By:Clarissa MartinVika Pasechnik

Rachel HernandezEmily Trost

Alexandra Campbell

Introduction• Goal: to compare

– 1 Cheeseburger– 1 Medium French fry– 1 Medium Coke

• AMONG 10 FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS

• Focus: nutrient content!– Fat– Calories– CHO– Protein– Cholesterol– Sodium

Fat

Calories

CHO and Sugar

Fiber and Protein

Cholesterol and Sodium

Causes and Health Risks of Obesity•Obesity is caused by a sedentary lifestyle and regularly consuming foods high in fat, sodium, and sugar.

•Obesity is defined as an increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat with a BMI (body mass index) of 30 kg/m2 or more.

• Health risks associated with diets high in…Fat=Increase in LDL=heart disease such as atherosclerotic plaques. Sodium=High blood pressure=increases the risk of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Sugar=increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, cancer, sleep apnea, stroke, coronary artery disease and heart attack.

Facts and Results• In 2003 obesity resulted

in over $75 billion in medical expenses, half of which came from Medicare and Medicaid. – (Gostin, 2005)

• From its origin in 1950, fast food has grown to an estimated ~ 250,000 restaurants in the U.S. (Pereira, et al., 2005).

• Fast-Food Restaurants– From worst to best on avg.1. Sonic 2. Rally’s3. Jack in the Box4. Wendy’s5. Burger King6. McDonald’s7. Carl’s Jr.8. Fat Burger 9. In-n-Out10.Wienerschnitzel

Interesting Study and Survey Results

• Aim: to investigate the association between fast food intake, weight gain, and insulin resistance.

• 15 year study (6 clinical exams w/in 15 years)

• 3031 subjects completed protocol – (subjects: black/white

men/women) (age 18-30 in 1985-86)

• Results: subject who had fast-food >2x wk– gained an extra 4-5kg of

bodyweight (p=0.054) independent of average normal wt. gain.

– had 2 fold greater resistance to insulin (p=0.0083)

• Conclusion: fast-food consumption increases risk of obesity and type-2 diabetes.– (Pereira, et al., 2005).

References• Fast food. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. November 7,

2009, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fast food• Gostin, L. O. (2005, March-April). Fast and Supersized: Is the Answer to

Diet by Fiat? Hastings Center Report , 11-12.• Obesity-Health Risks of Obesity. WebMD - Better information. Better

health.. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2009. <http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity>.

• Pizzorno, Joseph . Integrative Medicine and wellness. webmd.com. N.p., 4 May 2007. Web. 30 Oct. 2007. <blogs.webmd.com/integrative-medicine-wellness/2007/05/all-sugars-are-not-same.html>.

• Sizer, F. and Whitney, E. (2008) Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, 11th Edition, Thomson-Wadsworth, Inc.

• Pereira, M. A., Kartashov, A. L., Ebbeling, C. B., Horn, L. V., Slattery, M. L., Jacobs, D. R., et al. (2005). Fast-Food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis. Lancet , 365, 36-42.