book BTA_2

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

1/133

1

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f

wk dufwk di f ;atmifwyfr S L; }uD; & J abm fw ku fatmi ftr Sw fw& pmp k uA smp k

ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

2/133

2

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f

wk dufwk di f ;atmifwyfr S L; }uD; & J abm fw ku fatmi f

& Jabm f (r)ci f

ESif;qDvGifjyifpmayu xkwfa0onf

2014 ck/ rwfv

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

3/133

3


vGr f ;ol @ye f ;ac G(ESpfawGvawGtcsdef=umanmif;vkd@ &moDtaygif;awG b,fvkdajymif;ygap usqHk;wJh &Jabmftaygif;awG toufaoG;awGvSLcJhoav a=omf rarhEkdifay wrf;wumae ajzrajy vGrf;ol@yef;acG vSrf;vifhumyJae ) 2

(ArmjynfESpf&Snfv&Snf c|wfcsHKusatmif ppftpkd;& zdESdyfcJhoav b,fb0 b,fcgwGif ra=u wa,mufeJ @w a,muf[m toufukdtyfum E$J&ygwJh awmfvSefa&;vrf;c&D;ay:rSmav usqHk;olawG rSef;ar#mfvkd@ae yef;acGqufvSrf;ae )2

(awmfvSefa&;vrf;c&D;uawmh r+yD;qHk;ao;wJh 'DcsdefcgrSmav wkd@&JabmfawG rSef;ar#mfcJhwJh atmifyef;ukdvnf; vSrf;umaeqJay vGrf;&pfwJh&Jabmftaygif;awG opPm"dmef +rJckdif=urav) 2

('Dae@ 'Dcsdefcgrav e,fcsJ@orm;eJ@ kyfao;kyfrsm;ukdawmh vufpm;awmfacsygrav pdwfrmefwif;ae qxuf+zdK;a0 wkdufzdk@ta&;awG t"dmefjyKrav aoG;pnf;um &Jabmftaygif;awG owWd+zdK;a0 pcef;wav#mufrSmav &efoltaygif; acsr_ef;ypfr,fav ) 2

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

4/133

4


& Jab m fw kdu fatm i ftm; * k% f jy Kpmw r f ;&Jabmfwkd@ &Jabmftm;vHk;u cspfcifav;pm;wJh&Jabmfwkdufatmif[m a&&Snf

tqkyfa&m*ga=umifh 2001 ZGefv 19 &ufae@wGifuG,fvGefoGm;cJhyg+yD?}uHhckdifwJhygwD&yfwnfcsuf&Sd+yD; vkyfenf;vkyf[efrSm aysmhaysmif;wJh

&Jabmfwkdufatmif uG,fvGefoGm;jcif;[m ygwDeJ@ awmfvSefa&;twGuf

}uD;rm;wJh qHk;_H;r_w&yfjzpfygw,f?ol[m ukd,fusdK;rzufwJh &moufyef awmfvSefa&;orm;wa,mufjzpfw,f? pum;enf;enf;ajym+yD; tvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyfwJh pdwfxm;ESdrfhcs+yD; }uHhckdifZGJowWd&SdwJhArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ om;aumif; &wemwOD;jzpfw,f?

ygwDwGif;rSm tvkyform; v,form;uvmwJhau'grsm;eJ@ +rdK@aeynmwwftv$mrSvmwJhau'grsm;t=um; aoG;pnf; nD!Gwfr_ukdtav;tjrwfxm;&mrSm pHjyKavmufwJhacgif;aqmifaumifwa,muf jzpfw,f?

ol@woufwm[m ygwDawmfvSefa&;eJ@ vlrsdK;pHk Armjynfjynfol

awGtwGufus&mwm0efukdr+iD;rjiL xrf;aqmif+yD; tvkyftau|;jyKcJhwJhwoufwm jzpfw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

5/133

5

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fol[m zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;rSm yJcl;anmifukdif;wkdufyGJwGif

&Gyf&Gyfc|Hc|H yg0ifwkdufckdufcJhw,f?jynfol@'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;umvrSm 1948 ckESpfwGifjynfol@

vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf wyf&if; (5) 'k&if;rSL;tjzpf xrf;aqmif+yD;yJcl;ckdif a0g+rdK@e,f ygwDaumfrwD0ifwOD;vnf; jzpfcJhw,f?

1949 ckESpfwGifjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf'kwyfr[mrSL;/aemuf wyfr[mrSL;jzpfvm+yD; yJcl;ckdifygwDaumfrwD0ifwOD;vnf; jzpfcJhw,f?

1950 ckESpfwGifjynfol@wyfrawmfukdzGJ@pnf;wJhtcgrSm wyfr[mrSL;/ aemufwyfr}uD; (3) &J@ 'kwyfrrSL;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhw,f?

onfhaemufwkwfjynfrmhufpfvDeif0g' ygwDausmif;wGifavhvmcJhw,f?

1962 ckESpfwGifArmjynfokd@ jyef0ifEkdifa&;udpPtwGufAD,uferfodk@oGm;a&muf+yD; aqG;aEG;cJhw,f? vmtdkrSwqifh ArmjynftajccHpcef;okd@jyefvnfa&muf&SdcJhw,f?

1965-66 ckESpfumvwGifygwDA[kdwkdufwkdif;atmifwyf&J@ wyfrSL;}uD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhw,f?

ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o zGJ@pnf;+yD;aemufwGifArmjynfta&S@ajrmufa'ookd@ a&muf&Sdvm+yD; ta&S@ajrmufa'o 'kwyfrSL;}uD;tjzpfxrf;aqmifcJhw,f?

1975 ckESpfygwDA[kdaumfrwDukdjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;wJhtcgrSm ol[mA[kdaumfrwD0ifwOD; jzpfvm+yD; txl;vkyfief;ukd wm0ef,lcJhw,f?

1980 ckESpfArmjynftv,fykdif; AsLkdukdzGJ@pnf;wJhtcgrSm ol[mAsLkd&J@wyfrSL;}uD; jzpfvmcJhw,f?

cufcJyifyef;wJh tajctaeatmufrSm wm0efxrf;aqmif&if;1983 ckESpfwGif Armjynftv,fykdif; &vvza'owGif OD;aESmufaoG;a=umydwfonfha&m*g&&Sd+yD; aq;uko&efwkwfjynfokd@ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd

cJhygw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

6/133

6

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f}uHhckdifwJhygwDpdwf"mmwf&Sd+yD; aemufqHk;tcsdeftxdawmfvSefa&;

pdwf"mwfxufoefvSwJh &Jabmfwkdufatmif[m &Jabmftm;vHk;twGufavhvmtwk,lp&m pHerlemw&yftjzpf xm0pOf wnf&Sdaeygvdrfhr,f?ol@ukdod&Sd=uwJh&JabmfawGrdwfaqGawGvlrsdK;pHkjynfolawGuvnf; xm0pOfwrf;w owd&ae=uygvdrfhr,f? a&&Snftaumiftxnf azmf=u&r,fhr+yD;qHk;ao;wJh orkdif;ay;vkyfief;wm0efukd usef&pfwJh &Jabmfrsm;utm;aumif;csufawGukd avhvmtwk,l+yD; qwufxrf;ykd; tm;opfcGefopfjzifhqufvuftaumiftxnf azmf=uygvdrfhr,f?

&Jabmf}uD;wm0efausyg+yD? at;csrf;pGm tem;,lygawmh?&Jabmfwkdufatmif&J@ wkdufwkdif;atmifpdwf"mwf t"Gef@&Snfygap?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

7/133

7


&Jabmfwkd@ 'Duae@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ au'gaumif;/ ta&S@ajrmufykdif;

ppfa'o ppfOD;pD;Xme 'kXmerSL; usqHk;oGm;wJh&Jabmf[Grfa[mftm; 0rf;enf;a=uuGJwJh txdrf;trSwfukd u|efawmfwkd@wawGtvGef0rf;enf;a=uuGJpGmjzifh jyKvkyfaejcif; jzpfw,f?

&Jabmf[Grfa[mf[m ygwDA[kdeJ@ ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD&J@ ta&;}uD; wm0efay;csuft& igwkd@ 6835 wyfzGJ@ukdacgif;aqmif+yD; vm;[la'orkdif;ykvHkw0kdufukd csDwuf+yD; tajccHa'oopfwkd;csJ@wnfaqmufa&; *k%fajymifwJh cufcJ}uD;av;wJh vkyfief;wm0ef xrf;aqmifaepOf 1976 ckESpf{+yDv 12 &ufae@/ eHeuf5 em&D45 rdepfrSm aemifcrf;teD;w0dkufae&mwGif &efoleJ@ awG@qHkwJhtcgrSm ukd,fwkdifOD;pD; nef=um;+yD; wkdufyGJqif&if;*k%fa&mifajymifajrmufpGmjzifhusqHk;oGm;w,f? usqHk;oGm;csdefrSm ol[mtouf 41 ESpfom &Sdygao;w,f? usqHk;oGm;wJh owif;=um;&wJhtcgppfa'o&SduGefjrLepfygwD0iftm;vHk;/ wyfrSL;wyfom;tm;vHk;u igwkd@ygwD&J@

au'gaumif;wa,muf qHk;_H;oGm;wma=umifh tvGefyif pdwfxdckduf+yD;0rf;enf; a=uuGJae=uygw,f?

& J abm f[ Gr fa[m f p smyetcr f ;tem;w Gi f ta& S @a jrmufyki f;pp fa'o y gw Daum frw D ' k tw Gi f;a&;rSL;pp fa'o ' kwy fr S L ; }u D ; & Jabmfw k du fatmi f ajym =um ;wJ r de f @c Ge f;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

8/133

8

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f&Jabmf[Grfa[mfuG,fvGefwm[m igwkd@ygwDeJ@ wyfrawmftwGuf/

Armjynf jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&; ta&;awmfyHktwGuftvGef}uD;rm;wJhqHk;_H;epfemr_jzpfygw,f?

&Jabmf[Grfa[mfukd 0rf;enf;woaepOftcgrSm u|efawmfwkd@[mol@&J@ygwDtay: awmfvSefa&;eJ@ jynfolrsm;&J@ ta&;awmfyHktay: twkdif;rodopPm&Sdr_ukdavhvm=u&r,f? ol@vkdyJygwDeJ@ awmfvSefa&;u u|efawmfwkd@ukdvkdtyfvkd@ awmif;qdkvm&ifb,ftcsdef b,ftajctaerSmjzpfjzpfbmtcsuftvufawmif;qkdcsufrSr&SdbJ awmfvSefa&;&J@ tusdK;ukdwaoGrwdrf; OD;xdyfyefxm;+yD; tvkdtyfqHk;ae&mukdoGm;&r,f? a&S@wef; tusqHk;/tqif;&Jtyifyef;qHk;ae&modk@ oGm;+yD; jynfolrsm;twGuf wkdufyGJ0ifumArmjynf wjynfvHk; vHk;0 vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf uGefjrLepf0g'ta&;awmfyHktwGuf &moufyefqHk;cef;wkdif wkdufyGJqifoGm;=u&r,f?

u|efawmfwkd@[m ol@&J@ b,f[mukdcspfjrwfEkd;&r,f/ b,f[mukdrkef;wD;&GH&Sm&r,fqkdwJhtod/ &efigpnf;cGJjcm;EkdifwJh jywfom;wJh ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pm;&yfwnfr_ukdavhvm=u&r,f? ol@vkdyJb,fol[m igwkd@&J@ &efolvJ? b,fol[m igwkd@&J@ rdwfaqGvJqkdwm cGJjcm;em;vnfap&r,f? usqHk;wJhtxd ygwDaemufvkduf+yD; awmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;/ jynfolrsm;&J@vrf;a=umif;twkdif; av#mufEkdifcJhwm[m ol@&J@woufwmtzkd@ *k%f,lp&mygyJ? touf&SifaepOf }uD;jrwfw,f/ ao&ifvnf; *k%fa&mifajymifygw,f? wcsdK@aomvlawGu ygwDqef@usifa&;/ wefjyefawmfvSefa&;/ jynfolqef@usifa&;vrf;a=umif; av#mufwm/ ao&rSm a=umufwm/ &efol@qD'l;axmuftnHhcHwm/ jynfolukd &efbuftjzpfxm;wJh opPmazmuform;awGvkd r[kwfbJ'grSr[kwfukd,fusdK;twGufygwDeJ@ uif;uGmwm/awmfvSefa&;ukd pGef@y,fvkdufwm 'grSr[kwf awmfvSefa&;ukdqHk;cef;wkdifrvkyfvkdolawGeJ@ E_dif;,SOfvkduf&if xif&Sm;wJh rwljcm;em;csufw&yfygyJ?

u|efawmfwkd@ ol@&J@ pdwfa&mukd,fyg jynfol@tusdK;aqmifwJhrGefjrwfwJh pdwf"mwfukd avhvm=u&r,f? ol@vkdyJ kd;om;ajzmifhrwf usm;ukwf

usm;cJyifyifyef;yef;eJ@ vkyfwJhvkyf[ef/ txuf&J@ nef=um;csufukdvkdufemapmifhxdef;wm/ ukd,fusdK;riJhbJ awmfvSefa&;ta&;awmfyHkvkyfief;rsm;ukd

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

9/133

9

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fwufwufuu vkyfaqmifwJh pdwf"mwfukd azmfxkwf=u&r,f? tdrfaxmifADZqkd&if qif;&Jom;v,form;jzpfw,f? awmfvSefa&;wJ yg0if+yD;aemufkd;kd;ukyfukyfqif;&Jyifyef;cH+cdK;+cHac| wmwJhvkyf[efazmfjyEkdifcJhw,f?vkyfom;jynfolawG&J@ tpOftvmrsm;ukd apmifhxdef;EkdifapcJhw,f? wcsdK@aom vlawGvkdrdrdb0arhwmrsdK;/ uGefjrLepfygwD&J@ &mxl;trnfcH+yD; rw&m;wJhenf;vrf;jzifhOpPm"e&Sm}uHwmrsdK;/ tcGifhaumif;,l+yD; ppfajrjyifu odrf;&wJhtrsm;ykdifypPnf; tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfwmrsdK;/ ukefa&mif;ukef0,f arSmifckdvkyfief;vkyfwmrsdK;/ rdrdpm;omufa&;ukd rufarmwJh &Sufp&maumif;vSwJhtusifhqkdawGrsdK;vkyfwm r[kwfbl;?

u|efawmfwkd@[m ol@&J@ yuwdurBmhtjrifukd }udK;pm;jyKjyifEkdifwJhwcsdefwnf;rSm rdrdtwWbm0ukdvnf; jyKjyifEkdifwm rsdK;ukdavhvm=u&r,f?ol@vkdyJacgif;aqmifau'g[m jynfolvlxkxHwynfhcHwmrsdK;/ awmfvSefa&;twGufbmrqkdrod&if ESdrfhESdrfhcscs ar;wmrsdK;/ vlxkeJ@&if;&if;ESD;ESD;qufqHaygif;oif;Ekdif+yD; vlxkukd*kpkdufwmrsdK; [ef}uD;yef}uD;rjyKwmrsdK;/ ukdynmoifv$wfwJhtcgrSm acgif;aqmifwOD;taejzifh omrefavhvma&;ausmif;om;wOD;tjzpfcH,lEkdifapcJh+yD;/ ausmif;&J@ pnf;Hk;a&;pnf;urf;rsm;ukdvkdufemapmifhxdef;EkdifcJhw,f? rdrdukd,fukda0zefa&;vkyf/ cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm EkdifcJhw,f? rdrd&J@ csdK@,Gif;csufukd&J&J}uD; jyifEkdifcJhw,f? ygwDu ukdta0;qHk;tqif;&Jtyifyef;qHk;ae&mokd@ apv$wfwm0efay;wJhtcg olu kyf0wKypPnf;awGrufarmawmif;wwm r[kwfbJ/ oGm;cgeD; OuU}uD;armf&J@ vufa&G;pOfusrf;pmtkyf&a&;twGuf[kdvkdufar;'Dvkduf&SmeJ@ r&ru ,laqmifoGm;w,f? ygwD&J@ ay:vpDpmwrf;rsm; ,laqmifoGm;w,f? &Jabmf [Grfa[mf[m a'oopfrSm opPm&SdpGmjzifhygwD&J@vrf;pOfay:vpDrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&mrSm acgif;aqmifaumif;wa,mufjzpfw,f? 'g[m ol touf&SifaewJhumvrSm rmhufpf0g'/ vDeif0g'/ armfpDwkef;tawG;tac:rsm;ukd }udK;pm;avhvmwm jzpfw,f? OuUocifAodef;wif&J@ oGefoifcsufukd aumif;rGefpGm avhhvmaqmif&GufwmeJ@ cGJjcm;vkd@r&ygbl;? wcsdK

@aomvlawGvkdt&if;tESD;a[mif;ukdyJESpfodrfhae+yD; [ef}uD;yef}uD;eJ@ um;0gajymqkdaewmrsdK;/ rdrdukd,fukd txif}uD;aewmrsdK;/ bmrqkd rdrdajym

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

10/133

10

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fwmvkyfwmrSef&r,fqkdwmrsdK;/ txufacgif;aqmifr_ukd rsufpdxJrxm;wmrsdK;awGukd azmfjywmr[kwfygbl;?

u|efawmfwkd@[m ol@&J@awmfvSefa&; taumif;jrif0g'ukdavhvm=u&r,f? ol@vkdyJtcuftcJukdra=umuf&GH@ rwkefv_yfwm/ tcuftcJukdjrif+yD; rSefuefpGm oabmxm;Ekdif/ tcuftcJukdausmfeif;wJhbmrxDpdwf"mwfrsdK;ukdavhvm=u&r,f? tcuftcJ[m ol@ukdaemufrqkwfapcJhbl;?ukd,fcE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

11/133

11

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi frsm;&J@ =unfndKav;pm;r_ukd cH,lapcJhw,f?

&Jabmf[Grfa[mf&J@ woufwm[m }uHh}uHhckdif&efoleJ@wkdufyGJqifEkdifwJhwoufwmyJ? pGJpGJ+rJ+rJ awmfvSefa&;ukdqifE$JEkdifwJhwoufwmygyJ?

&Jabmf[Grfa[mf[m u|efawmfwkdeJ@ x0pOfuGJuGmoGm;cJhyg+yD? u|efawmfwdk@[m 0rf;enf;a=uuGJr_ukd tiftm;tjzpf ajymif;vJap+yD; OuUocifAodef;wiftrSL;jyKwJhA[kdeJ@ ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD&J@ ywfywfvnfrSmpnf;vHk;nDnGwf+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifum qufvufI usqHk;oGm;wJhtmZmenfawG&J@ r+yD;qHk;ao;whJawmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;twkdif; csDwuf+yD; ArmjynfwjynfvHk; vHk;0vGwfajrmufa&;twGufeJ@ uGefjrLepf0g'ta&;awmfyHkatmifjrifa&;twGuf qHk;cef;wkdifvHk;yef;wkdufckduf=uygpkd@?

&Jabmf[Grfa[mfurBma=uaomfvnf; O'gef;wGifygap?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

12/133

12

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fA k dv fw k du fatmi f& J @ r dom;p kx H ay ;pmr sm ;

ay;pm (1)okd@om;eJ@orD;azaz txl;owd&pGmjzifhom;eJ@ orD;wkd@xHpm;a&;vkdufw,f? r=umcifuarareJ@ om;wkd@orD;wkd@ azazhxHay;vkdufwJhpmawGvnf; azazzwf&w,f?araru azazhxHa&;wJhpmxJrSm tdrftwGufbmr# pdwfrylzdk@ om;eJ@orD;twGuf pdwfrylzkd@? om;eJ@ orD;uvnf; azazhpum;ukd em;axmifr,f/avhvm a&;ukd }udK;pm;r,f/ ararhukdulnDr,fqdkwJhpmawGukd azazzwfvkduf&awmh0rf;omvkd@ rqHk;Ekdifbl;aygh? azazhxHpma&;wkdif; om;eJ@orD;wkd@vdrRm=uwmawG@awmhazazvnf; a&S@wef;rSm pdwfcspGm tvkyfvkyfEkdifwmaygh? aemifrSmvnf; om;eJ@orD;[m azazxH pma&;=uwJhtwkdif; qufvuf}udK;pm; vkyfaqmifoGm;vdrfhr,fvkd@ azaz,Hk=unfw,f?

om;twGuf azazajymcsifwmuawmh avhvma&;ukd t&ifuvkdyJ }udK;pm;zkd@/ ausmif;uyGJuvGJvkd@ tjcm;uyGJrsm; rvkdufzkd@qkdwJh ararajymwm azazvnf; oabmwlw,f? 'Dvkdajym&wm om;twGufpmayaemufusrSm pkd;vkd@jzpfw,f?

orD;twGuf ajymcsifwmuawmh orD;[m avhvma&;vnf;}udK;pm;w,f? rmrmhukdvnf; ulnDw,f? 'gayrJhorD; }udK;pm;jyifzkd@uawmhtpm;taomuf a&G;cs,fwmjyifzkd@ vkdw,f? orD;usef;rma&;[m odyfraumif; ao;bl;? orD;usrRma&; aumif;vmatmifbmrqdkpm;yg? 'grSomaemifrSm arareJ@ ukdukdwkd@ a&S@wef;ukdvmwJhtcg orD;vnf; vkdufvmEkdifrSm?

aemifvl}uHKrS azaz pmxyfa&;OD;r,f?om;eJ@orD;&J@

azaz3/ 2/ 82?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

13/133

13

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fay;pm(2)

om;

8/ 3/ 83?cifatmifazaz owd&pGmjzifh pma&;vkdufw,f? azazwkd@awmh acsmarm

pGmeJ@ vkd&mc&D;okd@ a&muf+yD; vkyfief;awGvkyfae=u+yD?azazhusef;rma&;vnf; aumif;ygw,f?om;&J@ avhvma&;tajctaeeJ@ usef;rma&;tajctaea&m

aumif;&J@vm;? rmrmhazazxH pma&;wkdif; rif;vnf;a&;/ rif;nDrvnf;a&;ckdif;aygh? azaz rif;twGuft"du pkd;&drfwmawmh rif;&J@avhvma&;eJ@rif;&J@a&S@a&;twGufyJ? azazuvnf; awmfvSefa&;wm0efawGa=umifhom;orD;awGeJ@ t+rJtwlraeEkdif? rif;wdk@rmrmhuvnf; tvkyfrsm;?om;orD;awGukd aumif;rGefpGm ynmay;zkd@ tcsdefr&jzpfaeawmh rif;wdk@armifESr 2 OD; vlawmfvlaumif;awG jzpfvm rjzpfvmqkdwmbJazazhtaeeJ@ pkd;&drfrdwmbJ? 'gayrJh,cktxdom;a&morD;a&m vdrfrmw,f? rdbpum; em;axmifw,f? rmrmhuvnf; t+rJwrf; rif; wkd@ukdulnDaeawmhazazvnf; a&S@wef;rSm pdwdcsrf;ompGmeJ@ tvkyfvkyfEkdifwmaygh? rif;nDrukdvnf; ulnDaemf?

rmrmhu tvkyfursm;/ ol@usef;rma&;tajccHuvnf; raumif;qkdawmh wcgw&H zsm;wJhtcg om;taeeJ@ oufqkdif&mukd cGifhawmif;+yD;rmrmeJ@ nDrav;udk jyefulnDaygh? rif;nDrudkvnf; olvkyfEkdifoavmufckdif;ay; okd@r[kwfv#if }uD;vm&ifbmr# rvkyfwwf jzpfaerSm

aemifvl}uHKrSxyfa&;OD;r,f?oifh

azaz?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

14/133

14

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fa y ; p m ( 3 )

okd@orD;azazowd&pGmjzifh pma&;vkdufw,f? azazuvnf; orD;wkd@eJ@

cGJvm+yD;aemuf ae@wkdif;yJ rtm;&bl;? c&D;xGufzkd@ jyifqif&w,f? &JabmfawGeJ@ aqG;aEG;&wmawGvkyfae&w,f? tvkyfrsm;vGef;vdk@ orD;xH pmra&;EkdifwmukdorD;cGifhv$wfygaemf? awmfvSefa&;orm;awGqkdwm 'DvkdyJorD;?awmfvSefa&;twGuf tvkyfawGrsm;vm+yDqkd&iftJ'DtvkyfawGudkt&if+yD;atmif vkyf+yD;rS rdrdtwGufjzpfwJh rmrmhwkd@/ orD;wdk@/ ukdudkwdk@ukdowd&wJhta=umif;rsm; pma&;wmwdk@ukd aemufrS a&;&w,f? 'Dvkd pOf;pm;wm[m aumif;rGefwJh tawG;tac:vkd@ac:w,f?

orD;vnf; }uD;vm&ifazazwkd@ rmrmhwkd@vkdawmfvSefa&; orm;jzpf&rSmyJ? 'ga=umifh,ckorD;[m i,fao;ayr,fhazazwkd@vkdyJawmfvSefa&;wm0efawG &Sdw,fodvm;? tJ'gu bmvJqkd&if orD;}uD;vmwJhtcgawmfvSefa&;vkyfief;awG aumif;aumif;vkyfEkdifzdk@twGuf,ckorD;pmayavhvmae&w,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'g awmfvSefa&;wm0efaygh? 'ga=umifhavhvma&; udk }udK;pm;wm yifr/ upm;wm 'kwd, jzpf&r,fr[kwfvm;?azazajymwm [kwfa=umif;? azazuawmh orD;av; pmar;yGJ vkyfwkdif;yxr&apcsifwmaygh? tdrfjyefa&muf&ifvnf; rmrmhukd ulnDzkd@ odwwfw,fqkd&if azazuawmh tm;}uD; 0rf;omrSmaygh? 'Dvkd orD;&J@ owif;aumif;awG =um;&&if azazjyefvmwkdif; orD;ukd csD;usL;rqHk;Ekdifbl;aygh?

orD;twGuf azazvkyfay;xm;wJhtdrfa&S@u opfcGyef;av;awGyGif+yDvm;? jrefjrefyGifhatmif rkd;r&GmwJhae@qkd&ifnaewkdif; a&wcgwcgavmif;ay;aygh? rmrm}uD; tvkyfrtm;&iforD;u =uufuav;awGvnf;0kdif;*kpkduf tpmau|;wmawG vkyfulOD;aygh?

azazc&D;rxGufciftcsdef&u pmxyfa&;OD;r,f?orD;&J@azaz?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

15/133

15


v,form;u Ge f j r Lep f zd ;o H (v l x k)

v,form;ppfppfuae/ uGefjrLepfppfpfjzpfatmifb,fpepfudkawmfvSef/ b,ftopfudkxlaxmif

b,ftxpfawGwufvSrf;&w,fwu,fwrf;odcsifw,fqdk&ifol@ta=umif;udkavhvmyg?

pum;udkrsm;rsm;rajymajymjyef&ifvnf;roG,f0dkufwdkufdkuf-wHk;wdodwJhtwdkif;ajym/ ajymwJhtwdkif;vkyf[kwfw,fvdk@olxif&if

Sifbk&ifudkvnf;ra=umufwJhvl}uD;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

16/133

16


tm%mSifppfolcdk;awGudkx,fxdk;ovdkxdk;/ xGefoHk;ovdkr_ef;a&ajrqHk;wJhtxdpdwf'kef;'kef;cs/ wdkufcdkufjycJhovdkrdbjynfolawGudkom;i,fvdkvkyfau|;aoG;ac|;awGay;vSLcJhol?

omrefvlawGtwGufomrefc&D;rav#mufyJomrefr[kwfwJhpGef@v$wfr_awGvkyfcJhwJhomrefv,form;yJcl;e,fom;}uD;udkomrefuAsmwyk'feJ@om*k%fjyKEdkifwJhigtm;emrdyg&J@oludkifwJhtvHudkxrf;olqdkwJhaw;udk[pf&if;&ifwGif;uol@ta=umif;armif;wcsufxkvdkufygw,faomif;xdkufrSm[nf;apom;?

zd;oH (vlxk)

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

17/133

17


&mo Dtay gi f ;b,fvk dy J a jymi f ;y gapvGr f ;ai G @a0qJ ? armi fvS0i f ; ( jri f ; +c H)

rdk;rcEG,fEGJ@vs,drf;cgvsufE_wfqufcsdefolavsmif;pufoGm;cJh+yD?

jr&mawm orkdif;pOfrSyJcl;kd;r&J@ rkefwkdif;oHtHhrukefatmifxpfcsKef;nHqJrSmwkdufyGJeJ@twl&SifoefvmcJhwJhESvHk;om;wck?

jr&mawmrScsDwufcJhw,frJe,fawmifwef; ytkd@0fawmifwef;rsm;a&jym&pfoef; tif;av;uef

ae=umwkd@ OD;armh&m rJZvDawmwef;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

18/133

18

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fa0qkdif;r_dif;ndK@ 0awmifwef;wkd@qDolav#mufvSrf;cJh& c&D;&SnfaoG;ac|;t&if;wnf&wJhvrf;wkdufyGJawGeJ@ yrf;wD;vsuf?

awmifjrifh}uD;awGwvHk;+yD;wvHk;zefckefovkdckefaygufausmfv$m;yef;quform; AswWvkdkd;rukdausmftif;av;rSm waxmufem;rkd;ysHawmif}uD;awGol@z0g;atmufA[kdeJ@ ajymufusm;a'ovGef;&S,fovkdacgufwkH@acgufjyeftzefzeful;vl;cJhwJhol@&J@ESvHk;om;bmom;eJ@rsm;xkqpfxm;ygvdrfh?

ol@ESvHk;om;pGrf;tm;}uD;jrifhr_&J@ZmpfjrpfygwDukdcspfjynfolukdcspfwJhpdwf"mwfeJ@w&pyftqufrjywfygavtm;opfawGpdrfhxGufaecJhw,fEGm;oli,fvkdkdkdusdK;usdK;wkdif;jynftusdK;ukdxrf;ydk;xrf;ovkdo,fykd;zdk@ol@ycHk;kd; rmcJhw,f?

yJcl;kd;rukd+idK;rmefzGJ@

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

19/133

19

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi facgif;eJ@a0S@wkdufcJhwJhrkefwkdif;ausmufwHwkdif;awGwkdufpm;EkdifcJhayr,fhjr&mawm&J@ A[kdcsufr'kd@ol&Jaumif;awG&J@ tjrKaw &wemeDjref;wJhESvHk;om;awGozef;yifay:rScsdwfqGJcJhwmr[kwfapmarmifEkwkd@wawGw,kw,ykdufaxG;odrf;qnf;cJh=uw,f?

tif;av;a&jyifrSmolwkd@yHk&dyfv$mawGxif[yfqJa0[if,HutjrifhysHpifa&mfiSufawGjrifawG@Ekdif=uw,f?

vGrf;ol@yef;acGwa0a0eJ@wrf;wumav

ajzrajybJ'dk@&ifxJrSmol &SdaeqJyg?

oltdyf&mxufyufvuftoHrxGufEkdif&mESpfrsm;pGmygol@tmHkrSmqkdAD,ufu oHr%dol&Jaumif; kyfyHkv$m

tm;ay;az;raerSm aocsmygw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

20/133

20


wcgu 0awmifwef;}uD;ay:rSmwm0efc&D;eJ@ oljrif;pD;tvmOD;xkyfrSm =u,feDwvufvufeJ@usufoa&&SdpGm cHhnm;wJhol@ukdnefjytJ'g wkdufwkdif;atmif&J@ wyfrSL;

&JpdwfeJ@ xl;jcm;*k%fajymifwJhwOD;'kd@wyf&J@acgif;aqmifAkdvfwkdufatmifygvkd@0 - vm;[l- tcg jynfolrsm;pGmtm;igajym=um;&if; *k%f,lcJhzl;wmckxdvGrf;qGwfqJ?

armi fvS0i f ; ( jri f ; +c H)

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

21/133

21


wy fr S L ;}u D ;& Jabm fw k du fat mi ftm; t av ;e Djy K jci f ; & J abm fatmi fE ki fOD;

ar#mfvifh[efrwljyefawG@onfwGifjyL;=unfrsufvHk;rsm;ESifh+yHK;vsufom;/ tm;&0rf;om

rsufESm&$ifvef;vufawGurf;vkd@ vSrf;zufonfajymrxGufonfhol@toHa=umifhu|efawmfcHpm;r_v_dufceJjzpfrdao;ta&;rxm;Ekdifyg/ ol@tmHkupma&;jyrSauseyf/ acgif;wqwfqwfESifhol@&ifxJrSwfrdaeyHkawGa0a00g;0g; pum;awGjyefajymvuf[efajc[efESifhpdwf"mwfrSef.kyfcE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

22/133

22

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fol@wm0eftm;/ wm;qD;vkdufonf?

ol@usef;rma&;awG;jyefaomfrlwm0efxrf;&if;,kd,Gif;usdK;ayguf/ aoG;a=umazmufumOD;aESmufwGif;aoG;0ifu,fcsdefyifrrDygtmHka=umxd/ zdpD;ESdyfpuf

toHxGufr&/ jzpfoGm;onfolum; ppfa&;a&S@aqmifAkdvfwkdufatmifyifwnf;?

acgif;aqmifa&S@oGm;/ rsm;rsm;vkyfeJeJajymtajymxuf/ vufawG@ykdif;ykdoefordkif;rSefukd/ qufykdif;jyefvSef*syefzufqpf/ awmfvSefppf0,fyJcl;e,fw0kduf

anmifukdif;wkdufyGJrSpZGJebJeJ@ &J0HhpGef@pm;xifxif&Sm;&Sm; v_yf&Sm;wkdufyGJ0ifcJhol?

48 ckESpf/ jynfwGif;ppftprSma0g+rdK@e,fygwDaumfrwD0ifjzpfonfppfa&;wGifum;&if; 5 &if;rSL;wm0efausyGefcJhonf49 rSm 'kwyfr[mrSL;ESifhyJcl;ckdifaumfrwD

aemuf- yDt,fvfat wyfr}uD; 3 .

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

23/133

23

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f'kwyfrrSL;}uD; wm0ef,lcJhonf?

jynfyrSmvnf; avhvma&;vkyf&if;yif62 ckESpfwGifwzefjynfawmfjyefa&;AD,uferfESifhaqG;aEG;umvmtdkrSyif/ jynfwGif;0ifonf62 rSonf66 ckESpftxdwdusckdif+rJ/ yJcl;kd;rwcGif

ppfqifrqdkif;wkdufwkdif;atmifwyfrSL;rSaetxl;qufom; rtm;0efykdA[kdXmecGJESifhyJcl;kd;rtwGufoG,fqufay;+yD;aemufta&S@ajrmufa&muf&jyefum75 ckESpfrSm/ ygwDA[kdaumfrwDjzpfcJhonfxkdpyful;rwful;/ txl;wm0ef,ljyefao;onfxkdumvrSwzef

ppfa'o. 'kwyfrSL;wm0efxrf;onf79 vrf;pOfcst+yD;vycrSm wyfrSL;}uD;wm0efxrf;&if;ysuf,Gif;[kdufEGrf; rusef;rrma&m*gaAGazmuf/ OD;aESmufaoG;a=um ayguf&onfESpfv&Snf=um/ emwm&Snfjzpf2001 ckESpfwGif;wGifoluG,fvGefjcif;jzpfonfoluGefjrLepfacwfopfukd,Hkovkdjynfol@'Drkdua&pDukdvnf; ,Hk=unfjynfol@awmfvSefa&;rSm

wm0eftvDvDayG@csDo,faqmif

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

24/133

24


AkdvfwkdufatmifonfvGef*k%fajymifonfhacgif;aqmifaumif;jzpfonfESifhtnDu|Ekfyfwkd@ tav;eDjyKvkduf&ayonf?

&Jabm fatmi fE k di fO D ; 20/ 9/ 2013?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

25/133

25


armi f p k;cs de fE k d 0i fbm 16 / 2013 ?

2001 rSmwkdufwkdif;atmifwyfrSL;}uD&JabmfwkdufatmifuG,fvGefcJhaygh2007 rwfvrSmwyfrSL;}uD;&J@ ZeD;onf&Jabmf(r) cifeJ@qHkqnf;jzpfcJh=u?xkdpOfxJu

wyfrSL;}uD;&J@ b0tpdwftykdif;

v G w fajrmufa&;ol& Jaumi f;(wyfr S L ; }uD; & Jabmfwk dufatmifok d @tav; j y KuA s m )

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

26/133

26

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi forkdif;pmrsufESmrsm;pwifzwf=um;rdcJhaygh?

vlwkdif;vlwkdif;acwforkdif;eJ@ qufpyftawmrowfv_yf&Sm;usifvnfaoonftxd&yfwnfr_eJ@ todw&m;jcm;em;vGef;pGm ?

vl,Ofaus;eJ@ vl@tkdif;tpkdif;jrifhjrwfol/ ,kwfnHholoduQmwefzkd; }uD;rm;oleJ@ uif;rJholrwljcm;em;=uw,fav?

e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;rSmyg0ifv_yf&Sm;vmcJh

i,f&G,fpOfrSmyJygwDtvHawmfatmuftwufuqHk; a&mufvmcJhol?

zufqpf*syefawmfvSef0Hh&Jjynfol@ppfyGJxJyJcl;e,fanmifukdif;wkdufyGJupxm0& awmfvSefa&;orm;ausmufom;ausmufwkdif

tckdiftrm pkdufxlcJholyJ?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

27/133

27


azmufjyefwJhtkyfpkd;zdESdyfoltqufqufukdrsdK;quftvkdufawmfvSefwkdufckduf&if;q,fpkESpfawGjzwfoef;vmwyf&if;rSL;/ 'kwyfrrSL;wyfr[mrSL;wkdufwkdif;atmifwyfrSL;}uD;uGefjrLepfwyfrSL;}uD; jzpfvmcJhav&J@?

pdwftawG; uGef&ufxJtvdkvdkE_dif;,SOfrdvsufom;jzpfcJhae0if;cg;ykdufaqmifwyfua=u;pm;wyfrrSL;e,fpm;y,fpm; ppfya'o&mZfwkdif;rSL;rsm;ppfAsLkdu&ufrsm;pGm;atmufzdtay:zm;&mxltm%mwkd;a&; t"duxm;

udk,fusdK;pD;yGm;}uD;xGm;ckdifcHhzkd@ppfwkdufay;ae& ppfAdkvfvkyfae&jynfwGif;ppfeJ@ }uD;yGm;csrf;omatmifvkyf,l=uawmifay:ajrjyef@ trsdK;om;vlxkukdowf&zdESdyftEkdifusifh&jc,fvS,ftjrwfxkwf&&ufpufvGef;av &mxl;wkd;avppfwyf[m rkd;ay:axmifrypfvlxkukdwnfhwnfhyJypfw,f

ypfcwfowfjzwfav bGJ@xl;wkd;av;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

28/133

28

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fqkwHqdyftxyfxyf&&Sdavaygh?

jynfwGif;ppftkd;yHkay:aoG;acsmif;yifvJxJppf&mZ0ifaumifawGrSmolckd;"m;jrjzpfvmppftm%mqkdwm tjrwfxkwfa&;ud&d,musdusdwufcsrf;omvmcJh=uuGefjrLepfwyfr[mrSL;crsm

vlxkeJ@twlrGJaw qif;&JvSygbdeykdifqkdifr_qkdwm ewdvlxkvGwfajrmufzkd@ukef;kef;awmfvSefaecJh&rdom;pkta&; ab;csdwfxm;&pGef@v$wftepfemcHcJh&ukd,fusdK;pGef@&if; a&m*g&?

a=omf wkdufwkdif;atmif

uGefjrLepfwyfrSL;}uD;&Jabmfwkdufatmifa=uuGJp&m aumif;vGef;vSArmjynforkdif; rvSwmukd'Drkdua&pD+idrf;csrf;a&;&zkd@trsdK;om;vlxkvGwfajrmufzkd@vlr_pepfqkd; zsufodrf;zkd@uGefjrLepfppfAkdvfcsLyfwkd@&J@pdwf"mwfcGeftm;owWdeJ@kef;uefawmfvSefcJh

ukd,fusdK;pGef@ay;qyfcJh

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

29/133

29

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi ftJ'Dpdwf"mwf=u,fyGifhtJ'DcGeftm; ZGJowWdpdefyGifhawGuArmjynfawmfvSefa&;tvHay:rSmzl;yGifha0cJhawmufycJhArmjynftusnf;wefppftrm&GwfrsufESmxuf+ydK;jyufjc,fo qifjref;cJhusaemfwkd@&ifxJacgif;xufrSmxm0& qifjref;&wJhpdwf=u,fyGifhawGaygh?

wkdif;jynfvGwfajrmufa&;toufay;xm; wkdufyGJawGxJrSmav;eufwJh,Hk=unfcsufxJrSmb0wckvHk; &Jabmf}uD; jrKyfESHcJhayghukd,fusdK;pGefay;qyfvGef;awmhtjrwftpGef;tjzpfa&m*gawG&vmayghwkdif;jynf&J@ om;aumif;&wemwkdif;rSma&m*gtrsdK;rsdK; &vmwm "rRwmyJr[kwfvm;?

okd@ayrifhaorif;u &Jabmf}uD;&J@ toufukdvk,loGm;w,fao&myg &Sif&myg ol&Jaumif;pdwf"mwftouf[musaemfwkd@vufxJrSm t&,lxm;cJhw,faemfurBmwnfoa&G@usef&pfcJhaorif;u &Jabmf}uD;&J@ESvHk;aoG;ckefoHukd&yfqkdif;ypfcJhusaemfwkd@ &ifxJrSm&Jabmf}uD;vGwfajrmufa&; &ifckefoH[mw&HrvyfyJhwifxyf

puUef@rjywf&Sifoefaeav&J@ &Jabmf}uD;a&?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

30/133

30


a=uuGJr_bmompum;vHk;onfuAsmyef;wuHk;eJ@OD;nGwf*g&0jyKvkdufygw,f&Jabmf}uD;?

armi f pk;cs defE k0i fbm 16/ 2013?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

31/133

31


vlaoaom fvn f ; em rn fraoo lr sm ;at;c s p f

Akdvfwkdufatmifqkdwm

yJcl;kd;reJ@ ta&S@ajrmuf

EkdifiHhtausmf

ypPnf;rJhawmfvSefa&;orm;

80 ckESpfumvydkif;

tv,fykdif; AsLkdqif;

&Srf;jynfwcGifv_yf&Sm;

yifavmif;w0kduftajcjyK

vlxkukdpnf;Hk;um

ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk

acsr_ef;zkd@ jyifqif

jynfolcspfwJholyif?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

32/133

32

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f &JabmfawGav;pm;

tm;uscifrif

ol@ukdygcif?

wkdufyGJc&D;

qufIESifwkef;

avjzwfrv_yfEdkif

ajymufusm;cGifrS

tajccHa'oykd@

aq;HkrSmyJtkd;xkwfcJh&?

r+yD;qHk;ao;wJhawmfvSefa&;c&D;

ol@rSm ZeD;eJ@ om;orD; 2 OD;usefcJhw,f?

rusefonfrSm OpPm"e

usefonfrSm

awmfvSefpdwf"mwfyg? ?

at;c s p f 14-2-2004?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

33/133

33


awmfvSe fa&;arm fu Ge f ;x Jr S & Jabm fwk du fatmi fau s m f aq G

y*kd;kd;rqdkwm-pdrf;jrndK@r_dif;/ euf_dif;awmawmifaygu,fo,HZmw/ pHkvifvSwJhtv,fkd;r&J@ wae&maygh?

y*kd;kd;r[m/ wcsdefwcguArmjynfolawG&J@/ zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;

atmifajrjzpfcJhzl;w,f?

y*kd;kd;r[m/ wcsdefwcguArmjynforkdif;opfukd/ zGifhvSpfxkqpfzkd@ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@azmufjyefa&;tpkd;&tqufqufukdawmfvSefykefuef/ aoewfoHawGwjynfvHk; [def;nH/ b0ufv#HapcJhwJhtzdESdyfcHwkdif;&if;om;aygif;pHk&J@b0vGwfajrmufa&;jzpfwJhArmjynfopfukdaqmif=uOf;vmr,fhjynfol@'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;ukd

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

34/133

34

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fa&S@aqmifnefjycJhwJhArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@A[kdXmecsKyftajcpkduf&mtcsuftjcmae&mvnf; jzpfcJhhzl;w,f?

'Dae&m[m/ wcsdefwcguteDa&mifrsdK;quf/ awmfvSefa&;ysdK;yifrsm;&Sifoef}uD;xGm;/ rsdK;yGm;ul;qufjyef@yGm;a&;twGuf

rmhufpfvDeif0g'wuUokdfvfrSmoabmw&m;a&;ynm&nfEkd@aomufpkd@zkd@/ ta&S@wkdif;okd@rdcifygwDu ykd@v$wfcJhzl;w,f?

ynmjynfhpHktawG@t}uHK/ ukHvkHu,f0yHkpHrsdK;pHk/ omefrsdK;pHkeJ@rdcif&ifcGifxH/ jyefa&mufvmwJh

awmfvSefa&;rsdK;qufrsm;ukdaEG;axG;v_dufvSJpGm'Dae&mrSm }udKqkdcJhzl;w,f?

jyefa&mufvmwJhawmfvSefa&;rsdK;qufxJrSm&JabmfwkdufatmifolvJ ygcJhw,f?

ol[m (1962) rSm

vmtkdukdjzwf/ AD,uferfukdjzwfrJacgifukdjzwf/ oHvGifjzwf

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

35/133

35

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f&JoHk;&Jpdwf"mwf&ifrSmykduf+yD;tcuftcJausmfv$m;atmifyGJt&,lqdkwJhkd;r&J@pdwf"mwfeJ@&Srf;kd;rukdausmfjzwfy*dk;A[kdXmecsKyfukdajccscJhw,f?

kd;r[m &efol0dkif;ywfxm;wJh=um;rSm&JoHk;&Jpdwf"mwf

wkdufwkdif;atmifpdwf"mwfawGtxGwftxdyfa&mufaewJhumv'DumvrSm kd;rA[kdXmecsKyfuAkdvfwkdufatmifukdwk dufwk di f ;atmif wyf&J@wyfrSL;}uD;wm0efukd,Hk=unfpdwfcspGm(65-66) rSm tyfESif;cJhw,f/

tJ'Dumvkd;rrSm/ wkd;yGm;cJhw,fwkdufwkdif;atmifwyfzGJ@rsm;?

tJ'DaemufrSm A[kdXmecGJtajcpkduf&m&Srf;kd;reJ@/ y*dk;kd;r A[kdXmecsKyft=um;vGef;xkd;oGm;vm/ txl;qufom;tjzpfaq;vkyfom; q&mwifat;toGifeJ@tif;av;a'ow0kdufrSm

ppftpkd;& a=u;pm;wyfrsm;ukdwkdufyGJ0if&if;vlxkt=um; pnf;Hk;v_yf&Sm;cJhw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

36/133

36


1968 aemufykdif; ta&S@ajrmufe,fpyftajccHppfa'ozGifhvSpfay:aygufvmwJhtcgppfa'o&J@ 'kwyfrSL; 0rfzkppfvif1tjzpfe,fpyftajccHa'orSm}uD;xGm;vmwJhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pHkyg0ifwJhwyfrawmfukdacgif;aqmif&jyefw,f?

1975 rwfv/ kd;rrSm OuUocifZiftwGif;a&;rSL; ocifcspfwkd@ygwDeJ@ jynfoltwGuftoufaoG;ac|;ay;qufawmfvSefa&;ukdurnf;xkd;oGm;wJhtcgwAkdvfus wAkdvfwufa&S@qufcsDwufzkd@OuUocifAodef;wifa&S@aqmifwJh

A[kdaumfrwDay:aygufvmwJhtcgol[m A[kdaumfrwDtzGJ@0ifjzpfvmw,f?txl;vkyfief;ukdwm0ef,l&oljzpfvmw,f?

&9 vrf;pOft& A[kdXmecGJrsm; ay:aygufvmwJhtcgol[m ygwDu tyfESif;vmwJhtv,fykdif;A[kdXmecGJ&J@wyfrSL;wm0efxrf;aqmif&jyefw,f?

XmecGJwyfrSL;wm0efukdxrf;ykd;&if;e,fpyfA[kdtajccHa'oeJ@

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

37/133

37

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi ftv,fykdif;A[kdXmecGJt=um;qif;csDwufcsDv_yf&Sm;&if;eJ@&Srf;jynfawmifwef;rsm;&J@wae&m&vvza'orSm/ cufcJ=urf;wrf;vSwJhawmfvSefa&;b0twGif;/ kef;uefv_yf&Sm;&if;qkd;0g;jyif;xefvSwJhOD;aESmufaoG;a=umydwfa&m*g cHpm;&+yD;0kdif;ywfxm;wJh&efol@wyfrsm;ukdxkd;azmuf

aq;ukocH,lzkd@(83) rSm e,fpyfukdjyefwufvmcJh&w,f?

e,fpyftajccHa'orSmrdcifygwD&J@tvHawmfatmufrSmwzufEkdifiH&J@ tultnDatmufrSmZeD;oufxm;eJ@ vlrr,fom;orD;rsm;&J@az;rulnDr_eJ@rajymEkdifrqkdEkdifawmhayr,fh

v_yf&Sm;EkdifwJhcE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

38/133

38

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fv_yf&Sm;kef;uefaewkef;/ temhyqkyfqkdwJhtqkyfuifqmu/ kwfw&uf0ifa&mufxkd;ESufvmjyefawmhvJvufrwaxmifaxmifeJ@/ t+yHK;rysuft_H;ray;bJ/ 18 ESpfvHk;vHk;ESvHk;ckef&yfonftxdwkdufyGJquf0HhwJhol?

ckawmh- ol[m olcspfwJhtrdjynf/ olcspfwJhjynfol

olcspfwJhygwD/ olcspfwJh&Jabmfrsm;eJ@olcspfwJhrdom;pkukd/ cGJcGmxm;&pf+yD;usaemfwkd@xHyg;uxm0& xGufcGmoGm;cJhayrJhus&mae&m/ us&mwm0efukdpum;enf;enf;ajym/ tvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyfpdwfxm;ESdrfhcs+yD;tm;vHk;eJ@ pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_ukdtav;tjrwfjyK&mrSm

twk,l&avmufatmifpHerlempkdufxlcJhwJhygwD&J@ acgif;aqmifaumif;wa,muftjzpfawmfvSefa&;armfuGef; urnf;xkqpfcJholol Akdvfwkdufatmifukdtav;eDjyKvkdufygw,fxm0pOfO'gef;wGif&pfygapaomf? ?

au s m f aq Gpu fwi fbm 11 / 2013?& Si f ;c su f-1-0r fz kpp fvi f(w kwfpum;)-' kwy fr S L ;0r f

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

39/133

39


u|efrcifyGef;onf[m u|efreJ@ om;orD;awGudk cGJcGmoGm;cJ@wm(19-6-2010)&ufqdk&if10 ESpfwif;wif;jynfhcJhyg+yD? tcsdefawGvawG&ufawGajymif;cJhayr,fhu|efrwkd@ESvHk;om;xJrSmb,fvdkrSarhaysmufr&Edkifygbl;?(19-6-2001)ae@eHeuf 9 em&DcsdefrSm ol[m u|efrwdk@eJ@ tpOfxm0& cGJcGmoGm;cJh+yD; at;csrf;pGm jidrf;csrf;pGm tem;,loGm;cJhyg+yD?

u|efrb0udktvif;a&mifxJac:aqmifay;cJhwm vrf;jyay;cJhwmu|efr&J@cifyGef;onfyg? vd_ufvSJjcif; azmfa&Gjcif; yGifhvif;kd;om;jcif; jzLpifjcif;awG &Sdzdk@ tajccHvrf;nefwnfaqmufay;cJhwm u|efrcifyGef;onfyg?u|efrcifyGef;onf&J@ b0wydkif;wpqdkwJhacgif;pOfwyf+yD; azmfjyvdkwmu u|efreJ@awG@qkHpOfumveJ@aemufqHk;cGJcGmoGm;wJhtcsdefydkif;txdoleJ@ywfouf+yD;u|efrxdawG@cHpm;&wJhyHk&dyfawGudkpdwfxJrSm&SdwJhtwdkif; trSwfw& *k%fjyKa&;zGJ@vdkufygw,f?u|efrwdk@ygwDeJ@awmfvSefa&;xJrSmacgif;aqmifawG

&JabmfawGusqHk;oGm;=uwJhol&Jaumif;awGtrsm;}uD;yg? tm;vHk;u ygwDeJ@awmfvSefa&;twGif;rSm ol@tcef;u ol@wm0efeJ@ olvkyfaqmifoGm;=u

u|efrcify Ge f ;onf&J @b0wyk di f ;wp

& Jabm f (r )ci f

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

40/133

40


wmcsnf;yg? wcsdK@azmfjyEdkifovdkrazmfjyEdkifwJhol&Jaumif;awGvnf; renf;vSygbl;? wu,fxdawG@cHpm;csufawGudk yJajymjyvdk@&ygw,f? 'gh a=umifh

u|efrcifyGef;onfta=umif;udk b0Zmwfvrf;wcktaeeJ@ wifjya&;om;vdkuf&ygw,f?

u|efr[m tif;olav;wa,mufyg? ynma&;uawmh oli,fwef; atmif+yD;ausmif;qufrwufcJh&ygbl;? tif;oltif;om;wdk@&J@ b0qdkwm acwfqdk;pepfqdk;atmufrSm b,fvdkrS rvSyEdkifygbl;?

u|efreJ@olpawG@wm 1964- 65 avmufuvdk@xifygw,f? u|efrwdk@tdrfeD;csif;tpfrwa,muf(ygwDpnf;Hka&;tzGJ@0if) u ol@qDudkxrif;ydk@wJhtcgrSmtazmftjzpfvdkufoGm;&ygw,f? ygwDu&Jabmfvdk@ajymjyygw,f? emrnfvnf;rodygbl;? ol[m at;aq;wnf+idrfwnf=unfcHhnm;

wJhvlwa,mufvdk@ cHpm;rdygw,f? ol@tvkyftukdifvnf; rodygbl;? aemufol@ udku|efr rawG@&awmhygbl;?

vtenf;i,f=umawmhola&mufvmjyefygw,f? 'DwacgufawmhtdrfeD;csif;tpfru oleJ@rdwfqufay;ygw,f? ol[m aq;rSL;wa,mufjzpfa=umif;? q&mudkwifat;vdk@ ac:a=umif;? zsm;&ifem&ifol@udk ac:ygwJh? aemufydkif; u|efrwdk@a'orSm vlxkawG rrmrusef;jzpf&if wtdrf0ifwtdrfxGufaq;vdkufukoay;aewmudkr=umc% awG@& wwfygw,f?'DvdkeJ@ tif;av;a'orSm q&mudkwifat;[m aq;ukowm aumif;a=umif;/ pdwfoabmxm;jynfh0a=umif;/ wm0ef,lpdwf&Sda=umif; zsm;&if/

em&ifol@udkac:=uygvdk@ajymae=uygw,f? u|efrwdk@tif;oltif;om;awG[m q&morm;wa,muftaeeJ@ ol@udk cifrifav;pm;=uygw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

41/133

41

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fta=umif;wdkufqdkifw,fqdk&rvm;yJ? tarzsm;awmhq&m aq;

vmukoay;&ygw,f? t'DvdkeJ@ q&meJ@ u|efrwdk@rdom;pk cifrif&if;ESD;cJh&ygw,f? 1965 ckESpfaemufydkif; ygwDajratmufpnf;Hk;a&;tzGJ@awGtif;av;a'oudka&muf&Sdvmygw,f? u|efrwdk@ tdrfudkvnf; &JabmfawG0ifxGufoGm;vm=uygw,f? wcgwav tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfavh&Sdygw,f? u|efruq,fausmfouft&G,fom &Sdygao;w,f? bmrS em;rvnfao;ygbl;?pdwfr0ifpm;ao;ygbl;? taru usyef;tvkyfor wa,mufyg? u|efrutoufi,f&G,fao;ayr,fhaq;vdyforvkyf+yD; udk,fh0rf;pmtwGufvHk;yef;ae&vdk@ EdkifiHa&;qdkwm bmr#em;rvnfao;yg? eHeufrsufESmopf+yD;wmeJ@aq;vdyfckHoGm;&ygw,f? xrif;xkyfudktaruvdkufydk@ay;+yD; taruvnf;ae0ifrdk;csKyfwJ@txd tvkyfvkyf&ygw,f? wae@ tarxyfzsm;awm@olaq;ukay;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrwdk@rdom;pkawGuol@udk ydkrdkcifrifav;pm;=uygw,f? u|efruol@udkOD;av; q&m udkwifat;vdk@ac:ygw,f?

wae@rSm u|efrudkpnf;&Hk;a&;pygawm@w,f? EdkifiHa&;udkvltrsm;em;vnfEdkifwJhpum;eJ@ajymygw,f? tvkyfawGyifyef;}uD;pGmeJ@ rdk;csKyfae0ifvkyf&vnf;b0uracsmifvnfEdkifbl;? qif;&J+rJqif;&Jaewm/ rif;qdk;rif;npfa=umifhjzpfw,f? v,form;awGpyg;pdkuf+yD; xrif;0atmifrpm;&wmvnf; 'Drif;qdk;rif;npfa=umifhjzpfw,f? txl;ojzifh trsdK;orD;awG&J@ b0[m ydkrdkcsKyfcs,fcHae&w,f? trsdK;om;rsm;[mvnf; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_udkcHae=u&w,f? trsdK;orD;rsm;&J@ b0[maiG0,fu|efawGvdkjzpfaew,f?tJ'Db0u vGwfajrmufatmif&kef;xGufEdkifzdk@ ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;xJudk,fwdkifyg0if&r,f? ygwD[m qif;&Jom;jynfolvlxkawGudk vGwfajrmufatmiftusdK;jyKwJ@tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfw,fvdk@ajymjyygw,f?

olu'Dvdkajymjyawmh udk,fh&yf&GmxJrSm tdrfaxmifonf trsdK;orD;rsm;&J@b0[m cifyGef;onf&J@ qJqdk&dkufESufr_udkcH&wmawGjrifawG@vmygw,f? u|efrtaz&SdwHk;uqdk&iftarhudkr=umc%&dkufESufwwfygw,f?EdkifiHa&;oabmw&m;awGudkem;rvnfcJhawmhb0tusdK;ay;raumif;vdk@/

rdef;rjzpfvdk@-vkd@ ,lqcJ@ygw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

42/133

42

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi f&JabmfawGu aqG;aEG;wmawGrsm;vmawmh EdkifiHa&;udkwjznf;

jznf; pdwf0ifpm;vmygw,f? u|efrwdk@tdrfem;utrsdK;orD;wcdsK@ ygwDxJ0ifoGm;=u+yD; ab;vG,ftdwfawGvG,fum w&Gm0ifw&GmxGuf aq;uko&if; trsdK;orD;b0vGwfajrmufa&;w&m; a[m=uygw,f? u|efrvnf;olwdk@eJ@xdawG@wmrsm;awmh pdwftm;wufuvmygw,f? aq;vdyf twlvdyfwJholi,fcsif;awGudktrsdK;orD;awG&J@b0 zdEdSyfcH&ykHukdwqifhjyefajymjyygw,f? tJ'Dawmholwdk@wawGvnf; pdwf0ifpm;vm=uygw,f? ygwDpnf;Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifawGeJ@ olwdk@wawGcifrifvmygw,f? u|efrwdk@[m ygwDrSvdktyfwmawGudk 0dkif;0ef;ulnDay;&ygw,f? xrif;xkyf/ aq;vdyfpojzifh vdktyfovdk ydk@ay;&ygw,f? tJ'Dvdk ygwDvkyfief;rsm;rSm yg0ifaqmif&Guf&wJhtwGuf ydkrdkpdwfyg0ifpm;vmygw,f?

OD;av;q&mudkwifat;vnf; tif;av;a'orSm tif;oltif;om;rsm;aexdkifovdk wom;wnf;jzpfatmif aexdkifygw,f? ol@udktif;om;wa,mufvdk0wfpm;xm;wm r=umc%awG@&wwfygw,f? vlxkudkvnf;oabmxm;jynfh0pGmeJ@ aq;ukoay;wwfygw,f? 'ga=umifhtif;oltif;om;rsm;&J@ av;pm;cspfcifr_udk cH,l&ygw,f? pm;p&m&Sd&ifvnf; rarh=uygbl;? aexdkifraumif;&ifvnf; q&mudkwifat;udkac:ay;ygvdk@ wzGzGajym+yD; wrf;wwwf=uygw,f?

wcgu tjzpftysufwck,ae@txdu|efrem;xJrSm =um;a,mifaeygao;w,f? tzGm;}uD;wa,mufu ol@udkawG@awmh q&mwifat;&,f eifb,foGm;aewmvJ/ eifapmapmvm&if igha,mufsm;aorSmr[kwfbl;vdk@ajym+yD; tm;&yg;& idk&Smw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; ol@udkkdaoav;pm;cJhygw,f? ol[m b,fvdktcuftcJyJ&Sd&SdvlxkeJ@xm0& wom;wnf;usatmif aexdkifusifh}uHvkyfaqmifcJhwmawG arhr&Edkifygbl;?

u|efrwyfxJ0if&wJh&nf&G,fcsufuawmhtrsdK;orD;rsm;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;&zdk@ udk,fwdkifyg0ifr,fqdkwJh pdwf"mwf&,f/ ol@udk oHa,mZOfwG,fwmr_&,fa=umifhjzpfygw,f? u|efr[m 196& -ck ZGefvydkif; rSmawmf

vSefa&;xJ0ifa&mufcJhygw,f? u|efrudkolu aq;wyfzGJ@rStrsdK;orD;rsm;eJ@wGJay;+yD; aq;xdk;/ tylwdkif;/ aoG;csdefpwJh aq;ynm&yfrsm;udk oif,lap

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

43/133

43

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fygw,f? wcgw&Holudk,fwdkifoif=um;ay;ygw,f? aoewfwyfjzKwfpwJhvkyfief;rsm;udkudk,fwdkifpdwf&SnfpGm oifay;ygw,f? u|efr awmfvSefa&;xJa&muf+yD; r=umcif(196& -=o*kwfvydkif;)tif;av;a'oudk&efolu xdk;ppfqifvmygw,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrwdk@wzGJ@vHk; tif;av;rSmraeEdkifawmhbJawmifay:a'oudk ajymif;a&$@cJh&ygw,f?

u|efrtaeeJ@ awmfvSefa&;xJa&mufcgpvnf;jzpf EdkifiHa&; &ifhusufr_vnf; r&Sdao;awmhtcuftcJawGeJ@}uHKawG@&ygw,f? 'DvdktcuftcJawGawG@wdkif; rsuf&nfus+yD;tdrfjyefcsif pdwfay:cJhygw,f? olu az;rac:aqmifcJhygw,f? ulnDtm;ay;ygw,f? &efol@xdk;ppfjyif;xefr_a=umifhyifyef;qif;&Jr_rsm;awG@}uHK&ygw,f? r&ifhusufao;wJhu|efr[m 'DtcuftcJrsm;udkol&J@ tm;ay;r_a=umifhausmfv$m;EdkifcJhygw,f? ol[mpdwf&Snf+yD;pnf;Hk;a&;aumif;wJhygwDacgif;aqmifaumif;wa,mufjzpfygw,f? u|efr&J@b0udk vrf;rSefa&mufatmif ydk@aqmifay;wJh acgif;aqmifjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifhu|efrtaeeJ@cifyGef;onfqdkwmxuf oHa,mZOf}uD;rm;wJh acgif;aqmifjzpfvdk@ kdaoav;pm;jrwfEdk;r_u ydk+yD;tav;uJygw,f?

wyfxJa&muf+yD;wJhaemuf tcsdeftenf;i,f=umvmwJhtcgpcef;wGif; EdkifiHa&; aqG;aEG;yGJawGrSm yg0ifcJh&ygw,f? u|efr rSwfrdwmuoludk,fwdkifbmomjyefxm;wJhjynfolukdtvkyftau|;jyKqkdwJhaqmif;yg;udka&S;OD;pGm avhvm&ygw,f? jynfoludk tvkyftau|;jyKw,fqdkwmtpp t&m&m pGef@v$wf tepfemcH&r,f? jynfolawG vGwfajrmufa&;twGuftoufay;vSL&r,f? pcef;wGif;rSm EdkifiHa&;ynmay;r_rsm; r=umc%jyKvkyfygw,f? au'gacgif;aqmifrsm; ygwD0ifrsm;u u|efrudkynmay;/ulnDaz;r=uygw,f? oabmw&m;eJ@vufawG@ aygif;pyf+yD; vufawG@ b0rSm vkyfaqmifcdkif;ygw,f? ygwD&J@ynmay;r_eJ@ vufawG@b0cHpm;&wJhb0awGaygif;pyf+yD; EdkifiHa&; todw&m;&ifhusufvmygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD;tcuftcJrsm;awG@wdkif;pdwf"mwfrusawmhygbl;? tdrfudkvnf; rjyefcsifawmhyg? awmfvSefa&;ajymufusm;e,fajrawGrSm trsdK;orD; acgif;

aqmifrsm;eJ@wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhygw,f? jyif;xefcufcJvSaom &efol@xdk;ppfrsm; =um;rSmvnf; oleJ@twl ausmfjzwfv_yf&Sm;cJh&ygw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

44/133

44

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fu|efrcifyGef;onf[m u|efrtay: awmif;qdkcsufrsm; tvGefjrifh

rm; ygw,f? wcsdK@udpPrsm;rSm u|efroabmraygufayr,fh}udK;pm; vdkufemaqmif&GufcJhygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefumv tawmtwGif;rSm cifyGef;onf[mta&;}uD;aomvkyfief;wm0ef rsm;tjyif pcef;wGif; taxGaxGudpPrsm;udkwm0ef,lxm;&ygw,f?

cifyGef;onfu u|efrudk t+rJajymavh&SdwJhpum;wcGef;uawmhuGefjrLepfygwD0ifawG[m tepfemcHp&m&Sd&if a&S@qHk;u tepfemcH&r,f?tao;tr$m;up+yD; }uD;rm;wJht&mawGtxdtepfemcHEdkifatmif}udK; pm;&r,f? pdwfxm;ESdrfhcs&r,f wJh?

rsm;jym;vSwJh ta=umif;t&mrsm;rS om"u 2ck ajymjyygr,f?pcef;wGif;rStrsdK;orD;rsm;udkt0wftpm;rsm;cGJa0ay;r_wm0efaqmif&Guf&ygw,f? pcef;wGif;rStrsdK;orD;tm;vHk;udkOD;pGmac:+yD; ESpfouf&m ,lckdif;ygw,f? aemufqHk;rSu|efrudkac:+yD;usefwm,lcdkif;ygw,f? u|efr pdwfxJrSmtrSwfrxm;ygbl;? oloifay;xm;wJhtawG;tac:awGtwdkif; usifhoHk;wmwJh?

aemufwcgu u|efrzsm;ygw,f? olaq;xdk;ay;ygw,f? tjcm;&Jabmfrwa,mufuvnf; zsm;ygw,f? aq;uenf;aeawmhu|efrudkaq;xdk; ray;awmhbJtjcm;&Jabmfrudkom aq;qufxdk;ay;ygw,f? 'gawG[mtao;tr$m;qdkayr,fh u|efrudkjri fhjrifhrm;rm; awmif;qdk+yD; cHEdkif&nf&SdatmifavhusifharG;jrLay;ygw,f? u|efrcifyGef;onf[m u|efrudkrcspfvdk@r[kwfa=umif;oabmaygufygw,f? u|efrtwGufeJ@awmh cifyGef;onf&J@vkyfief;rsm;udkb,fawmhrS rxdcdkufapcJhygbl;?

}uD;rm;wJhxdk;ppfumvtwGif; u|efreJ@twl ausmfjzwfcJhpOfucifyGef;onf[m ygwDrSay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;udk at;aq;wnfjidrfpGmaqmif&GufcJhygw,f? 1970 cku A[dkXmecGJudkwdkufcdkufwJh&efolxkdd;ppf[mtvGefjyif;xefygw,f? tJ'Dxdk;ppfumvtwGif; cifyGef;onfwm0eft&c&D;xGufcgeD; pum;wcGef;rSm=um;cJhwmutajctae[m 'Dxuf ydkqdk;

vmEdkifw,f? b,fvdktajctaerSmyJjzpfjzpf/ pdwf"mwf}uHhcdkifpGmeJ@ &yfwnfoGm;yg? wu,fvdk@ igwdk@ wa,mufa,muf usqHk;oGm;cJhaomf rGefjrwf

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

45/133

45

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fw,fvdk@ oabmxm;+yD; *k%f,lygvdk@ rSm=um;cJhw,f? tJ'Dvdkolc&D; xGufoGm;+yD; tquftoG,f r&awmhygbl;? u|efr[m jyif;xefvSwJh xdk;ppftwGif;rSm qif;&J'kuQtrsdK;rsdK;udk &ifqdkifjzwfausmfcJh&ygw,f?

aouHra&muf oufraysmufqdkwJhpum;vdkygyJ &efol@xdk;ppfrSvGwfajrmufcJhygw,f? wjcm;rSm&SdwJh acgif;aqmiftzGJ@eJ@ yl;aygif;+yD; ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o vGwfajrmufwJha'oudk ajymif;a&$@vm=uygw,f? u|efrEdkifiHa&; oifwef;qif;cgeD;rSm ol[m rarsSmfvifhyJwm0efeJhjyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm ygw,f? u|efrwdk@[m wESpfausmfcGJcGmvdk@ jyefvnfqHkqnf;wJhtcgrSmacgif;aqmifrsm;&J@a&S@wGif ESpfOD;oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uygw,f?1972 ckEkd0ifbmvydkif; rSmjzpfygw,f? vufxyf+yD;awmhvnf; twlaexdkif&wm enf;ygw,f? ol[m r=umc% c&D;xGufae&ygw,f? ol@&J@ vkyfief;wm0efawG[m tifrwefta&;}uD;ygw,f? vufxyf+yD;vtenf;i,f=umawmhol@Xmeudkajymif;oGm;&ygw,f? u|efruawmhA[dkqufoG,fa&;rSmtvkyfvkyf&ygw,f? u|efrwdk@rSm wm0efudk,fpDxrf;aqmifae=u&ygw,f?wa,mufvkyfief;udk wa,mufu pyfpkavhr&SdcJhygbl;? ygwD&J@ vSsdK@0SufudpPawGudk udk,fydkiftodeJ@ vdkufemapmifhxdef;&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh ol@&@Jta&;}uD;wm0efrsm;udk u|efr bmrSsrodcJhyg? u|efr&J@ ESvHk;om;xJuarhr&wJhta=umif;awGom a&;om;&ygw,f?

u|efrwdk@ vufxyf+yD;wJhaemuf ol[m u|efrudk awmif;qdkr_eJ@ynmay;r_pHcsdef usqif;roGm;ygbl;? udk,fusdK;pGefh tepfemcHa&;ygyJ?u|efreJhol[m touft&G,fuGmjcm;+yD; ol@ZeD;rjzpfcifuyiftvdkvdkufr_rcHcJh&ygbl;? ol[m rleJ@qdkifwJhudpPawGrSm tavsSmhray;wwfwm u|efroabmayguf vufcHygw,f? wcsdK@tao;tr$m;udpPawGrSm rvdkufavsmawmhu|efruol@udkoabmraygufbJ pdwfqdk;rdwmawGvnf; &Sdygw,f?ta=umif;t&muav;2ck udkajymjyygOD;r,f?

ta&S@ajrmuf awmfvSefa&;ae@ txdrf;trSwftaeeJh tpfr(&JabmfaiG)wdk@ OD;aqmifwJh ESvHk;om;rD;tdrfjyZmwf ujyygw,f? rdrd

wdk@Xmeqdkif&mtvSnf@ =unf@cGifh&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dae@nu u|efrwdk@Xme tvSnfhr[kwfao;ygbl;? u|efrcifyGef;onfuawmhwm0eft& wyfaygif;pk

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

46/133

46

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi ftzGJ @awG&Sdaevdk@ nwdkif;oGm;&ygw,f? u|efru tpfrudkvm=unf@r,fvdk@ajymxm;awmh &ygw,f? ZmwfckHaemufrSm ol@udk&Smygvdk@ajymygw,f?u|efrvnf; cifyGef;onfxGufoGm;awmhuav; 2 a,mufac:+yD;ol@aemufuvdkufygw,f? oluu|efrudkbmajymvJqdkawmh'Dnrif;wdk@Xme tvSnfhr [kwfao;bl;wJh? roGm;eJ@ vdk@ajymygw,f? tJ'DwcgyJ ol@pum;udku|efrem;raxmifwmyg? tpfreJ@vnf; ajymxm;w,f? uav;awGuvnf; =unfhcsifaeawmh oGm;=unfhvdkufygw,f? tdrfjyefa&mufawmha0zefcH&ygw,f aemufudk'grsdK;rvkyfygeJ@? eif'Dvdkvkyf&if iguolrsm;udkb,fvdkynmay;rvJvdk@ ajymygw,f? u|efrvnf; olajymwm rSefaewmeJ@u|efrrSm;ygw,fvdk@0efcHvdkufygw,f?

aemufwckuawmh a&S@wef;xGufwJhacgif;aqmifawGudk apmifwxnfpDay;ygw,f? wjcm;tdrfaxmifonf&Jabmfru ajymjyrSod&ygw,f?u|efrwdk@uav;awGrSmvnf; apmifxlxlr&Sdygbl;? tJ'DapmifudpPar;awmhol@&J@ udk,f&H&Jabmfav;awGudkw0ufpDqkwf+zJay;vdkufygowJh? u|efrcifyGef;onf&J@ oabmxm;eJh tawG;tac:awG[m rdrd rdom;pkxufatmufajc&JabmfawGudkydkrdkaEG;axG;r_ay;cJhwmyg? 'ga=umifhu|efr cifyGef;onfudk udk,f&H&Jabmfav;awGrSp+yD; vkyfazmfudkifzuf &JabmfawGxdcifrifav;pm;=uygw,f? cifyGef;onf&J@udk,f&H&JabmfawG[mvlrsdK;pkawGrsm;ygw,f? yGifhvif;kd;om;=uygw,f? u|efreJ@pum;pyfrdwdkif; cifyGef;onfeJ@a&S@wef;udkoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;cJhpOfu b,fvdk*kpdkufyHk/ b,fae&ma&mufa&muf/ a&mufwJhae&mrSm qif;&Jyifyef;cH+yD; vlxkeJ@ wom;wnf;usatmifaexdkifusifh}uHa=umif;pwmawG ajymjy=uygw,f? 'Dvdk &JabmfawGqDuol@&J@aumif;owif;awG =um;&jyefawmh ol@ta=umif;udk em;vnf&cufcJhwmawG[m cifyGef;onftwGuf 0rf;om=unfEl;r_eJ@*k%f,lrdygw,f?

aemufwckuawmhorD;av; 4 ESpft&G,fwkef;u em;jynfwnfvdk@ r=umc% cGJ&ygw,f? 'Dawmh u|efruol@udk orD;udkaq;uko&efwifjycdkif;ygw,f? olu bmrSrajymawmh/ orD;av;udkrcspfbl;vm;qdkawmh

b,fvdkajymvdkufwmvJ/ igh &ifudkcGJjyvdkufcsifygw,fwJh? u|efr ol@udkoabmaygufyg+yD?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

47/133

47

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fom;eJ@ orD;udkodwwfwJht&G,fup+yD; jrifhrm;wJhawmif;qdkr_awGeJ@

avhusifhoif=um;ay;cJhygw,f? om;orD;rsm;eJ@ywfoufwJhta=umif;t&mrsm;udk ajymjyygOD;r,f? u|efrwdk@A[dk&kH;rSm udk,f'l;udk,fc|ef+cdK;+cHac|wmwJhtaeeJ@ ajymif;zl;eJ@qef/ uZGef;OeJ@qefa&mpm;=u&ygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;uorD;av;u 5 ESpforD;yJ&Sdygao;w,f? orD;av;u ajymif;zl;pm;&wmrsm;awmhajymif;zl;aphawGudka&G;xkwfvdkufawmhxrif;enf;enf;yJusefygawmhw,f? uav;u r0awmhbl;aygh? tJ'ga=umifhorD;u tazudkar;ygw,f? azaz&J@xrif;yHkpHudk azaztjyifxGufvdk@rpm;jzpfwJhtcg orD;wdk@oGm;,lvdk@ &rvm;wJh? tJ'Dvdkvkyfvdk@ r&bl;/ usefwJh&JabmfawG pm;ygapwJh? wu,fvnf; trSefygyJ? olrpm;jzpf&ifoGm;r,l&bl;vdk@ rSmcJhygw,f?

r*FvmaqmifawGoGm;&ifom;eJ@orD;udk o=um;vHk;awG trsm;}uD; r,lcJheJ@? wa,mufudk2 vHk;xufydkr,lcJheJ@? azazppfaq;rSmaemfvdk@rSmvdkufygw,f? om;eJ@orD;vnf; tazhpum;em;axmifygw,f? wu,f,lrvm&Jygbl;?

u|efrwdk@tcef;ab;u &duQmrSL;&Jabmfu orD;udkuGmaphwxkyfay;ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh orD;u OD;OD;-'DuGmaphuOD;OD;[mvm;/ trsm;[mvm;vdk@ar;ygw,f? trsm;[mqdk&ifr,l&Jbl;? azazuajymxm;w,f?trsm;[mqdk&if r,l&bl;wJh?

u|efrcifyGef;onf[m ta&S@ajrmufppfa'orSm 'kwyfrSL;taeeJ@wm0efxrf;aqmifaewJhtcsdefrSm um;eJ@oGm;wmtifrwefrS enf;yg; ygw,f? A[dkHk;eJ@au'gausmif;/ A[dkHk;eJ@ em;avmhajcusifoGm;ygw,f? wcgu orD;av;u azazeJ@vdkufcsifw,fqdk+yD;em;avhudk vdkufoGm;ygw,f?tdrfjyefa&mufawmhaemufazazeJ@ rvdkufawmhbl;wJh? bmjzpfvdk@ rvdkufawmhwmvJvdk@ orD;udkar;awmhorD;uAdkufqmw,f? azazu [dkrSm0ifaqG;aEG; 'DrSm0ifaqG;aEG; Xmeuxrif;pm;ac:vnf; rpm;bl;ajymw,f?orD;u azazudkar;w,f? bmjzpfvdk@rpm;wmvJ? orD;Adkufqmw,fqdk

awmh? tdrfa&mufrSpm;? orD;uvdrRmygw,f? azazwdk@0ifpm;vdkuf&if&JabmfawG xrif;r0bJ aerSmayghwJh? tjyefrSmorD;u Adkufqmw,fajym

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

48/133

48

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fawmhorD;udkol@yckH;ay: xrf;jyefvmowJh?

aemufwckorD;ajymjywmu olrarhEdkifqHk;uawmh eHeufapmapmazazc&D;xGufzdk@ jyifqifaewkef;rSm orD;u azazhvnfyif;zuf+yD; azazroGm;ygeJ@vdk@ idk+yD;ajymygw,f? orD;av; tJ'Dvdkrvkyf&bl;? &JabmfawGazazudkapmifhae=u+yD? orD; pm}udK;pm;? ararhudkulnD&r,fvdk@ rSmcJhw,f?tJ'Dwcg[m aemufqHk;ajymjcif;jzpfw,f? azazjyefvmawmhpum;rajymEdkifawmhbl;vdk@ orD;uajymygw,f?

1982 aemufydkif; ol&J@ usef;rma&;[m odyfraumif;awmhygbl;?tJ'Dumv[m ygwD&J@ta&;}uD;umv jzpfygw,f? ol@wm0efuvnf; tifrwef}uD;av;ygw,f? c&D;xGufzdk@ae&mwae&mrSmjyifqifaeygw,f?tJ'Dvdkjyifqifaewkef; ol[m2 cgavmufrl;vJw,fvdk@ &JabmfawGajymjyvdk@ od&ygw,f? ol[mc&D;rxGufjzpfao;wmeJ@ tdrfjyefvmawmh u|efra&S@rSmyJrl;vJoGm;ygw,f? u|efruq&m0efajy;ac:awmhOuU q&m0ef=unfhay;ygw,f? a':_,Ofvnf; ygw,f? q&m0efu aq;oGm;ppfzdk@ t}uHay;ygw,f? olu udpPr&Sdygbl;? 'DvdkygyJ? c%c%jzpfygw,f? aemufjyefaumif;wmygyJ? ta&;r}uD;ygbl;vdk@ajymygw,f? tckvdkta&;}uD;umvrSm ay;xm;wJhwm0ef[mt"dujzpfw,f? jyefvmrSyJ aq;ppfygr,fvdk@ajym+yD; c&D;xGufoGm;ygw,f? ol[mtajccHusef;rma&; aumif;w,fqdk+yD;wcgrS aq;rppfbl;yg? aq;&kHrwufzl;yg?

u|efrcifyGef;onf[mwm0efeJ@ qif;oGm;+yD; a&m*gjzpfwJhowif;tajctaeudku|efruyJa=u;eef;azmf&wJhtcsdefrSm u|efr[m tkyf }udK;jywfovdkjzpfoGm;+yD; a=u;eef;udk qufrazmfEdkifawmhygbl;? u|efrcifyGef;onfu|efracgif;aqmif[m pum;rajymEdkifawmhbJ'kuQdw}uD; jzpfoGm;+yDqdkawmhtdrfjyefajy;+yD; tm;&yg;&idkygawmhw,f? om;orD;awGudkvnf;rajymEdkifawmhygbl;? OuUvnf; u|efrodoGm;+yDqdkawmh u|efrudk csufcsif;ac: aqG;aEG;ygw,f? jyefaumif;vmyg+yD? 'Davmuftajctae rqdk;ygbl;? r=umcifjyefvmawmhrSmyg? vrf;c&D;vkH+cHKa&;twGuf 'DudpPudk

b,fol@rS rajym&bl;? olrsm;awGodatmifridkeJ@? ygwD&J@awmif;qd kcsuftwdkif; u|efrvdkufem+yD; }udwfrSdwfum ntcsdefrSyJcdk;+yD;idk&ygw,f? u|efr

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

49/133

49

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fvnf; ol'DvdkjzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f rxifcJhygbl;?

a&S@wef;rSm tzufzufu yifyef;qif;&JwJhtjyifol@wm0efuvnf;}uD;av;ygw,f? cifyGef;onf[m jyefvm+yD; aq;ppfzdk@ usef;rma&;u tcGifhta&;ray;awmhygbl;? 1983ck=o*kwfv 15 &ufnrSm a&'D,dkowif;em;axmif&if;eJ@ rl;vJoGm;w,fvdk@ &JabmfawGajymjyvdk@od&ygw,f? 'Dwcgrl;vJ+yD;olajymovdk jyefraumif;vmawmhbJ udk,fwjcrf;ao+yD; pum;rajymEdkifawmhygbl;? vdkufygoGm;wJh q&m0efrsm;eJ@ol[m wjcm;pDjzpfaeawmhtcsdefrDaq;0g;rukoEdkifwmuwa=umif;/ vrf;c&D;rSm &efol&J@ wm;qD; aESmifh,Sufr_awGa=umifhwdkufyGJjzpfaewmuwa=umif; ponfwdk@a=umifhvdk&modk@ tcsdefrD ra&mufEdkifcJhygbl;? &JabmfawGuawmh tcuftcJrsm;=um;rS vdk&mc&D;udk ab;&efuif;atmif ydk@aqmifay;cJh=uygw,f?

u|efrcifyGef;onfa&muf&Sdvmygu }udKqdk&r,fqdkwmeJ@ nuwnf;ujyifqif=u&ygw,f? u|efr[m acgif;aqmif&Jabmfrsm;eJ@twljrpfurf;ab;rSm oGm;}udK&ygw,f? oluacgif;aqmif &JabmfawGudkt+yHK;av;eJ@}udKw,fqdkawmhu|efrpdwfxJrSmaysmfoGm;ygw,f? 'gayrJh u|efrol@tem;a&mufwJhtcg u|efrcifyGef;onf&J@ pum;rajymEdkifwJh tjzpfudkjrifawG@&awmhu|efrpdwfawGb,fvdkjzpfoGm;rSef; rodawmhygbl;? jrpfurf;yg;ay:ajy;wuf+yD; csHK;yGJcsidkrdygawmhw,f? u|efrcifyGef;onf[m pdwf"mwf}uHh cdkifoljzpfwJhtwGuf acgif;aqmif&Jabmfrsm;udk+yHK; +yD;E_wfqufaewJhyHkudku|efrrsufpdxJrSm ,ae@xdjrifa,mifaeygw,f?

u|efrcifyGef;onf[m rusef;rrm'kuQdwb0 a&mufoGm;awmhygwDtwGuf qHk;_H;r_}uD;w&yfjzpfovdku|efrwdk@rdom;pktaeeJ@vnf; 0rf;enf;rqHk;jzpf&ygw,f? tcsdefrD aq;ppfaq;ukor_ cH,l&&if 'DvdkjzpfrSmr[kwfzl;vdk@ u|efrawG;rdygw,f?

ol c&D;rxGufcifuwnf;u a&m*gvuQ%mjyaeyg+yD? 'gayrJhu|efrcifyGef;onf[m usef;rma&;xuf wm0efudk ydkrdktav;xm;wwfoljzpfygw,f? ol[m udk,fusdK;rzufbJwm0efudkwdwdusus aqmif&GufwJh

pdwf"mwf&Sdoljzpfjcif;a=umifh *k%f,lav;pm;rdygw,f?u|efrcifyGef;onf a&S@wef;ujyefvm+yD; ygwDu aq;ukoay;&ef

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

50/133

50

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fcsufcsif; pDpOfaqmif&Gufygw,f? ygwDrSacgif;aqmifrsm;/ &Jabmfrsm; tm;vHk;[m cifyGef;onfjyefvnfaumif;vmr,fvdk@ arSsmfvifh=uygw,f? u|efrwdk@rdom;pkuvnf; aumif;vmr,fvdk@ ,Hk=unfar#mfvifhygw,f?

1984 ckazazmf0g&Dvydkif;rSm olaq;HkpwifwufcJhygw,f? tzufzufrSppfaq;r_awGjyKvkyfygw,f? 1984 rS1986 avmufxdaq;Hkay:rSmaq;ukor_cH,lygw,f? aemufqHk; q&m0ef&J@ aq;ppfcsufrSwfwrf;uawmhtcsdefaemufusoGm;+yD OD;aESmufxJu aoG;a=um[m aygufxGufoGm;+yD;tJ'DaoG;a=um[m ajcmufcrf;ukefum tmkHa=umawGudk zdxm;vdk@jyef raumif;Edkifygbl;wJh? q&m0ef&J@pum;=um;&awmh u|efrar#mfvifhcsufawGbmrSjzpfrvmawmhygbl;?

u|efr[mcifyGef;onfusef;rma&;/ om;orD;awGta&;awGwm0ef}uD;av;vm+yDvdk@ awG;rd+yD; pdwfxdcdkuf&ygw,f? ol@tajctae[mwdk;wufrvmojzifhaq;&HkrSmqufvufraevdkawmhyg? 'ga=umifhaq;Hkuqif;zdk@ jyifqifygawmhw,f? aq;HkrSqif;zdk@ jyifqifaewJhtcsdefrSmqdkif&macgif;aqmifu u|efrudkvma&mufaqG;aEG;ygw,f? zsm;em &Jabmfrsm; touf}uD;&Jabmfrsm; tem;,lEdkifwJh ESpfzufay:vpD owfrSwfcsuf&Sda=umif;/ u|efrcifyGef;onf usef;rma&;tajctaeeJ@/ vufawG@tajctae xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;zdk@aqG;aEG;ygw,f? tJ'DudpPeJ@ywfoufvdk@ u|efrrSmacgif;udkufp&mjzpfvm+yD; cifyGef;onf&J@ oabmxm;ar;vdk@vnf; r&yg?orD;av;eJ@wdkifyif&atmifuvnf; orD;av;u i,fao;w,f? u|efrrSmrtdyfEdkif rpm;EdkifwJh&ufawG/ nawGrsm;vmygw,f? u|efrcifyGef;onfupum;rajymEdkifawmh ydk+yD;pdwfqif;&J&ygw,f?

aemufawmh u|efrpOf;pm;rdygw,f? cifyGef;onftajctaeuvlrv_yf&Sm;Edkifayr,fhpum;ajymEdkifao;&ifygwDtwGuftvkyfvkyfEdkifygao;w,f? tckawmh cifyGef;onfusef;rma&;tajctaeu ygwDtwGufvHk;0 tvkyfrvkyfEdkifawmhygbl;? owfrSwfxm;wJhay:vpDt& oltem;,lvdkuf&if ygwDtwGufwm0efr}uD;av;awmhygbl;? tJ'Dvdk pOf;pm;+yD;

pdwfraumif;jcif;rsm;pGmeJ@trdygwD&ifcGifrS cGJcGmcJh&ygw,f?1986 ck=o*kwfvydkif;rSm ay:vpDowfrSwfcsuftwdkif; u|efr cif

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

51/133

51

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fyGef;onf usef;rma&;tajctaet& tem;,lzdk@ qHk;jzwfvdkuf&ygw,f?wavsSmufvHk; ygwD&J@ &ifcGifatmufrSm tyltyifr&SdbJay;tyfwJhwm0efudk}udK;pm;aqmif&GufcJhwJJhu|efr[m jAKef;pm;}uD; ygwDacgif;aqmifr_eJh &Jabmfrsm;udkcGJcGmcJh&ygw,f? 0rf;enf;pdwfxdcdkufvdk@rqHk;awmhygbl;?

tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD;u|efr[m wm0ef}uD;av; vmygawmhw,f? yJhudkifrygwJhavSuav;wpif;vdkyJcifyGef;onfjyKpk&wJhwm0ef/ om;orD;awGjyKpkysdK;axmif&r,fhwm0efawGeJ@ tawmfkef;uef&r,fvdk@ awG;aerdygw,f?&&SdwJhaxmufyHhaiGuav;eJ@ rdom;pk pm;0wfaea&;/ cifyGef;onfusef;rma&;p&dwf/ uav;awGynmoifp&dwfpwJhtoHk;p&dwfawGudkpDrHcef@cGJ&wmtawmfpdwfqif;&J'kuQa&mufygw,f? u|efrcifyGef;onf[m pum;rajymEdkifwJhtwGuf oGefoifqHk;rjcif;rjyKEdkifawmhyg? wdkifyifp&muvnf; r&Sd?pum; uvnf;rayguf? a0;vHvSwJhtwGif;ydkif;a'orSm oGm;a&muftem;,l&wmjzpfygw,f? rdrdrdom;pkudkwm0ef,lxm;wJhXmerSwyg; todrdwfaqGqdkwmr&Sdygbl;? u|efrrSma&mufcgpuae@wdkif;idkae&ygw,f? udk,fhae&ma[mif;udk jyefvmcsifwJhtxdygyJ?

tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdkif&macgif;aqmifrS pmwapmifay;ydk@vmygw,f?rdrda&muf&SdwJhae&mrSm cifyGef;onfwm0ef/ om;orD;wm0efudk ausyefatmif }udK;pm;vkyfudkifoGm;yg? tJ'g[m ygwDwm0efjzpfw,f/ bm tcuftcJyJawG@awG@/ }udK;pm;jzwfausmfoGm;ygvdk@tm;ay;nef=um;ygw,f?

[kwfygw,f? u|efrrSm ygwD&J@ ynmay;r_eJ@ cifyGef;onf&J@ oGefoifqHk;rr_awGtay: tajccH&Sd+yD;om;rdk@ }uKkHawG@vm&wJhtcuftcJrSeforSsudk}udK;pm;ausmfjzwfEdkifcJhygw,f?

u|efrwdk@ a&mufoGm;wJhae&m[m &moDOwktawmfqdk;&Gm;ygw,f? aqmif;&moDrSm tvGefat;ygw,f? aEG&moDrSm yljyif;+yD; avvnf; tvGefwdkufygw,f? u|efrcifyGef;onf[m yljyif;qdk;&Gm;vSwJh&moDOwk'%fudkrr_yJol@&J@udk,fwjcrf;aoaewJhudk,fcE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

52/133

52

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi ftjyiftjcm;&JabmfawGudkvuf[efajc[efeJ@ *kwpdkufar;jref;aeygao;w,f?

wu,fawmhol@a0'emcHpm;ae&wm[m roufomvSygbl;? ol@rsufpda&S@rSm ZeD;om;orD;awGudk jrifae& awG@ae&ayr,fh pum;ajym rxGufawmhb,favmufaevdk@cufrvJ? u|efr ol@udk=unfh+yD;oem;rdw,f?oluawmht+yHK;rsufESmeJ@ tm;ay;ae&Smw,f?

1993ckatmufwkdbmvydkif;rSm u|efrwdk@&J@ acgif;aqmifrdom;pkwcsdK@awG[m wkwfjynfulrif;rSmtem;,laexdkif=uzdk@ ajymif;a&$@vm=uygw,f? u|efrwkd@vnf; olwkd@eJ@ twlaexkdifzkd@ tJ'Dae&mukd a&$@ajymif;aexkdifcJh=uygw,f? ygwDacgif;aqmifrdom;pktcsdK@eJ@ twljyefvnfae xkdifcGifh&awmhhudk,fhrdcif&ifcGifxJjyefa&mufovdkcHpm;&ygw,f? cifyGef; onfvnf; aysmfaeygw,f? ol[mpum;rajymEdkifayr,fhvuf[efajc [efeJ@& JabmfawGta=umif;ud k ar;aewwfygw,f? ol& J @ p dwf"mwf}uHhcdkifr_[m ae&mwdkif;rSm azmfjyaeygw,f?

aemufydkif;usawmh cifyGef;onf&J@ a&m*gawGu wrsdK;+yD;wrsdK;qufwdkufjzpfvmygawmhw,f? r=umc% aq;Hkwufae&ygw,f? rsufpdcGJ&wmuwrsdK;/ tlydwfqdk@wmuwzkHjzpfaeygw,f? qD;tdrfrSm ausmufwnfvdk@cGJ&ygao;w,f? qD;roGm;Edkifawmh ydkuf}uD;xnfh+yD; qD;csLay;&wJhtcg u|efrrSm ol@udk r=unf@&ufEdkifatmif cHpm;cJh&ygw,f? ol@cE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

53/133

53

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fpGJuyfaevdk@ }uD;pGmaom qif;&Jr_rsm;ukdcHpm;ae&ygw,f? aq;ppf+yD; xGufvmwJhtajzuawmhtqkwfuifqmjzpfae+yD; cE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

54/133

54

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fyg+yD?

u|efrcifyGef;onf[m u|efreJ@ol@om;/orD;rsm;udk cGJcGmoGm;cJhwm10ESpfwif;wif;wdkifcJhyg+yD?

& Jabm f (r )ci f

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

55/133

55


& Jabm fwi fat; (A k dv fw k du fatmi f ) / q&m0e f A[k dXmec G J pce f ;r S L ;ol@ukd tJ'Dwkef;u &Jabmfwifat;vdk@ ac:=uw,f?ol[m yDuif;jyef &Jabmfwa,mufjzpfw,f? tom;ndKndK/ ar;kd;um;um;/ rsufvHk;rsufzefaumif;aumif;/ ESmwHay:ay:/ t&yfredrhfrjrifheJ@ }uHhckdifwJhukd,fae[efxm;

&SdwJh&Jabmfwa,mufjzpfw,f? kwfw&uf=unfhvkduf&ifukvm; &Jabmfwa,mufrsm;vm;vkd@awmifxif&w,f? 'gayrJhukvm; r[kwfygbl;? Armjynfatmufykdif; yJcl;bufuvkd@od&w,f? ol@Zmwdtwdtus ukdawmhowdrxm;vkdufrdygbl;?

ol[m ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDxJudk zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;umvu pwifyg0ifvmol&JabmfwOD;vnf; jzpfw,f? ygwDA[kdu wkwfjynfokd@ rmhufpfvDeif0g' avhvma&;twGufapv$wfjcif; cH&olrsm; teufwOD;jzpfygw,f? wkwfjynf rmhufpfvDeif0g' ausmif;qif; yDuif; jyefjzpfayr,hftvGefpdwfxm; ESdrfhcsoljzpfw,f? pum;enf;enf;om ajym+yD;

tvkyfrsm;rsm; vkyfwwfoljzpfw,f? t&m&m tepfemcHum ukd,fusdK;pGef@+yD; u|efrwkd@&Jabmftm;vHk;&J@ a&S@u pHjyvkyfjyoGm;olyg? ppfa&;/ EkdifiHa&;/

awm fv Se fa&;c& D ;twGi f ;r S& Jabmfwk du fatmi f& J @y H k& dy fr sm;

& Jabm frapm jr

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

56/133

56

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fpnf;Hk;a&;pwmawGtjyif &JabmfawG&J@ usef;rma&;utp tm;vHk;ukdolwm0ef,lcJhygw,f?

pn f; Hk; a& ;p G r f;tm ;au mi f ;o ltJ'DumvawGwkef;u tif;av;a'orSm tajcpkdufxm;wJh A[kd

XmecGJwm0efcH/ ygwDA[kdaumfrwD EkdifiHa&;OD;aqmiftzGJ@0if b}uD; (ocifwifxGef;)uvnf; pcef;rSL; &Jabmfwkdufatmifukd awmfawmf av;pm;ygw,f? cspfcifr_vnf; &Sdygw,f? ,Hk=unftm;ukd;r_vnf; &Sdygw,f? b}uD;[mukd,fhukd,fukd,f awmif;qkdr_ tvGefjrifhygw,f? ZeD;onf tay:vnf;awmif;qdkr_ jrifhrm;ol jzpfygw,f?

ZeD;onfa':wifrav;[m i,f&G,foljzpf+yD;/ ynmwwfkyf&nfacsmarmolwa,mufvnf; jzpfygw,f? ol@}uD;a':u om;orD; r&Sdvkd@ac:,larG;pm;xm;wJhwOD;wnf;aomorD;rdk@ ol[m wtdrfvHk;rSm Akdvfjzpfygw,f? tvGefvnf; acwfrDAkdvfqefvSoljzpfw,f? a&$ukdrpHkruf/ olaX;orD;qkdayr,fh vuf0wfvufpm;awG rpHkruf/ 0wfvnf;r0wfwwfyg?vufywfem&D aumif;aumif;avmufomywf/ vufpGyfavmufom 0wfwwfolyg? olrufarmwmu t0wfvSvS/ aumif;aumif; acwftqefqHk;'grsdK;ukdrS}udKufvnf; }udKufw,f/ 0wfvnf; 0wfw,f? tpm; taomufvnf; aumif;aumif;rS pm;wwfolyg? pcef;rSmaevkd@ ysif;&if oDcsif;qkdwmrsdK; r[kwfbJol}udKufwJhoDcsif;ukdavc|efaewwfygw,f? ygwDacgif;aqmifawG&J@ ZeD;awGxJrSm ol[m touf ti,fqHk;vnf; jzpfw,f?omreft&yfolwa,mufyg? *syefacwfrSm b}uD;eJ@awG@+yD; arwWmr#cJh&muaemufqHk;rSm cspfwmwckwnf;eJ@ awmckdvmum b}uD; &Sd&m ao#mifaemufqHxHk;yg armifac:&m vkdufvmol jzpfygw,f? ygvmwJh t0wftxnfav;awG tkd;cGufav;awG a&mif;pm;+yD; ol@uav;awGukd rke@fyJoa&pm0,fau|;w,f? [if;0,f csufpm;w,f? tJ'Dvkdvkyfwmukd b}uD;ocifwifxGef;u r}udKufygbl;? 'Dawmh r=umc% ynmay; aqG;aEG;ygw,f?

jy\emu *smat;ol@tarkduf jzpfaeyHk&ygw,f? 'gukd pcef;rSL;&Jabmfwifat;u ulnD+yD; aqG;aEG;ay;/ pnf;Hk;ay;eJ@ jy\emawG[m wjznf;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

57/133

57

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fjznf; tqifajypjyKvmygw,f?

aemufqHk;tajctaerSmawmh tvGefukd 0rf;omp&m aumif;ygw,f? r (a':wifrav;)[m awmfvSefa&;orm;aumif;wa,muf/ygwD0ifaumif;wa,mufjzpfvmygw,f?

'DvkdeJ@ 1970 ckESpfrSmawmh Akdvfae0if;ppftpkd;&&J@ rkd;vHk;[def;xkd;ppftwGif;rSm cspfcifyGef;onfeJ@twl xkd;ppfukdowWd&SdpGm &J0HhpGmckcH&if

qkdif&if; usqHk;oGm;cJh&Smygw,f? tmZmenf&Jabmfwa,muftjzpf'Drkdua&pDta&;awmfyHktwGif; *k%fa&mifajymifpGm urnf;xkd;oGm;cJhygw,f?

'g[m Akdvfwkdfufatmif&J@ olrwlatmif ynmay; pnf;Hk;EkdifwJhpGrf;&nf&J@ azmfjyr_w&yfqkd&if rrSm;ygbl;?

av hvma& ;tw Gu f w Ge f ;tm ;u|efrwkd@ tif;av;a'orSm v_yf&Sm;cJhpOfu vlxktwGif;rSm ygwD

u csrSwfxm;wJhtwkdif; wl4 wlt& usifhoHk;&ygw,f? vlxkeJ@ twlae/twlpm;/ twlavhvm/ twlvkyf&if; vlxk tcuftcJukd ulnDaqmif&Gufwzufuvnf; aq;0g;ukoay;cJhwm a=umifh tJ'Da'orSm&Jabmfwifat;(Akdvfwkdufatmif)[m vlxk&J@ toJpGJ&JabmfjzpfcJhygw,f?wu,fhtjzpftysufuav;wckukd azmfjyay;vkduf csifygw,f?

u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;[m xkd;ppfumvtwGif; vlxkpnf;Hk;a&;vnf;roGm;Ekdif/ wjcm;tvkyfawGtm;vHk;vnf; &yfqkdif;xm;&wmrdk@ avhvma&;ukd zd+yD; wOD;csif;a&m trsm;pkaygif;yg }udK;pm;vkyfaecsdefvnf; jzpfygw,f?

reufxrif;pm;+yD;&if tm;vHk;[m wdwfqdwf+idrfoufaewwfygw,f?

trsdK;orD;tzGJ@uawmhxrif;pm;+yD;&ifukd,fpDavhvma&;vkyf=uw,f? wcsdK@uawmhenf;enf;avmufavhvm+yD;&ifoef;&Sm=u/ t0wfpkwfxkwf+yD; csKyfaewwf=uw,f? tJ'DvkdtcsdefrSm pcef;rSL;vmawG@oGm;&if-

rkd;uawmh&GmaewmyJ? wcsdK@uawmh rkd;&Gmwkef;[Jhqkd+yD; &Sdor#tkd;cGufikwfqHkygrusefwHpuf+rdwfrSm a&cHxm;=uawmhwtdrfvHk;a&awG

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

58/133

58

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fjynfhaewmyJ? wcsdK@usawmhrkd;at;at; aq;vdyfuav;eJ@ rdSef;aevkduf&&ifaumif;rSmyJqkd+yD; a&cH&rSef;awmifrodawmhbma&rSr&vkdufvkd@ aomufp&m a&awmifr&Sdbl;avvdk@ [moaESmajyma&if;eJhavhvma&; vkyfzkd@aysmhaysmif;pGm ckvkd wkdufwGef;cJhzl;w,f?

wHpuf+rdwfu a&usvkd@ wpufcsif;cH&if;u tkd;cGufawGjynfhvmovkdavhvma&;[mvnf; tcGifhomwkef; wckcsif;avhvmrSrdrd&J@ oabmw&m;ukd jynfhatmifjznfhEkdifrSmav wJh? 'g tJ'Dumvu A[kdXmecGJpcef;rSL; &Jabmfwkdufatmif&J@pum;? u|efr ckxufxd &ifxJpGJaewm?avhvma&;vkyfzkd@ wkdufwGef;wJhpum;/ wGef;tm;wckrdk@ tcGifhomwkdif; tckcsdefxdu|efravhvma&;ukdtqufrjywfavhvmaewkef;yJ?

j yn fo lu k d tvky ftau| ; jy K =upcef;xJrSm &Sdor# tvkyftm;vHk;ukdolwa,mufwnf; oDcsif;w

at;at;eJ@ usHK;+yD;vkyfaewwfw,f? acgif;aqmifwa,muftaeeJ@ &Sdor#tvkyfawGukd olwa,mufwnf; ukef;kef;vkyfaeawmh tpyxrrSmol@pdwf"mwfukdu|efr odyfoabmraygufygbl;? tcsdef=umvmawmh ol@oabmxm;ukd od&Sdem;vnfvmygw,f?

ukd,fukd,fwkdifuvGJ&if usefvlawGtm;vHk;[m jynfolawGcsnf;ygyJ? 'Daqmifyk'fuawmhAkdvfwkdufatmif&J@ vufoHk;pum;yg? a=omf'ga=umifhol[m ae&mwkdif;rSm rem;rae vlrsdK;ra&G; bmomra&G;/ usm;rra&G; ulnDp&m&Sd&ifulnDoGm;wmygvm; vkd@ u|efr oabm aygufvmygw,f? ol&J@ ulnDr_av;awGuawmh-

Oyrm -zsm;aewJhvlem&Jabmfwa,muftcsrf;wufaew,fqkd&iftedrfhqHk;tm;jzifhbmrSvkyfray;Ekdifawmifa&aEG;ylylav;wcGufavmufukdr&&atmif&Smvmay;wwf/ wkdufay;wwfwmrsdK;jzpfygw,f? ckdufckdufwkefatmiftcsrf;wufaewJhvlem[m tJ'Da&aEG;ylylav;ukdaomufvkduf&wJhtcg tm;tifawG jyef&Sdvm+yD; aEG;axG;r_ukdyg ESpfodfrfhcHpm;vkduf&yg

w,f?&JabmfawGtm;vHk; zsm;ae&ift0wfvJp&m r&Sdawmhbl;? 'Dvkd

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

59/133

59

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi ftcgrSm olu usm;-rra&G; &Jabmftm;vHk;&J@ t0wfawGukd

&Sm,lygw,f? trsdK;orD;awG&J@ t0wftxnfawG xrDawGqkd&ifawmhjrav;udktultnDawmif; &Sm,lckdif;wwfygw,f? u|efrwkd@u tm;emvkd@jyefawmif; &ifvnf; bmrStm;emp&m &Sufp&m rvkdbl;? tm;vHk;[mvlcsif; twlwlyJ? usm;-r uGJjym;wmuvGJ&iftm;vHk;[m vlawGcsnf;yJ?&JabmfawGcsnf;yJ? jynfolawGcsnf;yJvkd@ ajymwwfygw,f? +yD;&ifawmifatmufrSm&SdwJh &duQmHkukd qif;oGm;+yD; av;axmifhoHyHk;wyHk;xJ usm;rt0wfcGJraebJtm;vHk;pkxnfhum &SdwJhqyfjym/ &or#eJ@ xnfhjyKwfwwfygw,f? wcgw&Hqyfjymr&Sd&ifvnf; qyfjymoD; (EGm;ykwD;oD;) xnfhjyKwf/acsmif;ab;rSm oDcsif;av; wat;at;eJ@ av#mfwmygyJ? +yD;&ifacsmif;ab;u csHKawGay:rSm wifvSrf;xm;wwfygw,f? naea&mufawmhtJ'DvSrf;xm;wJht0wfawGajcmufoGm;wmeJ@ qkdif&m&JabmfawGxHjyefay; wwfygw,f?

tJ'Dvkd oleJ@ twlae jzwfoef;vm&if;eJ@ olajymaewJh ukd,fukd,fwkdifuvGJ&iftm;vHk;[m jynfolawGyJqkdwJhol@&J@ vufoHk;pum;eJ@jynfolukd tvkyfau|;jyK=uqkdwJh oif=um;csufukd ykdoabmaygufvmygw,f? wu,fawmh awmfvSefa&;orm;qkdwm tESpfcsKyfvkduf&ifjynfolukdtvkyftau|;jyKjcif;wrsdK;yJ r[kwfygvm;?

'ga=umifhOuUarmfu awmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@xJu rD;aoG;zkwform;av; &Jabmfusef;ppfwJh uG,fvGefawmh jynfol@ tusdK;aqmif=uqdkwJhrdef@cGef;ajymum psmyerSm usef;ppfwJhukd *k%fjyKcJhw,fr[kwfvm;? awmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@twGif;rSm b,fvkdtvkyfvkyfjzpfjzpfawmfvSefa&;ukdtusdK;jyKwm/ jynfolukdtusdK;jyKwm/ tvkyftau|;jyKwmcsnf;yJqkdwmukdav;eufoabmaygufatmif pcef;rSL;&Jabmfwkdufatmifu vufawG@ twGif;rSmvkyfjycJhygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ awmfvSefa&;xJrSm tvkyfra&G; us&m wm0efudku|efr vkyfwwfvmcJh&awmhw,f?

& Jabm fawGuk d y k d ;ar G ;ovk d ar G ;&r,f&JabmfawGukdykd;arG;ovkdarG;&r,f? 'Dpum;[mvnf; tJ'Dum

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

60/133

60

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fvawGwkef;u pcef;rSL;&Jabmfwkdufatmif&J@ yg;pyfzsm;rSm r=umc% =um;&wwfygw,f? 'Daqmifyk'feJ@tnDol[m nifomaysmhaysmif;pGm usifhoHk;wwfolyg? ESdrfESdrfcscs csOf;uyfajymqkdwwfolwOD;jzpfygw,f? teD;uyfqHk;Oyrmwckukd jyygqkd&ifawmhu|efrukd,fwkdifcHpm;&r_wck &SdcJhzl;ygw,f?

tJ'guawmh xkd;ppfumvawGtwGif;rSm jzpfaeayr,fhtcsdef&&if &ovkd &JabmfawG avhvma&; vkyfavh&Sdwwfygw,f? u|efr[mavhvma&;vkyf&if; tcsdef=umoGm;wmeJ@ awmifatmuf &duQmHkukdqif;0g;ykd;eJ@ a&cyfay;ygw,f? rsufvHk;tanmif;ajywmeJ@ awmifay:jyefwuf/tcdsef=umvm&if jyefem;/ Hk;cef;ukdoGm; Hk;tkyftvkyfrsm;ae&if Hk;tkyf&J@vkyfief;awGukd ulnDvkyfukdifay;wwfygw,f?

'gayrJhwcgrSmawmhHk;tkyfeJ@ csufpfupm;aewmukdb}uD; ocifwifxGef;u jrifoGm;awmh -

rapmjr -'gavmufta&;}uD;wJhtcsdefrSm csufpfxkd;aevkdufwmtcsdefawG odyfESajrmzkd@ aumif;vSw,fvkd@ ajymygw,f? ab;rSmvnf;pcef;rSL;wOD;om &Sdygw,f? b}uD;[m pum;ajymcJygw,f? at;at;aq;aq; aewwfolyg?

u|efruvnf; tHhtm;oifhoGm;+yD; }udKwifpOf;pm;r_r&SdbJ tckvkdaumufumiifum jyefajymvkdufygw,f?

'Duae@ u|efrwkd@ygwD&J@ au;a=umfoHu &efol@xkd;ppfukd rdrdxkd;ppfeJ@ kdufcsdK;=uvkd@ ajymxm;w,f? +yD;awmh b}uD;wkd@yJ ygwD0ifwkdif;ppfukdOD;pD;Ekdif&r,fvdk@ awmif;qkdxm;wmav? u|efru wyfrSL; wa,mufvnf; r[kwfawmh ppfynmtwGuf csufpfxkd;aewmygvkd@ =uufacgif;qdwfrcH wHk@jyefvkdufrdygw,f?

rapmjruawmh vkyfawmhr,fvkd@ +yHK;+yHK;}uD;ajym+yD; b}uD;uaemufxyfbmrSrajymawmhygbl;? pcef;rSL;uvnf; u|efrukdrsufvHk;}uD;jyL;=unfhaewmuvGJvkd@ bmrSrajymyg? u|efrvnf; olwkd@ ajymcsifwm&Sd&ifajymygapqkd+yD; owif;pmawGukd [kdvSef'DvSefeJ@ tcsdeft=um}uD; =unfh

ae+yD;rSbm;wkdufukd jyefvmcJhygw,f?aemufwae@ xrif;pm;+yD;awmh pcef;rSL;u u|efr&SdwJhqDvm+yD;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

61/133

61

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi favat;at;eJ@ ajymygw,f?

rapmjr rae@u tjzpftysuf[m azmfjyr_raumif;bl;? b}uD;urapmjrtay: tifrwef ar#mfvifhcsuf}uD;rm;w,f? rapmjr[m omrefkd;kd;&Jabmfr[kwfbl;? au'ga[mif;wa,muf? 'Dtjzpftysufukd ab;u&Jabmfav;awGod&if*,ufkdufr_aumif;rSm r[kwfbl;

[kwfygw,f&Jabmfwkdufatmif? u|efrvnf; bmrSpOf;pm;xm;wmr&SdbJ aumufumiifum jyefajymvkdufrdwmyg? u|efr jyefpOf;pm;=unfhvkdufawmh'Dvkyf[ef[m u|efr rSm;wmyg? u|efrtaeeJ@ b}uD;qDukdat;at;aq;aq; oGm;+yD; u|efr trSm;ukd 0efcHyghr,f? aemifrSmvnf;rjzpfap&ygbl;? b}uD;ukdvnf; jyefawmif;yefyghr,f(u|efr vufawG@rSmvnf; a0zefa&;ay;cJhygw,f)?

at;Asm aumif;ygw,f? =um;&wm 0rf;omygw,f? aemifrSmvnf; v_yf&Sm;r_wkdif; owdxm;ayghAsm? uJu|efawmfvnf; oGm;OD;r,fvdk@ajymajymqkdqkdxjyefoGm;ygw,f?

wu,fvnf; pcef;rSL;taeeJ@ u|efr&J@ vkyf[efraumif;wmukda0zefaxmufjy ulnD&r,fhwm0ef&Sdygw,f? 'gayrJhvufawG@rSm pcef;rSL;wa,muftaeeJ@ txufpD;,l zdtm;ay;ajymwJhvkyf[efvHk;0r&Sdyg? jy\emukd csOf;uyf&mrSm tifrwef El;nHhodrfarG@aewm awG@&ygw,f?

a0zefa&;eJ@ rdrdukd,fukd,fa0zefa&;qdkwm awmfvSefa&; wyfzGJ@0ifwkdif; usifhoHk;&r,fhvkyf[efjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh 'Dvkyf[efukd rSefuefpGmrusifhoHk;wwf&iftusdK;oufa&mufr_ raumif;jzpfum ygwDwGif;/ wyfzGJ@wGif; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_ukd xdckdufwwfygw,f?

&JabmfarmfpDwkef;u trSm;usL;vGefwJh&Jabmftay: a0zefa&;vkyf&mrSm vlrrmukd aq;uku,fwif? rkd;zGJav; &GmovkdusifhoHk;&r,fvkd@ u|efrwkd@ukd oif=um;cJhygw,f?

u|efrwkd@pcef;rSL;&J@ vkyfaqmifcsufawG[mvnf; 'DvkdygyJvm;? olau;a=umfaeovkd&JabmfawGukdykd;arG;ovkdarG;jrL&r,fqdkwJhau;a=umf

oHeJ@ vkyf[ef[m wxyfwnf;usae+yD; twk,lusifhoHk;p&m tjzpfu|efrb0wav#mufvHk; cH,l usifhoHk;EkdifcJhygw,f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

62/133

62

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fpn f;ur f;& S d& S d w m0e fo do d

yefqef;qkdwm[m ygwDA[kdXmecsKyf/ ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o XmecsKyfeJ@ tv,fyk dif;AsLkd&J@ aemufwef;XmecsKyfwkd@ tckdiftrm Hk;pkduf&mae&mjzpfygw,f? tJ'DrSm ygwD&J@ ae@xl; ae@jrwfawGjzpfwJhygwDwnfaxmifwJhae@ (815)/ vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;ae@ (328)pwJh ae@awGrSm ya'omuyGJrsm;/ aysmf&$ifyGJrsm;ukd tpnf;ta0;cef;r}uD;xJrSm wcrf;wem;jyKvkyfavh&Sdygw,f? xkdenf;wl r[mrdwf&Jabmfrsm; a&mufvm&ifvnf;uyGJrsm;jzifh {nfhcHazsmfajzavh&Sdwwfygw,f? u|efr[m rlvu 0g'jzef@ csd

a&;rSm yg0ifvkyfaqmifcJhwJhau'ga[mif; wOD;jzpfvkd@ yGJwkdif;rSm xJxJ0if0ifyg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh&olwOD;vkd@ qkd&ifrrSm;ygbl;? tJ'DvkdyGJawGteufuyGJwckckrSmyg?

wnyGJxGufcgeD; tcsdefavmufrSm udpPwckay:ygw,f? tJ'Dnutv,fykdif;AsLkdu a&mufvmwJhwyfrsm;ukdtxl; zdwfac:jywJhyGJyg? yGJusif;ywJh cef;rwckvHk;rSm ZmwfpifxufrSv#yfppfrD;a&mifrsm;a=umifh a&$yGJvm&Jabmfrsm;&J@ opf&Gufpdrf;a&mif,leDazmif;rsm;eJ@ acgif;xufrSOD;xkyfrsm;u=u,feDa&mifwvufvufxaewmrkd@ yGJcif;[m txl;yemwifh pnfum;okduf+rdKufaeygw,f?

u|efr[m yGJxGufcgeD;+yDrdk@ bmawGvkdtyfrvJvkd@ 0wfpm;jyifqifaewJhZmwfcHkaemufykdif;u tcef;xJukdoGm;=unfh ppfaq;aecsdef? aemufbufaygufu uif;orm;&Jabmfwa,mufu u|efrukdvmac: aeygw,f?q&mr jy\emjzpfaevkd@ vm&Sif;ay;ygOD;wJh? u|efrcsufcsif; vkdufoGm;vkdufygw,f? tjzpfu 'Dvkdyg?

uav; 2 a,mufeJ@ Akdvfwkdufatmifwdk@ rdom;pkukduif;u wm;xm;vkd@ ZmwfHkcef;rxJ0ifcGifhr&bJwHcg;0rSm &yfae& w,f? jrav;u-

tpfra& om;eJ@orD;u yGJodyf=unfhcsifaewmrdk@ yGJcif;xJukdvmwm? uif;uwm;xm;wm b,fvkdrS ajymvkd@r&bl;? uav;awGuem;avmhu olwdk@oli,fcsif;awGtukefvm=unfh=uwmrdk@ olwkd@uvnf;odyf=unfhcsifaewm? ol@tazu wyfujzpfayr,fhtv,fykdif;rSmqkdawmh'Du&JabmfawGu rod=ubl;? u|efru ajymjyr,fqkdawmholu oabm

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

63/133

63

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi frwlbl;? rajym&bl;wJh? 'geJ@ u|efrvnf; tpfrajymxm;wm owd&wmeJ@uif;&Jabmfav;ukd ajymvkdufwm

(u|efrwkd@ yGJuwJhwcg yGJvufrSwfrsm;ukd XmecsKyfu kdufxm;+yD;,lepfvkdufyGJvufrSwfrsm; xkwfa0ay;wm &Sdwwfw,f? ol@&ufeJ@ol,lepfvkdufyGJvm=unfh&ygw,f? ZmwfHkxJ0ifwJhwHcg;rSm wif;usyfpGm tapmifhxm;avh&Sdygw,f)?

u|efru uif;&Jabmfrsm;eJ@ ndE_dif;+yD; ac:oGif;zkd@vkyfawmh Akdvfwkdufatmifu-

rapmjr u|efawmfhta=umif;awmh rajymeJ@aemf? tckvkd pnf;urf;&Sdwm aumif;ygw,f? csD;usL;ay;&r,f? 'g[m tvGefaumif;wJhpdwf"mwfjzpfw,f

[kwfuJhrajymygbl;? u|efrac:vdk@ &ygw,f? Akdvfwkdufatmifa&mvkduf=unfhygOD;

[m - rjzpfbl;/ rjzpfbl;? u|efawmftpD&ifcHpmawG wyHk}uD;a&;ae&wm 'Dn r+yD;vkd@ rjzpfbl;

'Dn r=unfhEkdifao;vnf; aemufnawG &Sdygao;w,fuJ- om;wkd@ orD;wdk@ arareJ@ aumif;aumif;=unfhae&pf=uaemf/

azaztvkyf&Sdao;w,fuJrapmjr u|efawmf jyefr,fjrav;a& ukd,fjyefr,faemf ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ Akdvfwkdufatmif

jyefoGm;ygw,f? jrav;uawmh rsufESmav; r=unfromeJ@ bmrS jyefrajymbJ'DvkdyJ =unfhae&Smygw,f?

u|efrvnf; &Jabmfav;wa,mufukd XmecsKyfHk;cef;xJu cHkwef;vsm;i,fwvHk;ukdoGm;,lckdif;vkduf+yD; jrav;wkd@ rdom;pktwGufyGJcif;xJrSmaea&mwae&m ay;vkdufygw,f?

jrav;uawmh rausreyfjzpfaewmukdtckvkd &ifzGifh&Smygw,f?tpfr&,f OD;av;wifat;[mav ajym&qkd& odyfcufwm od

vm;? u|efru ajymw,f? 'DyGJuwm[m 'DnrSm tv,fykdif;AsLkdu wufvmwJh wyfu &JabmfawGukd }udKqkdwJhyGJ/ *k%fjyKwJhyGJ/ azsmfajzwJhyGJjzpfvkd@

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

64/133

64

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fu|efrvnf; vm=unfhwm cifAsm;eJ@vnf; qkdifwJhyGJjzpfw,f? wu,fucifAsm;ajymzkd@ rvkdbl;? u|efrajymjyrSmaygh? cifAsm;[m tv,fykdif;uwyfrSL;}uD; 0rfppfvifqkdwm olyJ? 'gavmufajym&if&JabmfawGu vlukdrodayr,fhtv,fykdif;u wyfrSL;}uD;qdkwmawmh odwmaygh? 0ifcGifhay;rSmaygh? tJ'gukdu|efru ajymjyr,fqkdawmhrajym&bl;? olwkd@ pnf;urf;ukdpepfwus ukdifxm;wm igwkd@ av;pm;&r,fwJh?

at;-odygw,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrvnf; ac:wmyg? tck[mvnf; aumif;ygw,f? xm;vkdufyg? olvnf; acgif;aqmifqkdawmhuyGJucsxm;wJh pnf;urf;ukd xdef;odrf;vkdufem ay;wm? aumif;ygw,f? aeygapuG,f? 'DvkdeJ@ tJ'DDnu ay:cJhwJhjy\emukdat;at;aq;aq; ajz&Sif;ay;vkdufygw,f? jzpf&yfuav;uawmh 'gygyJ?

'gayrJh ygwD&J@ xdyfwef;acgif;aqmifwOD; wyfrSL;wOD;[m tajctaet& csrSwfxm;wJh pnf;urf;ukdvkdufemwm/ pnf;urf;t& tvkyfvkyfaewJh &JabmfawGukd av;av;pm;pm;qufqHwm/ pdwfxm; ESdrfhcswJhvkyf[efaumif;awG[m twk,lp&mtjzpfeJ@ uyGJed*Hk;csKyfrSm owif; ar$;usef&pfcJhzl;ygw,f?

u k d, f hw m0e f& S d&m jre f ;r,f pp fE kdi fz d k@p dwfu ar m fr Se f ;& G,f&Jabmfwkdufatmiftv,fykdif;AsLkdwyfrSL;}uD;tjzpfwm0efus

pOfu c&D;rxGufcifusef;rma&;ppfaq;&mawG@&SdcsufawG[m odyfr aumif;vSygbl;? q&m0efu c%em;zdk@ajymayr,fh &Jabmfwkdufatmifu vufrcHygbl;? 'ga=umifh aemufqHk;rSm q&m0efu cGifhjyKvkduf&ygw,f? tv,fykdif;ukdqif;cgeD;usawmh ajcaxmufawGu vrf;aumif;aumif; oGm;r& kd;kd; tdrfavSum;ukdawmif rwufEkdifwJhtxd jzpfvmcJhygw,f?

tJ'DtcsdefrSm A[kdXmecsKyfu q&m0ef}uD;[m cGifhjyefaecsdefjzpfvkd@u|efrwkd@ ppfa'oaq;HkukdtultnDawmif;ygw,f? tJ'gukdoGm;a&muf

ulnDzkd@ yxrqHk; wm0efay;tyfcH&olu u|efrjzpfygw,f?'ga=umifhu|efrvnf; ae@pOfA[kdHk;ukdoGm;/ aq;ukay;/ nae

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

65/133

65

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fppfa'oaq;Hkukd jyefvm? A[kdXmecsKyfpcef;rSm wm0ef,laewJ aq;vkyfom; &Jabmfr*smrkdif;eJ@ ndE_dif;wkdifyifukoay;cJhw,f? 'DvkdwvavmufoGm;a&mufukoay;vkdufawmh&Jabmfwkdufatmiftajctae awmfawmfaumif;vmygw,f? ukenf;uawmh vkdtyfwJh pm;aq;/ xkd;aq;awGukdykHrSefoHk;+yD; aiGtyfpkdufay;wmeJ@ aygif;pyfukay;cJhygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ Akdvfwkdfufatmif&J@ usef;rma&;tajctae[m yHkrSefukd jyefa&mufvmawmhu|efrwkd@tm;vHk;vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfcJh&w,f? u|efru Akdvfwkdufatmif usef;rma&; ykdrdkckdifrmvmatmif vwcsdK@ tenf;qHk; wvavmufjyeftem;,l+yD;rSawmfvSefa&;wm0efukdqufvufvkyfaqmifyg&efq&m0efwOD;taeeJ@ awmif;qkdzl;ygw,f? 'gayrJh olvufrcHygbl;?

rapmjrwdk@u &Jabmfcsif; apwemaumif;eJ@ t}uHjyKwmukdu|efawmftrsm;}uD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f? 'gayrJh&JabmfawGt}uHjyKwJhtwkdif;rvkdufemEkdifwJhu|efawmfhukdem;vnfay;=uyg? cGifhv$wf=uygvkd@ u|efawmfawmif;yefygw,f? u|efawmfhae&mu pOf;pm;=unfh=uygOD;? owfrSwfxm;wJh tcsdef/ owfrSwfxm;wJhae&mukdtm;vHk;a&mufae=uyg+yD? wyfrSL;wa,mufyJtdrfu rxGufEkdifao;bl;qkdawmhaumif;EkdifygOD;rvm;? pOf;pm;=uygOD;wJh?

ol@bufu jyefpOf;pm;=unfhvkdufawmhvnf; [kwfygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@yJu|efrwkd@vnf; aq;bufu t}uHjyKcsufukdvufav#mhvkduf&ygawmhw,f?olvnf; r=umcifrSmyJtv,fykdif;AsLkdukdwm0ef,l&efqif;oGm;yg awmhw,f?

AkdvfwkdufatmiftwGufwckpdwfoufomp&m &apwmuawmhol[m usef;rma&;eJ@ ywfouf&ifq&m0efpdwf"mwfeJ@ aygif;pyfEkdif+yD; ukd,fwkdifvnf; *kpkdufwwfygw,f? tajccHtm;jzifhvnf; awmfawmfusef;rma&;aumif;olwa,mufyg? +yD;awmhtv,fykdif;AsLkdrSm wm0efuswJhq&m0ef&JabmfawG[mvnf; tbufbufu awmfwJhq&m0efawGjzpfvdk@ pdwfcs&ygw,f? olwkd@ukdvnf; Adkvfwkdufatmif&J@ usef;rma&;tajctaeukdjynfh

jynfhpHkpHk rdwfqufay;vkdufygw,f?1983 ckESpfxJrSmawmholwm0efus&mae&mrSm wm0ef xrf;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

66/133

66

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi faqmifae&if; OD;aESmufaoG;a=umydwfoGm;+yD; roGm;Ekdif rvmEkdif pum;rajymEkdifusef;rma&; csdK@wJhoGm;vkd@ A[kdXmecsKyf&Sd&m ZeD;eJ@ om;orD;rsm;&Sd&mukd jyefa&mufvm+yD; aq;0g; ukor_ cH,l&if; tem;,lae&ygw,f?

tJ'DumvawGrSm u|efrvnf; &JabmfatmifvGifeJ@ vufxyf&ufeD;vdk@ A[kdHk;u &Jabmfrsm; acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd r*FvmyGJukd ua&mufcsD;jrifh=uyg&ef oGm;a&mufzdwf=um;&if; &JabmfwkdufatmifqDvnf;0ifa&mufzdwf=um;cJhygw,f? (&JabmfatmifvGif[m ol@vufatmufrSmwyfaygif;pkvkyfief;ukdtcsdefwykdif;vkyfcJholrkd@ olwkd@csif;uvnf; &if;ESD;+yD;om;yg?) olu u|efrwkd@ 2 a,mufukdvufrwaxmifaxmifeJ@ vkyfjyvkdufygw,f? t"dym,fuawmholoabmwlygw,fqdkwJho abmygyJwJh?olZeD;jrav;u t"ddy`m,fzGifhay;vkdufygw,f?

u|efrwkd@ 2 a,mufvnf; ol@udk pdwfraumif;pGmE_wfquf&if;ol@xHu xGufcGmvmcJhygw,f? 'g[m ol@ukd u|efr aemufqHk;awG@vkduf&jcif;qdkwmudkawmh tJ'Dwkef;u rodvkdufrdygbl;? r=umcifrSmyJ ol[mrdom;pkeJ@twlwzufEkdifiH aq;uk&if; tem;,l&efxGufcGmoGm;cJhygw,f?aemufqHk;oluG,fvGefoGm;wJh2001 ckESpftxdu|efrwkd@ wyfrSL;/ u|efrwkd@pcef;rSL;/ u|efrwkd@acgif;aqmifukd jyefrqHkEkdifcJhawmhygbl;? ol@&J@ aemufqHk;c&D;ukdvnf; ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh vkdufygykd@aqmifjcif;vnf;rvkyfEkdifygbl;?

'gayrJhol@&J@ r+yD;qHk;ao;wJhawmfvSefa&;wm0efukdusef&pfol&Jabmfrsm;eJ@twlqufvufo,faqmif&if;

- &Jabmfwkdufatmif&J@ rGefjrwfwJh tawG;tac:aumif;rsm;/vkyf[efaumif;rsm; xm0pOf O'gef;wGif&pfygap-vkd@ qENjyKvkdufygw,f?

& J abm f rapm j r 2013 Ze fe0 g& D 13 &u f?

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

67/133

67


&JabmfwkdufatmifukdwyfrSL;wa,muftjzpfeJ@ jynfol@wyfrawmf&J@wyfzGJ@ toD;oD;rSm }uHzl;cJh=uolawGrsm;ygvdrfhr,f? u|efawmfuawmhta&S@ajrmufppfa'o&J@ Xmeuav;wckrSm tcsdefumvwkdwck}uHKcJhzl;ygw,f?

1973 ckESpfukefykdif;rSm 0ajrmufckdif/ ckdifwyf&J@ wyfrSL;tjzpfwm0ef,l

aeol ppfc|rf;&Jabmfa[mif;wa,mufjzpfwJh &Jabmf0if;aqG tdrfcGifhjyefawmhol@qDrSm wm0efxrf;aewJhu|efawmfwkd@ oli,fcsif;ESpfa,mufvnf; oleJ@twljyefvmcJh=uygw,f? ckdifwyf&J@ wyf&if;Hk;u 0ajrmufckdifHk;pkduf&m rkdif;arm+rdK@uaeESpf&ufc&D;vrf;av#muf&wJh[kdyef/ yefvHk+rdK@rsm;eJ@ rsufESmcsif;qkdifrSm &SdaewJhawmifwef;awGay:u ,efa,mfqkdwJh wkwf&GmrSm tajcpkdufxm;ygw,f?ol@tdrfu uGwfckdifckdifHk;pkduf&m oHvGifjrpftaemufbufjcrf;rSm&SdwJhwkwf/ ucsif/&Srf;/ yavmif&Gmrsm; a&maESmwnf&SdaewJhwkwfArme,fpyfawmif=um;xJurkef;ukdqkdwJhae&mrSmyg? rkdif;armuae rkef;ukdukdv0ufc&D; vrf;av#mufayr,fhwifjrif;ay:rSm ausmykd;tdwfeJ@ &duQmwif+yD; aoewfwvufom xrf;+yD;vrf;av#mufcJh&wmrkd@ vlwa,muftwGufodyfryifyef;vSygbl;? 0ajrmufckdifwyfrSm

wESpfavmufwm0efuspOftwGif; wawmifqif;wawmifwufoGm;vm&wma=umifhusifhom;&cJhwmvnf; ygvdrfhr,fxifygw,f? 'DumvawGwkef;u uGwfckdif/

usaemf }uH Kc J h&z l ;wJ h& Jabm fw k du fatmi f

& Jabm fatmi fai G

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

68/133

68

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fukd;uef@ckdifeJ@ 0ajrmufckdifawG[m ae@pOfae@wkdif; tzGJ@toD;oD;[m wm0eftoD;oD;eJ@ oGm;ae=uwmrkd@ vrf;c&D;wav#mufwaxmufem;wJh&Gmwkdif;rSm wnwnf;ckdzdk@ tdrfvGwf&Sm&wmawmifcyfcufcufyg? 0awmifckdifbufu yefqef;rSmtajcpkdufr,fh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'oHk;eJ@ Xmetopf/ wyftopfawG wkd;csJ@zGJ@pnf;&mrSm oGm;a&mufwm0ef,lzdk@ rdcif,lepfa[mif;awGuae au'g&Jabmfrsm;xkwfEkwf+yD; ay;ykd@ae=u&csdefjzpfygw,f? 'Dumvu ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ wyfawG[m 0e,fbufukdxkd;azmufwkd;csJ@ aecsdefjzpf+yD; vGefcJhwJhwvavmufuyJrkdif;,ef;+rdK@ukdodrf;wJhwkdufyGJatmifjrif+yD;csdefvnf; jzpfwmrkd@ &Jabmfwkdif; avmufwufuae=uwmyg? 'Da'o[m wkwfe,fpyfa'ojzpf+yD; vlrsdK;vnf;pHkygw,f?

ArmeJ@ ArmjynfaygufwkwftrsdK;om;rsm;u tenf;pkjzpf+yD; &Srf;/ ucsif/ yavmif/vDa&Sm/ 0eJ@ wkwfvlrsdK;awGu trsm;pkjzpfw,f? vlrsdK;pHktrsdK;om; trsdK;orD;&Jabmfrsm; ukd,fhausmykd;tdwfeJ@ aoewfukd,fpDxrf;+yD; wawmifqif; wawmifwufukd,fwm0efus&m ae&mtoD;oD;ukd&$ifvef;wufupGm oGm;vm=uwJhtm;wufp&m jrifuGif;[m tJ'Dumv&J@ yHkum;csyfjzpfygw,f?

vrf;c&D;wav#muf&JabmfawGwm0efopfeJ@ XmeopfawGqDoGm;vmae=uwm awG@jrifae&ayr,fh 'Dc&D;[m ukd,fvnf; olwkd@vkdyJwm0efopfeJ@XmeopfwckqDcsDwufaerSef; rodcJh=uygbl;? rkef;ukda&muf+yD; wywfavmuft=umwnaecif;rSm u|efawmfwkd@ &SdaewJh &Jabmf0if;aqGtdrfukdvlESpfa,muf cyf

oGufoGuf av#mufvmygw,f? wa,mufu twl awmckdvmwJh oli,fcsif;&Jabmfyg? useftouf}uD;&Jabmf}uD;ukdawmhrjrifzl;ygbl;? &Jabmf0if;aqGeJ@ajymqkd=u E_wfquf=urS&Jabmfwkdufatmifqkdwm od&ygw,f? vlvwfykdif;t&G,f/ tom;ndKndK/ rsufESmxm;csdK+yD; udk,fcE

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

69/133

69

wk du fw k d i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi folwyfqifxm;wJh aoewfrsm;tyfESH+yD; E_wfqufum ausmykd;tdwfukd ykd;+yD;vkdufcJh=uygw,f? pcef;a&mufwmeJ@ pcef;wGif;&SdwJh &Jabmfrsm;ukd ac:,lumawG@qHkrdwfqufay;+yD; &Jabmfwkdufatmifu pcef;&Sd&Jabmfrsm;eJ@twlaexkdifjzwfoef;zkd@ tckdiftrmvkyfief;udpPaemifrSaqG;aEG;r,fvkd@ ajymygw,f? pcef;wGif;rSm ukd,fodolawGa&m/ rodolawGa&m vlrsdK;pHkygyJ? ucsif? wkwf/ &Srf;ujym;/ArmjynfaygufwkwfeJ@ Arm&JabmfawG&Sdygw,f?

'DvkdeJ@ &Jabmfwkdufatmifwm0ef,lwJhvkyfief;awGxJu wckjzpfwJhA[kdtvkyftzGJ@pcef;ukda&mufcJh=uygw,f? 'DXme u ppfa'o/ ckdif/ +rKd@e,fwyfeJ@vkyfief;awGroufqkdifwJhA[kd&J@oD;jcm;vkyfief;udpPrsm;ukdvkyfukdifaqmif&Gufzkd@

zGJ@xm;wmyg? vkyfief;pHkygw,f? tckdiftrmvkyfief;wm0ef&SdrSwm0efay;r,fh&Jabmfukd ac:,laqG;aEG; wm0efay;wmjzpfygw,f? &JabmftoD;oD;[m ukd,fhwm0efrSty usef&Jabmf&J@vkyfief;udpProd=u/ rar;=u&ygbl;? wm0efuscsdefrSmvkdtyfovkdc&D;xGuf=u&+yD; wm0efr&SdcsdefrSm pcef;wGif;rSm &Jabmfwkdif; twlaexkdifjzwfoef;=u&ygw,f? vkyfief;wm0efu oD;jcm;pDjzpf=u+yD; ygwDb0eJ@ aexkdifpm;aomufr_b0jzwfoef;r_u twlwljzpfygw,f? pcef;wGif; aexkdifpOftkyfcsKyfr_wm0efukdpcef;rSL;jzpfwJhppfc|rf;&Jabmfa[mif; &Jabmfjr&ifu wm0ef,lygw,f?

pcef;&J@ yHkrSefvnfywfr_u reuftdyf&mx 0DpDr_wfoHeJ@ pygw,f?

r=umcifrSm pcef;rSL;eJ@ ndE_dif;xm;r_t& wae@twGufwm0efuswJhwm0efrSL;u'Dae@vkyfzkd@ pDpOfxm;wJhtvkyfrsm;ukdpDrHcef@cGJay;ygw,f? 'DpDrHr_t& xrif;csufzdk@wm0efuswJh&Jabmfrsm;rSty usef&Jabmfrsm;tm;vHk; tvkyfp=uwmygyJ? reufcif;wem&Davmuftvkyfvkyf=u+yD; reufpm xrif;pm;em;um ae@buftwGufvkyfp&m&Sdwm xyfrHcef@cGJ+yD; vkyf=uwmyg? tvkyfr&SdwJhtcgawmhtem;,lumukd,fvkyfp&m&Sdwm vkyf=uwmygyJ? tvkyfuawmhpHkygw,f? aexkdifpm;aomufr_twGufvkdtyfwJhvkyfief; tm;vHk;ygyJ? awmwkd;awmifwuf+yD; xif;ckwf/ 0g;ckwf/xif;xrf;0g;xrf;wmygovkd ukd,faezkd@ vkdtyfwJh tkd;tdrfjyKjyifwm/ wkd;csJ@aqmufvkyfwmvnf; &Sdygw,f? pm;zkd@aomufzdk@ &duQmxrf;wm/ [if;oD;[if;&Gufpkdufzdk@ ajraygufwm/ pkdufwmysdK;wmeJ@ ukd,fpm;zkd@arG;xm;wJh=uuf/ 0uf/

bJpwJhd&p>mefawGtwGufvkdtyfor#vkyfief; tm;vHk;ygyJ? EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;taeeJ@ygwD uvmyfpnf;u a&G;cs,fowfrSwfay;wJh rmhufpf/ vDeif0g'/ armfpDwkef;

8/12/2019 book BTA_2

70/133

70

wk du fw d k i f ; atmi fwy f r S L ; }u D ; & J abm fw k du f atmi fvufa&G;pifusrf;awGxJu aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd avhvm+yD; uvmyfpnf;&J@acgif;aqmifr_t& wywfw}udrfpkaygif; avhvmaqG;aEG;wm &Sdovkdtxuf&J@ oD;jcm;nef=um;csufrsm;/ rdef@cGef;rsm;/ EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukdavhvmaqG;aEG;wm &Sdygw,f? wvw}udrfaexkdifpm;aomufr_aqG;aEG;yGJvkyf+yD; tjyeftvSefa0zeft}uHay;wm xdef;ndwm vkyfygw,f? naebufrSm 0goemt&tm;upm;vkyf=u+yD; nae xrif;pm;+yD;csdefrSm teD;tem;&Sdpcef;rsm;qDoGm;a&mufvnfywf=u+yD; tdyfcsdefrwkdifrDpcef;a&mufatmifjyef=uygw,f? 'gu pcef;wGif; aexkdifr_&J@ a,bk,syHkpHygyJ?

&Jabmfwkdufatmifu pcef;rSm t+rJraeygbl;? wvrSm 2 }udrf 3

}udrfavmuf a&mufvmwwf+yD;/ a,bk,stm;jzifhw}udrfvm&if 4 &uf 5&ufavmuf pcef;rSm aeygw,f? tvkyfudpP&Sdae&ifawmh =umwwfygw,f?olpcef;rSm &SdaecsdefrSm reufcif; trsm;pkaygif;vkyfukdif=uwJhvkyfief;wkdif;rSm olyg0ifygw,f? ajraygufcsdefqkdolvnf;trsm;enf;wlaysmfaysmfyg;yg; 0ifygwmygyJ?ypPnf;tav;tyifxrf;=uykd;=ucsdefqkdvnf; olygygw,f? EkdifiHa&;avhvm aqG;aEG;=ucsdefrSmvnf; yg0ifaqG;aEG;+yD; trsm;eJ@twl&if;&if;ESD;ESD; aexkdifpm;aomufygw,f? 'Dvkdtwljzwfoef;&if;eJ@ pcef;wGif;&Jabmfrsm;&J@ pOf;pm;r_/ wdrf;nwfr_awG/tm;aumif;csufeJ@ csdK@,Gif;r_awGukd avhvmxm;+yD; twltvkyfvkyf&if; em;csdefawGrSm/ avhvma&;aqG;aEG;yGJawGrSm/ aexkdifpm;aomufr_aqG;aEG;yGJawGrSm

ayghayghyg;yg; a0zefaxmufjywm/ xkwfazmfcsD;usL;wm todtrSwfjyKwmawGvkyfwwfygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ +rdK@uvmwJh&JabmfawGu tv$mpHkygw,f? tvkyform;/ v,form;uvmwm ygovkd +rdK@aeqif;&Jom;eJ@ ynmwwf&Jabmfrsm;vnf; ygygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@rSm wa,mufwrsdK;qkdovkdtm;aumif; csuf/tm;enf;csuf ukd,fpD&Sd=uygw,f? ynmwwfrme/ wukd,faumif;qef

book BTA_2

Documents

Transcript of book BTA_2