AB Present Perfect

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    Present Perfect, Past

    Perfect,& Future Perfect

    February 1, 2011

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    Something happened (or never happened) before now,

    at unspecified time in the past.

    [has/have + past participle]

    Present Perfect

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    They have moved into a new apartment

    I have neverseen snow.

    For Example

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    Ever, Never, Already, Yet,

    Still, & Just

    are frequently used with the present perfect.Describe your experience

    Have you evercelebrated Halloween?

    I have driven many times in the past month.

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    Since or for since +a particular time

    for +a duration of time

    We often use since or for to expresses a situation

    that began in the past and continues to the present

    I have been here sinceseven oclock.

    I have lived in Vancouverfor 2years.

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    Check if task is completed

    Still waiting for the action to happen.

    Have you eaten your lunch?

    Yes, I have eaten my lunch.

    No, I havent eaten it yet.

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    Multiple Actions at Different Times

    To talk about several different actions which

    have occurred in the past at different times.

    The army has attacked that city five times.

    I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this

    semester.

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    Active / Passive

    Many tourists have visited that castle.Active

    That castle has been visited by many tourists.Passive

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    Present Perfect Continuous

    [has/have + been + ~ing]

    You have been waiting here for two hours.

    Have you been waiting here for two hours?

    The tense express the duration of an activity thatbegan in the past and continues action to the present.

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    Past Perfect

    [had + past participle]

    I had neverseen such a beautiful beach before I went to Saipan.

    I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

    We are talking about two different events at twodifferent times in the past.

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    We had had that car for ten years before it broke

    down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been

    in London for over eight years

    We talk about something started in the past and continued

    another in the past.

    Duration Before Something in the Past

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    She had visited her Japanese relatives once in

    1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

    Specific Times with the Past Perfect

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    If the Past Perfect is not referring to an

    action at a specific time

    She neversaw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct

    She had neverseen a bear before she moved to Alaska.Correct

    You had previously studied English before you movedto New York.

    Had you previously studied English before you moved

    to New York?

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    Active / Passive

    George had repaired many cars before he

    received his mechanic's license.Active

    Many cars had been repaired by George before he

    received his mechanic's license.Passive

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    Past Perfect Continuous

    [had been + ~ing]

    She had been working at that company for three

    years. She had been working at that company for three

    years when it went out of business.

    Something started in the past and has continued up until anothertime in the past.

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    Future Perfect

    Something will happen before a specific time in the

    future.

    [will have + past participle]

    The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive atthe station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have

    left.

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    Future Perfect Continuous

    [will have been + ~ing]Something will continue up until a particular event time in

    the future.

    You will have been waiting for more than two hours

    when her plane finally arrives.

    He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been

    travelling for 24 hours..

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    Adverb Placementalways, only, never, ever, still, & just.

    You willonlyhave learned a few words.

    Will you onlyhave learned a few words?

    You are only going to have learned a few words.

    Are you only going to have learned a few words?

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    Active / Passive

    They will have completed the project before thedeadline.Active

    The project will have been completed before the

    deadline.Passive

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    Summary

    Present Perfect describes unspecific time in the

    past before now.

    Past Perfect is talking about two different events

    at two different times in the past.

    Something happened before a specific time in the past.

    Future Perfect shows something will happen

    before a specific time in the future.

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    Reference

    http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentp

    erfect.htmlEnglish Grammar by Betty Schrampfer Azar

    edurizon.com/about-2/my-delta-assignments/

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