K B O n P O C y O B A C C H M M J I H T H B H O M ( O T T E H O H H O M ) C M f lr H E H H H B K O H C O H A H T H b I X C O H E T A H H H X P Y C C K O rO i B b l K A 1

A. BAH

r ia f le H H e p e a y u n p o B a H H b ix r j ia c H b i ; b c j ia C b K n o 3 H u n n x , K o r o p o M y n p e a -

u ie c T B O B a jio C M arneH H e n o jiy M H rK H X c o n i a c u b u n e p e a r jia cH b fM H n e p e a H e ro paaa, H M e jio o n p e a e a s u o m e e 3H aneH H e a a « p a3 B H T n a h 3 a K p e n jie H H a 4 > O H o ao rn H ecK o ii

K aT erO pH H TBepaOCTH-M iUKOCTH B pyCCKOM KOHCOHaHTH3Me B U ejIO M H B KOHCO-

H aHTHM x coneraHHax b «iacTHOCTH. OaHaico 3 t o t npouecc ( t o ecTb naaeHHe peay - U H p o B aH H b ix ) , Hapaay c c o 3.aaHHe.vi n o T e H u n a a b H o B03M0>KHbrx ([jOHOjiorHHecKM x

onno3HUHH no npH 3 H aK y T B epaocT H -M aricocT H b n p e a K O H C O H a n T H b u nojio- JKeHHax, H M e ji h t o p m o 3 h i u h h 3T0My pa3BHTHio 3(j)(j)eKT. O T K p b i3 a a lunpoKoe n o j ie JïeilCTBHH aCCHMHJIHTHBHbtX npOU eCCOB n O CTeneHH TBepaOCTH-MJUKOCTH B KOHCO-

HSH TH bix coneT aH H H X , n o a y n e H H b ix b p e3 y jibT aT e naa eH H H p e a y u n p o B a H H b rx ra a c -

l ib ix , yK a3aH H b iH 0HeTHHecKHH n p o u e c c n p H B e a o aH O B p e M e H H o h k H eÜ T pajiH -

33UHH H3BeCTH0H *íaCTH nO T C H U H ajlbH O B03M05KHW X (J)OHOJIOrHHeCKHX 0 n n0 3 H U H H

no TBepflOCTH-MflTKOCTH B COHeTaHHHX T H na [t + t '] H [ t ' + t ] 2. 3 t H M OÔTjHCHH- eT ca (napnay c apyrHMH (j)aKTopaMH) o rp a H H ie H H o c T b n p e a K o n c o H a H T H b ix 4>oho- Jio rH M ecK H x o n n o 3 H U H Ü no a a H H O M y n p H 3 H aK y b CT pyK T ype c o B p e M e H H o ro pyccKoro » 3 H K a . K a ie M3BeCTH0, B COB peM eH H OM pyCCKOM JIH T epaT ypH O M H3bfKe TOJlbKO

n a p a | a | — |ji’ j 3 n p o T H B o n o c T a B a a e T c a n e p e a b c c m h c o r a a c H b iM H (3a h c k ju o - HeHHeM n e p e a [ j] )• n a p w T B e p a t ix h m 5 u k h x 3y 6 H b ix c o r a a c H b ix h | p | — | p '| M o ry T

00pa30BMBaTb onno3HUHK> no TBepaocTH-MaricocTH jiHuib nepea TBepablviH r y 6 H H M H h 3 a aH e H e Ö H b iv iH c o r a a c K M ah. O c T a a b H b i; c o r a a c H b ie h y K a3 aH H b ie

BMLue c o r j ia c H i ie b o c T a jib H b ix nojioaceHHax BOBce He HM eiOT (jjo H O Jio rH H ecK o ii 0 n n 0 3 H U H H n o TBepaOCTH-M HrKOCTH B npeaKOHCOHaHTHBIX n03H U H H X . T aK H M o 6 p a 3 0 M Bce nojioaceHHa, KpoMe yKa3aHHU< B b iu ie , npeacTaBaaioT c o 6 o i t no3HUHH c HeÜTpaaw3yeM0H onno3HUHeii no npn3Haicy TBepaocTH-MarKOCTH4. ct>OHe-

1 I I p e ;ijia rae M a a cTaTba HB;i»eTca MacTbio aHCcepTaiM H , 3am H iueH H oft b M o c k o b c k o m yHHBepcHTeTe b 1963 r . (c HeKOTopbiMH h im c h c h h s im h h yroH iienH iiM H ).

2 3HaK [t] o6o3H aHaeT j ik jö o h TBepabiH c o ra ac H b if i, [t’J * e — jn o ö o i i m h tk h h c o rn a c H w ü 3ByK.3 B flanHOH p a 6o r e r i p u n t a cHCTeMa (jioneiHHecKoft rp a iicK p nn uM n Ha ocHOBe py ccK o ro

aji(j)aBnra.4 3 t o t n p H H u m i onpefleneH M a npoTHBonocraBJiaeM OCTH c o m a c H b ix 4>0HeM n o n p rn iia ic y

TBCp/JOCTH-MiirKOCTH pa3flejlHeTCH He BCeMH HCCJieiXOBaTeJlîIMH (j)OHCTH4eCKOH CHCTeMbl py ccK o ro

« b u c a . 3 t h B o n p o c b i 6 y n .y j H3Jic»KeHbi nav iH b OT/iejibHOÄ p a ö o r e b c b jb h c 4>OH0Ji0rHHecK0ii

H H repnpeT auH e li C M arnenH s c o m a c H b ix n e p e a m h tk h m h c o m a c u b iM H .

216 A. BAH

THHecKHe npoueccM, oöycjiOBHBLune HeiiTpajiH3auHio, npHBejin k cjieayiomeñ

KapTHne oTHocHTejibno KanecTBa comacHbU no npH3HaKy TBepaocTH-MaricocTH

B aaHFibU HefiTpajiH3yeMbi'i onno3HUHHx: corjiacHbre 3ByKH b coneTaHHax in na

«ry6Hoii + m htkhh 3y6Hoii», «3a/uieHe6nbiH + m htkhh c o r j i a c H b i i i » , « c o r a a c H b i f t

-f p ’», He3aBHCHM0 OT Maricoro Ka'iecTBa nocjieayiomero corjiacHoro 3ByKa, ocTa-

JlHCb T B e p ^b l v1H 11JIH O T B SpaeJlH , eCJIH OHM C bMH MflTKHMH. CjieflOBaTejIbHO, co m ac

u b i ; (J)OHeMbi b 3THX THnax coneTaHHÖ £bi:TynaioT B c e r , n a b cbohx TBepab« BapH-

aHTax. B coHeTaHHHX apyrnx th iio b Heirrpa.nH3auHH (JjOHOnorHHecKoìi onno3HUHH

C b i a a oßyc^oBJieHa accHMHjisiTHBHbiM npoueccoM no npii3HaKy TBepaocTH-Mar-

KOCTH, co3AaBiunM TaKoe OTHOiueHHe, npH Kotopom nepea TBep^biM corjiacHbi.vt

CTajiH B03M0>KHbiMn TOJibKO T B e p a b i e coraacHbie, nepea mhtkhm xce — TOjibKO

MflrKHe. TaKHM oßpasoM, coniacHbie (Jjohêmw b nojioacemiH nepeaMHncHM corjiac-

HbfM BbicTynajiH b cbohx MHTKHX BapHanTax, nepea TBepabiM corjiacubiM * e — b

cbohx TBepAbix BapHaHTax. TßepfloCTb-MiirKOCTb y s thx corjiacubi< sBjiajiocb

HppejieBaHTHbIM

ACCMMMJIHTHBHOE CMHTHEHME B KOHCOH AHTHblX COHETAHHJIX 217

3 . «3yÒHOH + MHrKHM ryÖH OH » MSrKHM 3y6HOH [T ’B ’o jp Ä b lH[A ’ß’jHHyTbo[fl’6 ’]HTb

[c’n ’jejibiH

[c’M’jepTb

4 . «3y6Hoii 4 - MflrKiiH 3 y 6 H o ii» MflrKHH 3y6Hcii Jie[T’H’]HHk o [ c ’t ’]

[3 'Ji ’]ecb [ c ’H ’j e r

5. « 3 y Ö H O H + [h ’] h j i h [ i n : ’] » MSrKHÌÌ 3y6HOH ro[n V ]a pace[H’u i : ’]HHao [ T ’m : ’]yKH

6. « r y Ö H o fi h jih 3y6no it + [j] ( f i ] ) » M a rK H H r y Ö H O H H JIH M a rK H H 3yÖHOH

[n’jy]o[6 ’jO M ][B'jejjibn o ffl ’joM ]0[T ’je]3fl[e ’jo]jiK oii

7 . «3B yK [p ] 4- MflrKHH ryÖHOH, MflrKHH 3yÖHOH hjih [h ’] h [u i ; *]»

3ByK [ p ’J CKO[p’n ’]Hfl C M e fp ’T * ] 1

j ia [p V ]H K 6 o [ p ’i u : ’]

YKa3aHKbie O T H O in e m iH b c o B p e M e H H O M x h b o m pyccKOM H 3M K e n p e ,a c T a B jiH K > T

n e c ico jib K o h h > k ) KapTHHy. B npoH 3H om eH H H J i o i e ñ , roBopsiUHX H a pyccK O M J iH T e - paTypHOM «3b i:e , accHMHJiHTHBHoe CMHineHHe co rnac i b u nposiBJiaeT TeH^eHUHio K COKpameHKK). r l p o u e c c yCTpaHeHHfl a C C H M H JIf iT H B H O H M a rK O C T H CQrjiaCHblX 3a M en en h aB T opaM H p a ô o T no p y c c K o ii opiJ>o3nH H2, o a h 3 k o b o M H o r u x cjiynaax b 3THX p a ß o T a x H a ß jiioaaeT C fl H3BecTHaa ycT y n K a 3a cn eT M a r ico r o npoH3HouieiiH5i Ä aH Fbii corjiacpb ix .

EaceflH eBH aa H 3blxoB aa npaKTHKa c u c u b t , KHHOTeaTpa, pa^no h ict o „HapymaeT,,0p4)03iiH H ecK H e npaBHjia, 3acj)HKCHpoBaH? b i ; b 0p(j)03nn>r;cK H X pyKOBOflCTBax. 3to „H a p y u ieH H e ,, npaBHji npoaBjiiieTca jihöo b HCKJiiOHHTejibHO TBep^oM n p0H 3H 0- uueHHH o n p e a e jie H H b K 6m3ihhx accHM HJiaTH Biio CMarHeHKbf t c o r j ia c H b ix ([eju’Jecme, a He [f i’m ’]ecme), jih6o b np0H3H0CHTejibHbi< BapnaHxax Tuna [d’e’e] — [da’e], [m’e’o]pdbiü— [me’o]pòbiù, no[c’A’e]— no[cji’e] h t. ji.

1 O rMe'iaeTCH m b o 3 m o 3 k h o c t i» TBepaoro n p o H 3 H o m e H n a 3Byica [p] b s t h x cjioBax.2 P. M. A b a h e c o B, PyccKoe numepamypme npou3nouiem

218 A. BAH

B jiHHrBHCTHHecKOM JiHTepaType 3 to t Bonpoc 3aTparnBajicH c pa3Hbii Tone« 3peHHH. B paHHHX paöoTax no 4>OHeTHice HBJieHHe accumhjihthbhoro cmhpiìhhh HCc^eflOBajiocb b cbh3h c ynoTpe6.neHneM \isrKoro 3HaKa]. C KOHua XlX-ro BeKa b ueHTpe BHHManHsi Hccjie^oBaTejiefí 3Toro «BJieHna ctohjt Bonpoc 06 aicycTHKO- KaT ôojibuuoH n pa3Hoo6pa3- Hbiü MaTepHaji. B hhx y»ce ÆaBHO ycTaHOBJieHo, hto b npoH3HouieHHH coniacHbix

nepea MarKHMH corjiacHbi ah Haôjno jaiOTCíi SHaHHTejibHbi ' K0Ji;6aHHsi, h s t h KOjreôaHHa CBHsanbi c npoueccoM coKpai±(eHHH accHMHJiHTHBHoro CMarneHHH b

coBpeMeHHOM pyccKOM H3biKe. OAHaKO cneuHajTbHOH paôoTbr, b KOTopoii 6bi 0606- majiHCb oTAeJibHbie HaÔJiioaeHHH na ochobî .aeTajibHoro H3yHenHH h aHajiim

cnjiouiHoro »3biKOBoro MaTepnajia, noica eme HeT. TaKHM 06pa30M, M0H0rpa(J)H- MecKoe H3yHenHe .aaHHoro hbjichhh 0Ka3bi3aeTca aKTyajibi biM h BecbMa uejieco- o6pa3Hbivi.

ripH Bbioope HCXOÆHblv TeOpeTHHeCKMX n0J10>KeHHH, npHeMOB HCCJie l̂OBaHHH, oöbeMa h KanecTBa H3ynaeMoro MaTepnajia ætih ocBemeHHH Bbi5paHHOH tcmm

m m pyKOBOÆCTBOBajiHCb TeM, hto no3HUHOHHaa MarKOCTb (b HauieM cjiynae accH-

MHJiflTHBHaa) TecHO CBH3aHa c (J)OHO^orniiecKOH KaTeropHeii mhtkocth. ri03T0My HeOÔXOflHMO H3y^HTb KaK (J)H3HlieCKHe, TaK H CTpyKTypHbie CBOHCTBa aaHHOrO

K M H n , 1903; P. KoiuyTHfi, yna3anaH paôoma; A. B. E o r o p o j i i i u K » « , flua.ieKmo.toeunecKtie 3aMemKu V i l . K dua.1eKmo.1m uu oôufepyccKoeo npou3Hoiuemin: o CMmuemtu coe.iacrtbix nod e.iuH- Hiie.u c.iedyioiijux mmkux coe.iacHbix, Cn6., 1906; ü . H. y m a k o b. PyccKa.i opçfioonit.H 11 ee 3at)aiu, c6. «PyccKaa peMb», Bbin. 3, 1929; E. O. K a p c k h H, Pyccxa.H dua.ieKmo.w¿u». JL, 1924, erp. 42; Tpa.uMamuKa pyccKoeo hìuko, Mia. AH CCCP, 2-e M., 1960; P. H. A b a - h e c o b, y K a3 a iin an p a ô o m a ; „ C.weapb-cnpaeonH itK " h a p y r n e . Cym ecTByeT p o u 0p03riHHecKnx

paôoT, onyÔ JinK O B am ib ix b H anaae BeKa, KOTopbie h m o io t TOJibKO hc tophm cckoc* 3HaneHHe, h n 0')T0My m u o h h x He ynoM H H aeM .

3 Cm. paôoTbi: A . H. T b o 3 a e b, K eonpocy o cucme.\ie

ACC M M M JIH TM B H O E C M flrW E H H E B K O H C O H A H T H b lX C O H E T A H M flX 219

h OTHOiiieHHH npouecca yTpaTbi hx k o6uteH CHCTeMe TBepabrx-MaricHX corjiac-HbíX (¡)OHeM.

B HacToameñ CTaTbe H3JiaraioTca Bonpocbi, cBa3aHHbre c nepBoii npoGjieMoñ.

BTopoii npoô^eMe 6yaeT nocBameHa OTÆejibHaa cTaTba.

OaKTHHecKHM MaTepwajioM juih H3yneHHa peryjiapHOCTH m HeperyjiapHOCTH,

CTeneHM h ccjjepbi ynoTpe6;ieHHa accuMHJiHTHBHO CMarneHHbix comacHbtx nocny-

5KHJIH aaHHbi;, nojiyneHHbi; b pe3yjibTaTe cjiyxoBoro aHajiH3a MarHHTO(j)OHHoñ

3anHCH BblCTynjieHHÍÍ 14 ÆHKTOpOB — KOpeHHbIX MOCKBHHeH, BJiafleiOIUHX JlHTepa-

TypHHvi MOCKOBCKHM npoH3HoiueHHeM . PaôoTa 6buia BbinojiHeHa b ohcth-

MecKoii jiaôopaTopHH M T Y noa pyKOBoacTBOM aoKTopa ()DHJiojiorHHecKHX HayK

npoij). Ka(j)eflpbi pyccKoro a3bi¡m M T Y K. B. TopuiKOBOH. KpoMe 3Toro, 6h jih

Hcnojib30BaHbi aaHHbis aHKeTbt, BbinojiHeHHOH CTyjieHTaMH pyccKoro OT^ejieHHa

M r y no „BonpocHHKy no coBpeMeHHOMy pyccKOMy JiHTepaTypHOMy np0H3H0-

ujeHHK),, (H3fl-BO A H CCCP, M ., 1960 r .); aaHHbie Hauinx Ha6.nio,aeHHH Ha# coBpe- MeHHOH pycKoìi peMbio, a Taicace flaHHbre cjioBapen, yneÒHbrx nocoÒHH h oxgejibHbix

CTaTeii.H a ocHOBe npe/iBapHTejibnoro H3ylienHH HMeioiueroca nayM noro MaTepnajia,

H3yMeHHH HCTopHH pa3pa6oTKH Bonpoca h npeflBapHTejibHoro 3KcnepHMeHTa 6bi;ia

onpeae^eHa nporpaMMa HccneflOBaHHH BbiòpaHHoro aBJieHHa.

B MHCJio HCC^eayeMbtx corjiacHbix 6bi.au BKjnoneHbt Bce Te corjiacHbfe, koto- pbte b pa3Hbtx coneTaHHHX Koraa-jiHÖo no.ziBepra.nHCb accHMHjiaTHBHOMy CMar- MeHHK). 3 th corjiacHbie no.aBepr.nHCb 3KcnepHMeHTy b 93-x coneTaHHax THna [t + t ’] b cocTaBe nsTHCOT cjioB. KojiHHecTBO HccjieayeMbrx cjtob fljia Kaacaoro coneTaHHa on peaejia jiocb npeanojiaraeM oñ Ha ochobc cjioBapH oro MaTepnajia nacTHOCTbio aaHHoro coneTaHHsi b jieKCHKe pyccK oro a3biKa. iip n stom — no Mepe bo3m o )k-HOCTH -- yHHTbIBajlHCb (|)OHeTHHeCKHe H MOp(})OJTOrHHeCKHe yCJIOBHfl GblTOBaHHH

AaHHoro coneTaHHH corjiacHbix1. Taio ie Kax: nojioacenne coneTaHHa b Hanajie cjioBa, b cepeflHHe cjiOBa, nocjie pa3Hblx rjiacHbix; BHyTpn KopHa, Ha CTbiKe npe- (|)HKca h KopHM, Ha CTbiKe npezuiora h 3HaMeHaTejibHoro cjioBa.

O ioB a 0T06paHbr t3khm 06pa30M , h to ò m 3HajiH3HpyeMoe c jio b o , coaep>Kainee aaHHoe coneTSHHe corjiacHbix, M orjio 6birb conocTaBJieHo c o cjioBaMH, m e 6btJi 6bf COOTBeTCTByK)U(HH TBep/JblH H MaTICHM COrjiaCHblH, C TeM, HTOÖbf Ha OCHOBe cjiyxoB oro aHajiH3a ycTaHOBHTb, 3BynnT j ih nepBbfH corjiacHbrñ b rpynne [t + t ’] KaK [t ’] HJiH icaic [t] HJiH o6pa3yeT TpeTHii BapwaHT npoH3HomeHHa. Taicoíi conocT a- BHTeJlbHblH CJiyXOBOH aHajlH3 aaeT B03M0>KH0CTb pa3JIHHaTb KpoMe TBepflOrO H MarKoro 3BynaHHa h nojiyMaricoe. nojiyMarKOCTb, kohchho, noHaTHe ycjioBHoe, OHa MO)KeT oöbeflHHHTb b ce6e lu h p o k h h aHana30H HBJieHHfi o t TBepaoro h a o MarKoro 3BynaHHfl. KpnTepHii, Ha OcHOBe KOToporo ayziHTopbi BbUejisuiH nojiy- MHTKOCTb B OTflejIbHOe (|)OHeTHHeCKOe CBOHCTBO, 3T0 — HeCOBnaaeHHe flaHHOrO 3BynaHHa hh c TBep/ibivi, hh c MarKHM.

CocTaBjieHHbiw no TaKOMy npHHUHny M arepna/i 6biJi npoHHTan iteTbipnaaua r(.K)

AHKTopaMH h 3anncaH Ha MarHHTOtJ)OHHyio JieHTy. ^HK Topw 6 m jih OTOòpaHbi H3

HHCJia CTyaeHHecKOH M0Ji0ae>KH h HHTejrjiHreHUHH h npeacTaBJia^H M ojioaoe h

cpeflHee noKOJieHHe m o c k b h h sh . n p n npoBeaeHHH SKcnepHMeHTa Mbi pyKOBOfl-

1 r i p n HccjreflOBaHHH ryÖHbix co rn acH b ix ynoM anyT b ie npnH ijn rib[ m u m o m h ynecTb TC'JibKo MaCTHMHO (06 3TOM CM. Ha CTp. 2 24 ).

220 A. BAH

CTBOBaJIHCb 061HHMH FipH H U H naM H (j)OHeTHHeCKOrO 3K C nepH M eH T a, O IlHCaH H blM HB Kiinre B. A. ApTeMOBa „3KcnepnMeHTa;ibHaa (j)OHeTHKa„ (M., 1956).

CjiyxoBoii anajiH3 3anncanHoro MaTepHajia npoBo.aH.nca c ynacTiicM Tpex

ayanTopoB, cneuHajiHCTOB no ÆHajieKmnorHH pyccKoro a3biKa, HaTpemipoBannbK

b c-riyxoBOM aH a jiH 3 e a n a iieK T H O H penn.

VACTOTHOCTb A CCHMHJIfl TH DH O TO CMHTHEHHH CO Tfl ACH bl X B COBPEMEHHOÜ PyCCKOÜ PETII, CTETlEHb CMHTHEHHOCTI1 11 C&EPA EE YflO TPEEJIEHMH

ripn mynenHH pacnpocTpaneHHH h CTeneHH ac:H.viH;iaTHBHOH viarKOCTH connac-

Hbit — KaK 06 3TOM mm yace ynoManyjiH — CbMn pa3o6paHbi Bce thüm kohco- HaHTHhK COHCTaHMH, B KOTOpblX nO flaHHbIM yKa3aHHbf< paÖOT KOr^a-TO ÖblJia

3apsrHCTpHpoBiHa MarKOCTb nepBoro corjiacHoro 3B/Ka b npeaeJiax onpeaeJie.nibt'i

coneTaHHH corjiaciibK. Mbt He KocHyjiHCb TOJibKO Tex H3 noTeHunajisno B03M0)KHbix

KOHCOHaHTHbtX COHSTaHHH, KOTOpblî aBJIHlOTCa M1J1 DilpOÆyKTHBHbl AH HJIH COBSe.MHe B C T pena iO T ca b j i s k c h h ^ c k o m co cT aß e p y c c K o r o J i i iT e p a T y p H o ro S 3 b ic a . B paccM o - TpeHHH npO H 3H O ineH H H 6b I3 IU H X aCCHMHJIHTHBHO C M H P iS H K bH c o r a a c u b ix Ö y fleM

c jie flO B aT b b o ; h o 3 : i o m n o p a a s y T im o s c a ^ T a H n i i , æ ih ib U H a c r p a r m a x 216— 217.

1. « ryfiiioH corjiacHbiii + mhi k iiü ryÖHon corjiacjibiü ».

T y Ò H b ie corjiaciibie b co n e T aH H a x c m j i t k h m i i ryônbiMH c o r n a c H b iM H b jieKCHKe

coBpeMeHHoro pyccKoro a3biKa npeacraBjreHbt cjiaôo, b HeôojibuiOM k o j ih h c c t b c

CJ10B. O cO Ö eH H O pe flK O MO>KHO HX BCTpeTHTb B KOpHeBbrx M O p([)eM ax , H 3TH pe ^K H e

cjiynan HacTO orpaHHHeHbi cjiOBaMH HHoa3bMHoro npoiicxo>K,aeHHa. Gjjepoii H cno jib -

30B3HHH COHeTaHHH 3 T 0 r 0 T H n a flBJiaeTCH, rjiaBHbl.l 0 6 p a 3 0 M , MOpcJjOjIOrHHeCKHH

CTbiic, a H M eH H o CTbtK KopHsi h n p e f lic o p H e B u x M op4>eM , n p e a n o r a h 3 naM eH aT e jib-

Horo cjioBa1.

M 3 KOHCOHaHTHbtX COHCTaHHH 3TOrO T H na B flaH H O H p a ß O T e He 6b IJIH 3aTpO-

HyTbi pe flK O H c n o J ib 3 y e M b i: c o n s T a H H a KaK: [m + m '] , [ri -f n ’], [6 + 6’j 2, [m + + . b ’], [n + b ’] h [n + í » ’]- n o f lB e p r j iH C b H cc jie a o B U H H io c o H e T a m ia : [b + b ’],

[4> + ct>’], [b + 6 ’], + n ’], [(J) + m ’], [G + B ’], [6 + m ’], [m + 6 ’] h [m + KeHHii nepea mhtkhmh ryÔHbiMH b coBpeMeHHOM

pyccKOM H3bi(ce b oanHx cjiyH.iax np0H3H0CHTC/i TBepflo, b apyrHX cjiynaax MoryT

CMarniTbca: oôbi iho ohh HMeioT HeSoji^inoe cviarneHHe, to ecTb nojiy.MarKOCTb 3.

„CjTOBapb-cnpaBO'iHHK,, cH.iTaeT HopMofi Tsepaoe np0H3H0inenHe ryÔHbix coniac-

1 Ochobhoh MHHHueñ Bbicmero nopsflKa, b KOTopoft HCCJieaoBajiocb H3yiaeMoe siBJieHHe, aB.ineTca kc He H3yHanHCj>.

3 H cozw uaK O B ad c re n e n b CM arneriHü pa^H bix c o r ia c H b tx n o a b jih h h h c m c to h u ih x 3a h h m h M»rKHX c o raacH b ix OTMCMCua M nor^\ m HCCjreaoaaTeaaMH 3 b v k o b o íí cHCTeMbi pyccKoro «sbuca. C m . p aôo T b i: B. K u t e p m a h , WasaiiHasi paôoma, trrp. 326; A . B. B o r o p o a h u k h ft, K duaMKmoAozuu oôiifepyccKoeo npoinnoiiteiiu.i..., e r p . 2S1— 294 ; P . M . A B a H t c o s , Pyc- cKoe AumepamypHoe npouinoiucnue, CTp. 80. M b i T o x e y ô s a H iH C b b t o m , h t o ripn i i iy n e n n K accn- MHajîTHBHoro CMHrneHHH, KpoMC T B e pao ro h M a rK o ro npoH3HomeHHJi caeayeT, p a 3;nm aT b h n o iiy M arK o c npon3H om eH H e (cm . n a e r p . 2 19 ).

ACCHM HJI«THBHOE CMflTHEHME B KOHCOHAHTHblX COHETAHHflX 221

HbIX B 3TOM nOJlO^KCHHH. CMHTHeHHOe npOH3HOUieHHe peKOMeH^yeTCH JlHlHb ßjlfl 3ByKa [b] b coneTaHHH [b + b ’], h oho flonycKaeTCH Taicwe b coneTaHHH [b + m ’] b ripe,riejiax cjiob pee.ufi a ausmh l .

H a a o 3aMeTHTb, hto b paHHHX paSoTax npoc|)eccopa P. M. AßaHecoBa h sGju o - ^aeTCH öo jibu iee npe^noHTeHne MarKOMy npoH3HomeHHio ryÖHbix corjiacHbtx b

COHCTaHHaX C MSirKHMH ryÖHbIMH 2.

CorjiacHbie [s] h [([)] b coneTaHnax [b + b ’] h [([) -)- cjs’], o6pa3yioiUnxcH o 6 m h h o Ha CTbiKe KopHH h npe(j)HKca hjih n pe a jio ra h 3HaMeH3TejibHoro cjiOBa 3, Bcer^a

HMeiOT MarKOCTb, 3Ta M»rKOCTb y hhx KoapTHKyjiauHOHHaa. Hsnöojiee THnHHHM.vi cjiynaeM m o 5kho CHHTaTb (J)y3H0HH0e npoH3HoiueHHe 3thx ßßyx ojiHHaKOBbix 3ßyKOB

KaK o a h o na/iaTajii-noB'-iHHoe uejioe: [e:’]?pumb, [e:’ite\cmu, [e:’]me, [e:’]eKe\ [(fi:’u\- zype, [cß:’]iLib.\te, [(film ane h np . (eeepumb, eeecmu, e eme, e eexe; e (ßuzype, a (ßu.ibMe, e cßuHdAe h np .). /JoMHHHpyioiUHM 0Ka3aji0Cb yKa3aHHoe npoH3io iueHHe.

Y HeKOTopbrx ^HKTopoß npn 3aMeflJieHHOM TCMne penn m o k h o BCTpeTHTb n T3K0H THn npOH3HOUieHHJI, npH KOTOpOM, ÖJiarO/iapfl MeHblUCH (])y3HOHHOCTH np0H3H0uieHH5i, np0H3B0flHTcsi aKycTHHecKoe BnenaTJieiiHe c H eoan opoanoñ crene- HbK) CM5irH::HHH. ÜO OÔlHCHeHHHM ayflHTOpOB, B nepBOH (}>a3e flOJirOH apTHKyjiaUHH MsirKocTb TOJibKo He3H3HHTejibHafl, h „nocTeneHHO,, k KOHuy apTHKyjiHumi OHa nepexoflHT b n o jiH jio MarKOCTb. TaKoe npoM3HoiueHne v b i HaönioaajiH, rjiaßKblM 06pa30M , Ha CTbice npeaJiora h 3HaMeH3TejibHoro cjiobs (o6o3HanaeM 3H3KaMH [B B '] h cj>'] ) ; [B B ’Jhhc, \"B’]eKe, [9'0']una.ie, ^’]u:uxe n np. (e eme, e aexe, e (fiunane, e (fiinuxe h np.).

B npOH3HOUISHHH ÎIByX Æ H K T O p O B , HaïUî B OÖHXOJIHOH pa3rOBOpHOH pSHH CTyaeHHecKOH m o jio ü o k h (bhpom îm s th flßa jiHKTopa TOJKe o th o c h tc h k Hwcjiy

CTyaeHHSCKOH M0Ji0ae>KH), v b i Haö.nio.n'iJiH TeH^eHuviio k o n p o m .’HKio 3 thx „/iboh-

HbiKeHHH BocnpHHHMajiocb KaK nojiyMarKOCTb

( m m o6o3HaMaeM 3H3K0M [b ]): [b m 'Jecme, [e-.u^ue, [eM’äjmb, [e-M’e]py, [e-M’jenme

H ap .

1 Cm. cjienyiomne peKOMenaauMH „CjiOBapa-cnpaBOHHHKa” : aeedeuuc [BbBb], eeepx eeecmu [BbB,‘] (crp. 63), mbmh [aon. B^M“] (cTp. 248), peexm [aon. B'M1] (cTp. 506). Ajtsi ocTa.ib- Hbix ryßnLix corjiacübix b coneTaHHAX c mrtkhmh ryÖHbiMH MnrKocTb He pcKOMcmiOBana. Cm. cjioßa: o Ö M e p (CTp. 324), e \ t e m m b (crp. 76), « o e j i c a n i b (cTp. 63) h np.

2 P. M. A b a h e c o b, Pyccxoe .wmepamypHoe npoumoiuemie, C T p . 79—81.3 O i e j i y e T O T M e n rn > , s t o coM eraH H C [(}> +

222 A. BAH

3 t o t 5ice corjiacHbiii b coneTaHHH [b + 6 ’] np0H3H0CHJiea c hbhmm npeo6jia-

aaHueM TBepaoro [b], Mcxoah H3 hhcto 4>OHeTniiecKMX coo6paakho

rOBOpHTb TOJlbKO C TOHKH 3peHHH aKyCTHHeCKOTO BneHaTJieHHH. ApTHKyjiaiIHOHHO,

b cjiynae nponycKa nepBoro sjieMeHTa coneTaHHK [(})+ n ’], 3KCKypcHH apTHKyjumHM

3ByKa [n’] npeauiecTByeT MrHOBeHHaa, noHTH He3aMeTHaa 0T0flBH>KKa HHKHeii

ry6br k BepxHHM 3y6aM. H o, He cm otp» Ha s to , np0H3B0flHTca TOJibKO [n]-o6pa3- Hoe aKycTHHecKoe BnenaTjieHHe. B SKcnepHMeHTajibHOM MaTepnajie — KaK 6mjio noKa3aHo Bbiine — yKa3aHHaa 0C06eHH0CTb c o c ra B J ia e T HHHTO>KHbiH n p o u e H T , 0/iHaK0 b pa3roBopHoìi peHH CTyaeHHecKOH m o jioac^h — oco6chho npw 6mctpom

ee TeMne — HaM nacTo npHxoiiHJiocb cjibiuiaTb nponycK nepBoro 3jieMeHTa He

TOJibKO b coneTaHHH [cf> + n ’], ho h b coHeTaHHH [b -f 6 ’]. rioBHZiHMOMy aaHHasi

0C06eHH0CTb CBfl33Ha C TeMnOM peHH.CorjiacHbiii [(})] b coneTSHHH [ + m ’], npeacT3BjieHHOM bo BHyTpHMop(j>eM-

hom nojio)KeHHH b BecbM3 y3K0M Kpyry jickchkh HHOH3biHHoro npoHcxoatiieHHa, b ycTax flHKTopoB rop33no nauie 3ByH3Ji CMarneHHO, neM TBepao: pulc/Ì M ^ e , a p u - [$ M ‘]e m u K a h np. B neKOTopbix cjiynsax b cjioBoc})opMe p w f> M e syaHTopbt 3TOMy 3ByKy npnnHCbiBajiH nojiH jio MarKOCTb.

3ByK [6] B COHCT3HHH C [ b ’J, K O T O pb lii 0 6 bIHH0 BCTpeH3eTC5I H3 CTbiKe KOpHH H

np e f lK o p H e B b ix M op4>eM , b 3K cnepH M eH T 3 jibH O M M S T ep w a jie n o K a3 b iB aeT n e c T p y io

1 ripe + n ’] b o m h o t h x c jiOBax BbiaenaeT ca TO.'ibKO 3t h m o j io runecKH .

ACCHMMJIHTMBHOE CM HE4 EHHE B KOHCOHAHTHblX COHETAHHÜX 223

KapTMHy. KaK MsiEKoe, TaK h TBepzioe npoH3HomeHHe ripe;icraBJieHo npn6jiniHrejTbno b oflHHaKOBOH Mepe, ho CMarneHHe h 3,necb, 3a HCKJilOHeHHeM cjioBocjjopMbi Aiolà ’e ’] U B npOH3HOU]eHMH flByX ÄHKTOpOB, TOJlbKO He3HaHHTejlbH0e, TO eCTb nojiy- MarKoe: /uo[6 e ’}u — Aio[6e ’]u, o[6 e ’ojt] — o[6e ’oA], o[6'eue]cmu — o[6e ’ue]cmu, o[6'6 ’]uHHmb — o [óa ’]uHKe, orpauHMeiibi BHyTpHMOp(J)eMHbIM nOJIO>KeHHeM B HeÒOJlblUOM Kpyry JieKCHKH HHOa3bIHHOrO npoHcxoacaeHHa. OcoöeHHO Ha/io BbiaejiHTb coneTaHHa [m + 6 ’] h [m + n ’], b KOTopbix 3ByK [m] itohth y Bcex flHKTopoB 3Bynaji Marico, b HeKOTopbix cjiynaax 6biJia 3a(J)HKCnpoBaHa ay^nropaMH h n ojw aa m hekocib : 6o[M'6 ’]e (BCTpemnocb h óo[M ’6 ’]eX uà da[M'6 ’]e (BCTpeTHjiocb h uà da[M’6 ’] e ) , Aa[M /i’]e (name aq[m 'n ’]

224 A. EAH

MarKOCTt ry6Hbix corjiacHbix nepe/i mhtkhmh ry6HbiMH corjiacHHMH He ripe/icrau- JlHeT C060ÍÍ KOHCTaHTHOTO OTHOUIiHHH B 3TOH HSCTH KOHCOHaHTH3Ma pyCCKOrO a3biKa. Ho Me^JieHHblí xevin yTpaTbt accHMHJiauHH ry6nM< coniacHbK no Mar- KOCTH, nOBHAHMOMy, oGljaCHaeTCa apTHKyjiaUHOHHOH 6jIH30CTbK> flaHHblX COHe-

raeMbu 3ByKOB, y kotopmx OTTeHonHoe CMarH2HHe b óojibuiHHCTBe cjiynaeB hocht KoapTHKyjiHUHonHbiH xapaKTep. CaM npouecc yTpaTbi üaHHoro aBJieHHa, Kaic 06 3TOM rOBOpHJIOCb BblUie, 6e3yCJIOBHO HajlHUO. iJejTO B TOM, OÜHaKO, HTO TpyaHO

ycTaHOBHTb KaKne-TO oco6bi; 3aKOHOMepHOCTH OTHOCHTejibHO c([)epbt 6brroBann5i MHrKOCTH ryÓHbt í corjiaciibu b stom nono>KeHHH h HanpaBjieHHH npouecca yTpaTbi

ee. PIpaB^a h to , h to CTpyKTypHbi: oco6chhocth eoneTaeMOCTH ryÓHbix corjiacHbix C MSIPKHMH ryGHblMH COrjiaCHM vIH OrpaHHHHJlH HailIH B03M05KH0CTH B npoBeaeHHH

BcecToponHero Hccjie^OBanna c yneTOM onpeAejieHHbrx (J)aKTopoB (JjotieTHHecKoro,

MopKHO npHHHCJIHTb: MaJIOnpOAyKTHBHOCTb COHCTaHHa flaHHOrO THna; H TO, HTO

O/IHH COHeTaHHa BCTpenaiOTCH HCKJlíO’ÍMTejIbHO HJIH TJiaBHbtVl 06pa30M Ha CTbIKe

Kopua h npetJ)HKca hjih Ha cTbi.

A C C H M H Jlf lT K B H O E C M flrW E H H E B K O H C O H A H T H b lX C O H E T A H H flX 225

.mero i\mcHoro no ero BejiapHOCTH h nsjiaTajibHOCTH ne 0Ka3aji0Cb peryjiapHbiMHyCJlOBHflMH, CBHfleTe^bCTByiOUXHMH O H3J1HHHM HJIH OTCyTCTBHH aCCHMHJlHTHBHOH

MarKOCTn cornacHbix.

2 . « r y ö i i o i i c o r . i a c H b i ì i + m h i k i i ì ì 3 a , iH e i ie ó i ib iH c o u i a c i i b i i i »

CoHeTaHHfl ryÖHbix c mhfkhmh 3aaHeHe6HbiMH corjiacHbfMH em e cjiaôee pac- npocrpaHeHbl, neM coHeT3HHH ryÔHbix c MflrKHMH ryÔHblMH. I l o HMeiomHMCfl b pyCCKOM 5I3bIKe 3aKOHOMepHOCTflM COHeT3eMOCTH 3ByKOB XUIH COHeTaHHa flaHHOrO THna M05KH0 ycTaHOBHTb cjieaytouxHe cjiynaH: [6 + r ’], [b + r ’], [m + r ’], [n + k ’], Ì4> + k '], [m + k ’], [n + X’], [(j) - f x ’], [m + x '] . M3-3a nx Majionpo/iyKTMBHOCTH coHeTaHHH [6 + r ’], [n + x'] h [m + x ’] He HccjieaoBajincb.

TjiaBHOH c r é p o n öbiTOBaHna coneTaHMÌi TpaKTyeworo Tuna hbjihctch hjih CTblK KOpHH M Cy(j)4)HKCa (3TOT CTbIK MOJKeT Gblrb H 3aTeMHCH), MJ1H CTblK npiiCTaBKH h KopHH, a Taioxe npe^Jiora h 3HaMeHaTejibHoro cjioBa.

ryÒHbie corjiacHbie nepe/i mhpkhmh 3aaHeHe6Hbivui, k3k yKa3biBaioT optJ)o- 3nnnecKHe pa6oTbi, npHHaTO npoH3HocHTb TBepao. CMiirneHHoe hx np0H3H0ineHne, KaK cBOHCTBeHHoe CTapoMOCKOBCKOMy CTaH/iapTy pyccKoro JiHTepaTypHoro npon3- HOlUeHHH, CHHTaeTCa He0p(|)03nHHeCKMM 1.

Ho HaKon.neHHbiii h3mm MaTepwaji CBHAeTejibCTByeT o tom, 'ito ryÒHbte corjiac- Hbie h b 3TOM nojioìKeHHH MoryT npno6peTarb H3BecTHyio CTeneHb CMarneHH», KOHeHHO, TBepaoe np0H3H0LueHHe npeo6;iaziaeT Haa mhjtkhm. Bce ace cpe^H ryÒHbix coraacHbix BbwejiajiHCb 3ByKM [n] h [$], KOTopbie b coneTaHHHX [n + k ’] h [(j) + K’] B C0CT3Be T3KHX CJ10B0(})0pM K3K1 Uia[ìVK ’]u, eu[nK’]ue, Ao[(p-K']ue, B npOH3HOLUeHMM 6o^biuHHCTBa AHKTopoB 3By4anH c nojiyMHrKocTbio. JIioSonbrrHO, hto yK33aHHbre corjiacHbiî b tom ace nojio>KeHMH b cocT3Be apyrwx c/ioBocj)opM (k3k aci[$k’]«,

/o[«k’]h h np.) TOJibKO b eflHHHHHbix cjiyHaax rip0H3H0CMJincb mhtko tcmh vKe flHKT0p3MH. Pe^KO CMHTHSJIH OHM M 3ByK [m]. CMHrweHHoe npoH3HouieHwe corjiscHoro [m] na6jiK)ii3Jiocb b cjiob3x: ce[Mme’]u, ne[M-K'}u, ko [m k’]u (ceMeu — y 5, jteMKu — y 6, KOMKU — y 4 æhktopob). B cjioBe x e Cauzun 6bi.no 33(|)hkchpob3ho TOJIbKO TBep^Oe npOH3HOUieHHe 3ByK3 [m],

3ßyK [b] b coHeTaHHH [b + r '] b HeKOTopbix c^yiaax cMsirMajicH b c^OBax [e ¿ ’]uó h [e e ’]uóamb. Bo Bcex ocTajibHbix cjiobsx comacHbiii [b] 3ByH3Ji TBepao.

n o H3ineMy HaSjiiofleHHK) Haa penbio aicrepoB TeaTpoB (3a HCKjnoneHHeM

cjiynaeB, Kor/ia aamibrit aKTep co3HaTejibHo CTpeMHTca k STOMy), paflHOflHKTopoB

m T. a-, coBpeMeHHOH nyöJiHHHOH penn He cbohctbchho CMîirHeHHe ryÒHbtx connacHbix

b 3TOM nojio^KeHHH. HaM npnxoflHjiocb BCTpenaTb T3KHX npeflCT3BHTejieii CTspuiero

nOKOJieHHH MOCKBHHeH, KOTOpbie B OÔHXOXIHOH p33rOBOpHOH peMH H3CTO CMKrHälOT

TyÒHbie corjiacHbie, iiaxo/iamHeca ne peu matkhm iaziHeneÔHbiM (HanpnMep, b

■cji0B0(j)0pMax ce[M’e']u, uia[n'«■’]«, pw^u’K^u), ho b nyöjiHHHbix cbohx BbicTy- JlJieHHflX B /I3HH0M nO^OaceHHH npOH3HOCHT TBepflblH ryÓHOH (ce[Mz’]u, UialriK^U,

Pw[mk’\u).

1 C m . p e jc o M e H a a u H H , ,C j i0 B a p « -c n p a B 0 H H H K a ” k c o o T B e r c T B y io m H M cnoB aM c c o w e ra n iiM M • « r y Ö H o ß - f M s r K H i i 3 a a H e H e 5 n b ii i » . y > K e r.O. B m o K y p n p o H 3 H o u ie H H a h[m'k']u, de[(ß'K']u, Kopo[n'K']u c M u rK H M H [.«’], [$'] [«’] o u e H H B a e T K a K H B H o e y c r a p e a o e n p o H 3 H o m e H H e . C m . T. O . B H H O K y p , PyccKoe cifCHUHecKoe npouinoiuenue, M., 1948, C T p . 64.

35 _ 1003

226 A. BAH

TaKHM 06pa30M, BCTpenaiomeeca h ceiinac CMarneHHoe npoH3HoiueHHe ry6-

hmx corjiacHbix b coneTaHHax Twna «ryÒHoii + Manen« 3aaHeHe6Hbiñ» mohcho

oueHHTb KaK cjieflbi cTapoíí HopMbi, cyiuecTByromeii h b HacToamee BpeMa b ceMeü-

Hbix TpaüHUHax. 3 t o cMarneHHe cna6o oco3HaeTca roBopamuMH. B 3KcnepHMeH- TajibHOM MaTepHajie, B3aTOM b uejiOM, okojio 40 npoueHTOB aaHHbix 3aKeHHH.

MHorne m coneTaHHH aaHHoro THna, KaK [fl + b ’], [æ + m ’], [t -f b'], [t + m ’],

[3 + 6 ’], [3 + b ’], [3 + m ’], [c + n'], [c + b ’], [c + m'] oôjraaaiOT öojibiuoH nacTOT- HOCTbK), noaBJiaaCb B pa3JIHHHbIX (j)OHeTHHeCKHX H MOp(¡)OJIOrH4eCKHX ITOJIO'/KeHMHX.

BcTpenaioTca, kohchho , coneTaHHa, npe/iCTaBjieHHbie cjiaöee, KaK HanpHMep,

[t + 4>’J, [c + BCTpenaiomeMca Ha CTbiKe ripezuiora h 3naMeHaTejibHoro cjioBa. H e CM aniajica

jaKHce corjiacHMH [h] b coneTaHiiax [h + b’] h [h + (J)*]. B npoii3HomeHHii Heßojib- u io ro HHCJia ahktopob corjiacHbie [t] h [a] b coneTaHHax [ t+ b ’] h [æ+b*] Bcipena- JiHCb h B MarKOM BĤ e, ocoöem io b cjiOBax: [ d ’e ’] e p b , [ m - e ’o ] p d b iü , [d-ß ’] ? , M e [ ö e ’] e d b , e e [n r e ']u , ho Ha CTbiKe KopHa w npe(J)HKca h jih npe jiJ io ra h 3HaMeHaTejibHoro cjioBa cviarncHHe fljia 3ByK0B [t] h [a] TaioKf* He 3a(J)HKCHp0BaH0. Em e pexKeHHeM AaHHbix coneTaHHH Ha pa3Hbix. CTbiKax Mop4)OJiorHHecKoñ cTpyKTypbi cjioBa.

1 „C jiOBapb-cnpaBOHHHK” , CTp. 687.

ACCKMHJiaTMBHOE CM5ÍTHEHME B KOHCOHAHTHblX COHETAHMHX 227

C o r jia c H b ie [c] h [3] b con eT aH H ax [c + n '] , [c - f b ’], [ c + c|j’], [c + m ’], [3 + 6 ’] , [3 + b ’] B npOH3HOineHHH BCex flHKTOpOB CM arHajlHCb, eCJIH He B OAHOM CJICÍBe, t o b .iip y roM . M a m e B c e r o , k o h c h h o , o h h np0H3H0CHJiHCb M a r e o He Ha CTbiKe K o p u a h npecj)H Kca h jih r ip e /iJ io ra h 3H aM eH aT ejibH oro cJiOBa, H anpH M ep, [c’n ’]una, [c'n'[u~iKa, [c$’]e¡n, [c‘Ii'H£fOTCa H am e B3PW B- HblX.

4 . « 3 y 6 n o f i + M H rKH ii 3 y 6 if0 i í c o i . ia c H b ii i »

3 y 6 H b ie corjiacHtií b coneTannax c MarKHMH 3y6HbiMH b c T p y K T y p e p y c c K o r o

a3HKa npe^CTaBjieHbr b G o j i b u i e ñ M e p e , h :m pa3Ebie c o n e T a n n a r y G H b ix corjiacnbix

1 Cm. cTaTbio H. C. HjTbHHCKoi í h B. H. C H f l o p o B a , O cijemmecKOM npointio- uieiiuu e mockobckhx meampax, c6. «B onpocb i KyjibTypbi penM» Hzu. AH CCCP, M., 1955, CTp. 685— 687.

228 A. BAH

c ryÖHbi.MH corjiacHMvH, h flaace 6ojibme, msm coHeTaHna 3yÖHbix c mhtkhmh ryö-

NUMH. ßOJIblUHHCTBO COHeTaHHH 3TOrO THna BCTpenaeTCH KaK BHyTpH MOp({)eM,

TaK h Ha Bcex CTbiKax Mopt{)eM. (HcKJiioHeHHeM mo>kho cHHTaTb coneTamiH [fl + fl'],

[t + t ') , [t + c], [fl + 3 ’] h (h + h ’], cijiepa CbiroßaHHa KOTopbix 6ojiee orpaHH- neHa). Mx M05KH0 BCTpeTHTb B nanajie, B cepeflHHe h b KOHue cjioBa b jiioSom 3By-

KOBOM OKpyxeHHH.

3y6nbie con iacH bi; b consTaHHHx c mhpkhmh 3y6HbiviH xapaKTepn3yioTca o t - HOCHTejIbHOH nOCJieflOBaTeJIbHOCTbK) aCCMMHJIHTHBHOrO CMHrHCHHH, KOTopoe npn- H5ITO CHMTaTB o6fl3aTejiBHoii npHHaflJieacHOCTbio pyccK oro jiHTepaTypHoro npOH3- HomeHHH. HcKJiK)Henne cocTaBJisioT corjiacHbie [t] h [a] b coneTaHHsix [ t + c ’] m [fl 4- 3 ’], a raioKe b coneTaHHax [t + j i ’] h [fl 4- j i ’] Ha CTbisce KopHH h nocjieKop- HCBbit Mop

ACCHMHJI.HTHBHOE CMATHEHHE B KOHCOHAHTHbIX COHETAHMHX 229

MO>KeT HajIHHeCTBOBaTb MJ1H OTCyTCTBOBaTb, OflHaKO Ha npeflKOpHeBblX MOp(j)OJIO- rHHecKHx cTM.cax h Ha cTbiKe n p efljio ra h 3HaMeHaTeJibHoro cjioBa oô m h h o h c t hh a(])(j)pHKauHH HH mshtcocth: np0H3H0CHTC3 o [m c ’ h 'J6/?, n o [m c ']e / i, a , m e 3To t CTbiK 3aTeMHeH, BCTpenaeTCH HHoma h a(|x|)pHKauHH, h CMflrneHHe, HanpHMep, t ip e / if ’ c ’] e à a m e jib .

B coH îT aH H H X flB yx o flH H aK O B b ix c o r j ia c H b ix , b t o î î M e p e , b Kaia3e A O J ir o S

apT H K y jT suH H . H a n p H M e p : Ma[c:’]e, [ c : ’] « ^ , cmpa[H\’]wKe 6 b iJ iH m h i- k h m h . H a n p H M e p : o [m : ’]e H O K ,

no[m\’]eub, o[d:’)eAbHo, no[d\’]eAamb h A p . I I o m h m o S T o ro o ô b iH H o r o n p o w 3 n o - rneHHH H a n p e f lK o p n e B b ix M 0 p e } )0 J i0 rn iiecKHX CTbiKax h H a cTbtKe n p e f l i i o r a h

3 H a M e H a T e jib H o ro c j io B a , n a ô ju o n a j i a c b TenfleHUHH k M eHee M a rK O M y n p 0 H 3 H 0 -

u ie H H K ) 3 a T B o p a 3 t h x a o j i t h x B 3 p b i3 H b ï< c o r j ia c H b u , H a n p H M e p , no[a.'JX^eAamb, Hû[ff f f ’e]peeoM h n p . 3 t o « B i ie n n e b S o jib U JO H M e p e 3aBHCHT o t T e w n a p e n n h

o n p e f le jia e T C fl a r r jn o r H H H p y io m H M x a p a K T e p o M co 'ieT aeM o cT H 3ByKOB H a n p e fl-

K O p H e B b lX M 0p4)0J10rH HeCKH X CTbt,

A. BAH

HaKoneu cjieayeT CKa3aTb o npoH3HoiueHnn 3ByKa [h] b coneTaHHax [h + c ’]

h [h + 3 ']. CMarneHHe 3ByKa [h] b 3Tmx coneTaHHax BCTpeiajiocb nacTO, ho b pa3Hbix cjioBax oho npoaBJiaeTca n0-pa3H0My. PeryjiapHo CMarnajica [h] b cjioBax nen- çuh h poMüHCUK. B npeaejiax ocrajibHbu HccjieAOBaHHbix h3mh cjiob npeoÖJiaaaeT

TBepaoe npoH3HotueHHe SToro 3ByKa.

noKa3aTejibHbi b 3tom o thou ichhh h aaHHbn aHKeTbi: H3 90 nejioBeic 58 chh-

T3K)T, HTO OHH CMHT4aiOT COrJiaCHblìÌ [h] B CJIOBe WHCUH. B flpyrHX CjioBax OT-

BeTOB c MarKHM [h] ropa3flo MeHbuie: b cJiOBe eon3umb — 25, b cjioße >xe Koncepebi

— 18.

H3Jio>KeHHoe Bbime pa3Jin™ e b npoH3HouisHHH co rjia cH o ro [h] b coneTaH nax

[H + c ’] H [h + 3 ’] B03M0>KH0 CBH3aHO C XapaKTepOM JieKCHKH, B KOTOpOM BCTpe- naiOTca flaHHbie coneTaHHa. ÆeJio b to m , h t o K pyr 3 th x cjiob oneHb y3KHH, h b

ßojibiiiHHCTBe cjiynaeB s t o — cjioB a HHoa3biiHoro nponcxoacAeHHa, pa3Hbie no BpcMCHH npoHHKHOBeHHH b jieKCHKy p yccK o ro «3biKa h pa3JiH4Hbi2 n o ynOTpeÖH- jeJibHOCTH. BepoHTHO n03T0My aBTopbi „CjioBapa-cnpaBOHH HKa,, b o a h h x cjiy-

Maax peKOMeH/iylOT, b a p y r n x ace He peKOMeHAyiOT cM arn eiw a 3Byica [h] b 3 tom

nojioaceHHH.

CorjiacHbiä [h] b coneTanHH [h + j i ’] hh pa3y He CMarnajica.

5. «3yÖHoii corjiaciibiu -f- (h’) hjih (u i:’)»

3y6Hbte corjiacHbie MoryT BCTynaTb b coHeTamia c corjracHbiMH [h’] h [lu:’]

TOJibKO b orpaHHMeHHbrx cjiynaax. Bßn/iy Toro, h to BHyTpn coneTaHHii [t + h ’],

[c +.V ] h [c + u j: ’], icpoMe ynofloöJieHHsi cooTBeTCTByiomux 3yÔHbix corjiacHbix

no MHrKocTH, npoTeicaioT h H3MeHeHiia Apyroro nopaAica, s th coneTaHHa ocTaB-

Jieubi 3a npeaejiaMH HccjieAOBaHHa. TaKHM 06pa30M, Mbi noABepniH SKcnepnMeHTy

TOJibKO coHwTaHHa [h + h ’], [h + u i : ’], o6pa3yiomnecH npeHMymecTBeHHO Ha CTbiKe

Cy(j)(})HKCOB -HUK-, -UfllK-, -HUlfCl-, -llfUljü- H KOpHH C KOHeHHblM [h], H COHeTailMe

[t + ui:'], Kor/ia oho noaBJiaeTca Ha CTbtKe npe(J)HKca w Kopua hjih npeAJiora

h 3HaMeHaTejibHoro cjioBa.

B 3TOM nojiO/KeHHH cKHTaeTca HopMOH MarKoe npoH3HouieHne 3ByKa [h].

B coneTaHHH [t + u i : ’], Koraa He npowcxoAHT cjiHanna AByx 3ByK0B, cMarneHHoe npoii3HouieHHe 3ByKa [t] He peKOMeimyeTca. 1

Bce 6e3 ncKJiioiieHna AaHHbie o npoH3HouieHnn roBopamnx cBHAeTejibCTByior

o CMarHSHHOM npoH 3H ouieH H n c o r j ia c H o r o [h] b iiojio/Kchhh nepea 3ByKaMH [h ’ ] h [w.']\Ko[H’u ’\amb, ko[h’̂ ’]uk, no[H'h’]u:Ke [t] b coneT an H H [t + u i : ’] , xoTa oh no aicycTHHecKOMy BnenaTJieHHio b ycTax OTAeJibHbtK ahk topob He c o B iia A a ji c cootbctc tbv io iuhm TB epubiM [t], Bce-TaKH Hejib3a 6 b iJ io Ha3BaTb e r o CManieHiibiM: o[miu:'u]nnymb, o[mui:’]e/iu olimu.^yKu h Ap.

1 „ C jio B a p b -c n p a B O M H H K " . c T p . 687. Cm. TaM ace p eK O M eH n au H H O T H o cH T ejib H o n p o M H o ' uieiiHii cjiob omufenumb, omu/ynamb h a p . Ha C T p . 367.

ACCHMMJIflTMBHOE CMflTHEHHE B KOHCOHAIITHblX COMETAHH5IX 231

6. «ryÖHOH if.in 3yönoii coi .iaciihiii + [j] (fi])»

Bee ryÔHbie h 3yÔHbie corjiacH bie M o ry T coneTaTbca co 3ByKOM [j] ([i]), 11 K aac floe co ne T aH H e s T o r o r a n a npeacTaBJieHO b jieKCHHecKOM co cT aB e p y c c K o r o j iH T e p a T y p H o ro a3MKa 1.

,ZI,jiíi Bcex ryÔHbix h 3yÔHbix corjiacHbix b coneTamiHX c [j] ([1]) BHyTpn Kopua H Ha CTblKe KOpHfl H nOCJieKOpHeBMX MOp(])eM 0p(])03nHMeCKHM ClIHTaeTCH Mfll KOC

npoH3HomeHne. CMarneHHoe npoH3HomeHHe flonycKaeTca fljia [b] h b flpyrnx nojioaceHHHX. Rua 3ByKOB [c] h [3] >Ke Ha kohhc npHCTaBOK c-, u3-,pa3- h npeflJioroB c, U3, uepe3 (ecjiH s to t nocjieflHHH 6e3yaapHbiii) MarKOCTb flaace peKOMeHflyeTca 2.

Pe3yjibTaT npoBeaeHHoro 3KcnepHMenra h /ipyrax HaiiiHX HaÖJUOfleHHä no-

Ka3aji, HTO b npoH3HomeHHH ryÔHbix h 3yÔHbix corjiacHbix b nojKmeHHii nepefl

[j] ([j]) MeHbuie Beerò Ha6jiK>,naeTca otkjiohchhh o t HopMbi. B MaTepnajie SKcnepn-

MeHT^ y B cex flHKTopoB b HccjieflOBaHHtix H3MH c j io B a x Bee ry6iibi; h 3y6nbie

corjiacHbie b stom noüo>KeHHH BnyTpn KopHa h Ha ctmkc Kopua h nocjieKopHeBbix

MOp(j)eM npOH3HOCHJIHCb M5IFKO (b ÓOJIbUIHHCTBe CJiy'íaeB c nOJlHblM CMHrHeHHCM),

HanpiiMep, [ó’jy], [n’]y\, [e’jy], ce[M'ja], cma[m’]d], cy[d’}a], koao[c’ìt>], òpy[i’]u},

Ko[n’]aK], BOpo[H’jo] H flp.

HacTO CMarnajiHCb c HeßojibuiHM CMarneHHeM 3ByKn [b], [c] h [3] h 11a CTbiKe KopHa h npeAKopHeBbix Mopc])eM h flaace Ha CTbiKe npefljiora h 3HaMenaTejibHoro

cjioBa: [(i je]j() (hjih [b’ je]3zi), pa[3-je]xamb (hjih \)á[¡’\c]xamb), 6e[3-)y'\Mopa

{hjih 6e[3 jy]Mopa).CorjiacHbiii [6], xoTa h cjiMiuajica co CMarnenneM, o6m iho 6binan tbcp/imm:

o [ó}e]xcim b (pe>Ke o[6 \ exam b), o[ó\ue]e jieH ue (pe»e o[6 i u e] e jie i iu e ) , o[6 ]o m \ (pe»e o[ô }om\) h ;ip.

3ßyKn [t] h [a] na CTbiKe n p e f lK o p H e B b ix Mopc[)eM h Ha CTbiKe npefljiora h

3HaMeHaTejibHoro cjioB a np0H3H0CHJMCb TBepflo: o[m je\ 3d, o [ m je ] x a m b , n o [d j e]3Ò, no[d]d\AKoü h np.

7. «Cor.iaciibiii [p] + m hikhh ryÖHoii, 3yöiioü, [h ’], [u i:'] h [j] ([i])»

C o r j ia c H b i i i [p] MO/KeT H a x o zw T b c a b c c ïe T a H H H c jt 105 b iv i c o r j ia c H b iM 3By-

KOM . I I p H 3T 0M M O Ä H O yCTaHOBHTb C Jie fly iO IItH e OCHOBHM2 COHOTaHMJi: «[p] + M «r-

K iiß r y Ö H o i i» , «[p] + M arK H H 3 y 6 H o i i» , «[p] + M » , «[p] - f [ in : ’] » h «[p] + [j]

([ i] )» . C t j je p a 6b iT 0B aH H H s r a x c o ^e T a H iiH o rp a H H H S H a BHyTpHM op coneTaHHÜ yK a3aH H oro r a n a . H e c t o h t

3a6biBaT b eme h t o , h t o MHorne H no s ib iw H tie c jio B a ö b i j in a aan T H po B a iib i c s t h m coH eram ie M (HanpHMep, oóbeKm, cyôbeKm, KoitbXK h ap.).

s « C jio B a p b -c n p a B O H H H K » , C T p . 690.

232 A. BAH

ryÓHblMH H 3y6HbIMH, KaK npaBHJIO, npOH3HOCHTCa TBepflO, («JIM B HeKOTOpblX

cjiynaax c nenojiHbiM CMHrltenneM)„ '. Tanoe ace onpe/iejienHe mm HaxoaHM h a jí si

coneTaHHH [p + h ’] h [p + m : ’]. CMarneHHoe npoM3HoxueHHe corjiacHoro [p] nepea

MHTKMMH rySHbíMH H 3y6HbIMH npOíj). P. M. ÁBaHeCOB B paHHHX cbohx pa6oTax

Toace He peKOMeHAyeT b Ka^ecTBe HopMbi, ho b HeKOTOpwx cjiOBax oh Bce-ace

CHHTaeT B03M0KH1IM CMarteHHe 3ByKa [p] B yK a3aH H b IX nOJTOaceHHaX. . . 3 t o

o6biiiHo He cneuH(J)H4ecKH KHHacHbie, jiHTepaTypubie cjiOBa, a cjiOBa o6hxoaho-

6biTOBoro H3biKa, HMeiomHe npw stom noa yaapeHHeM nepea [p] rjiacHbiñ [e]„ 2. B KaiecTBe npHMepoB oh npnB0flnT cjiOBa: IJepMb, eepcfib, uepeu, nepeeHeit, cMepntb,

cMepM, cepdumcH. FlpotJ). P. H . ABaHecoB aonycKaeT TaKace cMarneHHe [p] nepea

[ui:’] s. O np0H3H0iueHHH 3ByKa [p] nepea [j] b ,,Cji0Bape-cnpaB0HHHKe„ OTaejibHO

He roBopHTca. HMeeTca b hcm o6mee onpeaejieHHe, Kacaiomeeca npoH3HomeHHH

corjiacHbix nepea 3ByKOM [j]: ,,Bce corjiacHbie, KpoMe [ui] h [ac], nepea tbk Ha3bi-

BaeMWM ,,pa3flejiHTejibHMM„ b (b ycTHoñ peiH nepea ñ), npoH3HocaTca MarKo,,4 „

ho b cji0BapH0M MaTepHajie Be3ae aaHbi cjiOBa c TBepabiM [p] nepea [j] 5.

B MaTepHajie, HaKonojieHHOM Ha ochobc 3KcnepnMeHTa h apyrwx Ha6zno-

aeHHÍt, M05KH0 pa3JlH4aTb TpH TJiaBHblX CJiyHaa OTHOCHTejlbHO TBepflOCTH-MJirKOCTH:

3B yK a [p ] n e p e a M a rK H M H c o r jia c H b iM H : 1. n o jio a c e H H e n e p e a [ j L 2 . n e p e a c o r jia c H b iM H

[h ’] h [ lu : '] 3 . n e p e a M a rK H M H r y 6 H M M H h 3 y 6 H b iM H .

3ByK [p] nepea [j] ([i]) peryjiapHO CMarnajica: cbi[p’jo], Ka[p jep], 6a[p ')ep\ H np. HaCTO npOH3HOCHJICa 3ByK [p] C H3BeCTH0ÍÍ MHTKOCTbK) H B COHeT3HHHX [p

-f h ’] h [p + u j : ’]. r ip n 3tom cjieayeT OTMeTHTb, hto b nojioaceHHH nepea [m 'J

TBepaoe npoH3HomeHHe 3ByK3 [p] BeTpeHajioeb name MarKoro, nepea [ui:’] CMar-

neHHoe »ce ero npoH3HomeHHe «bho npeo6jiaaa.no. B cjiOBax cMepu, eepuenue, AapuuK TBepaoe [p] npeo6jiaaa.no, b cjioBe óopiq 3ByK [p] Bceraa CMarnajica, r cjiob3x ace Hamypiyuya, ceapu/UK, uaóopufm h ap. Mareoe [p] BCTpe^rsjiocb na me TBepaoro.

n epea MarKHMH 3y6HbiMH h oco6chho nepea MarKHMH ry6HbiMH CMarHeHHe

3ByKa [p] yace BecbMa pe/iKoe aBjieHHe 6. MarKOCTb ají a [p] b 3thx nojioaceHHax

6biJia 3a(f)HKCHpoBaHa y Heóojibiuoro HHCJia ahktopob TOJibKO b HeicoTopbix cjiOBax KaK: CMepmb, nepmu, «epcun, cepdumca, eopdumcn, eep3UAa h nepau.

B CBa3H c H3y4eHneM accHMHJiaTHBHoro CMarneHHa b K0HC0HaHTHbix cone-

TaHHax, m h npoBejiH SKcnepHMeHT He TOJibKO c coneTaHHaMH asyx corjiacHbix,

a h c co4eTaHHaMH Tpex hjih neTbipex corjiacHbix, KaK, HanpiiMep: [ct + b ’], [hct

+ b ’], [p c t + b ’] h ap . 3aecb HeT MecTa noapo6Ho H3jioaciiTb Bce Bonpocbi, CBa-

3aHHbie C HX H3yneHHeM. floCTaTOHHO CKa3aTb TOJIbKO TO, HTO B peHH AHKTOpOB^

ynacTBOBaBuiHX b 3KcnepHMeHTe, h apyrnx onpomeHHbix jih u , cooTBeTCTByiomne

rpynnbi corjiacHbix nepea MarKHM corjiacubiM, 3a HCKjiiOHeHHeM oaHoro-aByx cjiynaeB, np0H3H0CHjiHCb TBepao.

1 „CjiOBapb-cnpaBOHHHK” , cTp. 688.

2 P. M . A s a H e c o B , Pyccxoe .iitmcpamypnoe npomiiouieniie, CTp. 91.3 C m . TaM * e , cTp. 92.4 „CjiOBapb-cnpaBOHHHK” . CTp. 690.6 C m . TaM xe peKOMeHüaiiHH OTHOCHTejlbHO npoH3HomeHHH cjiob cbipbe (CTp. 578), xapbep

CTp. 212) h ap.6 rioKaiaTe.nbHbi b 3tom othoiuchhh h aaHHbie aHKeTbi. B tbkhx c^OBax, KaK uepmu, xop-

HUme.H H3 90 OTBeTOB TOJIbKO 10 H 5 6bIJlH CnOMeTOÜ MHTKOCTH 3ByKa [p], B TO BpCMfl B CJIOBe {fionapuiuK 6onbm e nonoBHHbi otbctob 6bma c mhtkhm [p’].

ACCMMHJlflTHBHOE CMflTMEHHE B KOHCOHAHTHbIX COHETAHMflX 233

O Ein ME BbIBOJJbl O n POH ÌHO 111 EH IM COrjlACHblX FIEPEff MHTKHMHCOTJIACHbIMM

C TOHKH 3peHMH peryjiapHOCTH h HeperyjiapHocTH accHMHJiaTHBHoro CM5ir- MeHHJi paccMaTpHBaeMbie corjiacHbie jiejiaTca Ha cjiejiyioiHHe rpynr.bi:

1. CorjiacKbii c Han6ojiee peryjiapnbiM accHMHJiaTHBHbiM cMsirnenHeM (o6miiho

c nojiHbtM cMflrneHHeM). TaKHMH mokho cHHTaTb cjieayiouiHe corjiacHbie 3ByKn:

ryÖHbie, 3yÖHwe c o r j ia c H b ie h [p] b nojioaceHHH nepea [j] ([i]) b KopneBbix MopcJ)e-

Max h Ha CTbiKe KopHa h nocjieKopHeBbix Mop(j)eM 1; „flBOHKble,, corjiacHbie [b+b'],

[4)+

ao jiro h cjiHTHo. CorjiacHbie 3ByKH [t] h [a] b coveTanHflx [t + h ’], [æ + h ’]; 3ByKH

[c] H [3] B CO'fôTaHHaX [c -KT’] h [3 + f l’] B KOpHeBblX MOp4>eMaX H Ha CTbrKe KOpHa

h nocjieicopHeBbix Mop4>eM; 3ByK [h] b coneTaHHax [h + t ’], [h -f a ’], h + h ’] h

[h + ui:*].

2 . CorjiacHbie 3ByKH, accHMHJiaTHBHaa MjirKOCTb KOTopbix 6biTyeT e m e b cob"

peMeHHOM 5 k h b o m pyccKOM a3WKe, h o OHa He BbmepacHBaeTca nccjieflOBaTejibHO-

B oziHHx cjiynaax a b h o npeoöJiajiaeT CMaineHHoe npoH3HoiueHHe (name nojiyMar- Koe), KaK b coneTaHHHX [ b + m ’], [4)+n’], [ M + n ’], [ 4 > + m ’], [ m + 6 ’], [ 6 + m ’], [c + w’],

[c+ b ’], [3 + b ’], [c + Ji'], [3 -f Ji’], [c + h '] h [3 + h ’]. K 3TCH rpynne OTHOcaTca TaK>Ke coneTaHHfl [b + j] , [3 + j] , [c + j] Ha ciWKe KopHa h npejiKopHeBbix Mop^eM

h coMeTaHHe [p + u i: ’]. B apyrnx cjiynaax npeo6jiaaaeT TBepAoe npoH3HcuieHHe: ryÖHbie corjiacHbie nepea MarKHMH 3a,aHeHe6HbiMH, [6] nepea [ b ’], [6] nepeji [j]

Ha cTbiKe KopHH h npejiKopHeBbix Mop

234 A. BAH

b pojin BapHaHTOB cjiaóbix no TBepaocTH-MflrKOCTH (J)OHeM). B Tex cjiyHaax, rae b aaHHMx HeìiTpajiH3yeMi>ix onno3HUHHx, napsmy co cMarneHHbiM, cocymecTByeT h TBepAbiH BapnaHT npomHomeHHH, nepea h3 mh oTHomeHHH cB oóoflH oro BapbH- poBaHHH cooTBeTCTByioiiiMx ({)OHeM. .Hjih cnyHaeB >Ke, rae cTano bo3m o>khhm tojiì>ko TBepaoe npoH3HoiueHHe corjiacH bix nepea mhtkhmh corjiacHbiMH, m u ynoTpe6jiaeM TepMHH HeflH(J)(J)epeHUHpoBaHHbrii no TBepaocra - mìitrocth BapnaHT aaHHbix co r - jiacHbix (j)OHeM.

B pe3yjibTaTe Hccjie/joBanHH noaTBepzwiiocb y»ce H3BecTHoe b HayHHoii jih - TepaType MHeHHe o to m , h to ojihhm H3 rjiaBHbix peryjiaTOpoB accHMHJiHTHBHoro CMarneHHH HBJiaeTca MopfJjonorHHecKHH CTbl.< kophh h npeaKopHeBbix Mop4>eM, npe,a;ioroB h 3HaMeHaTejibHbix c jiob . K STOMy Mbf MoaceT aoòaBHTb t o , *ìto s t o peryjiHpyioiuee BJiHSHHe ynoM fliiyibix ctm kob HBnee npoHBjiaeTca b oSjiacTH B3pbi- BHbix corjiacHbix ( 0C06eHH0 3y6Hbix) h MeHee hbho b cjiynae (JjpHKaTHBHbix co r - jiacHbix.

Cpe/IH pa3HbIX (j)OHeTHHeCKHX yCJIOBHH Ba)KHeHLUHM {j)3KT0p0M aCCHMH-

jiHTHBHoro CMiirHeHHH HBjiHeTCfl KanecTBO nocjieayiomero corjiacHoro c tohkh

3peHHa Mecfa ero 06pa30BaHHH. OcTajibHbie cf)OHeTHHecKHe ycjioBHH, Taicne, KaK

KanecTBO nocjieayiom ero corjiacHoro c tohkh 3peHHH cnoco6a ero o6pa30BaHHH,

KanecTBO npe/ibinymero rjiacHoro no ero BejiapHocTH h najiaiajibHocTH h np.,

MoryT c4HTaTbca pery/iflTopaMH accHMHJUiTHBHoro CMarneHHH TOJibKO b c/ihhhh-

Hbix cjiyMaax. Ho KaK M0pcj)0Ji0rn iiecKHe, TaK h (J>oHeTHHecKne 4>aKTopbi b onpejie- jieHHbix cnynaax noflHHHeHbi JieKCHKO-ceMaHTH'iecKHM tj)aKTopaM, TaKHM, KaK otho-

uieHHe cjiob, b K0T0pbix npeacTaBJieHbi xiaiinbie coieTaHHS, k onpeaejiennoMy

njiacTy jickchkh, k onpeaejieHHOMy c th jiio peHH.

B 6 0 JibUJHHCTBe cjiynaeB npoH3HoweHHe c o r j ia c H b rx b no jio a ceH H H nepea

MHTKHMH corjiacHbiMH He npO TH BOpeH H T CymeCTByiOmHM 0p

ACCM MHJlin'HBHOE CMSrHEHW E B KOHCOHAHTHblX COHETAHIliIX 235

dupà lucràrile de fonetica $i de ortoepie rusfi apàrute la sfìrsitul secolului X IX si la Inceputul secolului XX , a existat fenomenul inmuierii asimilative a consoanelor respective.

In prezent, se constata cà ìnmuierea asimilativà se mentine consecvent numai intr-o anu- mità sferà a grupurilor consonantice de tipul aràtat. Acest fenomen fonetic arata, in generai, o tendinea de restringere, manifestata fie in rostirea exclusiv durà a consoanelor asimilativ inmu- iate anterior, fie in existen^a unor serii de dublete cu §i fàrà ìnmuierea consoanelor respective.

In categoria grupurilor de consoane, in care ìnmuierea asimilativà (in generai Ìnmuierea este totalà) se mentine iji in limba actuala vorbità, intrà labialele, dentatele ?i (r) in imbinarea cu (j) in cadrul radacinilor §i la ionctiuiH'a radàcinii cu morfemele postradicale; „consoanele duble" ca (f 4 - f’) (v -f v') (t + t ’), (d -f d’), (s + s’), (n + ri’) in màsura in care eie sint rostite lung sau cu o ocluzie lungà ; grupurile de consoane (t + n’), (d + n’) (s + t ’), (z + d’) in cadrul radacinii §i la jonc^iunea ràdacinii cu morfemele postradicale; grupurile de consoane (n + t'), (n 4- d’), (n + 6 ’) ?i (n + s:’)

In categoria grupurilor consonantice, in care limba rusà vorbità in prezent nu mai cunoa?te Ìnmuierea asimilativà, intrà : |t + p ’], [d 4 - b ’], [t + f’] ; grupurile [t + v'], [t + m']. [t + 1’], [d + V], [d + m ’], [d -f 1’], [t 4- j]. [d 4- j] la jonc^iunea ràdacinii cu morfemele anteradicale §i la jonc^iunea cuvintului §i a procliticii (a prepozitiei) grupurile de consoane [n 4 - f’], [n4 - v ’] si [n 4 - !’]• La aceastà categorie se pot adàuga §i diferite imbinàri ale lui [r] cu consoane labiale 5 1 dentale moi.

Intre aceste douà extreme mai existà o categorie a grupurilor de consoane, in cadrul càrora coexistà atit forma ìnmuiatà, cìt $i cea durà a consoanelor respective (Ìnmuierea in generai este partialà). In cazul unor grupuri, forma ìnmuiatà incà predomina, ca de ex., in imbinàrile [v 4- ni’], [f 4 - p ’j, [m 4 - p ’], [s 4- p ’]. [s 4- v ’l etc. In cazul altor grupuri, rostirea durà predomina, ca, de ex., in imbinàrile de tipul „labialà 4 - velara moale“ ; in grupurile [t 4 - v’], [t 4 - m ’], [d 4 - v ’], [t 4 - 1 ’], [d 4 - 1 '] in cadrul ràdàcinilor ?i la jonc^iunea radàcinii cu morfemele postradicale etc.

ìnmuierea asimilativà in grupurile de consoane este irelevantà pe pian fonologie, iar in cazul dubletelor menzionate avem de a face cu variala liberà (facultativà) a fonemelor consonantice respective.

Autorul ajunge la concluzia cà, in majoritatea cazurilor, rostirea consoanelor, in pozitie preconsonanticà moale, corespunde regulilor ortoepice existente. Existà totu$i — dupà pàrerea autorului — ?i unele reguli ìnvechite, ca, de ex., rostirea Ìnmuiatà a grupului consonantic [st] $i [nst] ìnaintea lui [v’], ìnmuierea lui [t] si [dj inaintea labialelor moi §i inaintea lui [1 ’].