnmª UvKv cyi®‹vi †NvlYvmn cÖKvk K‡ib| GB wKZve 1894 mv‡ji 6 †m‡Þ¤^‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|

(1) ÔAvj-nvKvg,Õ GKv`k el©, 1g msL¨v, ÔeìÕ 6ó el©, 1g msL¨v|


1894 mv‡ji mvjvbv Rjmv :hwÌ 1893 mv‡ji Rjmv nhiZ AvK`vm †Kvb †Kvb Kvi‡Y ¯’wMZ K‡i wQ‡jb, wKšÍy 1894 mv‡ji wbw`©ó ZvwiL¸‡jv‡ZB Rjmvi Awa‡ekb n‡jv| GB Rjmvq †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ ûhyi †Kvb †Kvb eÜz‡K cÎ Øviv wbgš¿Y K‡ib| d‡j GB Rjmvq eÜzMY c~e©v‡c¶v AwaK msL¨vq †hvM`vb K‡ib|

mv‡neRv`v wgh©v kixd Avn&g` mv‡n‡ei Rš§, 1895 mv‡ji 24 †g :1895 mv‡ji 24 †g nhiZ mv‡neRv`v wgh©v kixd Avn&g` mv‡ne Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`vm h_vm¤¢e `yevi Bjnvg cÖvß n‡jb, , A_©vr, Ò†Lv`v-ZvAvjvi c¶ †_‡K eqtcÖvßÓ GB Bjnvg-g~‡j Avgv‡ì `„p cÖZ¨q GB †h, Avjøvn-ZvAvjv Zuv‡K AmvaviYfv‡e `xN©vqy cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| GKevi nhiZ AvK`vm ¯^‡cœ †`L‡jb mv‡neRv`v wgh©v kixd Avn&g` mv‡ne cvMox c‡o‡Qb Ges `yB e¨w³ cv‡k ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| GKRb kixd Avng` mv‡n‡ei w`‡K Bkviv K‡i ejj, (IB ev`kvn& G‡m‡Qb) wØZxq e¨w³ ejj, GLb †Zv wZwb Kvwh n‡eb ( ) nhiZ AvK`vm e‡j‡Qb, ÒKvwh ÔnvKvgÕ†KI ( ) ejv nq| Kvwh mZ¨Zvi mg_©b Ges Am‡Zï LÛb K‡ib|1

GKevi mv‡ne hv`v nhiZ kwid Avng` mv‡ne we‡kl Amy¯’ n‡j nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi m¤^‡Ü wb¤œwjwLZ Bjnvg¸‡jv cÖvß nb :

Bjnvg¸‡jvi Abyev` GB :-1| Ô†Lv`v ZvAvjv Zv‡K AvkvZxZ Avqy`vb Ki‡eb|2| Ô†Lv`v ZvAvjv Zv‡K AvkvZxZ AwaK Avgxi Ki‡eb|

(1) Ôe¯‘Z: Avjøvn ZvAvjv K‡qKevi AmvaviY cxovi g‡aÏ 1962 mv‡ji 26 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ Rxeb `vb K‡ib| (Abyev`K)

(2) Ôeì,Õ10 Rvbyqvix, 1907 mvj|

3| ÔZzwg wK me© kw³gvb‡K †Pb bvÕ ? (GUv Zuvi Iqv‡j`v (gvZv) mv‡nevi m¤^‡Ü Bjnvg)|

4| Ô†Zvgvi gb¯‹vgbv c~Y© n‡e|Õ5| Ô†Lv`v me©‡kÖô †ndvRZKvix Ges wZwb mKj `qvev‡bi †P‡q AwaK

`qvevbÕ|

nhiZ Bmv gmx‡n&i Kei M‡elYv‡_© kÖxbMi cÖwZwbwa `j †cÖi‡Yi cÖ¯Íve :GB eQiB wZwb kÖxbMi ÔLvbBqviÕ gnjøvq nhiZ gmxn& bv‡mix AvjvB‡nm& mvjv‡gi ÔKeiÕ cÖgvYc~e©K wLªóvb I gymwjg RM‡Zi Kv‡Q GKwU ZvRv HwZnvwmK mZ¨ D`&NvUb Ki‡jb| Ôb~iæj-KziAvbÕ wØZxq L‡Û GB M‡elYv wb‡q m‡šÍvlRbK Av‡jvPbvK‡i cÖgvY Ki‡jb †h, Kvwk¥ixiv mevB ewb Bmªvwqjx| Zviv beyL`& wbrm‡ii mg‡q AvdMvwb¯Ívb I Kvwk¥‡ii w`‡K wnhiZ K‡i G‡mwQ‡jv| Av‡iv AwaK M‡elYv‡_© wZwb Zuvi RvgvÕ‡Zi eÜzMY m¤^wjZ GK cÖwZwbwa`jI kÖxbMi †cÖiY K‡ib| Zuviv cy‡ivcywi M‡elYvi ci Zuvi Kv‡Q wi‡cvU© †ck Ki‡jb| Zv Aej¤^bμ‡g wZwb GKwU HwZnvwmK wKZve Ôgmxn& wn›`y¯Ívb †gÕ cÖYqb Ki‡jb| cÖwZkÖæZ gmx‡ni Avwef©v‡ei GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨ wQj Ôμzk f½Õ Kiv| myZivs, GB M‡elYv Øviv wZwb Gi gReyZ wfwË ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| Zvici, Avjøvn-ZvAvjv Ggb Ae¯’vi m„wó Ki‡jb †h, ¯^qs wLªóvb M‡elYvKvix‡`i c¶ †_‡K GB wel‡q h‡_ó DcKiY m¤ú~Y© avivevwnKfv‡e mieivn n‡q‡Q| `„óvšÍ ¯^iƒc cieZ©x c„ôvq G cÖm‡½ M‡elYvjã wKQz Qwe I cÖvPxb cy¯ÍKvw` †_‡K DØ„wZ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|

1| GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv weª‡UwbKvi, (Encyclopaedia Britannica) PZz`©k L‡Û nhiZ gmxn& bv‡mixi †Kvb †Kvb Qwe cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|1 Zvi gva¨‡g cwi®‹vi Rvbv hvq, nhiZ gmxn& bvwmix wbðqB GK kÕ eQ‡iiI AwaK Rxeb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| G Qwe¸‡jv †ivg bMix‡Z †cv‡ci Kv‡Q cweÎ

(1) Avw` hy‡Mi †Kvb †Kvb wLªóvb weÁ e¨w³ gmx‡ni `xN© Rxeb cÖvwß ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb| `„óvšÍ ¯’‡j, wLªóxq wØZxq kZvãx‡Z Biwbqym wj‡L‡Qb †h, we‡k¦i cyY©¨Zg Av`k© n‡”Qb nhiZ gmxn& bv‡mix| wZwb evj¨, †hŠeb I eva©K¨ wÎKvjB RxweZ wQ‡jb| (wekc Biæwbqym cÖYxZ Ôi‡Ï †e`vZÕ Reputation of Innovations, Z…Zxq Aa¨vq)|


nhiZ Cmv bv‡mix (AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg)-Gi `yÕwU Qwe|

Dc‡ii Qwe `yÕwU 1800 eQi hveZ cweÎ AvgvbZ ¯^iƒc wLªóvb RMZ msi¶Y K‡i Avm‡Q| 1957 wLªóv‡ã G¸‡jv me©cÖ_g we‡k¦i mvg‡b Avbv nq Ges wbgœwjwLZ †bvU mn Encyclopaedia of Britan nica -‡Z cÖKvwkZ nq :-

Ò‡iv‡gi †m›U wcUvm© MxR©vq Kvc‡oi Ici ˆZwi G Qwe `yÕwU cÖvPxb ¯§„wZ¸‡jvi mv‡_ msiw¶Z n‡q Avm‡Q| Qwe¸‡jv wLªóxq wØZxq kZvãxi e‡j mywbwðZfv‡e Rvbv hvq|Ó

33 eQi eq‡m hxïwLªó AvKv‡k Mgb K‡ib e‡j wLªóvb‡`i wek¦vm KZUzKz mZ¨, Qwe¸‡jv †_‡K cvVK †ek Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

G Qwe Øviv Zvui eqm GKkÕ eQiA‡c¶vI A‡bK AwaK Abygvb Kiv nq|

G Qwe Øviv Zvui eqm60/65 eQi Abygvb Kiv nq|

AvgvbZ ¯îƒc msiw¶Z Av‡Q| ÔBbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv weª‡UwbKvqÕ wjwLZ Av‡Q †h wØZxq ev Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z wLªóvbiv G Qwe¸‡jv ˆZwi K‡i|

2| Avgv‡ì mvg‡b BwÄ‡ji †hme cy¯ÍK Av‡Q, Zv‡Z cwi®‹vifv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, nhiZ gmxn& AvjvB‡nm& mvjvg‡K μz‡ki NUbvi ci AvKv‡k DVvb nq| `„óvšÍ ¯’‡j, gvK© I jy‡Ki †klvs‡k Ges †hvn‡bi Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡qi Î‡qv`k c‡` gmxn& AvKv‡k hvIqvi K_v wjwLZ Av‡Q| wKš‘ eZ©gvb mg‡q AvaywbK wLªóvb M‡elKMY BwÄ‡ji cÖvPxb I wek¦¯Í eû Abywjwc cyivZb wPývejx †_‡K D×vi K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡ì cÖwZ `„wócvZ K‡i cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h, G eY©bv¸‡jv cÖw¶ß| 1611 mv‡ji ÔAby‡gvw`Z Abyev`Õ (Authorised Version) G me weeiY mwbœweó wQj| 1881 mv‡ji Ôms‡kvwaZ Abyev`Õ (Revised Version) cv`-UxKvq GKwU †bvU ms‡hvRb K‡i ejv nq, ÒA‡bK Abywjwc‡Z G K_v cvIqv hvq bv|Ó A_©vr, nhiZ gmxn& AvKv‡k wM‡q‡Qb Ges wklïv gmxn‡K AvKv‡k †h‡Z †`‡Lb, cÖvPxb wek¦¯Í Abywjwc‡Z wjwLZ †bBÓ| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, G mg‡qB nhiZ gmxn gvDI` AvjvB‡nm& mvjvZz Iqvm&-mvjvg Zvui myweL¨vZ cy¯ÍK Ôevivnx‡b Avn&g`xqvÕ cÖYqb KiwQ‡jb| Zv †_‡K G mÜvb cvIqv hvq †h, Avjøvn& ZvAvjvI Zvui Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †d‡ikZv‡ì gva¨‡g c_ cwi®‹vi ïiæ K‡ib|

Zvici, 1946 mv‡ji Ôms‡kvwaZ Av`k© Abyev`Õ (Revised Standard Version) †_‡K D‡jøwLZ c`¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges cvÙxKv ¯§viKwjwc wjwLZ n‡q‡Q, †Kvb †Kvb Abywjwc‡Z D‡jøwLZ c`¸‡jvI Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b E`y© BwÄ‡ji nvwkqv‡ZI G †bvU cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q †h gv‡K©i †kl eviwU c` cÖvPxb Abywjwc‡Z †bB| G eviwU c‡`B gmxn& AvKv‡k hvIqvi K_v wjwLZ Av‡Q| D³ UxKvq ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖvPxb Abywjwc‡Z G‡ì ¯’v‡b cÖv‡P¨ I cÖZx‡P¨ gmx‡ni evZ©v cÖPv‡ii K_v wjwLZ wQj|1

wm.Avi. †MÖMix Dc‡iv³ D×„wZi †h Abyev` wj‡L‡Qb, Zv‡Z ®úóB cÖZxqgvb nq †h nhiZ gmxn Îæ‡ki NUbvi ci c~e© †`‡k Avwef~©Z nb Ges cÖZx‡P¨ Zvui a‡g©i cÖPvi Zvui wkl¨‡ì gva¨‡g Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb| Ab¨K_vq, AvKv‡k hvIqvi ¯’v‡b cÖvPxb Abywjwç‡jv‡Z wjwLZ wQj †h, μz‡ki NUbvi ci bv‡mixi nhiZ gmxn c~e© †`‡k Avwef~©Z nb|2 GB n¯Í‡¶c I cwieZ©b

(1) we‡kl Rvbvi Rb¨, eZ©gv‡b M‡elYvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wjwLZ Ave`yj Kv‡ì jv‡qjcywi cÖYxZ ÔgvK©m Kv Av‡Lix IivKÕ (Ôgv‡K©i †kl cvZvÕ) cvV Kiæb|

(2) wm, Avi, MÖxMix cÖYxZ,The Canon And The Testamenents †`Lyb|


†_‡K wK cÖgvwYZ nq bv †h, Pvi BwÄ‡ji †jLK‡ì g‡Z nhiZ gmxn bv‡mix AvKv‡k hvbwb eis wZwb c~e© w`K¯’ †`‡k wnRiZc~e©K AvMgb K‡ib Ges †mLvb †_‡K Zvui wkl¨‡ì gva¨‡g cÖZx‡P¨ Zvi ag© cÖPvi K‡ib| hw` Zvui AvKv‡k hvIqvi e¨vcvi mZ¨ n‡Zv, Z‡e wek¦¯Í Pvi BwÄ‡j Gi D‡jøL bv _vKv KL‡bv m¤¢e wQj bv|

3| B`vbxs nhiZ gmx‡ni ÔKvdbÕ cvIqv †M‡Q| μz‡ki NUbvi ci GB Kvdb Øviv Zvui cweÎ †`n‡K Rov‡bv n‡qwQj| G Kvdb ev ke-cwi”Q` m¤^‡Ü Rvgv©b weÁvbxMY †h bZzb M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb, Zv †¯‹‡Û‡bwfqvi GKwU cwÎKvq Ògmxn wK μz‡k cÖvYZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb?Ó wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|1 cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wj‡L‡Qb :

1| ÒGK `j Rvg©vb weÁvbx AvU eQi hveZ gmx‡ni Kvd‡bi Dci M‡elYviZ| m¤cÖwZ Zv‡ì M‡elYvi dj †cÖm‡K Rvbvb n‡q‡Q| gmx‡ni `yB nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv Kvdb BUvjxi Uzwib (Turin) kn‡i cvIqv †M‡Q| G‡Z gmx‡ni †`‡ni wPý Aw¼Z Av‡Q|

ÒweÁvbxMY G M‡elYv m¤^‡Ü †cvc‡K AewnZ K‡i‡Qb| †cvc GLb ch©šÍ wbðzc Av‡Qb| KviY GB M‡elYvi d‡j K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i ag© BwZnv‡mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© inm¨ †f` n‡q‡Q| d‡UvMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ weÁvbxMY cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, `yB nvRvi eQi Av‡M hv gvbyl ÒA‡jŠwKKÓ e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡Zv, Zv m¤ú~Y© ¯^vfvweK welq wQj| Zvuiv ®úóZB cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h, gmxn& KL‡bv μz‡k cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ibwb|Ó

G M‡elYvq Av‡iv †jLv n‡q‡Q :ÒKvc‡oi Ab¨vb¨ wPý Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, Gi Aa©vsk gmx‡ni †`‡ni mv‡_ Rov‡bv n‡qwQj Ges Aci Aa©vsk gv_vq Rov‡bv n‡qwQj| Zvici gmx‡ni †`‡ni Zvc I Ilya cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j †`‡ni wPý Kvc‡o Aw¼Z n‡q c‡o Ges gmx‡ni †`n †_‡K wbM©Z ZvRv i³ Kvc‡o †kvwlZ n‡q †`‡ni Qvc Kvc‡o c‡i‡Q| ÔKvuUvi gyKzUÕ civ‡bv n‡qwQj e‡j nhiZ gmx‡ni Kcv‡j I Kuv‡ai E‡a© Nl©YRwbZ ¶ZwPý, gmx‡ni `w¶Y wbgœ †Pvqv‡ji ùxwZ, e‡¶i Wvb cv‡k ek©vi ¶Z-wPý Ges †Kvg‡i μz‡ki Nl©Y wPý GB mg¯Í wKQzB d‡Uv‡Z †`Lv hvq| wKš‘

(1) cwÎKvwUi bvg Stockholm Zidiningen. 1957 mv‡j 2 GwcÖj, D³ KvM‡R DwjøwLZ cÖeÜLvbv cÖKvwkZ nq|


Kvigvb DcZ¨Kvi `kwU Mn&e‡ii g‡a¨ cixw¶Z Mn&e‡ii `„k¨|

Kvigvb ¸nvi †_‡K cÖvß gmjvw`mn myiw¶Z nxeªæ BwÄb c~Y© `yÕwU g„Z&cvÎ|

†bvU : wdwjw¯Í‡bi c~e©-w`K¯’ Kvgivb DcZ¨Kvi ¸nv †_‡K cvIqv cy¯ÍK¸‡jv mvsevw`K‡ì Kv‡Q ÔDead Sea Scrolls bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB cy¯ÍK¸‡jv n‡jv nhiZ Cmv gymxni MxwZKvejx, wkl¨‡ì wjwLZ weeiY Ges Avw` wLªóvb mvwnZ¨| G¸‡jv 1947 mvj †_‡K RMØvmxi `„wó‡Z Avm‡Z ïiæK‡i| `kwU ¸nvi g‡a¨ GLb ch©šÍ GKwU ¸nvi cy¯ÍK¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ G ¸‡jv †_‡K wbwðZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h bvmvixq gmxn Ges Zvui wkl¨‡ì ag© wek¦vm AweKj ZvÕB wQj, hv KziAvb Kix‡g Zvu‡ì ag© e‡j ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

μy‡ki g„Zz¨ n‡Z Ae¨nwZ Ges mywe¯ÍxY© f~fvM cwiåg‡Yi D‡jøLI Kvgiv‡b cvIqv hvq|

me©v‡c¶v we¯§qKi welq GB †h, †b‡MwUf d‡Uv gmx‡ni gxwjZ P¶zØq‡K Db¥xwjZ P¶zØq iƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|

μz‡k g„Zz¨ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ Ges mywe¯ÍxY© f~ÑfvM cwiåg‡Yi D‡jøLI Kvgivb ¸nvq cÖvß cyw¯ÍKv¸‡jv †_‡K cwi®‹vi cvIqv hvq|

Ôd‡UvMÖvwdK cix¶v GUvI cÖKvk Ki‡Q †h, †c‡iK nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z bq nv‡Zi Kâvi gReyZ ms‡hvM¯’‡j we× Kiv n‡qwQj Ges GUvI cÖKvk cvq †h, ek©v gmx‡ni ürwcÛ Av‡`Š ®úk© K‡iwb| evB‡ej e‡j, gmxn cÖvY `vb K‡ib| wKš‘ weÁvbxMY w¯’i wbwðZ n‡q e‡jb †h, ürwc‡Ûi wμqv e× nqwb A_©r g„ZzëiY K‡iwb|

ÒM‡elYvq GwUI ejv nq †h, GK N›Uv ch©šÍ gmxn cÖvYZ¨vM c~e©K Szjv‡bv _vK‡j i³ ïwK‡q wbt‡kl n‡q †hZ Ges †m Ae¯’vq i³cv‡Zi `vM Kvc‡o jvMZ bv| wKš‘ Kvco Øviv i³ †kvwlZ nIqvq cÖgvwYZ nq †h, gmxn‡K μzk n‡Z hLb bvgv‡bv n‡qwQj, †m mgq wZwb RxweZ wQ‡jb|Ó1

4| fviZxq cÖZœZË¡ wefvM KZ©…K kªxbMi GjvKvq †h cÖZœZvwËK Lbb KvR Kiv nq, Zvi d‡j wLªóvb‡ì GKwU AwZ cÖvPxb Kei¯’vb cvIqv hvq| GwUI G K_vi mv¶¨ †`q †h, †Kvb mgq GLv‡b wLªó ag© cÖej wQj|

5| B`vbxs wdwjw¯Í‡bi Av‡M I g„Z mvM‡ii DËi w`‡K ÔKvgivbÕ ce©‡Zi ¸nv n‡Z wLªóvb M‡elK‡ì msM„nxZ Z_¨ Abymv‡i bvmxweq nhiZ gmx‡ni wjwLZ eû MxwZKv n¯ÍMZ n‡q‡Q| GB mKj MxwZKvq wjwLZ Av‡Q †h, kÎæiv Zv‡K ea Kivi †Póv KiwQj| wKš‘ †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zvu‡K g„Zzï Kej n‡Z i¶v K‡i‡Qb Ges Kei, Z_v ce©Z¸nv n‡Z †ei K‡i f~-c„‡ôi Ic‡i Av‡bb| ciewZ©‡Z, eû ¯’v‡b wZwb cwiågY K‡ib| GB MxwZKv¸wj Abymv‡i gmxn IB mKj ag© wek¦vmB cÖKvk K‡ib, hv KziAvb kix‡d nhiZ Cmv (Av.) m¤^‡Ü ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|2

(1) Stockholm Zidiningen.1957 mv‡j 2 GwcÖj D³ KvM‡R DwjøwLZ cÖeÜwU cÖKvwkZ nq|(2) ÔMxwZKv-¸‡jv cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`LybThe Riddle of the scrolls, by IB.E. Del Medico.


Avh© I wLªóvb‡ì cÖwZ agx©q weZ©‡Ki c×wZ I bxwZ wba©viK †bvwUk Ges miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ¯§viKwjwc, 1895 mv‡ji 22 †m‡Þ¤î :ag©xq weZK© †¶‡Î fviZe‡l©i ‡h `yB RvwZi mv‡_ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi m¤úK© N‡UwQj, Zviv Zv‡ì KzÑev‡Kï Rb¨ KzL¨vZ wQj| GB RvwZØ‡qi w`‡q Avgiv Avh© I wLªóvb‡ì‡K eySvw”Q| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv‡ì KzÑevK¨ cÖeYZvi Kvi‡Y 1885 mv‡ji 22 †m‡Þ¤î GB Dfq RvwZ‡KB GKwU ‡bvwUk †`b| Zv‡Z fviZ MfY©‡g‡›UiI g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i ejv nq †h, cÖPwjZ ag©xq weZ‡K©i c×wZ‡Z Avg~j cwieZ©b Avmv AZ¨vek¨K Ges cÖPwjZ c×wZi cwie‡Z© GB cÖKvi weavb nIqv DwPZ :

(1) †Kvb c¶ Aci c‡¶i weiæ‡× Ggb †Kvb AvcwË DÌvcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, hv ¯^qs Zv‡ìB Gjnvgx wKZv‡ei weiæ‡× hvq|

(2) cÖ‡Z¨K c¶ Zv‡ì me©Rb mgv`„Z I ¯^xK…Z wKZve¸‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖKvk Ki‡e Ges IB mKj wKZv‡ei evB‡i †Kvb wKZv‡ei D×„wZ w`‡q †Kvb c¶ AvcwË DÌvcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Z`byhvqx nhiZ AvK`vm wbgœewY©Z wKZve¸‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv Bmjv‡gi c¶ †_‡K cÖ`vb K‡ib :-

cÖ_g : KziAvb kixd|wØZxq : eyLvix kixd, hw` Gi †Kvb nvw`m KziAvb kix‡di weiæ‡× bv

hvq|

Z…Zxq : mnxn gymwjg, hw` Gi †Kvb nvw`m KziAvb kix‡di weiæ‡× bv hvq|

PZz_© : Rv‡g wZiwgwh, Be‡b gvRv, gy³v, †bmvqx, Avey `vD`, `vi-KzZ&bx, hw` G‡ì ewY©Z †Kvb nvw`m KziAvb kix‡di weiæ‡× bv hvq|

Avh© Ges wLªóvb‡ì‡KI wZwb wjL‡jb †h, ZvivI Zv‡ì me©Rb ¯^xK…Z I mgv`„Z ag©MÖ‡š’i ZvwjKv cÖKvk Kiæb| AZ:ci, mKj c¶‡K GB wbqg cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, †KD Kv‡iv weiæ‡× Ggb †Kvb cÖkœ Ki‡eb bv, hvi cÖgvY Zviv IB mKj MÖš’ n‡Z cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

cÖKvk _v‡K †h, ag© msμvšÍ AkvwšÍ I †Mvj‡hvM wb®úwËi GwU GKwU GKvšÍB hyw³m½Z cÖ¯Íve wQj| wZwb nvRvi nvRvi gymjgv‡bi ¯^v¶i msMÖn K‡i fviZ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q GKwU ¯§viKwjwc †cÖiY K‡ib| wKš‘ `yt‡Li


welq Z`vbxšÍb miKvi Gw`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`bwb| Aek¨, A‡bK eQi c‡i GB AvBb cvk Kiv nq †h, †Kvb ag© cÖeZ©K‡K Mvwj †`qv ev Zv‡K Aegvbbv Kiv AvBb Abyhvqx Aciva n‡e|

†Wiv evev bvbK hvÎv (1895 mv‡ji 30 †m‡Þ¤î) :m¤¢eZ cÖvq 1872 mv‡ji K_v| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg evev bvbK ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n‡K `yevi ¯^‡cœ `k©b K‡ib| Zvui mv‡_ evK¨vjv‡c evev bvbK cÖKvk K‡ib †h, wZwb GKRb gymjgvb Ges †h Ava¨vwZ¥K cÖmªeY n‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm cvb K‡ib †mB cÖmªeY n‡Z wZwbI cvb K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm e‡jb †h, wZwb †Zv wbwðZfv‡e Rvb‡ZbB evev bvbK mv‡ne gymjgvb wQ‡jb| wKš‘ †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb `wjj wQj bv| GB Rb¨ wZwb wbðyc _vK‡Zb| wKš‘ `xN©Kvj c‡i Avjøvn ZvAvjv Ggb cÖgvY msMÖn K‡i w`‡jb †h, Zvi Øviv mywbwðZ I cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Rvbv hvq †h evev bvbK gymjgvb wQ‡jb| wb‡gœ †KejgvÎ `yÕwU cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj :

GKUv wKse`wšÍ cÖPwjZ wQ‡jv †h, nhiZ evev bvbK ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡ni GKwU Ò†PvjvÓ ev MvÎveiY wQj hv wZwb AvKvk n‡Z cÖvß n‡qwQ‡jb| †mB †Pvjv ev MvÎveiY †Rjv ¸i`vmcy‡ii AšÍM©Z Ô†Wiv-evev-bvbKÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b Kveyjx g‡ji eskai‡ì nv‡Z msiw¶Z wQj| GUv `k©bv‡_© eû `~i`yivšÍ †_‡K wkL m`©viMY Avm‡Zb| †Kvb wec` NU‡j wkLiv GB MvÎveiY gv_vi Ici †i‡L †`vqv Ki‡Zb| Zv‡Z wec` KvUZ| Ò†Pvjv mv‡n‡eiÓ G mg¯Í cÖksmv kªe‡Y nhiZ mv‡n‡ei ü`‡q AvMÖn n‡jv Ô‡PvjvÕ Aek¨B †`L‡Z n‡e| myZivs wZwb h_vixwZ ÔG‡¯ÍLvivÕ (Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q g½jvwkm cÖv_©bvi bvgvh) K‡i 1895 mv‡ji 30 †m‡Þ¤î, †mvgevi Lye †fv‡i K‡qKRb eÜzevÜemn †Wiv-evev-bvbK Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| G hvÎvq hviv m½x wQ‡jb, Zviv n‡jb :

1| nhiZ †gŠjvbv nvKxg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne ivwh Avjøvû Avbû|2| nhiZ †gŠjvbv ‰mq` gynv¤§v` Avnmvb mv‡ne|3| nhiZ †gŠjvbv Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx|4| Rbve gybwk †Mvjvg Kv‡ì mv‡ne dmxn|5| nhiZ †kL Ave`yi inxg mv‡ne (fvBRx)6| Rbve †kL ingZzjøvn mv‡ne ¸RivZx|


nhiZ evev bvbK (ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡n) GiÔ†Pvjv mv‡neÕ bvgK wcinvg|

7| Rbve wgh©v AvBq~e †eM mv‡ne|8| nhiZ gxi bv‡mi bIqve mv‡ne|9| nhiZ gxi gynv¤§` BmgvCj mv‡ne|10| nhiZ †kL nv‡g` Avjx mv‡ne|

`ycy‡ii Av‡M †ejv cÖvq 10Uvq wZwb †Wiv-evev-bvbK †cŠQ‡jb| 11Uvi mgq GKRb AšÍi½ eÜzi †Póvq Ô†PvjvÕ †`Lvi my‡hvM nj| GB Ô†Pvjvi Ici kZ kZ iægvj Rov‡bv wQj| †h eo †jvKB Avm‡Zb, GUvi Ici †Kvb g~j¨evb iægvj ‡i‡L †h‡Zb| wKš‘ †KDB RvbZ bv †h, Zv‡Z wK †jLv Av‡Q| nhiZ AvK`vm Ges Zvi mv_xiv h‡_ó UvKv Ô†PvjvÕ cÖ`k©K‡K Dcnvi w`qv Ô†PvjvÕ `k©b Ki‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm GK GKRb eÜzi cÖwZ GK GKwU KZ©e¨ mgc©Y Ki‡jb| †KD Wvb nv‡Zi, †KD evg nv‡Zi, †KD ey‡Ki, †KD e¶ cv‡k¦©iÑGfv‡e †Pvjvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi †jLv¸wj Abywjwc Kivi fvicÖvß n‡jb| cÖ‡Z¨K eÜzB wbR wbR KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡jb| Rvbv †Mj †h, GB †Pvjvi Ici

[Ôjv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvû gynv¤§v`yi ivmyjyjøv‡n| Bbœv`-Øxbv B›`vjøv‡nj-Bmjvg| Avk&nv`y Avj&-jv-Bjvnv Bjøvjøvû Iqv Avk&-nv`y Avbœv gynv¤§v`vb& Ave`yû I ivmyjyû|] Ges myiv dv‡Znv, AvqvZzj Kziwm, myiv BLjvm cÖf„wZI wjwLZ Av‡Q| ûhyi Kvw`qv‡b wd‡i wM‡q GB md‡ii AwfÁZv m¤^wjZ Ômr-ePbÕ bvgK GK wKZve cÖYqb Ki‡jb| GB wKZv‡e Ô†Pvjv mv‡n‡eiÕ d‡Uv ms‡hvRb QvovI evev bvb‡Ki wjwLZ cyw¯ÍKv ÔRbg-mv¶xÕ n‡ZI eû D×„wZ w`‡q G K_v cÖgvY Ki‡jb †h, evev bvbK mv‡ne GKRb gymjgvb wQ‡jb|

wØZxq, Ôcuyw_ mv‡neÕ| GUv nhiZ evev bvbK ingZyjøv‡n AvjvB‡n gymjgvb nIqvi Av‡iv GKwU gnv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖgvY mieivn K‡i| GUv K‡qK eQi c‡i 1908 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m msM„nxZ nq| wKš‘ GKm‡½ Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© GLv‡b GUvi K_vI ejv nj| Ôcuyw_ mv‡neÕI nhiZ evev bvbK mv‡n‡ei GKwU ÔZeiKÕ| GUv wkLiv wd‡ivRcyi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z Ô¸iæni mnvqÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b K‡Vvi mZK©Zv I h‡Zœi mv‡_ i¶v K‡i Avm‡Qb| GB Ôcyuw_ mv‡neÕ wkL‡`i PZy_© ¸iæ ivg`vm mv‡n‡ei eska‡ii nv‡Z Av‡Q| GB cyuw_ m¤^‡Ü wkLMY e‡jb †h, nhiZ evev mv‡ne me©`v GUv‡K Mjvq Szwj‡q ivL‡Zb Ges AwaKvsk mgq GUvB cvV Ki‡Zb| GB Ôcyuw_ mv‡neÕ


`k©bv‡_© eû `~i`yivšÍ n‡Z †jvK mgvMg n‡q _v‡K Ges nvRvi nvRvi †fvM¨ mvgMÖx I `vb `w¶Yv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GB cyuw_I Ò†Pvjv mv‡n‡eiÓ b¨vq kZ kZ iægv‡j Ave„Z| gv‡S g‡a¨ KvD‡K Ly‡j †`Lvb nq gvÎ| KviY, GUvi `k©b-cÖv_©x‡K bM` GKkÕ UvKv ÔbRivbvÕ w`‡Z nq Ges whwb MÏxbmxb _v‡Kb, wZwb GKkÕ GKevi mœvb Kivi ci GUv cÖ`k©b K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm hLb GB cyuw_ m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, ZLb wZwb GUv‡K `k©b Kivi Rb¨ wkl¨ m¤^wjZ GK`j cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY K‡ib| Zvuiv †h‡q GB cyuw_ `k©b K‡ib| cyuw_ †LvjvgvÎ Zvuiv †`L‡Z †c‡jb ÒwemwgjøvnÓ n‡Z ÒIqvbœvmÓ ch©šÍ wjwLZ GUv GKLvwb Ônvgv‡qj kixdÕ A_©vr ¶z`ªvK…wZ KziAvb kixd| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, GUv G K_vi Av‡iv GKwU g¯Í eo cÖgvY †h, nhiZ evev bvbK mv‡ne gymjgvb wQ‡jb|

1895 mv‡j iwPZ MÖš’mg~n :1895 mv‡j nhiZ AvK`vm wbgœwjwLZ MÖš’¸‡jv iPbv K‡ib :

(1) Ôwgbvbyi ingvbÕ -ÔD¤§yj †jmvbÕ ev Ôfvlv ¸‡jvi gvZvÕ msμvšÍ M‡elYv g~jK AwØZxq cy¯ÍK| G‡Z AKvU¨ hyw³i gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, Aviwe mKj fvlvi RbbxÕ| GB wKZve cÖYqb Am¤ú~Y© Ae¯’vq _vKvi Kvi‡Y nhiZ AvK`v‡mi RxebKv‡j cÖKvwkZ nqwb| wKš‘ c‡i †h Ae¯’vq wQj, †m Ae¯’vq GUv‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq|

(2) Ôbyiæj-KziAvbÕ, cÖ_g I wØZxq LÐ h_vμ‡g 1895 mv‡ji 15 Ryb I 20 wW‡m¤î cÖKvwkZ nq| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi B”Qv wQj, KziAvb Kix‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥K †mŠ›`h©vejx cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ GKwU gvwmK cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡iv| GRb¨ wZwb Ôb~iæj KziAvbÕ bvgK GwU wimvjv cÖKvk ïiæ K‡ib| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, eû Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi Kvi‡Y GUvi †Kej `yÕwU msL¨vB gvÎ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|

(3) ÔmrePbÕ -GB wKZv‡e nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui †Wiv-evev-bvbK mdi e„ËvšÍ wek`fv‡e eY©bv K‡ib Ges Ô¸iæMÖš’Õ Ges ÔRbg-mvLxÕ n‡ZI nhiZ evev bvbK ingZzjøv‡n AvjvB‡ni ag©gZ m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib|

(4) ÔAvwiqv aigÕ -GB wKZve 1895 mv‡ji 22 †m‡Þ¤î cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`v‡mi eû weevn, ZvjvK Ges Avh©‡ì Ôwb‡qvM ag© m¤^‡Ü we¯ÍvwiZ mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib|


RygyAvÕi QzwUi Av‡›`vjb (1896 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvix) :1896 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvix nhiZ AvK`vm eû gymjgv‡bi ¯^v¶i m¤^wjZ GKwU ¯§viKwjwc MfY©i †Rbv‡i‡ji Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib| G ¯§viKwjwc‡Z miKv‡ii Kv‡Q gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡ì ag©xq KZ©e¨ Rygvi bvgvh Av`v‡qi Rb¨ ïμevi‡K miKvwi QzwU †NvlYvi Av‡e`b Kiv nq| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, GK`j †gŠjex Ges Zvu‡ì cÖfvevaxb gymjgvb ïay GB Kvi‡Y Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib †h, GB ¯§viKwjwc nhiZ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Kj‡g wjwLZ n‡qwQj| Ôdv-Bbœv-wjjøv‡n Iqv Bbœv BjvB‡n iv‡RDbÕ|

nhiZ AvK`vm GB K_v Rvb‡Z †c‡i †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex‡K wjL‡jb †h, wZwb G wel‡q †Póv Ki‡Z PvB‡j G ch©šÍ Gi Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm hv K‡i‡Qb, †gŠjex‡ì nv‡Z mgc©Y Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z Av‡Qb| wKš‘ †gŠjex mv‡ne GB KvR wb‡RI Ki‡jb bv Ges nhiZ AvK`vm‡KI Ki‡Z w`‡jb bv| d‡j, †gŠjex mv‡ne‡ì we‡ivwaZvi Kvi‡Y ZLb GB e¨vcv‡i mdjZv bv G‡jI nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Idv‡Zi ci nhiZ LwjdvZzj gmxn AvDqv‡ji mgq GB welq wb‡q cybivq Av‡›`vjb Kiv nq| Gevi gymjgvb‡ì HKë× Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j miKvi GUv gÄyi K‡ib| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, gymjgvbMY GB QzwUi Øviv h_v_©fv‡e DcK…Z nIqvi cÖwZ hZœevb nbwb| Lye AímsL¨K gymjgvbB RygyAvÕi bvgv‡h †hvM`vb K‡ib|

wLªóvb‡ì‡K m‡e©vrK…ó cš’vq wggvsmvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb :†WcywU Ave`yjøvn Av_g m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx Ges Zvui cwiYvg BwZc~‡e© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi g„Zzï ci cv`ªxMY eû †PuPv‡gwP ïiæ Ki‡j nhiZ AvK`vm Zvu‡ì‡K cÖwZw`‡bi SMovSvwU †Q‡o wggvsmvi GKwU DrK…óZi Dcvq wba©viY K‡i ej‡jb ;

ÒGB evnvm mxgvi evB‡i †cŠu‡Q †M‡Q| †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Øviv wggvsmv Kiv †nvK|Ó

wZwb wjL‡jb :- Òhw` Avgvi mg_©‡b †Lv`v ZvAvjvi wggvsmv Dcw¯’Z bv nq, Z‡e Avwg Avgvi ¯’vei A¯’vei hveZxq m¤úwË hvi g~j¨ `k nvRvi UvKvi Kg bq, wLªóvb‡ì‡K wè Ges AwMÖg wZb nvRvi UvKv ch©šÍ Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Rgv Ki‡Z cvwi| Avgvi GZ †ewk Avw_©K ¶wZ Avgvi Rb¨ h‡_ó kvw¯Í ¯îƒc n‡e| Z`ycwi Avwg A½xKvi KiwQ †h, Avgvi ¯^v¶wiZ †gŠjex



Bk‡Znvi w`‡q cÖKvk Kie †h, wLªóvbiv Rqjvf K‡i‡Qb Ges Avwg civwRZ n‡qwQ| Avwg Av‡iv A½xKvi KiwQ †h G Bk‡Znv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi kãMZ ev A_©MZ kZ©I _vK‡e bv|

ÒiveŸvbx dqmvjvi Dcvq GB cÖKvi n‡e| Avgvi †gvKv‡ejvq GKRb m¤§vwbZ cv`ªx mv‡ne wbgœewY©Z cv`ªx mv‡ne‡ì ga¨ n‡Z wbe©vwPZ n‡eb, whwb gq`v‡b †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ Dfq c‡¶i m¤§wZμ‡g wbe©vwPZ n‡q cÖ¯‘Z n‡eb| AZ:ci, Avgiv Df‡qB Avgv‡ì RvgvÕZmn wbw`©ó gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z ne Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqvi Øviv GB wggvsmv PvBe †h, Avgv‡ì `yR‡bi g‡a¨ †h e¨w³ ev¯ÍweK †Lv`v ZvAvjvi bR‡i †KvcMÖ¯Í, †Lv`v ZvAvjv GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †mB wg_¨vev`xi Ici IB ÔKni bv‡hjÕ Kiæb, hv wZwb Zvi cÖwZwnsmv¯îƒc wPiKvj wg_¨vev`x I bex‡K wg_¨vev`x cÖwZcbœKvix RvwZ ¸‡jvi Ici K‡i G‡m‡Qb -‡hgb, wZwb wdiAvD‡bi Ici K‡i‡Qb, bgiƒ‡ì Ici K‡i‡Qb, b~‡ni RvwZi Ici K‡i‡Qb Ges Bû`x‡ì Ici K‡i‡Qb| Rbve cv`ªx mv‡nevb GUv ¯§iY ivL‡eb †h, GB mw¤§wjZ †`vqvq †Kvb m¤cÖ`vq we‡k‡li Ici †Kvb Awfm¤úvZ Ki‡ZI n‡e bv, †Kvb KzcÖv_©bvI Ki‡Z n‡e bv, eis ïaygvÎ †mB wg_¨vev`xi kvw¯Íi Rb¨ †`vqv Ki‡Z n‡e, †h Zvi wg_¨vevw`Zv Qvo‡Z Pvq bv| wek¦evmxi Rxeb jvf GKR‡bi g„Zz¨ A‡c¶v †kªô|Ó

GB Bk‡Znv‡iB GKUz c‡i ûhyi wj‡L‡Qb :

ÒmyZivs, †n cv`ªx mv‡neMY, †`Lyb, Avwg GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `Ðvqgvb AvwQ| hw` Pvb †h †Lv`vi Av‡`k Ges †Lv`vi wggvsmvi Øviv mZëv`x I wg_¨vev`xi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ cÖKvwkZ †nvK, Z‡e Avmyb, Avgiv GK gq`v‡b hy× Kwi, hv‡Z wg_¨vev`xi gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vwPZ nq| wbwðZfv‡e †R‡b ivLyb, †Lv`v Av‡Qb| †mB me©kw³gvb wbðqB Av‡Qb whwb me©`v mZëv`x‡ì mg_©b K‡ib| myZivs Avgv‡ì `yR‡bi g‡a¨ whwb mZëv`x, †Lv`v ZvAvjv wbðqB Zvu‡K mg_©b Ki‡eb| GK_v ¯§iY ivL‡eb †h, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †h e¨w³ jvwÃZ, †m GB hy‡×i ci jvÃbv †fvM Ki‡e Ges Zvui Kv‡Q whwb wcÖq, wZwb m¤§vwbZ n‡eb|Õ

Av‡iv ej‡jb : ÒAvgiv Df‡q GB cÖKvi †`vqv Kie †h me©kw³gvb †Lv`v, GLb Avgiv `yB c¶ ci¯úi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQ| GK c¶ gixq‡gi cyÎ whï‡K †Lv`v e‡j Ges Bmjv‡gi bex‡K mZëv`x Ávb K‡i bv| Aci c¶ gixq‡gi cyÎ Cmv‡K imyj gvb¨ K‡i, Zv‡K ïay ev›`v e‡j Ávb K‡i Ges


Bmjv‡gi cqM¤î‡K cÖK…ZB mZ¨ Ges Bû`x I wLªóvb‡ì g‡a¨ wggvsmvKvix Ávb K‡i| myZivs GB Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ †h c¶ †Zvgvi `„wó‡Z wg_¨vev`x, Zv‡K GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ msnvi Ki Ges ÔIqv‡qjÕ ev Ônvq ûZv‡kiÕ biK Zvi Ici bv‡hj Ki| GK c¶ hLb †`vqv Ki‡e, ZLb Ab¨ c¶ ÔAvgxbÕ ej‡e|

ÒAvgvi GKvšÍ AvMÖn GB †h, GB †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Wv: gvwU©b K¬vK©‡K wbe©vPb Kiv †nvK| KviY wZwb ewjô hyeK| ¯^v¯’¨ Lye fvj| Zvi Ici Avevi Wv³vi wbR Avq~ e„w×i Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡eb| Wv: gvwU©b K¬vK© mv‡ne Aek¨B Avgvi GB Av‡e`b Keyj Ki‡eb| Ges hw` wZwb cjvqb K‡ib, Z‡e cv`ªx Bgv`DÏxb mv‡ne GB †gvKv‡ejvi †hvM¨ cvÎ| wZwb gixq‡gi cyÎ‡K †Lv`v e‡j cwiwPZ Kivi Rb¨ gvby‡li c‡¶ m¤¢eci Ômeai‡biÕ PZziZvi Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb Ges m~‡h©i cÖwZ _y_y wb‡¶c K‡i‡Qb| hw` wZwbI GB f‡q cjvqb K‡ib †h †Lv`vi ÔIqv‡qjÕ wbðqB Zv‡K f¶Y Ki‡e, Z‡e ûmvgywÏb, ev mdì Avjx, ev VvKzi `vm, ev Ugvm nvI‡qjÑme©‡kl d‡Zn gmxn GB gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡eb, wKsev Ab¨ †h †Kvb cv`ªx AMÖmi n‡eb| GB cyw¯ÍKv cÖKv‡ki `yB gv‡mi g‡a¨ hw` †KDB AMÖmi bv nq, Ges ïay kqZvbx IRi AvcwËi Uvjevnvbv K‡i, Z‡e cvÄve I fviZe‡l©i mg¯Í cv`ªx‡ì wg_¨vev`x nIqvi Ici mxj‡gvni co‡e| AZ:ci †Lv`v Zvui w`K n‡Z Am‡Zï g~‡jvrcvUb Ki‡eb| ¯§iY ‡i‡Lv, wbðqB Ki‡eb| KviY mgq Dcw¯’Z|Ó2

wek¦ ag©mfvi Kvh©weeiYx, wW‡m¤î, 1896 mvj :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GKwU KZ©e¨ wQj we‡k¦i me ag©vejxi Ici Bmjv‡gi cÖvavb¨ cÖwZôv Kiv| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zv‡K GÕRb¨ bvbv cÖKvi my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †h my‡hv‡Mi welq Avgiv GLb ejwQ, m¤¢eZ: GUvB me© cÖavb my‡hvM wQj| eûKvj a‡i Zvui AvšÍwiK evmbv wQj Ggb GKwU mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv †nvK, †hLv‡b we‡k¦i me a‡g©i †bZ…eM© wbR wbR Hkx cy¯Í‡Ki †mŠ›`h© cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ AvMgb Ki‡eb| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Gi Rb¨ myeY© my‡hvM Dcw¯’Z Ki‡jb|

(1) Wv: †nbix gvwU©b K¬vK© GwWbevM© BDwbfvwmwUi GKRb Gg, wW, Ges wm-Gg, A_©vr ÔWKUi Ae †gwWwmbÕ I Ôgvóvi Ae mvR©vixÕ wQ‡jb|

(2) 1896 mv‡ji 14 wW‡m¤î cÖKvwkZ Bk‡Znvi, ÔAvÄv‡g Av_g, 34-44 c„:|


1896 mv‡j jv‡nv‡ii †Kvb †Kvb wn›`y m¤£všÍ e¨w³ GKwU ag© gnvm‡¤§jb Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jb| G‡Z e³…Zvi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ cvuPwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv wbav©wiZ nj :

(1) gvby‡li ‰`wnK, ˆbwZK I Ava¨vwZ¥K Ae¯’v|(2) gvby‡li Bn-‡jŠwKK Rxe‡bi cieZ©x Ae¯’v|(3) c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li Rxeb hvc‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wK Ges GB D‡Ïk¨ wKiƒ‡c

mdj n‡Z cv‡i?(4) c„w_ex‡Z I ciKv‡j Kg©dj wK cÖKvi ?(5) Ávb I Hkx ZË¡ jv‡fi Dcvq wK?

g‡b nq †hb Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zvui D‡Ïk¨ ¸‡jvi mg¨K iƒc `v‡bi Rb¨B GB m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| GB m‡¤§j‡bi D‡`¨v³v ¯^vgx †kvMb P›`ª Zvui Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡j, wZwb Zr¶Yvr cÖeÜ †jLvi Rb¨ m¤§wZ Ávcb Ki‡jb| eis Gi cÖ_g Bk‡Znvi Kvw`qvb n‡Z gyw`ªZ K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z w`‡jb Ges Zvu‡K me©cÖKvi mvnv‡hï Rb¨ wZwb Zuvi GKRb wkl¨‡K wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡jb| A_©vr wLªóvb, mbvZb ag©vej¤^x, eªvþ mgvR, wkL, w_‡qvmvwd‡Kj †mvmvBwU, wd« w_¼vi e¯‘Z: cÖ‡Z¨K ag© I g‡Zi cÖavb‡ì‡K Dc‡iv³ cÖkœ mg~‡ni cÖZz¨Ëi †jLvi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Kiv n‡jv| gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb e¨ZxZ †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne evUvjex, †gŠjex mvbv Djøvn mv‡ne Ag„Zmix Ges Avey BDmyd gynv¤§` gyeviK Avjx wkqvj‡KvwU mv‡n‡KI Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv n‡jv|

1896 mv‡ji 26, 27 I 28 wW‡m¤î ZvwiL GB ag© gnvm‡¤§j‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kiv nq Ges mfvi Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvwgqv K‡jR nj wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQj|1 nhiZ AvK`vm cªeÜ wjLwQ‡jb Ggb mgq Bjnvg Øviv Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h, Zvui cÖeÜ mK‡ji Dc‡i _vK‡e, †kªô n‡e| wZwb GB HkxevYx cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ 1896 mv‡ji 21 wW‡m¤î, A_©vr mfvi 5/6 w`b Av‡M GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb| Zv wQj GB :Ò†h gnvag© mfv jv‡nv‡ii UvDb n‡j2 26, 27 I 28 wW‡m¤î 1896 mvj AbywôZ n‡e, Zv‡Z GB Aa‡giI GKwU cÖeÜ KziAvb kix‡di †mŠ›`h©vejx

(1) Zr Kv‡j eZ©gvb Bmjvwgqv K‡jR ¯’vwcZ nqwb| mfv jv‡nvi AvÄygvb †ngv‡q‡Z Bmjv‡gi wkiIqvbIqvjv ìRvq Aew¯’Z cÖvmv‡` AbywôZ n‡qwQj|

(2) g‡b nq, cÖ_‡g GB mfv UvDb n‡j nIqv wbav©wiZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ c‡i Kvh©Z: Bmjvwgqv K‡jR jv‡nvi n‡j mfvi Awa‡ekb nq|


I A‡jŠwKKZv m¤^‡Ü cwVZ n‡e| cÖeÜwU gvby‡li ¶gZvi D‡a© Ges †Lv`vi wb`k©b ¸‡jvi GK wb`k©b| ZvuiB we‡kl mvnv‡h¨ GUv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z KziAvb kix‡di IB mKj wbM~p ZË¡vejx wjwLZ n‡q‡Q, hv Øviv m~‡h©i b¨vq D¾¡j n‡q co‡e †h, ev¯ÍweK Zv †Lv`vi Kvjvg Ges ÔiveŸyj AvjvgxbÕ wek¦-mªóvi wKZve| whwb GB cÖe‡Ü wjwLZ cvuPwU cÖ‡kœi Reve Av`¨cvšÍ ïb‡eb Avwg wbwðZiƒ‡c wek¦vm Kwi GK cÖKvi bZyb Bgvb Zvui g‡a¨ m„wó n‡e, GK cÖKvi bZyb †R¨vwZ: Zvi g‡a¨ cÖ¾¡wjZ Ki‡e Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjvi cvK Kvjv‡gi GKwU msw¶ß, me©v½xb Zdmxi Zvi n¯ÍMZ n‡e| Avgvi GB e³…Zv gvby‡li e„_v evK¨ n‡Z cweÎ Ges wg_¨v Avùvjb n‡Z gy³| ïay gvbe RvwZi mnvbyf~wZ Avgv‡K GB mg‡q GB Bk‡Znvi wjL‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q, hv‡Z gvbyl KziAvb kix‡di †mŠ›`h©vejx cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Ges †`L‡Z cv‡i †h, Avgv‡ì weiæ×ev`xMY KZ Ryjyg Ki‡Q| Zviv AÜKvi fvjev‡m Ges Av‡jv‡K N„Yv K‡i| Avgv‡K me©Á Avjxg †Lv`v Bjnvg Øviv msev` w`‡q‡Qb †h, GB †mB cÖeÜ hv mK‡ji Ici cÖvavb¨ jvf Ki‡e Ges G‡Z mZ¨ Ávb I AvavwZ¥K ZË¡vejxi Ggb Av‡jv Av‡Q, hv Ab¨vb¨ RvwZ Dcw¯’Z n‡j Ges GwU AvMv‡Mvov ïb‡j jw¾Z n‡eb| wLªóvb †nvb, Avh© †nvb, mbvZb ag©vej¤^x †nvb ev Ab¨ whwbB †nvb, KL‡bv Zvui ag© cy¯Í‡Ki GB cÖKvi †mŠ›`h© cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY, †Lv`v ZvAvjv AwfcÖvq K‡i‡Qb †h, †mw`b GB cweÎ wKZv‡ei †R¨vwZwe©Kvk n‡e| Avwg Kvkd RM‡Z Gi m¤^‡Ü `k©b K‡iwQ, Avgvi gn‡ji Ici Mv‡qe n‡Z GKwU _vev †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges IB nvZ ¯ú‡k© GB gnj n‡Z GK D¾¡j †R¨vwZ: weKxY© n‡q Pvicv‡k we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q| Avgvi nv‡Zi Ic‡iI Gi Av‡jv wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q| ZLb Avgvi Kv‡Q ùvov‡bv GKe¨w³ D”P¯^‡i ejj, Gi Zvrch© GB †h GB gnj Øviv eySvq Avgvi ü`qÕ| GwU †R¨vwZ: AeZi‡Yi ¯’vb Ges GB †R¨vwZ: KziAv‡bi ZË¡vejx| ÔLqeiÕ Øviv Zver weK…Z ag©¸‡jv‡K eySvq, hv‡ì g‡a¨ †k‡iK I Am‡Zï mswgkªY Av‡Q| nq †Zv gvbyl‡K †Lv`vi ¯’vb †`qv n‡q‡Q, bv nq †Lv`vi ¸Yvejx‡K Zvi cig my›ì ¯’vb †_‡K wb‡P †d‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| myZivs, Avgv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q †h, GB cÖeÜ Lye cÖPvwiZ nIqvi ci AmZ¨ ag©¸‡jvi AmZ¨Zv ¯úó Ges `„wó‡MvPi n‡e Ges KziAv‡bi mZ¨Zv w`b w`b we‡k¦ we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡e, †h ch©šÍ Gi cwi‡ek c~Y©vK…wZ aviY bv K‡i| Zvici, Avwg GB Kvk‡di Ae¯’v n‡Z Bjnv‡gi w`‡K bxZ nB Ges GB Bjnvg cÖvß nB :


A_©vr, ÒAvjøvn †Zvgvi m‡½ Av‡Q| †hLv‡b Zzwg `vuovI, †mLv‡b Avjøvn `Ðvqgvb nb|Ó GUv Hkx mvnv‡hï GKwU iƒcK Dw³| GLb Avwg AwaK wjL‡Z PvB bv| mKj‡KB msev` w`w”Q †h mK‡jB wKQz bv wKQz e¨q K‡iI GB ZË¡vejx kªeYv‡_© Aek¨ jv‡nv‡i mfvi wba©vwiZ Zvwi‡L Dcw¯’Z n‡eb, hv‡Z mK‡ji wePvi kw³ I Cgvb Øviv GiØvi jvfevb nq †h, Zviv KíbvI Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|Ó1

GB Bk‡Znv‡i GK gnvfwel¨ØvYx Kiv n‡qwQj| GwU †`‡ki GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ †cÖiY Kiv nj| jv‡nv‡ii ìRvq ìRvq †`qv‡j †`qv‡j Zv jvMvb nj Ges e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvi Kiv nj| Zvici, hLb mfvi ZvwiL Dcw¯’Z nj, ZLb mg¯Í a‡g©iB cÖwZwbwaiv Avm‡jb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖeÜ cv‡Vi Rb¨ mgq †òUv n‡Z mv‡o wZbUv ch©šÍ wQj|2 nhiZ †gŠjvex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvUx hLb cÖeÜ cvV ïiæ Ki‡jb, ZLb †jv‡Ki Avðh©RbK Ae¯’v nj| PZzw`©K n‡Z KiZvwj †kvbv †h‡Z jvMj| GB cÖe‡Üi Rb¨ `yB N›Uv mgq wbav©iY n‡qwQj| †kl nj| cÖe‡Üi GKvskI ZLb mgvß nqwb| †kÖvZv‡ì mevB GK ev‡K¨ ej‡jb †h, Zviv GB cÖeÜ Aek¨B ïb‡eb| Gi Rb¨ Av‡iv GKwU w`b avh© Ki‡Z n‡jI Kiv †nvK| d‡j, gWv‡iU‡iiv eva¨ n‡jb|3 Zvuiv Gi Rb¨ 29 wW‡m¤î GKw`b e„w× Ki‡jb| e³…Zvi †k‡l GKRb m¤£všÍ wn›`y, mfvi mfvcwZ AÁvZmv‡i ej‡jb, ÒGB cÖeÜ mKj cÖe‡Üi Ic‡i i‡q‡Q|Ó

jv‡nv‡ii cÖwm× Bs‡iwR cwÎKv Ôwmwfj GÐ wgwjUvix †M‡RUÕ wj‡LwQj :Òjv‡nvi ag© gnvm‡¤§jbxi Awa‡ekb 1896 mv‡ji 26, 27 I 28 wW‡m¤î jv‡nvi Bmjvwgqv K‡jR n‡j n‡q‡Q| G‡Z wewfbœ a‡g©i cÖwZwbwaiv wbgœ

(1) ÔZejx‡M wimvjZÕ Bk‡Znvi, Zvs 21 †k wW‡m¤î 1896(2) Ôc‡i †gŠjex Avey BDmyd †gveviK Avijx mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvwUI Zvi mgq GB cÖeÜ

m¤ú~Y© cv‡Vi Rb¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib|(3) GB m‡¤§jbxi gWv‡iUvi (eë¯’vcK m`m¨) wQ‡jb : 1| ivq evnv`yi cÖZzj P›`ª

PvUwR, RR wPd‡KvU©, cvÄve, 2| Lvb evnv`yi †kL †Lv`v eLk mv‡ne, RR ¯§j KvR †KvU©, jv‡nvi, 3| ivq evnv`yi cwÐZ ivav K…ò †Kvj DwKj, wPd †KvU©; 4| nhiZ †gŠjvbv nvwKg b~iæÏxb mv‡ne †fiex, 5| ivq evnv`yi fevbx `vm Gg-G, †m‡Uj‡g›U Awdmvi, wSjg Ges 6| m`©vi RIqv‡ni wmsn, †m‡μUvix, Lvjmv K‡jR KwgwU, jv‡nvi|


wjwLZ cvuPwU cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb K‡ib| (AZ:ci, cvuPwU cÖkœ wjwLZ nq|) wKš‘ mvKzj¨ M‡elYvi g‡a¨ wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbxi m›`f© me©v‡c¶v AwaK g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ †kvbv nq| wZwb Bmjv‡gi GKRb eo mg_©K I Av‡jg| GB e³…Zv †kvbvi Rb¨ me ag©vej¤^xivB AwaK msL¨vq mg‡eZ nb| wgh©v mv‡ne ¯^qs mfvq †hvM`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb e‡j cÖeÜwU GKRb †hvM¨ evM¥x wkl¨ †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvwU cvV K‡ib| 27 †k Zvs cÖvq mv‡o wZb N›Uv cvV Kiv nj| ZLb cÖ_g cÖ‡kœi DËi gvÎ cwVZ nq| †kªvZviv cÖeÜwU gš¿ gy»er ïbwQ‡jb| AZ:ci KwgwU GB cÖe‡Üi Rb¨ 29 wW‡m¤î GKw`b m‡¤§jbxi ZvwiL e„w× K‡ib|Ó

GB e³…Zv m¤^‡Ü wn›`y‡ì m¤úvw`Z wi‡cvU© GB :ÒcwÐZ ¸iæab `v‡mi e³…Zvi ci Ava N›Uvi weiwZ wQj| wKš‘ c‡i GKRb weL¨vZ Bmjvg c¶ mg_©bKvixi e³…Zv nIqvi wQj| GB Rb¨ AwaKvsk AvMÖnkxj e¨w³ivB ¯’vb Z¨vM K‡ibwb| †òUv evRvi ZL‡bv eû mgq evwK wQj| Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡Ri cÖk¦¯Í evwo kxNÖB fwZ© n‡Z jvMj| K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ mg¯Í evwo f‡i †Mj| wewfbœ ag©, gZev` I mgv‡Ri eû Ávbx e¨w³ Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQ‡jb| hwÌ †Pqvi, †Uwej I divmmn e¨vcK Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj, wKš‘ kZ kZ e¨w³‡ì ùvwo‡q _vKv Qvov Dcvq wQj bv| GB mKj `Ðvqgvb AvMÖnkxj e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ eo eo m¤£všÍ iBm cvÄv‡ei MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³, Ávbx I weØvb e¨w³, e¨vwióvi, DwKj, cÖ‡dmvi, GKóªv G¨wm÷¨v›U Kwgkbvi, Wv³viÑGK K_vq, D”P †kªYxi wewfbœ wefv‡Mi g‡nv`qMY Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Zvuiv âh¨© mnKv‡i Pvi cvuP N›Uve¨vcx ej‡Z wK, ZLb †hb GK cv‡qi ci `Ðvqgvb iB‡jb| GB cÖe‡Üi Rb¨ hwÌ KwgwUi c¶ n‡Z `yB N›Uv gvÎ mgq wba©vwiZ n‡qwQj, wKš‘ mfvq Dcw¯’Z e¨w³iv Gi Øviv Ggwb gy» n‡qwQ‡jb †h, gWv‡iUvi g‡nv`qiv AwZkq cÖxwZ I Drmv‡ni mv‡_ m¤§wZ cÖKvk Ki‡jb †h, GB e³…Zv †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ m‡¤§jbxi KvR mgvcb Kiv n‡e bv| Zv‡ì GB †NvlYv m‡¤§jbxi KZ…©c¶ I Dcw¯’Z RbgÐjxi Awfjv‡mi h_v_© cÖwZaŸwb wQj| KviY, mgq DËxY© nIqvi ci hLb †gŠjex Avey BDmyd †gveviK Avjx mv‡ne Zvi mgqI GB e³…Zv †kl Kivi Rb¨ `vb Kwi‡jb, ZLb Dcw¯’Z †kªvZviv I gWv‡iUvi g‡nv`qiv KiZvwj Øviv †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q K…ZÁZv Ávcb Ki‡jb| GB e³…Zv cÖ_g n‡Z †kl ch©šÍ GKB cÖKvi ü`qMÖvnx I Av`„Z wQj|Ó1

(1) Ôjv‡nvi gnvag©m‡¤§jbxi KvR weeiYx, (D`y©) 79-80 c„:|


cvVK GB e³…Zvi g~j¨ I gh©v`v m¤^‡Ü mwVK gZ MÖnY Ki‡Z PvB‡j mw¤§jbxi c¶ n‡Z mfvi †h Kvh© weeiYx cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj, Zv cvV Kiæb| Zv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K a‡g©i cÖwZwbwaiB cy‡ivcywi e³…Zv mwbœweó Av‡Q| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi e³…Zv †Zv c„w_exi K‡qKwU fvlvi Ab~w`Z n‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| D`©y‡Z Gi bvg ÔBmjvgx Imyj wK wdjmwdÕ, Bs‡iwR‡Z Ôwdjmwd Ae w` wUwPsm Ae BmjvgÕ Ges Aviwe‡Z ÔAvj †LZveyj RjxjÕ|

wb‡gœ G m¤^‡Ü wKQz DPzugv‡bi AwfgZ cÖ`Ë n‡jv :1| Ôw_ImwdK¨vj eyK †bvUmÕ e‡j‡Qb :ÒThe best and most attractive presentation of the Faith of Muhammad, which we have yet come across.Ó A_©vr, GwU gynv¤§` (mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Imvjøvg) Gi a‡g©i †kªô I ü`qMÖvnx Dc¯’vcb|

2| ÔBwÐqvb wiwfqyÕ e‡j‡Qb :ÒA very entertaining and pleasant reading, lucid, comprehensive and philosophical *** evokes admiration. The book deserves to be in the hand of every Muhammadan student and also in the libraries of those who wish to know something of Muhammadan religionÓ A_©vr AZ¨šÍ cÖvÄj, ü`qMÖvnx, `vk©wbK, me©welqK Ges cÖksmbxq| cy¯ÍKwU cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgvb Qv‡Îi nv‡Z Ges hviv gynv¤§` (mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n I mvjøvg) Gi ag© m¤^‡Ü wKQz Rvb‡Z B”QzK Zv‡ì jvB‡eªix‡Z ivLvi †hvM¨|

3| Ôweªój UvBgm GÐ wgiiÕ wjL‡Qb :ÔClearly it is no ordinary person who thus addresses himself to the west.Õ A_©vr whwb GB cÖKv‡i cÖZxPx‡K Zvi w`‡K AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb, wZwb KL‡bv mvgvb¨ e¨w³ bb|

4| GKRb M‡qi Avng`x msev`cÎ †mex nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB e³…Zvi mgv‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb :ÒGB e³…Zv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ m‡¤§jbxi cÖvYiƒ‡c †kªô e³…Zv wQj wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbxi e³…Zv| Zv cÖwm× myKÉ evM¥x †gŠjex Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne wkqvj‡KvwU AZ¨šÍ my›ìfv‡e cvV K‡ib| GB e³…Zv `yB w`‡b mgvß nq| 27 wW‡m¤î cÖvq Pvi N›Uv Ges 29 wW‡m¤î `yB N›Uv me©‡gvU Qq N›Uvq GB e³…Zv mgvß nq| eo mvBR, GK kÕ c„ôvi gZ n‡e| hv †nvK,

Ave`yj Kixg mv‡ne e³…Zv cvV ïiæ Ki‡jb, wK ïiæ Kiv! mgMÖ †kªvZvgÐjx Zb¥q n‡q co‡jb| K_vq K_vq nl©aŸwb n‡Z jvMj| eû mgq †kªvZviv GKB evK¨ cybt cv‡Vi Rb¨ AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| mviv Rxe‡b Ggb my›ì e³…Zv Avgv‡ì Kv‡b Avi ïwbwb| Ab¨ ag©vej¤^xiv †h me e³…Zv K‡ib mZ¨ ej‡Z wK, m‡¤§jbxi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DË‡ii ch©v‡q †cŠ‡Qwb| mvaviYZ:, e³viv PZz_© cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qvi †Póv Ki‡Zb gvÎ| Ab¨ cÖkœ¸‡jv Zviv AíB ¯úk© K‡ib| A‡b‡K wKQz ej‡Zb, Zb¥‡a¨ cÖvYe¯‘ wKQz _vKZ bv †KejgvÎ wgh©v mv‡n‡ei e³…ZvB cÖkœvejx‡K ¯^Zš¿fv‡e MÖnY K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mwek` I m¤ú~Y© DËi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| mfvq Dcw¯’Z †kªvZv gÐjx AZ¨šÍ g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ IB¸‡jv ï‡b‡Qb Ges gnvg~jëvb I AZz¨”P Ávbg~jK e‡j aviYv K‡i‡Qb|

ÒAvgiv wgh©v mv‡n‡ei gyix` bB| Zvi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †KvbI m¤úK© †bB| wKš‘ m‡Zï Acvjvc Avgiv KLbI Ki‡Z cvwi bv| †Kvb my¯’ cÖK…wZ I mwVK we‡eKm¤úbœ e¨w³B Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wgh©v mv‡ne mKj cÖkœ¸‡jvi h‡_vwPZ DËi KziAvb kixd n‡Z w`‡q‡Qb Ges Bmjv‡gi hveZxq cÖavb †gŠwjK e¯‘ I kvLv DckvLv¸wj‡K †hŠw³K I `vk©wbK cÖgvY Øviv my›ìZg I m‡e©vrK„ó iƒ‡c iƒcvwqZ K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_‡g †hŠw³K cÖgv‡Yi Øviv AZxw›`ªq I `vk©wbK welq¸‡jv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zvici, ÔKvjv‡g GjvnxÕ D×„wZ iƒ‡c cvV GK we¯§qKi wRwbm wQj|

Òwgh©v mv‡ne ïay KziAv‡bi, welq¸‡jv ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨vB K‡ibwb, eis KziAv‡bi fvlvZË¡ mvB‡KvjwR I wdjmwdI m‡½ m‡½ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| e¯‘Z:, wgh©v mv‡n‡ei e³…Zv GKwU me©‡ZvgyL, me©v½xb I me©my›ì e³…Zv wQj| AMwYZ Ava¨vwZ¥K m~¶ ÁvbZË¡ Ges a‡g©i wbM~p inm¨vejx gy³ver D¾¡jZv cÖKvk KiwQj| Hkx Z‡Ë¡i `k©b Ggb my›ìfv‡e eY©bv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, mg¯Í ag©vej¤^xivB Zv‡Z wegy», wbe©vK I we¯§qvweó n‡q c‡ob| †Kvb e³vi mg‡qB wgh©v mv‡n‡ei e³…Zvi mg‡qi b¨vq †jvK mgvMg nqwb| Ici n‡Z wbP ch©šÍ mg¯Í n‡j †jv‡K †jvKviY¨ n‡qwQj| †kªvZviv Lye g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i e³…Zv †kv‡bb| wgh©v mv‡n‡ei Ges Ab¨ e³v‡ì e³…Zvi mg‡qi cv_©K¨ cÖKvkv‡_© ïay GBUzKz ejv h‡_ó †h, wgh©v mv‡n‡ei e³…Zvi mgq gvbyl gay gw¶Kvi gZ Avcbv Avcwb Qz‡U Avm‡Zv| wKš‘ Ab¨ e³v‡ì †ejvq AcÖxZ n‡q eû e¨w³ Avmb Z¨vM K‡i P‡j †h‡Zb| †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡q‡bi e³…Zv †bnv‡qr mvaviY wQj| IBme †gvjøv myjf K_vB wQj, hv Avgiv †ivR ïwb| Zv‡Z †KvbI AmvaviY welq wQj bv| †gŠjex


mv‡n‡ei wØZxq e³…Zvi mgq eû †kªvZv D‡V P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| †gŠjex mv‡ne gg`yn‡K Zvi e³…Zv mgvß Kivi Rb¨ K‡qK wgwbUI AwZwi³ mgq †`qv nqwb|Ó1

hv †nvK, G cÖe‡Ü Bmjv‡gi GKwU c~Y©veqe wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡qwQj| whwbB nhiZ AvK`v‡mi c~e© cÖKvwkZ Bk‡Znv‡ii fwel¨ØvYx I m›`f© cvV Ki‡eb, wZwb KL‡bv GK_v bv e‡jB cvi‡eb bv †h, Zv ev¯ÍweK Hkx mvnv‡h¨ wjwLZ n‡qwQj|

1896 mv‡ji MÖš’ :1896 mv‡j wbgœwjwLZ wKZve¸‡jv cÖYxZ n‡qwQj :

1| ÔAvÄv‡g Av_gÕ : GB MÖš’ 1896 mv‡j cÖYqb ïiæ nq Ges 1897 mv‡ji cÖvi‡¤¢ cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z Av_‡gi NUbv IB msμvšÍ gymjgvb †gŠjex, wLªóvb Ges Avh©‡ì AvcwË¸‡jvi Reve †`qv nq|

2| ÔBmjvgx Imyj wK wdjmwdÕ : GwU †mB e³…Zv, hv jv‡nvi ag©- gnvm‡¤§j‡b nhiZ AvK`v‡mi c‡¶ cvV Ki nq|

GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi, 1897 mv‡ji 28 Rvbyqvwi :wLªóvb‡ì †KD hLb †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡jv bv, hvi Rb¨ nhiZ AvK`vm 1896 mv‡ji 14 wW‡m¤î Bk‡Znvi Øviv AvnŸvb K‡ib, ZLb wZwb Av‡iv c~Y©vKvi hyw³ cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK nvRvi UvKvi cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv mn GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb| Zv‡Z †jLv n‡qwQj :

ÒAvwg GLb GK `„p A½xKvimn GB Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk KiwQ †h, wLªóvb‡ì g‡a¨ hw` †KD whïi wb`k©bvejx‡K hv Zvui Ck¦i‡Z¡i `wjj e‡j g‡b Kiv nqÑAvgv‡ì wb`k©b I A‡jŠwKK wμqv mg~n A‡c¶v AwaKZi kw³kvjx cÖgvYhy³ I msL¨vwaK nIqv cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e Avwg Zv‡K cyi¯‹vi ¯îƒc GK nvRvi UvKv †è| Avwg njd K‡i mZ¨ mZ¨ ejwQ †h, G‡Z †KvbI cÖKvi e¨wZμg n‡e bv| Avwg Ggb Z…Zxq c‡¶i Kv‡Q GB UvKv Rgv Ki‡Z cvwi, hv‡Z cÖwZc‡¶i mvšÍ¡bv nq|Ó2

(1) †PŠay‡eq-mv`xÕ, ivIjwcwÐ, 1jv †deªyqvwi 1897 mvj| †bvU : †LjvdZ jvB‡eªix iveIqvq g~j KvMRwU Av‡Q|(2) Bk‡Znvi, Zvs 28 †k †deªæqvwi, 1897 mvj|


GB Bk‡Znvi Qq nvRvi Kwc gy`ªY K‡i cÖKvk Kiv nj| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwm× cv`ªx mv‡ne‡K †iwRóªvwi WvK‡hv‡M Zv cvVv‡bv nj| †KD †Kvb Reve †`qwb| Aek¨, GKRb AL¨vZ wLªóvb †gvKv‡ejvi AvnŸvb MÖnY bv Ki‡jI j‡¶èŠi Ôμxwðqvb GW‡fv‡KUÕ c‡Î KZ¸‡jv AvcwË DÌvcb Kij| 1897 mv‡ji 28 †deªæqvwi IB AvcwË¸‡jv cÖZz¨Ëi nhiZ AvK`vm wewfbœ msev`c‡Î cÖKvk Ki‡jb| †μvocÎ wn‡m‡e Zv gv`ªv‡Ri ÔgyLwei-B †WKvbÕ KvM‡R 1897 mv‡j, 11 gvP© cÖKvwkZ nj| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi cÖwZev‡ì cÖwZev` †KBev wK Ki‡Zv? Aek¨, ûhy‡ii ü`‡q wLªóvb ag© LÐ‡bi GK be †cÖiYv Rb¥v‡jv|

μzk-f½ I Awfm¤úvZ, 1897 mv‡ji 6 B gvP© :1897 mv‡ji 6 gvP© wZwb Ò†Lv`v wK jvbvr I wKm‡i mjxeÓ (Ô†Lv`vi Awfkvc I μzk-f½bÕ) wk‡ivbvg w`‡q wZwb wjL‡jb :

ÒwLªóvb‡ì me©m¤§Z ag©gZ GB †h, whï Ôμzkv‡ivwcZÕ n‡q wZb w`‡bi Rb¨ ÔjvbZxÕ (Awfkß) n‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì g‡Z gyw³i hveZxq Dcvq GB jvb‡Zi Ic‡iB wbf©i K‡i| GB jvb‡Zi aviYvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Ggb KwVb AvcwË DwÌZ nq †h, Zv‡Z wÎZ¡ev`, cÖvqwðËev` Ges hveZxq cvc ¶gvi wek¦vm wejyß n‡q GB gZev` ¯^Ztwm×fv‡e åvšÍ e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| hw` GB ag© mg_©‡bi Kv‡iv AvKv•¶v _v‡K, Z‡e `ªæZ DËi w`b| bZzev †`Lyb, mgMÖ †mŠawU fywgmvr n‡q Ggb fxlYfv‡e wbcwZZ nj †h, Zver wLªóvb ag© wek¦vm Zvi wb‡P wb‡®úwlZ nj| wÎZ¡evÌ †bB| cÖvqwðËevÌ †bB| cv‡ci ¶gvI †bB| †Lv`vi gwngv †`Lyb! μ zk wKfv‡e f½ n‡jv|Ó AZ:ci, wZwb ÔAvKiveyj gyqv‡i`Õ bvgK mycÖwm× Aviwe Awfavb †_‡K ÔjvbrÕ k‡ãi A_© e¨vL¨v K‡ib|

Zv GB :

A_©vr, AvwfavwbK A_© GB †h, ÔjvbZxÕ Zv‡K ejv nq †h me© cÖKvi g½j, me©cÖKvi e¨w³MZ †hvM¨Zv, Hkx K…cv Ges Hkx ZË¡Ávb n‡Z m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ewÂZ n‡q wPi Avhv‡e wbcwZZ nq A_©vr, Zvi ü`q m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AÜKviv”Qbœ n‡q c‡o Ges eo †QvU cyY¨ Ggb wK g½jRbK †Kvb K_vB


Zvi AšÍtKi‡Y Aewkó _v‡K bv Ges ÔkqZv‡bÕ cwiYZ nqÑZvi Af¨šÍi m¤ú~Y©fv‡e weK…Z nq Ges Kwe k¤§vL GB mvgÄ‡mï cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡iB GK KweZvq ÔjvbZxÕ e¨w³i bvg ÔfjøyKÕ w`‡q‡Q, †h‡nZz jvbZx e¨w³i AšÍ:KiY Avg~j weK…Z I wnsmª n‡q c‡o|Ó

ÒGLb cÖkœ GB : †h Ae¯’vq jvb‡Zi g~jZË¡ GB †h, jvbZx nIqvi Ae¯’vq †Lv`v n‡Z gvby‡li hveZxq m¤^Ü wQbœ nq Ges Zvi I kqZv‡bi g‡a¨ AbygvÎ cÖ‡f` _v‡K bv, GgZve¯’vq Avgiv cv`ªx mv‡ne‡ì‡K h‡_vwPZ m¤§vb mnKv‡i GB wRÁvmv Ki‡Z PvB †h, ev¯ÍweK GB jvbZB DwjøwLZ hveZxq DcmM©mn whïi Ici †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid †_‡K wbcwZZ n‡q wQj, GwK mZ¨? wZwb wK †Lv`vi ÔjvbZÕ Ges †KvcMÖ¯Í n‡q AÜKviv”Qbœ AšÍ:KiYgq I †Lv`v n‡Z wegyL n‡qwQ‡jb? Avgvi g‡Z, †mB e¨w³ wb‡RB ÔjvbZxÕ †h †Lv`vi Ggb GKRb g‡bvbxZ ei¸wR`vi bvg ÔjvbZxÕ iv‡L| Ab¨ K_vq, Zv‡KB AÜKvi wPË, †Lv`v n‡Z `~‡i Ges kqZvb cÖK…wZ wewkó ejv hvq| †KD wK ej‡Z cv‡i †h, †Lv`vi Ggb wcÖqRb mZ¨B GB ÔjvbZÕ MÖ¯Í n‡qwQ‡jb, hv cyivcywi †Lv`vi kÎæZv Qvov KLbI NU‡Z cv‡i bv? Ae‡k‡l e‡jb :

ÒmyZivs, hw` GwU ejv KLbI mgxPxb bq, Z‡e †`L! cÖvqwðËev‡ì m¤ú~Y© †mŠawUB f~cvwZZ nj| wÎZ¡ev` ag© aŸsm nj| μzk f½ n‡jv| RM‡Z Ggb †KD Av‡Q wK †h, Gi cÖwZev` K‡i?Ó1

¯^qs Hkx evYx cÖvcK I gyjnvg nIqv m¤ú‡K© DjvgvM‡Yi bvg ebvg gyevnvjvi AvnŸvb :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ×ev`x †gŠjex mv‡nevb †Zv Zvi `vwei ïiæ n‡ZB Zv‡K ÔgyevnvjviÕ (ev †`vqv hy‡×i) `vIqvZ KiwQ‡jb| wKš‘ gymjgvb c¶ Ø‡qi cvi¯úwiK ÔgyevnvjvÕ êa bq e‡j wZwb Zv Gwo‡q PjwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Djvgviv hLb Zvi weiæ‡× ÔKzd‡ii d‡ZvqvÕ cÖKvk Ki‡jb, ZLb Zv‡KI Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Zid †_‡K gyevnvjvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv nj| GB Rb¨ 1892 mv‡j wZwb Kv‡di I wg_¨vev`x AvL¨v`vZv ÔgyKvd&‡diÕ I ÔgyKvh&‡heÕ †gŠjex‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ej‡jb †h, GLb GB Djvgv‡ì g‡a¨ whwbB Zvi

(1) ÔBk‡Znvi,Õ 6B gvP©, 1897 mvj, ÔZejx‡M wimvjvZÕ, lô LÐ, 33-35 c„:|


mv‡_ gyevnvjv Ki‡Z Pvb, Zv‡K †LvjvLywj AbygwZ †`qv n‡jv| ZLb †Kvb †gŠjexB mvg‡b AMÖmi n‡jb bv|

cv`ªx Ave`yjøvn Av_‡gi m¤^‡Ü hLb fwel¨ØvYx Ki‡jb, ZLb weiæ×ev`x Djvgviv Zv‡ì Af¨vmvbymv‡i wLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ cÖKv‡k¨ †hvM`vb Ki‡jb| G‡Z wZwb IB me Djvgv‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ÔBk‡Znv‡i gyevnvjvÕ wjL‡jb| GB Bk‡Znv‡i cÖ_‡g Zvi gmxn gvID` nIqvi `vwe Dcw¯’Z Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb †h, gmxn gvID‡ì KvRB nj μzk f½ Kiv ÔwKm‡i mjxeÕ| Gi wbwgË †kªô A¯¿ nj gmxn bv‡mix AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi g„Zz¨ cÖgvY Kiv| Zvici nhiZ Djvgv‡ì Abym„Z GB bxwZi cÖwZ Av‡¶c cÖKvk Ki‡jb †h, Zviv KziAvb I nvw`‡m ewY©Z ¯úó Dw³i cÖwZ KY©cvZ bv K‡i †LvjvLywjfv‡e G wel‡q cv`ªx‡ì w`‡q‡Qb| AZ:ci wjL‡jb:

ÒGLbI hw` †gŠjex mv‡nevb Avgv‡K fÐ I wg_¨vev`x g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e GwU A‡c¶v eo Av‡iv GKwU wggvsmvi Dcvq Av‡Q Ges Zv n‡jv, Avwg IBme Bjnvg nv‡Z wb‡q hv Avwg cÖKvk K‡iwQ, †gŠjex mv‡nev‡bi mv‡_ GB cÖKv‡i gyevnvjv K‡i †bB †h, Avwg †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg †L‡q ej‡ev †h, Avwg mZ¨ mZ¨B Zvui mv‡_ evK¨vjv‡ci m¤§vb jvf K‡iwQ Ges wZwb Avgv‡K PZz`©k kZvãxi wk‡ivfv‡M †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z Avwg IB wecø‡ei Aemvb Kwi, hv Bmjv‡gi we‡ivax me©v‡c¶v eo †drbv Ges wZwbB Avgvi bvg Cmv †i‡L‡Qb Ges μ zk fv½vi Rb¨ Avgv‡K ÔgvgyiÕ (cÖZ¨vw`ó) K‡i‡Qb|Ó

AZ:ci, ûhyi Zvui HmKj Bjnvg wjwce× Ki‡jb, hv

(I‡Mv †mB Cmv, hvi mgq bó Kiv n‡e bvÕ) n‡Z ïiæ n‡q

wKš‘ gnv AvμgY mg~n Øviv Zvui mZ¨Zv cÖKvwkZ Ki‡eb) ch©šÍ wM‡q †kl n‡q‡Q|

Zvici, Av‡iv AMÖmi n‡q wjL‡jb :ÒGwU wK Avðh©RbK bq †h, G‡nb gnvwg_¨vev`x cÖeÂK I fÐ, ÔKvh&hveÕ, `v¾vjÕ I ÔgydZixÕ †h AbeiZ wek eQi hveZ †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Ici wg_¨v


Av‡ivc K‡i Avm‡Q, GLb ch©šÍ †Kvb jvÃbvi AvNv‡Z msnvi nqwb ? †ZŠiZ Ges KziAvb kixd Df‡qB mv¶¨ †h, †Lv`vi Ici wg_¨v Av‡ivcKvix kxNªB aŸsm nq| Zvi bvg D”PviY Kivi †KDB _v‡K bv| BwÄ‡jI †jLv Av‡Q †h, gvby‡li cwiKwíZ KvR n‡j Zv kxNªB webvk n‡e| wKš‘ †Lv`vi n‡q _vK‡j, Ggb bv nq †h †Zvgiv weiæ×vPiY K‡i Acivax mve¨¯Í nI| Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyû KziAvb kix‡d e‡jb :

A_©vr, Òhw` †m wg_¨vev`x n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi wg_¨v Zvi Ici ewZ©‡e Ges hw` †m mZëv`x n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e †Zvgiv Zvi IB mKj †Kvb †Kvb fwel¨ØvYx n‡Z i¶v jvf Ki‡Z cvi bv, hv †m †Zvgv‡ì m¤^‡Ü A½xKvi K‡i| †Lv`v KL‡bv Giƒc e¨w³‡K mdjZvi c_ cÖ`k©b K‡ib bv, †h e„_v evK¨vjvc K‡i Ges †Nvi wg_¨vev`x|Ó1

AZ:ci, nhiZ Djvgv I mv¾v`v-bkxb‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wZwb wjL‡jb :

ÒGLb, †n weiæ×ev`x †gŠjexMY Ges †n mv¾v`v-bkxbMY! GB SMov Avgvi Ges Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ mxgvi evB‡i e„w× jvf K‡i‡Q| hwÌ GB RvgvÕZ Avcbv‡ì m¤cÖ`vq¸‡jv Zzjbvq Lye Aí Ges ÔwdqvZzb KvwjjvZzbÕ (jwNó m¤cÖ`vq) h_vm¤¢e G¶‡Y Pvi cvuP nvRv‡ii †ewk bq2 Z_vwc wbwðZ Rvb‡eb †h, GwU †Lv`vi wbR nv‡Z jvMv‡bv bZzb MvQ| †Lv`v G‡K KL‡bv webó Ki‡eb bv| wZwb KLbI mš‘ó n‡eb bv, †h ch©šÍ GwU‡K m¤ú~Y©Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb GUv‡K Rj `vb Ki‡eb| Gi cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡eb Ges we¯§qKi DbœwZi ci DbœwZ `vb Ki‡eb| Avcbviv wK Aí ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb? hw` GwU gvby‡li wμqv n‡Zv, Z‡e K‡eB GB e„¶ KwZ©Z n‡Zv Ges Gi bvg ev wPýI _vKZ bv|Ó

ÒwZwbB Avgv‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb, †hb Avwg Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b Ôgyevnvjvi Av‡e`bÕ Dcw¯’Z Kwi, hv‡Z m‡Zï kÎæ aŸsm nq Ges AÜKvi‡K †h fvj ev‡m, †m Avhv‡ei AÜKv‡i wbcwZZ nq| Gi Av‡M Avwg KL‡bv gyevnvjvi m¼í Kwiwb Ges Kv‡iv Rb¨ Ôe` †`vqvÕ Ki‡Z PvBwb| Ave`yj nK MRbex,

(1) Ômyivn gy‡gbÕ, 4_© iæKz|(2) GLb Avjøvni AbyMÖ‡n K‡qK j¶| GwU wK †mB gnvb fwel¨ØvYxi mdjZv bq ?


AZ:ci Ag„Zmix Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©x nb| wKš‘ Avwg `xN©Kvj hveZ Ab¨gyLx n‡q _vwK| Ae‡k‡l, Zvi †bnvZ cxovcxwoi d‡j gyevnvjv nq| wKš‘ Avwg Zvui Rb¨ †Kvb Kz-cÖv_©bv Kwiwb| wKš‘ GLb Avwg AZ¨šÍ wbcxwoZ n‡qwQ| Avgv‡K Ô`v¾vj ejv n‡q‡Q| Avgvi bvg ÔkqZvbÕ ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡K ÔKvhhveÕ I ÔgydZixÕ Ávb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì Bk‡Znvi¸‡jv‡Z Avgv‡K Ôjvb‡Zi mv‡_Õ ¯§iY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avwg Zv‡ì gRwj‡m N„Yvi mv‡_ Avn~Z n‡qwQ Ges N„wYZfv‡e Avgvi bv‡gv”PviY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡K ÔKv‡diÕ wbav©iY Ki‡Z Avcbviv GgbB †Rvi w`qv‡Qb, †hb Avgvi ÔKzdiÕ m¤^‡Ü Avcbv‡ì †KvbB m‡›`n †bB|

ÒmyZivs, GLb DVyb| gyevnvjvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z ‡nvb| Avcbviv ïwb‡q‡Qb †h, Avgvi `vwei wfwË `yÕwU wel‡qi Ici ¯’vwcZ wQj| cÖ_g, KziAvb I nvw`‡mi ¯úó Dw³| wØZxq, Hkx Bjnvgvejx| Avcbviv KziAv‡bi Ges nvw`‡mi ¯úó wb‡`©k¸wj gvb¨ K‡ibwb| Z…Yvw` DrLvZ Kivi gZ Avcbviv †Lv`vi Kvjvg‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vZ K‡i‡Qb| GLb, Avgvi `vwei wØZxq w`K evwK Av‡Q| myZivs, Avwg †mB ÔKv‡ìÕ I ÔMvBq~iÕ, me©kw³gvb, cÖwZwnsmvKvix †Lv`vi Kmg Avcbv‡ì‡K w`w”Q hvi Kmg †Kvb Bgvb`vi i` Ki‡Z cv‡i bv GLb GB wØZxq wfwË e‡j wggvsmv‡_© Avgvi mv‡_ ÔgyevnvjvÕ Kiæb|

ÒGwU GB cÖKv‡i Ki‡Z n‡e †h, gyevnvjvi ZvwiL I ¯’vb wbiƒwcZ nIqvi ci Avwg GB Bjnvg¸‡jv hZ KvM‡R wj‡LwQ, me Avgvi nv‡Z wbqv gyevnvjvi gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q †`vqv Kie:

ÔGjvnx, hw` GB mKj Bjnvg hv Avgvi nv‡Z Av‡Q AvgviB wg_¨v ˆZwi Ges Zzwg Rvb †h Avwg G¸‡jv Avgvi Zid n‡Z m„wó K‡iwQ, wKsev hw` G¸‡jv kqZvbx Kvb K_v Ges †Zvgvi Bjnvg bq, Z‡e AvR‡Ki w`b n‡Z GK eQi AwZμg Kivi Av‡M Avgv‡K g„Zz¨ `vI, wKsev g„Zz¨ A‡c¶vI g›` †Kvb AvhveMÖ¯Í Ki Ges g„Zz¨ Dcw¯’Z bv nIqv ch©šÍ Zv n‡Z wb®K…wZ wÌ bv, hv‡Z Avgvi ¯úó jvÃbv nq Ges gvbyl Avgvi †drbv n‡Z i¶v jvf K‡i| KviY Avwg PvB bv †h, Avgvi Kvi‡Y †Zvgvi ev›`v †drbv I wec_MvwgZvq wbcwZZ nq| Ggb fÊ I wg_¨vev`xi g„Zz¨B †kªq| wKš‘ †n ÔAvjxg I LvexiÕ, me©Á †Lv`v! hw` Zzwg Rvb †h, GB †h Bjnvg¸‡jv Avgvi nv‡Z Av‡Q, †ZvgviB Bjnvg Ges †ZvgviB gyL wb:m„Z evYx, Z‡e GB mKj weiæ×ev`x‡KÑhviv GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z Av‡Q GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi, Kó`vqK gvi `vI| KvD‡K evZe¨vwaMÖ¯Í Ki| KvD‡K Db¥v` Ki|


KvD‡K g„Mx `vI| KvD‡K mc© ev Db¥v` KzKzi `sk‡b aŸsm Ki| Kv‡iv gv‡ji Ici Avc` AeZxY© Ki| Kv‡iv cÖv‡Yi Ici Ges Kvnv‡iv m¤§v‡bi Ici AvμgY Ki|Õ

ÒAvwg GB †`vqv Kivi ci Dfq c¶B ej‡eb, ÔAvgxbÕ|

Ò†mBfv‡e, cÖwZc‡¶i RvgvÕZ n‡Z whwbB gyevnvjvi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡eb, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Rev‡e GB †`vqv Ki‡eb :

Ô†n ÔAvjxg, LvexiÕ, me©Á †Lv`v ! Avgiv GB e¨w³‡K hvi bvg n‡”Q †Mvjvg Avng` ev¯ÍweKB ÔKvhhveÕ ÔgydZixÕ Ges ÔKv‡diÕ Ávb Kwi| hw` GB e¨w³ ÔKvhhveÕ Ges Zvi GB mg¯Í Bjnvg †Zvgvi Zid n‡Z bq, eis ZviB iwPZ †Zvgvi cÖwZ wg_¨v‡ivc I wg_¨v-Dw³, Z‡e GB AbyMÖwnZ, Ôgiûgv D¤§‡ZiÕ cÖwZ `qv Ki GB wg_¨vev`x ÔgydZix‡KÕ GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ msnvi Ki, hv‡Z gvbyl Zvi †drbv n‡Z wbivc` nq Ges hw` †m wg_¨vev`x I ÔgydZixÕ bq, Ges †Zvgvi Zid n‡Z G‡m‡Q, Ges GB me Bjnvg †ZvgviB gyL wbtm„Z cweÎ evK¨, Avgiv hviv Zv‡K ÔKv‡diÕ Ges ÔKvhhveÕ Ávb Kwi Avgv‡ì Ici `ytL jvÃbvKvix Avhve GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AeZxY© Ki| KvD‡K AÜ Ki| KvD‡K KzôMÖ¯’ Ki| KvD‡K evZe¨wa Øviv AvμgY Ki| KvD‡K Db¥v` Ki| KvD‡K g„MxMÖ¯Í Ki| KvD‡K mc© ev cvMj KzKz‡ii `skb Øviv aŸsm Ki| Kv‡iv gv‡ji Ici Avc` AeZxY© Ki| Kv‡iv cÖvY Ges Kv‡iv m¤§vb‡K AvμgY Ki|Õ

ÒcÖwZc¶ GB †`vqv Kivi ci Dfq c¶B ej‡eb, ÔAvgxbÕ|

ÒGB gyevnvjvi ci hw` Avwg GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ gviv hvB, ev †Kvb Avhv‡ei g‡a¨ wbcwZZ nB hv n‡Z cÖvY i¶vi j¶Y cvIqv bv hvq, Z‡e gvbyl Avgvi †drbv n‡Z i¶v jvf Ki‡e Ges Avgv‡K wPiw`b jvb‡Zi mv‡_ ¯§iY Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ hw` †Lv`v GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgv‡K g„Zz¨ I ˆ`wnK wec` n‡Z i¶v K‡ib Ges Avgvi weiæ×evw`‡ì Ici ÔKniÕ I ÔGjvnx Mh‡eiÕ j¶Y cÖKvwkZ nq, Z‡e c„w_ex‡Z mZ¨ D`NvwUZ n‡q co‡e Ges ga¨Kvi cÖvZ¨wnK weev` we¯^¤^v` wZ‡ivwnZ n‡e|

ÒAvwg cybivq ejwQ †h, Avwg BwZc~‡e© KL‡bv †Kvb K‡jgv cvV‡Ki Rb¨ Ôe`-†`vqvÕ Kwiwb Ges ÔmeiÕ K‡i G‡mwQ| wKš‘ GLb †Lv`vi Kv‡Q dqmvjv PvBe Ges Zuvi cweÎZv I gh©v`vi e¯¿vÂj aie, hv‡Z wZwb Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ Rv‡jg I wg_¨vev`x c¶‡K aŸsm K‡i GB kw³kvjx ag©‡K


wecøe n‡Z i¶v K‡ib| Avwg GB kZ© KiwQ †h, Avgvi †`vqvi wμqv †mB Ae¯’vB gvÎ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e, hviv gyevnvjvi gq`v‡b †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z nb Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hw` GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ DwjøwLZ wec`vejxi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU Øviv AvμvšÍ nb Zviv nvRvi Rb †nvb, wKsev `yB nvRvi Rb †nvb| hw` GKRbI evwK _v‡Kb, Z‡e Avwg Avgv‡K wg_¨vev`x Ávb Kie| mv¶x _vK, †n Rwgb I Avmgvb! †Lv`vi ÔjvbZÕ IB e¨w³i Ici, †h GB ÔwimvjvnÕ (cyw¯ÍKv) †cuŠQvi ci gyevnvjvqI Dcw¯’Z nq bv Kv‡di cÖwZcbœ Kiv Ges Aegvbbv KivI cwiZ¨vM K‡i bv Ges DcnvmKvix‡ì gRwjm n‡ZI c„_K nq bv| Ges †n gy‡gbiv, †Lv`vi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Zvgiv mK‡j ej, ÔAvgxbÕ|Ó1

AZ:ci nhiZ AvK`vm IB mKj eû Djvgv I mv¾v`vbmx‡bi bvg wjwce× K‡ib, hv‡ì‡K gyevnvjvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Zb¥‡a¨ gkûi Djvgv I mywd‡ì bvg GB :

Djvgv‡ì bvg : (1) †gŠjex ˆmq` gynv¤§` bwhi ûmv‡qb mv‡ne, cÖKvk Ô‡mvLyj-KzjÕ, my‡ivRMox, AZ:ci †`njex| (2) †gŠjex ikx` Avng` mv‡ne, Mv½vnx| (3) †gŠjex Avey mvqx` gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne, evUvjex| (4) †gŠjex Aveyj Idv mvbvDjøvn mv‡ne, Ag„Zmix|

mydx‡ì bvg : (1) †Mvjvg †bhvgyÏxb mv‡ne mv¾v`vbmxb B Rbve ˆmq` wbqvR Avng` mv‡ne, †e‡ijex (2) wgqv Avjøvn eLk mv‡ne mv¾v`vbmxb, Zzbmex (3) nhiZ wgquv †Mvjvg dix` mv‡ne, PvPouv kixdIqvjv|

nhiZ LvRv †Mvjvg dix` mv‡ne PvPouv kixdIqvjvi mg_©b :GB ÔgyevnvjviÕ mg_©b wK Amg_©b K‡i Reve †`qvi mvnm Ab¨ †Kvb ÔAv‡jgÕ wKsev Ômv¾v`vbmxbÕ †Zv K‡ib †bB| Aek¨, evnvIqvjcy‡ii beve mv‡n‡ei cxi nhiZ LvRv †Mvjvg dix` mv‡ne PvPouv kixdIqvjv, GKwU cÎ Aviwe fvlvq nhiZ AvK`v‡mi †L`g‡Z wjL‡jb| Gi Ask we‡k‡li Abyev` wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë nj :

ÒcÖKvk _v‡K †h, Avwg Avcbvi I wKZvewU †c‡qwQ, hvi g‡a¨ ÔgyevnvjviÕ Reve Zje Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ Avgvi Aemi wQj bv, Zey Avwg GB

(1) ÔZejx‡M wimvjZÕ, cÂg LÐ, 54-55 c„:|


wKZv‡ei GKvsk cvV K‡iwQ| †mB As‡k DËg m‡¤^vab I †iv‡li Dcvq ewY©Z wQj| myZivs, mKj eÜz A‡c¶v cig wcÖq eÜy, Avcwb AewnZ †nvb, Avwg cÖ_g n‡ZB Avcbvi Rb¨ m¤§vbRbK ¯’v‡b ùvovb AvwQ, hv‡Z Avwg mvIqve jvf Kwi| KL‡bv Avgvi gy‡L kª×v I fw³ Qvov Avcbvi Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kvb Dw³ Kwiwb| GLb Avwg Avcbv‡K Rvbvw”Q †h, Avwg wb:mw›`»fv‡e Avcbvi mvay Ae¯’v ¯^xKvi Kwi Ges Avgvi cÖZ¨q GB †h, Avcwb †Lv`vi GKRb mv‡jn ev›`v Ges Avcbvi cÖ‡Póv Avjøvni Kv‡Q M„nxZ| Gi dj cÖvß n‡eb Ges †Lv`v cig `vbgq ev`kv‡ni we‡kl AbyMÖn Avcbvi Ici Av‡Q| Avgvi †kl g½jv‡_© †`vqv Kiæb Ges Avwg Avcbvi Rb¨ g½jgq, me©Kzkj cwiYv‡gi Rb¨ †`vqv K‡i _vwK|Ó1

nhiZ wgqv †Mvjvg dix` mv‡n‡ei GB cÎ `k©‡b nhiZ AvK`vm AZ¨šÍ cªxZ n‡jb G‡K ÔAvÄv‡g Av_‡giÕ cwiwk‡ó mwbœweó K‡i Ab¨ mv¾v`v bkxbw`M‡KI wgqv †Mvjvg dix` mv‡n‡ei Av`k© cvjb Ki‡Z AvnŸvb Ki‡jb|

ˆmq` ikx` DÏxb mv‡ne cxi mv‡neyj Avj‡gi Zmw`K :Av‡iv GKRb mv¾v`v bmxb ˆmq` ikx` DÏxb mv‡ne cxi mv‡neyj Avjvg nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mZ¨Zvi mg_©b K‡ib| Zvi Kv‡Q Zvi †Kvb †Kvb gyix` nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mZ¨Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwbI nhiZ AvK`vm‡K Aviwe‡Z cÎ K‡iwQ‡jb| Abyev` wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë nj :

ÒAvwg imyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg‡K Kvkd RM‡Z `k©b Kijvg| Avwg wb‡e`b Kijvg, Ôimyjyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg), GB †h e¨w³ gwmn gvID` nIqvi `vwe Ki‡Qb, Bwb wK mZëv`x? bv, wg_¨vev`x I fÐÕ? imyj~jøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg ej‡jb, ÔwZwb mZëv`x †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid n‡Z G‡m‡QbÕ| Avwg eyS‡Z cvijvg †h, Avcwb m‡Zï Ici Av‡Qb| AZ:ci, Avwg Avcbvi wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n †cvlY Kie bv| Avcbvi gh©v`v m¤^‡Ü Avgvi †KvbB m‡›`n Dcw¯’Z n‡e bv| Avgv‡K hvnv Av‡`k Ki‡eb, ZvB Kie| hw` Avcwb e‡jb †h Av‡gwiKv hvI, Z‡e Avwg †mLv‡bB hve| Avwg Avgv‡K Avcbvi nvIjv K‡iwQ| BbkvAvjøvn, Avgv‡K wek¦¯Í e‡jB cv‡eb|Ó2

(1) Ôhwggv, AvÄv‡g Av_gÕ, 36 c„:|(2) Ôhwggv AvÄv‡g Av_gÕ, 50 c„: nvwkqv|


nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi m¤^‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb :ÒGui Lwjdv Ave`yj jwZd giûg Ges †kL Ave`yjøvn Avi‡ei cÖgyL e¨w³i Kv‡Q Avwg GB mKj K_vB ï‡bwQ| B`vwbs, Avgvi AšÍi½ eÜz †kV mv‡jn gynv¤§` nvRx Avjøvn ivLv mv‡ne gv`ªvR n‡Z Zvi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K h_vixwZ mg_©K wn‡m‡eB cvb| wZwb eis cÖKvk¨ ìev‡i ùvwo‡q Ô†Pv½vÕ nv‡Z wbqv Dcw¯’Z mg¯Í †kªvZv‡K D”P K‡É e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb Avgvi `vwe h_v_© Ávb K‡ib Ges GwUB wZwb Kvkd‡hv‡M Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| Zvi mv‡neRv`v mv‡neI e‡j‡Qb †h, Zvi wcZv hLb Zmw`K K‡i‡Qb, wZwbI A¯^xKvi K‡ib bv|1

†gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠixi e`‡`vqvi cwiYwZ, 1897 mvj :‡gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠix nhiZ AvK`vm‡K gyevnvjvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| wKš‘ m‡½ m‡½ GB kZ©I cÖKvk K‡ib †h, Òwgh©v mv‡ne mZ¨ n‡j gyevnvjvi gv‡VB Avgvi Ici Avhve bv‡hj nq|Ó nhiZ AvK`vm Gi Rev‡e 1897 mv‡j 15 Rvbyqvix, GKwU Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib| GB Bk‡Znv‡i wZwb wjwL‡jb †h †mUvB gyevnvjvi ÔgmbybÕ ev mybœZ wm× c×wZ, hvnv AuvÑnhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøvg bvRiv‡bi wLªóvb‡ì mv‡_ gyevnvjv Kivi mgq Aej¤^b K‡ib Ges †mwU GB wQj †h, Zviv gyevnvjv Ki‡j GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ aŸsm nZ| cÖKvk _v‡K †h, GUvB ÔgmbybÕ ev mybœZ wm× cš’v| GB mybœ‡Zi c_ Aej¤^b KivB †gŠjvex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠixi DwPZ wQj! wZwb GB KZ©e¨ wePz¨Z n‡q Zvi Rb¨ aŸs‡mi Ab¨ c_ MÖnY Ki‡jb| 1305 wnRix mv‡j wZwb GKwU wKZve Ôd‡Zn iveŸvbxÕ wjL‡jb| Zv‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb :

Ò†n hvj Rvjvj Iqvj BKivg, †n gv‡jKzj-gyjK! †n gnvgwngvgq gnv †MŠiegq! †n we‡k¦i Aaxk¦i! †hgb Zzwg GKRb iveŸvbx Av‡jg nhiZ gynv¤§` Zv‡ni, ÔgRgvDj †enviÕ cÖ‡YZvi †`vqv I †Póvq †mB wg_¨vev`x gvn`x Ges fÐ gmxn‡K aŸsm K‡iwQ‡j (†h Zvi mgq Afy¨_vb K‡iwQj), †Zgwb †`vqv I cÖv_©bv Ki‡Q dwKi K‡mŠix (Avjøvn Zuvi †nvK)| GB `xb `wi`ª †Zvgvi gnvkw³kvjx a‡g©i h_vmva¨ mvvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| Zzwg wgh©v Kvw`qvbx Ges Zvi nvIqvix‡ì‡K ZIev bmy‡ni mvg_©¨ `vI Ges hw` GwU

(1) Ôhwggv AvÄv‡g Av_gÕ, 50 c„: nvwkqv|


fv‡M¨ bv _v‡K, Z‡e †ì‡K KziAv‡bi GB Avqv‡Zi MšÍ‡e¨ †cuŠQvI :

A_©vr, Ôhviv Rv‡jg Zv‡ì g~‡jv‡”Q` Kiv n‡e Ges †Lv`viB hveZxq cÖksmv| Zzwg me©kw³gvb Ges Zzwg †`vqv Keyj K‡i _vKÕ|1

†gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠix Zvi wKZve nhiZ AvK`vm m¤^‡Ü Av‡iv wj‡LwQ‡jb :

A_v©r Ò‡m I Zvi wklïv aŸsm †nvK|Ó †Lv`vi wK KzìZ! Zvi wK gwngv! †gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠix wggvsmvi †h Dcvq wbav©iY K‡iwQ‡jb, GB †`vqvi ci †mB Awfjvm Abymv‡i K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ wb‡RB †cø‡Mi Lv`¨ nb| GLb †gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi K‡mŠixi †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mšÍvb ev ¯§„wZ †bB| †n AšÍ`©wk©MY, mZK© †nvb|

†gŠjex †Mvjvg `¯ÍMxi mv‡n‡ei mL Rwb¥qvwQj Bgvg gynv¤§` Zv‡ni †hiƒc GKRb fÐ gmx‡ni Rb¨ †`vqv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zv‡K aŸsm K‡iwQ‡jb, †mfv‡e Zuvi e`‡`vqv‡ZI †Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuvi mgmvgwqK gvn`x `vweKvix‡K aŸsm Ki‡eb| wKš‘ d‡j wK n‡jv ? KzÑcÖv_©bv Kivi ci K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ wb‡RB aŸsm n‡jb !

weiæ×ev`x Djvgv‡ì‡K wb`k©b cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi AvnŸvb :nhiZ AvK`vm hLb †`L‡jb †h, weiæ×ev`x Djvgviv ÔGjnvgvZÕ m¤^‡Ü I Zvi mv‡_ gyevnvjv Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bb, ZLb ÔBrgv‡g û¾rÕ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K wb`k©b cÖ`k©‡bi e¨vcv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi AvnŸvb K‡ib| wZwb ej‡jb †h, Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Qq cÖKvi wb`k©b Zvi m‡½ Av‡Q| ûhy‡ii fvlvqB wb‡gœ mvi m¼jb Kiv nj :

ÒcÖ_g, hw` †Kvb †gŠjex Aviwe ÔejvMZÕ I Ôdmvn‡ZÕ Avgvi wKZve

(1) d‡Zn iveŸvbxÕ 26-27 c„:|


(ÔAvÄv‡g Av_vgÕ) Gi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z Pvb, Z‡e jvwÃZ n‡eb|

ÒwØZxq, hw` GB wb`k©b M„nxZ bv nq, Z‡e Avgvi cÖwZK‚‡j KziAvb Kix‡gi †Kvb myivi Zdmxi mvg‡b e‡m wjL‡Z cv‡ib|

ÒZ…Zxq, hw` GB wb`k©bI M„nxZ bv nq, Z‡e GK eQi ch©šÍ weiæ×ev`x‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwm× †gŠjex Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m evm Kiæb| hw` GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ gvby‡li kw³i ewnf~©Z †Kvb wb`k©b Avgvi Øviv cÖKvwkZ bv nq, Z‡e Avwg wg_¨vev`x|

ÒPZz_©, hw` GwUI M„nxZ bv nq, Z‡e GKwU cÖ¯Íve GB †h, †Kvb †Kvb L¨vZbvgv weiæ×ev`x Bk‡Znvi w`b †h, AgyK Zvwi‡Li ci GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb wb`k©b cÖKvwkZ n‡j, Zviv ZIev Ki‡eb Ges mZ¨Zvi mg_©b Ki‡eb|

ÒcÂg, hw` GwUI M„nxZ bv nq, Z‡e †kL gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex Ges Ab¨vb¨ weL¨vZ weiæ×ev`x Avgvi mv‡_ gyevnvjv Kiæb| hw` gyevnvjvi ci Avgvi e`‡`vqvi wμqv n‡Z GKRbI i¶v jvf K‡ib, Z‡e Avwg ¯^xKvi Kie †h, Avwg wg_¨vev`x I fÐ|

Òlô, hw` GB mKj wel‡qi GKwUI MÖnY bv K‡ib, Z‡e Avgvi mv‡_ Ges Avgvi RvgvÕ‡Zi mv‡_ mvZ eQi ch©šÍ GB cÖKv‡i mwÜ m~‡Î Ave× †nvb †h ÔZKdxi ZKhxeÕ Kv‡di I wg_¨vev`x cÖwZc‡bœi †Póv Ges KzevP¨ cÖ‡qvM n‡Z gyLeÜ ivL‡eb Ges mK‡ji m‡½B †cÖg I wkóvPv‡ii mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv Ki‡eb| AZ:ci, hw` GB mvZ eQ‡i Avgvi Zid n‡Z †Lv`v ZvAvjvi mvnv‡h¨ Bmjv‡gi †L`g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i †``xc¨gvb wμqv cÖKvwkZ bv nq Ges gmx‡ni nv‡Z †hb AmZ¨ ag© ¸‡jvi g„Zz¨ bv N‡U, A_©vr †Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi nv‡Z IB mKj wb`k©b cÖ`k©b bv K‡ib hvØviv Bmjv‡gi evK¨ m‡ev©cwi cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i, hvi d‡j Pviw`K n‡Z Bmjv‡g †jvK cÖ‡ek ïiæ K‡i Ges wLªóvb a‡g©i AmZ¨ Dcvm¨ jq cvq Ges c„w_ex Ab¨ cÖKvi iƒc aviY K‡i, Z‡e Avwg †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg †L‡q ejwQ †h Avwg Avgv‡K wg_¨vev`x g‡b Kie| GB mvZ eQi †Kvb †ewk mgq bq| GB cÖKvi gnvcwieZ©b GZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ mvab Kiv gvby‡li KZ…©Z¡vaxb bq| myZivs, Avwg mv”Pv w`‡j Ges †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg mn GwU ¯^xKvi KiwQ Ges Avcbv‡`i mKj‡K Avjøvni bv‡g †mvjvni w`‡K AvnŸvb KiwQ| Avcbviv GLb †Lv`v ZvAvjv‡K fq Kiæb| hw` Avwg Avjøvn


ZvAvjvi Zid n‡Z bv n‡q _vwK, Z‡e Avwg aŸsm ne| bZzev, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi gvgyi‡K †KD aŸsm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó1

nhiZ AvK`vm M‡qi Avng`x gymjgvb‡ì‡K GB AvnŸvb Kivi g~‡j wQj Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii †h KvR ûhyi KiwQ‡jb, †gŠjex mv‡nevb Zv‡Z cÖwZeÜK nw”Q‡jb| Zviv wPrKvi KiwQ‡jb †h, Giv gymjgvb bq| BZ¨vw`, BZ¨vw`| hw` Ab¨‡ì †gvKv‡ejvq mgMÖ gymjgvb mw¤§wjZfv‡e e~¨n iPbv Ki‡Zb, Z‡e wbwðZB K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B fviZe‡l©i wPÎ Avg~j cwiewZ©Z nZ| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, gymjgvb‡ì cvi¯úwiK Kzd‡ii d‡ZvqvevwR Bmjvg a‡g©i mvsNvwZK ¶wZ Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm Pvi cvuP eQi ci 1901 mv‡j cybivq GB cÖ¯Íve Dcw¯’Z K‡ib Ges mwÜi gyÏZI n«vm K‡i gvÎ wZb eQi K‡ib| wKš‘ `y:‡Li welq, †gŠjex mv‡nevb GB cÖ¯ÍveI AvMÖvn¨ Ki‡jb|2

(1) Ôhwggv AvÄv‡g Av_gÕ, 20-35 c„|(2) Bk‡Znvi Zvs 5 gvP©, 1901 mvj; ÔZejx‡M †imvjZÕ, `kg LÐ, 6 c„ :|

cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx :cwÐZ †jLivg AwZkq Zx¶è KUzfvlx I wLªó cÖK…wZi Avh©mgvRx †bZv wQ‡jb| nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvB‡nm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg hLb 1885 mv‡j Agymjgvb‡ì‡K wb`k©b cÖ`k©bv‡_© Avnevb K‡ib, ZLb wZwbI †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Kvw`qvb AvMgb K‡ib Ges weiæ×evw`‡ì mv‡_ wKQzw`b evm K‡i wd‡ihvb| wZwb evi evi nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Kv‡Q wb`k©b PvB‡Z _v‡Kb Ges ej‡Z _v‡Kb, ÒAvgvi m¤^‡Ü hv B”Qv fwel¨ØvYx Kiæb, Avwg Zv‡Z m¤§Z AvwQ|Ó3 nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui Rb¨ †`vqv Ki‡jb| ZLb Bjnvg nj :

[ÒBRjyb Rvmv`yj jvû LyIqviæb jvû bvmveyI I AvhveybÓ]

(1) Bk‡Znvi 1893 mv‡ji 20 †deªæqvwi|(2) IB, ÔZejx‡M wimvjZÕ, Z…Zxq LÐ|(3) 20 †deªæqvwi 1893 mv‡ji Bk‡Znvi|


cwÛZ †jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨ kh¨v

A_©vr, Ò‡m GKwU cÖvYnxb †Mv erm Gi wfZi n‡Z GK cÖKvi N„wYZ kã evi n‡”Q| Agh©v`v m~PK eënvi Ges Kzev‡Pï cÖwZdj ¯îƒc mvRv, `y:L I Avhve wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q| Zv †m Aek¨B †fvM Ki‡e|Ó 1

GB Bjnv‡gi ci 1893 mv‡ji 20 †deªæqvwi nhiZ AvK`vm GB Avhv‡ei mgq KLb Rvbvi Rb¨ a¨vb gMœ n‡j ZLb Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zuvi Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡ib :

ÒAvR‡Ki ZvwiL, 20 †deªæqvwi, 1893 mvj n‡Z Qq eQi mg‡qi g‡a¨ GB e¨w³ Zvi Kzfvlv cÖ‡qv‡Mi mvRv iƒ‡c, A_v©r †h mKj †e-Avèx GB e¨w³ imyjyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n I mvjøv‡gi m¤^‡Ü K‡i‡Q, IB mK‡ji mvRv iƒ‡c fxlY Avhve MÖ¯Í n‡e|Ó2

G m¤^‡Ü nhiZ AvK`vm Av‡iv GKwU Bjnvg cÖvß n‡jb :

[ÔBq~Khv Avgiæû wd †mwËbÕ]

A_v©r cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi wel‡qi cwimgvwß Q‡qi g‡a¨ Kiv n‡e|Ó3

nhiZ AvK`vm 1893 mv‡ji 20 †deªæqvixi Bk‡Znv‡ii cÖ_‡g cwÐZ †jLivg m¤^‡Ü wbgœwjwLZ dviwm Kve¨ c`vejxI wj‡LwQ‡jb :

A_v©r, Òmveavb, Bmjv‡gi I‡n AÁ I wec_Mvgx kÎæ! Zzwg gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøv‡gi Zx¶è Zievwi‡K fq Ki| Avjøvn ZvAvjv ch©šÍ †cŠQvi †h c_ gvbyl nvwi‡q‡Q, G‡m! Bnv gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n

(1) IB, ÔZejx‡M wimvjZÕ, Z…Zxq LÐ|(2) Bk‡Znvi 20 †deªæqvwi, 1893 mvj ÔZejx‡M wimvjZÕ, Z…Zxq LÐ|(3) ÔB‡¯Íd&ZvnÕ (D`~©) cvÙxKv 17 c„:|


Iqv mvjøv‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥K mšÍvb Ges Zvi AvbxZ a‡g©i mg_©K‡ì Kv‡Q AbymÜvb Ki| AewnZ nI, I‡n gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi gh©v`v Ges Zuvi D¾¡j †R¨vwZ A¯^xKviKvix! hwÌ †Kivg‡Zi bvg I wPý †bB, G‡m, gynv¤§v` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvjøv‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥K mšÍvb I †meK‡ì Kv‡Q `k©b Ki|Ó

Zvi ci, 1893 mv‡ji 2 GwcÖj, nhiZ AvK`vm GK Bk‡Znvi Øviv †Nvlbv K‡ib :

ÒAvR, 2 GwcÖj, 1893 mvj gyZv‡eK 14 gv‡n igRvb, 1310 wnRix †fv‡i wKQzUv Z›`ªve¯’vq Avwg `k©b Kijvg †h, Avwg GKwU weivU AvqZb evwo‡Z Dcweó AvwQ& K‡qKRb eÜzI Avgvi Kv‡Q Av‡Qb| BwZg‡a¨ GKRb wecyjvqZb, ewjó, fqvbK AvK…wZ wewkó e¨w³ †hb Zvi †Pnviv n‡Z i³ SiSi K‡i wbcwZZ n‡”Q Avgvi m¤§~‡L G‡m `vovj| Avwg hLb †PvL Zzwjqv †`Ljvg, ZLb Avwg Rvb‡Z cvijvg †h, †m GKRb Awfbe †`n I PwiÎ wewkó e¨vw³| Ab¨ K_vq, gvbyl bq| wbg©g, K‡Vvi cÖK…wZ †d‡ikZv‡ì Ab¨Zg| mK‡ji g‡bB Zvi nhiZ AwaKvi Kij| Avwg Zvi cÖwZ ZvKvb Ae¯’vqB wQjvg, †m Avgv‡K wRÁvmv Kij, Ô‡jLivg †Kv_vq? Av‡iv GK e¨w³i bvg wb‡q ejj †h, Ag~K †Kv_vq? ZLb Avwg eywS‡Z cwijvg †h, GB e¨w³ †jLivg Ges Aci e¨w³‡K `Ð †`qvi Rb¨ wbhy³ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Aci e¨w³ †K wQj, Avgvi ¯§iY _vKj bv|1 Zvici, wZwb 1893 m‡bB m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Lvub giûg mv‡ne‡K Zvi wKZve ÔeiKvZz` †`vqvÕ †Z m‡¤^vab c~e©K wj‡LwQ‡jb :

A_v©r, ÒI‡n, GB †h Zzwg ej‡Qv, †`vqvi †Kvb wμqv _vK‡j Zv †Kv_vq? Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡mv| Avwg †Zvgv‡K wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨q †`vqvi wμqv cÖZ¨¶ Kiv‡ev| Zzwg †Lv`v ZvAvjvi m~²vwZm~² KzìZ mg~n‡K A¯^xKvi K‡iv bv| hw` †`vqvi wμqv †`Lvi AvMÖn _v‡K, Z‡e Gm Ges Avgvi †`vqvi dj †`L| GÕe¨w³ m¤^‡Ü †Lv`v Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb †h, Keyj n‡q‡Q| A_v©r, Ò†jLivg m¤^‡Ü Avgvi †`vqv|Ó

(1) ÔAvqbv‡q Kvgvjv‡Z Bmjvg|Õ



Zvici, 1893 mv‡j cÖbxZ Zvi wKZve Ô‡KivgvZzm mv‡`Kx‡bÕ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

A_v©r, ÒAvgv‡K †jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü †Lv`v ZvAvjv mymsev` w`‡q‡Qb Ges e‡j‡Qb †h, kxNÖB Zzwg †mB C‡ì w`‡bi cwiPq jvf Ki‡e Ges cÖK…Z C‡ì w`bI †mB C‡ì wbKUeZx© n‡e|Ó

cwÐZ †jLivg mv‡ne evi evi wb`k©b †`L‡Z PvIqvq nhiZ AvK`vm Zv‡K †h wb`k©b †`Lv‡Z PvB‡jb, Zr-msμvšÍ fwel¨ØvYxi Avgiv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLb wP‡Îi Ab¨ w`KI †`Lyb|

cwÐZ †jLivg mv‡ne †h‡nZz nhiZ AvK`v‡mi fwel¨ØvYx ¸‡jvi cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiv G‡Kev‡iB A‡hvM¨ g‡b Ki‡Zb, †mB Rb¨ hZB nhiZ AvK`v‡mi c¶ n‡Z m¤ú~Y© ¯úó fwel¨ØvYx Kiv nj, ZZB a„óZvi I `yóZvi AviI †ewk cwÐZRx AMÖmi n‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb GKwU åvšÍ aviYvi ekeZx© n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb K‡qK eQi Av‡M nhiZ AvK`vm m¤^‡Ü fwel¨ØvYx Ki‡Z wM‡q `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb :

ÒGB e¨w³ (A_©vr nhiZ wgh©v mv‡ne) wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ welywPKv †iv‡M cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡e| KviY, wZwb (bvDh~wejøvn) †Nvi wg_¨vev`x, Kvhhve|Ó

Av‡iv wj‡LwQ‡jb :

ÒwZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Gi cwimgvwß NU‡e Ges Zvi mšÍvb‡ì g‡aÏ †KD Aewkó _vK‡e bv|Ó1

wZwb †f‡ewQ‡jb †h, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi fwel¨ØvYxI (bvDh~wejøvn) GB cÖKv‡iB wg_¨vq cwiYZ n‡e|

wKš‘ gnvgwngvwš^Z gnv †MŠiegq Ôhyj-RvjvjÕ †Lv`vi †kl wggvsmv †`Lyb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi fwel¨ØvYxi cÂg e‡l© †hgb GKwU Gjnv‡g ejv n‡qwQj, [ÒBq~Khv Avgiæû wd-‡mwËbÓ] A_v©r, ÒcwÐZ †jLivg mv‡n‡ei e¨vcvi Qq eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †kl Kiv n‡e|Ó Z`ªƒcB C`yj Avhnvi ci w`b 1898 mv‡ji 6 gvP© mÜ¨v 6Uvi mgq fwel¨ØvYx Abymv‡i

(1) ÔcwÐZ †jLivg cÖYxZ, ÔZKhx‡i evivnx‡b Avng`xqv,; 311 c„ :|


cwÛZ †jLivg wbnZ n‡jb1 Ges GB cÖKv‡i wbwðZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ nj †h, nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvB‡nm mvjv‡gi fwel¨ØvYx Zvi wb‡Ri w`K n‡Z wQj bv, eis ÔAvjøvgyj-¸q~eÕ AšÍh©vgx †Lv`vi Zid n‡Z wQj|

nZ¨vi cieZx© NUbv :cwÐZ †jLivg mv‡ne Avh© mgv‡Ri GKRb cÖwm× †bZv wQ‡jb| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi fwel¨ØvYx m¤^‡Ü M„‡n M„‡n e¨vcK Av‡jvPbv nw”Q‡jv| AZGe, hLb cwÐZ mv‡n‡ei nZ¨vKvÐ NUj, ZLb †`kgq wPrKvi ïiæ nj| wn›`y cwÎKv¸‡jv GB nZ¨v‡K †LvjvLywjfv‡e nhiZ AvK`v‡mi lohš¿ e‡j wb‡`©k Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm‡K nZ¨v Kivi ûgwK w`qv eû †ebvgx wPwV †jLK nj| ¸ß msMVb¸‡jv‡Z nZ¨vKvixi cwiPq`vZvi Rb¨ Ges nhiZ AvK`vm‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ eo eo cyi¯‹vi avh© nj| wKš‘ nZ¨v mÜvb cvIqvi K_v wQj bv, cvqwb| Zvici, nhiZ mv‡n‡ei †ndvR‡Zi welq| Gi fvi †Lv`v ZvAvjv wbR nv‡Z MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zuv‡K Bjnvg Øviv ÁvZ KwiqvwQ‡jb :

[ÒI Avjøvû Bqv‡mgyKv wgbvb bvmÓ|]

A_©vr ÒAvjøvn ZvAvjv †Zvgv‡K gvby‡li AvμgY n‡Z i¶v Ki‡ebÓ|2

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi M„n Zjøvwm :hLb wn›`y‡`i †Kvb †Póv PwiÎB Kvh©Kix nj bv, ZLb Zviv MfY©‡g‡›Ui Ici Pvc w`‡Z jvM‡jb †h nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× nZ¨vi loh‡š¿i †gvKÏgv Pvjvb †nvK! d‡j, L¨vZbvgv I we‡kl AwfÁ miKvwi †Mv‡q›`viv wbhy³ n‡jb| Zviv bvbv w`K w`qv Z`šÍ ïiæ Ki‡jb| jv‡nv‡i Ges Ag„Zm‡ii m¤£všÍ gymjgvb‡`i evwo‡ZI Lvbv Zjøvwk n‡jv| 1897 mv‡j 8 GwcÖj, wgt wjgviPÐ (Gm-wc, ¸iæ`vmcyi) Ges evUvjvi †WcywU cywjk BÝ‡c±i wgqvu gynv¤§` eLk mv‡ne AímsL¨K GK `j cywjmmn G‡m nhiZ AvK`‡mi M„‡niI Zvjøvwk Ki‡jb| wKš‘ d‡j BnvB wbY©xZ n‡jv †h, wZwb ev Zvuiv Rvgv'†Zi mv‡_ GB NUbvi †KvbB m¤úK© bvB| (1) nZ¨vKv‡Ði e„ËvšÍ †kl c„ôvq `ªóe¨|(2) ÔAvÄv‡g Av_gÕ 51-62 c„ôvq cÖKvwkZ 1896 mv‡j cÖvß Gjnvgv‡Zi AšÍM©Z|


nZ¨vi loh‡š¿ nhiZ AvK`vm wjß _vKvi m‡›`n‡cvlYKvix‡K m`yc‡`k :Avh© †cÖm Ges Avh© †bZviv Zvu‡KB GB nZ¨vKv‡Ði Rb¨ `vqx g‡b Ki‡Zb e‡j wZwb Ò†jLiv‡gi g„Zz¨ m¤^‡Ü Avh©‡`i aviYvÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GB Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk Ki‡jb| Zv‡Z wjwLZ nj :

Òhw` GL‡bv †Kvb m‡›`nKvixi m‡›`n `~i bv nq Ges Avgv‡K GB nZ¨vKv‡Ð loh‡š¿ RwoZ ewjqv g‡b K‡ib, †hgb wn›`y cwÎKvmg~n gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q, Zv n‡j Avwg GKwU m`yc‡`k w`w”Q, hv Øviv GB NUbvi wggvsmv n‡q hv‡e Ges Zvnj Awf‡hvMKvix e¨w³ Avgvi m¤§y‡L njd Ki‡e| nj‡di fvlv Gfv‡e n‡e : ÔAvwg wbwðZfv‡e Rvwb †h GB e¨w³ (A_v©r, nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvB‡nm mvjvg) nZ¨vi loh‡š¿ wjß wQj, ev ZuvivB Av‡`‡k nZ¨vKvÐ N‡U‡Q| hw` Zv mZ¨ bq, Z‡e †n me©kw³gvb †Lv`v! GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgvi Ici fqven ÔAvhveÕ AeZxY© Ki, wKš‘ †Kvb gvby‡li nv‡Z bq Ges gvby‡li loh‡š¿i †hb G‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi AwaKvi _vKv aviYv Kiv bv hvq|Õ AZ:ci, hw` GB e¨w³ (A_v©r kc_Kvix) GK eQi ch©šÍ Avgvi e`‡`vqv n‡Z i¶v cvq, Z‡e Avwg Acivax Ges nZ¨vKvixi cÖvc¨ `‡Ði †hvM¨| GLb hw` †Kvb mvnmx Avh© exi cyiæl _v‡K †h GB cÖKv‡i mviv wek¦‡K mskqgy³ K‡i Z‡e GB cš’v Aej¤^b KiæK|Ó1

M½vweòzi `y:mvnm I c„ô cÖ`k©b :nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB nj‡di AvnŸv‡bi †gvKv‡ejvq †KD GB cÖKvi kc_ Kivi `y:mvnm K‡iwb| Avh© mgv‡Ri ga¨ n‡Z gvÎ R‰bK M½vweòz Zvui Kv‡Q wjL‡jb, ÒAvwg kc_ Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z|Ó wKš‘ Gi Rb¨ wZwb wZbwU kZ©I Dcw¯’Z Ki‡jb| cÖ_g, hw` fwel¨ØvYx mdj bv nq, Z‡e (bvDh~wejøvn wgb hv‡jKv) nhiZ AvK`m‡K dvwmi `Ð †c‡Z n‡e| wØZxq, M½vweòzi Rb¨ `k nvRvi UvKv MfY©‡g‡›Ui Kv‡Q Rgv Ki‡Z n‡e, ev †Kvb wek¦¯Í e¨v‡¼ Rgv Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z M½vweòz wbwðZ _vK‡Z cv‡ib Ges e`‡`vqvq Zvi g„Zz¨ bv NU‡j wZwb UvKv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z…Zxq, hLb wZwb Kvw`qvb

(1) Bk‡Znvi, 15 gvP©, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ 52 c„:|


Avm‡eb, ZLb G e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, wZwb †jLiv‡gi b¨vq wbnZ n‡eb bv|1

M½vweòz gnvk‡qi GB wZb kZ©‡KB nhiZ AvK`vm gÄyi Ki‡jb Ges wjL‡jb †h, M½vweòz wbgœwjwLZ K_vq kc_ Kiæb :

ÒAvwg Agy‡Ki cyÎ AgyK, RvwZ AgyK, mvwKb AgyK, †Rjv AgyK Avjøvn Rvjøv kvbyûi, ev ci‡gk¦‡ii kc_ c~e©K ejwQ †h, wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbx ev¯ÍweKB cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi nZ¨vKvix| Avgvi `„p cÖZ¨q †h, GB fwel¨ØvYx †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid n‡Z wQj bv| Av gvby‡li GKwU lohš¿ gvÎ, hv fwel¨ØvYxi Qjbvq Kvh©Kix Kiv nq| hw` Avgvi GB eY©bv AmZ¨ nq Z‡e †n me©kw³gvb †Lv`v! GB e¨w³i mZ¨Zv wb‡`©kbv‡_© †Zvgvi GB wb`k©b cÖ`k©b Ki †h, GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgv‡K Gfv‡e g„Zz¨ `vI hv gvby‡li cwiKwíZ bq| hw` Avwg GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cÖvYZ¨vM Kwi, mg¯Í RMØvmx ¯§iY ivL‡e †h, Avgvi g„Zz¨ G K_vi mv¶¨ n‡e †h, ev¯ÍweKB Bnv †Lv`vi cÖK…Z Bjnvg wQj, gvby‡li cwiKíbv wQj bv Ges ev¯ÍweKB †KejgvÎ BmjvgB mZ¨ ag© Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag©, h_v Avh© ag©, mbvZb ag©, wLªóvb ag© cÖf„wZ mKjB weK…Z gZev`|

Òe¯‘Z: kc‡_i GB gRgybwU †Kvb wek¦¯Í I cÖwm× msev`c‡Î cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GB kc_B Kvw`qv‡b G‡m cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb hw` Avwg GB Iqv`v n‡Z wd‡i hvB, Z‡e Avgvi Ici †Lv`vi ÔjvbZÕ| b‡Pr, Avcbvi Ici|

ÒAvcbvi Av‡e`b gvwdK Avgvi KZ©e¨ n‡e Avwg `k nvRvi UvKv Rgv K‡i †`B Ges Avgvi Av‡e`b Abymv‡i Avcbvi KZ©e¨ n‡e Avcwb †Kvb KvU QvU bv K‡i GB cÖKvi A½xKviB njd K‡i †Kvb wbf©i‡hvM¨ cÖwm× msev`c‡Î, h_v ÔAvLev‡i AvgÕ G cÖKvk Ki‡eb| Avwg †hgb ¯^xKvi KiwQ, Avcbvi GB gyw`ªZ ¯^xK…wZ †cŠuQvi `yB gv‡mi g‡a¨ `k nvRvi UvKv Rgv K‡i w`e| hw` bv Kwi, Z‡e wg_¨vev`x ewjqv MY¨ ne|Ó2

nhiZ AvK`vm hLb jvjv M½vweòz mv‡n‡ei wZbwU kZ©B gÄyi Ki‡jb Ges nj‡di evK¨¸‡jvI wj‡L w`‡jb, ZLb jvjv M½vweòz mv‡ne jv‡nv‡ii

(1) Bk‡Znvi, 5 gvP©, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ lô LÛ, 75-79 c„:|(2) Bk‡Znvi, 16 GwcÖj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ 87-88 c„:|


Ònvg`‡`© nx›`Ó cwÎKvq 12 GwcÖj Avi GKwU kZ© e„w× Ki‡jb| (nhiZ AvK`vm) Ògxh©v mv‡ne (ÔbvDhywejøv‡n wgb hv‡jKvÕ) wg_¨vev`x dvwm‡Z mve¨¯Í n‡q gviv †M‡j Zvui jvk Avgv‡K (A_©vr, jvjv M½vweòz‡K) w`‡Z n‡e| AZtci, GB jvk‡K Avwg hv B”Qv, Kie, `» Kwie, b`x‡Z wb‡¶c Ki‡ev, ev Ab¨ hv Ki‡Z nq

GB k‡Z©i cÖZz¨Ë‡i nhiZ AvK`vm wjwL‡jb :ÒGB kZ©I Avwg gÄyi KiwQ| Avgvi g‡ZI wg_¨vev`xi jvk me©cÖKvi jvÃbvi †hvM¨| GB kZ© ev¯ÍweKB AZ¨vek¨Kxq wQj| GwU M½vweòz mv‡ne h_vmg‡q ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖwZc¶ iƒ‡c GB kZ©B envj ivLvi AvgviI AwaKvi Av‡Q| Ges Zv GB †h, M½vweòz mv‡ne GB fwel¨ØvYx Abyhvqx cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡j Zvi jvk Avwg cvBe, hv‡Z weRq wPý¯îƒc †mB jvk Avgvi AwaKv‡i _vK‡e| Avwg GB jvk bó Kie bv| Dc‡hvMx gkjv Øviv msi¶Yc~e©K me©R‡bi †MvPixfyZ nq, Ggb ¯’v‡b ev jv‡nvi wgDwRqv‡g ÔweRq ¯^viKÕ wn‡m‡e ivLvi eë¯’v Kwie| wKš‘ jvk cvIqvi Rb¨ GLb n‡Z †Kvb DËg eë¯’v nIqv AZ¨vek¨K| GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨ Zv A‡c¶v DrK…óZe eë¯’v g‡b c‡o bv †h, cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi ¯§„wZ i¶v‡_© †h cÂvk ev lvU nvRvi UvKv msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q, Zvn‡Z `k nvRvi UvKv jv‡ki RgvbZ¯îƒc M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, Zvn‡Z `k nvRvi UvKv jv‡ki RvgvbZ ¯îƒc M„nxZ n‡q miKvwi e¨v‡¼ Rgv _v‡K Ges †KvlvMv‡ii KvMRv Zv‡Z Bnv wj‡L †`qv nq †h GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ M½vweòzi g„Zz¨ n‡j Ges Zvi jvk Avgvi nvIqvjv Kiv bv n‡j Zv cwie‡Z© jv‡ki g~j¨ eve` ev jvk nvIqvjv bv Kivi ¶wZc~iY ¯îƒc D³ RgvK…Z 10,000 UvKv Avgvi nvIqvjv Ki‡Z n‡e| GB ¯^xK…wZi GKwU bKj †Kvlva¨‡¶i `¯ÍLZ mn AvgviI cvB‡Z n‡e|Õ1

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB k‡Z©B cÖZz¨Ë‡i jvjv M½weòz mv‡ne wjwL‡jb :

ÒAvwg Avh© mgv‡Ri m`m¨ bB †h, Zviv Avgvi Rb¨ mnvbyf~wZc~e©K `k nvRvi UvKv Rgv Kwiqv †`‡eb|Ó2

nhiZ AvK`vm Reve w`‡jb : Ò¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e, M½vweòz mv‡n‡ei c‡¶ `k nvRvi UvKv msMÖn Kiv

(1) Bk‡Znvi, 16 GwcÖj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ lô LÛ 91-92 c„:|(2) Bk‡Znvi, 27 GwcÖj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ lô LÛ|


wKQzB KwVb bq| KviY, hw` Avh© mv‡nevbI mZ¨B GB AwfgZ †cvlY K‡ib †h, cÖK…Z c‡¶ GB †jLKB †jLivg nšÍv Ges Zviv Avš‘iK wbwðZ cÖZ¨q iƒ‡c ZvB Rv‡bb †h Bjnvg Ges Hkx evK¨vjvc mg¯ÍB wg_¨v K_v e¯‘Z: GB †jL‡Ki loh‡š¿B nZ¨vwμqv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q, Z‡e Zviv mvMÖ‡n jvjv M½vweòz‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib| `k nvRvi †Kb, cÂvk nvRviI Rgv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv GiI e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, Avgvi KvQ n‡ZI `k mnmª UvKv †bIqv n‡e, Zv Avh© mgv‡Ri Kj¨vYKi Kv‡R e¨q Kiv nq| myZivs, RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e `k nvRvi UvKv Rgv Ki‡Z Avh© mv‡nev‡bi c‡¶ GLb evav wK? Zv †Zv GKUv webv cqmvi mI`v| G‡Z wØavi †Kvb †nZz †bB| G‡Z GB jvfI Av‡Q †h, miKvi Rvb‡Z cwi‡eb †h Avh© mgv‡Ri m¤§wZμ‡g GB e¨vcvi N‡U‡Q Ges GB gnvwb`k©b Øviv wPiKv‡j weev` wgU‡e|

ÒAvi hw` GB Ae¯’v n‡q _v‡K †h, Avh© mgv‡Ri m¤£všÍ e¨w³iv jvjv M½vweòzi GB †h AwfgZ GB Aag †jLiv‡gi nZ¨vKvix GwU‡K wg_¨v we‡ePbv K‡ib, Z‡e Avgvi wK cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q †h, Avwg Gfv‡e e¨w³i †gvKv‡ejvi fvebv Kie, hv‡K Zvi ¯^RvwZB wg_¨vev`x e‡j mve¨¯Í K‡i‡Q|

Òhw` M½vweòz Avgvi GB kZ© gÄyi bv K‡ib, Z‡e fwel¨‡Z Zv‡K KL‡bv DËi †`qv n‡e bv Ges Zvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GB Avgvi †kl Bk‡Znvi|Ó1

†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex‡K kc_ Kivi AvnŸvb :cvVK g‡nv`qiv Zv ï‡b Avðh© n‡eb †h, †gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb evUvjex mv‡ne GB cÖm‡½I nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ×vPiY Ki‡Z KzwôZ nbwb| wZwb †jLwb I e³…Zv Øviv cÖKvi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb †h, fwel¨ØvYx wg_¨v n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm wjL‡jb :

Ò†gŠjex gynv¤§` ûmv‡qb mv‡ne hw` mv”Pv †`‡j GKxb iv‡Lb †h, †jLivg msμvšÍ GB fwel¨ØvYx wg_¨v n‡q‡Q, Z‡e Zv‡K we‡ivwaZRbK †jLvi Kó Kivi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avwg Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kmg K‡i ejwQ, hw` wZwb cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq Avgvi m¤§y‡L njd K‡ib †h,

ÔG fwel¨ØvYx †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid n‡Z wQj bv Ges mdjI nqwb Ges

(3) Bk‡Znvi, 27 GwcÖj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ lô LÛ 101-102 c„:|


hw` Zv †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid n‡Z wQj Ges ev¯ÍweK mdj n‡qwQj, Z‡e †n Kv‡ì gyrjK †Lv`v! GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgvi Ici †Kvb fxlY Avhve bv‡hj Ki, Zvici, hw` †gŠjex mv‡ne gmyd GB fxlY Avhve n‡Z GK eQi ch©šÍ i¶v cvb, Z‡e Avwg Avgv‡K wg_¨vev`x Ávb Kie Ges †gŠjex mv‡n‡ei nv‡Z ZIev Ki‡ev| Avgvi Kv‡Q Gm¤^‡Ü hZ wKZve Av‡Q, Zver `» Ki‡ev| hw` wZwb GL‡bv c„ô cÖ`k©b K‡ib, Zvn‡j Avn‡j Bmjvg AewnZ †nvb †h Zvui Ae¯’v wK Ges wZwb †Kv_vq †cŠ‡Q‡Qb?Ó1

GB Bk‡Zvnv‡ii ci †gŠjex mv‡ne K‡qKRb A‡hŠw³K I Ag~jK IRi AvcwË cÖ`k©‡bi ci bxie n‡jb|

GB nZ¨vi A_©‰bwZK DcKvwiZv :GB nZ¨vi d‡j gymjgvbvi A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡jb| †mKv‡j `y», `wa I wgóv‡bœi †`vKvbcvU ïay wn›`y‡ìB wQj| GB NUbvi d‡j wn›`y †`vKvb`viiv †Kvb †Kvb gymjgvb evjKÑevwjKv‡K wgVvBi mv‡_ wel cÖ`vb K‡i| G‡Z gymjgvb‡ì P¶z Lyjj| Zviv `y», `wa I wgóv‡bœi †`vKvb †Lvjv ïiæ Ki‡jb|

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi Øxbx MqiZ :Avgiv cwÐZ †jLiv‡gi welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wQjvg| G cÖm‡½ cwÐZ †jLivg msμvšÍ GKwU NUbvi D‡jøL Riæwi g‡b Kwi| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`v‡mi ÔwØbx MqiZÕ cÖKvk cvq| nhiZ †kL BqvKze Avjx mv‡ne Bidvbx ivwh Avjøvû Avbû wjwLqv‡Qb :

ÒGKevi nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvB‡nm mvjvg wd‡ivRcyi n‡Z Kvw`qvb AvmwQ‡jb| Avwg ivqeyÐ ch©šÍ m‡½ wQjvg| †mLv‡b wZwb `qvciek n‡q Avgv‡K ej‡jb : ÔAvcwb †Zv PvKwi K‡ib bv| jv‡nvi ch©šÍ PjybÕ| Avm‡ii bvgv‡hi mgq wQj| wZwb bvgvh covi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nw”Q‡jb| ZLb †mLv‡b GKwU gÂ (PeyZiv) wQj| GLb †mLv‡b cø¨vUdig wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| Avwg cø¨vUdi‡gi w`‡K †Mjvg| ZLb cwÐZ †jLivg, ÔAvh©v gymv‡diÕ m¤úv`‡Ki †hŠebKvj| wZwb cwÐZ `qvb›` mv‡n‡ei Rxebx †jL‡Z wQ‡jb|

(1) ÔBk‡ZnviÕ, 11 GwcÖj, Zejx‡M lô LÛ, 80 c„: nvwmqv|


wZwb RjÜi hvIqvi wQ‡jb| KviY wZwb m¤¢eZ: †mLv‡bB KvR Ki‡Zb| †Kv_v n‡Z G‡mwQ, wZwb Avgv‡K wRÁvmv K‡ib| Avwg nhiZ AvK`v‡mi AvMgb m¤^‡Ü ejjvg| ZLb †Lv`v Rv‡bb, Zvui g‡b wK fv‡ev`q nj| †`Šwo‡q †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q, †hLv‡b nhiZ AvK`vm ÔARyÕ KiwQ‡jb (Avwg GL‡bv IB `„k¨ †hb †`LwQ Bidvbx) wZwb †Rvi nv‡Z Avh©‡`i cÖ_vbyhvqx nhiZ AvK`vm‡K mvjvg K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`vm Ggwb gv_v Zzwjqv wKwÂr `„wócvZ K‡ib| Zvici ARy Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| cwÐZ †jLivg g‡b Ki‡jb †h, †eva nq †kv‡bb bvB| wZwb Avevi ÔmvjvgÕ ej‡jb| nhiZ AvK`vm Av‡Mi g‡ZvB ÔARyÕ Ki‡Z wbgMœ iwn‡jb| KZ¶Y A‡c¶v K‡i cwÐZ †jLivg Pwjqv †M‡jb| †KD e‡jb †h, cwÐZ †jLivg ÔmvjvgÕ Ki‡Z wQ‡jb| ûhyi ewj‡jbt ÔG Auv nhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n I mvjøv‡gi eoB Aegvbbv K‡i‡Q| Gi mvjvg †bqv Avgvi Bgv‡bi †Ljvd| Avu nhi‡Zi (mvt) cweÎ Rxe‡bi Ici †Zv AvμgY Pvjvq, Gw`‡K Avgv‡K mvjvg Ki‡Z Av‡mÕ!Ó

Avjøvn, Avjøvn! AvuÑnhiZ mvjøvjøvû Avjv&B‡n I mvjøv‡gi e¨vcv‡i Zvui KZ ÔMvBiZÕ wQj| wfbœ RvwZi GKRb m¤§vwbZ †bZv AvunhiZ mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Imvjøv‡gi cÖwZ Agh©v`v cÖ k©b KiZ e‡j Zvi ÔmvjvgÕ ch©šÍ MÖnY Kiv cQ›` K‡ibwb|

nhiZ mv‡neRv`x gyevivKv †eMg mv‡nevi Rb¥, 1897 mv‡ji 2 gvP©:Õ1897 mv‡ji 2 gvP© †gvZv‡eK 27 igRvbyj gyeviK 1314 wnRwi mvj Hkx mymsev` Abyμ‡g nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GK Kb¨v mv‡neRv`x gyevivKv †eMg mv‡nev Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui R‡b¥i Av‡M nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui mš^‡Ü Bjnvg cÖvß n‡jb:

(Zzbvk-kvD wdj wnjqv‡Z)

A_©vr ÒAj¼v‡ii g‡a¨ cÖwZcvwjZ n‡e|Ó1 Gi A_© wQj Zvui Am”QjZvi (1) ÔnwKKZzj Awn,Õ 217 c„:|


Ae¯’v KLbI NU‡e bv Ges wZwb Aí eq‡m cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡eb bv| cieZx© NUbvejx n‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB fwel¨ØvYx A¶‡i A¶‡i c~Y© n‡q‡Q| Zvui weevn nhiZ beve gynv¤§` Avjx Lvu mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ n‡qwQj| wZwb GKRb eo RvqMxi`vi wQ‡jb| gvwjq‡KvUjv iv‡Rï kvnx cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Zvui Nwbó m¤úwK©Z AvZ¥xqZv wQj I we‡kl m¤£všÍ iwqm wQ‡jb|

Kvw`qv‡b ZzKx© Kbmvj ûmv‡qb Kvgxi AvMgb 1897 wLªóvã 10 ev 11 †g1897 mv‡ji cÖvi‡¤¢ KivPx¯’ ZzKx© mvgªv‡Rï Kbmvj ûmv‡qb †eK Kvgx jv‡nvi AvMgb K‡ib| wZwb †bnvr m¤£gc~e©K GKwU cÎ †j‡L nhiZ AvK`v‡mi mv¶vr jv‡fi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib nhiZ AvK`vm Zvu‡K mv¶v‡Zi my‡hvM `v‡b Awb”QzK wQ‡jb| KviY, Avjøvn ZvAvjv BwZc~‡e© Zvu‡K ÁvZ K‡iwQ‡jb :

ÒGB e¨w³i cÖK…wZMZ KcUZvi fve wgkªY Av‡Q|Ó1 wKš‘ Gi g‡bvKó bv nq GB †f‡e AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡jb| 10 wKsev 11 †g 1897 mvj Kbmvj mv‡ne Kvw`qvb AvMgb K‡ib Ges wbR©b mv¶vrKv‡ii Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi gb Zvu‡K GB my‡hvM w`‡Z PvBwQj bv KviY, `ywbqv ciw¯Íi MÜ Abyf~Z nw”Qj| wKš‘ wkóvPvi ekZ: AbygwZ `vb K‡ib| mv¶vrKv‡j ÒKbmvj mv‡ne ZzKx© myjZv‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl †`vqvi Av‡e`b K‡i AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib †h, fwel¨‡Z ÔAvmgvbx KvRv K`‡iÕ Zvui Rb¨ wK Av‡Q, Rvbvb nq|Ó nhiZ AvK`vm Zv‡K cwi®‹vi ewj‡jb, ÒmyjZv‡bi mvgªv‡Rï Ae¯’v fvj bq| Avwg Kvkdxfv‡e Zvui AvgZ¨‡ì Ae¯’v fvj †`LwQ bv| Avgvi g‡Z GB mKj Ae¯’vq cwiYvg fvj bq|Ó

nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB K_v¸‡jv Kbmvj g‡nv`‡qi Kv‡Q AwcÖq †eva nj| wZwb jv‡nvi cÖZ¨vMgb Kwiqv Òbv‡h‡g nx›`Õ m¤úv`‡Ki bv‡g GKwU cÎ wjL‡jb| GB cÎ nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× bvbv cÖKvi Ag~jK K_vq c~Y© wQj| m¤úv`K mv‡ne cÎwU cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡Z nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU

(1) ÔBk‡ZnviÕ 24 †g, 1897 mvj|


Bk‡Znvi Øviv cÖK…Z Ae¯’v Rbmgv‡Ri m¤§y‡L Dcw¯’Z K‡ib|1

ZzKx© Kbmv‡ji c`©vdvKGB NUbvi ci Ggb Ae¯’vi D™¢e nj †h, †mB eQiB, A_©vr 1897 mv‡j MÖm I ZzKx©i g‡a¨ hy× evaj| fviZe‡l©i gymjgvbiv ZzKx©i mvnvh¨v‡_© Puv`v msMÖn K‡i ZzKx© Kbmvj ûmv‡qb Kvgxi nv‡Z mgc©Y K‡ib| wZwb Zv ZzKx© MfY©‡g‡›Ui Kv‡Q Rgv bv w`qv AvZ¥mvr K‡ib| Gi d‡j Zvui †h cwiYwZ N‡Uj, KbmvUvwÈ‡bvc‡ji c‡Îi gg© n‡Z Zv cÖKvk cvq| mjxg cvkv Pvu`v KwgwUi Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb| msev` †c‡q wZwb eû Kvq‡K¬‡k GB UvKv D×v‡ii †Póv K‡ib Ges û‡mb Kvgxi m¤úwË wbjvg K‡i UvKv Av`v‡qi e¨e¯’v K‡i| Zvici myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q wi‡cvU© K‡i Zvu‡K PvKwi n‡Z eiLv¯Í Kiv nq|2

Ô†PŠaI‡qu mw`Õ cwÎKvi eyRy‡M©i ZIev :ZzKx© Kbmvj ûmv‡qb †eK Kvgxi K_v Dc‡i ejv n‡q‡Q| wZwb hLb wbivk n‡q jv‡nvi cÖZ¨vMg‡bi ci Ôbv‡h‡g nx›`Õ m¤úv`‡Ki bv‡g nhiZ AvK`v‡mi weiæ‡× †bnv‡qZ Akøxj, bxwZ I gbyl¨Z¡ weewR©Z GKwU cÎ †j‡Lb Ges †mB cwÎKvq Zv 1897 mv‡j 15 †g cÖKvwkZ nq, ZLb wewfbœ msev`cÎ Zvu‡K GKRb gymjgvb ‰e‡`wkK Kbmvj g‡b K‡i Zvui c‡Îi eû ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mKv‡j ivIqvjwcwÐ n‡Z Ô†PŠaI‡qu mv`xÕ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nZ| IB cwÎKvi GKwU msL¨vq hLb cÎwU cÖKvwkZ n‡jv Ges †mLvbKvi GKRb ÔeyRyM©Õ cÎwU cvV Ki‡jb, ZLb AÁvZmv‡i Zvi gyL n‡Z GB †ki †ei nj :

A_v©r, Ô†Lv`v hLb Kv‡iv c`©v we`viY Ki‡Z Pvb; ZLb †m cweÎvZ¥v‡`i we`ªƒc Kivi cÖwZ AvK…ó nq|Ó

cwÎKvi GB msL¨v hLb Kvw`qv‡b nhiZ AvK`v‡mi ûhy‡i cvV Kiv nj, ûhy‡ii g‡b GB Ôeyh~M©Õ m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvob Dcw¯’Z nj| wZwb hZB GwU Zvui

(1) ÔBk‡ZnviÕ 24 †g, 1897 mvj|(2) we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY ÔwZiBqvKzj Kzjye,Õ 121 c„ : Ges ÔbvBq¨v‡i Avmdx (gv`ªvR) mv‡ji 12 B A‡±vei msL¨v `ªóe¨|


wPË n‡Z `~ixf~Z Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb, `~i nj bv| ZLb wZwb †mB eyRyM© m¤^‡Ü Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki‡jb : ÒGjvwn! hw` Zzwg Rvb †h Avwg †Zvgvi Zid n‡Z †Zvgvi †cÖwiZ Ges gwmn gvID`, Z‡e Zzwg †mB e¨w³i c`©v wQbœ Ki, hv‡K ÔeyRyM©Õ e‡j GB KvM‡R cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hw` wZwb Kvw`qv‡b G‡m me©mvavi‡Yi m¤§y‡L ZIev K‡ib, Z‡e Zv‡K ¶gv K‡iv| KviY Zzwg inxg I Kixg cig `qvgq|Ó ¶gvi Rb¨ 1897 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB n‡Z 1898 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB ch©šÍ GK eQ‡ii mgq wba©viY K‡ib I ewY©Z hveZxq welq 1897 mv‡ji 25 Ryb GK Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib| nhiZ AvK`v‡mi GB Bk‡Znvi hLb GB ÔeyyRy‡M©iÕ Kv‡Q †cuŠQj, ZLb wZwb AZ¨šÍ e¨wZe¨¯Í n‡q co‡jb| BwZg‡a¨ Gfv‡e †Kvb †Kvb j¶Y †`Lv w`j, hvi Øviv Zvi fxlY c`©v duv‡Ki m¤¢vebv ˆZwi n‡jv| mg¨K Ae¯’vi cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡i wZwb ¶gv †P‡q cÎ †j‡Lb Ges GwUI wj‡Lb †h, †Kvb †Kvb Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y AvcvZZ: wZwb nvwRi nIqvi wel‡q ¶gvi cvÎ Ges h_vmšÍe 1898 mv‡ji RyjvBi c~‡e©B wZwb nvwRi n‡eb|

nhiZ AvK`vm GB c‡Îi Reve wj‡Lb †h, †Lv`v ZvAvjv GB eyRy‡M©i Aciva ¶gv Kiæb Ges Zvui cÖwZ mš‘ó †nvb| ûhyi Zvui cÖwZ mš‘ó n‡q‡Qb Ges ¶gv Ki‡Qb|1

AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Avgxi‡K ZejxM :G eQi AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Avgxi Ave`yi ingvb Lv‡K wZwb Zvi GKRb gyLwjm gyix‡ì gvidZÑGi bvg, Ave`yi ingvb Lvu wQjI GKwU ZejxMx cÎ †cÖiY K‡ib| AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b †gŠjex‡ì gnvcÖwZcÖwË wQj| GB Kvi‡Y, m¤¢eZ:, cÎLvwb Avgxi Ave`yi ingvb Lvui Kv‡Q †cŠ‡Qwb| Ges †gŠjex‡ì dvrIqvi d‡j nhiZ AvK`v‡mi `~Z Ave`yi ingvb Lvu Ôknx`Õ n‡jb|

Ôgvng~` Kx AvgxbÕ:nhiZ AvK`vm KziAvb Kix‡gi †cÖ‡g wejxb wQ‡jb| KziAvb Kix‡gi wk¶v `vb Ges Gi we¯Ívi mva‡b Zvui Abb¨mvaviY Avmw³ wQj| G Rb¨ nhiZ

(1) ÔBk‡ZnviÕ, 20 †k b‡f¤î 1897 mvj, Zejx‡M wimvjZ, lô LÐ, 178-79 c„:|


mv‡neRv`v wgh©v ekxiæÏxb gvngy` Avng` (Bgvg, RvgvÕZ Avng`xqv gvËvbvjøvû †eZz‡j nvqv‡Znx) hLb KziAvb Kixg †`‡L cvV LZg K‡ib, ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm eoB cÖxZ n‡jb| wZwb GB Dcj‡¶ GK gRwj‡mi Abyôvb Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| evBi n‡Z †L`gZMvi‡ìI G‡Z †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ wbgš¿Y Ki‡jb Ges Abyôv‡b cvV Kivi Rb¨ GKwU KweZvI †j‡Lb| Zv Ôgvngy` Kx AvgxbÕ bv‡g wew`Z| Zv D`~© Ô`yi‡i mvgx‡bÕ mwbœweó Av‡Q| `„óvšÍ ¯îƒ‡c GB KweZv n‡Z PviwU Ô‡kiÕ wb‡gœ D×„Z Kiv n‡jv :

A_v©r, Ò‡n iveŸ, †ZvgviB Gnmvb| Avwg †Zvgvi Øv‡i Kzievb| ZzwgB w`qvQ Bgvb| cÖwZ¶Y Zzwg †bMvnevb| cÖwZ¶Y †ZvgviB K…cv| Zzwg inxg I ingvb mrKv‡Ri eû mydj evi evi `vZv, bv PwB‡ZI `vZv| GB wè‡m AvkxeŸ©v` `yI| cweÎ, whwb Avgv‡K GB w`b †`wL‡q‡Qb| ZzwgB GB w`‡bi mv¶vr Kwi‡qQ| gvngy` KziAvb cvV K‡i Avm‡Q| gb †Zvgvi GB AbyMÖn `k©‡b †Zvgvi cÖksmv MxwZ ‡M‡q‡Q| kZ †kvKi, I‡Mv †Lv`v! kZ †kvKi, I‡Mv †Lv`v! GB w`‡b Avkxe©v` `vI| cweÎ wZwb, whwb Avgv‡K GB w`b †`wL‡q‡Q|Ó

gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqvi lwôZg Rywejx 1897 mvj, 19 Ryb :1897 mv‡ji 19 Ryb Bs‡j‡Û I fviZe‡l© gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqvi lwóZg ivR¨vwf‡lK I Avb‡›`vrme cvwjZ nq| GB Dcj‡¶ nhiZ AvK`vm Ô‡Zvndv KqmwiqvÕ bvgK GKLvwb wKZve cÖYqb K‡ib| GB wKZv‡e nhiZ gmxn‡K †Lv`v ZvAvjvi GKRb ev›`v Ges mZ¨ imyj nIqvi K_v cÖKvk Kiv nq| eZ©gvb wLªó `k©b åvšÍ nIqv Ges Bmjvg weï× mwVK ag© nIqvi K_vI cÖKvk Kiv nq| gnvivYx‡K Bmjv‡gi Avnevb Ávcb K‡ib| h‡_ó cwigvY GB wKZve webvg~‡j¨ weZiY Kiv nq| gnvivYxi fviZ¯’ fvBmiq Ges cvÄv‡ei †jdU¨vb¨v›U MfY©i‡KI †cÖiY Kiv nq|


gkv‡qL I myjvnv‡K Avjøvn Rjøv kvbyûi Kmgmn Avnevb, 15 RyjvB 1897nhiZ AvK`vm 1897 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB gvkv‡qL, myjvnv cÖgyL Avjøvn Iqvjv‡ì‡K ÔBrgv‡g û¾r, Z_v c~Y©gvÎvq cÖwZØwØZvg~jK hyw³ cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Av‡iv GKwU cÖ¯Íve †`b| Zv wQj GB :

ÒAvwg wn›`y¯Ívb I cvÄv‡ei Zver gvkv‡qL, dwKi I mv‡jn‡ì‡K Avjøvn Rjøv kvbyûi Kmg w`w”Q, hvi bv‡gi m¤§y‡L Mi`vb bZ Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K ag©ÑcivqY Øxb`v‡ii KZ©e¨| Zvuiv Avgvi m¤^‡Ü Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cÖwZ AšÍZ: GKzk w`b g‡bvms‡hvM Kiæb, A_©vr GB cÖKvi Kiæb †h, GKzk w`‡bi Av‡M wKQz †evaMg¨ bv n‡j, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ n‡Z GB ZË¡ I Z_¨ D`NvwUZ nIqvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kiæb †h, Avwg †K? Avwg wg_¨vev`x? bv, Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Zid n‡Z G‡mwQ? Avwg evi evi eyRyM©v‡b Øx‡bi †L`g‡Z Avjøvn Rjøv kvbyûi Kmg w`‡q GB wf¶v KiwQ †h, wbðqB GKzk w`b ch©šÍ hw` Zrc~‡e© Rvbv bv hvq GB gZ‡f` `~i Kivi Rb¨ †`vqv I a¨vb Kiæb| Avwg mywbwðZ Rvwb †h, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg ï‡b cÖ‡Z¨K cweÎ ü`q, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi Avhg‡Zi fqKvix wbðqB g‡bv‡hvM wbe× Ki‡e| AZ:ci, GB cÖKvi Gjnvgx mv¶¨vejx GKwÎZ nIqvi ci †hw`‡K msL¨vwaK¨ n‡e, Zv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Zi‡di e‡j Ávb Ki‡Z n‡e|

ÒGB cÖ¯Ív‡ei Øviv ÔBbkvAvjøvnÕ †Lv`vi ev›`v‡ì eû DcKvi n‡e Ges gymjgvb‡ì †`j mv¶¨wa‡Kï Øviv GKw`‡K ¯^w¯Í cÖvß n‡q ÔbvRvZÕ jvf Ki‡e| bex Kixg mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n I mvjøv‡gi evYx Øviv GBfv‡e cÖZxZ nq †h, cÖ_gZ : gvn`x Av‡LiRvgvb‡K ÔKv‡diÕ cÖwZcbœ Kiv n‡e| gvbyl Zvui mv‡_ kÎæZv Ki‡e| Akøxj ev‡Kï GK‡kl eënvi Ki‡e| Ae‡k‡l, †Lv`v ZvAvjvi †bK ev›`v‡ì‡K Zvi mZ¨Zv m¤^‡Ü Ô†ivBqvÕ (mZ¨ ¯^cœ) I ÔGjnvgÕ cÖf…wZ Øviv msev` †`qv n‡e Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avmgvbx wb`k©bI cÖKvwkZ n‡e| ZLb Iqv‡³i Djvgv †¯^”Qvq ev Awb”Qvq Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡eb| myZivs, †n eÜziv, †n eyRyM©iv! AšÍh©vgx ÔAv‡jgyj Mv‡qeÕ, †Lv`vi cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek Kiæb| Avcbv‡ì‡K Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kmg †`qv n‡jv| Avgvi GB Av‡e`b MÖnY Kiæb| †mB ÔKv`xiÕ, Ôhyj Rvjv‡jiÕ Ki‡eb bvÓ|


gmwR` gyevi‡Ki AvqZb e„w× :ÔgmwR` gyeviKÕ AZ¨šÍ AívqZb wQj| Gi GK csw³‡Z K‡ó m„‡ó Qq Rb ùvov‡Z ciZ| m¤ú~Y© (1) Bk‡ZnviÕ 1897 mvj 15 RyjvB|(2) Bk‡Znvi, 1897 mvj 29 RyjvB|AvqZ‡bi g‡a¨ wÎk ewÎk Rb bvgvhxi AwaK msKzjvb nZ bv e‡j †Kvb †Kvb mgq ÔeqZzj †d‡KiÕI gmwR`¯îƒ‡c eëüZ nZ| G‡Z gmwR‡ì AvqZb e„w×i †Lqvj nhiZ AvK`v‡mi n‡jv| ûhyi Zvui eÜz‡ì Kv‡Q GKwU Bk‡Znv‡ii gva¨‡g Puv`vi ZvnixK K‡ib| gyL‡jmiv Db¥y³ ü`‡q Pv`v cÖ`vb K‡ib| gmwR‡ì AvqZb e„w× Kiv nj|


cwÛZ †jLivg nZ¨vi GKRb cÖZ¨¶`wk©i mv¶AvR, ïμevi, 12/2/60 Bs Avgv‡`i bvgv‡hi ci jv‡nvi, †eiæb w`jøx `‡ivRvq Aew¯’Z Avng`xqv gmRx‡` gynZigx †gŠjex gywneeyi ingvb mv‡ne Be‡b nhiZ gybwk wgqv nweeyi ingvb mv‡ne Be‡b nhiZ gybwk wgqv nvweeyi ingvb mv‡ne (ivwh Avjøvû Avbû) Kcyi_jex K‡qKRb eÜzi m¤§y‡L wbgœwjwLZ wee„wZ wbR nv‡Z wj‡L w`‡q‡Q :

ÒLvKmvi gywneeyi ingvb wb‡e`b KiwQ †h, AvbygvwbK 1909 mvj GB Aag‡K R‰bK cwÐZ †MvKzj Pv` †nWgvóvi, bWIqvj, †Rjv ûwkqvicyi e‡jb †h, cwÐZ †jLivg wbnZ nIqvi wKQzKvj Av‡M wZwb Zvi Kv‡Q ms¯‹…Z Aa¨qb K‡ib| †mB mgq GKRb gymjgvb Zvui Kv‡Q ms¯‹…Z wk¶vi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i wKQzw`b Aa¨qb Ki‡Z _v‡K| †hw`b GB NUbv N‡U, †mw`b wZwb Z_vq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wbnZ nIqvi mgq QzwiKv we× nIqv gvÎ wZwb ÔgvÕ e‡j wPrKvi K‡ib| Zvui gvZv †`Š‡o G‡m †`‡Lb †h, nZ¨vKvix kvšÍfv‡e Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †jLiv‡gi KvQ †_‡K wM‡q mvg‡b GKwU cÖ‡Kv‡ó cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv| †jLiv‡gi gvZv AMÖmi n‡q †Kv‡ôi `iRv eÜ K‡i Zvjvmshy³ Ki‡jb Ges cywjk‡K e‡jb †h, NvZK GB cÖ‡Kv‡ô Av‡Q| ZLb BsivR cywjk mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| †Kvb wmcvnx cÖ‡Kv‡ôi g‡a¨ hvB‡Z cÖ¯‘Z nqwb| cywjk mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U wb‡RB GK nv‡Z wc¯Íj Ges Aci nv‡Z jÉb wbqv (KviY cÖ‡Kv‡ôi wfZi AÜKvi wQj) †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges jôb Øviv mgMÖ cÖ‡Kvô fvjfv‡e †`‡L e‡jb †h, †mLv‡b †KD bvB| †jLiv‡gi gvZv cyb:cyb: ej‡Z jvM‡jb †h, NvZK GB cÖ‡Kv‡ôB Av‡Q| G‡Z cywjk mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U e‡jb : Ôhw` gvwQ n‡q †ei n‡q wM‡q _v‡K, Z‡e Zv m¤¢e| bZzev gvby‡li evBi nIqvi †Kvb ¯’vb bvBÕ| GB NUbv cwÐZ †MvKyj Pv` njd K‡i eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges AvwgI njd K‡i eY©bv KiwQ|Ó

wjLK : gywneeyi ingvb|12/02/60mv¶xt Wvt Ievq`yjøvn Lvu evUvjex|mv¶xt gvóvi gynv¤§` Beivnxg;†cÖwm‡W›U, w`jøx `‡ivhvnév|


†bvU : GB NUbv m¤ú‡K© mvaviYZ : †h mKj eY©bv me©Rbmg‡¶ Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Q Zr m¤^‡Ü †gŠjex mv‡ne e‡jb †h, cwÐZ †MvK‚j Pv` ejZ †h IB mKj wee„wZ Av‡h©iv Zv‡ì DwKj‡ì mvnv‡h¨ ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| b‡Pr wZwb hv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, ZvB cÖK…Z welq| ÔIqvjøvû Avjvgy wem& mvIqveÕ (cÖK…Z ZË¡ Avjøvn ZvAvjvB me©v‡c¶v fvj Rv‡bb)|

LvKmviAve`yj Kv‡ì|12/02/60 Bs

cÖ g cÖKvk · 12-D, 27/32, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh Cover Design : Hamidur Rahman...

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