Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners

Tÿ Òiãn Song Ngª D‡nh Cho Nhªng Ng‹©iTÿ Òiãn Song Ngª D‡nh Cho Nhªng Ng‹©iTÿ Òiãn Song Ngª D‡nh Cho Nhªng Ng‹©iTÿ Òiãn Song Ngª D‡nh Cho Nhªng Ng‹©iTÿ Òiãn Song Ngª D‡nh Cho Nhªng Ng‹©i

Mßi HÜc Tiâng Anh Nh‹ NgÙn Ngª ThŸ NhÏMßi HÜc Tiâng Anh Nh‹ NgÙn Ngª ThŸ NhÏMßi HÜc Tiâng Anh Nh‹ NgÙn Ngª ThŸ NhÏMßi HÜc Tiâng Anh Nh‹ NgÙn Ngª ThŸ NhÏMßi HÜc Tiâng Anh Nh‹ NgÙn Ngª ThŸ NhÏ

English/Vietnamese

Anh/ViåtAnh/ViåtAnh/ViåtAnh/ViåtAnh/Viåt

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

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1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.

2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.

3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81

3. Common irregular verbs 82

4. Times 84

5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85

6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with

the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb

with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with

the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with

(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no

control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning

abbrev abbreviationadj adjective

adv adverb

colloq colloquialism

colloq phr colloquial phrase

conj conjunction

det determiner

int interjection

n noun

phr v phrasal verb

prep preposition

pron pronoun

prt v present tense verb form

pt v past tense verb form

v verb

iii

a – afterwards

Adet a/an mm∂∂ttn ability kkhh‰‰ nnÊÊnngg

ablev 1. be able to ccÛÛ tthhãã ll‡‡mm ggÏÏ ««ÛÛadj 2. talented ccÛÛ kkhh‰‰ nnÊÊnnggn Aboriginal person nngg‹‹©©ii TThh∞∞ DD‚‚nn

about adv 1. approximately kkhhoo‰‰nngg cchhÿÿnnggprep 2. concerning vvää ((aaii,, cc··ii ggÏÏ))

aboveprep 1. over ccaaoo hh÷÷nnphrase 2. the example above tthhÌÌ dd¯̄ ™™ ttrrÍÍnn ««‚‚yyadj absent vv°°nngg mm••ttadv absolutely ttuuyyåått ««””iin accent ggiiÜÜnngg,, ttrrÜÜnngg tt‚‚mmv accept nnhh∆∆nnadj acceptable cchh√√pp nnhh∆∆nn ««‹‹ÆÆccn accident ttaaii nnÂÂnnadj accidental ttÏÏnnhh cc©©v accompany ««ii cc˘̆nnggn account tt‡‡ii kkhhoo‰‰nn,, bb‰‰nn bb··oo cc··oov ache ««aauu nnhhŸŸcc v achieve hhoo‡‡nn tthh‡‡nnhhn achievement ssøø tthh‡‡nnhh ttøøuuprep across ttÿÿ bbÍÍnn nn‡‡yy ssaanngg bbÍÍnn kkiiaav act hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nngg n activity hhooÂÂtt ««∂∂nnggn actor ddiiÕÕnn vviiÍÍnnv add cc∂∂nngg tthhÍÍmm n addition ssøø bb∞∞ ssuunnggn address ««ŒŒaa cchhÃÃn adjective ttÌÌnnhh ttÿÿ

admitv 1. tell the truth about tthhÿÿaa nnhh∆∆nnv 2. allow to enter cchh√√pp nnhh∆∆nn aaii vv‡‡oov adopt (take on) ttiiââpp nnhh∆∆nn ((cc··ii ggÏÏ)) nnhh‹‹ cc˚̊aa rriiÍÍnngg mmÏÏnnhhn adult nngg‹‹©©ii llßßnnn advantage llÆÆii tthhâân adventure pphhiiÍÍuu ll‹‹uun adverb ttrrÂÂnngg ttÿÿn advice ll©©ii kkhhuuyyÍÍnnn aerobics tthhãã dd¯̄cc nnhhŒŒpp ««iiååuun aeroplane mm··yy bbaayyv afford ccÛÛ ««˚̊ ((ttiiäänn bbÂÂcc,, tthh©©ii ggii©©))adj afraid ssÆÆprep after ssaauun afternoon bbuu∞∞ii cchhiiääuuadv afterwards ssaauu ««ÛÛ

1

again – argue

adv again (one more time) mm∂∂tt ll¿¿nn nnªªaaagainst

prep 1. next to ss··tt bbÍÍnn prep 2. anti cchh””nngg llÂÂii n age ttuu∞∞iiadv ago cc··cchh ««‚‚yy ((tthh©©ii ggiiaann))v agree ««““nngg öö

aidn 1. help ssøø ggii˙̇pp ««´́v 2. help ggii˙̇pp ««´́ v aim (try) nnhh°°mm vv‡‡oon air kkhhÙÙnngg kkhhÌÌn airport pphhii ttrr‹‹©©nnggadj all (every) tt√√tt cc‰‰v allow cchhoo pphhÈÈppadv alone mm∂∂tt mmÏÏnnhhadv aloud llßßnn ttiiâânnggn alphabet bb‰‰nngg cchhªª cc··iiadv already ««„„...... rr““iiadv also (too) cc¤¤nnggconj although mm••cc dd˘̆adv altogether tt√√tt cc‰‰adv always lluuÙÙnn lluuÙÙnn prt v am *see be n ambulance xxee ccŸŸuu tthh‹‹÷÷nnggn amount ss”” ll‹‹ÆÆnnggn amphibian xxee ll∂∂ii nn‹‹ßßcc,, ««∂∂nngg vv∆∆tt ss””nngg ttrrÍÍnn ccÂÂnn ll≈≈nn dd‹‹ßßii nn‹‹ßßccv analyse (study) pphh‚‚nn ttÌÌcchhconj and vv‡‡ n angle (mathematical usage) ggÛÛccadj angry ttŸŸcc ggii∆∆nnn animal tthh˙̇ vv∆∆ttn ankle cc∞∞ cchh‚‚nnadj annual hh‡‡nngg nnÊÊmm

answern 1. reply cc‚‚uu ttrr‰‰ ll©©iiv 2. reply ttrr‰‰ ll©©ii adj any bb√√tt ccŸŸ ((cc··ii ggÏÏ))adv anymore kkhhÙÙnngg hh÷÷nn nnªªaapron anyone bb√√tt ccŸŸ aaiipron anything bb√√tt ccŸŸ cc··ii ggÏÏadv apart (separate) cc··cchh nnhhaauun apology ll©©ii xxiinn llááiiv appear (come into view) xxuu√√tt hhiiåånnn apple qquu‰‰ tt··oon appointment cc··ii hhÀÀnnprt v are *see be n area vv˘̆nngg,, kkhhuu vvøøccv argue ttrraannhh cc„„ii

2

argument – autumn

n argument ll©©ii ttrraannhh cc„„iiv arise pphh··tt ssiinnhhn arm (part of body) cc··nnhh ttaayyn army qquu‚‚nn ««∂∂iiprep around qquuaannhh qquuƒƒnn,, ««ÛÛ ««‚‚yy,, cchhÿÿnngg

arrangev 1. put in order ss°°pp ««••tt cchhoo ccÛÛ tthhŸŸ ttøøv 2. make plans tthhuu xxââppv arrest (take into custody) cchh∆∆nn bb°°tt v arrive ttßßii nn÷÷iin arrow mm¤¤ii ttÍÍnnn art nngghhåå tthhuu∆∆tt n artist nngghhåå ssÔÔ,, hhÜÜaa ssÔÔ adv as (to such a degree) cc¤¤nngg nnhh‹‹n ash ttrrooadj ashamed xx√√uu hh∞∞v ask hh’’iiv assemble ll°°pp rr··pp cc··cc bb∂∂ pphh∆∆nnn assembly ccuu∂∂cc hh∂∂ii hhÜÜppn assignment (for school) bb‡‡ii ll‡‡mmv assist ttrrÆÆ ggii˙̇pp n assistant nngg‹‹©©ii pphh¯̄ tt··prep at ttÂÂiipt v ate *see eat n athletics ««iiäänn kkiinnhhphrase athletics carnival ««ÂÂii hh∂∂ii ««iiäänn kkiinnhhn atom nngguuyyÍÍnn tt∫∫v attach cc∂∂tt

attackn 1. fight ccuu∂∂cc tt√√nn ccÙÙnnggv 2. fight tt√√nn ccÙÙnngg

attemptn 1. try hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nngg tthh∫∫ cc··ii ggÏÏ v 2. try tthh∫∫v attend cchhÊÊmm ssÛÛcc,, pphh¯̄cc vv¯̄ n attendance ssøø ccÛÛ mm••ttn attention ssøø cchh˙̇ öö v attract tthhuu hh˙̇ttadj attractive hh√√pp dd≈≈nnn aunt nngg‹‹©©ii ddÏÏabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia ⁄⁄cc ÒÒÂÂii LLÆÆiiadj Australian TThhuu∂∂cc vvää ⁄⁄cc n Australian flag qquu””cc kkˇ̌ ⁄⁄ccn Australiana ÒÒÂÂii LL¯̄cc ⁄⁄ccn author tt··cc ggii‰‰n autumn mm˘̆aa tthhuu

3

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean ttrruunngg bbÏÏnnhhadj 2. ordinary bbÏÏnnhh tthh‹‹©©nnggv avoid ttrr··nnhhadj awake tthhŸŸccadv away mm√√tt ««ii,, hhââtt ««iiprep away from ™™ cc··cchh,, cc··cchh xxaaadj awful kkhh˚̊nngg kkhhiiââpppt v awoke *see awaken axe cc··ii rrÏÏuu

Bn baby bbÈÈ ss÷÷ ssiinnhh

backn 1. body part cc··ii ll‹‹nnggadv 2. opposite front mm••tt ssaauuphrase 3. give it back ttrr‰‰ llÂÂiin backbone xx‹‹÷÷nngg ss””nnggn background bb””ii cc‰‰nnhh n backpack tt˙̇ii ««eeoo ttrrÍÍnn ll‹‹nnggn backyard ss‚‚nn ssaauuadj bad xx√√uun badminton cc¿¿uu llÙÙnnggn bag bbaaoov bake nn‹‹ßßnnggv balance ggiiªª tthhÊÊnngg bb¢¢nngg n balcony bbaaoo ll÷÷nnadj bald ssÛÛii ««¿¿uu

balln 1. toy qquu‰‰ bbÛÛnngg colloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) gg••pp cc÷÷ hh∂∂ii//ddŒŒpp vvuuiin balloon qquu‰‰ bbÛÛnngg bbaayyn banana qquu‰‰ cchhuu””ii n band (music group) bbaann nnhhÂÂccn bangle vvÚÚnngg ttrraanngg ssŸŸcc ««eeoo ™™ cc∞∞ ttaayy n bank nngg‚‚nn hh‡‡nngg

barn 1. place to drink qquu··nn rr‹‹ÆÆuu v 2. stop from something cchh∆∆nn llÂÂiin 3. metal rod tthhaannhh ss°°ttn barbecue bbªªaa tthhŒŒtt nn‹‹ßßnnggabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare ttrr¿¿nn ttrr¯̄iin barrier rr‡‡oo cc‰‰nn n base (bottom) ««··yyn basin (wash) cc··ii tthhaauun basket cc··ii rr∞∞n basketball bbÛÛnngg rr∞∞

4

basketball court – bid

n basketball court ss‚‚nn cchh÷÷ii bbÛÛnngg rr∞∞bat

n 1. sporting equipment cc‚‚yy vvÆÆtt//cchh‡‡yyn 2. animal ccoonn dd÷÷iin bath tt°°mmn bathroom pphhÚÚnngg tt°°mmn battle ttrr∆∆nn ««··nnhhn bay (inlet) vvŒŒnnhh nnhh’’ abbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be xx‰‰yy rraa,, ss””nngg,, ll‡‡n beach bb„„ii bbiiããnnn beach towel kkhhÊÊnn tt°°mm bbiiããnnn beach umbrella dd˘̆ cchhee nn°°nngg ttrrÍÍnn bb„„ii bbiiããnnn beak mm’’

beam n 1. ray of light ttiiaa ss··nnggn 2. wooden plank xx‡‡ ggáán bean ««∆∆uun beard rr‚‚uu qquuaaii nnÛÛnn

beatv 1. win ««··nnhh bbÂÂiiv 2. hit ««··nnhhn 3. rhythm nnhhŒŒpp ««iiååuuadj beautiful ««ÀÀpppt v became *see becomeconj because bb™™ii vvÏÏ v become ttrr™™ nnÍÍnnn bed cc··ii ggii‹‹©©nnggn bedroom pphhÚÚnngg nngg˚̊n bee ccoonn oonnggn beef tthhŒŒtt bbÚÚpt v began *see beginv begin bb°°tt ««¿¿uun beginner nngg‹‹©©ii mmßßii hhÜÜcc hhoo••cc ll‡‡mm cc··ii ggÏÏv behave cc‹‹ xx∫∫n behaviour cc··cchh ŸŸnngg xx∫∫,, hh‡‡nnhh vvii,, hhÂÂnnhh kkiiããmmprep behind ««¢¢nngg ssaauun bell cc··ii cchhuuÙÙnnggv belong tthhuu∂∂cc vvään belt ggii‚‚yy tthh°°tt ll‹‹nnggn bench gghhââ dd‡‡ii bb¢¢nngg ggááv bend uu””nn ccoonnggpt v bent *see bendadj best tt””tt nnhh√√ttv bet cc·· ««∂∂adj better tt””tt hh÷÷nnprep between ggiiªªaa hhaaii hhoo••cc nnhhiiääuu ««iiããmmn bicycle xxee ««ÂÂppv bid ««√√uu tthh¿¿uu

5

big – boat

adj big ttoo,, llßßnnabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money tt©© ggii√√yy bbÂÂccn 2. account hhÛÛaa ««÷÷nn n 3. of a bird mm’’ cchhiimmn bird ccoonn cchhiimm

birthn 1. act of being born ssiinnhh rraaphrase 2. date of birth nngg‡‡yy ssiinnhhn birthday nngg‡‡yy ssiinnhh nnhh∆∆tt n biscuit bb··nnhh bbÌÌcchh qquuyy

bitn 1. small piece mmiiâânnggphrase 2. a little bit mm∂∂tt cchh˙̇ttpt v 3. *see bite

v bite cc°°nnadj black (colour) mm‡‡uu ««eennn blackboard bb‰‰nngg ««eennn blade ll‹‹´́ii ddaaoo

blamen 1. censure kkhhiiããnn ttrr··cchh v 2. lay responsibility with ««∞∞ llááiiadj blank ««ãã ttrr””nnggn blanket cc··ii mmäännv bleed cchh‰‰yy mm··uupt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see mm˘̆n 2. window covering rrËËmm cchhee cc∫∫aa n blindness ssøø mm˘̆ mm°°tt

blockn 1. child's toy bb∂∂ ««““ cchh÷÷ii ll‡‡mm nnhh‡‡ bb¢¢nngg ggáá hhaayy nnhhøøaa cc˚̊aa

ttrr»» eemm v 2. stop from doing something nnggÊÊnn cchh∆∆nnphrase 3. a block away cc··cchh xxaa mm∂∂tt kkhhuu pphh”” phrase 4. block of flats nnhhÛÛmm cc··cc ttÚÚaa nnhh‡‡,, cchhuunngg cc‹‹adj blond mm‡‡uu ttÛÛcc vv‡‡nngg n blood mm··uuadj bloody ««≈≈mm mm··uu

blown 1. hit cc˙̇ ««··nnhh mmÂÂnnhh,, ««ÚÚnnv 2. pertaining to wind tthh∞∞ii rraa lluu““nngg hh÷÷iiphr v 3. blow up pphh·· nn∞∞

blueadj 1. colour mm‡‡uu xxaannhh dd‹‹÷÷nnggcolloq 2. sad bbuu““nn rr¿¿uu n board (stiff material) tt√√mm bb‰‰nnggn board game mmÙÙnn cc©© n boat tthhuuyyäänn

6

body – break

n body cc÷÷ tthhãã v boil ««uunn ssÙÙii

boldadj 1. as typeface cchhªª ««∆∆mm nnÈÈttadj 2. daring bbÂÂoo ddÂÂnnn bomb ttrr··ii bboommn bone xx‹‹÷÷nngg n book ss··cchhn bookshelf kkåå ««ãã ss··cchh n boomerang ««ÚÚnn bb∆∆tt llÂÂii,, cc··ii bbuu--mm÷÷--rrÊÊnngg

bootn 1. of car tthh˘̆nngg ssaauu xxeen 2. footwear ggii¿¿yy ””nngg

bordern 1. as of country, state bbiiÍÍnn ggiißßiin 2. edge ««‹‹©©nngg vviiäänn,, mmÈÈppadj bored cc‰‰mm tthh√√yy bbuu““nn tt»»adj boring bbuu““nn tt»» v borrow mm‹‹ÆÆnn

bossn 1. person in charge nngg‹‹©©ii qquu‰‰nn llöö,, xxââppv 2. tell what to do cchhÃà hhuuyy hh””nngg hh··cchhadj both cc‰‰ hhaaiiv bother qquu√√yy rr¿¿yyn bottle cc··ii cchhaaii

bottomn 1. body part mmÙÙnngg ««ÌÌtt n 2. lower edge ««··yypt v bought *see buyv bounce nnhh˙̇nn nnhh‰‰yyn bowl cc··ii ttÙÙ n box cc··ii hh∂∂ppn boy cc∆∆uu bbÈÈ,, ccoonn ttrraaiiabbrev bra *see brassieren brain bb∂∂ nn„„oo,, ÛÛcc

branchn 1. of tree cc‡‡nnhh cc‚‚yyv 2. separate pphh‚‚nn nnhh··nnhhn brassiere cc··ii nnŒŒtt nnggøøcc,, yyââmmadj brave ccaann ««‰‰mmadv bravely mm∂∂tt cc··cchh ccaann ««‰‰mmn bread bb··nnhh mmÏÏn breadth bbää rr∂∂nngg

breakn 1. pause ttÂÂmm nngghhÃÃ,, nngghhÃà ggii‰‰ii llaaoov 2. opposite of fix ««ŸŸtt,, vv´́,, gg„„yy phr v 3. break down (as in car) nngg‹‹nngg hhooÂÂtt ««∂∂nngg,, hh‹‹ mm··yyphr v 4. break down (as health) kkiiåått ssŸŸcc

7

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) xxÙÙnngg vv‡‡oo nnhh‡‡,, pphh·· nnhh‡‡ vv‡‡oo ÊÊnn ttrr∂∂mmphr v 6. break up (for holidays) bb°°tt ««¿¿uu nngghhÃà hhËË n breakfast bbªªaa ÊÊnn ss··nnggn breath hh÷÷ii tthh™™v breathe tthh™™v breed nnuuÙÙii dd‹‹´́nnggn brick ggÂÂcchhn bridge cc¿¿uu

brightadj 1. shiny ss··nngg cchhÛÛiiadj 2. clever llaannhh llÆÆiiv brighten ll‡‡mm cchhoo rrÂÂnngg rr´́adj brilliant tt‡‡ii ggii’’ii,, xxuu√√tt ss°°ccv bring ««‹‹aa ««âânnadj broad rr∂∂nnggn broccoli mm∂∂tt llooÂÂii bbÙÙnngg cc‰‰iipt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) pphh·· ss‰‰nn,, hhââtt ttiiäänn,, ccÂÂnn tt˙̇iiphrase broken arm cc··nnhh ttaayy gg„„yy n brother aannhh hhaayy eemm ttrraaiipt v brought *see bringn brush bb‡‡nn cchh‰‰iin bucket cc··ii xxÙÙv build xx‚‚yy ddøønnggpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) bbÛÛnngg ««ËËnnn bullet vviiÍÍnn ««ÂÂnn

bullyn 1. person who harasses others kk»» hhaayy bb°°tt nnÂÂtt nngg‹‹©©ii kkhh··ccv 2. harass xx··cchh nnhhiiÕÕuu,, qquu√√yy rr¿¿yy

bunchn 1. group nnhhÛÛmm,, bbÜÜnn phrase 2. bunch of flowers bbÛÛ hhooaa

burnn 1. injury caused by fire vvââtt pphh’’nnggv 2. be on fire cchh··yyv burst nn∞∞ ttuunnggv bury cchhÙÙnnn bus xxee bbuuöött

bushn 1. outback ««““nngg hhooaanngg,, mmiiäänn qquuÍÍn 2. small tree cc‚‚yy bb¯̄ii

businessn 1. company ccÙÙnngg ttyy,, cc∫∫aa ttiiååmmcolloq phr 2. mind your own business ««ÿÿnngg xxeenn vv‡‡oo cchhuuyyåånn nngg‹‹©©ii kkhh··cc n bus stop ttrrÂÂmm xxee bbuuöött

8

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break vv´́ ttaannn 2. female body part nnggøøcc pphh¯̄ nnªªadj busy bb∆∆nn rr∂∂nn conj but nnhh‹‹nngg mm‡‡n butcher nngg‹‹©©ii bb··nn tthhŒŒttn button nn˙̇ttv buy mmuuaaprep by bbÍÍnn ccÂÂnnhh,, ddoo,, bb™™ii

Cn cabbage cc‰‰ii bb°°pp n cable dd‚‚yy cc··ppn cafe cc‡‡ pphhÍÍn cage cchhuu““nnggn cake bb··nnhh nnggÜÜtt v calculate ttÌÌnnhh ttoo··nnn calculator mm··yy ttÌÌnnhhn calendar llŒŒcchh

callv 1. name ttÍÍnn n 2. as for phone cc˙̇ ggÜÜiiphr v 3. call for ««ÚÚii hh’’ii,, yyÍÍuu cc¿¿uu phr v 4. call off hh˚̊yy bb’’ phr v 5. call out rraa llåånnhh,, ggÜÜii aaii gg••pp

calmadj 1. peaceful yyÍÍnn ttŒŒnnhhphr v 2. calm down ggii˙̇pp ttrr√√nn ttÔÔnnhh,, ll°°nngg ddŒŒuupt v came *see comen camera mm··yy cchh¯̄pp hhÏÏnnhhv camp cc°°mm ttrrÂÂii

canv 1. able to ccÛÛ tthhãã ll‡‡mm ggÏÏn 2. steel container tthh˘̆nngg ««øønngg cchh√√tt ll’’nnggn candle ««ËËnn cc¿¿yy,, nnâânn n canteen (tuck shop) nn÷÷ii pphh¯̄cc vv¯̄ ÊÊnn uu””nngg,, ccÊÊnngg ttiinn

capn 1. headwear mm¤¤ mmäämmn 2. top nn°°pp

capitaln 1. important location tthh˚̊ ««ÙÙ phrase 2. capital letter kkiiããuu cchhªª iinnn capsicum ßßtt ÒÒ‡‡ LLÂÂttn capsule bbaaoo ccoonn nnhh∂∂nngg cchhŸŸaa tthhuu””ccn captain ««∂∂ii ttrr‹‹™™nngg,, tthh˚̊ qquu‚‚nnn car xxee hh÷÷iin card tthh»»n cardboard ggii√√yy ccŸŸnngg,, ccÂÂcc ttÙÙnngg

9

care – chalk

v care qquuaann tt‚‚mm adj careful ccƒƒnn tthh∆∆nnadv carefully mm∂∂tt cc··cchh ccƒƒnn tthh∆∆nnn carnival nngg‡‡yy hh∂∂iin carrot cc˚̊ cc‡‡ rr””tt

carryv 1. take mmaanngg,, xx··cchhphr v 2. carry on (keep going) ttiiââpp tt¯̄cc

casen 1. bag tt˙̇iiphrase 2. just in case ll´́ xx‰‰yy rraa,, ll´́ kkhhii cc¿¿nn ««âânnn cash ttiiäänn mm••tt

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette bbÊÊnngg nngghhee,, cc··tt--xxÈÈttphrase 2. video cassette bbÊÊnngg hhÏÏnnhh,, vvii--««ÍÍ--ÙÙ

castn 1. of a play cc··cc vvaaii ttrroonngg vv™™ kkŒŒcchhv 2. throw qquuÊÊnngg,, nnÈÈmm n castle ll‚‚uu ««‡‡ii adj casual kkhhÙÙnngg tthh‹‹©©nngg xxuuyyÍÍnnn cat ccoonn mmËËoo

catchphrase 1. catch a train ««··pp,, ll√√yy xxee ll∫∫aaphrase 2. catch a cold bbŒŒ cc‰‰mmcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) tthheeoo kkŒŒppphr v 4. catch up (reach) ««uu∞∞ii kkŒŒpppt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason llöö ddoov 2. make happen gg‚‚yy rraan cave hh¿¿mm rr‹‹ÆÆuuabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling ttrr¿¿nn nnhh‡‡n cell ttââ bb‡‡oon cent xxuuadj central ™™ ttrruunngg tt‚‚mm

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer bb∂∂ pphh∆∆nn xx∫∫ llöö cchhÌÌnnhhabbrev 2. CPU

n centre ttrruunngg tt‚‚mmn century tthhââ kkõõn cereal nngg¤¤ cc””ccn ceremony nngghhii llÕÕadj certain cchh°°cc cchh°°nn,, nn‡‡oo ««ÛÛadv certainly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh cchh°°cc cchh°°nnn chain (jewellery) ggii‚‚yy cchhuuyyäännn chair gghhâân chalk pphh√√nn

10

chance – cigarette

n chance ddŒŒpp mmaayy change

n 1. money ttiiäänn ll»» v 2. alter tthhaayy ««∞∞iiphrase 3. change one's mind ««∞∞ii öö phrase 4. change clothes tthhaayy qquu¿¿nn ··ooadj changeable ccÛÛ tthhãã tthhaayy ««∞∞ii ««‹‹ÆÆcc n change room pphhÚÚnngg tthhaayy ««““ n channel rr„„nnhh,, kkÍÍnnhhn chapter cchh‹‹÷÷nnggn character (literary) nnhh‚‚nn vv∆∆tt

chargen 1. cost llåå pphhÌÌv 2. as for battery nnÂÂpp ((««iiåånn))phr v 3. in charge cchhŒŒuu ttrr··cchh nnhhiiååmm v chase ssÊÊnn ««uu∞∞iiadj cheap rr»»v cheat ÊÊnn ggiiaannv check kkiiããmm llÂÂiin cheek (body part) ggÚÚ mm·· colloq cheeky (naughty) hháánn ll··oo

cheerv 1. make happy ttuunngg hhÙÙn 2. sound expressing enthusiasm ttiiâânngg rreeoo mmÿÿnnggn chemist nngg‹‹©©ii bb··nn tthhuu””cc,, dd‹‹ÆÆcc ssÔÔn cheque cchhii pphhiiââuun cherry qquu‰‰ aannhh ««‡‡oon chess mmÙÙnn ««··nnhh cc©©n chest nnggøøccn chewing gum kkÀÀoo ccaaoo ssuu

chickenn 1. animal gg‡‡ colloq 2. not brave nnhh··ttn child ««ŸŸaa ttrr»» adj childish ttrr»» ccoonnn chin cc¢¢mm

chipsn 1. hot variety kkhhooaaii cchhiiÍÍnn n 2. cold crisps mmiiâânngg ttrr··ii cc‚‚yy kkhhÙÙn chocolate ssÙÙ ccÙÙ llaan choir ««∂∂ii hhÆÆpp ccaa,, ccaa ««oo‡‡nnv choose cchhÜÜnn lløøaa

chopn 1. meat cut mmiiâânngg tthhŒŒtt dd¿¿yyv 2. cut cchh••tt rraa ttÿÿnngg mmiiâânnggpt v chose *see choosen church nnhh‡‡ tthh©©n cigarette tthhuu””cc ll··

11

cinema – coin

n cinema cchhiiââuu bbÛÛnnggn circle vvÚÚnngg ttrrÚÚnnadj circular ccÛÛ hhÏÏnnhh ttrrÚÚnnn circumference cchhuu vviin city ««ÙÙ tthhŒŒ,, tthh‡‡nnhh pphh””

claimn 1. assertion qquu‰‰ qquuyyââttv 2. assert yyÍÍuu ss··cchh

clapn 1. loud noise ttiiâânngg vváá ttaayyv 2. show appreciation vváá ttaayy hhooaann nngghhÍÍnnhhn class (group of students) kkhhoo·· hhÜÜccn classmate bbÂÂnn hhÜÜcc n classroom llßßpp hhÜÜcc phrase classroom block kkhhuu llßßpp hhÜÜccn claw mmÛÛnngg nnhhÜÜnn n clay ««√√tt ssÈÈtt

cleanv 1. remove dirt rr∫∫aa ssÂÂcchh,, ggii••ttadj 2. opposite dirty ssÂÂcchhadj clear ttrroonngg ssuu””ttadj clever kkhhÈÈoo llÈÈoon cliff mm••tt ««·· dd””cc v climb ttrrËËoov cling bb··mm cchh••tt vv‡‡oon clock ««““nngg hh““

closev 1. shut ««ÛÛnngg llÂÂiiadj 2. near gg¿¿nn bbÍÍnnadj closed ««ÛÛnngg n cloth vv‰‰iin clothes qquu¿¿nn ··oon clothes line dd‚‚yy pphh÷÷ii qquu¿¿nn ··oon clothing qquu¿¿nn ··oo,, cc··cc tthhŸŸ ««““ mm••ccn cloud mm‚‚yyadj cloudy mm‚‚yy bbaaoo pphh˚̊,, ttrr©©ii uu ··mm

clubn 1. group of people cc‚‚uu llÂÂcc bb∂∂n 2. implement cc‚‚yy gg∆∆yyn clue ««¿¿uu mm””iin coal tthhaann ««··n coast bb©© bbiiããnn adj coastal vveenn bbiiããnn,, gg¿¿nn bb©© bbiiããnnn coat ··oo cchhoo‡‡nnggn cockatoo ccoonn vvÀÀtt,, ccoonn kkÈÈttn coconut ttrr··ii ddÿÿaan coffee cc‡‡ pphhÍÍn coin ««““nngg ttiiäänn

12

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness cc‰‰mm llÂÂnnhhadj 2. opposite hot llÂÂnnhhadj cold-blooded tt‡‡nn nnhhƒƒnnn collar cc∞∞ ··oov collect tthhuu nnhh••ttn collection bb∂∂ ss‹‹uu tt∆∆ppn college ttrr‹‹©©nngg ccaaoo ««££nngg

colourn 1. hue mm‡‡uu ss°°cc v 2. make colourful ttÙÙ mm‡‡uu adj colourful nnhhiiääuu mm‡‡uu ss°°tt

combn 1. hair accessory cc··ii ll‹‹ÆÆccv 2. do one's hair cchh‰‰ii ««¿¿uu

comev 1. move towards ««ii ttßßiiphr v 2. come from ««âânn ttÿÿphr v 3. come out (as in sun) rraa nnggoo‡‡iicolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let's go.) ÒÒii ««ii!!adj comfortable tthhoo‰‰ii mm··iin comic ss··cchh hhÏÏnnhhn comic strip ttrraannhh cchhuuyyåånn vvuuiiv command cchhÃà hhuuyyadj common pphh∞∞ bbiiâânnn commonsense llÎÎ tthh‹‹©©nnggn communication hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nngg lliiÍÍnn llÂÂcc,, tthhÙÙnngg hhiiããuu n community cc∂∂nngg ««““nnggn compact disc ddÔÔaa CCDDn company (business) ccÙÙnngg ttyyv compare ssoo ss··nnhhn compass llaa bb‡‡nnn compasses (geometry ccoomm--ppaa

equipment)

v compete ccÂÂnnhh ttrraannhhn competition ssøø ccÂÂnnhh ttrraannhhv complain tthhaann pphhiiäännn complaint ssøø tthhaann pphhiiäänn

completev 1. finish hhoo‡‡nn tt√√tt adj 2. finished xxoonnggv complicate ll‡‡mm cchhoo pphhŸŸcc ttÂÂppadj complicated pphhŸŸcc ttÂÂppn complication ttÏÏnnhh ttrrÂÂnngg rr°°cc rr””ii,, bbiiâânn cchhŸŸnnggn composer nngg‹‹©©ii ssooÂÂnn nnhhÂÂcc,, nnhhÂÂcc ssÔÔ ss··nngg tt··ccn composition ssøø ss··nngg tt··cc,, bb‡‡ii ttiiããuu lluu∆∆nnn computer mm··yy ««iiåånn ttoo··nnn concern ssøø qquuaann tt‚‚mm

13

concerned – couple

adj concerned lloo ll°°nnggn concert bbuu∞∞ii hhÚÚaa nnhhÂÂccn condition ««iiääuu kkiiåånnn cone (geometrical shape) hhÏÏnnhh cchhÛÛpp nnÛÛnnv confuse ll‡‡mm bb””ii rr””iiv congratulate cchh˙̇cc mmÿÿnngg v connect nn””iin connection ssøø nn””iiadj conscious ttÃÃnnhh tt··oov consider xxeemm xxÈÈtt phr v consist of gg““mm ccÛÛn consonant pphh¯̄ ‚‚mmv contain cchhŸŸaa ««øønnggn container bbÏÏnnhh,, tthh˘̆nngg cchhŸŸaa n contents (as of a book) nn∂∂ii dduunngg,, mm¯̄cc ll¯̄ccv continue ttiiââpp tt¯̄cc

contrastn 1. difference tt‹‹÷÷nngg pphh‰‰nnv 2. find differences ««””ii cchhiiââuu v control kkiiããmm ssoo··ttn conversation ccuu∂∂cc ««‡‡mm tthhooÂÂii

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime pphhÂÂmm nnhh‚‚nnv 2. find guilty of a crime llÍÍnn ··nn,, kkââtt tt∂∂iiv cook nn√√uu

cooladj 1. opposite warm mm··ttcolloq 2. trendy hhÆÆpp tthh©©ii

copyn 1. imitation bb‰‰nn ssaaoo cchhÈÈppv 2. imitate bb°°tt cchh‹‹ßßccn corner ggÛÛcc

correctv 1. make right ss∫∫aa ssaaiiadj 2. right ««˙̇nngg n corridor hh‡‡nnhh llaannggv cost ttÌÌnnhh cchhii pphhÌÌn cotton vv‰‰ii bbÙÙnngg n cotton wool bbÙÙnngg ggÚÚnn,, bbÙÙnngg dd˘̆nngg bbÊÊnngg bbÛÛ,, ««ååmm llÛÛt

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing ttiiâânngg hhoov 2. expel air from the lungs hhoon council hh∂∂ii ««““nnggn counsellor cc”” vv√√nn

countryn 1. political division nn‹‹ßßcc,, qquu””cc ggiiaan 2. opposite city mmiiäänn qquuÍÍn couple ««ÙÙii,, cc••pp

14

courage – crush

n courage ssøø ccaann ««‰‰mmadj courageous ccaann ««‰‰mm

coursen 1. set of lessons ggii··oo ttrrÏÏnnhhn 2. way to go ««‹‹©©nngg ll””ii hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nnggphrase 3. of course (naturally) ««‹‹÷÷nngg nnhhiiÍÍnnn court (as tennis court) ss‚‚nnn cousin aannhh eemm hhÜÜ,, ccoonn ccÙÙ ccoonn cc∆∆uu

cover n 1. outside of a book bbÏÏaa v 2. put cover on something pphh˚̊ llÍÍnn,, cchheen coward kk»» hhËËnn nnhh··ttn crab ccoonn ccuuaa v crack ll‡‡mm vv´́ ttoo··cc

craftn 1. vessel mm··yy bbaayy,, ccoonn tt‡‡uu n 2. handiwork nngghhää tthh˚̊ ccÙÙnngg

crashn 1. collision ttaaii nnÂÂnn xxee cc∂∂ ««¯̄nngg nnhhaauuv 2. shatter ««∞∞ vv´́ ddªª dd∂∂ii,, ll‡‡mm ttaann tt‡‡nnhhadj crazy ««iiÍÍnn ddÂÂiin creature ssiinnhh vv∆∆ttn creek ssuu””iiv creep bbÚÚn crescent (shape) hhÏÏnnhh ll‹‹´́ii lliiäämm

cricketn 1. insect ccoonn ddââ n 2. sport mmÙÙnn tthhãã tthhaaoo ccrriicckkeett

criminaln 1. person who commits crime kk»» pphhÂÂmm tt∂∂ii ··ccadj 2. against the law vvii pphhÂÂmm lluu∆∆tt hhÏÏnnhh ssøø n crocodile cc·· ss√√uuadj crooked kkhhÙÙnngg tthh££nngg tthh°°nn,, llÿÿaa ««‰‰oon crops vv¯̄ mm˘̆aa

crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting dd√√uu cchhªª tthh∆∆pp

lines

adj 2. angry bbøøcc mmÏÏnnhh,, ttŸŸcc ggii∆∆nn v 3. move from one side to another bbÊÊnngg nnggaanngg phr v 4. cross out (delete) ggÂÂcchh bb’’n crossword ttrrÚÚ cchh÷÷ii ÙÙ cchh∫∫ n crowd ««··mm ««ÙÙnnggadj crowded ««ÙÙnngg ««‰‰ooadj cruel dd„„ mmaann

crushv 1. flatten ««ËË bbÀÀppcolloq 2. a liking for someone ssøø mmÍÍ ««°°mm

15

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance ttiiâânngg kkÍÍuu llßßnnv 2. weep kkhhÛÛccn cube hhÏÏnnhh kkhh””iin cucumber dd‹‹aa lleeoo n cupboard tt˚̊ ««øønngg llyy tt··cchh,, tt˚̊ ««øønngg kkhhÊÊnn ttrr‰‰ii ggii‹‹©©nngg v cure cchhªªaa kkhh’’iiadj curious ttÚÚ mmÚÚ

curln 1. ringlet of hair llÜÜnn qquuÊÊnnv 2. form curls ll‡‡mm tthh‡‡nnhh llÜÜnn qquuÊÊnnn currency (money) ttiiäänn ttåå

currentadj 1. topical pphh∞∞ bbiiâânnn 2. moving water ddÚÚnngg,, lluu““nnggn curtain mm‡‡nn cc∫∫aan curve ««‹‹©©nngg ccoonnggn custom tt¯̄cc llåå,, pphhoonngg tt¯̄ccn customer kkhh··cchh hh‡‡nnggv cut cc°°ttadj cute hh√√pp dd≈≈nn,, xxiinnhh ««ÀÀpp

cyclev 1. ride cc‹‹´́ii,, ««ii xxee ««ÂÂppn 2. circular event cchhuu kkˇ̌n cylinder hhÏÏnnhh ””nngg

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily hh‡‡nngg nngg‡‡yy

damagen 1. injury tthh‹‹÷÷nngg ttÌÌcchhv 2. cause injury gg‚‚yy tthhiiåått hhÂÂiiadj damp ƒƒmm ‹‹ßßttn damper (type of bread) bb··nnhh mmÏÏ kkhhÙÙnngg bb∂∂tt nn∞∞ii

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing bbuu∞∞ii kkhhiiÍÍuu vv¤¤v 2. rhythmical movement nnhh‰‰yy mm˙̇aa n danger ssøø nngguuyy hhiiããmmadj dangerous nngguuyy hhiiããmmadj daring tt··oo bbÂÂoo

darkadj 1. opposite light tt””iiadj 2. opposite fair ss∆∆mm mm‡‡uun darkness bbÛÛnngg tt””ii

16

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar nngg‡‡yy tthh··nnggn 2. fruit qquu‰‰ cchh‡‡ ll‡‡n daughter ccoonn gg··iin day nngg‡‡yyadj dead cchhââttadj deaf ««iiââcc

dealn 1. amount nnhhiiääuu v 2. give out pphh‚‚nn pphh””ii,, cchhiiaa bb‡‡iin death cc··ii cchhââttn debt nnÆÆ

decayn 1. decomposition ttÏÏnnhh ttrrÂÂnngg mm¯̄cc nn··ttv 2. rot ll‡‡mm tthh””ii rrªªaa,, mm¯̄cc nn··ttv deceive ««··nnhh llÿÿaa v decide qquuyyââtt ««ŒŒnnhhn decimal pphh‚‚nn ss”” tthh∆∆pp pphh‚‚nnn decision ssøø qquuyyââtt ««ŒŒnnhhn deck (of house) ss‡‡nn nnhh‡‡ nnggoo‡‡ii ttrr©©iiv declare ttuuyyÍÍnn bb””

decreasen 1. diminution ssøø ggii‰‰mm bbßßtt v 2. become smaller in number ggii‰‰mm bbßßttadj deep ss‚‚uu

defeatn 1. loss tthh√√tt bbÂÂii,, tthhuuaav 2. beat ««··nnhh bbÂÂiiv define ««ŒŒnnhh nngghhÔÔaa

degree n 1. of temperature nnhhiiåått ««∂∂n 2. amount mmŸŸcc ««∂∂

delayn 1. hold up ssøø cchh∆∆mm ttrrÕÕv 2. put off till later gg··cc llÂÂii ««ãã ssaauu nn‡‡yyabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen tthhŸŸcc ÊÊnn ll‡‡mm ss§§nnn delight nniiäämm vvuuii tthhÌÌcchhadj delightful tthh˙̇ vvŒŒv deliver pphh··tt

demandn 1. urgent requirement ssøø ««ÚÚii hh’’iiv 2. ask for with authority yyÍÍuu cc¿¿uuv demonstrate cchhŸŸnngg mmiinnhh,, bbiiããuu ddiiÕÕnnn demonstration ssøø cchhŸŸnngg mmiinnhh,, ssøø bbiiããuu ddiiÕÕnnn dentist nnhhaa ssÔÔv depend tt˘̆yy tthhuu∂∂ccadj dependable ccÛÛ tthhãã ttiinn cc∆∆yy ««‹‹ÆÆcc

17

dependant – discussion

adj dependant nngg‹‹©©ii pphh¯̄ tthhuu∂∂ccn depth cchhiiääuu ss‚‚uuv descend ««ii xxuu””nnggv describe mmiiÍÍuu tt‰‰n description ssøø mmiiÍÍuu tt‰‰

desertn 1. hot, dry place ssaa mmÂÂccv 2. leave bb’’ ««iiv deserve ««··nngg

desiren 1. longing ssøø hhaamm mmuu””nnv 2. wish for hhaamm mmuu””nnn desk bb‡‡nn ggii√√yyv destroy pphh·· hh˚̊yyn destruction ssøø tt‡‡nn pphh··

detailn 1. minute part cchhii ttiiââttv 2. describe fully lliiåått kkÍÍ cchhii ttiiââttn detective tthh··mm tt∫∫n detention (pertaining to ggiiªª ™™ llÂÂii

school)

v dial qquuaayy ss””n diameter ««‹‹©©nngg kkÌÌnnhh

diamondn 1. precious stone kkiimm cc‹‹÷÷nngg,, hh∂∂tt xxoo‡‡nnadj 2. shape hhÏÏnnhh kkiimm cc‹‹÷÷nnggn diary nnhh∆∆tt kköön dictionary ttÿÿ ««iiããnnpt v did *see don didgeridoo ””nngg ttiiÍÍuu cc˚̊aa tthh∞∞ dd‚‚nnv die cchhââtt n diet cchhââ ««∂∂ ÊÊnn kkiiÍÍnnggadj different kkhh··cc bbiiååttadj difficult kkhhÛÛ kkhhÊÊnnv dig ««‡‡oon dingo cchhÛÛ hhooaanngg ttÂÂii ⁄⁄ccn dinner bbªªaa ÊÊnn tt””iin dinosaur kkhh˚̊nngg lloonnggn direction hh‹‹ßßnnggn dirt bb¯̄ii,, ««√√ttadj dirty bbƒƒnnv disagree kkhhÙÙnngg ««““nngg öön disagreement ssøø bb√√tt ««““nngg öö kkiiâânnn disc (round, flat object) ««ÔÔaan disco cc‚‚uu llÂÂcc bb∂∂ nnhh‰‰yy ccÛÛ ««ËËnn nnhh√√pp nnhh··yyv discover kkhh··mm pphh··n discovery ssøø kkhh··mm pphh··v discuss tthh‰‰oo lluu∆∆nnn discussion ssøø tthh‰‰oo lluu∆∆nn

18

disease – drop

n disease bbåånnhhn dish ««ÔÔaa,, mmÛÛnn ÊÊnnn dishwasher (appliance) mm··yy rr∫∫aa cchhÈÈnnn disk (of computers) ««ÔÔaa dd˘̆nngg ttrroonngg mm··yy ttÌÌnnhhn disk drive bb∂∂ pphh∆∆nn ««ÜÜcc ««ÔÔaa ttrroonngg mm··yy ttÌÌnnhh v dislike gghhÈÈttv dismiss ssaa tthh‰‰iin distance kkhhoo‰‰nngg cc··cchhv disturb ll‡‡mm xx··oo ttrr∂∂nnv dive ll••nn xxuu””nnggv divide cchhiiaa rraan division ssøø pphh‚‚nn cchhiiaav divorce llyy ddŒŒ

dov 1. perform ll‡‡mmphrase 2. What does she do? CCÙÙ √√yy ll‡‡mm nngghhää ggÏÏ??

(what's her job?)

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) AAnnhh//cchhŒŒ ccÛÛ kkhhoo»» kkhhÙÙnngg??n doctor bb··cc ssÔÔn document tt‡‡ii lliiååuun dog ccoonn cchhÛÛn dollar ««““nngg ««ÙÙllaan door cc∫∫aav double nnhh‚‚nn gg√√pp ««ÙÙii

doubtn 1. uncertainty ssøø nngg©© vvøøccv 2. hesitate to believe nngghhii nngg©©v drag kkÈÈoo llÍÍn dragon ccoonn rr““nnggpt v drank *see drinkv draw kkÈÈoon drawer nnggÊÊnn kkÈÈoo

dreamn 1. images during sleep ggii√√cc mm÷÷v 2. imagine nn¢¢mm mm÷÷,, mm÷÷ pt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman's clothing qquu¿¿nn ··oo pphh¯̄ nnªªv 2. to put on clothing mm••cc qquu¿¿nn ··oopt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage tthhŸŸcc uu””nnggv 2. swallow liquid uu””nnggv drive ll··ii xxeen driveway ll””ii xxee rraa vv‡‡oo

dropn 1. small amount of water ggiiÜÜttv 2. let fall tthh‰‰ cchhoo rr÷÷ii

19

drought – email

n drought hhÂÂnn hh··nnpt v drove *see drivev drown ddÏÏmm cchhââtt,, cchhââtt ««uu””iin drug mmaa tt˙̇yy,, tthhuu””cc n drum cc··ii ttrr””nngg,, tthh˘̆nnggn drunk (person who drinks nngg‹‹©©ii ssaayy rr‹‹ÆÆuu

too much alcohol)

adj dry kkhhÙÙpt v dug *see digadj dumb cc‚‚mmprep during ttrroonngg ll˙̇cc

dustn 1. dirt bb¯̄ii v 2. clean of dirt pphh˚̊ii bb¯̄ii n duster ggii»» llaauu,, cc··ii pphh˚̊ii bb¯̄iin duty (something you must do) nnhhiiååmm vv¯̄

En eagle cchhiimm ««ÂÂii bb‡‡nngg,, cchhiimm ‹‹nngg n ear ttaaiiadj early ssßßmmv earn kkiiââmm ttiiäännn earring kkhhooeenn ttaaiin earth ttrr··ii ««√√tt n east pphhii·· ««ÙÙnnggadj easy ddÕÕ dd‡‡nnggv eat ÊÊnnn echidna ccoonn nnhhÌÌmm bbiiããnn n edge bb©©,, mmÈÈppv edit bbiiÍÍnn tt∆∆ppn education ggii··oo dd¯̄cc n effect tt··cc dd¯̄nngg,, hhiiååuu qquu‰‰n effort cc”” gg°°nnggn egg qquu‰‰ ttrrŸŸnnggadj either cc··ii nn‡‡oo cc¤¤nngg ««‹‹ÆÆccn elastic tthhuunngg dd„„nnn elbow kkhhuuõõuu ttaayy

elderadj 1. older than llßßnn hh÷÷nn n 2. older person nngg‹‹©©ii ggii‡‡n election ccuu∂∂cc bb¿¿uu cc∫∫n electrician tthhÆÆ ««iiåånnn electricity ««iiåånn

emailn 1. Internet letter tthh‹‹ ««iiåånn tt∫∫v 2. send an Internet letter gg∫∫ii tthh‹‹ ««iiåånn tt∫∫

20

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass ll‡‡mm cchhoo aaii ll˙̇nngg tt˙̇nnggadj embarrassed cc‰‰mm tthh√√yy nngg‹‹ÆÆnngg nngg˘̆nnggn emergency ssøø kkhhƒƒnn cc√√ppn emigrant nngg‹‹©©ii ddii cc‹‹ n emotion cc‰‰mm xx˙̇ccv employ tthhuuÍÍ ll‡‡mmn employee nnhh‚‚nn ccÙÙnnggn employer cchh˚̊ nnhh‚‚nnn employment vviiååcc ll‡‡mmadj empty ttrr””nngg rráánnggn emu ««‡‡ ««iiããuu v encourage kkhhuuyyâânn kkhhÌÌcchh

endn 1. termination hhââttv 2. finish cchh√√mm ddŸŸttn enemy kk»» tthh˘̆

engagedadj 1. busy bb∆∆nn adj 2. soon to be married ««ÌÌnnhh hhÙÙnnn engine ««∂∂nngg cc÷÷v enjoy vvuuii hh‹‹™™nnggadj enormous kkhh∞∞nngg ll““adj enough ««˚̊v enquire hh’’ii tthhÊÊmmv enter ««ii vv‡‡oov entertain cchhiiÍÍuu ««„„iin entertainment ccuu∂∂cc ggii‰‰ii ttrrÌÌn entrance ll””ii vv‡‡oon entry hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nngg,, ««ii vv‡‡oon envelope pphhoonngg bbÏÏ,, bbaaoo tthh‹‹n environment mmÙÙii ttrr‹‹©©nnggadj equal bb¢¢nngg,, nnggaanngg nnhhaauun equator xxÌÌcchh ««ÂÂoon equipment ttrraanngg bbŒŒ

escapen 1. an act of escaping ssøø ttrr””nn tthhoo··ttv 2. get away ttrr””nn tthhoo··tt adv even (divisible by two) cchh§§nnn evening bbuu∞∞ii tt””iin event ssøø kkiiåånn,, cchhuuyyåånn xx‰‰yy rraaadj every mmááii,, mmÜÜiiabbrev exam *see examinationn examination kkˇ̌ tthhii

examplen 1. illustration tthhÌÌ dd¯̄ abbrev 2. e.g.

adj excellent ttuuyyåått hh‰‰oo

21

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging vviiååcc ttrraaoo ««∞∞iiv 2. give up for an equivalent ttrraaoo ««∞∞iiv excite kkÌÌcchh ««∂∂nnggadj excited cc‰‰mm tthh√√yy kkÌÌcchh tthhÌÌcchh,, tthhÌÌcchh tthh˙̇n excitement ssøø kkÌÌcchh tthhÌÌcchh,, tthhÌÌcchh tthh˙̇adj exciting hhŸŸnngg tthh˙̇n excursion ccuu∂∂cc ««ii cchh÷÷ii,, dduu nnggooÂÂnn

excusen 1. justification ccßß v 2. pardon tthhaa tthhŸŸint 3. Excuse me! XXiinn llááii!!

exercisen 1. physical work ssøø tt∆∆pp lluuyyåånnn 2. class work bb‡‡ii tt∆∆pp ttrroonngg llßßppn 3. exercise book vv™™,, tt∆∆pp bb‡‡ii ll‡‡mm

exitn 1. way out ll””ii rraav 2. go out rr©©ii,, ««ii rraav expect ttrrÙÙnngg ««ÆÆiiadj expensive ««°°tt

experiencen 1. thing undergone kkiinnhh nngghhiiååmmv 2. undergo ttrr‰‰ii qquuaa

experimentn 1. science trial ccuu∂∂cc tthhÌÌ nngghhiiååmmv 2. try something tthhÌÌ nngghhiiååmm v explain ggii‰‰ii tthhÌÌcchhn explanation ll©©ii ggii‰‰ii tthhÌÌcchhv explode nn∞∞v explore tthh··mm hhiiããmm

expressadj 1. fast tt””cc hh‡‡nnhhv 2. say ddiiÕÕnn ««ÂÂtt

expressionn 1. on face ssøø bbiiããuu ll∂∂n 2. in words ssøø ddiiÕÕnn ««ÂÂttadj extra tthhÍÍmmn eye mm°°ttn eyebrow llÙÙnngg mm‡‡yy

Fface

n 1. part of body mm••tt phrase 2. face the front qquuaayy mm••tt vvää pphhÌÌaa ttrr‹‹ßßcccolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) TThhÿÿaa nnhh∆∆nn ««ii!!n fact ssøø vviiååcc,, ssøø kkiiåånn n factory xx‹‹™™nngg

22

fade – fence

v fade pphhaaii,, nnhhÂÂttv fail tthh√√tt bbÂÂii

faintadj 1. not dark llÆÆttv 2. become unconscious nngg√√tt xxÃÃuu

fairadj 1. just ccÙÙnngg bb¢¢nnggadj 2. light mm‡‡uu ss··nnggadv fairly (quite) kkhhaa kkhh··n fairy bb‡‡ ttiiÍÍnnv fall rr÷÷ii,, nngg„„,, ««∞∞ adj false ggii‰‰,, ssaaiiadj familiar qquueenn tthhuu∂∂cc

familyn 1. kin ggiiaa ««ÏÏnnhhn 2. family tree ggiiaa tt∂∂ccadj famous nn∞∞ii ttiiâânngg

fann 1. great admirer nngg‹‹©©ii ssaayy mmÍÍn 2. equipment to blow air qquuÂÂttadj far xxaan fare (cost for trip) ttiiäänn vvÈÈn farm nnÙÙnngg ttrrÂÂii n fashion tthh©©ii ttrraanngg adj fashionable hhÆÆpp tthh©©ii ttrraanngg

fastadv 1. quick nnhhaannhhadv 2. forward in time nnhhaannhh cchhÛÛnnggv 3. go without food nnhhŒŒnn ««ÛÛii v fasten bbuu∂∂ccadj fat mm∆∆ppn father nngg‹‹©©ii cchhaan fault llááii ll¿¿mm n favour ssøø tthhiiÍÍnn vvŒŒ,, ««••cc ‚‚nnadj favourite ««‹‹ÆÆcc yyÍÍuu tthhÌÌcchh nnhh√√tt n fax ««iiåånn tthh‹‹

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger ssøø ssÆÆ hh„„iiv 2. be afraid ssÆÆ hh„„ii n feather llÙÙnngg cchhiimmv feed nnuuÙÙii,, cchhoo ÊÊnn

feelv 1. as emotion cc‰‰mm tthh√√yyv 2. touch ss©©,, mmÛÛpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) nnªªn fence hh‡‡nngg rr‡‡oo

23

ferry – flashing

n ferry pphh‡‡,, bb°°ccn festival nngg‡‡yy hh∂∂ii n fever cc÷÷nn ss””ttadj few ÌÌtt

fieldn 1. where sport is played ss‚‚nnn 2. open land bb„„ii adj fierce ddªª dd∂∂ii

fightn 1. battle ttrr∆∆nn ««··nnhhv 2. engage in battle ««··nnhh nnhhaauu

figuren 1. number ccoonn ss””n 2. person mm••ttphr v 3. figure out (understand) hhiiããuu bbiiââttv fill ««∞∞ ««¿¿yyn film pphhiimm ‰‰nnhh,, mm‡‡nnggadj final ccuu””ii cc˘̆nngg,, ddŸŸtt kkhhoo··ttv find ttÏÏmm tthh√√yy

fineadj 1. not raining ««ÀÀpp,, kkhhÙÙ rr··ooadj 2. opposite thick mm’’nnggadj 3. well (healthy) tt‹‹÷÷ii tt””ttn finger nnggÛÛnn ttaayy,, cchh‚‚nn

finishn 1. end point ««ÌÌcchh ttßßii,, mmŸŸcc ««âânnv 2. end ll‡‡mm xxoonngg

firev 1. cease to employ ssaa tthh‰‰iiv 2. shoot bb°°nnn 3. something burning ll∫∫aa cchh··yyn fireworks pphh··oo bbÙÙnnggadv first tthhŸŸ nnhhŸŸttn first aid cc√√pp ccŸŸuu

fishn 1. water creature cc··v 2. catch fish cc‚‚uu cc··n fishing rod cc¿¿nn cc‚‚uu

fitadj 1. healthy mmÂÂnnhh kkhh’’een 2. size cc´́phrase 3. fit in with (match well) hhÆÆpp vvßßiiv fix cc”” ««ŒŒnnhh vv∆∆tt ggÏÏ,, ss∫∫aa cchhªªaan flag cc©©n flame nnggÜÜnn ll∫∫aan flash (bright light) ··nnhh cchhßßpp ss··nnggadj flashing llÛÛee ss··nngg

24

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling ccÊÊnn hh∂∂adj 2. shape ddÀÀpp,, llÈÈpp,, pphh££nnggn flavour mm˘̆ii vvŒŒpt v flew *see flyn flight cchhuuyyâânn bbaayyv float nn∞∞iin flood ll¯̄tt

floorn 1. part of a room ss‡‡nn nnhh‡‡n 2. level of a building ttÿÿnnggn floppy disk ddÔÔaa mmäämm ttrroonngg mm··yy ttÌÌnnhhv flow cchh‰‰yy,, ttrrÙÙii cchh‰‰yyn flower bbÙÙnngg hhooaaabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect rruu““ii v 2. move through the air bbaayyn fog (weather condition) ss‹‹÷÷nngg mm˘̆adj foggy ccÛÛ ss‹‹÷÷nngg mm˘̆v fold gg√√pp llÂÂiin folder bbÏÏaa kkÀÀpp hh““ ss÷÷v follow tthheeoo ssaauun font bb““nn nn‹‹ßßcc tthh··nnhhn food tthhøøcc pphhƒƒmmn fool kk»» nngguu ««¿¿nnadj foolish nnggßß nnggƒƒnn,, nngguu ««¿¿nnn foot bb‡‡nn cchh‚‚nn n football bbÛÛnngg ««··n footwear ggii¿¿yy ddÈÈpp

forphrase 1. for us cchhoo cchh˙̇nngg ttaaphrase 2. for NSW cchhoo NNSSWWphrase 3. for $5 ll√√yy $$55

forcen 1. strength ssŸŸcc mmÂÂnnhh,, vv¤¤ lløøccv 2. impose on ÈÈpp bbuu∂∂ccadj foreign (not native) nnggooÂÂii qquu””ccn foreigner nngg‹‹©©ii nnggooÂÂii qquu””ccn forest rrÿÿnnggpt v forgave *see forgivev forget qquuÍÍnnv forgive tthhaa tthhŸŸpt v forgot *see forgetn fork cc··ii nnÔÔaa

formn 1. paper you fill in mm≈≈uu ««÷÷nnv 2. make ttÂÂoo tthh‡‡nnhh

25

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape hhÏÏnnhh tthhŸŸccn fortnight 22 ttuu¿¿nnadj fortunate mmaayy mm°°nnadv fortunately mm∂∂tt cc··cchh mmaayy mm°°nn

fortunen 1. large amount of money ggiiaa tt‡‡iin 2. luck vv∆∆nn mmaayy rr˚̊iipt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain vvÚÚii pphhuunn nn‹‹ßßccn fraction pphh‚‚nn ss””n frame kkhhuunngg

freeadj 1. costing nothing kkhhÙÙnngg mm√√tt ttiiäänn,, mmiiÕÕnn pphhÌÌadj 2. unoccupied kkhhÙÙnngg ccÛÛ nngg‹‹©©ii ™™ v 3. let go tthh‰‰ rraan freedom ttøø ddoov freeze ««ÛÛnngg bbÊÊnnggn freezer (appliance) tt˚̊,, nnggÊÊnn ««øønngg ««““ ««ÙÙnngg llÂÂnnhhadj frequent tthh‹‹©©nngg xxuuyyÍÍnnadj fresh tt‹‹÷÷ii,, mm··ttabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend bbÂÂnn adj friendly tthh‚‚nn tthhiiåånnn fright ssøø hhoo‰‰nngg ssÆÆv frighten ll‡‡mm hhoo‰‰nngg ssÆÆ

fromphrase 1. from Sydney ttÿÿ SSyyddnneeyyphrase 2. from my grandmother cc˚̊aa bb‡‡ nn∂∂ii ttÙÙii ««ãã llÂÂii cchhoophrase 3. from $10 ttÿÿ $$1100 ttrr™™ llÍÍnn

frontadj 1. opposite back ««¢¢nngg ttrr‹‹ßßccprep 2. in front of ™™ ttrr‹‹ßßcc mm••ttn front door cc∫∫aa ttrr‹‹ßßcc n front steps bbøøcc ttaamm cc√√ppv frown ccaauu mm‡‡yypt v froze *see freezen fruit ttrr··ii cc‚‚yy

fulladj 1. opposite empty ««¿¿yyadj 2. not hungry nnoon full stop (punctuation mark) dd√√uu cchh√√mm cc‚‚uu

funn 1. mirthful amusement ssøø vvuuii tthhÌÌcchhcolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) nnhhÂÂoo bb··nngg aaii,, ddiiÕÕuu ccÆÆtt aaiin funeral ««··mm ttaanngg

26

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous gg‚‚yy tthhÌÌcchh tthh˙̇,, ttŸŸcc cc‹‹©©iiadj 2. strange ll∆∆pp ddŒŒn fur llÙÙnngg tthh˙̇n furniture ««““ ««ÂÂccadj further xxaa hh÷÷nnn future tt‹‹÷÷nngg llaaii

Gv gamble ««··nnhh cc©© bbÂÂccn game ttrrÚÚ cchh÷÷ii ccÛÛ lluu∆∆tt llåån gaol *see jailn gap kkÎÎ hh™™n garage (of house) nnhh‡‡ ««ãã xxeen garden vv‹‹©©nnn garlic tt’’iin gas cchh√√tt kkhhÌÌn gate cc∞∞nngg v gather tt¯̄ hhÜÜpp,, tt∆∆pp hhÆÆpppt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy vvuuii tt‹‹÷÷iiadj 2. homosexual ttÏÏnnhh dd¯̄cc ««““nngg ggiißßii,, ««““nngg ttÌÌnnhh lluuyyâânn ··iin gender ggii””nngg

generaladj 1. usual tt∞∞nngg qquu··ttn 2. rank in army vviiÍÍnn tt‹‹ßßnnggadv generally mm∂∂tt cc··cchh tt∞∞nngg qquu··ttn generosity ttÌÌnnhh hh‡‡oo hhiiååppadj generous rr∂∂nngg rr„„ii,, rr∂∂nngg ll‹‹ÆÆnnggadj gentle hhiiäänn ll‡‡nnhh,, hhÚÚaa nnhh„„

getv 1. become ttrr™™ nnÍÍnnv 2. receive ll√√yyv 3. possess ccÛÛv 4. arrive ««âânnv 5. obtain ll√√yy ««‹‹ÆÆccphr v 6. get on with (like) hhÆÆpp vvßßiiphr v 7. get out (leave) ««ii kkhh’’iiphr v 8. get together (meet) tt∆∆pp hhÜÜppphr v 9. get up (arise) tthhŸŸcc dd∆∆yyphr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) llooÂÂii bb’’

giantn 1. huge mythical being nngg‹‹©©ii kkhh∞∞nngg ll““adj 2. very big kkhh∞∞nngg ll““n gift qquu‡‡ bbiiââuun girl nngg‹‹©©ii ccoonn gg··ii

27

give – grain

give v 1. hand to cchhoophr v 2. give in (hand in) nn∂∂pp colloq phr 3. give in (surrender) cchhŒŒuu tthhuuaaphr v 4. give out (distribute) pphh‚‚nn pphh””iiphr v 5. give up (surrender) ««¿¿uu tthh˙̇,, ««¿¿uu hh‡‡nngg phr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) bb’’adj glad vvuuii vv»»

glassn 1. window material kkiiâânnggn 2. drinking vessel cc··ii llyyn glasses (for eyesight) kkiiâânngg ««eeoo mm°°ttn glove bao tay

go v 1. move ««iiphrase 2. go by bus ««ii bb¢¢nngg xxee bbuuööttphrase 3. go out with ««ii cchh÷÷ii vvßßiiphr v 4. go wrong ll‡‡mm ssaaiiphr v 5. go on with (continue) ttiiââpp tt¯̄ccphr v 6. go well ttiiâânn hh‡‡nnhh tt””ttphr v 7. go over (check) xxeemm llÂÂiiphr v 8. go through (check) kkiiããmm ssoo··ttphr v 9. go after (chase) ««uu∞∞ii tthheeoo,, ««ii ttÏÏmmn god vvŒŒ tthh¿¿nnn gold vv‡‡nnggadj golden mm vv‡‡nngg,, bb¢¢nngg vv‡‡nngg

good adj 1. opposite bad tt””ttphrase 2. vegetables are good for you ÊÊnn rraauu tt””tt cchhoo qquuÌÌ vvŒŒcolloq 3. Good for you! XXiinn cchh˙̇cc mmÿÿnngg aannhh cchhŒŒ

(congratulations)

int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) CChh‡‡oo aannhh,, cchhŒŒ ((bbuu∞∞ii cchhiiääuu))int 5. Goodbye CChh‡‡oo ttÂÂmm bbiiååttint 6. Good day (greeting) CChh‡‡oo aannhh,, cchhŒŒ ((ttrroonngg nngg‡‡yy ))int 7. Good morning (greeting) CChh‡‡oo aannhh,, cchhŒŒ ((bbuu∞∞ii ss··nngg ))int 8. Good night (farewell) CChh˙̇cc nngg˚̊ nnggoonn

goodnessn 1. virtue llÚÚnngg tt””ttint 2. My goodness! (expression of TTrr©©ii ÷÷ii!!

surprise)

n goods hh‡‡nngg hhÛÛaan gossip cchhuuyyåånn nngg““ii llÍÍ ««ÙÙii mm··cchhpt v got *see get v govern ccaaii ttrrŒŒ n government cchhÌÌnnhh pphh˚̊n governor tthh””nngg ««””cc,, ttoo‡‡nn qquuyyäännv grab cchh¯̄pp ll√√yyadv gradually ttÿÿnngg bb‹‹ßßcc mm∂∂tt,, dd¿¿nn dd¿¿nn n grain tthhÛÛcc ggÂÂoo

28

grand – habit

adj grand hhuuyy hhoo‡‡nnggn grandchild cchh··uun granddaughter cchh··uu gg··iin grandfather ÙÙnnggn grandmother bb‡‡n grandparent ÙÙnngg,, bb‡‡n grandson cchh··uu ttrraaiin grape nnhhoon graph ««““ tthhŒŒn grass cc’’adj grateful bbiiââtt ÷÷nnn grave hhuuyyåått,, mm∂∂adj great vvÔÔ ««ÂÂii,, ttoo llßßnnn greed llÚÚnngg tthhaamm adj greedy tthhaamm llaammadj green xxaannhh ll·· cc‚‚yyv greet cchh‡‡oo mmÿÿnnggn greeting ll©©ii cchh‡‡oo mmÿÿnnggpt v grew *see growadj grey xx··mmn grief nn∞∞ii ««aauu kkhh∞∞v grieve ll‡‡mm ««aauu llÚÚnnggv grill (cooking) nn‹‹ßßnngg

grossadj 1. total tt∞∞nngg ss””colloq 2. disgusting tthhÙÙ lláá

groundn 1. earth mm••tt ««√√ttadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) tt¿¿nngg ttrrååttn group nnhhÛÛmmphrase group of students nhhÛÛmm hhÜÜcc ssiinnhhv grow mmÜÜccn grown-up nngg‹‹©©ii ttrr‹‹™™nngg tthh‡‡nnhh,, nngg‹‹©©ii llßßnnv guard ccaannhh gg··ccn guardian nngg‹‹©©ii ccaannhh gg··ccv guess ««oo··nnn guest nngg‹‹©©ii kkhh··cchh

guiden 1. leader nngg‹‹©©ii hh‹‹ßßnngg dd≈≈nn v 2. show the way cchhÃà ««‹‹©©nnggn guilt tt∂∂ii llááiiadj guilty pphhÂÂmm tt∂∂ii n guitar ««‡‡nn gghhii ttaan gum tree cc‚‚yy bbÂÂcchh ««‡‡nnabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium pphhÚÚnngg tt∆∆pp tthhãã dd¯̄cc

Hn habit tthhÛÛii qquueenn

29

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) ttrr∆∆nn mm‹‹aa ««··n hailstorm mm‹‹aa ««·· llßßnnn hair ttÛÛccn haircut cc°°tt ttÛÛccadj halal tthhŒŒtt ss˙̇cc vv∆∆tt ggiiââtt tthheeoo lluu∆∆tt hh““ii ggii··oo

halfadj 1. equal part of pphh‚‚nn nn∫∫aaphrase 2. half-past eight tt··mm ggii©© rr‹‹´́ii n hall hh∂∂ii ttrr‹‹©©nnggn hallway hh‡‡nnhh llaannggv halve cc°°tt ll‡‡mm ««ÙÙiin hamburger bb··nnhh mmÏÏ tthhŒŒtt bbÚÚ bbÊÊmmn hammer cc··ii bb˙̇aa

handn 1. body part bb‡‡nn ttaayy n 2. hand-out ««‹‹aa,, pphh··tt rraaphr v 3. hand in cc¿¿mm ttaayy ««eemm nn∂∂pp,, nn∂∂pp bb‡‡iin handbag tt˙̇ii xx··cchhn handball mmÙÙnn bbÛÛnngg nnÈÈmm

handlen 1. thing that may be held cc··nn,, qquuaayyv 2. touch cc¿¿mm ttrroonngg ttaayyadj handsome ««ÀÀpp ttrraaiin handwriting cchhªª vviiââtt ttaayy

hangv 1. suspend ttrreeoophr v 2. hang around (loiter) ««ŸŸnngg llooaannhh qquuaannhhphr v 3. hang onto (hold) bb··mm rriiââtt ll√√yyphr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) gg··cc mm··yyint 5. Hang on! (wait) KKhhooaann ««„„!!v happen xx‰‰yy rraan happiness hhÂÂnnhh pphh˙̇ccadj happy ssuunngg ss‹‹ßßnngg,, hhÂÂnnhh pphh˙̇ccn harbour bbâânn cc‰‰nngg

hardadj 1. difficult kkhhÛÛ kkhhÊÊnnadj 2. not soft ccŸŸnnggadv hardly (rarely) hhiiââmm kkhhiiv harm gg‚‚yy hhÂÂii,, ll‡‡mm hhÂÂiin harvest vviiååcc gg••tt hh··iin hat cc··ii mm¤¤v hate tthh˘̆ gghhÈÈtt

havev 1. own ccÛÛphrase 2. have a headache bbŒŒ nnhhŸŸcc ««¿¿uuphrase 3. have dinner ÊÊnn cc÷÷mmphrase 4. have a hair cut ««ii hhßßtt ttÛÛccphr v 5. have on (wear) mm••cc

30

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) pphh‰‰ii ll‡‡mm ggÏÏ ««ÛÛpron he ÙÙnngg √√yy,, aannhh √√yy

headn 1. body part cc··ii ««¿¿uun 2. leader nngg‹‹©©ii ««ŸŸnngg ««¿¿uun headache nnhhŸŸcc ««¿¿uun heading (title) ttiiÍÍuu ««ää,, ttøøaa ««ään health ssŸŸcc kkhh’’eeadj healthy kkhh’’ee mmÂÂnnhhn heap (pile) ««””nnggv hear nngghheept v heard *see hearn heart ttiimm

heatv 1. warm ss‹‹™™ii √√mmn 2. warmth ssŸŸcc nnÛÛnnggn heater (appliance) llÚÚ ss‹‹™™iiadj heavy nn••nnggn height cchhiiääuu ccaaoopt v held *see holdn helicopter mm··yy bbaayy ttrrøøcc tthhÊÊnnggint hello hheelllloo

helpn 1. aid ggii˙̇pp ««´́phrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) xxiinn ttøø pphh¯̄cc vv¯̄colloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no ttÙÙii kkhhÙÙnngg ttrr··nnhh ««‹‹ÆÆcc ««iiääuu ««ÛÛ

control over it)

adj helpful hhªªuu ÌÌcchh n hemisphere bb··nn cc¿¿uu

herphrase 1. ask her hh„„yy hh’’ii ccÙÙ √√yyphrase 2. her book ccuu””nn ss··cchh cc˚̊aa ccÙÙ √√yyadv here ttÂÂii ««‚‚yyn hero aannhh hh˘̆nnggv hesitate ddoo ddøøn hexagon hhÏÏnnhh ll¯̄cc ggii··ccint hi ttiiâânngg cchh‡‡oo ((ggiiªªaa bbÂÂnn bbËË))pt v hid *see hidev hide ttrr””nn

highadj 1. tall ccaaooadj 2. as for musical note ™™ ««∂∂ ccaaoophrase high-heeled shoe ggii¿¿yy ccaaoo ggÛÛttn high school ttrr‹‹©©nngg ttrruunngg hhÜÜccn hill nnggÜÜnn ««““ii pron him aannhh ««ÛÛn hip hhÙÙnngg v hire mm‹‹ßßnnpron his cc˚̊aa nnÛÛ,, cc˚̊aa aannhh √√yy

31

history – however

n history llŒŒcchh ss∫∫ hit

v 1. strike ««··nnhh,, nnåånn colloq 2. winner ssøø tthh‡‡nnhh ccÙÙnngg,, ÊÊnn kkhh··cchhv hitch-hike ««ii nnhh©© xxeen hobby ss™™ tthhÌÌcchh

holdv 1. grasp nn°°mm ggiiªªn 2. hold-up (robbery) vv¯̄ ««··nnhh cc‹‹ßßppn 3. hold-up (delay) ssøø ttrrÏÏ hhoo„„nnint 4. Hold it! (stop) ggiiªª ll√√yycolloq phr 5. hold on (wait) cchh©© mm∂∂tt cchh˙̇ttn hole cc··ii lláán holiday nngghhÃà pphhÈÈppadj hollow nnÙÙnngg ccÂÂnnadj holy lliinnhh tthhiiÍÍnnggn home nnhh‡‡adj homesick nnhhßß nnhh‡‡ n homework (school work you bb‡‡ii ll‡‡mm ™™ nnhh‡‡

do at home)

n honest tthh‡‡nnhh tthh∆∆tthook

n 1. curved piece of metal cc··ii mmÛÛccv 2. catch mmÛÛcc vv‡‡oo

hopen 1. expectation nniiäämm hhyy vvÜÜnnggv 2. wish hhyy vvÜÜnngg n horizon cchh‚‚nn ttrr©©ii

horn n 1. animal part cc··ii ssÿÿnnggn 2. car part ccÚÚii xxeeadj horrible kkhh˚̊nngg kkhhiiââppn horror ssøø kkhhiiââpp ssÆÆn horse ccoonn nnggøøaan hospital nnhh‡‡ tthh‹‹÷÷nnggn host cchh˚̊ nnhh‡‡ n hostel kkhhuu tt∆∆pp tthhãã

hotadj 1. very warm rr√√tt nnÛÛnnggcolloq 2. very good ««iiÍÍuu lluuyyåånnn hotel kkhh··cchh ssÂÂnnn hot-plate mm••tt kkiimm llooÂÂii ttrrÍÍnn bbââpp nn√√uu ÊÊnnn hour ggii©©n house nnhh‡‡n housework (domestic work) vviiååcc ttrroonngg nnhh‡‡

howadv 1. in what way rraa ssaaoocolloq phr 2. how come? (why) ll‡‡mm ssaaoo mm‡‡ llÂÂii tthhââ??conj however ttuuyy nnhhiiÍÍnn

32

huge – industry

adj huge rr√√tt llßßnn human

adj 1. of people tthhuu∂∂cc vvää ccoonn nngg‹‹©©iin 2. human being ccoonn nngg‹‹©©ii n humour ttÌÌnnhh cchh√√tt hh‡‡ii hh‹‹ßßccpt v hung *see hangadj hungry ««ÛÛiiv hunt ««ii ssÊÊnn

hurryv 1. move quickly vv∂∂ii vv„„colloq phr 2. hurry up llÀÀ llÍÍnn

hurtv 1. injure ll‡‡mm bbŒŒ tthh‹‹÷÷nngg,, ll‡‡mm ««aauuadj 2. wounded bbŒŒ tthh‹‹÷÷nnggn hut tt˙̇pp llääuu

Ipron I TTÙÙiin ice nn‹‹ßßcc ««··n ice-cream kkeemmadj ideal llöö tt‹‹™™nnggconj if nnââuuadj ill mm°°cc bbåånnhhadj illegal bb√√tt hhÆÆpp pphh··ppn illness bbåånnhhn illustration ssøø mmiinnhh hhÜÜaav imagine tt‹‹™™nngg tt‹‹ÆÆnnggadj immediate nnggaayy ll∆∆pp ttŸŸccadv immediately nnggaayy ttŸŸcc kkhh°°ccn immigrant nnhh∆∆pp cc‹‹adj important qquuaann ttrrÜÜnnggadj impossible kkhhÙÙnngg tthhãã xx‰‰yy rraa ««‹‹ÆÆccv improve cc‰‰ii tthhiiåånn

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place bbÍÍnn ttrroonnggphrase 2. in Australia ttÂÂii ⁄⁄ccphrase 3. in January vv‡‡oo tthh··nngg GGiiÍÍnnggphrase 4. in English bb¢¢nngg AAnnhh nnggªªphrase 5. in pencil bb¢¢nngg vviiââtt cchhÏÏphrase 6. in love ««aanngg yyÍÍuuphrase 7. in danger ««aanngg gg••pp nngguuyy hhiiããmmphrase 8. in time (not late) kkŒŒpp ggii©©v include bbaaoo gg““mmn income llÆÆii ttŸŸccadj incorrect ssaaiiv increase ggiiaa ttÊÊnngg n index bb‰‰nngg cchh˙̇ dd≈≈nnadj indoor ttrroonngg nnhh‡‡n industry kkœœ nngghhåå

33

infect – is

v infect ««¿¿uu ««∂∂cc,, ll‡‡mm nnhhiiÕÕmm ««∂∂ccn infection nnhhiiÕÕmm ttrr˘̆nngg v influence ‰‰nnhh hh‹‹™™nnggn influenza bbåånnhh cc˙̇mm

inform tthhÙÙnngg bb··oon information tthhÙÙnngg ttiinnprep in front of ««¢¢nngg ttrr‹‹ßßccv inhabit cc‹‹ ttrr˙̇ n inhabtant cc‹‹ dd‚‚nn

initialadj 1. first ««¿¿uu ttiiÍÍnnn 2. first letter of name cchhªª ««¿¿uu cc˚̊aa ttÍÍnnn injection mm¤¤ii cchhÌÌcchhv injure ll‡‡mm tt∞∞nn tthh‹‹÷÷nnggn injury vvââtt tthh‹‹÷÷nngg,, ssøø tt∞∞nn hhÂÂiiadj inner bbÍÍnn ttrroonnggadj innocent vvÙÙ tt∂∂ii n insect ss‚‚uu bbÜÜ,, ccÙÙnn ttrr˘̆nngg v insert ll““nngg vv‡‡ooprep inside mm••tt ttrroonnggv insist cc”” nn‡‡ii

instantn 1. moment mm∂∂tt ll˙̇ccadj 2. immediate ll∆∆pp ttŸŸccadv instead tthhaayy vvÏÏv instruct ddÂÂyyn instruction ll©©ii hh‹‹ßßnngg dd≈≈nn,, cchhÃà tthhŒŒn instrument (musical) dd¯̄nngg cc¯̄n insurance bb‰‰oo hhiiããmmadj intelligent tthhÙÙnngg mmiinnhhv intend ccÛÛ öö ««ŒŒnnhh n interest ssøø qquuaann tt‚‚mm,, ss™™ tthhÌÌcchhadj interest qquuaann tt‚‚mm ttßßiiadj interesting tthh˙̇ vvŒŒ n Internet mmÂÂnngg tthhÙÙnngg ttiinn qquu””cc ttââ ttrrÍÍnn mm··yy ttÌÌnnhh v interrupt ll‡‡mm ggii··nn ««ooÂÂnnn intersection ««iiããmm cc°°tt nnhhaauu cc˚̊aa hhaaii ««‹‹©©nngg tthh££nnggn interview pphh’’nngg vv√√nnprep into ««ii vv‡‡oo bbÍÍnn ttrroonngg v introduce ggiißßii tthhiiååuun introduction (of a book) nnhh∆∆pp ««ääv invent ss··nngg cchhâân invitation ll©©ii mm©©iiv invite mm©©ii

ironn 1. metal ss°°tt n 2. household appliance bb‡‡nn ˚̊iiv 3. as for clothing ˚̊ii qquu¿¿nn ··ooprt v is *see be

34

island – keyboard

n island ««‰‰ooit

pron 1. subject nnÛÛpron 2. object cchhoo nnÛÛpron its (possessive) cc˚̊aa nnÛÛ

Jn jacket ··oo kkhhoo··cc nngg°°nn ccÛÛ ttaayyn jail nnhh‡‡ tt˘̆n jar bbÏÏnnhh,, llÜÜadj jealous gghheenn ttuuÙÙnnggn jeans qquu¿¿nn ggiinn,, qquu¿¿nn bbÚÚn jet ttiiaa,, mm··yy bbaayy pphh‰‰nn lløøccn jewel ««·· qquuÌÌn jewellery ««““ kkiimm hhoo‡‡nn,, ««““ vv‡‡nngg bbÂÂcc cchh‚‚uu bb··uun job ccÙÙnngg vviiååccv jog cchhÂÂyy bb∂∂,, tt∆∆pp lluuyyåånnn jogger nngg‹‹©©ii cchhÂÂyy bb∂∂

joinv 1. unite cchh°°pp,, gghhÈÈppv 2. as a club ggiiaa nnhh∆∆ppadj joint kkhhßßppn joke ttrrÚÚ cc‹‹©©ii,, cchhuuyyåånn ««˘̆aan journey ccuu∂∂cc hh‡‡nnhh ttrrÏÏnnhhn joy nniiäämm hh‚‚nn hhooaann

judgen 1. person in court qquuaann ttÚÚaav 2. make a decision about xxÈÈtt ««oo··nn,, ««··nnhh ggii··n judgment pphh··nn qquuyyââttn judo nnhhuu ««ÂÂoon juice nn‹‹ßßcc ttrr··ii cc‚‚yy v jump nnhh‰‰yyn jumper (clothing) ··oo nnggÚÚaaii

justadv 1. only cchhÃÃ ccÛÛadj 2. fair ««˙̇nngg ««°°nn,, ccÙÙnngg bb¢¢nngg

Kn kangaroo ccoonn KKaannggaarruu,, ccoonn ««ÂÂii tthh∫∫

keepv 1. hold on to ggiiªªphr v 2. keep away ««ãã xxaa xxaa phr v 3. keep going ccŸŸ ttiiââpp tt¯̄ccphr v 4. keep out kkhhÙÙnngg cchhoo vv‡‡oo phr v 5. keep up ggiiªª vvªªnngg,, tthheeoo kkŒŒpp,, ggiiªª qquuaann hhååcolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in tthh¿¿yy ggii··oo pphhÂÂtt ggiiªª cchh˙̇nngg ttÙÙii llÂÂiipt v kept *see keepn key cchhÏÏaa kkhhÛÛaan keyboard bb‡‡nn nn˙̇tt bb√√mm cc˚̊aa mm··yy ««··nnhh cchhªª

35

keyring – large

n keyring vvÚÚnngg ««eeoo cchhÏÏaa kkhhoo··n keyword cchhªª cchhÌÌnnhhv kick ««··colloq kid (child) ttrr»» ccoonnv kill ggiiââtt n killer kk»» ggiiââtt nngg‹‹©©ii

kindadj 1. good hearted tt∫∫ ttââ n 2. type llooÂÂiin kindness llÚÚnngg tt””ttn king vvuuaav kiss hhÙÙnnn kitchen nnhh‡‡ bbââppn knee ««¿¿uu gg””iiv kneel qquuÏÏ gg””iipt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife ccoonn ddaaoov knit ««aannn knob ttaayy nn°°mm,, qquu‰‰ ««√√mm ™™ cc∫∫aav knock ggıı,, ««∆∆ppn knot cc··ii nn˙̇tt

knowv 1. understand bbiiââttv 2. be acquainted with qquueennphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) hh„„yy cchhoo ttÙÙii bbiiââttn koala ccoonn kkooaallaa n kookaburra mm∂∂tt llooÂÂii cchhiimm bbÛÛii cc··

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label nnhh„„nn hhiiååuun laboratory pphhÚÚnngg tthhÌÌ nngghhiiååmmn labour llaaoo ««∂∂nnggv lack tthhiiââuun lad nngg‹‹©©ii ««‡‡nn ÙÙnngg ttrr»»n ladder cc··ii tthhaannggpt v laid *see layn lake cc··ii hh““ n lamp cc··ii ««ËËnn

landn 1. opposite of sea ««√√tt lliiäännn 2. country ««√√tt nn‹‹ßßccv 3. as for plane hh cc··nnhh,, ««··pp xxuu””nngg n language nnggÙÙnn nnggªª

lapn 1. body part llÚÚnnggn 2. distance in a pool vvÚÚnngg cchhÂÂyyadj large rr∂∂nngg

36

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first ccuu””ii cc˘̆nnggv 2. endure kkÈÈoo dd‡‡iiadv lastly ssaauu cc˘̆nngg adj late (opposite of early) mmuu∂∂nnadv lately mmßßii ««‚‚yyadv later mm∂∂tt tthh©©ii ggiiaann ssaauuv laugh cc‹‹©©iin laughter ttiiâânngg cc‹‹©©iin laundry pphhÚÚnngg ggii••ttn law lluu∆∆tt llåå n lawn bb„„ii cc’’n lawyer lluu∆∆tt ss‹‹

layv 1. as for eggs ««»» v 2. put ««••tt,, ««ãã,, ttrr‰‰iiadj lazy ll‹‹©©ii bbiiâânngg

leadv 1. go first dd≈≈nn ««¿¿uu n 2. holder for a dog dd‚‚yy dd°°tt cchhÛÛn leader nngg‹‹©©ii ll„„nnhh ««ÂÂoon leadership ssøø ll„„nnhh ««ÂÂoon leaf ll··v leak rrÃÃ rraa,, xxÏÏ

leanv 1. incline nngghhiiÍÍnnggadj 2. thin mm‰‰nnhh kkhh‰‰nnhh vv‡‡ kkhh’’ee mmÂÂnnhhv leap nnhh‰‰yy mmÂÂnnhh qquuaan leap year nnÊÊmm nnhhuu∆∆nnv learn hhÜÜccpt v learnt *see learnadj least ÌÌtt nnhh√√ttn leather ddaa tthhuu∂∂cc

leavev 1. separate from rr©©iin 2. time off nngghhÃà pphhÈÈppphr v 3. leave alone ««ãã yyÍÍnnphr v 4. leave on ««ãã llÂÂii ««ÛÛphr v 5. leave out bb’’ qquuaapt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) bbÍÍnn ttrr··iiadj left-handed tthhuu∆∆nn ttaayy ttrr··iin leg cchh‚‚nnn lemon cchhaannhh v lend cchhoo mm‹‹ÆÆnnn length cchhiiääuu dd‡‡iipt v lent *see lendadv less ÌÌtt hh÷÷nn

37

lesson – lizard

n lesson bb‡‡ii hhÜÜcclet

v 1. allow ««ãã cchhoov 2. rent cchhoo mm‹‹ßßnn

lettern 1. as of alphabet cchhªª cc··iin 2. correspondence tthh‹‹ n letterbox hh∂∂pp tthh‹‹n lettuce rraauu ddiiââppadj level nnggaanngg bb¢¢nnggn liar nngg‹‹©©ii nnÛÛii dd””iin library tthh‹‹ vviiåånnn licence ggii√√yy pphhÈÈppv lick lliiââmmn lid nn°°pp,, vvuunngg

liev 1. tell untruths nnÛÛii dd””iiphr v 2. lie down nn¢¢mm xxuu””nnggn life ««©©ii ss””nnggn lifesaver nngg‹‹©©ii ccŸŸuu nngg‹‹©©ii ss°°pp cchhââtt ««uu””ii

liftv 1. raise ggii™™ llÍÍnn,, nn‚‚nngg llÍÍnnn 2. elevator tthhaanngg mm··yyn 3. car ride ««ii nnhh©© xxee,, ««ii qquu·· ggiiaanngg

lightn 1. opposite of darkness ··nnhh ss··nnggn 2. as for electric light ««ËËnn ««iiåånn adj 3. not dark ss··nnggadj 4. not heavy nnhhÀÀ n lighter (as for cigarettes) cc··ii bb∆∆tt ll∫∫aa,, qquuÀÀtt mm··yyn lightning cchhßßpp

likev 1. be fond of tthhÌÌcchhprep 2. similar to ggii””nngg nnhh‹‹n limit rraannhh ggiißßiin line ««‹‹©©nngg,, vvÂÂcchhn lip mmÙÙii n liquid cchh√√tt ll’’nnggn list ddaannhh ss··cchhv listen nngghheept v lit *see lightn litter rr··cc rr‹‹™™iiadj little ccÛÛ ÌÌtt

livev 1. exist ss””nnggadj 2. opposite of dead ss””nngg ««∂∂nngg n living (job) ssiinnhh kkâân living room pphhÚÚnngg kkhh··cchhn lizard ccoonn tthh¢¢nn ll¢¢nn

38

load – lunch

v load cchh√√tt llÍÍnnn lobster ttÙÙmm hh˘̆mm

localn 1. person from a particular area nngg‹‹©©ii ««ŒŒaa pphh‹‹÷÷nnggadj 2. pertaining to an area ™™ ««ŒŒaa pphh‹‹÷÷nnggn location vvŒŒ ttrrÌÌv lock kkhhÛÛaa n log (wood) kkhh˙̇cc cc˚̊iin lolly kkÀÀoo qquueeadj lonely ll»» llooii,, ccÙÙ ««÷÷nn

longadj 1. opposite of short dd‡‡iiphr v 2. long for (want) kkhhaaoo kkhh··ttphrase 3. How long?(as time) BBaaoo ll‚‚uu??phrase 4. How long?(as length) DD‡‡ii bbaaoo nnhhiiÍÍuu??phrase 5. long ago ttÿÿ ll‚‚uu rr““ii

lookn 1. glance cc··ii lliiââccphr v 2. look at xxeemmphr v 3. look after cchhÊÊmm ssÛÛccphr v 4. look for ttÏÏmmphr v 5. look forward to ttrrÙÙnngg cchh©©phr v 6. look up to kkÌÌnnhh ttrrÜÜnnggphrase 7. look like (resemble) ggii””nngg adj loose ll’’nngg

losev 1. opposite of find mm√√ttv 2. opposite of win tthhuuaaphrase 3. she lost her mother ccÙÙ √√yy mm√√tt mmÀÀ

(her mother died)

n loss ssøø mm√√tt mm··ttpt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny ss”” pphh∆∆nnphrase 2. a lot of nnhhiiääuuadj loud ttoo,, ¿¿mm ÔÔn lounge room pphhÚÚnngg kkhh··cchh

loven 1. passionate affection ttÏÏnnhh yyÍÍuu v 2. feel passionate yyÍÍuuadj low tthh√√ppn lower case cchhªª tthh‹‹©©nnggadj loyal ttrruunngg tthh‡‡nnhhn luck ssøø mmaayy mm°°nnadj lucky mmaayy mm°°nnn lump cc¯̄cc,, mmiiâânnggn lunch bbªªaa ÊÊnn ttrr‹‹aa

39

machine – match

Mn machine ccáá mm··yy

madadj 1. angry ttŸŸcc ggii∆∆nnadj 2. insane ««iiÍÍnn rr““colloq phr 3. mad about (loves) ssaayy mmÍÍn madam bb‡‡,, pphhuu nnhh‚‚nn,, tt˙̇ bb‡‡pt v made *see maken magazine ttÂÂpp cchhÌÌn magic mmaa tthhuu∆∆ttn magpie cchhiimm ··cc ll‡‡

mailn 1. correspondence tthh‹‹ ttÿÿ bb‹‹uu kkiiåånnv 2. send gg∫∫ii qquuaa bb‹‹uu ««iiåånn adj main cchhÌÌnnhh

makev 1. manufacture cchhââ ttÂÂoophrase 2. make the bed ll‡‡mm ggii‹‹©©nnggphrase 3. make friends ll‡‡mm qquueenn bbÂÂnn bbËËphr v 4. make up (reconcile) ll‡‡mm ll‡‡nnhhn make-up ttrraanngg ««iiããmm adj male nnaamm ggiißßiin mammal lloo‡‡ii ««∂∂nngg vv∆∆tt ccÛÛ vv˙̇n man nngg‹‹©©ii ««‡‡nn ÙÙnnggv manage qquu‰‰nn llöön manager ggii··mm ««””ccn mandarin ÙÙnngg qquuaannn mango ttrr··ii xxoo‡‡ii n manner (way) cc··cchh,, ll””iin manners (pertaining to polite ll””ii ŸŸnngg xx∫∫

behaviour)

v manufacture cchhââ ttÂÂoo,, ss‰‰nn xxuu√√ttadj many nnhhiiääuun map bb‰‰nn ««““n margin (of a book) llään marijuana cc¿¿nn ssaa

markv 1. correct ««··nnhh dd√√uun 2. numerical value for work ««iiããmmn 3. spot dd√√uu vvââttn market cchhÆÆn marriage ««··mm cc‹‹ßßiiv marry cc‹‹ßßii hh’’iin mat cchhiiââuu

matchv 1. suit xxŸŸnnggn 2. implement for lighting ddiiÍÍmm qquuÀÀtt

40

mate – midday

n 3. game ttrr∆∆nn ««√√uun mate (friend) bbÂÂnnn material vv∆∆tt lliiååuun mathematics ttoo··nn hhÜÜccabbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance vv∆∆tt cchh√√ttphrase 2. What's the matter? CCÛÛ cchhuuyyåånn ggÏÏ tthhââ??phrase 3. It matters a lot ÒÒiiääuu √√yy rr√√tt qquuaann ttrrÜÜnnggv may (allowed to) ccÛÛ tthhãã adv maybe ccÛÛ llÎÎpron me ttÙÙiin meal bbªªaa ÊÊnn

mmeeaann v 1. intend ccÛÛ öö ««ŒŒnnhh n 2. average ttrruunngg bbÏÏnnhhphrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) ttÙÙii kkhhÙÙnngg mmuu””nn nnhh‹‹ vv∆∆yyn meaning öö nngghhÔÔaan means (resources) pphh‹‹÷÷nngg ttiiåånnpt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile ttrroonngg kkhhii ««ÛÛv measure ««oon measurement ss”” ««oo ««‹‹ÆÆcc,, kkÌÌcchh tthh‹‹ßßcc n meat tthhŒŒttn meat pie bb··nnhh ccÛÛ tthhŒŒtt n mechanic tthhÆÆ mm··yyn medication ssøø cchhoo tthhuu””cc,, dd˘̆nngg tthhuu””cc n medicine tthhuu””cc uu””nngg,, yy hhÜÜccadj medium vvÿÿaa,, ttrruunngg bbÏÏnnhh v meet gg••pp gg´́ n melon qquu‰‰ dd‹‹aav melt ll‡‡mm cchh‰‰yy rraan member tthh‡‡nnhh vviiÍÍnnv memorise gghhii nnhhßß,, hhÜÜcc tthhuu∂∂ccn memory ttrrÌÌ nnhhßßv mend vv··,, ss∫∫aa cchhªªaa adj mental tthhuu∂∂cc vvää ttrrÌÌ ttuuååv mention nnÛÛii ««âânn

menun 1. list in restaurant tthhøøcc ««÷÷nnn 2. list on a computer ddaannhh mm¯̄cc n mess ttÏÏnnhh ttrrÂÂnngg ll∂∂nn xx∂∂nnn message ttiinn ttŸŸcc pt v met *see meetn metal kkiimm kkhhÌÌn method pphh‹‹÷÷nngg pphh··ppn microscope kkÌÌnnhh hhiiããnn vviin microwave (oven) llÚÚ nn√√uu ÊÊnn bb¢¢nngg ssÛÛnngg ccøøcc nngg°°nnn midday bbuu∞∞ii ttrr‹‹aa

41

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central ™™ ggiiªªaan 2. centre ttrruunngg tt‚‚mm ««iiããmmadj middle-aged ttuu∞∞ii ttrruunngg nniiÍÍnnn midnight nn∫∫aa ««ÍÍmm

mightv 1. express possibility ccÛÛ tthhããn 2. strength ssŸŸcc mmÂÂnnhh ttoo llßßnnn migrant ddii dd‚‚nnadj mild ÙÙnn hhÚÚaa,, hhÚÚaa nnhh‰‰ n military qquu‚‚nn ««∂∂iin milk ssªªaan milkbar qquu··nn ssªªaa

mindn 1. consciousness tt‚‚mm ttrrÌÌphrase 2. Keep in mind NNhhßß aaii,, cc··ii ggÏÏphrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) KKhhÙÙnngg ssaaoo cc‰‰phrase 4. I don't mind TTÙÙii kkhhÙÙnngg nnggÂÂii,, ÒÒ””ii vvßßii ttÙÙii kkhhÙÙnngg ssaaoo phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) CCooii cchhÿÿnngg bbøøcc tthhaanngg

minepron 1. possessive tthhuu∂∂cc vvää ttÙÙiin 2. underground excavation hh¿¿mm mm’’n mineral kkhhoo··nngg vv∆∆tt,, kkhhoo··nngg cchh√√ttn minister (government) bb∂∂ ttrr‹‹™™nngg prep minus ttrrÿÿ

minuten 1. unit of time pphh˙̇ttadj 2. very small rr√√tt nnhh’’n mirror gg‹‹÷÷nngg ssooiiadj miserable kkhh””nn kkhh∞∞v misplace nnhh¿¿mm cchháá

missn 1. woman's title ccÙÙv 2. long for nnhhßßv 3. opposite of hit hh¯̄ttadj missing tthhiiââuun Missus BB‡‡n Mister ‘‘nnggn mistake ssaaii ll¿¿mm v misunderstand hhiiããuu ll¿¿mmv mix ttrr∂∂nn,, hhÚÚaan mixture hh∞∞nn hhÆÆpp n mobile phone ««iiåånn tthhooÂÂii ddii ««∂∂nngg//cc¿¿mm ttaayy

model n 1. representation mm≈≈uun 2. person who shows clothes nngg‹‹©©ii mm≈≈uuadj modern hhiiåånn ««ÂÂiiadj modest kkhhiiÍÍmm tt””nnadj moist ƒƒmm ‹‹ßßtt

42

moment – naked

n moment cchh””cc ll··tt,, ll˙̇ccn money ttiiäänn n monitor (computer) mm‡‡nn hhÏÏnnhhn month tthh··nnggn mood (frame of mind) tt‚‚mm ttrrÂÂnnggn moon mm••tt ttrrÊÊnnggadj moral tthhuu∂∂cc vvää ««ÂÂoo ««ŸŸcc,, ttiinnhh tthh¿¿nnadv more hh÷÷nn n morning bbuu∞∞ii ss··nnggn mosque ««äänn tthh©© HH““ii ggii··oo

most nnhhiiääuu nnhh√√ttn mother mmÀÀn motor mm··yy,, ««∂∂nngg cc÷÷n motor bike xxee mmÙÙ ttÙÙn motor scooter xxee gg°°nn mm··yy

mousen 1. animal ccoonn cchhuu∂∂ttn 2. computer part pphh¯̄ tt˘̆nngg mm··yy ttÌÌnnhh ««ãã rraa llåånnhhphrase mouse button (computer) nn˙̇tt bb√√mm ttrrÍÍnn mmoouussee cc˚̊aa mm··yy ttÌÌnnhhn mousepad mmiiâânngg ««ååmm mmoouussee cc˚̊aa mm··yy ttÌÌnnhh n moustache rr‚‚uu mmÈÈppn mouth mmiiåånngg v move cchhuuyyããnn ««∂∂nngg n movement ssøø cchhuuyyããnn ««∂∂nngg n movie pphhiimm cchhiiââuu bbÛÛnnggabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms CCÙÙadv much nnhhiiääuuadj multicultural ««aa vvÊÊnn hhÛÛaan multiplication ttÌÌnnhh nnhh‚‚nnv multiply nnhh‚‚nnabbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing vv¯̄ ··nn mmÂÂnnggv 2. kill unlawfully ··mm ss··ttn muscle bb°°pp tthhŒŒttn mushroom nn√√mmn music ‚‚mm nnhhÂÂccv must pphh‰‰ii ((ll‡‡mm ««iiääuu ggÏÏ ««ÛÛ))pron my cc˚̊aa ttÙÙiin mystery bbÌÌ ƒƒnn

Nn nag nnggøøaa xx√√uu

nailn 1. body part mmÛÛnngg ttaayy,, cchh‚‚nnn 2. metal spike cc··ii ««iinnhh adj naked ttrr¿¿nn ttrruu““nngg

43

name – nobody

namen 1. title ttÍÍnn,, ddaannhh xx‹‹nnggphrase 2. given name ttÍÍnnphrase 3. family name hhÜÜadj narrow hhÀÀppadj nasty xx√√uu xxaan nation qquu””cc ggiiaaadj nationality qquu””cc ttŒŒcchhadj native bb‰‰nn ««ŒŒaa,, bbƒƒmm ssiinnhh

naturen 1. person's character bb‰‰nn cchh√√tt,, ttÌÌnnhh ttÏÏnnhhn 2. environment tthhiiÍÍnn nnhhiiÍÍnnprep near gg¿¿nnadv nearby ™™ gg¿¿nn bbÍÍnnadv nearly gg¿¿nn nnhh‹‹adj neat nnggÊÊnn nn°°ppadj necessary cc¿¿nn tthhiiââttn neck cc∞∞v need cc¿¿nnn needle kkiimm kkhh‚‚uu

negativen 1. film ‚‚mm bb‰‰nn pphhiimmadj 2. opposite of positive ttiiÍÍuu ccøøccv neglect ssaaoo ll„„nngg n neighbour ll··nngg ggiiäännggadv neither cc¤¤nngg kkhhÙÙnnggn nerve dd‚‚yy tthh¿¿nn kkiinnhhadj nervous ccÊÊnngg tthh££nngg,, kkhhßßppn nest tt∞∞ cchhiimm

netn 1. trap cc··ii bb≈≈yyn 2. sport equipment ll‹‹ßßiiabbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) bbÛÛnngg ll‹‹ßßii adv never kkhhÙÙnngg bbaaoo ggii©©adj new mmßßii n newspaper ((tt©©)) bb··oo

nextadv 1. after this ssaauu ««ÛÛ adj 2. following kkââ ttiiââppphrase 3. next door ™™ bbÍÍnn ccÂÂnnhhadj nice tt””tt,, ««ÀÀpp n night bbaann ««ÍÍmmn nightclub hh∂∂pp ««ÍÍmm n night dress ··oo nngg˚̊

noint 1. opposite yes kkhhÙÙnnggdet 2. not at all kkhhÙÙnngg mm∂∂ttpron nobody kkhhÙÙnngg mm∂∂tt aaii

44

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal vv‡‡oo bbaann ««ÍÍmm v nod gg∆∆tt ««¿¿uun noise ttiiâânngg ««∂∂nnggadv noisily mm∂∂tt cc··cchh ““nn ‡‡ooadj noisy ““nn ‡‡oopron none kkhhÙÙnngg ccÛÛ cc··ii nn‡‡oon noon bbuu∞∞ii ttrr‹‹aapron no-one kkhhÙÙnngg mm∂∂tt aaiiconj nor cc¤¤nngg kkhhÙÙnnggadj normal bbÏÏnnhh tthh‹‹©©nnggn north hh‹‹ßßnngg bb°°ccn nose mm¤¤iin nosebleed ssøø cchh‰‰yy mm··uu ccaammadv not kkhhÙÙnngg

noten 1. money ggii√√yy bbÂÂccn 2. short piece of writing tthh‹‹ nngg°°nnphrase 3. take note (be careful) xxiinn ll‹‹uu ööphrase 4. take notes gghhii cchhÈÈpppron nothing kkhhÙÙnngg ccÛÛ ggÏÏ n notice tthhÙÙnngg bb··oon notice board bb‰‰nngg dd··nn tthhÙÙnngg bb··oo n noun ddaannhh ttÿÿn novel ttiiããuu tthhuuyyââttadv now nnggaayy bb‚‚yy ggii©©adv nowadays nngg‡‡yy nnaayyadv nowhere kkhhÙÙnngg ™™ ««‚‚uuadj nude ttrr¿¿nn ttrruu““nngg

numbern 1. numeral ss””v 2. count gghhii ss””phrase 3. a number of mm∂∂tt ss”” abbrev 4. no.

n nurse yy tt··nut

n 1. fruit hhÂÂtt dd»»colloq 2. mad person nngg‹‹©©ii gg‡‡nn dd™™n nutrition kkhhooaa ddiinnhh dd‹‹´́nngg

Oadj obedient pphh¯̄cc tt˘̆nnggv obey vv‚‚nngg ll©©ii

objectn 1. thing ««““ vv∆∆ttn 2. aim mm¯̄cc ttiiÍÍuuv 3. be against cchh””nngg llÂÂii,, pphh‰‰nn ««””iin objection ll©©ii pphh‰‰nn ««””iiv obtain ccÛÛ ««‹‹ÆÆcc,, ««ÂÂtt ««‹‹ÆÆccadj obvious hhiiããnn nnhhiiÍÍnn

45

occasion – only

n occasion ddŒŒppadv occasionally tthhÃÃnnhh tthhoo‰‰nnggn occupation nngghhää nngghhiiååppn ocean ««ÂÂii dd‹‹÷÷nnggadv o'clock vv‡‡oo ll˙̇cc ......ggii©©

oddadj 1. strange llÂÂ ll˘̆nngg,, kkˇ̌ qquu••ccphrase 2. odd number ss”” ll»»prep of cc˚̊aaint of course ««‹‹÷÷nngg nnhhiiÍÍnn

offadv 1. away from ««eemm ««ii xxaa prep 2. opposite on llooÂÂii bb’’colloq phr 3. Off you go! ÒÒii nn‡‡yy!!n offence xx˙̇cc pphhÂÂmm

offern 1. proposal ll©©ii ««ää nngghhŒŒv 2. present for approval ««ää nngghhŒŒn office vvÊÊnn pphhÚÚnnggn officer ssÔÔ qquuaann adj official vviiÍÍnn cchhŸŸccadv often tthh‹‹©©nngg xxuuyyÍÍnnint oh! ûû!!

oil n 1. of petroleum dd¿¿uu nnhhßßttv 2. grease bbÙÙii nnhhßßtt,, vvÙÙ dd¿¿uu mm´́int okay OOKK,, ««‹‹ÆÆcc,, ««˙̇nngg,, tt””tt

oldadj 1. opposite new cc¤¤adj 2. opposite young ggii‡‡n old age ttuu∞∞ii ggii‡‡adj old-fashioned kkhhÙÙnngg hhÆÆpp tthh©©ii

oonnprep 1. representing location ttrrÍÍnnadj 2. opposite off mm™™phrase 3. on fire ««aanngg cchh··yyphrase 4. on foot ««ii bb∂∂phrase 5. on time ««˙̇nngg ggii©©phrase 6. on holidays ««aanngg nngghhÃà pphhÈÈppphrase 7. on the left bbÍÍnn ttrr··iiphrase 8. on the right bbÍÍnn pphh‰‰iiphrase 9. on top ™™ ttrrÍÍnn ««ÃÃnnhh

onceadv 1. one time mm∂∂tt ll¿¿nn phrase 2. at once lliiäänn ttŸŸcc kkhh°°cc phrase 3. once a week mmááii ttuu¿¿nn mm∂∂tt ll¿¿nnadj one mm∂∂ttn onion cc˚̊ hh‡‡nnhh adv only dduuyy nnhhŸŸtt,, cchhÃà ccÛÛ mm∂∂tt

46

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed mm™™phrase 2. in the open (outside) ™™ nnggoo‡‡ii ttrr©©iin opening pphh¿¿nn ««¿¿uu,, ssøø kkhhaaii mmÂÂcc

operatev 1. work ««iiääuu kkhhiiããnn,, cchhÂÂyyv 2. carry out surgery mm∞∞n operation ccaa mm∞∞n opinion qquuaann ««iiããmm,, öö kkiiâânnn opportunity cc÷÷ hh∂∂iiv oppose cchh””nngg ««””ii n opposite ttrr‹‹ßßcc mm••tt

orangeadj 1. colour mm‡‡uu ccaammn 2. fruit qquu‰‰ ccaamm n orchestra dd‡‡nn nnhhÂÂcc

ordern 1. numerical sequence tthhŸŸ ttøøn 2. direction for a supply ««÷÷nn ««••tt hh‡‡nnggv 3. put in sequence ss°°pp tthheeoo tthhŸŸ ttøøv 4. arrange supply of ««••tt hh‡‡nnggadj ordinary bbÏÏnnhh tthh‹‹©©nngg

organn 1. musical instrument ««‡‡nn ””nnggn 2. body part bb∂∂ pphh∆∆nn tthh‚‚nn tthhãã n organisation tt∞∞ cchhŸŸcc,, cc÷÷ qquuaannv organise tt∞∞ cchhŸŸcc,, cc√√uu ttÂÂoon origin nngguu““nn gg””ccpron other nngg‹‹©©ii kkhh··cc,, vv∆∆tt kkhh··ccconj otherwise nnââuu kkhhÙÙnngg tthhÏÏ,, kk»»oopron our cc˚̊aa cchh˙̇nngg ttaa,, cchh˙̇nngg ttÙÙii

outadv 1. opposite in bbÍÍnn nnggoo‡‡ii prep 2. out of ™™ bbÍÍnn nnggoo‡‡iiphrase 3. Lights out! TT°°tt ««ËËnn!!phrase 4. made out of cchhââ ttÂÂoo bb¢¢nnggphrase 5. out of bounds kkhhÙÙnngg ««‹‹ÆÆcc ««âânnphrase 6. out of date qquu·· hhÂÂnn phrase 7. out of order hh‹‹,, kkhhÙÙnngg cchhÂÂyy phrase 8. out of work tthh√√tt nngghhiiååppadv outside bbÍÍnn nnggoo‡‡iiadj oval (shape) hhÏÏnnhh bb¿¿uu dd¯̄cc

overadv 1. finished xxoonnggprep 2. pertaining to location ™™ ttrrÍÍnnphrase 3. over and over ll∆∆pp ««ii ll∆∆pp llÂÂiiphrase 4. over there ™™ kkiiaaphrase 5. fall over ttrr˘̆mm llÍÍnnadj overcrowded cchh∆∆tt nnÌÌcchh

47

overdo – pass

v overdo hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nngg qquu·· ttrrßßnnadj overdue qquu·· hhÂÂnnn overhead projector mm··yy cchhiiââuu hhÏÏnnhhv overhear nngghhee llÛÛmmadj overnight qquuaa ««ÍÍmmadv overseas nn‹‹ßßcc nnggoo‡‡iiv oversleep nngg˚̊ qquu·· ggii√√ccv overtake qquuaa mm••ttv owe nnÆÆphrase owing to (due to) bb™™ii,, ddoo

ownv 1. have ccÛÛphrase 2. his own money ttiiäänn cc˚̊aa bb‰‰nn tthh‚‚nn nngg‹‹©©ii ««ÛÛn owner cchh˚̊ nnhh‚‚nnn oxygen dd‹‹´́nngg kkhhÌÌ

Pv pack ««ÛÛnngg ggÛÛiiphrase pack of cards ccáá bb‡‡iin packet ggÛÛii nnhh’’n pad (as note-pad) tt∆∆pp ggii√√yyn paddock bb„„ii nnuuÙÙii nnggøøaan page ttrraannggpt v paid *see payn pain ssøø ««aauu ««ßßnnv paint ss÷÷nn,, vvÎÎn painting bbŸŸcc ttrraannhhn pair ««ÙÙii adj pale tt··ii,, xxaannhh xxaaoon pan cc··ii cchh‰‰oon pants qquu¿¿nn,, qquu¿¿nn llÛÛttn pantyhose qquu¿¿nn llÛÛtt ccÛÛ vvßß dd‡‡iin paper ggii√√yy n paragraph ««ooÂÂnnadj parallel ssoonngg ssoonnggn parallelogram hhÏÏnnhh bbÏÏnnhh hh‡‡nnhhn parent cchhaa,, mmÀÀ

parkn 1. green space ccÙÙnngg vviiÍÍnnv 2. as a car ««∆∆uu xxeen part bb∂∂ pphh∆∆nn,, pphh¿¿nnn participle (grammar) pphh‚‚nn ttÿÿ adj particular cc·· bbiiååttn partner cc∂∂nngg ssøø,, ««””ii tt··ccadj part-time bb··nn tthh©©ii ggiiaannn party (gathering) lliiÍÍnn hhooaann

passv 1. go by ««ii qquuaav 2. opposite of fail tthhii ««∆∆uu

48

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over cchhuuyyããnnn 4. train pass vvÈÈ tt‡‡uu xxee ((tthh··nngg,, ttuu¿¿nn))n passage ll””ii ««iin passenger hh‡‡nnhh kkhh··cchhn passport hh∂∂ cchhiiââuu

pastn 1. time gone by qquu·· kkhhŸŸphrase 2. walk past bb‹‹ßßcc nnggaanngg,, ««ii qquuaaphrase 3. half past three bbaa ggii©© rr‹‹´́iiphrase 4. past tense tthhÏÏ qquu·· kkhhŸŸn pasta bb∂∂tt ss√√yy kkhhÙÙ

pasten 1. glue bb∂∂tt nnhh„„oov 2. stick with paste dd··nn bb¢¢nngg hh““n path ««‹‹©©nngg ««ii

patientn 1. a person under medical bbåånnhh nnhh‚‚nn

treatment

adj 2. calm under stress kkiiÍÍnn nnhh≈≈nnn pause ssøø ttÂÂmm nngghhÃÃn paw cchh‚‚nn ccÛÛ mmÛÛnngg nnhhÜÜnn

payn 1. earnings ttiiäänn ll‹‹÷÷nnggv 2. provide with money ttrr‰‰ ttiiäännn pea hhÂÂtt ««∆∆uu HH‡‡ LLaannn peace hhÚÚaa bbÏÏnnhhadj peaceful tthh··ii bbÏÏnnhh,, tthhaannhh tthh‰‰nnn pen cc‚‚yy vviiââttn pencil vviiââtt cchhÏÏn pencil case hh∂∂pp ««øønngg vviiââtt cchhÏÏn penguin cchhiimm cc··nnhh cc¯̄ttn pentagon hhÏÏnnhh nnÊÊmm ggÛÛccn pepper hhÂÂtt ttiiÍÍuuadv per cent pphh¿¿nn ttrrÊÊmmn percentage ttõõ llåå pphh¿¿nn ttrrÊÊmmadj perfect hhoo‡‡nn ttoo‡‡nnv perform tthhii hh‡‡nnhh,, ttrrÏÏnnhh ddiiÕÕnnn perfume dd¿¿uu tthh÷÷mmadv perhaps ccÛÛ llÎÎ

periodn 1. school day division ttiiââtt hhÜÜccn 2. pertaining to menstruation kkiinnhh nngguuyyååttn 3. amount of time tthh©©ii kkˇ̌n permission ssøø cchhoo pphhÈÈpp

permitn 1. licence ggii√√yy pphhÈÈppv 2. allow cchhoo pphhÈÈppn person nngg‹‹©©iiv persuade tthhuuyyââtt pphh¯̄cc

49

pet – plate

n pet vv∆∆tt nnuuÙÙii kkiiããnnggn petrol xxÊÊnngg dd¿¿uuabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy bb‰‰nn ssaaoo cchh¯̄pp

photographn 1. picture ‰‰nnhhv 2. take a picture cchh¯̄pp ‰‰nnhhn phrase cc‚‚uuadj physical tthhuu∂∂cc vv∆∆tt cchh√√tt,, tthhãã lløøccn pianist nngghhåå ssÔÔ dd‹‹÷÷nngg cc¿¿mmn piano dd‹‹÷÷nngg cc¿¿mm

pickv 1. choose lløøaa cchhÜÜnncolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) cchhÃà ttrrÌÌcchh aaiicolloq phr 3. pick up some English hhÜÜcc ««‹‹ÆÆcc ÌÌtt AAnnhh NNggªª bb¢¢nngg tthhøøcc hh‡‡nnhh phrase 4. take your pick ccŸŸ cchhÜÜnn ««iin picnic bbuu∞∞ii ÊÊnn nnggoo‡‡ii ttrr÷÷ÏÏn picture hhÏÏnnhh ‰‰nnhhn piece mmiiâânngg,, tt√√mmn pile ccÜÜcc,, ««””nnggn pill vviiÍÍnn tthhuu””ccn pillow cc··ii gg””iin pilot pphhii ccÙÙnnggn pin ««iinnhh gghhiimmn pineapple qquu‰‰ ddŸŸaan pipe ””nngg ««iiââuu,, ttƒƒuu

pityn 1. shame ««iiääuu ««··nngg ttiiââccv 2. feel sorry for cc‰‰mm tthh√√yy tthh‹‹÷÷nngg hhÂÂii

placen 1. location ««ŒŒaa ««iiããmmv 2. put ««••ttphrase 3. take place (occur) xx‰‰yy rraaphrase 4. my place (home) ™™ nnhh‡‡ ttÙÙii

plainn 1. field ««““nngg bb¢¢nnggadj 2. ordinary ««÷÷nn ggii‰‰nnphrase 3. It's plain (clear) rrıı nnhh‹‹ bbaann nngg‡‡yy

plann 1. scheme kkââ hhooÂÂcchhv 2. organise ddøø kkiiâânn,, ttrr˘̆ ttÌÌnnhhabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet hh‡‡nnhh ttiinnhhn plant tthhøøcc vv∆∆tt

plasticn 1. resinious substance cchh√√tt dd»»ooadj 2. mouldable ddÕÕ ttÂÂoo hhÏÏnnhhn plate (household item) ««ÔÔaa

50

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station tthhäämm ggaan 2. for diving bbøøcc bbåå,, cc¿¿uu nnhh‰‰yyn platypus ccoonn rr··ii mm’’ vvŒŒtt

playn 1. drama vv™™ kkŒŒcchhv 2. have fun vvuuii cchh÷÷iiphrase 3. play a game cchh÷÷ii mm∂∂tt ttrr∆∆nn,, mm∂∂tt ttrrÚÚ cchh÷÷iiphrase 4. play a CD cchhoo cchhÂÂyy ««ÔÔaa CCDDn playground ss‚‚nn cchh÷÷iiadj pleasant ddŒŒuu dd‡‡nngg,, tthhÌÌcchh tthh˙̇int please xxiinn mm©©iiadj pleased hh‡‡ii llÚÚnnggn pleasure nniiäänn vvuuii tthhÌÌcchhn plenty tthh©©ii ssuunngg tt˙̇cc

plugn 1. stopper nn˙̇tt cchh∆∆mm n 2. electrical pphhÌÌcchh cc°°mmphr v 3. plug in cc°°mm vv‡‡oo

pluraladj 1. more than one ™™ ss”” nnhhiiääuun 2. grammar form ss”” nnhhiiääuuprep plus cc∂∂nngg vvßßii

pocketn 1. pouch tt˙̇iin 2. pocket money ttiiäänn dd¢¢nn tt˙̇iin poem bb‡‡ii tthh÷÷n poet tthhii ssÔÔn poetry tthhii ccaa,, tthh÷÷

pointn 1. sharp end ««¿¿uu nnhhÜÜnnn 2. reason öö kkiiâânn rriiÍÍnnggn 3. numerical value ««iiããmmv 4. gesture with finger cchhÃà ttaayyphr v 5. point out ll‹‹uu ööphrase 6. point of view qquuaann ««iiããmmv poke hhuuööcchh,, ««ƒƒyy,, cchhÜÜcc tthh˚̊nnggn pole ccøøcc,, ss‡‡oon police cc‰‰nnhh ss··tt

polishn 1. substance used for shining dd¿¿uu ««··nnhh bbÛÛnnggv 2. make glossy ««··nnhh bbÛÛnnggadj polite llÕÕ pphhÈÈppn politics ««©©ii ss””nngg cchhÌÌnnhh ttrrŒŒv pollute ll‡‡mm ÙÙ nnhhiiÕÕmmn pollution ssøø ÙÙ nnhhiiÕÕmmn pool (of water) vv¤¤nngg nn‹‹ßßcc

51

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich nngghhËËooadj 2. not very good dd™™colloq 3. pitiable tt∂∂ii nngghhiiååppabbrev pop *see popularadj popular ««‹‹ÆÆcc nnhhiiääuu nngg‹‹©©ii ‹‹aa tthhÌÌcchh,, ÊÊnn kkhh··cchhn population dd‚‚nn ss””

positionn 1. location vvŒŒ ttrrÌÌn 2. viewpoint on qquuaann ««iiããmm

positiveadj 1. opposite negative ttÌÌcchh ccøøccadj 2. sure kkhh££nngg ««ŒŒnnhhv possess ccÛÛ,, ss™™ hhªªuun possession ssøø cchhiiââmm hhªªuuadj possible ccÛÛ tthhãã tthhøøcc hhiiåånn ««‹‹ÆÆccn possum tthh˙̇ ccÛÛ tt˙̇ii ÙÙ pp””ttv post bb’’ tthh‹‹n postage stamp tteemm bb‹‹uu cchhÌÌnnhhn postcard bb‹‹uu tthhiiââppn post office nnhh‡‡ bb‹‹uu ««iiåånnn poster ttrraannhh iinn ttoo,, bbÌÌcchh cchh‹‹÷÷nnggn pot (container) nn““ii,, √√mm ttrrÚÚnnn potato cc˚̊ kkhhooaaiin pot plant cchh∆∆uu cc‚‚yyn pouch bbaaoo nnhh’’n powder bb∂∂tt

powern 1. strength ssŸŸcc mmÂÂnnhhphrase 2. in power (in charge) ««aanngg nn°°mm qquuyyäännadj powerful qquuyyäänn tthhââ llßßnn,, mmÂÂnnhh mmÎÎphrase power point ∞∞ cc°°mm ««iiåånnadj practical tthhøøcc hh‡‡nnhhn practice hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nngg tthhøøcc ttiiÕÕnnv practise tt∆∆pp lluuyyåånn

praisen 1. approval ssøø ccaa nnggÆÆii,, kkhheennv 2. express approval ccaa nnggÆÆii,, kkhheennv pray cc¿¿uu nngguuyyåånnn prayer ll©©ii cc¿¿uu nngguuyyåånnadj precious qquuöö ggii··v prefer tthhÌÌcchh ggÏÏ ««ÛÛ hh÷÷nnadj pregnant ccÛÛ mmaannggn prejudice tthh‡‡nnhh kkiiâânn

premiern 1. state government leader tthh˚̊ hhiiâânnadj 2. leading dd≈≈nn ««¿¿uun preparation ssøø cchhuuƒƒnn bbŒŒ

52

prepare – progress

v prepare cchhuuƒƒnn bbŒŒn preposition ggiißßii ttÿÿn prescription (doctor's) ttooaa tthhuu””cc

presentn 1. gift tt••nngg pphhƒƒmmv 2. give out ttrraaoo tt••nnggadj 3. opposite absent ccÛÛ mm••ttphrase 4. at present (now) hhiiåånn nnaayyn president tt∞∞nngg tthh””nngg,, cchh˚̊ ttŒŒcchh

pressn 1. media bb··oo cchhÌÌv 2. push tthh˙̇cc ««ƒƒyyv pretend ggii‰‰ vv©©adj pretty xxiinnhh xx°°nnv prevent nnggÊÊnn nnggÿÿaaadj previous ttrr‹‹ßßccn price ggii·· cc‰‰v prick cchh‚‚mm,, cchhÌÌcchhn pride ssøø hh„„nnhh ddiiåånnadj primary nngguuyyÍÍnn tthh˚̊yy,, cchhÌÌnnhh yyââuun primary school ttrr‹‹©©nngg ss÷÷ cc√√ppn prime minister tthh˚̊ tt‹‹ßßnngg

principaln 1. school head hhiiååuu ttrr‹‹™™nnggadj 2. leading nngg‹‹©©ii ««ŸŸnngg ««¿¿uu n principle nngguuyyÍÍnn tt°°cc

printv 1. of handwriting vviiââtt cchhªª iinnv 2. of machine iinnn printer (computer) mm··yy iinnn prison nnhh‡‡ tt˘̆adj private tt‹‹,, rriiÍÍnnggn prize ggii‰‰ii tthh‹‹™™nnggn probability kkhh‰‰ nnÊÊnngg ccÛÛ tthhãã xx‰‰yy rraaadj probable ccÛÛ tthhãã xx‰‰yy rraaadv probably cchh°°cc ll‡‡n problem vv√√nn ««ääv proceed ttiiâânn hh‡‡nnhhn process qquuyy ttrrÏÏnnhh,, cc··cchh tthhŸŸccn procession ««··mm rr‹‹ßßcc

producen 1. yield ss‰‰nn pphhƒƒmm v 2. make ss‰‰nn xxuu√√ttn product ss‰‰nn pphhƒƒmmn profession nngghhään professor ggii··oo ss‹‹n profit ll©©ii,, ll„„iin program cchh‹‹÷÷nngg ttrrÏÏnnhhn progress ttiiâânn bb∂∂

53

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) ddøø ··nnpromise

n 1. assurance ssøø ccaamm kkââtt,, ll©©ii hhŸŸaav 2. vow ccaamm kkââttn pronoun ««ÂÂii ddaannhh ttÿÿv pronounce pphh··tt ‚‚mmn pronunciation cc··cchh pphh··tt ‚‚mmn proof bb¢¢nngg cchhŸŸnnggadj proper ««˙̇nngg cc··cchhadv properly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh tthhÌÌcchh ««··nnggn property tt‡‡ii ss‰‰nnv protect cchhee cchh™™n protection ssøø cchhee cchh™™

protestn 1. objection ssøø pphh‰‰nn kkhh··nngg,, pphh‰‰nn ««””iiv 2. object pphh‰‰nn kkhh··nnggadj proud hh„„nnhh ddiiåånnv prove cchhŸŸnngg mmiinnhh,, cchhŸŸnngg tt’’v provide ccuunngg cc√√ppn pub qquu··nn rr‹‹ÆÆuuadj public ccÙÙnngg cc∂∂nnggn public school ttrr‹‹©©nngg ttiiããuu hhÜÜcc dd‚‚nn ll∆∆ppphrase public transport cchhuuyyÍÍnn cchh™™ ccÙÙnngg cc∂∂nngg

pullv 1. tug llÙÙii,, kkÈÈoophr v 2. pull down (demolish) ggiiøøtt ss∆∆ppphr v 3. pull up (stop) ddÿÿnngg llÂÂiicolloq phr 4. pull oneself together ggiiªª bbÏÏnnhh ttÔÔnnhhn pump cc··ii bb÷÷mmadj punctual ««˙̇nngg ggii©©v punish ttrrÿÿnngg pphhÂÂttn punishment ssøø ttrrÿÿnngg pphhÂÂtt

pupiln 1. eye part ccoonn nngg‹‹÷÷iin 2. school student hhÜÜcc ssiinnhhadj pure ttiinnhh kkhhiiââttadj purple mm‡‡uu ttÌÌaa

pushv 1. exert force ««ƒƒyyphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) ll√√nn vv‡‡oo

putv 1. place ««ããphr v 2. put away (pack up) cc√√tt ««iiphr v 3. put off (delay) hh˚̊yy bb’’,, tthhoo··ii tthh··ccphr v 4. put on (dress in) mm••ccphr v 5. put out (as fire) dd∆∆pp tt°°ttphr v 6. put up with (endure) cchhŒŒuu ««øønnggn puzzle cc‚‚uu ««””n pyjamas qquu¿¿nn ··oo nngg˚̊

54

pyramid – realise

n pyramid kkiimm ttøø tthh··pp

Qv qualify (make competent) ««ÂÂtt tt‹‹ cc··cchh,, hh∂∂ii ««˚̊ ««iiääuu kkiiåånnadj quality ccÛÛ cchh√√tt ll‹‹ÆÆnnggn quantity ss”” ll‹‹ÆÆnnggv quarrel cc„„ii nnhhaauu,, ttrraannhh cchh√√ppn quarter mm∂∂tt pphh¿¿nn tt‹‹n queen nnªª hhoo‡‡nnggn question cc‚‚uu hh’’iin queue xxââpp hh‡‡nngg nn””ii ««uuÙÙii nnhhaauuadj quick llÀÀ,, mmaauuadv quickly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh mmaauu llÀÀadj quiet yyÍÍnn ll••nnggadv quietly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh ÍÍmm ‰‰v quit rr©©ii kkhh’’ii,, nngghhÃÃadv quite hhoo‡‡nn ttoo‡‡nn

Rrace

n 1. competition ccuu∂∂cc ««uuaan 2. ethnicity cchh˚̊nngg tt∂∂cc,, ss°°cc tt∂∂ccv 3. compete tthhaamm ddøø vv‡‡oo ccuu∂∂cc ««uuaa,, tthhii ««uuaan racism cchh˚̊ nngghhÔÔaa pphh‚‚nn bbiiåått cchh˚̊nngg tt∂∂ccn radio mm··yy pphh··tt tthhaannhhn radius bb··nn kkÌÌnnhhn railing rr‡‡oo cchh°°nnn railway ««‹‹©©nngg ss°°ttn rain cc÷÷nn mm‹‹aan rain coat ··oo mm‹‹aav raise ««‹‹aa llÍÍnnpt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range llooÂÂtt,, tt¿¿mm bb°°nnv rank cc√√pp bb∆∆cc,, cchhŸŸccadj rapid nnhhaannhhadj rare hhiiââmmn rash (skin eruption) ddaa nn∞∞ii mm¯̄nnadv rather (to a certain extent) ccÛÛ pphh¿¿nn,, hh÷÷iiadj raw ccÚÚnn ss””nngg

reachv 1. arrive at ««ii ««âânn cchháá nn‡‡oophrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) nnggoo‡‡ii tt¿¿mm ttaayyv react pphh‰‰nn ŸŸnnggn reaction ssøø pphh‰‰nn ŸŸnnggv read ««ÜÜccadj ready ss§§nn ss‡‡nnggadj real ccÛÛ tthhøøccv realise nnhh∆∆nn rraa

55

really – republic

adv really tthh∆∆tt ssøøadj rear pphhÌÌaa ssaauu n reason llöö ddoov receive (get) nnhh∆∆nnadj recent gg¿¿nn ««‚‚yyn recess (morning tea) ggii©© ggii‰‰ii llaaoocolloq reckon (think or suppose) nngghhÔÔ ll‡‡v recognise nnhh∆∆nn rraav record tthh‡‡nnhh ttÌÌcchh,, llöö llŒŒcchh

recountn 1. story genre cchhuuyyåånn tthhuu∆∆tt llÂÂiiv 2. narrate kkãã vvää cc··ii ggÏÏ,, tthhuu∆∆tt llÂÂii

recoverv 1. get back ll√√yy llÂÂii ««‹‹ÆÆccv 2. get better hh““ii pphh¯̄ccn rectangle hhÏÏnnhh cchhªª nnhhøøttadj red mm‡‡uu ««’’v reduce ggii‰‰mmv refer nnhh°°cc ««âânn,, tthhaamm cchhiiââuun referee ttrrÜÜnngg tt‡‡iin refrigerator tt˚̊ llÂÂnnhhn refugee nngg‹‹©©ii ttúú nnÂÂnnv refuse ttÿÿ cchh””iin region vv˘̆nnggv regret ttiiââccadj regular ««ääuu ««••nnadv regularly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh ««ääuu ««••nnn relation (kin) nngg‹‹©©ii bb‡‡ ccoonnn relationship mm””ii lliiÍÍnn hhåån relative nngg‹‹©©ii tthh‚‚nn tthhuu∂∂cc,, bb‡‡ ccoonnv relax nnßßii ll’’nngg,, tthh‹‹ ggii„„nnn religion ttÙÙnn ggii··oov remain ccÚÚnn llÂÂiin remark ssøø nnhh∆∆nn xxÈÈttv remember nnhhßß llÂÂiiv remind nnhh°°cc nnhh™™n reminder cc··cchh//««iiääuu nnhh°°cc nnhh™™v remove dd©©ii,, cchhuuyyããnn

rentn 1. payment for accommodation ttiiäänn tthhuuÍÍv 2. hire tthhuuÍÍv repeat ll∆∆pp llÂÂiiv replace tthhaayy tthhââv reply ttrr‰‰ ll©©ii

reportn 1. written account bb‰‰nn bb··oo cc··oov 2. give an account bb··oo cc··oon reporter pphhÛÛnngg vviiÍÍnnn republic cc∂∂nngg hhÚÚaa

56

request – ring

requestn 1. petition ll©©ii yyÍÍuu cc¿¿uu,, ««ää nngghhŒŒv 2. ask for yyÍÍuu cc¿¿uuv rescue cc‹‹˙̇

reserven 1. park kkhhuu bb‰‰oo tt““nnv 2. keep aside dd‡‡nnhh rriiÍÍnnggn resident cc‹‹ dd‚‚nnn respect ssøø kkÌÌnnhh ttrrÜÜnnggn responsibility ttrr··cchh nnhhiiååmmadj responsible cchhŒŒuu ttrr··cchh nnhhiiååmm

restn 1. relaxation ssøø nngghhÃà nngg÷÷iiv 2. relax nngghhÃà nngg÷÷iin 3. remainder pphh¿¿nn ccÚÚnn llÂÂiin restaurant nnhh‡‡ hh‡‡nngg ÊÊnnn rest room nnhh‡‡ vvåå ssiinnhh ccÙÙnngg cc∂∂nnggn result kkââtt qquu‰‰

returnn 1. arrival back ssøø ttrr™™ vvääv 2. go back to ttrr™™ llÂÂii,, ttrr™™ vvããv 3. give back to ttrr‰‰ llÂÂiiphrase 4. return tickets vvÈÈ kkhhŸŸ hh““ii

reverseadj 1. opposite forward nngg‹‹ÆÆccv 2. go backwards ««ii ll˘̆ii,, ddee xxeev revise ««ÜÜcc llÂÂii

revolutionn 1. full circle vvÚÚnngg qquuaayyn 2. war cc··cchh mmÂÂnnggn reward tthh‹‹™™nnggn rhythm nnhhŒŒpp ««iiååuun ribbon dd‰‰ii rruuyy bbÊÊnnggn rice ggÂÂooadj rich ggii‡‡uu ccÛÛv rid ggii‰‰ii tthhoo··ttv ride cc‹‹´́ii

rightadj 1. opposite wrong ««˙̇nnggadj 2. opposite left ttaayy pphh‰‰iiadv 3. direction ssaanngg bbÍÍnn pphh‰‰iin 4. just claim cc··ii ««˙̇nngg,, qquuyyäännphrase 5. all right (as for health) tt””ttphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) ««‹‹ÆÆccphrase 7. right now (immediately) nnggaayy bb‚‚yy ggii©©n right angle ggÛÛcc ccÂÂnnhh ««˙̇nngg

ringn 1. jewellery nnhh≈≈nnv 2. as a phone rrÈÈoo,, rruunngg

57

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell kkÍÍuu lleenngg kkeennggadj ripe cchhÌÌnn mm˘̆ii

risen 1. ascent ttÊÊnngg llÍÍnnv 2. get up mmÜÜcc llÍÍnn,, dd‚‚nngg llÍÍnnn risk rr˚̊ii rroon river ccoonn ssÙÙnnggn road ««‹‹©©nngg ««iiv roar gg¿¿mm,, gg‡‡oon robot nngg‹‹©©ii mm··yyn rock ««··n rockpool hh““ ««··n rod cc··ii gg∆∆yy,, cc¿¿nnpt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list ddaannhh ss··cchh ttÍÍnn,, bb‰‰nngg ««iiããmm ddaannhhn 2. form of bread ∞∞ bb··nnhhv 3. move by turning over llÊÊnnn roof mm··ii nnhh‡‡n room pphhÚÚnnggn root rrÕÕn rope dd‚‚yy tthhÿÿnngg

rosen 1. flower bbÙÙnngg hh““nnggpt v 2. *see rise

adj rough tthhÙÙ,, gg““ gghhääround

adj 1. circular ttrrÚÚnnphrase 2. round the corner ™™ ggÛÛcc ««‹‹©©nngg

rown 1. arrangement in a line dd„„yyn 2. fight ssøø cc„„ii nnhhaauuv 3. as a boat cchhËËooadj royal tthhuu∂∂cc hhoo‡‡nngg ggiiaav rub cchh‡‡ xx··ttn rubber ccaaoo ssuun rubbish rr··cc rr‹‹™™iiadj rude bb√√tt llŒŒcchh ssøø,, tthhÙÙ llááv ruin ll‡‡mm ttaann nn··tt

rulen 1. regulation pphhÈÈpp tt°°ccv 2. as a line kk»» ddÚÚnnggv 3. govern tthh””nngg ttrrŒŒn ruler (school equipment) cc‚‚yy tthh‹‹ßßcc

runv 1. move fast cchhÂÂyyphrase 2. a river runs into the ocean ccoonn ssÙÙnngg cchh‰‰yy rraa bbiiããnnphr v 3. run away from cchhÂÂyy kkhh’’iiphr v 4. run out of hhââtt

58

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) cc··nn llÍÍnnn rung (of a ladder) bb∆∆cc tthhaannggn runner-up nngg‹‹©©ii vvää nnhhÏÏ ttrroonngg ccuu∂∂cc tthhiiphrase runny nose ss∞∞ mm¤¤iiv rush xxÙÙnngg ttßßii,, vv∂∂ii

Sadj sad bbuu““nnadj safe aann ttoo‡‡nnpt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship bbuu““mmv 2. cause movement of ship ««ii tthhuuyyäänn bbuu““mm

using wind

n salad rraauu ttrr∂∂nn dd¿¿uu dd°°mmn salary ll‹‹÷÷nnggn sale vviiååcc bb··nn hh‡‡nngg,, bb··nn hh ggii··n salt mmuu””iiadj same cc˘̆nngg mm∂∂ttn sand cc··ttn sandal ddÈÈppn sandwich bb··nnhh ssÊÊnngg uuööcchhpt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction ssøø ttooÂÂii nngguuyyåånn,, hh‡‡ii llÚÚnnggadj satisfactory tthh’’aa ««··nnggadj satisfied cc‰‰mm tthh√√yy hh‡‡ii llÚÚnnggv satisfy tthh’’aa mm„„nnn sauce nn‹‹ßßcc cchh√√mmn sausage dd““ii

savev 1. rescue ccŸŸuuv 2. keep on computer ll‹‹uu ttrrªªv 3. keep as money ««ãã dd‡‡nnhh

sawn 1. tool cc··ii cc‹‹aapt v 2. *see see

v say nnÛÛiiscale

n 1. covering on animals vv‰‰yyn 2. measuring device cc··ii cc‚‚nnadj scarce kkhhaann hhiiââmmn scarf kkhhÊÊnn qquu‡‡nnggn scene qquuaanngg cc‰‰nnhhn scenery cc‰‰nnhh vv∆∆ttn school ttrr‹‹©©nngg hhÜÜccn school shoe ggii‡‡yy mmaanngg ««ii hhÜÜccn science kkhhooaa hhÜÜccn scissors cc··ii kkÈÈoo

59

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game bb‡‡nn tthh°°nngg,, ss”” ««iiããmmv 2. to get points ll‡‡mm bb‡‡nn,, gghhii bb‡‡nn tthh°°nnggv scream gg‡‡oo tthhÈÈttn screen bbÏÏnnhh pphhoonnggn screw ««iinnhh vvÌÌttn sea bbiiããnnn seagull cchhiimm bbiiããnn

searchn 1. the act of searching ssøø kkhh··mm xxÈÈttv 2. look for ll¯̄cc ssoo··ttn season mm˘̆aan seat gghhââ,, cchháá nngg““ii

secondn 1. unit of time ggii‚‚yyadj 2. after first tthhŸŸ nnhhÏÏadv secondly hh÷÷nn nnªªaa

secretn 1. something hidden ««iiääuu bbÌÌ mm∆∆ttadj 2. unknown by others bbÌÌ mm∆∆ttn section ««ooÂÂnn,, pphh¿¿nnv see nnhhÏÏnn tthh√√yy,, tthh√√yyn seed hhÂÂtt ggii””nnggv seek ttÏÏmm kkiiââmmadv seldom hhiiââmm kkhhii,, kkhhÙÙnngg tthh‹‹©©nngg hhaayyv select ttuuyyããnn cchhÜÜnnadj selfish ÌÌcchh kkõõv sell bb··nnv send gg∫∫ii

sensen 1. one of the five faculties ggii··cc qquuaannphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) ccÛÛ nngghhÔÔaa ccÛÛ tthhãã hhiiããuu ««‹‹ÆÆccadj sensible bbiiââtt ««iiääuupt v sent *see sendn sentence cc‚‚uu

separateadj 1. disconnected rriiÍÍnngg rrÎÎv 2. to keep apart nnggÊÊnn cchhiiaan sequence cchhuuááii ssøø kkiiåånn,, hh‡‡nnhh ««∂∂nnggn series llooÂÂtt

seriousadj 1. important nngghhiiÍÍmm ttrrÜÜnnggadj 2. opposite of lighthearted nngghhiiÍÍmm tt˙̇ccn servant ««¿¿yy ttßßv serve pphh¯̄cc vv¯̄n service ddŒŒcchh vv¯̄

setv 1. to put in a particular place ««ÂÂtt vv‡‡oo vvŒŒ ttrrÌÌ xx··cc ««ŒŒnnhhn 2. a group of things mm∂∂tt bb∂∂

60

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) bb°°tt ««¿¿uu cchhuuyyâânn ««iiphr v 4. set out (put in order) ss°°pp xxââppphr v 5. set up (prepare) tthhiiââtt ll∆∆pp

settlev 1. to live in ««ŒŒnnhh cc‹‹ phr v 2. settle on (agree on) tthh’’aa tthhuu∆∆nnn settlement ssøø tthh’’aa tthhuu∆∆nnn settler nngg‹‹©©ii kkhhaaii hhooaannggadj several ddÊÊmm bbaav sew kkhh‚‚uun sex ggiißßii ttÌÌnnhhn sexism pphh‚‚nn bbiiåått ««””ii xx∫∫ bb™™ii ggiißßii ttÌÌnnhhn shade bbÛÛnngg mm··ttn shadow bbÛÛnngg,, mm‰‰nngg tt””iiv shake ll°°ccv shall ssÎÎadj shallow nnÙÙnngg ccÂÂnnn shame ssøø xx√√uu hh∞∞n shampoo xx‡‡ bbÙÙnngg,, dd¿¿uu gg∂∂ii ««¿¿uun shape hhÏÏnnhh tthh˘̆

sharen 1. portion pphh¿¿nn v 2. divide up cchhiiaa adj sharp ss°°cc,, bbÈÈnnn sharpener dd¯̄nngg cc¯̄ mm‡‡ii bbÈÈnnv shave ccÂÂoo rr‚‚uupron she ccÙÙ,, bb‡‡ √√yyn sheep ccoonn ttrrÿÿuu

sheetn 1. of paper tt©©n 2. of bedding tt√√mm rraa ttrr‰‰ii ggii‹‹©©nnggn shelf mm••tt tthhäämmn shell (of sea) vv’’ ””ccn shelter nn÷÷ii nn‹‹÷÷nngg ttøøaav shine cchhiiââuu ss··nnggadj shiny ss··nngg bbÛÛnnggn ship tt‡‡uu tthh˚̊yyn shirt ··oo ss÷÷ mmiin shock cc˙̇ vvaa cchhÂÂmm mmÂÂnnhh,, cc˙̇ ss””ccn shoe ggii‡‡yyv shoot bb°°nn vv‡‡oo aaii,, cc··ii ggÏÏ

shopn 1. place to buy goods hh‡‡nnggv 2. buy goods ««ii mmuuaa ss°°mmn shore bb©© bbiiããnn,, bb©© hh““

shortadj 1. opposite tall ll˘̆nn,, tthh√√ppadj 2. opposite long nngg°°nnn short cut ««‹‹©©nngg tt°°tt

61

shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) qquu¿¿nn nngg°°nn,, qquu¿¿nn ssooÜÜccshot

n 1. gunfire pphh··tt ss˙̇nngg,, cc˙̇ bb°°nnpt v 2. *see shoot

v should pphh‰‰iiv shout tthhÈÈtt llßßnnv shove xxÙÙ ««ƒƒyy mm∂∂tt cc··cchh tthhÙÙ bbÂÂoo

showv 1. display cchhoo xxeemm,, xxuu√√tt ttrrÏÏnnhhn 2. as on TV bbuu∞∞ii ttrrÏÏnnhh ddiiÕÕnn phr v 3. show off (be pretentious) pphhÙÙ ttrr‹‹÷÷nngg

showern 1. weather condition mm‹‹aa rr‡‡oov 2. wash oneself tt°°mm bb¢¢nngg vvÚÚii hhooaa sseennn 3. bathroom apparatus vvÚÚii hhooaa sseennv shrink ccoo llÂÂiiv shut ««ÛÛnnggadj shy ee llåå,, rr¯̄tt rrËËadj sick bbŒŒ bbŒŒnnhhn sick bay bbŒŒnnhh xx··n side ccÂÂnnhhadv sideways nnggaannggn sight tthhŒŒ lløøcc

signn 1. information board bb‰‰nngg hh‹‹ßßnngg dd≈≈nnv 2. write one's signature kköö ttÍÍnnn signal ttÌÌnn hhiiååuun signature cchhªª kköö n sign language nnggÙÙnn nnggªª dd˘̆nngg kköö hhiiååuun silence ssøø iimm ll••nnggadj silent iimm ll••nnggn silk ll¯̄aaadj silly nngg©© nngghhååcchhn silver bbÂÂccadj similar tt‹‹÷÷nngg ttøøadj simple ««÷÷nn ggii‰‰nnv sing hh··ttadj single ««÷÷nn,, ««÷÷nn ««∂∂ccn singlet ··oo llÛÛtt,, ··oo tthhuunn kkhhÙÙnngg ccÛÛ ttaayyn singular (grammatical) ss”” ÌÌtt

sinkn 1. tub for washing bb““nn rr∫∫aav 2. go down cchhÏÏmmn Sir (respectful form of address) NNgg‡‡ii,, ‘‘nnggn sister eemm,, cchhŒŒ gg··iiv sit nngg““ii

skatev 1. glide over the ground ddii cchhuuyyããnn bb¢¢nngg ggii‡‡yy ttrr‹‹ÆÆtt bbÊÊnngg hhaayy ccÛÛ bb··nnhh xxeen 2. equipment for skating ggii‡‡yy ttrr‹‹ÆÆtt bbÊÊnngg

62

skateboard – so

n skateboard vv··nn ttrr‹‹ÆÆttn skateboarding mmÙÙnn ttrr‹‹ÆÆtt vv··nnn ski mmÙÙnn ttrr‹‹ÆÆtt ttuuyyââttn skiing mmÙÙnn tthhãã tthhaaoo ttrr‹‹ÆÆtt ttuuyyââttadj skilful kkhhÈÈoo ttaayyn skill ssøø kkhhÈÈoo llÈÈoo,, ttiinnhh xx‰‰oo,, kkœœ nnÊÊnnggn skin ddaa

skipv 1. jump nnhh‰‰yy cc··cchh qquu„„nnggv 2. pass over cchhoo qquuaa ««iin skirt cc··ii vv··yyn sky bb¿¿uu ttrr©©iin slang ttiiâânngg llÛÛnnggv slap tt··tt,, vváán slave kk»» nnÙÙ llååv sleep nngg˚̊adj sleepy bbuu““nn nngg˚̊pt v slept *see sleepn slice ll··tt mm’’nnggv slide ttrr‹‹ÆÆttadj slim mm‰‰nnhh mmaaiin sling dd‚‚yy qquu‡‡nngg,, ««eeoov slip ttrr‹‹ÆÆtt,, ttuu∂∂ttn slipper (type of shoe) ddÈÈpp llÍÍ,, ddÈÈpp ««ii ttrroonngg nnhh‡‡adj slippery ttrr÷÷nn ttrr‹‹ÆÆttv slit rrÜÜcc,, rrÂÂcchh,, ss»» mm∂∂tt kkhhee hh™™n slope dd””cc

slowadj 1. opposite fast cchh∆∆mmadj 2. behind time cchh∆∆mm ll¯̄ttadv slowly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh cchh∆∆mm cchhÂÂppadj small nnhh’’adj smart (clever) tthhÙÙnngg mmiinnhh,, kkhhÙÙnn kkhhÈÈoov smash pphh·· ttaann,, ««∆∆pp ttaann

smelln 1. odour mm˘̆iiv 2. inhale an odour nngg∫∫ii

smilen 1. facial expression nn¯̄ cc‹‹©©iiv 2. make facial expression cc‹‹©©ii mmÃÃmm

smoken 1. visible substance from fire kkhhÛÛiiv 2. inhale a substance hh˙̇ttadj smooth nnhh§§nn,, ttrr÷÷nnn snack bbªªaa ÊÊnn qquuaa llooaan snake ccoonn rr°°nnv sneeze hh°°tt hh÷÷iin snow ttuuyyââttconj so (consequently) cchhoo nnÍÍnn

63

soap – sphere

n soap xx‡‡ bbÙÙnnggn soccer bbÛÛnngg ««··n society xx„„ hh∂∂iin sock (clothing) vvßß

softadj 1. opposite hard mmäämmadj 2. opposite loud ÍÍmm ddŒŒuuadv softly mm∂∂tt cc··cchh ddŒŒuu dd‡‡nnggpt v sold *see sell

solidadj 1. three dimensional figure hhÏÏnnhh bbaa cchhiiääuun 2. matter that is not liquid or gas vv∆∆tt rr°°nn,, cchh√√tt ccŸŸnngg

solutionn 1. answer ll©©ii ggii‰‰iin 2. mixture (scientific) dduunngg ddŒŒcchhv solve ll‡‡mm ss··nngg tt’’,, ggii‰‰iidet some vv‡‡ii bbaan somebody nngg‹‹©©ii nn‡‡oo ««ÛÛn someone aaii ««ÛÛadv sometimes ««ÙÙii kkhhiin son nngg‹‹©©ii ccoonn ttrraaiin song bb‡‡ii hh··ttadv soon cchh££nngg mm√√yy cchh””cc

soreadj 1. painful ««aauun 2. painful spot cchháá ««aauuphrase 3. sore throat vviiÍÍmm hhÜÜnnggadj sorry ll√√yy ll‡‡mm bbuu““nnv sort pphh‚‚nn llooÂÂiin soul lliinnhh hh““nnn sound ‚‚mm tthhaannhhn soup ss˙̇ppadj sour cchhuuaan south hh‹‹ßßnngg nnaamm

spacen 1. outside earth's atmosphere kkhhÙÙnngg ggiiaannn 2. room kkhhoo‰‰nngg ttrr””nngg,, cchháán spade cc··ii mmaaiiadj spare ddøø pphhÚÚnnggv speak nnÛÛiiadj special ««••cc bbiiååttn speech ddiiÕÕnn vvÊÊnn,, ll©©ii nnÛÛii

speedn 1. rapidity tt””cc ««∂∂v 2. go fast cchhÂÂyy nnhhaannhhv spell ««··nnhh vv¿¿nnv spend cchhii ttiiÍÍuupt v spent *see spendn sphere kkhh””ii cc¿¿uu

64

spill – starfish

v spill ll‡‡mm ««∞∞ ttrr‡‡nnv spin xxooaayy ttrrÚÚnnn spirit (soul) ttiinnhh tthh¿¿nnv spit nnhh∞∞ nn‹‹ßßcc mmiiâânnggv splash ll‡‡mm bb°°nn,, vvƒƒyy ttuunngg ttooÈÈv split cchh»»,, tt··cchh,, bb∫∫aav spoil ll‡‡mm hh‹‹ hh’’nnggpt v spoke *see speakn spoon cc··ii mmuuáánnggn sport tthhãã tthhaaoon sports oval ss‚‚nn cchh÷÷ii tthhãã tthhaaoon sports shoe ggii‡‡yy tthhãã tthhaaoo

spotn 1. circular pattern ««””mmn 2. sore mm¯̄nnn 3. place nn÷÷iiv 4. see pphh··tt hhiiåånnv spread ttrr‰‰ii,, ddaanngg rraa

springn 1. season mm˘̆aa xxuu‚‚nnv 2. jump nnhh‰‰yy bb∆∆tt llÍÍnn

spyn 1. person who keeps secret ggii··nn ««iiååpp

watch on others

v 2. watch ddoo tthh··mmsquare

n 1. plane figure hhÏÏnnhh vvuuÙÙnnggadj 2. shaped as a square ccÛÛ hhÏÏnnhh tthh˘̆ vvuuÙÙnnggn staffroom pphhÚÚnngg dd‡‡nnhh cchhoo nnhh‚‚nn vviiÍÍnnn stage ss‚‚nn kkhh√√uun stair cc¿¿uu tthhaanngg

stampn 1. as for postage tteemmv 2. impress a mark on ««ÛÛnngg dd√√uuv 3. strike with foot ggii≈≈mm bbÀÀpp,, ggii∆∆mm cchh‚‚nn

standv 1. take upright position ««ŸŸnnggphr v 2. stand back ««ŸŸnngg ll˘̆ii llÂÂiiphr v 3. stand for (signify) tthhaayy cchhoo,, ccÛÛ nngghhÔÔaaphr v 4. stand up for (defend) ˚̊nngg hh∂∂colloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it) TTÙÙii kkhhÙÙnngg cchhŒŒuu ««‹‹ÆÆcc cc··ii//««iiääuu ««ÛÛn standard ttiiÍÍuu cchhuuƒƒnn

starn 1. astral body nnggÙÙii ssaaoo,, ttiinnhh tt˙̇n 2. famous actor, singer etc. ddiiÕÕnn vviiÍÍnn nn∞∞ii ttiiâânnggadj 3. shape hhÏÏnnhh nnggÙÙii ssaaoon starfish ssaaoo bbiiããnn

65

start – stop

startn 1. beginning ssøø kkhh™™ii ««¿¿uuv 2. begin bb°°tt ««¿¿uu

statev 1. say ttuuyyÍÍnn bb””,, pphh··tt bbiiããuun 2. political division qquu””cc ggiiaa,, ttiiããuu bbaannggn statement ll©©ii pphh··tt bbiiããuu

stationn 1. of railway ttrrÂÂmmn 2. police station ««““nnn statue tt‹‹ÆÆnnggv stay ™™ llÂÂii,,ll‹‹uu llÂÂiiadj steady vvªªnngg cchh°°ccn steak tthhŒŒtt hhoo••cc cc·· cc°°tt ll··tt dd¿¿yy,, tthhŒŒtt bbÌÌtt ttââttv steal ÊÊnn cc°°ppn steam hh÷÷ii nn‹‹ßßccn steel tthhÈÈppadj steep dd””ccn stem xxuu√√tt pphh··tt ttÿÿ

stepv 1. move using feet bb‹‹ßßcc ««iin 2. stair bbøøcc tthhaannggphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) ccooii cchhÿÿnngg bbøøcc tthhaannggn stepbrother ccoonn ttrraaii cc˚̊aa ddÏÏ gghh»»//dd‹‹ÆÆnngg gghh»»n stepfather dd‹‹ÆÆnngg gghh»»n stepmother ddÏÏ gghh»»n stepsister ccoonn gg··ii cc˚̊aa ddÏÏ gghh»»//dd‹‹ÆÆnngg gghh»»

stickv 1. fasten cc‡‡ii,, cc°°mm,, dd··nnn 2. piece of wood gg∆∆yy,, tthhaannhh cc˚̊iiadj sticky ddÌÌnnhh,, nnhhßßpp nnhh··ppadj stiff ccŸŸnngg,, ««••cc qquu··nnhh

stilladv 1. without moving pphh££nngg ll••nngg,, ««ŸŸnngg yyÍÍnnadv 2. yet vv≈≈nnv sting cchh‚‚mm,, ««””tt

stinkn 1. bad odour mm˘̆ii hhÙÙii tthh””iiv 2. smell very bad ccÛÛ mm˘̆ii hhÙÙii tthh””iiv stir qquu∆∆yypt v stole *see stealn stomach bbaaoo tt∫∫,, dd dd‡‡yyn stomach-ache ««aauu bb¯̄nnggn stone ««··pt v stood *see stand

stopn 1. cessation ssøø ddÿÿnngg llÂÂiiv 2. halt ddÿÿnngg llÂÂii

66

store – suburb

n store kkhhoo hh‡‡nnggn storey ttÿÿnnggn storm cc÷÷nn bb„„oon story cc‚‚uu cchhuuyyåånnn stove bbââpp llÚÚn stove top ««ÃÃnnhh bbââpp llÚÚ

straightadj 1. not crooked tthh££nngg tthh°°nnadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) tthh££nnggphrase 3. straight ahead tthh££nngg ttrr‹‹ßßcc mm••ttv straighten ll‡‡mm cchhoo tthh££nnggv strain rr··nngg ssŸŸcc,, ll‡‡mm ccÊÊnngg tthh££nnggadj strange xxaa llÂÂn stranger nngg‹‹©©ii llÂÂn strawberry qquu‰‰ dd‚‚uu tt‚‚yyn stream ddÚÚnngg ssuu””iin street ««‹‹©©nngg pphh””n strength ssŸŸcc bbäänn,, cc‹‹©©nngg ««∂∂

stressv 1. put emphasis on nnhh√√nn mmÂÂnnhh n 2. tension tt‚‚mm ttrrÂÂnngg ccÊÊnngg tthh££nnggadj strict nngghhiiÍÍmm nngg••tt

strikev 1. hit ««∆∆ppn 2. blow tt√√nn ccÙÙnngg ««∂∂tt nngg∂∂ttphrase 3. on strike (not working) bb„„ii ccÙÙnnggn string ssÆÆii dd‚‚yyn strip mm‰‰nnhh vv‰‰ii dd‡‡iiv stroke vvuu””tt vveeadj strong (powerful) kkhhoo»» mmÂÂnnhh,, vvªªnnggn struggle ««√√uu ttrraannhhpt v stuck *see stick n student ssiinnhh vviiÍÍnn

study n 1. room of house pphhÚÚnngg ll‡‡mm vviiååccv 2. endeavour to acquire hhÜÜcc

knowledge

stuffn 1. material cchh√√tt lliiååuuv 2. push llËËnn,, nnhh““ii,, nnhhÈÈttadj stupid nngguu ««¿¿nnn style vvÊÊnn pphhoonngg,, pphhoonngg cc··cchh

subjectn 1. course of study mmÙÙnn hhÜÜccn 2. topic ««ää tt‡‡ii n substance cchh√√ttv subtract ttrrÿÿn subtraction ttÌÌnnhh ttrrÿÿn suburb nnggooÂÂii ÙÙ

67

succeed – survey

v succeed tthh‡‡nnhh ccÙÙnnggn success ssøø tthh‡‡nnhh ccÙÙnnggv suck mm˙̇tt,, hh˙̇ttadj sudden tthhÏÏnnhh llÏÏnnhhadv suddenly bb√√tt tthhÏÏnnhh llÏÏnnhhv suffer cchhŒŒuu ««aauu kkhh∞∞,, cchhŒŒuu ««øønnggn sugar ««‹‹©©nnggv suggest ««ää xxuu√√ttn suggestion ssøø ggÆÆii öö

suitn 1. clothing bb∂∂ ‚‚uu pphh¯̄ccv 2. be appropriate hhÆÆpp vvßßiiadj suitable pphh˘̆ hhÆÆppn sum (total) tt∞∞nngg ss””n summer mm˘̆aa hhËËn sun mm••tt ttrr©©iin sunburn xxÂÂmm nn°°nngg,, cchh··yy nn°°nnggn sunglasses kkÌÌnnhh rr‚‚mmn sunhat nnÛÛnn cchhee ««¿¿uu vv‡‡ cc∞∞adj sunny ccÛÛ nn°°nnggn sunscreen tthhuu””cc cchh””nngg nn°°nnggn sunshine ··nnhh nn°°nngg

supplyn 1. provisions hh‡‡nngg ccuunngg cc√√ppv 2. provide ccuunngg cc√√pp

supportn 1. assistance ssøø ggii˙̇pp ««´́,, ttrrÆÆ ggii˙̇ppv 2. provide assistance cchhuu cc√√ppv suppose (assume) cchhoo ll‡‡,, ggii‰‰ ««ŒŒnnhhadj sure cchh°°cc cchh°°nn

surfn 1. seaswell ssÛÛnngg dd‚‚nngg ttrr‡‡oov 2. ride a surfboard ll‹‹ßßtt ssÛÛnnggn surface bbää mm••ttn surfboard vv··nn ll‹‹ßßtt ssÛÛnnggn surfer nngg‹‹©©ii cchh÷÷ii ll‹‹ßßtt ssÛÛnngg

surgeryn 1. doctor's room pphhÚÚnngg mmÂÂcchhn 2. operation by doctor ccuu∂∂cc ggii‰‰ii pphh≈≈uun surname hhÜÜ

surprisen 1. unexpected event ssøø nnggÂÂcc nnhhiiÍÍnnv 2. catch unprepared ll‡‡mm kkiinnhh nnggÂÂccadj 3. unexpected nnggÂÂcc nnhhiiÍÍnnv surrender ««¿¿uu hh‡‡nnggv surround vv‚‚yy qquuaannhh,, bbaaoo vv‚‚yy

surveyn 1. poll ssøø tthhÊÊmm ddÚÚv 2. ask questions of kkhh‰‰oo ss··tt

68

survival – tame

n survival ssøø ss””nngg ssÛÛttv survive ss””nngg ssÛÛtt,, ccÚÚnn llÂÂiin swagman kk»» ss””nngg llaanngg tthhaannggv swallow nnuu””ttpt v swam *see swim

swearv 1. use bad language cchh∫∫ii rr˚̊aa v 2. take oath of truth tthhääv sweep qquuÈÈttadj sweet nnggÜÜttn sweet corn bb°°pp nnggÜÜttn sweet potato kkhhooaaii llaannggv swim bb÷÷iin swimmer nngg‹‹©©ii bb÷÷iin swimming ccuu∂∂cc bb÷÷iin swimming carnival lliiÍÍnn hhooaann bb÷÷ii ll∂∂iin swimming costume qquu¿¿nn ··oo bb÷÷ii ll∂∂ii

swingv 1. sway qquuaayy nnggoo••ttn 2. play equipment cc··ii ««uu

switchn 1. device for turning on/off cc··ii ccÙÙnngg tt°°ccv 2. change cchhuuyyããnn ssaannggadj swollen ss‹‹nnggphrase swollen ankle ss‹‹nngg cc∞∞ cchh‚‚nn//mm°°tt cc·· cchh‚‚nnn sword kkiiââmm,, ««eeoo

Ttable

n 1. furniture cc··ii bb‡‡nnn 2. list bb‰‰nngg,, bbiiããnnn table tennis bbÛÛnngg bb‡‡nnn tablet (medication) vviiÍÍnn tthhuu””ccn tail cc··ii ««uuÙÙii

takev 1. seize ll√√yy

2. last for (as time) mm√√tt cc¿¿uuphr v 3. take away (mathematical) ttrrÿÿ ««iiphr v 4. take away (remove) ll√√yy ««iiphr v 5. take away (fast food) tthhøøcc pphhƒƒmm mmuuaa ««eemm ««iiphr v 6. take off (as clothing) cc™™ii rraaphr v 7. take off (as plane) cc√√tt cc··nnhhn tale cchhuuyyåånn kkãã,, ««““nn ««ÂÂii

talkn 1. conversation ccuu∂∂cc nnÛÛii cchhuuyyåånn v 2. converse nnÛÛii cchhuuyyåånnadj tall ccaaooadj tame ««„„ tthhuu¿¿nn

69

tan – terrific

tanv 1. sunbake ll‡‡mm rr··mm nn°°nnggadj 2. colour mm‡‡uu rr··mm nn°°nnggn tank tthh˘̆nngg,, bbããn tap (as for water) vvÚÚiiv tape (record) gghhii ‚‚mmn task pphh∆∆nn ssøø

tastev 1. sample nnââmmphrase 2. the food tastes good tthhøøcc pphhƒƒmm ÊÊnn tthh√√yy nnggoonnadj tasty ««∆∆mm ««‡‡pt v taught *see teachn tax tthhuuâân taxi xxee tt°°cc xxii

tean 1. beverage nn‹‹ßßcc ttrr‡‡n 2. dinner bbªªaa ttrr‡‡ ccÛÛ ÊÊnn nnhhÀÀ vv‡‡oo bbuu∞∞ii cchhiiääuuv teach ddÂÂyyn teacher tthh¿¿yy ggii··oon teacher's aide nngg‹‹©©ii pphh¯̄ ggii··oon team ««∂∂ii,, tt∞∞

tearv 1. rip xxÈÈ,, ll‡‡mm rr··cchhn 2. liquid from the eye nn‹‹ßßcc mm°°ttv tease ttrrÍÍuu cchhÜÜccn technology kkœœ tthhuu∆∆tt hhÜÜccn teenager tthhaannhh tthhiiââuu nniiÍÍnn

telephonen 1. device for phoning mm··yy ««iiåånn tthhooÂÂiiv 2. ring ggÜÜii ««iiåånn tthhooÂÂiin telephone booth pphhÚÚnngg ggÜÜii ««iiåånn tthhooÂÂiin telescope kkÌÌnnhh vviiÕÕnn vvÜÜnngg

televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts mm··yy ttrruuyyäänn hhÏÏnnhhabbrev 2. TV

v tell kkããn temper tt‚‚mm ttrrÂÂnngg,, ssøø bbøøcc ttŸŸcc,, ggii∆∆nn ddªªn temperature nnhhiiåått ««∂∂n temple ««äänn,, mmiiââuuadj temporary ttÂÂmm tthh©©iin tennis qquu¿¿nn vvÆÆttn tent llääuu

termn 1. a period of time nnhhiiååmm kkˇ̌,, kkˇ̌ hhÂÂnnn 2. a naming word ttÿÿ,, tthhuu∆∆tt nnggªªadj terrible kkhh˚̊nngg kkhhiiââppadj terrific ccøøcc kkˇ̌ llßßnn,, xxuu√√tt ss°°cc

70

test – tie

testn 1. examination bb‡‡ii kkiiããmm ttrraa,, bb‡‡ii tthhiiv 2. check tthh∫∫ nngghhiiååmm,, ttrr°°cc nngghhiiååmmn text bb‰‰nn vvÊÊnn

thankv 1. express appreciation cc‰‰mm ÷÷nnphrase 2. give thanks nngg’’ ll©©ii cc‰‰mm ÷÷nnint 3. thank you (polite expression xxiinn cc‰‰mm ÷÷nn

of gratitude)

thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing mm‡‡conj 2. used as subject of relative rr¢¢nngg,, ll‡‡

clause

det the nngg‹‹©©ii,, cc··iin theatre nnhh‡‡ hh··tt,, rrÂÂpp hh··ttpron their cc˚̊aa hhÜÜ,, cc˚̊aa cchh˙̇nngg nnÛÛpron them hhÜÜ,, cchh˙̇nngg nnÛÛadv then kkhhii ««ÛÛ,, hh““ii √√yyadv there cchháá ««ÛÛconj therefore bb™™ii vv∆∆yy,, cchhoo nnÍÍnn,, vvÏÏ tthhâân thermometer hh‡‡nn tthh∫∫ bbiiããuupron they cchh˙̇nngg,, cchh˙̇nngg nnÛÛ,, hhÜÜadj thick dd‡‡yyn thief kk»» ttrr∂∂mm,, kk»» cc°°ppadj thin mm’’nnggv think ssuuyy nngghhÔÔn thong (footwear) ddÈÈpp NNhhøøtt BB∞∞nn

thoughtn 1. idea tt‹‹ tt‹‹™™nngg,, tt‹‹ dduuyypt v 2. *see think

threadn 1. cotton ssÆÆii lleenn,, ssÆÆii cchhÃÃv 2. put through eye of needle xx‚‚uu ssÆÆii cchhÃÃ xxuuyyÍÍnn qquuaa cc··ii ggÏÏpt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side to xxuuyyÍÍnn qquuaa

another)

v throw nnÈÈmm,, vvŸŸtt,, qquuÊÊnnggn thumb nnggÛÛnn ttaayy cc··iin thunder ttiiâânngg ss√√mmn thunderstorm bb„„ooadv thus nnhh‹‹ tthhââ,, nnhh‹‹ vv∆∆yyv tick (indicate correctness) ««··nnhh dd√√uu kkiiããmm ttrraa bbÍÍnn ccÂÂnnhhn ticket vvÈÈ,, tthh»»n tide tthh˚̊yy ttrriiääuuadj tidy ssÂÂcchh ssÎÎ,, nnggÊÊnn nn°°pp

tien 1. clothing cc‡‡ vvÂÂttv 2. fasten ttââtt,, tthh°°ttn 3. equal place ttrr∆∆nn hhÚÚaa,, hhaaii bbÍÍnn hhÚÚaa nnhhaauu

71

tight – town

adj tight cchh••ttv tilt nngghhiiÍÍnngg

timen 1. measurement of duration tthh©©ii ggiiaannphrase 2. in time (not late) kkŒŒpp ggii©©,, kkŒŒpp ll˙̇ccphrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) ««˙̇nngg ggii©© ««„„ ««ŒŒnnhhphrase 4. at times ««ÙÙii kkhhiiphrase 5. a good time tthh©©ii ggiiaann vvuuii vv»»phrase 6. take your time (don't rush) hh„„yy tthhoonngg tthh‰‰phrase 7. What's the time? MM√√yy ggii©© rr““ii??phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) hhaaii ll¿¿nn bb””nnn timetable tthh©©ii kkhhÛÛaa bbiiããuu

tipn 1. hint mmÀÀoo vv••tt n 2. rubbish dump bb„„ii ««∞∞ rr··ccv 3. tilt ll‡‡mm nngghhiiÍÍnngg ssaanngg mm∂∂tt bbÍÍnnn 4. pointed extremity ««¿¿uu nnhhÜÜnnphr v 5. tip over (spill) ll∆∆tt nngg‹‹ÆÆcc,, ll∆∆tt ˙̇ppn tissue mmÙÙ cc÷÷ tthhãã ««∂∂nngg vv∆∆tt cc‚‚yy cc””ii,, ggii√√yy mm’’nngg llaauu mm••ttn title tt‹‹ßßcc vvŒŒ,, ddaannhh hhiiååuuprep to hh‹‹ßßnngg ttßßii,, tthheeoo hh‹‹ßßnnggn today nngg‡‡yy hhÙÙmm nnaayyn toe nnggÛÛnn cchh‚‚nnadv together cc˘̆nngg nnhhaauu,, llÂÂii vvßßii nnhhaauun toilet nnhh‡‡ vvåå ssiinnhhpt v told *see telln tomato cc‡‡ cchhuuaan tomorrow nngg‡‡yy mmaaiin tongue ll‹‹´́iipt v took *see taken tool dd¯̄nngg cc¯̄n tooth rrÊÊnnggn toothache ««aauu rrÊÊnngg

topn 1. highest point ««ÃÃnnhh,, ««iiããmm ccaaoo nnhhŸŸtt,, mm••tt ttrrÍÍnnn 2. clothing ··oo ««‡‡nn bb‡‡n topic cchh˚̊ ««ääpt v tore *see tear

totaln 1. complete amount tt∞∞nngg ss””v 2. add up tt∞∞nngg cc∂∂nngg llÂÂii v touch ss©©,, cchhÂÂmm,, ««¯̄nnggn tour ccuu∂∂cc ««ii dduu llŒŒcchhv tow kkÈÈoo,, tthh““prep towards tthheeoo hh‹‹ßßnnggn towel kkhhÊÊnn tt°°mmn tower cc··ii tthh··ppn town tthhŒŒ ttrr√√nn,, tthhŒŒ xx„„

72

toy – turn

n toy ««““ cchh÷÷iiv trace tthheeoo aaii vv‡‡ nnhh∆∆nn rraa dd√√uun track (pathway) ««‹‹©©nngg mmÚÚnnn tracksuit qquu¿¿nn ··oo √√mm mm••cc ««ãã tt∆∆pp tthhãã tthhaaoon tractor mm··yy kkÈÈoo,, xxee tt©©--rr°°cc-- tt÷÷

traden 1. exchange of commodities mm∆∆uu ddŒŒcchh,, bbuuÙÙnn bb··nnv 2. carry on trade bbuuÙÙnn bb··nn,, kkiinnhh ddooaannhhn traffic ssøø ggiiaaoo tthhÙÙnngg

trainn 1. means of transport xxee ll∫∫aav 2. practise hhuu√√nn lluuyyåånn,, ««‡‡oo ttÂÂoo

trapn 1. device for catching things cc··ii bb≈≈yyv 2. catch ggiiªª cchh••nn llÂÂiin trapezium hhÏÏnnhh tthhaannggv travel ««ii dduu llŒŒcchhv tread ««ii,, ggii≈≈mm llÍÍnnv treat (as a disease) ««iiääuu ttrrŒŒ,, cchhªªaan tree cc‚‚yyv tremble rruunnn triangle hhÏÏnnhh ttaamm ggii··ccphrase triangular prism llÊÊnngg kkÌÌnnhh ttaamm ggii··ccn tribe bb∂∂ llÂÂccv trick llÿÿaa dd””ii aaiiv trim xxÈÈnn ttÃÃaa,, ««»»oo ggÜÜtt

tripn 1. journey cchhuuyyâânn ««ii v 2. fall over vv√√ppadj tropical tthhuu∂∂cc vv˘̆nngg nnhhiiåått ««ßßii

troublen 1. problem ««iiääuu rr°°cc rr””ii,, llÙÙii tthhÙÙiiv 2. cause worry gg‚‚yy rraa lloo ‚‚uu,, pphhiiäänn pphhŸŸccphrase 3. in trouble with gg••pp rr°°cc rr””ii vvßßii n trousers qquu¿¿nn dd‡‡iin truck xxee cchh™™ hh‡‡nngg,, xxee ccaamm nnhhÙÙnnggadj true tthh∆∆tt,, ««˙̇nnggn trunk (as of elephant) vvÚÚii

tryn 1. attempt tthh∫∫ phrase 2. try hard cc”” gg°°nngg phr v 3. try on (as for clothing) mm••cc tthh∫∫phr v 4. try out for (audition for) tthh∫∫ ttrrÏÏnnhh ddiiÕÕnn ((ggiiÜÜnngg,, ddiiÕÕnn xxuu√√tt))n T-shirt ··oo tthhuunn nngg°°nn ccÛÛ tayn tub bb““nn,, cchh∆∆uu,, bbÏÏnnhhn tube ””nngg

turnv 1. move around qquuaayy

73

twice – urge

n 2. action following someone ll‹‹ÆÆtt else's

phr v 3. turn into (become) ttrr™™ nnÍÍnnphr v 4. turn off (switch off) tt°°ttphr v 5. turn on bb∆∆ttphr v 6. turn up (arrive) rraa mm°°tt,, ««âânn,, xxuu√√tt hhiiåånnadv twice hhaaii ll¿¿nnv twist xxoo°°nn

typen 1. kind llooÂÂiiv 2. use a machine to write ««··nnhh mm··yyn tyre vv’’ xxee

Uadj ugly xx√√uu xxÌÌ,, kkhhÛÛ cchhŒŒuun umbrella cc··ii dd˘̆n uncle ÙÙnngg cchh˙̇,, cc∆∆uuadj unconscious bb√√tt ttÃÃnnhhprep under ™™ dd‹‹ßßiiv undergo pphh‰‰ii ttrr‰‰ii qquuaaadj underground nngg¿¿mm,, dd‹‹ßßii mm••tt ««√√ttv underline ggÂÂcchh dd‹‹ßßiiadv underneath bbÍÍnn dd‹‹ßßiin underpants qquu¿¿nn llÛÛttv understand hhiiããuupt v understood *see understandn underwear qquu¿¿nn ··oo llÛÛttv undo tthh··oo hhoo••cc cc™™ii, mm™™adj unemployed tthh√√tt nngghhiiååppn uniform ««““nngg pphh¯̄ccn union hhiiååpp hh∂∂ii,, lliiÍÍnn hhiiååpp

unitn 1. type of housing ccÊÊnn hh∂∂ ™™ cchhuunngg cc‹‹ n 2. measurement ««÷÷nn vvŒŒv unite hhÆÆpp nnhh√√tt,, ««oo‡‡nn kkââttn universe vv¤¤ ttrr¯̄n university ««ÂÂii hhÜÜccprep until ««âânn mm∂∂tt ll˙̇cc nn‡‡oo,, cchhoo ttßßii kkhhiiadj unusual kkhh··cc tthh‹‹©©nnggprep up (to a higher place) ttßßii,, ™™ vvŒŒ ttrrÌÌ ccaaoo hh÷÷nnprep upon (up and on) ((vvää mm∂∂tt tthh©©ii ««iiããmm ttrroonngg tt‹‹÷÷nngg llaaii)) ««aanngg ttßßii nnhhaannhhadj upper ttrrÍÍnn ccaaoo,, tthh‹‹ÆÆnnggadj upright tthh££nngg ««ŸŸnngg,, nnggaayy tthh££nnggadj upset cc‰‰mm tthh√√yy kkhhÛÛ cchhŒŒuuadj upside-down ««‰‰oo ll∂∂nnadv upstairs ™™ ttrrÍÍnn gg··cc,, ll¿¿uuv urge nn‡‡ii nnÃÃ,, tthh˙̇cc dd¯̄cc

74

urgent – wall

adj urgent kkhhƒƒnn cc√√pppron us cchh˙̇nngg ttaa

usen 1. the act of using vviiååcc xx∫∫ dd¯̄nnggv 2. employ xx∫∫ dd¯̄nnggadj used (not new) cc¤¤

Vn vaccination ssøø cchh˚̊nngg nnggÿÿaaadj vain hh„„oo hhuuyyäänn,, vvÙÙ hhiiååuun valley tthhuunngg ll¤¤nnggadj valuable qquuöö ggii··

valuen 1. worth ggii·· ttrrŒŒv 2. to hold in high esteem ccooii ttrrÜÜnnggn van (truck) xxee tt‰‰iin variety ssøø ««aa ddÂÂnnggv vary tthhaayy ««∞∞iiadj various kkhh··cc nnhhaauun vegetable rraauun vegetable garden vv‹‹©©nn rraauun vegetarian nngg‹‹©©ii ÊÊnn cchhaayyn vehicle xxee cc∂∂n verandah hhiiÍÍnn,, hhËË,, hh‡‡nnhh llaannggn verb ««∂∂nngg ttÿÿadv very rr√√ttabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian yy ssÔÔ tthh˙̇ yyn video (recording) tthhuu vv‡‡ pphh··tt hhÏÏnnhh bb¢¢nngg mm··yy TTVV,, mm··yy vvii--««ÍÍ--ÙÙn view tt¿¿mm nnhhÏÏnn,, qquuaann ««iiããmmn village ll‡‡nnggadj violent hhuunngg ddªª,, mm„„nnhh lliiååttn violin vvÔÔ cc¿¿mmv visit tthhÊÊmm vviiâânnggn visitor nngg‹‹©©ii kkhh··cchh ««âânn tthhÊÊmmn voice ggiiÜÜnngg nnÛÛii,, ttiiâânnggn volleyball (game) mmÙÙnn bbÛÛnngg rr∞∞n volume tthhãã ttÌÌcchh,, qquuyyããnnv vote bb’’ pphhiiââuun vowel nngguuyyÍÍnn ‚‚mmn voyage cchhuuyyâânn ««ii xxaa

Wn wage ll‹‹÷÷nngg bb∞∞nngg,, ttiiäänn ccÙÙnnggv wait cchh©© ««ÆÆiiv wake tthhŸŸcc ggii√√ccv walk ««ii bb∂∂n walkway ll””ii ««ii bb∂∂n wall bbŸŸcc tt‹‹©©nngg

75

wallaby – Web

n wallaby mm∂∂tt llooÂÂii ««ÂÂii tthh∫∫ ((CCÊÊnngg--ggaa--rruu)) nnhh’’n wallet cc··ii vvÌÌv wander ««ii tthh÷÷ tthhƒƒnnv want mmuu””nnn war cchhiiâânn ttrraannhhn waratah bbÙÙnngg wwaarraattaahhn wardrobe tt˚̊ qquu¿¿nn ··ooadj warm (opposite cool) √√mmadj warm-blooded mm··uu nnÛÛnngg,, nnhhiiåått ttÏÏnnhhv warn cc‰‰nnhh cc··oon warning ll©©ii cc‰‰nnhh cc··oopt v was *see be

washv 1. clean with water ggii••tt,, rr∫∫aaphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) rr∫∫aa cchhÈÈnn ddÔÔaa ssaauu bbªªaa ÊÊnnn washing machine (clothes) mm··yy ggii••tt

wastev 1. employ uselessly ll„„nngg pphhÌÌn 2. rejected products rr··cc

watchn 1. timepiece ««““nngg hh““v 2. look at tthheeoo ddııii,, ccooii,, xxeemmphr v 3. watch out (be careful) ccooii cchhÿÿnngg,, ««ää pphhÚÚnngg

watern 1. liquid nn‹‹ßßccv 2. moisten tt‹‹ßßiin watermelon dd‹‹aa hh√√uun wattle tree cc‚‚yy kkeeoo

waven 1. swell of water ssÛÛnnggv 2. make a hand signal vv≈≈yy ttaayyadj wavy ggÆÆnn ssÛÛnnggn wax ss··pp oonngg

wayn 1. road ««‹‹©©nngg ll””iiphrase 2. a long way ™™ xxaaphrase 3. a good way mm∂∂tt cc··cchh hhaayyphrase 4. give way nnhh‹‹©©nngg cchhoo ««ii ttrr‹‹ßßccpron we cchh˙̇nngg ttÙÙiiadj weak yyââuun wealth ssøø ggii‡‡uu ccÛÛadj wealthy ggii‡‡uu ccÛÛn weapon vv¤¤ kkhhÌÌ

wearv 1. erode mmÚÚnn v 2. put on (as for clothing) mm••cc vv‡‡oon web (as for spider) mmÂÂnngg nnhhåånnabbrev Web *see World Wide Web

76

wedding – width

n wedding hhÙÙnn llÕÕ,, ««··mm cc‹‹ßßiin week ttuu¿¿nn llÕÕv weigh cc‚‚nnn weight ssŸŸcc nn••nngg,, ttrrÜÜnngg ll‹‹ÆÆnngg

welcomen 1. a kind greeting ssøø ttiiââpp ««ÛÛnn ‚‚nn cc¿¿nnint 2. You're welcome! (polite KKhhÙÙnngg ccÛÛ ggÏÏ!!

response to thank you)

welln 1. hole in earth cc··ii ggiiâânnggadj 2. in good health mmÂÂnnhh kkhhoo»»adv 3. in a satisfactory manner tt””tt int 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) TT””tt tthhÙÙii!! ØØ tthhÏÏ!!int 5. Well done! LL‡‡mm hhaayy qquu··!! GGii’’ii!! pt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west hh‹‹ßßnngg tt‚‚yy

wetv 1. moisten ll‡‡mm ‹‹ßßttadj 2. opposite dry ‹‹ßßttpron what (interrogative) cc··ii ggÏÏn wheel bb··nnhh xxeepron when (interrogative) kkhhii nn‡‡ooconj whenever bb√√tt ccŸŸ ll˙̇cc nn‡‡oopron where (interrogative) ™™ ««‚‚uu

whichpron 1. what one of a number cc··ii nn‡‡oo

(interrogative)

pron 2. relative (refers to something mm‡‡previously mentioned)

conj while ttrroonngg tthh©©ii ggiiaann mm‡‡,, ttrroonngg kkhhiin whip cc··ii rrooiiv whisper tthhÏÏ tthh¿¿mm

whistlev 1. make a musical sound hhuuöött ss··oo n 2. equipment used to make cc··ii ccÚÚii

a sound

adj white mm‡‡uu ttrr°°nnggn whiteboard bb‰‰nngg ((mm‡‡uu ttrr°°nngg))

whopron 1. interrogative aaiipron 2. relative pronoun nngg‹‹©©ii mm‡‡adj whole ttoo‡‡nn bb∂∂adv why ttÂÂii ssaaooadj wicked ««∂∂cc ··ccadj wide rr∂∂nnggn widow nngg‹‹©©ii ««‡‡nn bb‡‡ ggÛÛaa cchh““nnggn widower nngg‹‹©©ii ««‡‡nn ÙÙnngg ggÛÛaa vvÆÆn width cchhiiääuu rr∂∂nngg

77

wild – write

adj wild hhooaanngg dd„„will

v 1. auxiliary used in future tense ssÎÎn 2. declaration of wishes on ddii cchh˙̇cc

one's death

n 3. choice of one's actions öö mmuu””nnv win tthh°°nngg

windn 1. movement of air ggiiÛÛv 2. turn in a circular way qquuaayycolloq phr 3. wind up (finish) kkââtt tthh˙̇ccphr v 4. wind up (as a clock) llÍÍnn ggii‚‚yyn windmill cc””ii xxaayy ggiiÛÛn window cc∫∫aa ss∞∞n window sill nngg‹‹´́nngg cc∫∫aa ss∞∞adj windy ll∂∂nngg ggiiÛÛn wing cc··nnhhn winter mm˘̆aa ««ÙÙnnggv wipe llaauu cchh˘̆iin wire dd‚‚yy kkiimm llooÂÂii,, dd‚‚yy kkÎÎmmadj wise kkhhÙÙnn nnggooaannn wish ssøø ‹‹ßßcc mmoonngg,, mmoonngg mm’’iiprep with vvßßiiv withdraw (as for money) rr˙̇tt ((ttiiäänn))n witness nngg‹‹©©ii cchhŸŸnnggpt v woke *see waken woman nngg‹‹©©ii ««‡‡nn bb‡‡n wombat ccoonn gg√√uu tt˙̇iipt v won *see winv wonder tthh··nn pphh¯̄cc,, kkiinnhh nnggÂÂccn wood ggáán woodwork ««““ vv∆∆tt ll‡‡mm bb¢¢nngg ggáán wool lleennn word ll©©ii,, ttÿÿ,, ttiiâânnggpt v wore *see wear

workn 1. labour ccÙÙnngg vviiååccv 2. carry out labour ll‡‡mm vviiååccv 3. be operational cchhÂÂyy,, xx∫∫ dd¯̄nngg ««‹‹ÆÆccphr v 4. work out (solve) ttÌÌnnhh rraan world tthhââ ggiißßiin World Wide Web LLiiÍÍnn MMÂÂnngg TToo‡‡nn CC¿¿uuv worry lloo ll°°nnggadv worse xx√√uu hh÷÷nnn worth ggii·· ttrrŒŒv wrap ggÛÛii,, bbÜÜccv wring vv°°tt,, bbÛÛppn wrist cc∞∞ ttaayyv write vviiââtt

78

wrong – zucchini

adj wrong (incorrect) ssaaiipt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web

Xn x-ray qquuaanngg ttuuyyâânn

Yn yacht dduu tthhuuyyäännn yard ss‚‚nnv yawn nngg··ppn year nnÊÊmmadj yellow mm‡‡uu vv‡‡nnggint yes ddÂÂ,, pphh‰‰ii,, ÿÿn yesterday hhÙÙmm qquuaapron you aannhh,, ÙÙnngg,, bb‡‡,, cc··cc ÙÙnngg,, cc··cc bb‡‡adj young ttrr»»pron your (possessive) cc˚̊aa aannhh,, ÙÙnngg,, bb‡‡

Zn zone vv˘̆nnggn zoo vv‹‹©©nn tthh˙̇n zucchini llooÂÂii bbÌÌ xxaannhh nnhh’’ qquu‰‰

79

Appendix 1

Numerals and Ordinals

Symbol Numeral Ordinal

1 one first

2 two second

3 three third

4 four fourth

5 five fifth

6 six sixth

7 seven seventh

8 eight eighth

9 nine ninth

10 ten tenth

11 eleven eleventh

12 twelve twelfth

13 thirteen thirteenth

14 fourteen fourteenth

15 fifteen fifteenth

16 sixteen sixteenth

17 seventeen seventeenth

18 eighteen eighteenth

19 nineteen nineteenth

20 twenty twentieth

30 thirty thirtieth

40 forty fortieth

50 fifty fiftieth

60 sixty sixtieth

70 seventy seventieth

80 eighty eightieth

90 ninety ninetieth

100 one hundred one hundredth

1000 one thousand one thousandth

10000 ten thousand ten thousandth

100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth

1000000 one million one millionth

80

Appendix 2

Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian

El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese

81

Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held

82

Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known

lay laid laid

lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold

send sent sent

show showed showed/shown

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood

wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

83

Analog time 24 hour time

12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours

1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours

2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours

3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours

4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours

5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours

6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours

7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours

8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours

9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours

10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours

11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours

12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours

1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours

2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours

3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours

4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours

5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours

6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours

7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours

8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours

9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours

10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours

11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours

Appendix 4

Times

half past three3.30am or 3.30pm

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

84

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm

three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm

quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm

Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.

Weight (mass) Length Volume

1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre

1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre

1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre

Appendix 6

Weights and measures

Days

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Months

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Units of time

60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 hour

24 hours = 1 day

7 days = 1 week

4 weeks = 1 month

12 months = 1 year

4 years = 1 leap year

10 years = 1 decade

100 years = 1 century

1000 years = 1 millenium

85

Appendix 5

Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time