समय राष्ट्रिय...

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ä k|]ds'df/ zfx;LtfkfOnf, sf7df8f}+

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ä 6xn bfxfn …gjls/0fÚbf]nvf,

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NurNurNurNurNursersersersersery to Class y to Class y to Class y to Class y to Class VIII.VIII.VIII.VIII.VIII.

LABORATORY HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfnsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b} cfPsf] l:j; ;/sf/ljsf; ;xof]u -P;l8;L_n] bf]nvf, /fd]5fk / cf]vn9'+ufsf /fhgLltsbnx¿nfO{ kq n]v]/ /fhgLlts bnsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sfx¿nfO{ u}/;/sf/L;+:yfsf] g]t[Tjdf ga:g cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . kmfu'g @@ df P;l8;Lsfg]kfn lgb]{zs of]u{ lk|m8]gn] …lhNnf k|d'vHo", ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿ÚzLif{s kqdf /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ To:tf] kq k7fPsf x'g\ . kqsf]af]wfy{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L tyf ljsf;sf;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . kqdf P;l8;Lsf] ;xof]udf ;+rflntsfo{qmdx¿df bnut wf/0ffcg';f/ sfd gug{ r]tfjgLo'Qm cfu|x 5 .

P;l8;Ln] /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf lng' df}lns clwsf/sf] s'/fePsfn] To;sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ t/ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf a;]sfx¿u};;sf] g]t[Tjdf /xg gx'g] wf/0ffsf] jsfnt u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL;z:q åGå rls{Psf] ;dodf $ jif{cl3 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nufot !!cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfåf/f x:tfIfl/t …sfo{ ;+rfngsf cfwf/e"tdfu{bz{gÚ ;+:d/0f u/fpg] / u};; dxf;+3sf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf cfwf/dfTo:tf] cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . kqdf …===xfd|f ;xof]unfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] ;}lgs,/fhgLlts jf ;fDk|bflos clek|fosf] nflu k|of]u ug]{ s'/f xfdLnfO{dfGo x'g]5}gÚ elgPsf] 5 eg] u};; dxf;+3sf] cfrf/;+lxtfdf /fhgLltsbnsf] g]t[Tjdf a:g] / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L Ps} ;dodf x'ggkfOg] Joj:yf 5 .

bf]nvfsf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] P;l8;L kIfkftL ePsf] cf/f]knufPkl5 of] ;+:yfn] /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] xf] . b'O{ ;ftfcl3P;l8;Lsf 8]k'6L sG6«L 8fO/]S6/ lhg]ley lkm8/:k]nsf] bf]nvf e|d0fsfa]nf P;l8;Lsf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx¿ /fhgLlts/0f ePsf]k|Zg p7]sf] lyof] . lhg]leyn] To:tf ;d:ofsf] pkrf/ ug]{ cfZjf;glbPsL lyOg\ . lhg]ley sf7df8f}+ kmls{PnuQ} /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{cf}krfl/s kq k7fOPsf] xf] . kqdf elgPsf] 5, …xfnsf dlxgfx¿df s]xLko{j]Ifs tyf /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿n] P;l8;Ln] ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsflhNnfx¿df P;l8;Lsf] lgikIftfdfly lrGtf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .lgikIftfdflysf] lrGtf;DaGWfL a9L cfjfh bf]nvfdf p7]sf] 5 .Ú

kqdf u};; tyf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿df /fhgLlts JolQmx¿sf];DaGw /x]sf] tyf ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿;d]t /fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf;lqmo ¿kn] nfUg] u/]sf] ;d:of cf}+NofPsf] 5, P;l8;Ln], 3'dfp/f]efiffdf . hfgsf/x¿sf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL v'nf /fhgLltdf cfPkl5Psn] csf{nfO{ /fhgLlts bnsf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k ug]{,P;l8;L;dIf bnut cfwf/df sfo{qmdx¿sf] dfu ug]{ k|j[lQ x\jfQa9]sf] 5 . ;|f]t eG5, …klxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq af]nafnf lyof], cGo bnsfg]tfx¿ cfjfh p7fpg ;Qm}gy], clxn] ;a} /fhgLlts :jfy{sf nflucf/f]k–k|Tof/f]ksf] /fhgLlt ub}{ 5g\ .Ú kqdf P;l8;Lsf] ;xof]udf ;+rflntu};;sf sd{rf/Lx¿n] /fhgLlts cfwf/df sfd u/]sf] kfOPdf To:Tffsd{rf/L x6fpg dfu ug]{ ;fdfGo ;t{ dfq /fv]sf] 5}g, /fhgLlts/0fsf]alnof] k|df0f km]nf k/]df ;Demf}tf tf]l8g] vt/f klg cf}+NofPsf] 5 .

bf]nvfsf Pdfn] lhNnf ;lrj b]jz+s/ kf}8]nn] kqnfO{ :jefljs¿kdf lnPsf] atfP . t/, bf]nvfsf sf+u|]; sfo{jfxs lhNnf ;efkltk|bLkdfg dfgGw/n] kqsf af/]df cgle1tf k|s6 u/] . dfGfGw/n] 6]lnkmf]gdfeg], …kqsf af/]df hfgsf/L 5}g .Ú P;l8;Ln] bf]nvf, /fd]5fk / cf]vn9+'ufsfsl/a tL;j6f u};;x¿dfkm{t cfºgf Ps bh{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{cfPsf] 5 . kf/blz{tf / lgikIftfnfO{ d"ndGq dfGg] P;l8;Lsf ;fd'/fhgLlts bnx¿af6 k|ZGf p7]sf]nfO{ P;l8;Lsf lhDd]jf/x¿n] o;nfO{uDeL/tfk"j{s lnPsf] Ps clwsf/L atfp“5g\ . P;l8;Ln] o;cl3 klgk6s k6s df}lvs ?kdf u};;sf] sfdnfO{ /fhgLlts p2]Zon] ;~rfnggug{ / /fhgLlts/0f gug{ cfu|x ub}{ cfPsf] hfgsf/L P;l8;Lsf l;lgo/;]So'l/6L Dofg]h/ 5jfª g'8'kn] lbP .

ä ljZjdl0f kf]v/]n÷sf7df8f}+

;do á r}t *, @)^# 11

l6kf]6

g]kfnl:yt cd]l/sL /fhb"tfjf;n]u}/cfjf;Lo le;f cfj]bgsf] k|lqmof kl/jt{gu/]sf] 5 . r}t !* b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L/fhwfgLaflx/sf cfj]bsx¿ /fhwfgLd}cfpg' kg]{ afWotf kl/jt{g u/L lj/f6gu/,jL/uGh, a'6jn, kf]v/f / g]kfnuGhdf /x]sfglan a+}ssf sfof{nodfkm{t cfj]bga'emfpg ;lsg] gofF Joj:yf ug]{ ePsf]5 . b"tfjf;n] OG6/g]6df u}/cfjf;Lo le;f

kmf/fd /fv]sf] 5 . le;f cfj]bg kmf/fd8fpgnf]8 u/]/ glan a}+ssf] zfvfdfcGtjf{tf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .t/, sDtLdf tL;b]lv ̂ ) lbgcufj} cfj]bglbg' kg]{ b"tfjf;n] atfPsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsfljleGg ljZjljBfnox¿df g ]kfnLljBfyL{x¿sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf]n] cfufdL ;g\@))& ;d/sf nflu gofF Joj:yf u/]sf]b"tfjf;n] atfPsf] 5 .

cd]l/sL le;f k|lqmofdf kl/jt{g

;Dkbf ;+/If0fdf PgcfOaL cleofgg]kfn OGe]:6d]G6 a}+sn] ;Dkbf ;+/If0fsf nflu krf; nfv ?k}ofF ;+sng ug{r}t # ut] Dof/fyg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . kf“r nfv ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ /x]sf] of] bf}8g]kfndf xfn;Dd ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wg/flz k'/:sf/ ePsf] Dof/fyg k|ltof]lutfxf] . PgcfO{aLsf] ;fdflhs bfloTjcGtu{t o;af6 p7\g] ;Dk"0f{ /sd kf6gb/af// ;'Gb/Lrf]s h:tf ;Dkbf ;+/If0fdf pkof]u ug]{ a}+ssf cWoIf tyf sfo{sf/L;+rfns k[YjLaxfb'/ kf08]n] atfPsf 5g\ . k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ug{'sf] d'Vo p2]Zo kf6gb/af/;Dkbf ;+/If0fsf nflu @% nfv ?k}of“ ;+sng ug'{ xf] . cd]l/sfsf] …jN8{ df]g'd]G6\; kmG8Ún];+slnt /sd a/fa/sf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] 5 . /dfOnf]sf nflu bf}l8g] / ;Dkbfsf];+/If0fdf ?lr /fVg]x¿ Dof/fygdf ;xefuL aGg]5g\ .

;lGw gjLs/0fsf] :jfutg]kfn tyf ef/taLr /x]sf] jfl0fHo ;lGw tyfcglws[t Jofkf/ lgoGq0f ;Demf}tf kfFr jif{sfnflu gjLs/0f ePsf]df g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3n]:jfut u/]sf] 5 . % dfr{, @))& b]lv ;lGwtyf ;Demf}tf kfFr jif{sf nflu gjLs/0f ePsf]xf] . kl/;+3n] ;lGwnfO{ cem km/flsnf] agfpgTo;df nufgL / ;]jfsf If]q klg ;dfj]z ug{/ t];|f] d'n'ssf ;fdfg klg Ps–csf{sf] b]zdf…PdPkmPg a]l;;Údf lgof{tsf] Joj:yf ldnfpgcfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

s'df/L a}+s d'gfkmfdfg]kfnsf] cu|0fL jfl0fHo a}+ssf ¿kdf :yflkt

s'df/L a}+sn] rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd ^dlxgfdf !@ s/f]8 @) nfv ?k}of“ d'gfkmfcfh{g u/]sf] 5 . o;};ftf /fhwfgLdf ;DkGga}+ssf] ;fwf/0f;efdf cWoIf g"/k|tfk /f0ffn]pQm hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ . ;fwf/0f;efn] @)k|ltzt nfef+z ;]o/ lbg] 3f]if0ff klg u/]]sf]5 . o;/L hf/L ul/g] ;]o/sf] s/ a}+s cfk}+mn]Aoxf]g]{5 . a}+ssf] r'Qmfk'“hL j[l4 u/L &% s/f]8?k}of“ k'¥ofpg] lg0f{o k'¥ofpg] lg0f{o klg;fwf/0f;efn] u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{sf] ̂ dlxgf;Dda}+sdf ( ca{ &^ s/f]8 ?k}of“ lgIf]k ;+sngePsf] hfgsf/L klg lbOPsf] 5 .

P; kmfOgfG; ca ljsf; a}+sP; kmfOgfG; sDkgL lnld6]8 ljsf; a}+sdf

kl/0ft x'g] ePsf] 5 . sfg'gtM ljsf; a}+ssf?kdf kl/0ft x'gsf nflu cfjZos k|lqmof k"/fu/L kmfOgfG;n] dfGotf kfpgsf nflu g]kfn/fi6« a}+sdf lgj]bg btf{ ul/;s]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .xfn of] kmfOgfG;n] …uÚ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf¿kdf sf/f]jf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ut ;fwf/0f;efsf]lg0f{ofg';f/ of] ;+:yfn] #@ s/f]8 ?k}of“ r'Qmfk'“hLk'¥ofO{ ;a}eGbf a9L r'Qmfk'“hL x'g] ljQLo ;+:yfsf?kdf :yflkt ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . kmfOgfG;n] !ca{ !^ s/f]8 ?k}of“ lgIf]k ;+sng u/L ! ca{!@ s/f]8 ?k}of“ nufgL u/]sf] 5 .

;"o{ g]kfnnfO{ l8PgeL cjf8{;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjdf dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] eGb} …8]6gf]:s]{ e]l/6f; -l8PgeL_n] ;"o{ g]kfn k|flnnfO{ …P;P *)))M@))!Úk|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))^ sf] l8;]Da/df pQm ;+:yfn] u/]sf]n]vfk/LIf0fsf cfwf/df ;"o{ g]kfnn] of] ;Ddfg k|fKt u/]sf] xf] .l8PgeL ljZjdf cTofw'lgs Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf nflu k|df0fLs/0f kq k|bfg ug]{cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfk|fKt ;+:yf xf] .

;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj axg ul/g] If]qx¿df ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj k|df0fLs/0f P;P*)))M@))! sf] ;Ddfghgs :yfg 5 . g]kfndf klxnf]k6s ;"o{ g]kfnn] of] ;Ddfg xft kf/]sf]5 . ;"o{ g]kfnsf clwsf/Lx¿n] of] ;Ddfg sf];]9'+uf ;fljt ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ cfufdL lbgdf;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj a9fpFb} n}hfg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . sfo{:yndf dfgjclwsf/sfdfGotf lgodk"j{s :yflkt ug]{ / To;sf] kfngf ug]{nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] of] k|df0fLs/0f u}/;/sf/L;+:yf, dhb'/ ;+u7g / cd]l/sfsf] Joj;flos ;d"xåf/f ;+o'Qm ?kdf ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .

;do á r}t *, @)^#12

d'n's

lrtjg lgs'~hn] ;dft]sf] Pshgf cleo'Qmn]P;Pncf/ aGb'sdf nfUg] ;ft bzdnj ^@PdPkmP;sf] uf]nLaf6 u}+8f df/]sf] aofg lbPkl5u}+8f xTofdf ;]gf klg d'l5g k'u]sf] 5 . o:tf]uf]nL cflwsfl/s ¿kdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfq/fVg] / aflx/ ahf/df ;d]t lsGg gkfOg]lgs'~hsf clwsf/Lx¿ atfpF5g\ . uf]nL lbg]cf/f]k nfu]sf ;}lgsnfO{ ;dft]/ lgs'~hn] d'2frnfPsf] 5 .

u}+8f dfg]{ cf/f]kdf lgs'~hn] ut jif{b]lvvf]Hb} cfPsf af/f lhNnf 8'd/jfgf uflj;–&sf xl/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ kqmfp k/]kl5 oL s'/faflx/ cfPsf x'g\ . ljZjsdf{ kmfu'g @ ut];dfltPsf lyP . pgsf] aofgsf] cfwf/dfsf7df8f}+ l8NnLahf/sf &^ jifL{o /d]zrGb|kf ]v/ ]n kqmfp k/ ] . kf ]v/ ]nn] af/fcdn]vuGhdf /x]sf] h+un jf/ km]o/ ;}lgslzIffnodf sfo{/t hDbf/ dfwjaxfb'/a'9fyf]sLnfO{ u}+8f dfg{ uf]nL lbg] JolQm eg]/d'5]sf x'g\ .

a'9fyf]sLsf] 3/ klg af/f 8'd/jf g} xf] .l8NnLahf/ 3/ ePsf /d]zrGb|sf] 8'd/jfgfdf/fhf dx]Gb|n] alS;; lbPsf] k|z:t hUuf hldg5 . pgL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf cjsfzk|fKt

;]gfsf] uf]nLn] u}+8fsf] l;sf/ljdfgrfns x'g\ . ljZjsdf{nfO{ pgn] cfºgf]hUufdf 5fk|f] agfP/ a:g lbPsf 5g\ . sfe|]af6a;fO ;/]/ cfPsf] a'9fyf]sLsf] kl/jf/n] klglj;+ @)$) ;fndf /d]zrGb|s} Ps la3f hUuflsg]sf] xf] . ToxL hUuf ljjfbsf sf/0f cfkm"nfO{km;fOPsf] aofg a'9fyf]sLn] lbPsf 5g\ .

Ps–csf{df /fd|f];“u kl/lrt oL tLgdWo]xl/axfb'/n] cfkm" u}+8f df/]/ vfu lemSg] sfddfnfu]sf] aofg lbPsf 5g\ . /d]zrGb|n] vfuahf/df k'¥ofpg]b]lv l;sf/sf] k|aGw ldnfpg]u/]sf] lgs'~hn] hgfPsf] 5 . a'9fyf]sLn] ^);fndf pgnfO{ ;o yfg uf]nL lbPsf] lgs'~hsf]cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

xltof/sf ;f]lvg kf]v/]n;“u nfO;]G;jfnf rf/yfg aGb's 5g\ . xl/axfb'/nfO{ klg pg}n] aGb'srnfpg l;sfPsf x'g\ . pg}sf Soflna/ #)bzdnj )^ sf] :jrflnt aGb's lnP/ xl/axfb'/u}+8fsf] l;sf/ ub{y] .

kf]v/]naf6 uf]nL kfPkl5 tLgj6f u}+8f df/]sf]xl/axfb'/n] l:jsf/]sf 5g\ . u}+8f df/]kl5 vfulng k|foM kf]v/]n g} lrtjg cfpg] u/]sf] pgLatfp“5g\ . t/ kf]v/]n eg] of] s'/f klgl:jsfb}{gg\ . ufp“ hfFbf xl/axfb'/nfO{ cfºgf] sf/df/fv]/ sf7df8f}+ Nofpg] u/]sf] dfq pgsf] egfO

dfgjn] dfgjnfO{ zf]if0f ug]{, cGofocTofrf/ ug]{ sfo{ lgGbgLo sfo{

ePsf] x'Fbf gful/s clwsf/k|lt ;hu/ ;r]t agf}+ / agfcf}+ .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno;"rgf ljefu

5 . Tolt a]nf p;n] u}+8fsf] vfu af]s]sf] s'/fcfkm"nfO{ yfxf gePsf] pgL atfpF5g\ . pgn]eg], …slxn]sfxLF d]/f] sf/ r9]/ ufp“af6 sf7df8f}+cfpFYof] . Tolt a]nf pm;“u vfu x'Fbf] /x]5, dyfx} gkfO{ el/of eP5', a;\ d]/f] bf]if olQ xf] .Ú

t/ lgs'~hn] pgs} gfddf ePsf] aGb's a/fdbu/]sf] 5, h'g aGb'sn] xl/axfb'/n] u}+8f dfb}{cfPsf lyP . aGb's;“u} $^ yfg uf]nL klga/fdb ePsf] 5 . pQm uf]nL ;o yfgdWo]s}ePsf] lgs'~h sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . kf]v/]nsf]3/af6 Ps yfg a|x\d vfu klg km]nf k/]sf] 5 .oL tLghgf;lxt u}+8f df/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;dfltPsfcf7hgfnfO{ lgs'~hn] k'k{Ifsf nflu kmfu'g @(ut] sf/fuf/ rnfg u/]sf] 5 .

b'n{e Psl;+u] u}+8f of] jif{ lrGtfhgs 9+un]dfl/Psf 5g\ . ;w}+ lgs'~h cf;kf;sf af]6]dfemL yf¿x¿nfO{ dfq ;dfpFb} cfPsf]k|zf;gn] o;k6s gof“ tYo phfuf/ ug]{ ljlzi6vfnsf dfG5] klg ;dft]sf] 5 . ;]gfs} ;+nUgtf;fj{hlgs ePkl5 of] 36gfsf] cem} ulx/f]cg';Gwfg x'g' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . lgs'~heg] ;]gfsf] ljifodf o;eGbf cl3 ga9\g]ePsf] 5 .

ä /d]zs'df/ kf}8]n÷s;/f -lrtjg_

ahfhnfO{ Pe/]i6sf] kmfOgfG;ahfh df]6/;fOsn vl/bdf Pe/]i6 a}+sn] kmfOgfG; ;'ljwf lbg] ePsf] 5 .b'O{kf+u|] ;jf/L;fwgdf jfl0fHo a}+ssf] of] klxnf] kmfOgfG; ;'ljwf /x]sf] bfaLlj1lKtdf ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd o:tf] ;'ljwf kmfOgfG; sDkgLx¿n] dfq}lbFb} cfPsf lyP . Pe/]:6 a}+ssf] 6]s' zfvfdf ahfh df]6/;fOsnsf] 5'§}

sfpG6/ x'g]5, h;af6 u|fxsn] ;'ljwf, hfgsf/L / rfx]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfkfpg ;Sg]5g\ . a}+sn] ahfhsf u|fxsnfO{ # jif{sf] ;dofjlwdf lj:t[tls:tfaGbL ;]jf pknAw u/fO{ #) k|ltzt 8fpg k]d]G6 ;''ljwf lbg]5 . (k|ltzt Aofhb/ tf]lsPsf] of] of]hgfdf ;dfg dfl;s e'QmfgL -OPdcfO{_dfu|fxsn] rfx]sf] cj:yfdf yk /sd ltg{ kfpg] ;'ljwf klg 5 .

;do á r}t *, @)^# 13

d'n's

cGo :yfgx¿ M sfFs8le§f / eb|k'/df d]rL ;+3sf] sfpG6/, w/fgdf a;kfs{ -)@%_@)#&@, lj/f6gu/af6 a;kfs{ glhs} -)@!_ #)&@&, O6x/Ldf klZrdrf]s, /fhlj/fhdf -)#!_ @))(, nfxfgdf -)##_ ̂ )#^^, l;/fxfdf-)##_ @)@##, l;/fxf÷df8/df -)##_ @)!#!, hgsk'/df efg'rf]s / /fdfgGb rf]s, dnËjfdf -)$^_ @))$@, jL/uGhdf -)%!_ @!%@^, x]6f}8fdf efg'rf]sdf -)%&_ @)%#%, gf/fo0fu9df k'Nrf]s a;kfs{ -)%^_ @$@)* .

ofq'x¿sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu uf}zfnf / ;'Gwf/faf6 lgMz'Ns ldlga; ;]jf pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .

snÍLaf6 5'6\g] M d'Vo sfof{no, kmf]g g+= $@&&%%@, $@*!(&@, $@*&#)^

sfs8le§f laxfg %=)) ah]eb|k'/ laxfg %=!) ah]dw'dNnf laxfg %=@) ah]w/fg laxfg ̂ =)% ah]lj/f6gu/ laxfg %=$% ah] / ̂ $% ah]/fhlj/fh laxfg ̂ =)) ah]l;/xf÷df8/ laxfg ̂ =!% ah]dnËjf laxfg ̂ =#% ah]hgsk'/ laxfg &=@) ah]uf}/ laxfg ̂ =%% ah]jL/u~h laxfg &=)%, !)=!% / !!=)) ah]

sf7df8f}+af6 hfg] sf7df8f}+tkm{ cfpg]kf]v/f laxfg &=#) ah]jL/u~h /flq a]n'sL *=!% ah]sn}of laxfg !)=!% ah]e/tk'/ laxfg !!=$% / lbpF;f] !@=!% ah]lzjgu/ lbpF;f] !@=#) ah]6fF8L k;f{ lbpF;f] !=)) ah]6fF8L–vf]n]l;dn lbpF;f] !=$% ah]k;f{–slkof lbpF;f] @=@) ah]k;f{9fk–d]3f}nL lbpF;f] $=$% ah]uLtfgu/–hutk'/ lbpF;f] $=!% ah]j/yjf laxfg &=$) ah]

sfs8le§faf6 laxfg %=)) ah]eb|k'/af6 laxfg $=%) ah]dw'dNnfaf6 laxfg $=%) ah]w/fgaf6 laxfg $=@) ah]O6x/Laf6 laxfg %=)), %=@), ̂ =#) / &=)) ah]lj/f6gu/af6 laxfg $=#) ah]/fhlj/fhaf6 laxfg %=#) ah]l;/xf÷df8/af6 laxfg %=!% ah]nxfgaf6 laxfg ̂ =!%, &=)), &=!% / (=)) ah]dnËjfaf6 laxfg %=!% ah]hgsk'/af6 laxfg *=!% ah]uf}/af6 laxfg %=#) ah]jL/u~haf6 laxfg (=)), !!=)) / !!=#) ah]

jL/u~haf6 a]n'sf *=#) ah]sn}ofaf6 laxfg *=)) ah]e/tk'/af6 laxfg %=#) ah]k;f{af6 laxfg %=$% ah]vf]n]l;dnaf6 laxfg !)=#) ah]k;f{–slkofaf6 laxfg ̂ =#) ah]d]3f}nLaf6 laxfg *=$% ah]hutk'/af6 laxfg *=!% ah]jL/uGh /flq laxfg ̂ =$% ah]gf/fo0fu9af6 laxfg ̂ =!%, ̂ =$%, &=)), &=$), *=)),

*=!%, *=$% / lbpF;f] #=)) ah]kfj{tLk'/af6 lbpF;f] !@=)) ah]

sf7df8f}+df l6s6 kfOg] :yfgx¿snÍL ;'Gwf/f uf}zfnf nugv]n@&#(!@÷@*!&)$ @%#!$@ $(#&%&÷$(&!#& %%@!̂ ^^

dsfn' oftfoftsf] a; ;]jf

afn'jf rfn]/} b'O{ xhf/jfudtLsf] afn'jf rfn]/} lbgsf] @ ;ob]lv @ xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hDdf ug{ ;Ifd 5g\, ToxfFk};f vf]Hg]x¿ . x/]s lbg h:tf] kz'klt If]qdf jfudtL gbLdf k};f vf]Hgsf nflu *jif{sf afnaflnsfb]lv &) jif{sf j[4;d]t Jo:t b]lvG5g\ . s;}n] wfuf]df r'Das nufP/k};f tfGg] u5{g\ eg] s;}n] ;fa]nn] afn'jf rfn]/ k};f 5fGg] u5{g\ . ;a}sf] p2]Zo h;/LeP klg vf]nfaf6 cTolws k};f xft kfg]{ p2]Zo x'G5 .

jfudtL lsgf/sf] uf}/L3f6df hGd]/ x'ls{Psf uf]ljGbaxfb'/ kf}8]nnfO{ ToxL jfudtLgbLn] vfg a:g k'¥ofPsf] 5 . pgL eG5g\, …jfudtL dftfsf] r/0fdf a;]sf] 5', vfga:gb'Mv 5}g . df}sf ldNof] eg] t Ps lbgd} b'O{ xhf/ ;d]t km]nf k5{ .Ú ljz]if u/L lzj/flq,afnfrt'b{zL / tLhh:tf rf8jf8n] pgnfO{ kmlnkmfk agfOlbG5 . lbgsf] b'O{ tLg 3G6fkfgLdf 8'a]afkt pgn] lbgsf] b'O{ ;ob]lv @ xhf/;Dd sdfpg ;S5g\ .

olt dfq xf]Og, jfudtLn] slxn]sfxLF ;'gsf] l;qmL, rfFbLsf l;Ssf cflb ;d]t aufP/Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 . To;n] t pgnfO{ dfnfdfn agfOlbG5 . kf}8]nn] Psrf]l6 ;'gsf] l;qmLe]l6Psf] / Ps em8\sfd} Tof] a]r]afkt sl/a !* xhf/;Dd cfDbfgL u/] . pgn] jfudtLsf]afn'jf rfn]sf] e/df >LdtL / Ps 5f]/L u/L tLghgfsf] kl/jf/ wfGg ;Sg] sdfO u/]sf 5g\ .

o;/L afn'jf rfNg] qmddf y'k|} k'/fgf l;Ssf xft kf/]sf] klg pgL atfpF5g\ . of];Fuk'/fgf k};fx¿ x'G5g\ eg]/ pgLnfO{ e]6\g y'k|} dflg; cfpg] u/]sf] / k'/fgf k};f laqmLu/]afkt /fd|f] /sd xft kf/]sf] klg pgL atfpF5g\ . k'/fgf k};f e]6fpg] qmddf pgn]!(!* ;fnsf] l;Ssf klg e]6fO{ laqmL u/]sf 5g\ .

rf8f] dlxgfdf kfgL lr;f] x'g] x'gfn] w]/} ;do lbg g;s] klg udL{df tftf]kfgLdf 8'a]/dhfn] k};f vf]Hg] u5{g\, pgL . ä pbo/fh cfrfo{÷sf7df8f}+

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d'n's

:s'n k7fpg jftfj/0f rflxG5;fgf gfgLx¿ ;s];Dd :s'n} hfg} gk/f];\\e}+mu5{g\ . uPsf klg lgoldttf lbFb}gg\ . o:tf]x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ljBfnosf] jftfj/0fn]ljBfyL{nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ g;Sg' ePsf] 7x/cg'ejL / lj1x¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . kf]v/fdfhh{ hf]g lzIff k|lti7fgn] kmfu'g bf];|f] ;ftfcfof]hgf u/]sf] k|fylds lzIffnfO{ s;/Lu'0f:t/Lo agfpg] ljifos sfo{qmddf To:tf]lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] xf] .

sfo{qmddf lzIfsx¿, ljBfno Joj:yfkg;ldlt kbflwsf/L, lzIfs cleefjs ;+3kbflwsf/L tyf ljBfyL{x¿ klg ;xefuL lyP .lzIfsx¿n] vf;u/L lzIfsx¿sf] b/aGbLcefjn] k0|fylds lzIff u'0f:t/Lo x'g g;s]sf];'gfP . oBlk lj1x¿;lxtsf] ;'emfjdfcfwfl/t /x]/ ;xefuLx¿ ljBfnosf]Joj:yfkg / jftfj/0f plrt agfpg ;lsPlzIff u'0f:t/Lo agfpg ;lsg] lgrf]8df k'u] .pgLx¿n] lj1x¿sf] ;xof]udf k|fyldslzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpgsf nflu cfjZosb;j6f ;"rL;d]t tof/ kf/] . lzIfsx¿n]ljBfnosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ /fd|f] x'g g;s]af6u'0f:t/ sfd gx'g g;s]sf] atfPsf lyP .k|fylds txdf z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] ;d]t cefjd'Vo ;d:of /x]sf] lzIfs o'lgog sf:sLsfcWoIf bLks kf}8]nsf] egfO lyof] .

k|fylds txsf] lzIff g} ;Dk"0f{ lzIff If]qs}hu ePsfn] Tof] txnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg'kg{]lgisif{df k'luPsf] cfof]hs hh{ hf]g k|lti7fgsf;lrj /fhLj kxf/Ln] ;'gfP . sfo{qmdaf6k|fylds txsf] lzIff u'0f:t/Lo agfpg :s'nsf]jftfj/0f plrt x'g' kg{] d'Vo cfjZostf7x/ ul/Psf] lzIffsf hfgsf/ tyf lzIff;]jLwg]Zj/ ;'j]bLn] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ sIffsf]7fsf] jftfj/0f g} /fd|f] agfOP ljBfyL{x¿:s'n hfg cfslif{t x'G5g\ . sIff sf]7fx¿dfa]Gr 8]:ssf] ;§f u'Gb|L / ;'s'n g} ;fgfs]6fs]6Lx¿sf nflu ;lhnf] x'g] klg ;'j]bLn];'emfP . …ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f g} klxnf]cfjZostf xf]Ú, ;'j]bLn] eg] .

nAwf+s Go"gtd klxnf] >]0fLsf] x'g' kg{],;a} ljBfyL{x¿aLrsf] k|fKtf+sdf ;dfg'kftx'g' kg{] h:tf ljifonfO{ u'0f:t/sf] s;Ldf/flvPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;|f]tsf cefjnfO{ k|d'v;d:ofsf ?kdf b]vfpg] lzIfsx¿nfO{lj1x¿n] ax'sIff lzIf0f ljlw ckgfpg;'emfP eg] :yfgLo ;|f]tx¿sf] kl/rfngu/]/ eP klg ljBfno rnfpg ;lsg] tl/sfl;sfOof] .

o:tf] tl/sf sf:sLsf s]xL ljBfnon]ckgfPsf klg 5g\ . k'DbLe'DbL uflj;sf]dx]Zj/L lgdfljn] k|fylds lzIffdf u'0f:t/

psf:g ljBfno ;]jf If]qsf] gS;f+sg u/Ls'g 3/af6 ljBfyL{ cfpF5g\ s'gaf6cfpFb}gg\, s;sf] 3/df rkL{ 5, s;sf]df5}g h:tf hfgsf/Lx¿sf] /]s8{ sfod u/]sf]5 . To;f] ubf{ ljBfyL{nfO{ :s'n 8fSg ;lsg]cg'ej pQm ljBfno;Fu 5 .

To:t} sltko ljBfnodf rkL{sf] Joj:yfgx'Fbf klg ljBfyL{x¿ dfgl;s ?kdf tgfj/lxtx'g ;Sb}gg\ . To;dfly klg aflnsfx¿sf nflua]Un} rkL{ ePdf ;lhnf] x'G5 . :s'n kSsL g}geP klg /ftf] df6f] jf r'g kf]t]/ ;kmf /fVg;lsg]lt/ Wofg lbg'kg{] lj1x¿sf] ;'emfj lyof] .To;f] t g]kfndfeGbf uP u'h|]sf] cj:yfdf x'g]a+unfb]zsf ljBfnox¿df ;d]t df6f] kf]t]/}sfd rnfOPsf] x'G5 . sf:sLsf] sflnsfuflj:fl:yt piffls/0f k|flj e/tkf]v/Lsflzz'sNof0f k|flj / a|x\dHof]lt k|flj o:tf w]/}ljifodf Wofg lbP/ cl3 a9L 5g\ . tLljBfnodf ljBfyL{n] k9fO{ 5f8\b} hfg] b/ Go"g/x]sf] ;'j]bLNf] ;'gfP . ljBfnonfO{ ;kfg{;d'bfosf] klg plQs} e"ldsf x'g' kg{] lj1x¿sf]/fo 5 . …cleefjsx¿n] ljBfnodf af/Daf/uP/ cg'udg u/]df lzIfsx¿ klg pT;flxtx'G5g\Ú, lj1 ;'j]bL eG5g\, …pgLx¿nfO{pt/bfloTj af]w klg x'G5 .Ú

ä s]zj nfld5fg]÷kf]v/f

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lzlj/sf nflu nflnu'/fF;/f]Nkfsf] xf]n]/Lb]lv tLnf;Dd 8fF8fel/ /ftfDd]km'n]sf nflnu'/fF;n] cfuGt'snfO{ :jfutul//x]sf] 5 . kmfu'g dlxgf u'/fF; k'mNg] df};dePsfn] klg xf]nf oxfFsf 8fF8f u'/fF;n] /ftfDd]5g\ . t/, lj8Dagf un}+rf la5\ofPe}+m8fF8fnfO{ g} zf]ef lbg] u/L km'n]sf ltg}nflnu'/fF;sf ¿v dfcf]jfbLsf ;]gfn] sf6]/lzlj/ a;fO/x]sf 5g\ .

/f]Nkfsf] xf]n]/L, bxjg / tLnf nufotsf:yfgdf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lzlj/o;/L g} nflnu'/fF;sf ¿v kmfF8\b} lgdf{0feO/x]sf 5g\ . /f]Nkfsf] xf]n]/Lb]lv tLnf;Ddaf6f]el/ ¿v sfl6Psf] b]Vbf dfcf]jfbLhgd'lQm ;]gfn] lzlj/ lgdf{0f ug]{ gfddfu'/fF;sf ¿v lgs} sf6]sf] ;xh} cg'dfg ug{;lsG5 . oxfF cGo k|hfltsf ¿v gePsfn]klg u'/fF; / ;Nnfsf ¿v a9L sfl6Psf5g\ . of] 7fpF lr;f] x'g] ePsfn] a9L dfqfdfu'/fF;sf] h+un /x]sf] 5 . oxfF ljleGgk|hfltsf u'/fF; kfOG5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf cfpg'cl3 eg] oxfFsf:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] o;/L 9sdSs km'n]sfu'/fF;nfO{ slxn] klg sf6\b}gy] . …To;}n] oxfFcfpg] hf] sf]xL klg oxfF km'n]sf u'/fF; b]v]/b+u ky]{Ú, tLnfsf uf]kfn cf]nLn] eg], …t/clxn] zf]ef a9fPsf]] u'/fF; sfl6Psf]df eg]

oxfFsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] dg /f]Psf] 5Ú,pgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . bfp/fsf nflu oxfFsfafl;Gbf Ps 3G6f lxF8]/ cGo h+undf hfG5g\ .

lzlj/ agfpg cfjZos kg]{ sf7b]lvdfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf rf/ xhf/eGbf a9Ldfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf nflu ksfOg] vfgfsf]OGwgdf k|of]u x'g] bfp/fsf nflu klg ltg}u'/fF;sf ¿v sfl6g] u/]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbfn]atfP . lzlj/ / OGwgsf ;fy} lah'nLsf] vDafsfnflu klg oxfF ;Nnfsf ¿v sf6\g] sfd eO/x]sf]5 . o;/L u'/fF; / ;Nnfsf ¿v sfl6Psf]df:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] lrQ eg] a'em]sf] 5}g . t}klgpgLx¿;Fu v'n]/ To;sf] lj/f]w ug{] cfF6 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lzlj/;Ddlah'nL n}hfgsf nflu To;/L sfFrf ¿vsfl6g] u/]sf] pF3fsf :yfgLo afl;Gbf lzjnfnk'gn] atfP . /f]Nkfsf] pF3fdf eg] ;Nnfsf¿v a9L ePsfn] ltg} ¿v sfl6g] ul/Psf]5 . xf]n]/Lb]lv pF3f;Ddsf] ;8ssf] tn–dflysf w]/} ;Nnfsf ¿v clxn] sfl6g] u/]sf]5 . …lah'nLsf] nfOg tfGg ¿vn] cj/f]wug]{ ePsfn] ¿v sf6\g nfluPsf] xf]Ú, xf]n]/L–pF3f ;8sdf ¿v sfl6/x]sf Ps >ldsn]eg] . oxfFsf ¿v sfl6Psf ;DaGwdf lhNnfjg sfof{nonfO{ klg hfgsf/L 5}g .

…dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] ;s];Dd u'/fF;sf ¿v

gsf6\g] atfP klg Tof] af]nLdf dfq ;LldtePsf] 5Ú, tLnfsf :yfgLo lzIfs g/axfb'/cf]nLn] eg], …pgLx¿ Pp6f s'/f af]N5g\, sfdeg] To;ljk/Lt u5{g\ .Ú oxfF dfcf]jfbLsfclwsf+z lzlj/ u'/fF;sf] h+unleq g} 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfn] OGwgsf nflu;'s]sf bfp/f k|of]u ug]{ atfP klg lzlj/dfOGwgsf] csf]{ ljsNk gePsfn] grfxFbfgrfxFb} klg u'/fF;sf ¿v hf]ufpg d'l:snkg]{ :j+o dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfx¿atfpF5g\ . tLnfl:yt Hjf/:d[lt la|u]8sdfG8/ ;Gtf]if cGo ljsNk gePsfn] h+unhf]ufpg d'l:sn k/]sf] atfpF5g\ . pgLeG5g\, …u'/fF;sf ¿v arfpg' k5{ eg]/ g}xfdLn] ;'s]sf bfp/f k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gf cfpg'cl3 eg]oxfFsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] nflnu'/fF; /;Nnfsf ¿v slQ klg sf6\b}gy] . …clxn]lgoGq0f ug]{ sf]xL gePsfn] u'/fF;sf ¿vkmfF8]/ dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf k/]8 v]ln/x]5g\Ú,tLnfsf :yfgLo afl;Gbf dfgaxfb'/ a'9fn]eg], …ufpFn]n] hf]ufP/ /fv]sf u'/fF;sf ¿vca ;vfk eP .Ú oxfFsf :yfgLo afl;Gbf /:jo+ dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfnfO{ klg oxfF slt¿v sfl6of] eGg] hfgsf/L 5}g .

ä cAb'Nnfx ldofF÷bxjg -/f]Nkf_

;do á r}t *, @)^#16

kmnf]ck ef/tLonfO{ gful/stf

;LdfjtL{ ef/t, ?k}l8xfsf ;'efifrGb| kf08]ToxfFsf ;fdfGo gful/s dfq geO{ :yfgLo;LdfGt sn]hsf lk|lG;kn klg x'g\ . t/, pgn]ut kmfu'g ^ ut] g]kfnuGh gu/kflnsf j8fgDa/ !! df gful/stf ljt/0f ul//x]sf]6f]nL;dIf cfkm" g]kfnL ePsf] bfaL ub}{gful/stf kfpg lgj]bg lbP . gful/stf lngrflxg] cf7hgfsf] x:tfIf/ dfq xf]Og, kf08]n];a} bnx¿sf :yfgLo sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ klggful/stf kfpg ;fIfL /fv]sf] lgj]bg gful/stfljt/0f 6f]nL;dIf lbP . t/, kf08]n] gful/stflng} nfUbf s]xL :yfgLo o'jfx¿n] pgL ef/tLogful/s /x]sf] c8fg s;]kl5 g]kfnsf] gful/stflng] kf08sf] wf]sf] k"/f x'g ;s]g .

ef/t, >fj:tL 3/ ePsf ;s'/ cxdb vf‘n]af‘s]sf] j;'b]jk'/–& af6 gful/stf lnPsf] b'O{lbgd} pgL ef/tLo gful/s ePsf] k'li6 ePkl5ut df3 ( ut] pgnfO{ kqmfp u/L h]ndfxflnPsf] 5 . af‘s], j;'b]jk'/–& lgjf;L z]/axfb'/vfgsL 5f]/L ljjfx u/]sf @$ jifL{o ;s'/n]z]/axfb'/;‘u afa'–5f]/fsf] gftf sfod ub}{

j+zhsf] cfwf/df df3 & ut] !%#* gDa/sf]gful/stf k|df0fkq lnPsf lyP .

af‘s]sf k|zf;sLo clws[t s[i0fk|;fbcfrfo{sf cg';f/ ;s'/n] cfjZos k|dfl0ftsfuhkqx¿ k]; ug' {sf ] ;fy} :yfgLocf7hgfnfO{ klg ;fIfL /fv]/ lbPsf] lgj]bgsfcfwf/df gful/stf ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .;s'/n] gful/stf lnPsf] t'?Gt} s]xL :yfgLoJolQmx¿n] pgL ef/tLo gful/s ePsf] ph'/LlbPkl5 k|zf;gn] t'?Gt} kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] .

af‘s]sf] k'/}gL–( af6 ef/tLo gful/s sf]OnLk7fg nufot kf‘rhgfnfO{ :yfgLo JolQm /s]xL /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] k};f vfP/gful/stf lbPsf] cf/f]k s]xL :yfgLo afl;Gbfn]nufO/x] klg To:tf JolQmaf/] s'g} 5fglaggePsf] u'gf;f] eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfnuGhgu/kflnsf–!# df vl6Psf] gful/stf ljt/0f6f]nL;‘u wd]{Gb|s'df/ adf{, ;'s/fd adf{, k+shcu|jfn nufot cf7hgfn] kmfu'g !$ ut]gful/stf lng nfUbf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n]lj/f]w hgfPkl5 pgLx¿nfO{ klg gful/stf

lbOPg . g]kfnd} hGd]/ nfdf] ;do;Dd a:b}cfPsf] bfaL ub}{ gful/stf lng vf]Hg] pgLx¿ef/tLo ePsf] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿ atfpF5g\ .

nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfndf hGd]/ oxL a;f]jf;ug]{ y'k}| JolQmx¿n] gful/stf gkfPsf] eGb}df3 ! ut]b]lv ;/sf/n] cleofgsf ¿kdfgful/stf ljt/0f ul//x]sf lhNnfx¿dWo] Psaf ‘s ]df ;fj {hlgs ePsf oL ;Lldtpbfx/0fx¿n] klg k'li6 x'G5, o;kfln afFl8Psf]gful/stf g]kfnL gful/sx¿n] dfq lnPsf5}gg\ . u}/g]kfnLn] gful/stf kfpg' x'Fb}g eGg];r]t 7fp‘sf afl;Gbfx¿n] lbPsf] ;"rgfsf]cfwf/df s]xL ef/tLox¿ g]kfnL gful/stflngaf6 jl~rt eP klg y'k|} clzlIft u|fdL0fe]sdf sltn] g]kfnL gful/stf lnP eGg]af/]s'g} n]vfhf]vf 5}g . jiff}{+b]lv g]kfndf a;f]jf;ub}{ cfO/x] klg clxn];Dd g]kfnsf] gful/stfkfpg g;s]sf JolQmx¿sf nflu eg]/ yflnPsf]gful/stf ljt/0fsf] qmddf ;LdfjtL{ ufp‘x¿dfk|:6} b]lvGYof], gful/stf lng] g]kfnLx¿sf];+VofeGbf ef/tLox¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} . s;}n]

5}g 5fglag ;+oGq

ä ?b| v8\sf÷g]kfnuGh -t:jL/ klg_

jiff}{+b]lv g]kfndf a;f]jf; ub}{ cfO/x] klg clxn];Dd g]kfnsf] gful/stf kfpg g;s]sfJolQmx¿sf nflu eg]/ yflnPsf] gful/stf ljt/0fsf] qmddf ;LdfjtL{ ufp‘x¿df k|:6}

b]lvGYof], gful/stf lng] g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+VofeGbf ef/tLox¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} .

gful/stf lng k|lqmofk"/f ub}{ ;j{;fwf/0f

;do á r}t *, @)^# 17

z+sf:kb ¿kdf gful/stf lng] JolQmaf/];f]wk'5 u/] /fhgLlts bnsf :yfgLosfo{stf{x¿;lxt gful/stf lng vf]Hg] To:tfJolQmx¿ ;f]wk'5 ug]{nfO{ ;d]t cfqmd0f ug{vf]Hy] . ;/sf/n] agfPsf] sfg'gcg';f/gful/stf lng rflxg] cf7hgfsf] l;kmfl/;pgLx¿n] gful/stf kfpg] kof{Kt cfwf/ lyof] .To;} cfwf/df pgLx¿n] g]kfnsf] gful/s;/xsf] k|df0fkq kfPsf 5g\ .

af‘s]sf] ;fOufpF uflj;–% af6 pQm ufp‘dfa;f]jf; ub}{ gu/]sf JolQmx¿n] ;d]tgful/stf lnPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;fOufpFsf Pdfn]sfo{stf{ OGb|axfb'/ yfkfsf cg';f/ ufp‘df slxn}klg a:b} ga;]sf / s;}n] gfd} g;'g]sf lx/fd'gjfNdLls / nfnhL jfNdLlssf] gfddf kmfu'g@^ ut] ;fOufpFdf k'u]sf] gful/stf ljt/0f6f]nLaf6 gful/stf lnOPsf] 5 . …gful/stflnPsf] ef]lnkN6 dfq ufp‘df a;f]jf; gePsfJolQmx¿n] gful/stf lnPsf] ;"rgf kfPsflyof}+Ú, yfkf eG5g\, …o;kfln y'k}| u}/g]kfnLn]gful/stf lnPsf 5g\ .Ú ^^#)#@÷$^ /^^#)#@÷$# gDa/sf gful/stf kfPsflx/fd'g / nfnhL ef/tLo gful/s ePsf]atfpFbf ;b\efjgf, dw];L kmf]/d nufotsfJolQmx¿n] cfqmd0f ug{ vf]h]sf sf/0f r'knfu]/ a:g' k/]sf] ;j{;fwf/0fx¿ atfpF5g\ .b'j}hgfnfO{ ufpFs} clzlIft tf}xfj/ hf]nfxf,d]/fh cnL / Olb|; k7fg ;fIfLsf ?kdf a:b};b\efjgf, dfcf]jfbL, b'j} sf+u|];, Pdfn] /hgdf]rf{n] gful/stf ljt/0f 6f]nL;dIfl;kmfl/; u/]sf lyP . jfNdLlsåosf] ;fIfLa:g]x¿n] eg] cfkm" s;}sf] ;fIfL ga;]sf],/fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] cfkm"x¿sf]gful/stf dfu]/ lnPsf] t/ s] sfdsf] nflulnPsf lyP eGg] s'g} hfgsf/L gePsf]atfpF5g\ . Pdfn] sfo{stf yfkfsf cg';f/;b\efjgf, dw];L kmf]/d / k};f lnP/ gful/stflng ;3fpg] JolQmx¿sf] bfbflu/Lsf sf/0fufp‘df oltv]/ ef/tLox¿n] gful/stf lnPsf]s'/f;d]t ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .

df3 / kmfu'gdf u/L af‘s]df dfq ljt/0ful/Psf] emG8} #& xhf/ gful/stf kfpg]x¿dfslt ;fFlRrs} g]kfnL / slt ef/tLox¿ 5g\t < o;sf] n]vfhf]vf clxn] t eO;s]sf]5}g . t/ :jo+ gful/stf ljt/0f ug]{ cleofgdfnfu]sf clwsf/Lx¿n] lj;+ @)%$ ;fndfljt/0f ul/Psf gful/stf vf/]h ul/Pe}+mo;kfln ljt/0f ul/Psf gful/stfsf] klg5fglag x'g'kg]{ atfpF5g\ .

gful/stf ljt/0fsf] nflu af‘s]df ul7t gf}6f]nLdWo] Pssf 6f]nL k|d'v tyf lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{nosf clws[t nf]saxfb'/ ;'gf/ eG5g\,…gful/stf s;n] lnP eGg] yfxf g} gePsf]x'Fbf k'gM pgLx¿sf] af/]df 5fglag x'g h?/L5 .Ú g]kfndf hGd eO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfnd}a;f]jf; ul//x]sf] cfwf/df / cf7hgfsf]l;kmfl/;df gful/stf ljt/0f ug{;Sg] clwsf/

kfPsf clwsf/Lx¿n] nfdf] ;do;Dd ufp‘dfal;/x]sf] jf g]kfndf hlGdPsf] xf] cyjf xf]OgeGg] s'/f a'‰g gkfP klg cf7hgfsf] l;kmfl/;eg] ;a}n] b]vfPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . …s'g} JolQmz+sf:kb b]lvPsf a]nf 5fglag ug{ vf]Hbfklg /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] cgfjZosbafa lbGy]Ú, ;'gf/ eG5g\, …gful/stf ljt/0ful/Psf JolQmx¿ g]kfnL eP–gePsf] 5fglagu/ ]kl5 dfq clxn] ljt/0f ul/Psfgful/stfx¿nfO{ k|dfl0ft ul/g'k5{ . …Psl5gcl3;Dd hGd:yfg ef/t ePsf] k|df0f k];ug]{ JolQmx¿n] Psl5g kl5 hGd:yfg g]kfnn]v]sf] k|df0fkq k]; u/]/ klg gful/stf lnPsf5g\Ú, ;'gf/ eG5g\, …/fhgLlts bnx¿n] o:tfJolQmx¿nfO{ /f]Sg'sf] ;f6f] pN6} gful/stflng ;3fP .Ú

b'O{ dlxgfleq #& xhf/nfO{ gful/stfljt/0f ug]{ cleofgdf nfu]sf] k|zf;gn]gful/stf lng'cl3 s;}sf] af/]df ph'/L k/]kl5To:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ gful/stf lbg g;lsg]hgfpg'afx]s gful/stf dfu ug]{af/] cGo s'g}5fglag gu/L gful/stf lbPsf] 5 . af‘s]sfk|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g/]Gb|/fh zdf{sf cg';f/k|df0f k'¥ofP/ cfpg] x/]s JolQmnfO{ gful/stflbg] lgb]{zgcg';f/ g} gful/stf ljt/0f ul/Psf]xf] . nfdf] ;dob]lv clxn];Dd ! nfv ()xhf/nfO{ gful/stf ljt/0f u/]sf] af‘s]k|zf;gn] b'O{ dlxgfdf #& xhf/nfO{ gful/stfljt/0f ug'{ klg plQs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ ePsf]clwsf/Lx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . ef/taf6 lax]af/Lug]{ rng /x]sf] oxf‘ emG8} @ xhf/nfO{ c+uLs[tgful/stf ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

otf hgdf]rf{ g]kfn afFs]sf cWoIf tyfs]Gb|Lo ;b:o cfOkL v/]nn] /fhgLlts bnx¿n]k};fsf]] nf]en] u}/g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf lngl;kmfl/; u/]sf] hgfpFb} @( xhf/ gful/stfljt/0f x'Fbf;Dd ! xhf/ ! ;oeGbf a9Lu}/g]kfnLn] gful/stf lnPsf] ph'/L cfºgf]kf6L{df k/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . hgdf]rf{sf]sfof {nodf k/ ]sf ph'/Lx¿dWo] s]xLef/tLox¿n] hGdsf] cfwf/df t, s]xLn]j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf lnPsf] kfOPsf]g]tf v/]nn] atfP . g]kfnuGh gu/kflnsf /;LdfjtL{ ufpFx¿ lk|kxjf, h};k'/, ;fOufpFh:tf :yfgx¿df cTolws u}/g]kfnLn]gful/stf lnPsf] atfOG5 . lk|kxjfdf dfq %;o ef/tLon] gful/stf lnPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] eg] ^)–&)hgflj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . …gful/stfljt/0fsf nflu vl6Psf] 6f]nLx¿;‘u y'k}| k|df0fgk'u]sf JolQmx¿af6 gful/stf lng vf]lhPklg lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf eg] ^)–&)hgflj?4 ph'/L k/]sf] 5Ú, k|zf;sLo clws[ts[i0fk|;fb cfrfo{n] eg] .

ä

…ljt/0fxf]Og,laqmL xf]Ú

ä cfOkL v/]n,hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o

u}/g]kfnLn] gful/stf lnPsf]u'gf;f]af/] s]xL hfgsf/L 5 <

xf], o;kfln y'k}| u}/g]kfnL\n] gful/stflnPsf 5g\ . vf;u/L sf+u|];, Pdfn],dfcf]jfbL / ;b\efjgfsf sfo{stf{x¿sf]cf8df u}/g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf ljt/0ful/Psf] 5 . k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ @(xhf/ gful/stf ljt/0f x'‘bf;Dd af‘s]df! xhf/ ! ;o eGbf a9L u}/g]kfnLn]gful/stf lnPsf 5g\ . o;kfln ljt/0ful/Psf gful/stfx¿sf] af/]df s'g} klgxfntdf k'gM 5fglag x'g'k5{ . nfdf];dob]lv dw];df a:b} cfPsf g]kfnLx¿km]l/ klg gful/stf kfpgaf6 jl~rtePsf 5g . t/, dw];sf] gfddfef/tLo Jofkf/Lx¿n] gful/stf lnPsf5g\ .

hgdf]rf{sf sfo{stf{x¿n] klgu}/g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf lbg ;fIfL a;]sf]kfOPsf] 5 lg <

xfdLn] ;se/ u}/g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stflbg' x'Fb}g eg]/ lj/f]w u/]sf 5f}+ . t/ hltlj/f]w u/] klg ;'Gb}gg\, lj/f]w ug]{x¿nfO{pN6} dfg]{ wDsL lbG5g\ . s]xL lbgcl3u}/g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf lbOPsf] ljifodfl;l8cf] sfof{nodf ePsf] a}7sdf x:tfIf/ug{ gdfGbf sf+u|];, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbL /;b\efjgfsf k|ltlglwx¿n] dfg]{ wDsLlbPsf lyP . bnx¿n] k};f vfP/gful/stf ljt/0f u/]sf 5g\ . of]gful/stf ljt/0f xf]Og, laqmL xf] .ha/h:t 3]/faGbL u/]/ gful/stf lnPsf5g\ .

s] ug'{ k5{ ca <clxn] ljt/0f ul/Psf

gful/stfx¿sf] af/]df 5fglagx 'g 'k5 { . jf:tljs gful/stfgkfPsfx¿nfO{ lbg] Joj:yf ug'{k5{,t/ u}/sfg'gL ?kdf lbg] / lbnfpg]nfO{sf/afxL ug{' k5{ . clxn] klg s]xLufp‘df jf:tljs g]kfnLx¿ gful/stfkfpgaf6 jl~rt ePsf 5g\ .ef/tLox¿n] eg] lgj]bg k]; ug]{lalQs}gful/stf kfPsf 5g\ . ä

l/kf]6{ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{

;do á r}t *, @)^#18

ä ljZjdl0f kf]v/]n÷sf7df8f}+

cd]l/sL ljb]z dfdnf k|aGw pkljb]zdGqL x]g]l/6f Pr kmf]/sf] g]kfne|d0fkl5 8]9 bzsb]lv g]kfnsf nflu hl6n ;d:of aGb} cfPsf]e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of gofF df]8df k'u]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fbsf]O/fnfn] kmf]/;“usf] s'/fsfgLdf z/0ffyL{nfO{ cd]l/sf nfg] p;sf]of]hgfnfO{ ;fy lbg] atfP . e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofdf g]kfnsf] !%jif{kl5sf] pNn]Vo kl/jt{g xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] cd]l/sL of]hgfnfO{;dy{g lbPkl5 gof“vfn] kl/l:ylt ag]sf] lj1x¿ atfp“5g\ .

k|wfgdGqLaf6 cd]l/sL gLltsf] kIfdf wf/0ff cfPkl5 !% jif{b]lve'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ 6fpsf] lvofp“b} cfPsf] k//fi6«dGqfno zLtnlgjf; lvGg b]lvG5 . afn'jf6f/ / zLtnlgjf;aLrljefhg b]lvPsf] 5 . zLtnlgjf;sf clwsf/Lx¿ k|wfgdGqLaf6 !%jif{sf k|of;x¿ pN6fPsf]df c;Gt'i6 5g\ . e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{lnP/ b'O{ b]zaLr !% j6f jftf{ ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] gLltsfsf/0f låkIfLo jftf{ lg/y{s aGg k'u], t/ ef/tsf] ;'/Iff 5ftfleqsf]e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of, z/0ffyL{ ;d:of dfq geP/ dfgjclwsf/ /k|hftGq :yfkgf;“u hf]l8Psf] d'2f xf] .

cd]l/sf, gj]{ nufotsf o'/f]k]nL b]zn] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{cfºgf] b]zdf nfg] of]hgf cl3 ;fg'{ / g]kfnn] To:tf gLlt cg'df]bgug'{n] e'6fgL /fhf lhUd]sf] hftLo ;kmfofsf] gLltsf] cg'df]bg ug]{

sfd ePsf] 5 eg] gful/sx¿sf] cfºgf] b]zdf lgaf{w kms{g kfpg'kg]{df}lns clwsf/sf] ;Defjgf klg aGb ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . lj1x¿,clxn] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] l:ylt ltAatL z/0ffyL{sf] h:t} ag]sf] ljZn]if0fug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnn] cfºgf] Ifdtfn] wfGg klg g;Sg] / :jb]z kmsf{pg klgg;Sg] afWofTds l:yltdf cd]l/sL gLltsf] cg'df]bg ug'{k/]sf]atfOG5 . Ps hfgsf/ ;|f]tsf cg';f/ z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ub}{cfPsf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfsf] ;'emfjdf ;/sf/n] afWofTds gLltlnPsf] atfp“5g\ . tL clwsf/L eG5g\, …;xfotf lbg]sf] k|:tfj dfGg;/sf/ afWo ePsf] xf] .Ú

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof]usL ;xfos pRrfo'Qmh'l8 r]ª xf]klsG;sf] ut c;f/ g]kfn e|d0fsf a]nf z/0ffyL{ ;d:of;dfwg ug{ e'6fg kmsf{pg], g]kfnd} ljno ug]{ jf t];|f] b]zdf:yfgfGt/0f ug]{ tLgj6f ljsNk k|:t't ub}{ tLgj6} ljsNk v'nf/x]sf] atfPsL 5g\ . !^ hgf e'6fgLnfO{ t];|f] b]zdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{af/]df k|lqmof rln/x]sf] / To;df g]kfnsf] k//fi6« dGqfnon] ;d]t;xdlt lbPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} xf]klsG;n] ;d:of ;'? ePsf] !% jif{dfePsf] klxnf] sbdaf6 cfkm" cfzfjfbL ePsf] atfPsL lYfOg\ . To;a]nf pgn] eg]sL lYfOg\, …d cfzfjfbL 5' .Ú xf]klsG;sf] e|d0fkl5pRrfof]usf jl/i7 clwsf/Lx¿n] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ g;Sg]r]tfjgL af/Daf/ lbFb} cfPsf] l:ylt 5 .

cd]l/sf ofqfe'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ cfºgf] d'n'sdf k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ cd]l/sL lg0f{on] e'6fgL/fhfsf] hftLo ;kmfofsf] gLlt cg'df]bg dfq ePsf] 5}g, e'6fgdf rln/x]sf]

k|hftGq axfnLsf] cfGbf]ngdf klg g/fd|f] wSsf k'u]sf] 5 .

cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ 3f]if0ffn] v';L ePsf a]n8fFuL lzla/sf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿

cfGg

b u'?

ª

;do á r}t *, @)^# 19

cd]l/sfn] s]xL jif{b]lv z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df sDo'lgi6 ultljlw a9\b}uPsf], e'6fgL ;z:q sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] pbo ePsf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0fub}{ p;sf] cft+sjfblj/f]wL gLltcGtu{t z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfnaf6:yfgfGt/0f ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] hfgsf/x¿ atfp“5g\ . cd]l/sfsf]o:tf] gLltaf6 e'6fgL /fhfsf] hftLo ;kmfofsf] gLlt cg'df]bg dfqePsf] 5}g, e'6fgdf rln/x]sf] k|hftGq axfnLsf] cfGbf]ngdf klgg/fd|f] rf]6 nfu]sf] 5 .

e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf] d"n h/f] l5d]sL ef/tdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf]dfGotf 5 . !% jif{cl3 g]kfn l5g{ af6f] k|z:t u/]sf] ef/tn]z/0ffyL{ lkmtf{ x'g] af6f] eg] aGb ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn / e'6fgsf]låkIfLo dfdnf eGb} kG5b} cfPsf] ef/tsf ;fd' kl5Nnf] ;docfºgf] b]zleq / ;fs{:t/af6 bafa cfPsf lyP . ut jif{ h]7df;fs{:t/Lo ;fpy Pl;og x\o'dg /fO6\; -P;PPrcf/_ eGg] ;+:yfn]e'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg ef/tn] e"ldsf v]Ngk5{ eGg]cfjfh p7fPsf] lyof] . pQm ;+:yfsf] g]kfn RofK6/sf] cWoIf gful/s;dfhsf cu'jf 8f= b]j]Gb|/fh kf08] / ef/tLo RofK6/sf cWoIf k"j{k|wfgdGqL cfOs] u'h/fn 5g\ . u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ul/Psf o:tfk|of;sf] ef/tn] jf:tf u/]g . ef/t cd]l/sL gLltsf] kIfdf df}gtf;fw]/ a;]sf] 5 .

cd]l/sf / o'/f]k]nL b]zx¿sf] k|:tfjsf sf/0f z/0ffyL{df ljefhg5, cd]l/sf hfg] jf o'/f]k hfg] jf :jb]z kms{g] . nfdf] ;doz/0ffyL{ hLjg latfPsf sf/0f pgLx¿df lg/fzf / ysfg 5g\ .pgLx¿df ;'/lIft eljiosf] lrGtf x'g' :jefljs} xf] . e'6fgdfk|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf /fhgLlts bnx¿klg cGof]ndf b]lvG5g\ . e'6lgh d'ed]G6 :6]l/ª sld6Lsf k|jQmflyGn] k]Ghf]/, z/0ffyL{ d'2faf/] kl5Nnf 36gfqmdsf] ;dy{g / lj/f]wug]{ bf]wf/sf] l:yltdf 5g\ . k]Ghf]/, cfkm"x¿sf] d'Vo p2]Zo k|hftGq:yfkgf ePsfn] e'6fgdf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf lglDt ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdNofpg] atfp“5g\ . k]Ghf]/ eG5g\, …xfdL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] ljb]z hfg]rfxgf 5]Sg klg ;Qm}gf}+, pgLx¿ :j]R5fn] lg0f{o lng ;S5g\ . xfdL/fhgLlts ;+3if{ ub}{ 5f}+ . xfd|f] d'Vo p2]Zo e'6fgdf k|hftGq :yfkgfxf] .Ú

8]9 bzs;Dd g]kfn / e'6fgsf] ;d:of dfq aGb} cfPsf] z/0ffyL{dfdnfdf clxn] cd]l/sf / o'/f]k]nL b]zx¿ ;fws aGg tlD;Psf]cj:yf 5 . z/0ffyL{nfO{ cfºgf] b]zdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ cd]l/sLx¿sf]gLltn] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;fDo x'g ;S5, t/ o:tf gLltn]:jb]z lkmtL{sf] rfxgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg eg] ug{ ;Qm}g . ä

lzlj/df v';LofnLk"jL{ g]kfnsf ;ftj6f lzlj/df a:b} cfPsf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{n] eg]cd]l/sf ofqfsf] df}sfsf] :jfut u/]sf 5g\ . 9]8 bzsb]lv k/fn]5fk|fdf hLjg wfGb} cfPsf e'6fgLn] cd]l/sfdf k'gM:yflkt ug]{lg0f{osf] :jfut u/], kmfu'g @& ut] a]N8f“uL lzlj/df ¥ofnL / ;efu/]/ .

…xfdLn] 3/ kmls{g] cfzfdf !% jif{ lzlj/sf] si6k"0f{ hLjglatfof}+Ú, lzlj/sL lbns'df/L sfsL{n] elgg\, …:jb]z lkmtL{sf]] jftfj/0faGg g;s]kl5 k'gM:yfkgfsf] ljsNk xfdLnfO{ pQd nfu]sf] 5 .Ú

z/0ffyL{n] t];|f] d'n'sdf k'gM:yfkgfsf nflu OR5f hfx]/ u/];/sf/n] cg'dlt lbg] :ki6 u/]kl5 lzlj/jf;Ln] ;/sf/L wf/0ffsf]:jfutdf ¥ofnL / ;ef u/]sf x'g\ . pgLx¿n] laxfg}b]lv a]N8f“uLlzlj/df :jfut ;ef / ¥ofnL u/] . …t];|f] b]zdf k'gM:yfkgfsf]:jfut u/f}+, z/0ffyL{nfO{ cfºgf] ljj]s k|of]u ug{ b]pmÚ nufotsfgf/f n]lvPsf Aofg/ af]s]/ z/0ffyL{n] lzlj/ kl/qmdf u/]sf lyP .

ä cfgGb u'?ª÷emfkf

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ck/fw pkTosf

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ptf /fhwfgLsf] cfk/flws ultljlwx¿kl/jt{g eP/ lkmNdL z}nLdf x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .xltof/ b]vfpg] / n'6kf6 ug]{b]lv lbpF;} uf]nLk|xf/ ug]{ / To;sf] k|lt/Iffdf ;d]t uf]nLrNg] h:tf ultljlw ;lhn} x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .lj1x¿ kl5Nnf] ;dodf /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+blIf0f Pl;ofs} c;'/lIft /fhwfgL ePsf]atfpF5g\ . /fhwfgLdf a9]sf] ck/fwnfO{d2]gh/ /fvL ut cfOtjf/ u[xdGqL s[i0fk|;fbl;6f}nfn] /fhwfgLdf sfo{/t pRr k|x/Lclws[tx¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFb} /fhwfgLdf ePsf]ck/fw lgoGq0f u/L ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf sfodu/fpg sfg'gn] lglb{i6 u/]sf s'/f sfof{Gjogu/fpg lgw{Ss eP/ pRr dgf]ansf ;fysfd ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g\ . t/ zflGt;'/Iff sfod u/fpg g;s]sf] cf/f]k v]Kb}cfPsf u[xdGqL l;6f}nfn] dx]Gb| k'ln; SnadfpRr clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ o:tf lgb]{zgx¿ k6s–k6s lbFb} cfP klg cj:yfdf eg] ;'wf/cfPsf] 5}g .

cWoIf k|r08nufotn] dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿n]

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ck/fwx¿ x'g yfn]sf 5g\, t/ g]kfnk|x/Ln] eg] k'/fg} ljlwcg';f/ cg';Gwfg

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ck/fwLx¿df cfPsf]cfw'lgstf, k|x/L k|zf;gsf] k'/fg} z}nL/ ck/fwLdflysf] /fhgLlts ;+/If0fn]/fhwfgLdf ck/fwLx¿ yk ;'/lIft x'Fb}

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v's'nf] ;'/Iffsf sf/0f cGt/f{li6«o ck/fwLx¿n];d]t /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+af6 cfk/flws ultljlw;+rfng u/]sf] k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . dxfgu/Lock/fw cg';Gwfg zfvf xg'dfg9f]sfdf dfq}bh{geGbf a9L ljb]zL gful/sx¿ ljleGg ck/fwu/]sf] cf/f]kdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf 5g\ .

/fhgLlts x:tIf]k ls cIfdtf<7"nf ck/fwdf ;+nUg ck/fwLx¿ ;d]t

;lhn} 5'6\g] jf kqmfp gkg'{ g]kfnsf nflugf}nf] xF'b}g . o:tf] x''g'df k|x/L k|zf;gleqsf]ljs[lt;Fu} /fhgLlts x:tIf]k klg bf]ifL ePsf]lj1x¿ atfpF5g\ . g]kfn k|x/Lleqsf] ljs[lt;Fu}/fhgLlts x:tIf]kn] k|x/Lsf] sfo{bIftfdf cj/f]wk'u]sf] dfq} xf]Og, ck/fwLx¿ ;d]t sfg'gaf6plDsPsf 5g\ . axfnjfnf Ps pRr k|x/Lclws[t eG5g\, …clwsf+z 7"nf ck/fwLx¿/fhgLlts ;+/If0fsf sf/0f ;'/lIft x'G5g\ .ÚzflGt ;'/Iffsf ;fy} hgtfsf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iffsf]lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ /fhgLltsx:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm /fv]/ sfg'g kfngf u/fpgdfyk ;zQm agfpg' k5{ . t/ ;a}eGbf a9L/fhgLlts x:tIf]k v]Kb} cfPsf] k|x/L k|zf;gn]clxn]sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf emg} rf}tkmL{bafa ef]Ug' k/]sf] u'gf;f] k|x/L clws[tx¿sf]5 . g]kfn k|x/Ldf ;?jf a9'jfb]lv ;'? x'g]/fhgLlts x:tIf]kn] ubf{ k|x/Lsf] txut;+/rgfd} c;/ u/]sf] u'gf;f] k|x/L clws[tx¿sf]5 . ck/fwzf:qL dfwjk|;fb cfrfo{ eG5g\,

…;'/Iffsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] lgsfodfly/fhgLlts x:tIf]k eof] eg] sfo{Ifdtfdf xf|;cfpF5, g]kfn k|x/Ldf To:t} eof] .Ú

g]kfn k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg ul/x]sf] jiff}{+ k'/fgfbh{gf } + Hofg d'2fsf] kmfOn cem} klgxg'dfg9f ]sfdf ylGsP/ a;]sf 5g\ .cg';Gwfgaf6 cem};Dd s'g} k|df0f h'6fpgg;s]sf o:tf 36gfn] g]kfn k|x/Lsf] bIftfdfk|Zg p7fPsf] 5 . ;fdfv';Lsf] /fgLaf/Ldf ePsf]OlGhlgo/ bDktLsf] xTofsf08df cem};Dd k|x/Lk|zf;gn] ck/fwLx¿nfO{ kQf nufpg ;s]sf]5}g . o:tf bh{gf+} xTofsf 36gfdf g]kfn k|x/Lk"0f{¿kdf c;kmn b]lvPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ k|x/Lk|d'v k|x/L pk/LIfs 9saxfb'/ sfsL{ eG5g\,…/fhwfgLdf ck/fwsf :j¿kx¿df kl/jt{gePsfn] ubf{ g]kfn k|x/L klg ;f]cg'¿k kl/jt{gx'g'k5{, t/ To;sf] nflu cfjZos tflnd,ef}lts k"jf{wf/ nufotsf ;d:ofn] ubf{ xfdLn]ck]lIft ¿kdf k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{;s]sf 5}gf}+ .Ú oL gd'gf 36gfdf jiff}{+;Ddk|x/L k|zf;g a]va/ ag]/ cg';Gwfgljlw /k|x/Lsf] sfo{bIftfdf tTsfn ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .

/fhwfgLdf b|'tultdf a9]sf] cfw'lgstf, ljsf;/ hg3gTj;Fu} k|x/L k|zf;gsf] ;'wf/ gu/]sfsf/0f ck/fw df}nfpFb} uPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] @)$@;fnsf] b/aGbLsf] cfwf/df clxn] klg /fhwfgLdfsfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dxfgu/Lo k|x/L u7gePkl5 ;fgf] ;+Vofdf k|x/L yk u/] klg/fhwfgLsf] nflu cfjZos k|x/Lsf] b/aGbL gePsf]u'gf;f] k|x/L clws[tx¿sf] 5 . dxfgu/Lo ck/fwcg';Gwfg zfvfsf k|d'v k|x/L pk/LIfs s]zjclwsf/L eG5g\, …b'O{ bzscl3 / clxn]/fhwfgLsf] hg3gTj bf]Aa/ ePsf] 5, t/ k|x/Lsf]b/aGbL eg] h:tfsf] t:t} 5 . To;}n] r':t sfdug{ dfgj zlQmsf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú dfgjzlQmsf ;fy} g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfg ljlwdfklg s'g} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g . g]kfn k|x/Ln] ug]{clwsf+z cg';Gwfg k/Dk/fut ljlwdf x'g] u/]sf5g\ . t;y{ g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;dofg's"n sfo{bIftf

/ ;Lkdf kl/jt{g u/L r':t ;'/Iff ;+oGq sfodu/fpg' k5{ .

a9\bf] xltof/ k|of]uljut s]xL ;dob]lv /fhwfgLdf lbgbxf8}

ck/fwLx¿n] Jofkf/Lx¿dfly uf]nL k|xf/ ug{yfn]sf 5g\ . o;sf] kl5Nnf] lg;fgf j}b]lzs/f]huf/ Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf PnkL ;fFjfePsf lyP . s]xL jif{cl3;Dd xTofsf08dft/jf/ / v's'/L nufotsf 3/]n' xltof/ k|of]ux'Gy], t/ clxn] eg] k]:tf]n, l/jNa/ nufotsfcfw'lgs xltof/ k|of]u x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfndfxltof/sf] rnv]n a9\g'df dfcf]jfbLn] ;'? u/]sf]hgo'4 k|d'v sf/0f ePsf] lj1x¿sf] ljZn]if0f5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ;xh¿kdf xltof/ k|bz{gu/]/ cfÎgf /fhgLlts ultljlw ;+rfng u/]sfsf/0f ck/fwLx¿n] klg To;nfO{ ;xh dfGb}xltof/ k|of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ptf l5d]sLd'n's ef/tsf sltko ;x/df xftxltof/x¿;xh?kdf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] klgg]kfndf xltof/sf] k|of]u a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .ef/t;Fusf] v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f ck/fwdf;+nUg h'g;'s} ;d"xn] klg ;lhn} xltof/g]kfn leœofpg ;S5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf o;sf]kmfObf /fhwfgLdf ck/fw ug]{ ;d"xn] lnPsf]7x/ k|x/Lsf] 5 .

ut ;ftf dxfgu/Lo ck/fw cg'Gwfg sfof{noxg'dfg9f]sfn] n'6kf6 / 8s}6Ldf ;+nUg ;d"xnfO{ef/taf6 ev{/} vl/b u/]sf] xltof/;lxt kqmfpu/]sf] 5 . dxfgu/Lo ck/fw cg';Gwfg zfvfsfk|d'v clwsf/L eG5g\, …/fhwfgLdf ePsfck/fwsf 36gfdf k|of]u ePsf clwsf+z xltof/ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/af6 vl/b ul/Psf 5g\ .Úk|x/Ln] :o'rf6f/ / gofF a;kfs{jf6 s6'jf k]:tf]n,k]:tf]n / l/jNa/ ;lxt /fhwfgLdf n'6kf6 /8s}tLdf ;lqmo ljgf]b uf}td, ydg du/,uf]kfn aDhg / ;'/h lji6nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf]5 . k|x/Lsf cg';f/ ut @& ut] kqmfp k/]sfuf]kfn aDhg ljut b'O{ dlxgfb]lv /fhwfgLsf]n'6kf6 / 8s}tL ug]{ ;d"xsf gfOs] x'g\ . ä

dxfgu/Lo k|x/L M gfddfq kl/jt{g eof]

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kl5Nnf]k6s ut kmfu'g @# ut] df]/ªsf]af“;af/Ldf u|fdL0f dlxnf hfu/0f ;d"xsf] Pp6fPDa'n]G;df tf]8kmf]8 eof] . !% lbgcl3 dfq};]jf ;'? u/]sf]n] …gDa/Kn]6Ú kfOg;s]sf] pQmPDa'n]G; Ps lj/fdLnfO{ w/fgl:yt ljkLk|lti7fgsf] cfsl:ds sIfdf 5f]8]/ lj/f6gu/kmls{/x]sf a]nf tf]8kmf]8sf] l;sf/ ePsf] lyof] .s§L / efnf lnP/ ;8sdf a;]sf dw];L

hgflwsf/ kmf]/dsf sfo{stf{n] rfnsnfO{ e'O“dfcf]/fn]/ PDa'n]G;df tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf lyP .

o;cl3 ut df3 @) ut] /flt uf]dfd]df]l/on 6«i6sf] sf]= ! r #!^( gDa/sf]PDa'n]G;dfly ;'g;/Lsf] b'xaLdf tf]8kmf]8ePsf] lyof] . dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/dsfsfo{stf{n] pQm PDa'n]G;sf rfnsnfO{ klgxftkft u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] ef]lnkN6 df3@! ut] laxfg b'xaLd} g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6LO6x/L pkzfvfsf b'O{j6f PDa'n]G; tf]8kmf]8u/] . lj/fdL k'¥ofP/ kmls{/x]sf] sf]= ! 8 @!@!/ sf]= ! v #^%% gDa/sf] PDa'n]G;df 9'+ufd'9fk|xf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

c:ktfndf lj/fdL k'¥ofP/ kmls{/x]sf] ;jf/Ldftf]8kmf]8 u/L Iflt k'¥ofOPkl5 df3 @! ut] g};'g;/L / df]/ªsf emG8} tLg bh{g PDa'n]G;n]

lj/f]w:j?k Ps};fy b'xaL ahf/ kl/qmdf u/]sflyP . ToxL lbg emfkfsf PDa'n]G;x¿n] klgbdsdf Ps 3G6f rSsfhfd u/]sf lyP .pgLx¿n] lj/fdLsf] hLjg / d[To'df lg0ff{os;fljt x'g;Sg] PDa'n]G;df Jojwfg gk'¥ofpgcfGbf]ngsf/L;“u cfu|x u/] .

t/, bf];|f] ;+:s/0fsf] dw];L cfGbf]ngdf klgToxL 36gf bf ]xf ] l/of ] . k]ml/ df ]/ªsfPDa'n]G;x¿nfO{ ;8sd} t]:of{P/ lj/f]w k|bz{gul/of] . dw];L cfGbf]ngdf dfq} PDa'n]G;tf]8kmf]8 ePsf] 5}g . ut d+l;/ @^ ut] ;+3Lonf]stflGqs /fli6«o d~rn] cfx\jfg u/]sf]lnDa'jfg aGbsf] qmddf klg O6x/Ldf Pp6fPDa'n]G;dfly tf]8kmf]8 ePsf] lyof] . vf;u/L

bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 nuftf/h;f] eO/x]sflhNnf tyf If]q aGbdf af/Daf/ tf]8kmf]8 x'gyfn]kl5 PDa'n]G; rfnsx¿n] c;'/Iff dx;';u/]sf 5g\ .

pgLx¿n] o; ljifonfO{ lnP/ df]/ªsf k|lhcdf]b/fh 8f]6]nnfO{ klg e]6] . k|lhc 8f]6]nn]…;'/Iffsf] lhDdf lng]Ú cfZjf;g lbP/cf}krfl/stf k"/f u/] klg PDa'n]G; rfnsx¿n]vf;} /fxt dx;'; ug{ ;s]gg\ . To;f] tpgLx¿n] dw];L kmf]/dsf :yfgLo g]tfx¿nfO{klg PDa'n]G; ;]jfdf cj/f]w gk'¥ofpg cfu|xu/]sf 5g\ . …xfdL kxf8] / dw];L eGb}gf}+, hf]lj/fdL x'G5, p;nfO{ c:ktfn k'¥ofp“5f}+Ú, kmf]/dsf:yfgLo g]tfx¿nfO{ e]6\g uPsf PDa'n]G;rfnsx¿sf] g]t[Tj ub}{ l8NnLk|;fb jf“:sf]6fn]eg]sf lyP, …o;}n] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] sfd ug{

lbOof];\ .Út/, dw];L kmf ]/dsf ;'g;/L cWoIf

;Togf/fo0f d]xtf PDa'n]G;dfq geO{ zjjfxg,ljjfxsf uf8L, jf?0foGq, dfgjclwsf/sdL{,kqsf/ s;}sf] ;jf/Ldf klg cj/f]w gk'¥ofpg]gLltk|lt cfk"mx¿ k|lta4 /x]sf] atfp“5g\ .olt x'“bfx'“b} klg cfGbf]ngdf ldl;g] …p208s]6fx¿Ún] PDa'n]G;df tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ u/]sf] d]xtfatfp“5g\ . …xfd|f s]6fx¿n] o:tf] sfd ub}{gg\Ú,pgL eG5g\, …of] xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ laufg{rfxg]x¿sf] rfn xf] .Ú

csf]{lt/, lj/fdL af]Sg'kg]{ s]xL PDa'n]G;n] ;2]dflg;nfO{ uGtJo;Dd k'¥ofP/ tf]lsPsf] b/eGbfa9L k};f lng] …6\ofS;LÚsf] sfd u/]sfn] klg

To:tf ;jf/Ldf Iflt k'¥ofOPsf] Psyl/cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] egfO 5, h'g Ps xb;Dd;xL 5 . t/, o:tf] wf/0ff /fVg] cfGbf]ngsf/Ln]c:ktfnaf6 kmls{/x]sf] vfnL PDa'n]G;nfO{ klgslxn]sfxL“ To:t} …6\ofS;LÚsf] >]0fLdf /fVg] uNtLug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

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;do á r}t *, @)^# 23

l/kf]6{ g]kfnuGh

b'O{ dlxgfcl3 km}lnPsf] ;fDk|bflos lx+;faf6 g/fd|/Lk||efljt ePsf] g]kfnuGhsf] 3fp lgsf] x'g gkfpFb}e8\lsPsf] csf]{ ;fDk|bflos b+ufn] k'gM oxf‘sf] hghLjgcfqmfGt agfPsf] 5 . b+ufsf sf/0f s/f]8f}+ d"Nosf lghLtyf ;/sf/L ;DklQ gi6 ePsf 5g\ .

dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/dn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] aGbsfa]nf df]6/;fOsn rnfPsf] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ ;'? ePsf]o;k6ssf] em8kdf af‘s]] vh'/fdf b'O{hgfsf] Hofg dfquPsf] 5}g, sof}+ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf ;fDk|bflos lx+;fsf]df/ vKg g;sL ufp‘af6 knfog ePsf 5g\ . ldlxg]tsf;fy agfOPsf ;j{;fwf/0fsf 3/ / cGo ;DklQ gi6kfl/Psf] 5 . ;fDk|bflos b+uf lgoGq0fsf nflu k|zf;gn]g]kfnuGh–u'nl/of ;8ssf] vh'/fdf nufPsf] sºo{'sf]df/ ;d]t ;j{;fwf/0fn] vKg' k¥of] . cfk;L b+ufdf tLgbh{g a9L 3fOt] eP .

b'O{ dlxgfcl3 klg ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] aGbsf] cfof]hgfu/]sf a]nf ePsf] 36gfsf] ;fgf] lgx'Fsf sf/0f g]kfnuGhdf;fDk|bflos lx+;f e8\lsPsf] lyof] . pQm 36gfdf Ps;j{;fwf/0fsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] .

clwsf+z afl;Gbfn] ;fDk|bflos lx+;fsf] kL8f ef]u]sf]nfdf] ;do laTg gkfpFb} k'gM g]kfnuGhdf csf]{ b+ufe8\lsPkl5 k|Zg p7]sf] 5, g]kfnuGhdf lsg k6s–k6s ;fDk|bflos lx+;f eO/x]sf] 5 < o;sf] 7\ofSs}sf/0f atfpg g;s] klg k6s–k6s ;fDk|bflos lx+;fe8\lsg'sf] sf/0f clwsf+z hgtfsf] sdhf]/ r]tgf:t/ePsf] :yfgLo a'l4hLjLx¿ cg'dfg nufpF5g\ . lx+;fe8\lsPkl5 dfq sºo{' 3f]if0ff ug]{ cyjf an k|of]u ug{vf]Hg] ;/sf/n] ;dod} hgtfnfO{ ;r]t kfg'{ kg]{ 68\sf/f]cfjZostf /x]sf] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf atfpF5g\ .

…g]kfnuGhsf] ldl>t ;d'bfosf] dxŒjnfO{ oxf‘sfafl;Gbfx¿n] t a'em]gg\, ;fy} hfGg] a'‰g]x¿ / ;/sf/n]klg ldl>t ;d'bfosf] kmfObfaf/] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ a'emfpg]k|of; gu/]sf sf/0f af/Daf/ hftLo b+uf eO/x]sf] xf]Ú,clwjQmf /fh]Gb| zdf{ eG5g\ . af}4, lxGb', d'l:ndb]lvlnP/ lqml:rog wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] ;d]t a;f]jf; /x]sf]g]kfnuGhdf ljutsf jif{x¿df wfld{s b+uf x'g] u/]sf]eP klg b'O{ dlxgfb]lv eg] kxf8L / dw];Lsf] gfddfhftLo lx+;f e8\lsg] u/]sf] 5 . lx+;f eO/x]sf a]nf of];ftf af‘s]sf] vh'/fdf dfgjclwsf/jfbL / kqsf/x¿nfO{;d]t hftLotfsf] cfwf/df cfqmf]z kf]Vg] k|of; u/]sf

lsgeO/xG5b+uf <lyP, b+ufdf ;l/s ePsfx¿n] .

s]xL dlxgfcl3;Dd jNnf] 3/sf] dfG5]nfO{ k/]sf];d:ofdf kNnf] 3/sf] dfG5]n] ;xof]u ug]{ / cfk;dfldn]/ u'hf/f ug]{x¿aLr oltv]/ dgdf å]ifsf] jftfj/0fkfOG5 . s'g} sf/0fljgf kmnfgf] ;d"x cyjf To:t} s]xLaxfgf agfP/ hghLjg c:tJo:t kfg]{ sfd eO/x]sf]5 . kxfl8ofx¿sf] a;f]jf; a9L ePsf] 7fpFdf pgLx¿n]dw];Lsf] l/;df 6fo/ afn]/ cyjf To:t} ultljlwåf/flj/f]w ug]{ / dw];L ;d'bfosf] a;f]jf; a9L ePsf]7fpFdf pgLx¿n] kxfl8ofx¿sf] l/;df cfºg} 6f]nsf]af6f] cj?4 ug]{ jf 6fo/ afNg] h:tf cjfl~5t sfd;DdeP, b+ufsf qmddf .

b'O{ dlxgfcl3 VofnVofn}df e8\lsPsf] b+uf k6s–k6s x'g yfn]kl5 o;df k|ltufdL tŒjx¿sf] xft /x]sf]x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg nufpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof klg sd 5}g .…;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj grfxg]x¿n] hftLo b+ufnfO{psfl;/x]sf 5g\Ú, clwjQmf lji0f' kf]v/]n elG5g\ .

d'l:nd, lxGb', dw];L, kxf8L, yf¿ / cGo hghfltx¿sf]a;f]jf; /x]sf] g]kfnuGhdf lzlIft ;d'bfo cGo ;x/x¿sf]t'ngfdf sd 5 . ef/t, pQ/k|b]zsf] ?k}l8xf;‘u hf]l8Psf]g]kfnuGhdf b'O{ dlxgfcl3sf] ;fDk|bflos b+ufaf6 gi6ePsf] * s/f]8 d"No a/fa/sf] ;DklQsf] Iflt pknAwu/fpg g;ls/x]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ of] ;ftf k'gM vh'/fdfePsf] Iflt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ csf]{ bfloTj ylkPsf] 5 .k6s–k6s hftLo b+uf eO/xg'sf] sf/0f ;w}+ c:tJo:tagfP/ kmfObf lng]x¿sf] v]n ePsf] x'g ;Sg] klg s]xLJolQmx¿ cfz+sf u5{g\ . dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ef]nf dxteG5g\, …oltv]/ zflGt grfxg]x¿n] lx+;f e8\sfpgvf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .Ú

kqsf/x¿ klg lg;fgfdfo;}aLr dw];L 6fOu/ xltof/wf/L ;+u7gsf] gfddf

g]kfnuGhdf d+unjf/ afFl8Psf] Ps lj1lKtn] kqsf/ /cGo clwsf/jfbLx¿ klg ;'/lIft x'g g;Sg] lrGtfa9]sf] 5 . dw];L 6fOu/ xltof/wf/L ;+u7gsf] gfddfhf/L lj1lKtdf b'O{ dlxgfb]lv hf/L /x]sf] k|x/L bdg,dfcf]jfbLsf] xltof/ k|bz{g / kqsf/x¿sf Jojxf/sfsf/0f xltof/ rnfpg' kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] pQm;+u7gsf k|jQmf k|sfz l;+xn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

ahf/df e]l6Psf To:tf lj1lKtx¿ gSsnL cyjf;SsnL s] x'g\ eg]/ klxrfg x'g g;s] klg o;n] csf]{;d:of ;[hgf u/]sf] ;~rf/sdL{x¿ atfpF5g\ .kqsf/x¿n] o:tf] wDsL lbg] JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;TotYokQf nufpg k|Zff;g;‘u dfu klg u/]sf 5g\ .


clwsf+zafl;Gbfn]

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;do laTg gkfpFb}k'gM g]kfnuGhdf

csf]{ b+ufe8\lsPkl5 k|Zg

p7]sf] 5,g]kfnuGhdf lsg

k6s–k6s;fDk|bflos lx+;f

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g]kfnuGhdf kmfu'g @( ut];a} hflt / wd{sf JolQmx¿n]

lgsfn]sf] ;b\efj ¥ofnL

lzIff cfGbf]lnt ;+:yfut lzIfs

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ä 5q sfsL{÷sf7df8f}+

d'n'se/sf lghL ljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfsx¿ut kmfu'g @% ut] sIff 7Kk kf/]/ ;8sdflgl:sP . pQm lbg /fhwfgLdf Pslqt ePsfsl/a % xhf/hlt lzIfsn] # 3G6fhlt lzIffdGqfnocufl8 wgf{ lbP/ cfºgf dfuaf/]Wofgfsif{0f u/fP eg] pkTosfaflx/sf ljleGglhNNffdf klg ¥ofnL / ;ef eP . dfu k"/f u/fpg]gfddf ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g aGb u/fO{ lzIfsn];8sdf cfP/ cfGbf]ng ug'{ plrt gePsf] ts{ug]{x¿ klg w]/} 5g\ . lzIfsx¿ eg] ;8scfGbf]ng /x/ geO{ xsclwsf/ k|flKtsf nfluul/Psf] afWofTds n8fOF ePsf] atfpF5g\ .

;+:yfut ljBfno lzIfs o'lgogsf cWoIf d's'Gbuf}td eG5g\, …zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] EfGbf ljBfno;+:yfks / ;/sf/n] xfd|f dfu ;'g]sf] eP ;8sdfcfpg' g} kb}{g lyof] . hfoh dfu cf]em]ndf kfg{

vf]lhPsfn] ;8sdf cfpg k/]sf] xf] .Út/, lzIfsx¿n] p7fPsf ;a} dfu Ps}rf]l6

k"/f x'g] vfnsf b]lvFb}gg\ . lghL ljBfnonfO{x]g]{ ljifodf ;/sf/sf] c:ki6 gLlt sfod/x];Dd ToxfF leqsf sdLsdhf]/L ;'wfg{ xDd]kg]{ lj1x¿sf] ljZn]if0f 5 . lzIffljb\ 8f= lji0f'sfsL{ eG5g\, …lghL :s'nsf] ;~rfng, lg/LIf0f,cg'udgnufot ljifodf :ki6 b[li6sf]0f cfPdfk7gkf7gsf] :t/, lzIfssf] ;]jf;'ljwfnufotsfs'/f Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 .Ú

lghL ljBfnodf sfo{/t ;+:yfut ljBfnolzIfs o'lgog -O:6'_n] z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf /Ps jif{ sfo{/t lzIfsnfO{ :yfoL lgo'lQmkq, !jif{eGbf sd cjlw ePsfnfO{ c:yfoL / sfo{/tljb]zL lzIfssf xsdf s/f/ lgo'lQmkq Joj:yfug'{kg]{ dfu cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . ;fy} k|rlnt ;/sf/L:s]nadf]lhd tnaeQf, b;}+, cf}ifwf]krf/ /pkbfgsf] Joj:yf ug{ k|d'vtf;fy dfu p7fPsf]

5 . tLg jif{cl3 ul7t ;+:yfut ljBfno lzIfso'lgog clxn] cfºgf] ;+u7g lj:tf/sf] tLj|cleofgdf nfu]sf] 5 . :s'n–:s'ndf cfºgf]o'lgogsf] PsfO agfpg]b]lv lnP/ ;ef ug]{;Ddsfo{qmdn] tLj|tf kfPsf] 5 . lghL tyf cfjf;LoljBfno cu{gfOh];g -KofA;g_sf jl/i7pkfWoIf ef]haxfb'/ zfx eG5g\, …lzIfsx¿n]p7fPsf k];fut xsclwsf/sf s'/f hfoh 5g\,t/ dfu cleJoQm ug]{ z}nL l7s ePg .Ú pgLo'lgogsf kbflwsf/Ln] ;+u7g lj:tf/ / dfucufl8 Nofpg] qmddf ljBfno ;+:yfksk|ltul/Psf] Jojxf/ pko'Qm gePsf] wf/0ff /fV5g\ .

lzIfsx¿ cfºgf dfu lnP/ cfGbf]ngdfcfPkl5 ;/sf/n] dWodf~rn If]qLo lzIfflgb]{zs ;'zLn kf08]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf KofA;g,PgKofA;g k|ltlglw, ;+:yfut lzIfs o'lgogk|ltlglw ;lDdlnt ;ldlt agfPsf] 5 . 5nkmns}r/0fdf /x]sfn] clxn];Dd ;ldlt s'g} lgisif{df

;]jf;'ljwfsf] Uof/]G6L vf]Hb}lgo'lQmkq, ;/sf/L :s]nadf]lhd tna ;'ljwfnufot ljleGg dfu cl3 ;f/]/ lghL ljBfnodfsfo{/t lzIfsx¿ cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/, ljBfno ;+:yfks / ;+:yfut ljBfno

o'lgogaLr ;femf ;xdlt gag];Dd pgLx¿sf] dfu k"/f x'g ;lhnf] 5}g .

lghL ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿ :yfoLx'g'kg]{ / lgo'lQmkq kfpg'kg]{ dfu

/fVb} lzIff dGqfno 3]/fp ub}{

ef:j/

cf]e

mf

;do á r}t *, @)^# 25

k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .lghL ljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfsx¿sf]

;]jf;'ljwf w]/} klxn]b]lv p7]sf] ljifo xf], t/;+:yfut lzIfs o'lgogdfkm{t ;+ul7t¿kdfdfu p7]sf] of] klxnf]k6s xf] . g]kfn /fli6«olzIfs ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj afa'/fd clwsf/LeG5g\, …lzIfsx¿n] cl3 ;f/]sf dfu s;/L;Daf]wg ug]{ eGg]af/] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f cfpg'k5{, lgo'lQmkq, tna:s]nnufot dfunfO{;Daf]wg ul/g' k5{ .Ú /fli6«o cleefjs ;+3sfcWoIf jfª\5] z]kf{ lzIfsx¿nfO{ lzIff P]gdfpNn]v ePcg';f/ ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ dfu hfoh ePsf] atfpF5g\ .

;+:yfut ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿n] /fv]sf;]jf;'ljwf;DaGwL dfu hfoh eP klg clxn]sf]cj:yfdf ;a} dfu k"/f ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf g/x]sf]ljBfno ;+:yfksx¿sf] wf/0ff 5 . tLg jif{cl3clxn]sf lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs hgfb{gg]kfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t lghL ljBfnosf]z'Ns;Ldf lgwf{/0f sfo{bnn] tf]s]sf] k|fylds,lgDgdfWolds / dfWolds txsf] cf};t z'Nssf]kl5Nnf] ;dodf k'g/fjnf]sg gePsf] pgLx¿sf]egfO 5 . Go"g z}lIfs / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ePsfljBfnonfO{ k|:yfgljGb' agfP/ pQm ;ldltn]k|fylds, lgDgdfWolds / dfWolds txsf] cf};tz'Ns % ;o, ̂ ;o / & ;o ?k}ofF tf]s]sf] lyof] .Pp6f sIffdf Go"gtd ## hgf ljBfyL{ ePsf]v08df dfq lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] of] z'Ns;Ldfaf6

lzIfsnfO{ ;/sf/L;/x tna pknAw u/fpg;lsg] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . sfo{bnn] ef}lts/ z}lIfs k"jf{wf/ h'6fpg g;s]sf ljBfnonfO{lgwf{/0f ul/PeGbf @% k|ltzt sd z'Ns lng]k|fjwfg tf]s]sf] lyof] . To; a]nf ck]lIft / ljz]if;'ljwf ePsf ljBfnon] cleefjssf] ;xdltdfqmdzM !% / @% k|ltzt yk z'Ns lng ;Sg]k|fjwfg;d]t /flvPsf] lyof] . z'Ns;Ldf lgwf{/0fx'Fbf k|fylds, lgDgdfWolds / dfWolds txsf];/sf/L tna :s]n $ xhf/ ! ;o, $ xhf/ (;o / & xhf/ % ;o ?k}ofFF /x]sf] lyof] . To;kl5;/sf/n] b'O{k6s u/]/ pQm tna:s]ndf #)k|ltzt;Dd j[l¢ u/]sf] 5 .

;/sf/n] tLg jif{cl3 lgwf{/0f u/]sf]l;lnªnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]sf] glh/ k]; ub}{ lghLljBfnon] To;df k'g/fjnf]sg geO{ lzIfsnfO{kl5Nnf] tna v'jfpg cK7\of/f] kg]{ ts{ ljBfno;+:yfksx¿n] cl3 ;fb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . KofA;gsfjl/i7 pkfWoIf zfxsf] k|Zg 5, …tLg jif{cl3lgwf{/0f u/]sf] z'Ns oyfjt\ /fv]/ lzIfsnfO{a9]sf] ;/sf/L :s]nadf]lhd tna v'jfpg} k5{eGg' slt Jojxfl/s x'G5 <Ú t/, ;+:yfut lzIfso'lgogsf cWoIf uf}td eg] clwsf+z lghLljBfnon] To; a]nf nfu" ul/Psf] z'Ns;Ldfkfngf gu/]sf] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\,…s]xL ljBfnosf] pbfx/0f lbP/ clwsf+z;+:yfut lghL ljBfnon] lzIfsdfly u/]sf]zf]if0fnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ ldNb}g . /fhwfgLd} klg

dfWolds txdf k9fpg] :gfts lzIfsnfO{ @xhf/ % ;o ?k}ofF lbg] lghL ljBfno w]/} 5g\ .Ú

Ps cWoogcg';f/ lghL ljBfnodf sfo{/tlzIfsnfO{ clt /fd|f] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg]ljBfno % k|ltzt, ;/sf/L :s]neGbf a9Llbg] !% k|ltzt, ;/sf/L :s]n lbg] #) k|ltzt/ ;/sf/L :s]neGbf sd tna;'ljwf lbg] %)k|ltzthlt ljBfno 5g\ .

;|f]t;fwg gePsf ljBfnonfO{ ha/h:tL dfu/fv]/ c8\sf] yfKbf sfnfGt/df tL ljBfno aGbx'g] cj:yf cfpg] KofA;gsf jl/i7 pkfWoIf zfxsf]ts{ 5 . uf}td eg] ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿sf]gfkmfd'vL ;f]r g} lzIfsn] ;'ljwf gkfpg'sf] sf/stŒj /x]sf] ts{ lbG5g\ . tLg ;ohlt ljBfyL{ePsf] ljBfnon] k|rlnt ;/sf/L :s]nadf]lhdtna v'jfpg ;Sg] ts{ pgsf] 5 .

clxn];Dd ;/sf/n] lghL ljBfnonfO{ :yfoLk|s[ltdf ljsf; ug]{af/] s'g} ;f]r NofPsf] 5}g .8]9 bzscl3;Dd lghL ljBfnonfO{ cg'dltlbFbf :yfoL eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] x'GYof], t/kl5Nnf] r/0fdf eg] c:yfoL :jLs[lt dfq lbg]ul/Psf] 5 . lghL ljBfnonfO{ :yfoL¿kdfljsf; ug{ :ki6 gLlt NofPkl5 dfqlzIfsx¿sf dfu k"/f x'g] ljZn]ifsx¿sf] wf/0ff5 . t/, ;+:yfut lzIfs o'lgogn] cl3 ;f/]sfdfu s;/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ eGg] ljifodf ;/sf/,ljBfno ;+:yfks / lzIfsaLr ;femf ;xdltaGg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . ä

cfly{s g]kfn–rLg Jofkf/

;do á r}t *, @)^#26

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sf7df8f}+–uf]Ghfp ;Lwf xjfO{ ;Dks{af6 g]kfn–rLg Jofkf/sf nflu ;lhnf] 9f]sf v'n]sf] 5 .o'/f]k]nL z}nLdf ljsf;sf] lzv/ r'Db} u/]sf]rLgsf] of] cfw'lgs ;x/ g]kfnLsf nflu eg];:tf lrlgof“ ;fdfg lgof{t ug]{ rLgsf] ;a}eGbfd'Vo Jofkfl/s s]Gb| xf] . cd]l/sf, o'/f]k jfPl;ofsf cGo d'n'sx¿df lrlgof“ …PS;kf]6{Sjfln6LÚsf ;fdfg lgof{t ug]{ uf]Ghfpn] g]kfnsfnflu ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿sf] a|fG8d} lsg gxf];\,g]kfnLsf] cfDbfgLn] y]Ug ;Sg] j:t' k7fO/x]sf]5 . sf7df8f}+df lrlgof“ j:t'sf cfoftstf{Jofkf/L xf]dgfy b+ufn eG5g\, …sf7df8f}+sfh'g;'s} Jofkfl/s s]Gb|df log} uf]Ghfpaf6 cfoftul/Psf ;fdfgsf] cflwkTo 5 .Ú

rfOgf ;fpbg{ Po/nfOG;sf] uf]Ghfp–sf7df8f}+ ;Lwf xjfO{ p8fgsf] kmfObf g]kfndflrlgof“ ;fdfg cfoft ug]{ log} Jofkf/Lx¿n]p7fPsf 5g\ . g]kfndf cfoft ul/g] lrlgof“s'n j:t'dWo] uf]Ghfpaf6 dfq} %) k|ltzt;fdfg g]kfndf cfoft x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lxdfno;Ldfkf/ Jofkf/ ;+3sf dxf;lrj s]zj/fodfemL eG5g\, …lrlgof“ Jofkf/df ;+nUgJoj;foLsf nflu uf]Ghfp g} ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{Jofkfl/s ;x/ ag]sf] 5 .Ú

;Lwf p8fgkl5 Jofkf/Lx¿n] xªsª x'Fb}

uf]Ghfp k'Ug' kbf{sf] x}/fgLaf6 d'lQm kfPsf5g\, clxn] . …Ps b]z, b'O{ Joj:yfÚsf]l;4fGtcg'¿k lrlgof“ :jfoQtf kfPsf]xªsªn] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ le;f pknAwu/fpg] dfldnfdf w]/} c8\rg sfod /fv]sf]5 . To;;Fu} Jofkf/Lx¿n] xªsª xF'b} uf]Ghfpk'Ubf nfUg] ;do / k};f klg art ug{ kfPsf5g\ . ;Lwf p8fgsf nflu Jofkf/Lx¿n] g]kfnjfo';]jf lgud / g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ nfdf];do;Dd bafas} z}nL k|of]u ubf{ klg ;/sf/n]o;tkm{ vf; kxn ug{ g;s]kl5 lrlgof“jfo';]jf g]kfnsf] p8fgdf cu|;/ ePsf] 5 .dxf;lrj /fodfemL eG5g\, …of] ;Lwf p8fgsf]kmfObf eg] g]kfnn] p7fpg ;S5 .Ú uf]Ghfpsfcltl/Qm g]kfnsf cGo Jofkfl/s s]Gb| dflgPsflrlgof“ ;x/x¿ km'h]g jf Oo' k'Ugsf nfluklg of] p8fg nfebfoL ;fljt eO/x]sf] 5 .o;n] g]kfn–rLg Jofkf/df ;xhLs/0f NofPsf]t 5 g}, Jofkf/sf] cfsf/ a9\g] ck]Iff klgul/Psf] 5 . rLg;Fu Jofkf/sf] a9\bf] qmd;Fu}g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ 3f6f klg r'lnFb} hfg]5 .lsgeg] Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0fsf k|of;;Fu} rLgdflgof{t Jofkf/ a9fpg ;lsg] cj:yf /x] klgJofkf/ k|lt:kwf{df g]kfnsf] lubf]{ cj:yfsfsf/0f g]kfnsf pTkfbg lrlgof“ ahf/df a9\g]

ä dw';"bg kf}8]n÷uf]Ghfcf], rLg

sf7df8f}+–uf]Ghfp ;LwfxjfO{ p8fgsf] kmfObflrlgof“ ;fdfg cfoft ug]{Jofkf/Lx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\ .g]kfndf cfoft ul/g]lrlgof“ s'n j:t'dWo]uf]Ghfpaf6 dfq} %) k|ltztx'g] u5{ .

lqe'jg ljdfg:yndf cjt/0f ePsf];fpbg{ rfOgf Po/nfOG;sf] ljdfg

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mf

;do á r}t *, @)^# 27

;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5}g . ;g\ @))%–@))^df g]kfn–rLg Jofkf/df g]kfnn] ^ ca{ %#s/f]8 ?k}of“sf] Jofkf/ 3f6f Joxf]/]sf] 5, hals of] jif{ b'O{ b]zaLrsf] Jofkf/ ^ ca{ &$s/f]8 ?k}of“ /x]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ k|jw{g s]Gb|sfsfo{sf/L lgb]{zs gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7 eG5g\,…cfoftsf] t'ngfdf xfdLn] !) k|ltzt ;fdfgklg rLgdf lgof{t ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}+ .Ú ;/sf/n]lrlgof“ ahf/df dfu /x]sf 5fnf nufotsfs]xL ;Lldt j:t'sf] lgof{tdf ljz]if kxn ug{;s] g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ Ps xb;Dd/f]Sg ;lsG5 .

g]kfnLsf nflu ca b}lgs cfjZostf 6fg{klg lrlgof“ pTkfbgs} vf“rf] kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .rLgaf6 lelqg yfn]sf ;:tf nQfsk8fn]g]kfnL sk8f pBf]unfO{ w/fzfoL kfl/lbPsf]5 . ca kmnkm"n, t/sf/L, n;'g / Kofh;Ddklg lelqg yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnLsf nflu cfjZosclwsf+z ;fdfg clxn] lrlgof“ ahf/af6g]kfndf lelqG5g\ . clwsf+z oL ;fdfg vf;fgfsfaf6 lelqG5g\ eg] sltko ;fdfg rLgsf];]gh]g aGb/ufxaf6 sf]nsftf x'Fb} g]kfnNofpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

ko{6s leœofpg] cj;/;Lwf p8fgaf6 g]kfnn] lrlgof“ ko{6s g]kfn

leœofpg] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ cj;/ xft kf/]sf]5 . To;sf] ;sf/fTds c;/ b]lvPsf] 5, ;'?sflbgx¿df klg . rfOgf ;fpbg{ Po/n] p8fg;'? u/]sf] klxnf] dlxgf km]a|'c/Ldf dfq} sl/a@ xhf/ lrlgof“ ko{6sn] g]kfn e|d0f u/]sf5g\ . of] ;+Vof ut jif{sf] ;f]xL dlxgfdf g]kfncfpg] lrlgof“ ko{6ssf] t'ngfdf @*! k|ltztn]a9L xf] . g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgfsf] r/0fdfb]lvPsf] of] pT;fxn] of] jif{ g]kfndf lrlgof“ko{6ssf] ;+Vof pNn]Vo dfqfdf a9\g] cfzful/Psf] 5 .

rLgn] g]kfnnfO{ uGtJo /fi6«sf ?kdf;"rLs[t u/]sf] 5 . jfo';]jfsf] cefj, efiffsf];d:of / dxFuf] Kofs]hsf sf/0f lrlgof“x¿g]kfntkm{ cfslif{t x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfn /rLgaLrdf g]kfn Po/nfOG; / rfOgf Po/sf;ftfdf Ps–Ps p8fg ;+rfngdf /x]sf]cj:yfdf ut jif{ ;f9] ^ xhf/ ko{6s dfq}g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsf lyP . of] jif{sf] ;'?b]lvrfOgf ;fpbg{n] ;f]djf/ / z'qmjf/ uf]Ghfp–sf7df8f}+sf nflu ;ftfsf b'O{ p8fg ;+rfngdfNofPsf] 5 . oL p8fgaf6 lrlgof“ ko{6ssf];+Vof pNn]Vo dfqfdf a9fpg] nIo /fv]sf]5 . rfOgf ;fpbg{sf nflu g]kfnsf] hg/n;]N; Ph]G6\; -lhP;P_ uf]vf{ 6«feN;sfsfo {sf/L cWoIf bLks e§ cfÎgf ]Po/nfOG;dfkm{t of] jif{ g]kfn cfpg] lrlgof“ko{6ssf] ;+Vof !) xhf/ k'¥ofpg] nIo/flvPsf] atfpF5g\ . sl/a @ ;o l;6 Ifdtf/xg] &%& af]Oªsf] Joj;flos p8fgsf nflu

klg pQm ;+Vofsf lrlgof“ g]kfn leœofpg]nIo :jefljs dfGg ;lsG5 .

cfÎgf gful/snfO{ g]kfn e|d0fdf k7fpgrLg ;/sf/sf] ;sf/fTds ;xof]usf afah'bklg lrlgof“ ko{6s g]kfn leœofpg g]kfnsf]vf; kxn gx'Fbf glhssf] 7"nf] ko{6gahf/af6 g]kfnn] cfzftLt nfe lng ;s]sf]5}g . ko{6g k|jw{gsf nflu g]kfn ko{6gaf]8{sf] k/Dk/fut ahf/ k|jw{g sfo{qmdafx]sg]kfn ;/sf/n] lrlgof“ ko{6snfO{ g]kfndfcfslif {t ug] { k|of; u/]sf] 5}g . PstYof+scg';f/ k|ltjif{ ;f9] # s/f]8 lrlgof“gful/s e|d0fsf nflu lgl:sg] u5{g\ .;DejtM ;+;f/df Pp6f d'n'saf6 olt w]/};+Vofdf ko{6s k7fpg] d'n's rLg dfq} xf] .;Ldf hf]l8Psf] ;xof]uL l5d]sL d'n'ssfko{6s leœofpg g;Sbf g]kfnsf] ko{6g pBf]u;+s6df afFRb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf lrlgof“ko{6s cfslif{t ug{ ;/sf/n] vf; sfo{qmdNofpg' cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .

vf“rf] dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf;sf]uf]Ghfpdf dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf; gx'Fbf uf]Ghfp,

;]gh]g / cf;kf;sf lrlgof“ ;x/af6 g]kfne|d0fdf cfpg rfxg] ko{6sn] ;d:of em]Ng'k/]sf] 5 . uf]Ghfp–sf7df8f}+aLr ;'? ePsf] l;wfxjfO{ p8fgaf6 g]kfnn] kmfObf p7fpgsf nfluuf]Ghfpdf tTsfn dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf; :yfkgfug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . lsgeg] ;Lwfp8fgaf6 g]kfn cfpg rfxg] o; If]qsfgful/sn] g]kfn cfpgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{

le;f nufotsf k|zf;lgs k|lqmofsf nflu;f+3fO{ k'Ug' kg]{ afWotf 5 . h;sf sf/0f pgLx¿g]kfn cfpg k|f]T;flxt alg/x]sf 5}gg\ . rfOgf;fpbg{sf] g]kfn p8fg Joj:yfkgsf nfluuf]Ghfpdf sfo{/t uf]vf{ 6«feN;sf k|ltlglw>L/fd yfkfsf] cg'ejdf lrlgof“ gful/snfO{g]kfn e|d0fsf nflu ;xh jftfj/0f agfpgklg uf]Ghfpdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pkl:yltcfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . h;sf] k|ToIf cfly{skmfObf g]kfnn] kfpg ;S5 . ;Lwf p8fgdfclxn] d'Vo ?kdf g]kfnL Jofkf/Lx¿ pl8/x]sf5g\, lrlgof“sf] t'ngfdf . uf]Ghfpdf dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf;sf] :yfkgf / ko{6g ahf/ k|jw{gsfk|efjsf/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Pdf of] ;x/af6g]kfn cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'g] Joj;foLx¿atfpF5g\ .

Aofkfl/s sf/f]jf/df ljBdfg ;d:of;dfwfgsf nflu klg uf]Ghfpdf jfl0fHo b"tfjf;:yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf Joj;foLx¿n]p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . dxf;lrj /fodfemL eG5g\,…Joj;foLn] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ul//xg' kg]{ uf]Ghfpdfs;}sf] /fxbfgL x/fof] eg]dfq} klg a]Olhª jf;f+3fO{ k'Ug' kg]{ afWotf 5 .Ú Toxf“ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]pkl:ylt g/x]sf sf/0f sltko Jofkfl/ssf/f]jf/sf qmdfdf klg g]kfnL Joj;foLx¿lrlgof“ kIfaf6 ;d:ofdf kb}{ cfPsf 5g\ .la8Dagf s] 5 eg] ;/sf/n] d'n'ssf]cfjZostfcg';f/ jfl0fHo b"tfjf;x¿ :yfkgfug]{ jf gug]{ lg0f{o lng' kg]{df To;sf nfluklg Joj;foLx¿ k//fi6« jf jfl0fHodGqLx¿sf]rfs/Ldf wfpg' kg]{ cj:yf sfod} 5 . ä

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ä uf]ljGb kl/of/÷sf7df8f}+

wd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwL x]u dxf;lGw kfl/t ug'{kg]{,P]g sfg'g kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ / afnu[xdf b]lvPsfljs[ltx¿ t'?Gt ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ nufotsf;'emfj;lxt wd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwL klxnf]cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL ljleGg b]zsf k|ltlglwn];/sf/n] cfÎgf P]g sfg'gdf ;'wf/ u/]/ …x]udxf;lGwÚn ] ; ' lglZrt u/ ]cg '¿ksf ]afnclwsf/sf] kfngf;lxtsf] wd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . wd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwL …x]u dxf;lGwÚn] afnaflnsfx¿n];a}eGbf klxnf cfÎgf] kl/jf/df, Tof] geP cfÎgf];dfhdf, Tof] klg ;Defjgf geP cfÎgf] b]zdf/ cGtdf dfq ljb]zdf x's{g kfpg' kg]{ Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . cfof]hsx¿n] of] ;Dd]ngn] g]kfndfwd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwL b]lvPsf ljs[ltx¿;'Nemfpgdf ;xof]u u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .afnaflnsfsf] lglDt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf]dxf;+3 g]kfnsf cWoIf pk]Gb|s]z/L Gof}kfg]eG5g\, …;Dd]ngn] ;/sf/sf] lkmtnf] sfg'g /afnu[xx¿sf] ljs[ltsf] af/]df 5fnkmn u/]/;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbPsfn] klg o;n] ljutsfsdL sdhf]/L ;'Nemfpg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .Úwd{k'q–k'qLsf] cg'udg nufotsf sfo{sf] nflu;/sf/n] :jfoQ lgsfo u7g ug'{ kg]{ lgisif{klg ;Dd]ngn] lgsfn]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf;/sf/sf tkm{af6 dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf;dfh sNof0f /fHodGqL pld{nf cof{nn] wd{k'q–

k'qLsf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu rfF8} g} x]udxf;lGw kfl/t ug]{ atfPsL lyOg\ . /fHodGqLcof{nn] ljutsf sdL sdhf]/L ;RofP/ ;Dd]ngn]lbPsf] ;'emfjnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ P]g sfg'g t'?Gtkl/jt{g ug]{ atfPsL lyOg\ .

wd{k'q–k'qL /fVg];DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfndfk/fk"j{b]lv ;'? eP klg d'n'sL P]g ;+zf]wg@)#$ n] o;nfO{ cGt/b]zLo af6f] vf]n]sf] lyof] .o;cufl8 g]kfnL gful/sn] dfq wd{k'q–k'qLsf]?kdf aRrfx¿ ckgfpg kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]lyof] . tLg bzscl3b]lv ;'? ePsf] g]kfnLafnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljb]zLn] klg wd{k'q–k'qLsf]¿kdf n}hfg kfpg] Joj:yfn] clxn];Dd @xhf/eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ ljb]zLn]ckgfPsf] o; If]qdf sfo{/tx¿sf tYof+sn]b]vfPsf 5g\ .

wd{k'q–k'qLsf] gfddf afnu[xsf ;+rfnsx¿n]dfgj laqmL ub}{ cfPsf] cf/f]k nfUb} cfPsf]lyof] . wd{k'q–k'qLsf] ¿kdf ljb]zL gful/sn]aRrf ckgfpFbf ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfosf]:jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klgJojxf/df Tof] nfu" gePsf] hfgsf/x¿atfpF5g\ . afnu[xx¿n] df]6f] /sd lnP/ wd{k'q–k'qLx¿ ljb]zLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] /x:o v'Nb}cfPsf] 5 . afndlGb/ nufotsf afnu[xx¿n];d]t afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{k'qsf] gfddf ljb]zLgful/snfO{ laqmL u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 .Pp6f aRrf ljb]zLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ubf{ b; xhf/8n/;Dd afnu[xx¿n] lng] u/]sf] /x:o :jo+ljb]zLx¿n] g} v'nfPsf 5g\ .

afnu[x ;+rfngsf] nflu Go"gtd dfkb08dfs]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt / ;DalGwt lhNnfafnsNof0f ;ldltn] clgjfo{¿kdf k|To]s jif{cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug'{ kg]{ pNn]v ul/P klgo;sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .h;n] ubf{ afnu[xdf /x]sf aRrfx¿ afnu[x;+rfnsx¿n] dgk/L ¿kdf wd{k'q–k'qLsf]gfddf ljb]zL gful/snfO{ df]6f] /sd lnP/x:tfGt/0f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] lkmtnf]gLlt / afnu[x ;+rfnsx¿sf] Jofkf/d'vL ;f]rsfsf/0f wd{k'q–k'qLsf] gfddf afnaflnsfsf]Jofkf/ x'g] u/]sf] lj1x¿ atfpF5g\ . ptf Rofppld|Pe}+m vf]lnPsf afnu[xx¿n] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]Go"gtd dfkb08;d]t k"/f gu/L ;+rfng u/]sf5g\ . ;/sf/ eg] pgLx¿sf] o:tf] sfo{z}nLk|ltd'sbz{s dfq ag]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf]lkmtnf] sfo{z}nL / afnu[x ;+rfnssf]x]nrqmØfOFsf sf/0f afnaflnsfx¿ ykhf]lvddf k/]sf 5g\ .

;Dd]ngdf cd]l/sf, Sofg8f, k|mfG;, O6fnL,gj]{, :k]g, kf]NofG8, ef/t, a]nfot, l:jh/NofG8/ l:j8]gsf ̂ & hgfn] efu lnPsf lyP . g]kfnsfafnaflnsfnfO{ wd{k'q–k'qLsf] ?kdf ckgfpg]oL k|d'v d'n's x'g\ . wd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwL ljs[ltsfsf/0f s]xL ljb]zL d'n'sn] g]kfnsf afnaflnsfgckgfpg] 3f]if0ff;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . :ki6 P]gsfg'gcg'¿k r':t¿kdf wd{k'q–k'qLsf]Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnh:tf] d'n'ssf xhf/f}+a];xf/f afnaflnsfsf] nflu ;xof]u k'Ug]atfOPsf] 5 . ä

r':tJoj:yfkgsf]vfFrf]

wd{k'q–k'qL;DaGwLklxnf] ;Dd]ngn] of]If]qdf b]lvPsf]ljs[lt÷lj;+ultx6fpg r':tJoj:yfkgsf] vfFrf]cf}+NofPsf] 5

g]kfndf klxnf]kN6 ePsf] wd{k'q–k'qL;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf

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cfj/0f ;+ljwfg;ef

h]7leq} s'g} klg xfntdf ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ Psf]xf]/f] /6fg hf/L /fVg],t/ To;sf nflu cfjZos k"j{tof/L gug]{cf7 /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/sf] /j}ofaf6lgjf{rg cfof]u lbSs ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLlul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;lxt cf7 /fhgLltsbnsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿n] ;fj{hlgs d~rx¿af6;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg h]7df ug]{ ljifodfhlt hf]8bf/ cfjfh p7fPsf 5g\ lgjf{rgsfnflu cfwf/e"t jftfj/0f agfOlbg Tolt g}kl5 k/]sf] d"Nof+sg cfof]un] u/]sf] 5 .

h]7leq} lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ ;/sf/ /cGtl/d ;+;b\n] sfg'gL / cGo Joj:yfksLotof/L k"/f gu/]sf] d"Nof+sg ub}{ cfof]un];DalGwt kIfx¿nfO{ To;af/] hfgsf/L;d]tu/fPsf] 5 . kmfu'gsf] clGtd ;ftf ;DkGgcfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] cgf}krfl/s a}7sn]:jtGq / wf“wnL/lxt lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjZos;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0f sfod u/fpg;d]t u[xk|zf;gsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .

…;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ljifodf;/sf/sf] sygL / s/0fL 7\ofSs} pN6f] b]lvPsf]5Ú, Ps cfo'Qmn] gfd pNn]v gug]{ ;t{df;dol;t eg], …oxL rfnfn] sflQseGbf klxn]lgjf{rg x“'b}g .Ú dfcf]jfbL /j}of, dw];LcfGbf]ngn] ;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0f emg\ lauF|b} uPsfn]tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg geO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf]r'gfj x'g g;Sg] tL cfo'Qmsf] wf/0ff 5 .

cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] ljleGg ;/sf/Lclwsf/L / ;+ljwfg;efdf rf;f] JoQm ug]{ljb]zLx¿;“u ;d]t ;'/Iff / cGo jftfj/0fsfljifonfO{ k|yldstfsf ;fy p7fp“b} cfO/x]sf5g\ . t/, pgLx¿ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgh]7df ug{ ;Dej 5}g eg]/ cf}krfl/s wf/0ffJoQm ug]{ cj:yfdf ;d]t 5}gg\ . …/fhgLltsbnsf g]tfx¿ ;d]t h]7df lgjf{rg u/]/} 5f8\g]elg/x]sf 5g\ eg] xfdL s;/L ;lsFb}g eGg;S5f}+Ú, cfkm"x¿sf] afWotfaf/] tL cfo'Qmn] eg] .;'/Iff, sfg'gL / cGo Joj:yfksLo tof/Llgjf{rgsf cfjZos ;t{ ePsf] atfp“b} k|d'vcfo'Qm ef]h/fh kf]v/]nn] ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg ;g]{ ljifodf ;don] /fv]sf] lh1f;fdflj:t[t s'/f ug{ dfg]gg\ . dw];L hgflwsf/kmf]/d / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] 3D;f3D;Ln];+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ h]7eGbf k/ ws]Ng]wf/0ff w]/} /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx¿sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df ;lDdlnt gu/L;+ljwfg;efsf] cj?4 k|lqmofx¿n] ult lngg;Sg] / dw];sf] cfGbf]ngsf] a}7fg geP;Dddfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df ;fd]n u/fpg g;Sg]dfv];fª\nf]df lgjf{rg k/]sf] 5 . dw];dfdfcf]jfbLlj?4sf] cfqmf]z rs{+b} uPsfn] of]dfv];fª\nf] emg\ h]lnFb} uPsf] 5 . s}nfnLhg;/sf/ k|d'v /lx;s]sf nId0f yf¿ -/f]zg_/ c¿ t]x|hgf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿sf] kf6L{kl/Tofun] oxL l;nl;nfsf] Pp6f z[+vnfsf]

¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .t/fO{ cfGbf]ng / dfcf]jfbL /j}ofn] dfq

h]7df lgjf{rg gx'g] hfgsf/L lbPsf] x}g,;/sf/ / cfof ]usf pRr k|zf;lgsclwsf/Lx¿n] klg s]xL lbgb]lv ljleGga}7sx¿df cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf lgjf{rg ;g]{atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . lgjf{rg;DaGwL P]gx¿sf]bkmfjf/ 5nkmnsf nflu lbgx'“ rln/x]sf] /fHoJoj:yf ;ldltsf] a}7skl5 ;/sf/sf;lrjx¿n] ;ldlt ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿;“ucr]n …h]7df lgjf{rg x'g] x}g, s]sf] r6f/f]ÚeGg yfn]sf 5g\ .

; + ljwfg;ef;DaGwL ljw]osx¿nfO {oyf;Dej 6'+Uofpg /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltsf]lbgx“' a}7s al;/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;+;b\dfP]gx¿ k|:t't ug{ l9nfO u/]sf sf/0f cfof]un]lbPsf] …8]8 nfOgÚ gf3]sf] Ps dlxgf lalt;Sbfklg cfjZos P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsf aGg;s]sf] 5}g .

h]7leq ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{cfof]un] cGtl/d ljwflosfdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{bnx¿;dIf cg'/f]w u/]cg';f/ ;/sf/ / ;+;b\n]sfo{;Dkfbg u/]sf] eP kmfu'g clGtd ;ftfleq}bnbtf{ sfo{qmd ;'? eO;s]sf] x'GYof] . lxdfn,kxf8 / t/fO{sf] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sngsf]sfd ;lsP/ dtbftf gfdfjnLsf] clGtd ;"rLlhNnf lhNnfdf k7fpg] sfd ;'? eO;Sg'kYof]{ .

bh{gf}+ P]g lgod / lgb]{lzsf lgdf{0f, dtbftf

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gfd ;+sng tyf cBfjlwsf] sfd ;lsP/cfd ;xdltdf lgjf{rg cfrf/;+lxtf klgalg;SYof] . lgjf{rg sfo{qmdsf] k|:yfgljGb'sf¿kdf /x]sf oL r/0fdf ljnDa ePsfn] olta]nf ;'? eO;Sg'kg]{ dtbftf ;r]tgf sfo{qmd/ lgjf {rg cg'udg tyf ko{j]If0fsf ];'/;f/;d]t ePsf] 5}g .

k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm kf]v/]nn] ;+;b\dfk|ltlglwTj ug]{ dfcf]jfbL;lxt bnx¿sf zLif{:yg]tfx¿;dIf df3 @* ut] ;do;Ldfleqsfo{x¿ ;DkGg gug]{ xf] eg] h]7 clGtdleq;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;DkGg ug{ d'l:sn x'g]wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;dod} gePdf x'g]ckh; cfof]u / cfºgf] yfKnfdf gk/f];\ egL;r]t kf]v/]nn] cfkm"n] hflu/sf] hf]ufpgs}nflu k"j{jtL{n] h:t} r'gfjsf] gf6s dfq /Rgg;Sg] klg atfPsf lyP . …lgjf{rgdf hfgs'g} 9f]sf gvf]lnlbP;Dd xfdL s;/L cl3a9\g] <Ú, pgn] Tolt a]n} k|Zg u/]sf lyP .

lgjf {rg k|lqmofnfO{ ;Sbf ] ;+s'lrtul/;s]sfn] cfof]un] cem sd cjlwdf ;a}sfo{qmd ;Dkfbg ul/;Sg] ;Defjgf ;d]tIfL0f x'“b} uPsf] 5 . ;fljsdf dtbftfgfdfjnLafx]s lgjf{rgsf nflu sDtLdf %dlxgfsf] cjlw nfUg] u/]sf]df clxn] tLgdlxgfdfq af“sL x'g'n] klg lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg]b]vfp“5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg cfjlwseGbf a9L;xefuLd"ns / ljlzi6 lgjf{rg ePsfn]cGt/f{li6«o cEof; / dfGotfnfO{ cg';/0f ug{;r]t u/fp“b} g]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lold;g -cgldg_n] r'gfj k|lqmofnfO{ w]/}gv'DRofpg cfof]u / ;/sf/sf dGqLx¿;“ucfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

Pdfn] :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o k|bLk g]kfnn]h]7df s'g} xfntdf lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] 7f]s'jfu/]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj eg]sf]ljutdf ePh:tf] k+rjifL{o r'gfjL gf6s gePsf]atfp““b} pgn] eg], …h+u]n] af]n]kl5 af]Nof] eGg]z}nLdf h]7sf] r'gfjL /6 nufpg 5f]8] x'G5 .Ú

lgjf{rgsf nflu cfwf/e"t P]g lgodlgdf{0fs} qmddf /x]sf], dtbftf gfdfjnL

;+ljwfg;ef slt ;b:oLo x'g]eGg ] ls6fg gePsfn]lgDglnlvt ;+zf]lwt wf/f g}ck"0f{ ePsf] 5 .

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f^# df ;+zf]wg M ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ̂ #sf] -!_ pkwf/f # sf] ;§f b]xfPsf]pkwf/f # /flvPsf] 5 .

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-v_ ;Dk"0f{ d'n'snfO{ Ps lgjf{rgIf]q dfgL /fhgLlts bnnfO{ dtlbg] ;dfg 'kflts lgjf {rgk|0ffnLcg';f/ v08 -s_ adf]lhd;b:o ;+Vofa/fa/ lgjf{lrt x'g];b:o . ä

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P]g, lgod lgdf{0f tyf :jLs[lt df3 klxnf] – kmfu'g klxnf]lgb]{]{lzsf / cfrf/;+lxtf tof/L tyf pTkfbg df3 t];|f] – kmfu'g clGtddtbftf gfdfjnL PsLs[t u/L clGtd¿k lbg] kmfu'g rf}yf] – j}zfv bf];|f]/fhgLlts bnbtf{ sfo{qmd kmfu'g t];|f] – r}t rf}yf]dtbftf ;r]tgf sfo{qmd df3 klxnf] – h]7 t];|f]lgjf{rg cg'udg tyf ko{j]If0f kmfu'g klxnf]– h]7 rf}yf]lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu ;'/Iff Joj:yf df3 t];|f]– h]7 rf}yf]

cBfjlw gePsf], gful/stf ljt/0f g;lsPsf]/ lgjf{rgsf nflu eo / qf;/lxt jftfj/0fg/x]sfn] h]7df r'gfj x'g} g;Sg] bfaL g]kfnsf]5 . dw]; cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f t/fO{sf !)lhNnfdf dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng / sltkolhNnfdf gful/stf ljt/0f cj?4 ePsf] 5 .

h]7df jf c;f]hdf lgjf{rg x'G5 eGg]s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ gePsf] atfp“b} sf+u|];leq;++ljwfg;efsf k|v/ kIfw/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; g]tfg/xl/ cfrfo{n] k|lqmofx¿nfO{ k"0f{tf lbP/dfq lgjf {rg ug{ 'kg ] { atfPsf 5g\ .nf]stflGqs u0f/fHo g]kfnsf nflu sf+u|];cleofg ljifos cGt/;+jfb sfo{qmddfcfrfo{n] eg], …!% lbgdf Nofpg] elgPsf];+ljwfgn] ^ dlxgf;Dd k"0f{tf kfPsf] 5}g,k"j{ tof/L g;sL r'gfj x'“b}g .Ú

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ljnDa x'“b} uP@))&–@)!& ;fn bf]xf]l/G5 < eGg] k|Zgdfcfrfo{n] eg], …Tolt a]nf bnx¿sf] dfq d'2fag]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj clxn] hgtf /gful/s ;dfhsf] rfxgf ePsfn] To:tf] eodfGg'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g .Ú

c;f/df cf7a'“b] ;xdltsf qmddf kGw|lbgleq hf/L x'g] elgPsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg ^dlxgf l9nf] u/L hf/L x'g'nfO{ g} ;+ljwfg;efsf]ofqftkm{sf] l9nfOsf] d"n sf/0f dflgPsf] 5 .hf/L ePsf] b'O{ dlxgf glaTb} ;+zf]wg ePsf];+ljwfg km]l/ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgsf] kvf{Odf 5 .

lgjf{rg;“u} hf]l8Psf] wf/f ^# df ePsf];+zf]wgdf lgjf{rg If]q slt x'g] eGg];d]tpNn]v gePsfn] Tof] wf/f k'gM ;+zf]wg gu/Llgjf{rgdf hfg g;lsg] cj:yfn] csf]{ ljnDax'g] /fhgLltzf:qL s[i0f vgfnn] atfPsf5g\, …hgtfsf] ck]Iff ;s];Dd rf“8f] lgjf{rgxf];\ eGg] 5, t/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ubf{ sltIf]q x'g] eGg] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g .o:tf] dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo 5'6]sfn] emg} ljnDax'g] ePsf] 5 .Ú

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ ljnDa x'“bfclgi6 x'g ;Sg]tkm{ klg pgn] ;r]t u/fPsf5g\ . …;+qmd0fsfn nlDaFb} hf“bf /fhgLltsk|lqmof ljrlnt x'g] ;Defjgf clws x'G5Ú,vgfnn] eg] . ä

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o:tf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLsf] bafadf rfF8}cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g x'G5 t < /fhgLltdf of]k|Zgsf] pQ/ hl6n aGb} uPsf] 5 . cf7/fhgLlts bnaLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGw /;dLs/0fdf ljefhgsf /]vf b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\eg] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿ u0ftGq 3f]if0ffug]{ qmflGtsf/L k|lt:kwf{df plqPsf 5g\ . oBlk,;Qfwf/L k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿aLrsf] cfk;LcljZjf;, dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g]bafa / Jojxf/ kl/jt{g ul/g' kg]{ ;t{sfsf/0f zflGt k|lqmof layf ] lnPsf ] 5,;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k|z:t r'gf}tLylkPsf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;ef / zflGt k|lqmofb'j} w/fkdf kg]{ t xf]Ogg\ eGg] z+sf a9\bf] 5 .To;dfly sfg'g Joj:yfsf] l:ylt lbglbg} v/fax'Fb} hfg' klg cGtl/d ;/sf/sf nflu ykr'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 eg] xltof/ Joj:yfkgljgfdfcf]jfbLnfO{ cGtl/d ;/sf/df gnfgsf nflucd]l/sL pkljb]zdGqL x]g]l/tf kmf]/sf] bafasf];fdfgf ug'{sf] r'gf}tL klg 5 . csf]{lt/ ;/sf/n]dw];sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt b]vfPsf] lg/fzfk"0f{ /j}ofn]yk ;d:of lgDTofPsf] 5 . ;/sf/ cem} klgdw];sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ bafpg] dgl:yltdfb]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] xfn}dfq c3f]lift ¿kdfdw];sf] cfGbf]ng;DaGwL j]j;fO6x¿nfO{c3f]lift ?kdf k|ltaGw nufO;s]sf] 5 .

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g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/b]pjf nufotsf g]tfx¿sf] a}7sdf sf]O/fnfn]:ki6 zAbdf Ps ;ftfleq dfcf]jfbLsf]ha/h:tL Jojxf/df kl/jt{g cfpg' kg]{ tyfxltof/ k|bz{g / k|of]u /f]lsg' kg]{, lj:yflktsf]k'gM:yfkgf, n'l6P / sAhf ul/Psf] ;DklQlkmtf{, xltof/ k|bz{g / k|of]u aGb ug]{ Ps;ftfsf] Dofb lbPsf lyP .

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jf:tjdf cfÎgf] bafad"ns /0fgLltcGtu{tPs dlxgfb]lv dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08/fhwfgLdf cGtl/d ;/sf/df cfkm"x¿sf];fd]nL u/fpg] cleofgdf nfuL k/]sf 5g\ .o;} cleofgsf qmddf JoQm cleJolQmx¿n]Pskl5 csf]{ cfz+sf hGdfpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .cfe;ef / kqsf/x¿;“usf] cGt/lqmofdf klgk/:k/ lj/f]wL s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ .cfk}+mn] /f]k]sf ljjfbf:kb ljifosf] v08g ug'{kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt k|r08sf ;fd' pkl:ytePsf] 5 . afun'ªsf] @& kmfu'gsf] cfd;efdfsf7df8f}+ k'u]/ cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ /;+ ljwfg;efsf ] ldlt 3f ]if0ff u/fpg]cfd;efdfkm{t cfZjf;g lbPkl5 kqsf/x¿;“uk|r08n] v'nf;f u/]sf lyP …====/fi6«;+3sf]lgodfg';f/ btf{ ug{ gldNg] xhf/f}+ xltof/aflx/} 5g\, ltgnfO{ sxf“ yGSofpg] eGg] ;d:of5 .Ú k|r08n] s:tf s:tf xltof/ btf{ x'gg;s]sf x'g\, Tof] eg] :ki6 u/]gg\ . xltof/aflx/} /x]sf] dfq hfgsf/L k|r08n] lbPsf5}gg\, pgn] Ps}k6s w]/} 7fp“df xfGg ;Sg]bIf k|fljlws Ifdtf ePsf xltof/ klgdfcf]jfbLsf] c:yfoL lzlj/aflx/} /x]sf] atfP .k|r08n] dfl6{g;“u of] ;dfrf/ unt ePsf]eg]/ d'Qm t ePsf 5g\, t/ dfl6{gn] k|r08;“u;f]emk'5 u/]/ dfq lrQ a'emfPsf 5}gg\ .dfl6{gn] dfcf]jfbLaf6 yk :ki6Ls/0fsf] cfzfklg /fv]sf 5g\ .

t/ dfl6{g / pgsf] 6f]nL cfk}+m klg;d:ofd'Qm eg] 5}g . clxn];Dd /fi6«;+3Lold;gnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{, cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfeP–gePsf] x]g]{ ;+oGq ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf]5}g . dfl6{gn] k6s–k6s cfrf/;+lxtf cg'udgug]{ ;+oGqsf] cfjZostf cf}+NofpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .

ptf dfl6{g;“usf] :ki6Ls/0fkl5 rf/ bnsfzLif{:y g]tfx¿sf] afn'jf6f/df ;DkGga}7sdf k|r08n] cfkm"n] af]n]sf s'/fsf] k|ltjfbug]{eGbf ;dfrf/sf] ;Totfdfly k|Zg p7fpg]sfd u/] . a}7sdf ;xefuL ;"qsf cg'';f/k|r08n] kf]v/fsf] cfe;efdf – b/af/cd]l/sLx¿sf] xTof u/]/ To;sf] bf]ifdfcf]jfbLnfO{ nufpg] / ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg layf]Ng] sfd ul//x]sf] efif0fsf] v08gug]{ k|of; u/]sf lyP . k|r08n] cfkm"n] ;fdfGocy{df To:tf] cf/f]k nufPsf] / kqklqsfn]To;nfO{ p5fn]sf] atfpFb} pDsg] k|of; u/]sflyP . k|r08sf] kf]v/fefif0fsf af/]df cd]l/sf/ b/af/n] :ki6Ls/0f dfUg] sfd ;fj{hlgs¿kd} u/]sf 5g\ eg] sf]O/fnfn] To;fnfO{…s]6fs]6LkgÚsf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\ . o;cl3a'6andf k|r08n] w]/} xltof/ vf]nfdf au]sf/ cfuf]df k/]sf] eg]/ kTofpg g;lsg] bfaLu/]sf lyP . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] lgu/fgLdfc:yfoL lzlj/df btf{ ePsf #) xhf/eGbf

a9L 5fkfdf/sf] t'ngfdf sl/a # xhf/ dfqxltof/ btf{ ePsf] oyfy{sf aLr dfcf]jfbLn]7"nf] ;+Vofdf xltof/ n'sfPsf] cfz+sfpl7/x]sf a]nf k|r08sf cleJolQmx¿n]cfz+sfnfO{ cem an k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] lj/f6gu/af6 d'n'su0ftGqfTds eO;s]sf] ;+s]t ub}{ /fhf 1fg]Gb|/ o'j/fh kf/;nfO{ u2L TofUg ;Nnfx lbPsf5g \ eg ] Pdfn ]n ] ; +;bLo k4lt /k|lqmofljk/Lt cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf /fhfnfO{sf/afxL ug{ kfpg] ;+zf]wg xfNg] /fhgLltsk|k~r u/]sf] b'O{ ;ftf lat]sf] 5}g . ;+;bLok/Dk/f / cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] lgoddf;d]t ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfgsf h'g h'g wf/fsf;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj NofPsf] 5, To;df dfq;+zf]wg k|:tfj ug{ kfOg] k|fjwfg ldr]/;+zf]wgsf nflu gvf]lnPsf] wf/fdf ;+zf]wgk|:tfj /fv]/ /fhfdfly sf/afxL ug{ /fhgLltcl3 ;f/]sf] lyof] . Pdfn] clxn]] Tof] k|:tfjlal;{Ph:tf] ub}{ 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] eg] …k|fOj]6Úljw]os btf{ u/]/ u0ftGqfTds /fhgLltsJoj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ /0fgLlt clVtof/ u/]sf]5 . ljZn]ifsx¿ dfcf]jfbLsf] k|:tfj Pdfn]sf]k|:tfjdflysf] k|ltlqmof dfG5g\ . otfk|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] lj/f6gu/af6 g]kfn /k|r08nfO{ dfy ug]{ /fhgLltsf] kf;f kmfn] .sf]O/fnfn] d'n's u0ftGqfTds eO;s]sf] ;+s]tub}{ /fhf 1fg]Gb| / o'j/fh kf/;nfO{ u2LTofUg] ;Nnfx lbPsf 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq/ /fhfnfO{ klg 7fpF lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf;fj{hlgs ¿kdf JoQm ub}{ cfPsf sf]O/fnfsf]kl5Nnf] cleJolQmn] sf+u|];hgd} cfZro{5fPsf] 5 . sf]O/fnfsf] of] qmflGtsfl/tfsf]k5fl8 k|r08 /x]sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Fb} 5, k|r08n]s]xL lbgcl3 sf]O/fnfaf6 u0ftGqsf] s'/fcfpg] ;+s]t u/]sf lyP . /fhgLltsljZn]ifsx¿ k|r08sf] l;kmfl/;df sf]O/fnfu0ftGqjfbL ag]sf] atfp“5g\ . /fhgLltzf:qsfPs lj1 eG5g\, …sf]O/fnfsf] u0ftGqjfbLjQmJosf] /fhgLltsf k5fl8 dfwj g]kfnn]kfNkf / u'NdLsf sfo{qmdx¿df cGtl/d;/sf/sf] k|wfgdGqLsf af/ ]df lg0f {oeOg;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ dxŒj lbP . To;sf]

k|To'Q/df k|r08 / sf]O/nf glhlsPsf x'g\ .Út/ sf]O/fnf, g]kfn / k|r08 ;a}n] cfkm"nfO{u0ftGqjfbL b]vfpg] xf]8df pgLx¿n] lgdf{0fu/ ]sf ] ;+ljwfg;efsf ] klxnf ] a }7sn]/fhtGqaf/] lg0f{o ug]{ k|fjwfgsf] lvNnLp8fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 .

Ps ;ftfb]lv dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cGtl/d;/sf/df ;fd]n u/fpg]af/] u[xsfo{df h'6]sfsf+u|];, Pdfn], sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ / dfcf]jfbLsfk6s–k6ssf a}7s lgisif{df k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ .sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf k|ltlglw 8f= k|sfzz/0fdxt eG5g\, …jQmJo / k|lta4tfx¿n] dfqePg, Jojxf/df b]lvg' k¥of] .Ú

dxtn] sAhf ul/Psf]–n'l6Psf] ;DklQ lkmtf{,xltof/ k|bz{g / k|of]u tTsfn /f]lsg'kg]{ c8fgdfbnx¿ /x]sf] atfP . sf]O/fnfn] kmfu'g @* sf]rf/ bnsf] zLif{ a}7sdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{cfkm"x¿;“u btf{ ePsfafx]s c¿ xltof/gePsf] / To:tf xltof/ km]nf k/]dfsfg'gcg';f/ sf/afxL ug{ kfpg] efiffdf jQmJohf/L ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . dxt eG5g\,…xltof/sf] wDsL ;dfKt ePsf] 5}g, ca jQmJo/ k|lta4tfn] dfq x'Fb}g .Ú dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cGtl/d;/sf/df Nofpg]af/] k|d'v rf/ bnaLr;/sf/sf Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmd, ;/sf/;+rfng ljlw / cfrf/;+lxtf h:tf ljifodfklg 5nkmn eO/x]sf] 5 . t/, …dfcf]jfbL;'lw|Psf]Ú cj:yfdf dfq pgLx¿ ;/sf/df;fd]n x'g] xf] eg] To:tf] jftfj/0f slxn];Ddlgdf{0f x'g] xf] < of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ bnsfg]tfx¿;“u klg 5}g .

dfcf]jfbLdfly ckx/0f, ha/h:tL rGbfc;'nL, 7]Ssfk§fdf x:tIf]k, sf/afxL h:tfbafad"ns cfk/flws sfdx¿ eO/x]sf] cf/f]k5g\ . a}7sx¿df dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] cfºgftkm{af6 afx|a'Fb] ;dembf/L, ljleGg a'Fbfsf;Demf}tf, zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]k|fjwfgcg';f/ sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ tLj|tf lbPsf]bfaL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ eg] k|To'Q/df /fhgLltsaGbL l/xf ug]{, a]kQfsf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs, cfºgf;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ / c:yfoL lzlj/df/x]sf …hgd'lQm ;]gfÚsf] plrt /]vb]v /e/0fkf]if0fsf] d'2f cl3 ;fg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . cGobnx¿n] dfcf]jfbLsf] Jojxf/ ;'lw|g'k5{ eGg]dfunfO{ dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg 6fg{ axfgf agfPsf] k|ltlqmof lbP/kG5g] u/]sf s'/f klg jftf{sf ;xefuLx¿atfp“5g\ . dGqL uf]kfndfg >]i7n] ;do;“ueg], …dfcf]jfbL;“u 7"nf] ;+Vofdf lrlgofF k]:tf]n/ 7"nf] dfqfdf lj:kmf]6sx¿ 5g\ . tL ;a}a'emfPkl5 dfq cGtl/d ;/sf/df ;fd]nu/fpg' k5{ .Ú

dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] kmfu'g @$ dfk|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ ;ft /fhgLlts bn /g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf aLrdf ut ;fnsf] afx|a'“b];dembf/Laf6 cufl8 a9]sf] ;xsfo{sf] k|lqmof;'b[9 ug'{ clgjfo{ ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ä

Ps ;ftfb]lv dfcf]jfbLnfO{cGtl/d ;/sf/df ;fd]n

u/fpg]af/] u[xsfo{dfh'6]sf sf+u|];, Pdfn],sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ /

dfcf]jfbLsf k6s–k6ssfa}7s lgisif{df k'Ug ;s]sf

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k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] e"ldsfdfly Ps dlxgfk"j{;dfrf/kqx¿df cfnf]rgf / k|z+;fsf y'k|}k+lQmx¿ n]lvP . /fhf–dxf/fhfx¿sf ;a}lqmofsnfk / Jojxf/nfO{ k|z+;fdfq} ug]{cEof;df h'6\g]x¿nfO{ o:tf :jtGq l6Kk0fLdfk|s6 ljrf/ cgf}7f] nfu]sf] x'g;S5 . ltgdfcfnf]rgf / k|z+;f;Fu} k[YjLgf/fo0fsf ;DaGwdf:jtGq / j:t'k/s l6Kk0fL klg cfPsf 5g\ .xfdL oltv]/ /fHo k'g;{+/rgfaf/] ax; ub}{5f}+ . /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ Oltxf;sf] k'g/fjnf]sg/ k'gd"{Nof+sg klg ug'{k5{ . of] d]nf]df cfh;Dd:yflkt ePsf w]/} JolQm / ljifosf] n]vfhf]vfug}{ k5{ . ljrf/x¿ k|s6 eP/ l:y/ ePkl5dfq} lgisif{ lgsfNg' pko'Qm x'G5 . k|ltlqmofsf¿kdf dfq cl3 ;fl/Psf ljifox¿ k|foM xr'jf/ tfTsflns x'G5g\ .

;/sf/n] k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] hGdlbgdf lbOg]labf cs:dft\ s6f}tL ubf{ o;;DaGwL ljjfb/ ax; pld|Psf] xf] . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf l56f]5l/tf] 9+un] sfd ug'{ cfjZos 5, t/ o;f]eGb}df xr'jf / ljgfcfwf/ ul/g' x'Fb}g . ;/sf/sf]lg0f{on] k'; @& ut] /fli6«o Pstflbj; eg]/lbOg] labf vf/]h u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5, t//fli6«o Pstflbj; vf/]h u¥of] jf u/]g eGg]s'/f atfPg . To;dfly vf/]h ug'{sf] sf/0fklg atfPg . gofF kl/l:yltdf ;Dk"0f{ lbj;jf pT;j clg ltgdf lbOg] labfsf ]k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;ldlt agfpg h?/L 5 .clxn]sf] kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df cWoog /k'g/fjnf]sgkl5 yKg'kg]{, x6fpg' kg]{ / lg/Gt/tflbg'kg]{ pT;j, lbj; / ltgdf lbOg] labfx¿sfsf/0f / cf}lrTo;lxt hg;dIf kf/bzL{ 9+un]k|:t't ug'{ ;/sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . To;}n] k';@& ut] /fli6«o Pstflbj; lsg dgfOPg < /,kmfu'g & ut] oyfl:yltdf k|hfGq lbj;dgfpg'sf] cfwf/ s] eg]/ k|Zg p7]sf x'g\ .hgtfn] ;/sf/n] ug]{ s'g} klg lg0f{osf] cfwf// cf}lrTo vf]H5 . To;sf] lrQa''‰bf] pQ/;/sf/n] lbg} kg]{ x'G5 . hgtfdf lglxt;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] d'Vo k|of]hg klg oxL xf] .hgtfn] ;f]w]sf k|To]s k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbP/ dfqnf]stflGqs ;/sf/n] zf;g ug{ kfpF5 .

g]kfnsf] of] e"v08df ljljw sfnqmddfpTkGg / ;dfKt ePsf /fhfx¿sf k/Dk/fcnu–cnu lsl;dsf 5g\ . k[YjLgf/fo0feGbfcufl8 klg v;, lnR5lj / ls/fFth:tf ljljw/fhj+zn] lj:tfl/t / PsLs[t g]kfndf /fhtGq

rnfPs} b]lvG5, t/ To;kl5 eg] k4ltsf¿kdf /fhtGq eTs]/ ;fdGtL kl/kf6Ls} ¿kdf5l/Psf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . kl5Nnf]k6s/fhj+znfO{ k4ltdf kl/jt{g ug]{ k|oTgsf] >]ok[YjLgf/fo0fnfO{ hfG5 .

/fHox¿ ljho ug]{ / To;nfO{ km]l/ efO /5f]/fx¿sf aLr c+zaG8f ug]{ rng /fHonfO{lghL ;DklQsf] ¿kdf 7fGg] ;fdGtL dgf]j[lQs}nIf0f lyof] . To; a]nfsf] ;+ul7t / ;DkGg/fHosf ¿kdf /x]sf] g]kfn pkTosfsf dNn/fhfx¿n] oxL efuaG8fsf] kl/kf6LnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] kl/k|]Iodf klg k[YjLgf/fo0fn]/fHonfO{ efOx¿sf aLrdf afF8\g] k|lqmof /f]s] .of] pgsf] df}lns yfngL lyof] / o;af6k[YjLgf/fo0fn] /fHonfO{ JolQmut ;DklQ geP/;fd"lxs k|oTgsf] k|ltkmn xf] eGg] dfGotfl:jsfg{ vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . o;n] kl5Nnf]k6sof] lxdfnL v08df /fhtGqnfO{ k4ltsf ¿kdfcl3 a9fpg] k|oTg klg u¥of] .

k[YjLgf/fo0fn] lj:tfl/t uf]/vf /fHo kl5…g]kfnÚ gfds/0f :jLs[tsf] zf;g nfdf] ;doug{ kfPgg\ . t}klg gofF /fHosf] ;+/rgf /;+rfngsf ljifodf pgsf tkm{af6 hf/L ul/Psf]lbJo pkb]zsf ¿kdf lrlgg] gLltjQmJonfO{tTsfnLg kl/j]z / lrGtgsf] ;LdfaLrzfxj+zLo /fhtGqsf] dxŒjk"0f{ yfngLsf ¿kdflng ;lsG5 . t/, /fhtGqsf] :jefljsrl/qcg'¿k /fhkl/jf/leq} a9]sf] kf/:kl/scljZjf;, s6'tf, dgf]dflnGo / ;Qfb|f]xsfsf/0fn] k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] d[To'kl5 pgsf gLlt–lgb]{zgsf] dfq} pk]Iff ePsf] xf]Og, ;fdfGodfgjLotf / dof{bfsf] klg kfng x'g ;s]g .kmn:j¿k ;+;f/df cfw'lgs r]tgf;lxtsf/fHox¿ k'g;{+/rgfdf cu|;/ x'Fb} u/]sf avtxfdL yk lg/+s'ztfsf] hxflgofF zf;gdfk|j]z u¥of}+ .

lgZro g} k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] /fHolj:tf/sf]d "n cfwf/ ;} lgs ultljlw / lghLdxŒjfsf+Iff klg xf] . o; qmddf w]/}sfklxrfg vNalnP, kl/jt{g / 3'nldn klgeP . d cfk}+m oltv]/ ;DemG5', d cfkm"nfO{clxn] g]kfnL eg]/ ljgf;+sf]r kl/ro lbG5',t/ d]/f k"j{hx¿sf] klxrfg g]kfnL lyPg .of] klxrfg dnfO{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / oxfFsf]g]jfM -g]kfM_ ;dfhn] k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . oyfy{dfuf]vf{nL klxrfg klg d]/f] k"j{hx¿sf] df}lnsklxrfg lyPg . of] sl/a ;jf b'O{ ;o jif{k"j{

cfOk/]sf] P]ltxfl;s kl/36gf dfq} lyof] .lsgeg] To;cl3 d]/f k"j{h tgx'Fsf lyP /To;k"j{ l;+hfnL . d]/f] k"j{hsf] efiffsf] gfdklg l;+hfnL g} lyof], t/ of] kl/jt{g /3'nldnk|lt dnfO{ s'g} u'gf;f ] 5}g .k[YjLgf/fo0fn] yfngL u/]sf] uf]vf{ /fHosf]lj:tf/qmdkl5 o;nfO{ g]kfn gfds/0f ul/g'/ uf]vf{nLx¿sf] ;d]t g]kfnL klxrfg :yflktul/g'n] lj:tf/;Fu} PsLs/0fsf] aLh klg o;dflyof] eGg] dxŒjk"0f{ kIfnfO{ b]vfpF5 . cfGtl/s:jfoQtf k|sf/fGt/n] cfGtl/s PsLs/0fsf]d"n cfwf/ aGg ;SYof], t/ Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{eTs]sf] /fHok|aGw cGttM /f0ff zf;gsf]pbo;Fu} emg\ a9L s]Gb|Ls[t aGb} hfFbf ;xh/ :jefljs PsLs/0fsf] cfGtl/s kl/l:yltg]kfnnfO{ pknAw ePg .

;ft ;fnsf] hgqmflGtkl5 Psk6s g]kfnnfO{nf]stflGqs k|lqmofåf/f cfGtl/s PsLs/0fdfn}hfg] cj;/ pknAw ePsf] xf] . To;k|ltk[YjLgf/fo0fsf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ Odfgbf/ ePgg\/ hgk|ltlglwx¿ klg ;dy{ b]lvPgg\ . To;}n]k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] b]xfj;fgsf] sl/a ;jf b'O{ ;ojif{kl5 xfdL k'g;{ +/rgfsf dfWodaf6;xeflutfd"ns / k|ltlglwTjk"0f{ /fHo vf]hLul//x]sf 5f}+, k"0f{tM nf]stflGqs k|lqmofåf/f .;+ljwfg;ef nf]stflGqs k|lqmofåf/f /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ Pp6f a[xt\ cfof]hgf xf] . Pp6f;To s] xf] eg] ljjfbsf s]xL k|;+u hf]l8P klgoltv]/ xfdLnfO{ pknAw PsLs[t g]kfn b]zsf]klxnf] /rgfsf/ k[YjLgf/fo0f lyP . g]kfndfzfx /fh;+:yf jf /fh;+:yf g} s'g} klg ¿k /cjtf/df ;d]t /xg] kl/l:ylt klg ca /x]g .o;f ] eGb }df ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnn]k[YjLgf/fo0fnfO{ ;Demgf jf ;Ddfg ug{ gldNg]jf gkg]{ eGg] xf]Og . sltko cleJolQmtfTsflns k|ltlqmofsf ¿kdf klg cfPsf 5g\ .;DejtM w]/ }n] k[YjLgf/fo0fnfO{ a[xt\hgcfGbf]ng -@)^#_n] lt/:sf/ u/]sf /fhf1fg]Gb|sf lhh'afh] dfq} eg]/ x]/]sf xf]nfg\ .sltn] ;fdGtL Joj:yfsf] k|ltlglw ag]sf]/fhtGq;Fu hf]8]/ klg wf/0ff agfPsf xf]nfg\ .slt;Fu PsLs[t g]kfn lgdf{0f x'Fbf u'd]sfklxrfgsf syfx¿ klg k[i7e"lddf a;]sf xf]nfg\ .lgZro g} oL ;a} ;f]rfOsf k5fl8 j:t'utcfwf/ 5g\, t/ eljiodf lgdf{0f x'g] h'g;'s}/fHo;+/rgfdf klg k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] P]ltxfl;sdxŒj / :yfg eg] g]kfndf /xG5 . ä

k'g;{+/rgf /k[YjLgf/fo0f

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…/fi6«;+3sf] lgodcg';f/ btf{ ug{ gldn]sfxhf/f}+ xltof/ lzlj/aflx/} 5g\, ltgnfO{ sxf“yGSofpg] eGg] ;d:of 5Ú, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf;jf]{Rr sdfG8/ klg dflgg] k|r08n] utkmfu'g @* ut] afun'ªdf cfof]lht ;efdfeg]sf lyP . k|:6 5, /fi6«;+3n] btf{ ug{gdfg]sf xltof/ ltg} lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ x'g\,h'g 7"nf] kl/df0fdf 5g\ .

cfk}+mn] lgdf{0f ug{] u/]sf 3/]n' lj:kmf]6skbfy{sf] ;xfotfn] b;jif{] hgo'4 n8]sf]atfpg] dfcf]jfbL;Fu clxn] cfkm";Fu sltlj:kmf]6s kbfy{ 5 eGg] hfgsf/L 5}g .…xltof/sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f gePe}+m lj:kmf]6skbfy{sf] oyfy{ ljj/0f klg xfdL;Fu 5}g .ePsf ;a} lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ Odfgbf/Lsf ;fydfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] a'emfPsf 5g\Ú, dfcf]jfbLdWodf~rn sdflG8ª OGrfh{ jif{dfg k'g

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kbfy{sf] bfFhf]df xltof/ Psbd} Go"g ePsf]/ cfÎgf kf6L{sf n8fs'x¿;Fu ;a}eGbf a9L;s]6 ad /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . k|r08sf]egfO cflwsfl/s dfGg] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLlzlj/df sDtLdf klg $) b]lv $% lSjG6nlj:kmf]6s kbfy{ x'g' kYof{] . t/, dfcf]jfbLn];ftj6f lzlj/df u/L hDdf @% lSjG6nlj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . …xfdL;FuePsf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ;+sng u/]/ lzlj/dfyGsfpg] cleofg hf/L /fv]sf 5f}+Ú, k'g cufl8eG5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{stf{n] clxn]klg cfTd/Iffsf nflu eg]/ ad af]Sb} lxF8\g]u/]sf 36gfn] klg dfcf]jfbL;Fu k|z:tlj:kmf]6s kbfy{ aflx/ /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5,h'g dfcf]jfbLn] eg] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . …xfd|fsfo{stf{n] st} klg aflx/ lj:kmf]6s kbfy{nu]sf 5}gg\Ú, kf6L{n] bfaL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLltdf cfO;s]kl5d'n'se/ lj:kmf]6s kbfy{s} sf/0f ^* hgf3fOt] ePsf 5g\ eg] !$ hgfsf] Hofg uPsf]5 . dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/n] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{/fv]sf] 7fpF lal;{Psf sf/0f sltko 36gfePsf 5g\ eg] slt 7fpFdf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf {n ] lj:kmf ]6s kbfy{ v'n ]cfdk|of]u ub}{ cfPsfn] o:tf 36gf bf]xf]l//x]sf5g\ .

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dfcf]jfbL zflGtk"0f{/fhgLltdf cfO;s]kl5d'n'se/ lj:kmf]6skbfy{s} sf/0f ^* hgf3fOt] ePsf 5g\ eg]!$ hgfsf] Hofg uPsf]5 . dfcf]jfbL5fkfdf/n] lj:kmf]6skbfy{ /fv]sf] 7fpFlal;{Psf sf/0fsltko 36gf ePsf5g\ eg] slt 7fpFdfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]lj:kmf]6s kbfy{v'n]cfd k|of]u ub}{cfPsfn] o:tf 36gfbf]xf]l//x]sf 5g\ .

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lrtjgdf /x]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] t];|f]l8lehgn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df btf{ gePsfxltof/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . lzlj/leq}Knfl:6sn] 5fPsf] ;fdfGo 6x/f]df/flvPsf tL xltof/df ;s]6 adb]lvlhn]l6g, ;f]8f, 8]6f]g]6/, ºo'hh:tflj:kmf]6s 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] lrtjgl:yt t];|f]l8lehgn] a'wjf/ laxfg kqsf/;Dd]ng u/]/ btf{ gePsf xltof/sf]ljj/0f lbPsf] xf] . dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm;]gfsf dWodf~rn sdflG8ª OGrfh{jif{dfg k'g …cgGtÚsf cg';f/ t];|f]l8lehgdf !%) yfg ;s]6 ad 5g\ .To:t} !%) lsnf] lhn]l6g, #%) lsnf];f]8f, @%) lsnf] ;Nkm/, ºo'h !(lSjG6n, r'6k'6] ad $& /f]n / l8:rfh{!* yfg 5g\ .

To;}u/L ljleGg lsl;dsf 8]6f]g]6/^ xhf/ @ ;o !! yfg 5g\ . /fi6«;+3sf]6f]nLn] btf{ gu/]kl5 oL xltof/ aflx/}/x]sf] cgGtn] atfP . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf]t];|f] l8lehgdf k|dfl0ft ( ;o %$dlxnf;lxt % xhf/ ( ;o ̂ ^ 5fkfdf/5g\ . l8lehg sdfG8/ ljljwsfcg';f/ k|dfl0ft xltof/sf] ;+Vof &;o ^ 5 .

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;dembf/Lcg';f/ dfcf ]jfbL;Fu ePsflj:kmf]6s kbfy{x¿ hDdf u/]/ tLg dlxgfleqgi6 ug'{ k5{ . o;nfO{ nfu" u/fpg cK7\of/f]ePkl5 dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/n] hDdf u/fPsflj:kmf]6s kbfy{x¿ d'Vo ;ftj6f lzlj/af6sl/a ! lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] b"/Ldf e08f/0ful/Psf 5g\ .

…pgLx¿n] cfkm";Fu ePsf] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{n]n8fOF lht]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ d"Nof+sgug{] xf] eg] lzlj/df hDdf ePsf lj:kmf]6skbfy{ yf/} dfGg' k5{Ú, dfcf]jfbL xltof/Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg Ps clwsf/L atfpF5g\ .pgsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLn] hDdf u/]sflj:kmf]6s kbfy{ / To;sf] ;xL Joj:yfkggx' Fbf cfpg] ;d:ofsf af/]df xltof/Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf /x]sf dfcf]jfbL, ;/sf// ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] klg rf;f] b]vfPsf 5}gg\ .

…;a} k|sf/sf ad, df]6f{/ / 3/]n' xltof/dfk|of]u x'g] uf]nfaf?bnfO{ lgliqmo kf/]/lzlj/cf;kf; ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fv]sf 5f}+Ú,dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] klxnf] l8lehgcGtu{t ;f]n'–;Nn]/L la|u]l8o/af6 xfn;fn} of]ª sDo'lgi6lnu -jfOl;Pn_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ePsf ls/0f/fO{ -lg;fg_ eG5g\ . t/, ljleGg la|u]8;“u/x]sf ad / uf]nfaf?b ufp“–ufp“d} klg/flvPsf] ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . ef]hk'/lgjf;LPs k"j{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf cg';f/ h+undf/x]sf cf]8f/df ;d]t lu|g]8nufotsflj:kmf]6s kbfy{ /flvPsf] 5 .

…klxn] d]/} Pshgf cfkmGtsf] 3/el/ ad/flvPsf] lyof]Ú, pgL eG5g\, …clxn] tL ;a}nfO{glhs}sf] cf]8f/df ;fl/Psf] /x]5 .Ú Ps k"j{la|u]8 sld;f/n] klg dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf]lzlj/df ;a} ad / uf]nfaf?b e08f/0fgul/Psf] :jLsf/] . pgn] hxf“ /flvP klg tLlj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbOPsf]atfP .

tL k"j{ la|u]8 sld;f/sf cg';f/ /fi6«;+3n]xltof/sf] dfGotf glbPsf ad, lu|g]8 Pp6fl8lehgdf dfq} xhf/f}+ 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] utj}zfv !! ut] k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgfePnuQ} xltof/ Tofu]/ v'nf /fhgLltdfcfPkl5 klg lu|g]8 / cGo 3/]n' ad agfpg]sfd hf/L /fv]sf] lyof] . …kl5Nnf] o'4lj/fdkl5klg xfdLn] xhf/f}+ ad agfof}+Ú, tL k"j{ la|u]8sld;f/n] eg], …lu|g]8dfq} !% xhf/eGbf a9Lagfof}+ .Ú clxn] eg] ad, lu|g]8 pTkfbg/f]lsPsf], a? k'/fg}nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf dd{tul/Fb} cfPsf] pgn] atfP .

;|f]tsf cg';f/ @)^@ ;fnsf] df3dfef]hk'/sf] 3f]8]6f/ cfqmd0fkl5 dfcf]jfbLn]cln pGgt k|sf/sf lu|g]8 agfpg yfn]sf]lyof] . To;cl3 k|of]u x'g] lu|g]8sf ljleGgkf6{x¿nfO{ vf]n]/ 5'§f5'§} /fVg ldNb}gYof] .kl5 Ïo'h, vf]sf, lj:kmf]6hGo kbfy{nfO{5'§f5'§} /fVg ldNg] / k|of]u ug]{ a]nf If0fe/d}

hf]8\g ;lsg] lu|g]8 aGg yfNof] .…o:tf lu|g]8sf ;a} kf6{nfO{ Ps–csf{af6

cnu u/]sf 5f}+, s's/ad, NofG8dfOgsftf/x¿ r'“8fPsf 5f}+Ú, tL k"j{ la|u]8 sld;f/eG5g\ . nfdf] ;do;Dd e08f/0f ug{ g;lsg]/ ;fdfGo wSsfaf6 g} lj:kmf]6 x'g;Sg]adx¿nfO{ eg] ut c;f/d} lgliqmo kfl/Psf]pgn] atfP . t/, lzlj/af6 efu]sf,k |df0fLs/0fdf cg'QL0f { ePkl5 kf6L {;Dks{aflx/ uPsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] obfsbfcfk"m;“u} ad / uf]nfaf?b klg n}hfg] vt/fb]lvPsf] 5 .

ut kmfu'g @) ut] /flt w/fgdf ePsf]ad lj:kmf]6n] o:t} vt/fsf] ;+s]t u5{ .dfl;s !^ xhf/ tna kfOg] cfzfdf utsflQsdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdf egf{ ePsfg'g9fsL, ;+v'jf;efsf !& jifL{o bfjf cf]ª\bLz]kf{n] lzlj/af6 efUbf cfk"m;“u} Pp6f adklg NofPsf lyP . bfjf cf]ª\bLn] dft]sf] ;'/dfTo;nfO{ k8\sfp“bf pgL;lxt !^ jifL{o k|d]ztfdfª / #% jifL{o df]xg ;'Aaf 3fOt] ePsflyP .

k|d]z klg bfjf cf]ª\bL;“u} dfcf]jfbL ;]gfdfegf{ ePsf lyP . Onfdsf] r'nfr'nLl:ytdfcf]jfbL klxnf] l8lehg lzlj/af6 efu]sfk|d]z cfk"mn] eg] ad gNofPsf] bfaL u5{g\ .…d;“u} c¿ klg efu]sf lyP, pgLx¿n] NofP–NofPgg\ eGg] rflx“ yfxf 5}gÚ, lj:kmf]6af6v'§fdf rf]6 nfu]sf k|d]z eG5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn]bfjf cf]ª\bLnfO{ …eu'jfÚ ePsf] / ad b]vfP/y'k|}nfO{ wDSofp“b} k};f c;'n]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]k ;xL xf] eg] /fi6«;+3n]xltof/ gdfg]sf] p;sf] ad / uf]nfaf?bemg\ lrGtfsf] ljifo x'g ;S5 .

…xltof/ rnfpg hfGg]n] dfq k|of]u ug{;S5, t/ lj:kmf]6s kbfy{df Tof] l;4fGt nfu"x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] xltof/eGbf klg lj:kmf]6skbfy{sf] Joj:yfkgdf /fHo, dfcf]jfbL / ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3 6f]nL a9L lhDd]jf/ aGg' k5{Ú,lj:kmf]6s kbfy{;DaGwL nfdf] ;dob]lvcWoog/t ul//x]sL k"0f {zf]ef lrqsf/atfpFl5g\ .

o'4 ;lsPsf] @% jif{kl5 clxn] klgsDaf]l8ofdf cJojl:yt ?kdf /flvPsflj:kmf]6s kbfy{x¿sf] lj:kmf]6gs} sf/0fdlxgfdf ;of}+ ;j{;fwf/0fn] Hofg u'dfpg]u/]sf 5g\ . …dfcf]jfbLn] klg cj}w ¿kdfst} n'sfPsf 5g\ jf st} o'4cjlwdf uf8]//fv]/ la;{]sf 5g\ eg] tL lj:kmf]6s kbfy{n]ef]ln eofjx cj:yf lgDTofpg ;S5Ú,lrqsf/sf] egfO 5 . ut jif{dfq tLglhNnfdf 3/nfO{ nlIft u/L ad lj:kmf]6gePsf 5g\ eg] #* j6f lhNnfdf 3/ /cfFugdf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ k8\s]sf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLn] ;ftj6f d'Vo lzlj/df hDdfu/]sf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{df 8]6f]g]6/ tyf ;fdfGo

8]6f]g]6/ %)–%) xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] pNn]vu/]sf] 5 . cfÎgf n8fs'x¿;Fu lj:kmf]6s kbfy{lgdf{0fsf nflu rflxg] ;of}+ yfg l:6s, h]ln6]g,xjfO kfp8/ h:tf sRrfkbfy{ ePsf] / tLklg ;Demf}tfg';f/ lzlj/df e08f/0f ul/Psf]k'g atfpF5g\ . ä

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lxhf] h+undf a;]/ ;j{;fwf/0fdfly cTofrf/ug]{ afgL k/]sf dfcf]jfbLn] hgcfGbf]ng–@ n];'lw|g] df}sf lbPsf] xf] eGg] la;]{/ af/Daf/ k'/fg}rl/q bf]x¥ofO/x]sfn] ;/sf/dfq xf]Og,;j{;fwf/0f klg lbSs ePsf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbL HofbtLsf] k|ltsf/ ug]{ ;+Vof lj:tf/}al9/x]sf] 5 . xltof/sf] bDedf pgLx¿n] k|bz{gu/]sf Jojxf/ s;}nfO{ lrQ a'em]sf] 5}g eGg]Ps dlxgfb]lv s~rgk'/sf] a]nf}/L, s}nfnLsfcQl/of, wgu9L / rf}dfnf tyf a}t8L;b/d'sfd / csf]{ ufpF rf}vfddf ePsfk|ltsf/n] b]vfPsf] 5 . …cem} klg pgLx¿n]cfkm"nfO{ ;'wf/]gg\ eg] vl:sFbf] hgdt z"Godfk'Ug a]/ 5}gÚ, g]kfnL sf+u|]; s~rgk'/ ;efklto1/fh hf]zL eG5g\ .

;'b"/klZrddf Ps dlxgfb]lv dfq} x]g]{ xf]eg] dfcf]jfbL HofbtLn] k/fsfi7f gf3]sf] 5 .o;} ;ftf a}t8Ldf dfcf]jfbLn] uflj; ;lrjdflys'6lk6 u/]sf] Ps lbg glaTb} wgu9Ldf

ljBfyL{nfO{ lg3f{t s'6lk6 u/]sf 5g\, pgLx¿n] .clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf ljBfyL{x¿n] pkrf/fy{ egf{ePsf g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 k|hftflGqssf s]Gb|Lo;b:o n]v/fh hf]zLnfO{ ;]tL c~rnc:ktfnleq k;]/ lgd{d s'6lk6 u/]sf lyP .s}nfnL ax'd'vL SofDk;leq k|j]z u/LqmflGtsf/Lsf] Ps ;d"xn] sIffdf kl9/x]sf h]D;l3ld/]nfO{ aflx/ tfg]/ s'6lk6 u/]kl5 SofDk;sfljBfyL{x¿n] qmflGtsf/Lsf Ps sfo{stf{nfO{s'6lk6 u/]sf] eGb} hf]zLnfO{ lk6]sf x'g\, dfcf]jfbLljBfyL{x¿n] .

l3ld/]nfO{ SofDk;d} lgoGq0fdf lnO{ s'6lk6u/]kl5 :jljo' ;efklt o1/fh 9'+ufgfn] pgnfO{;]tL c~rn c:ktfn k'¥ofPsf lyP . 36gfkl5ljBfyL{x¿n] dfcf]jfbLlj?4 rsf]{ gf/fafhL u/] .36gfkl5 c:ktfn k'u]sf k|x/L pk/LIfsljho/fh e§dfly ;d]t dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿n]b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf lyP . leGg /fhgLlts cf:yf/fv]s} sf/0f dfcf]jfbLn] p208 drfPsf] /pkrf/ ug'{sf ;fy} dfkmL gdfu] r/0fa4cfGbf]ng ug]{ tyf To;sf] kl/0ffdsf] lhDdf

dfcf]jfbLn] lng' kg]{ r]tfjgL lbFb} qmflGtsf/Lafx]ssf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] 36gfsf] lj/f]wdf ;+o'Qmlj1lKt hf/L u/]sf 5g\ .

o;sf] Ps lbgcl3 dfcf]jfbL a}t8L lhNnfsfk"j{ hg;/sf/ k|d'v ljho ;'Gb/n] s'jfsf]6uflj; ;lrj rqmk|;fb pkfWofonfO{ s'6lk6u/] . ;lrjn] ljho ;'Gb/dfly sf/afxLsf] dfuub}{ hLjg/Iffsf nflu :yfgLo k|zf;gnfO{u'xf/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;lrjfno;b:o;d]t /x]sf ljho ;'Gb/n] a}t8L;b/d'sfdsf] k|d'v ahf/ uf]7fnfkfgLdfpkfWofonfO{ s'6]sf x'g\ . ;lrjnfO{ s'6]kl5ahf/ lbge/ tgfju|:t ePsf] lyof] .

;lrjnfO{ s'6\bf glhs} /x]sf k|x/Ln] k|lt/f]wu/]gg\ . a}t8Lsf Joj;foLx¿n] k|x/Lsf]df}gtfk|lt c;Gtf]if hgfPsf lyP . …b'O{ ;ftfcl3pgn] sfof{nodf af]nfPsf lyP, t/ d uOgF,To;}n] s'6]sf xf]nfg\Ú, ;lrj rf}nfufO{n] s'6\g'sf]sf/0faf/] eg] . o;cl3 klg ljho ;'Gb/n]uf]7fnfkfgLd} g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqsf ;lrj3gZofd e§dfly xftkft u/]kl5 :yfgLo

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ljrf/ /fhgLlt

;+ljwfgadf]lhd l5§} g} csf]{ jf:tljs dlGqkl/ifb\ aGb} 5 / ta;Ddsf]Pp6f ;+qmd0f sfn b]vfk/]sf] ;Gbe{df dfq wf/f !^) sf] pkwf/f ! sf]Joj:yf ug{' k/]sf] xf] . o:tf] cjlwsf nflu ag]sf] ;/sf/n] zkyu|x0f ug{afWo kfg{{] Joj:yf gx'g'sf] cy{ xf] of] ;/sf/sf] cjlw Hofb} 5f]6f] cg'dfgug'{ . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] cIf/ / efjgf eg]sf] klg oxL xf] .

5f]6f] ;dosf lglDt ;/sf/sf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu dfq Joj:yf ul/Psf]k|fjwfgadf]lhdsf] ;/sf/sf] cjlw ls6fg gul/g'sf] cy{ oxfF :ki6 ug{h?/L 5 . ;+ljwfgadf]lhd lgdf{0f ul/g] gofF ;/sf/sf] g} /fHo;~rfng ug]{d'Vo clwsf/ / st{Jo x'G5 . of] ;+ljwfgjfbsf] ;j{JofkL dfGotf xf] . gofF;/sf/ lgdf{0f gubf{;Dd /fHodf ;/sf/sf] z"Gotf x'g glbgsf nflu dfqo:tf] k'/fgf] ;/sf/nfO{ gofF ;+ljwfgadf]lhd u7g ePsf] dflgg] k/Dk/f/x]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !^) pkwf/f ! sf]Joj:yf ToxL ;+;f/el/ cjnDag ul/g] sfd rnfp ;/sf/sf] x}l;oteGbfdfly g/x]sf] Joj:yf xf] eGg] a'‰g ca ufx|f] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf sfdrnfp ;/sf/n] dxŒjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ ug{ gx'g] dfq xf]Og, gu/L gx'g]lgoldttfsf nflu dfq sfdx¿ ug'{k5{ . ;+;f/el/sf] k|rng o:tf] ePsf]x'gfn] clxn]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] cjlw ls6fgsf] Joj:yf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg@)^# df pNn]v gx'g' :jefljs dfGg'k5{ . o; lsl;dsf] dlGqkl/ifb\ @–$lbgeGbf nfdf] /xg klg ;S5 eGg] s;}n] sNkgf ug{ ;Sb}g .

cGtl/d ;+ljwfgadf]lhd ;/sf/ ljleGg axfgfdf aGg klg glbg]clg zkyu|x0f ug{ klg gkfpg] dlGqkl/ifb\n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgnufotdgrfx]adf]lhd klg ul//xg' jf:tjdf clVtof/sf] b'?kof]usf] ljifoklg xf] . nf]stGqsf] klxnf] dfGotf sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf xf] . h;n];+ljwfgsf] efjgf dfq xf]Og, cIf/sf] ;d]t a]jf:tf ub{5, To;n]

sfg'gL /fHosf] l;4fGt cjnDag u5{ eGg' la/fnf]nfO{ zfsfxf/L eGg';/x xf] . g]kfnL hgtfn] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfpk/ hgcfGbf]ngsf]efjgf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] ;aeGbf /fd|/L ;+/If0f / ;Ddfgx'g ;S5 eg]/ g} ljZjf; hfx]/ u/]sf x'g\ . sfd rnfp ;/sf/nfO{ b'O{dlxgf;Dd ntfg]{ / cem ntfg{s} lglDt e/y]u ul//x"g\ eg]/ g]kfnLhgtfn] lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sf xf]Ogg\ .

;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] /Iff To;sf] Odfgbf/Lk"0f{ kfngfdf dfq x'G5eGg' ;j{dfGo l;4fGt xf] . hgtfsf] ;Ddfg hgtfsf] ;jf]{kl/tfdf dfqx'G5 . nf]stGqjfbL Tof] dfq x'G5 h;n] cfk}+m lgdf{0f u/]sf] jf ;dy{gu/]sf] ;+ljwfg, sfg'g, lgod / cfrf/;+lxtf b[9tfk"j{s kfngf u5{ .Odfgbf/ /fhgLlt1sf] af]nLjrg Pp6f / Jojxf/ csf]{ x'Fb}g . clxn];Dk"0f{ cu|ufdL g]kfnL hgtf / ;+;f/el/sf Gofok]|dL hg;d'bfon]g]kfnsf cf7 /fhgLlts bn, logLx¿sf g]tf, logn] agfPsf] ;+ljwfg,Joj:yflksf÷;+;b\ / ;/sf/nfO{ ulx/f] rf;f]sf ;fy x]l//x]sf 5g\ .o;sf] s]Gb|df clxn] klg k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnf 5g\ . pd]/ / cj:yf,jl/i7tf / cg'ejsf cfwf/df k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm"nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];eGbfdfly p7fP/ lgM:jfy{ ;+/If0f efj / Jojxf/sf] ck]Iff hgtfsf] 5 / of]/fli6«o ;Ddfg hf] s;}n] k|fKt u/]sf klg 5}gg\ . o:tf] JolQmTjaf6zkyu|x0f klg gu/L /fHo;~rfngsf] lg/Gt/tf lbg' cToGt b'Mvbk|;+u xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf oyfzL3| dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ ;+j}wflgs g}ltstfsf]w/ftndf Nofpg' g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6«o ;DdfgnfO{ cem prf] p7fpg'xf] . lul/hfafa'nfO{ ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lbg rfxg]n] :jo+ pxfF / cGtl/d;+ljwfg, Joj:yflksf÷;+;b\ / l;+uf] /fi6«nfO{ gf]S;fg k'Ug] ;Nnfx /;'emfj lbg' dxfkfk l;jfo s]xL x'g]5}g . ä

hg:jf:Yo Ifo/f]u–PrcfOeL

;do á r}t *, @)^#42

ä /fh]z l3ld/]÷sf7df8f}+ -t:jL/ klg_

cfufdL ;ftf cGo d'n'sh;/L g} g]kfndf klg…Ifo/f]u–Ps 7fpF, ;a} 7fpFÚsf] gf/fdf ljZjIfo/f]u lbj; eJotfsf ;fy dgfpgsf nflutof/L ;'? eO;]s]sf] 5 . ;g\ !**@ sf] dfr{@$ sf lbg 8f= /f]j8{ ssn] Ifo/f]usf] sf/sl6aL Aofl;n; kQf nufPsf] ;Demgfdf dgfOg]of] lbgsf] tof/Lsf nflu ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L, sfo{kq,k'/:sf/ cflbsf] eJo tof/Ldf Jo:t 5g\, g]kfnLlj1x¿ . tL sfo{qmdx¿df Ifo/f]u / PrcfOeLb'j}af6 ;+qmldtx¿sf] …Ps} ;fy ;xh pkrf/Úsf]cfjfh eg] o;kfln klg k|zf;lgs emd]nfsfsf/0f blag] ;+s]t b]vf kl/;]s]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] Ifo/f]u lbj;sf a]nfdf Ifo/f]u /PrcfOeLsf] klxrfg / pkrf/sf nflu b'j};Fu;DalGwt lgsfoaLr ;+of]hg / ;fd~h:otfNofpg] clg ;+qmldtx¿nfO{ pkrf/df ;xhkx'Frsf nflu kxn ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . Tof]lg0f{o ePsf] Ps jif{;Dd klg ;+of]hgsf nflu

b'O{ ;ldltsf] u7gafx]s vf;} pNn]vgLo sfdx'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

vt/fdf pTkfbs k':tfljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/ PrcfOeL kf]h]l6e

ePdf JolQmsf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] zf/Ll/s Ifdtfdfk|ToIf c;/ k'U5 . g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] $%k|ltzt dflg; Ifo/f]usf ls6f0f'af6 ;+qmldt5g\ . tLdWo]df ^) k|ltzt jo:sx¿df of];+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5 . …Ifo/f]usf ls6f0f' ePklg pgLx¿sf] z/L/df /x]sf] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTdsIfdtfsf sf/0f ;a} ;+qmldt dflg;df Ifo/f]ub]lvFb}g . PrcfOeL ;+qmd0fn] z/L/sf] /f]uk|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf gi6 ug]{ ePsfn] PrcfOeL;+qmldtdf ;a}eGbf l56f] Ifo/f]un] cfqmd0fu5{Ú, hg:jf:Yo ljz]if1 tyf Ifo/f]u tyfPrcfOeLdf sfd ul//x]sf] ;+:yf :jf:Yocg';Gwfg tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; d~r -x8{_sfcWoIf ;'zLn a/fn eG5g\ .

a/fn eG5g\, …;a}eGbf vt/gfs kIf oL b'j}n]

pTkfbs k':tfnfO{ c;/ u5{g\ cyf{t\ logn] !%b]lv $( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;nfO{ c;/u5{g\ / b'j}af6 kLl8t ePdf pTkfbs k':tfn];Ifdtfk"j{sf sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .Ú

pTkfbs k':tfn] ;Ifdtfk"j{s sfd ug{ g;Sg]ePsfn] oL b'j} ;+qmd0fn] k|ToIf ¿kdf d'n'ss}ljsf;nfO{ c;/ u5{ . oL b'j} ;+qmd0fnfO{ ;dod}Jojl:yt tl/sfn] /f]syfd gug]{ xf] eg] ;x;|fAbLljsf; nIo xfl;n ug]{ sfddf gsf/fTdsc;/ k5{ . To;}n] klg o;sf] /f]syfdnfO{ g}klg Pp6f ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf ¿kdf/flvPsf] 5 .

…jf:tjdf of] ljsf;sf] Ph]G8f xf]Ú, /fli6«oP8\; tyf of}g/f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|sf lgb]{zs 8f=/fh]Gb| kGt eG5g\, …o;nfO{ ;fFRr} g} uDeL/tfsf;fy lng' k5{ .Ú

a/fn eG5g\, …ljsf;sf] Ph]G8f ePsfn] g}oL b'j} /f]uaf6 b]lvPsf] r'gf}tLnfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf cGt/f{li6«o ?kdfg} cf}+NofOPsf] 5 .Ú

5}g ;dGjo;+;f/el/ g} ljsf;sf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ d'2fsf ¿kdf cufl8 NofOPsf] Ifo/f]u / PrcfOeLsf]

å}w ;+qmd0fsf] pkrf/sf nflu ;+o'Qm kxn ug{ g]kfnsf b'O{ ;/sf/L lgsfoaLr ;}4flGts;xdlt eP klg Jojxf/df o;nfO{ nfu" ug{ cem} s]xL ;do nfUg] b]lvPsf] 5 .

/fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|df pkrf/sfnflu cfPsf la/fdLx¿

;do á r}t *, @)^# 43

;dGjosf] k|of;g]kfndf klg oL b'j} ;+qmd0fnfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf

;Daf]wg ug]{ kxn gePsf] xf]Og . ljZj :jf:Yo;+u7g, /fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|, /fli6«o P8\; tyfof}g/f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|;Fusf] ;xsfo{df x8{n]Ifo/f]u / PrcfOeL sfo{qmdsf] ;xsfo{sf nfluj:t'ut cWoog ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;f]xLcWoogcg';f/ clxn] /fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb| //fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g/f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb| ;+o'QmgLlt lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn ul//x]sf s'/f b'j}s]Gb|sf lgb]{zsx¿n] ;donfO{ atfP .

;g !((^ otf ePsf rf/j6f ;j]{If0fn]PrcfOeL kf]h]l6edf Ifo/f]u a9\b} uPsf] b]lvPsf]5 . /fli6«o Ifo/f]u sfo{qmdsf lgb]{zs 8f=k'ikf dNnsf] egfOdf slt PrcfOeL kf]h]l6edfIfo/f]u 5 eGg] olsg tYof+s pknAw 5}g .o;sf] d"n sf/0f g]kfndf plrt cWoogsf]cefj g} xf] .

clxn]sf] :yfgLo txsf] ;d:of eg]PrcfOeLsf nflu vf]lnPsf lel;6L -ef]lnlG6o/LsfplG;lnª PG8 6]l:6ª_ / Ifo/f]uLsf nfluvf]lnPsf 86\; ;]G6/aLr ;dGjosf] cefj xf] .To;n] ubf{ PrcfOeL / Ifo/f]u b'j}sf ;+qmldtsf]pkrf/df ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . 8f= kGt eG5g\,…xfdL ;+o'Qm ?kdf cufl8 a9\b} 5f}+ / xfdL gLltlgdf{0fsf] r/0fdf cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ .Ú

8f= dNn elG5g\, …;dGjosf nflu k|of;eO/x]sf 5g\, xfdL rfF8} lgisif{df k'U5f}+ .Ú

…t/ ;d:of eg] r':t ?kdf sfd ug{ g;Sg'xf], h'g ultdf PrcfOeL ;+qmldtdf Ifo/f]ukm}ln/x]sf] 5 . Tof]eGbf tLj| ultdf sfd x'g'kg]{ lyof] . To;f] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}gÚ, Ifo/f]us]Gb|sf Ps ljz]if1n] atfP .

Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ;+rfngdf g]kfnn]k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntfnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ?kd} ;x|fgful/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfndf PrcfOeL÷P8\;/f]syfdsf] ;/sf/L k|of;df u}/;/sf/L If]qsf]pNn]vgLo of]ubfg 5 . …oL b'j}sf] IfdtfnfO{;+o'Qm ?kdf nfg ;s]df Ifo/f]u / PrcfOeLsf]å}w ;+qmd0fnfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;Daf]wg ug{;lsG5Ú, lgb]{zs 8f= kGt eG5g\ .

x8{sf a/fn eG5g\, …o;sf nflu b'j}sfo{qmdn] plQs} rf;f] / ;lqmotf b]vfpg'k5{ . ;fy} xfn sfo{qmdx¿df ePsf ;ankIfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpFb} ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L /lghL If]qsf] ;+o'Qm k|of; x'g'k5{ .Ú

csf]{ ;d:of PrcfOeL÷P8\; tyf Ifo/f]uLsf]cGt/f{li6«o cfjfudg klg xf] . of] ;d:ofljz]iftM g]kfn / ef/th:tf v'nf l;dfgf ePsfd'n'sdf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fs{ l6aL tyfPrcfOeL s]Gb|sf lgb]{zs 8f= sfzLsfGt emfsfcg';f/ cGt/b]zLo l6aL tyf PrcfOeL÷P8\;sf]cfjfudgsf ;DaGwdf klg ;fs{ If]qs} nfluIf]qLo /0fgLlt ;d]t tof/ eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf]sfof{Gjogsf nflu klg ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] g}ljz]if kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ä

Pdl8cf/ /PS;l8cf/l6aL

Ifo/f]usf] k"/f pkrf/ cjlw cf7dlxgfsf] x'G5 . pkrf/sdf klxnf]r/0fdf kfFr lsl;dsf cf}ifwLlbOG5 . oL cf}ifwL :jf:YosdL{ jftflndk|fKt JolQmsf] k|ToIf lgu/fgL-86\; ljlw_df sDtLdf klg @ dlxgf;]jg ug{'k5{ . k|yd r/0fsfcf}ifwLx¿dWo] l/kmflDkl;g /cfO;f]lgoflh8 eGg] cf}ifwLx¿sf]k|lt/f]w b]lvPdf To:tf lj/fdLx¿nfO{bf];|f] r/0fsf] cf}ifwL pkrf/ ug'{kg]{x'G5 . of] cj:yfnfO{ ax'cf}ifwLk|lt/f]w Ifo/f]u jf Pdl8cf/elgG5 . pQm bf];|f] r/0fsf]pkrf/sf] ;dfofjlw @$ dlxgfsf]x'G5 / oL cf}ifwL lgs} dxFuf x'G5g\ .

ljut Ps jif{b]lv g} /fli6«o Ifo/f]usfo{qmdcGtu{t 86\; Kn; kfOn6k|f]h]S6dfkm{t d'n'ssf kfFr} ljsf;If]qdf Ps–Ps s]Gb| tf]lsP/ lgMz'Nspkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .

Ifo/f]u ljz]if1 8f= dx]z vgfnsfcg';f/ 86\; Kn;cGtu{t @ ;o ^)Pdl8cf/ Ifo/f]uLsf] cf}ifwf]krf/eO/x]sf] 5 . …nfdf] ;do;Ddpkrf/ u/fpg' k5{ . Tof] pkrf/ klgkfFr ljsf; If]qsf Ps–Ps s]Gb|dfdfq pknAw ePsfn] lj/fdLx¿nfO{lgs} ;d:of k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .cf}ifwL / pkrf/ lgMz'Ns pknAw ePklg k|foM lj/fdL ul/a ePsfn]pkrf/ s]Gb|;Dd cfpg g} ;d:ofx'G5, cfP a:g ;d:of x'G5 / a;]kl/jf/ kfNg] ;d:of x'G5Ú, 8f=vgfn eG5g\ .

s]xL clk|msL d'n'sx¿df bf];|f]r/0fsf] cf}ifwLn] klg c;/ gug]{vfnsf] Ifo/f]u b]lvPsf] 5 . To;nfO{lrlsT;sx¿n] PS;l8cf/ eg]sf5g\ . of] cj:yfnfO{ cToGt vt/gfsdfGb} ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] ;dod}o;sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg hf]8 lbPsf]5 . lsgls PS;l8cf/ l6aLsf]pkrf/ clxn];Dd pknAw 5}g . …t/g]kfndf clxn];Dd PS;l8cf/ kQfnufpg] ljlw pknAw eO;s]sf] 5}gÚ,lgb]{zs 8f= k'ikf dNn elG5g\ .

8f= /fh]Gb| kGt

8f= k'ikf dNn

Unf]an kmG8ljsf;f ] Gd 'v d 'n 'sx¿df

PrcfOeL÷P8\;, Ifo/f]u / dn]l/ofsf]pkrf/ / /f]syfdsf nflu Unf]an kmG8n];xof]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] klgUnf]an kmG8sf] ;xof]uaf6 sfo{qmd;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] Unf]ankmG8sf] 5}6f+} /fpG8df eg] g]kfnsf] k|:tfjc:jLs [t ePsf ] lyof ] . clxn ]PrcfOeL÷P8\; / Ifo/f]usf nflu ;+o'Qm/0fgLlt agfP/ lhNnf:t/;Dd ;xsfo{u/fpgsf nflu cfly{s ;|f]tsf] s'/f u¥of]eg] ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx¿ Unf]an kmG8nfO{g} nlIft u5{g\ . o;kflnsf] ;ftf}+ /fpG8dfklg g]kfnn] k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ s'/fclwsf/Lx¿n] atfPsf 5g\, t/ Tof] k|:tfjklg c;kmn ePdf s] ug]{ eGg] /0fgLlteg] :ki6 ?kdf tof/ 5}g .

lg/h

;fksf]6f

;do á r}t *, @)^#44

uf]vf{ ;}lgs la|l6; ;/x k]G;g

…of] v';Lsf] s'/f xf]Ú, ;g\ !((& kl5 cjsfzkfpg] uf]vf{ ;}lgssf] k]G;g cfp“bf] ! clk|nb]lvla|l6; ;dsIfL;/x g} x'g] 3f]if0ff;lxt a]nfotLb"tfjf;n] ut kmfu'g @$ ut] uf]vf{ e"tk"j{;}lgs ;+3 -u];f]_nfO{ k7fPsf] kqdf n]lvPsf]lyof] . Tof] s'/f lg/k]If v';Ldfq geO{ lj:dft\sf]ljifo klg /x\of] .

v';L o; cy{df ls k"j{ uf]vf{ ;}lgssf]k]G;g la|l6; ;dsIfL;/x g} x'g] 3f]if0ff emG8}@ ;o jif{ k'/fgf] lje]bsf] cGTo lyof] . ;fd|fHok}mnfp“b} ef/t;Dd cfOk'u]sf la|l6;x¿;“u ;g\!*!$–!^ df ePsf] clGtd o'4 g;lsFb} a]nfotL;]gfdf uf]vf{etL{sf] ;'?jft eO;s]sf] lyof] .t/, Pp6f l;+uf] ztfAbL ;lsP/ csf]{ laTgnfUbf klg uf]vf{ ;}lgsn] la|l6; ;dsIfL;/xtna, k]G;g tyf cGo ;'ljwf kfpg ;s]sflyPgg\ . slt;Dd eg] a]nfotL df6f]sf nfluo'4aGbL x'g] uf]vf{ ;}lgsnfO{ k]G;gljgf klgkmsf{OPsf] lyof] .

of] 3f]if0ff 5fnfsf] /ªnfO{ lnP/ ul/Fb} cfPsf]lje]bsf] cGTo eP klg Tof] cToGt} ;Lldtuf]vf{ ;}lgssf nflu dfq} lyof] . ;g\ !((&sf] ! h'nfO{df a]nfot ;/sf/n] cf}krfl/s?kdf rLgnfO{ xªsª ;'lDkFbf Toxf“ /x“b} cfPsf]…la|u]8 ckm uf]vf{Úsf] d'Vofno cfÏg} b]zdf;f/]sf] lyof] . To;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;g\ !((&otf cjsfz kfpg] uf]vf{nfO{ dfq} la|l6;;dsIfL;/x k]G;gsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .of] 3f]if0ffcg';f/ $) xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sfk"j{ uf]vf{ ;}lgsdWo] sl/a ̂ ;on] dfq} la|l6;;dsIfL;/x k]G;g kfpg] u];f]n] hgfPsf] 5 .

^ ;o uf]vf{ ;}lgsn] dfq} la|l6; ;dsIfL;/xk]G;g kfpg' u];f]sf nflu hlt cfnf]Ro ag]sf]5, tL yf]/} …efUozfnLÚ / ltgsf kl/jf/a]nfotd} /xg' emg\ lj:dft\sf] ljifo aGgk'u]sf] 5 . ;g\ !((& otf cjsfz kfPsfsl/a ^ ;o uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿ ce}m zf/Ll/s¿kn] sfd ug{;Sg] cj:yfdf 5g\ / ltgnfO{cfjf;Lo le;f / la|l6; gful/stf lbP/o;cl3 g} a]nfot k'¥ofO;lsPsf] 5 . ;g\!((* df la|l6; ;]gfaf6 cjsfz kfKt hos]?ªsf] egfOdf cfp“bf] ! clk|nb]lv la|l6;;dsIfL;/x k]G;g kfpg] uf]vf{x¿ cf}+nfdfuGg ;lsg] ;+Vofdf dfq} g]kfndf 5g\ .

…w/fg, kf]v/f / sf7df8f}+ u/]/ k'u–gk'ub;hgf xf]nfg\Ú, lnDa'jfg :jfoQ ;/f]sf/d~rsf sfo{jfxs cWoIf /x]sf s]?ª eG5g\,…c¿ ;a} a]nfotd} 5g\ .Ú la|l6; ;dsIfL;/xg} k]G;g kfpg] k|foM ;a} uf]vf{ ;}lgs / ltgsfkl/jf/ a]nfotlt/} /x]sfn] ;dfg k]G;gsf]3f]if0ffn] g]kfndf lelqg] …/]ld6\ofG;Údf !k|ltzt j[l4 klg d'l:sn /x]sf] s]?ª atfp“5g\ .

k6s–k6ssf] j[l4kl5 dfl;s sl/a !! xhf/?k}of“ kfp“b} cfPsf uf]vf{ l;kfxLs} k]G;g cfp“bf]dlxgfb]lv ^) xhf/eGbf a9L x'g]5 . ;g\!((& otf cjsfzk|fKt ;a}sf] k]G;g l;kfxLs}hlt dfGg] xf] eg] klg ca ^ ;o uf]vf{

xÈ{ klglj:dft\ klgä cf]dcf:yf /fO{÷w/fg -t:jL/ klg_

;g\ !((& otf cjsfz kfpg] uf]vf{nfO{ dfq} la|l6;;dsIfL;/x k]G;gsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . o;cg';f/ $)xhf/ xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf k"j{ uf]vf{ ;}lgsdWo] sl/a ^ ;on]dfq} la|l6; ;dsIfL;/x k]G;g kfpg] u];f]n] hgfPsf] 5 .

xfdLnfO{ rflx+ v};Ddfg M ;g\ !((&cl3 cjsfz kfPsfPs la|l6; uf]vf{;}lgscjsfzk|fKt la|l6;uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿

;do á r}t *, @)^# 45

dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sfndf a]kQf kfl/Psf ;'/IffsdL{sfkTgLx¿ oltv]/ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf 5g\

;}lgssf nflu a]nfotn] k|To]s dlxgf sl/a$ s/f]8 ?k}of“ vlr{g' kg]{5 . SofK6]g, d]h/;a}sf] bhf{cg';f/sf] k]G;g lx;fa ug]{ xf] eg]of] /sd $ u'0ff a9L x'g;S5 . a]nfotsfnflu …s]xL geP klgÚ dlxgfsf] !^ s/f]8g]kfn lelqg'sf] cy{ oxf“ nufgL a9\g', /f]huf/Lcj;/ l;h{gf x'g' / d'n'ss} cy{tGqdf pNn]Vo6]jf k'Ug' xf] .

t/, a]nfot ;/sf/n] rnfvLk"0f{ tl/sfn]…kfpG8Údf k]G;g yfKg] uf]vf{ ;}lgs / ltgsfkl/jf/nfO{ cfÏg} b]zdf k'¥ofO;s]sfn]/]ld6\ofG;sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;dfg k]G;gsf]3f]if0ff lj:dft\k"0f{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . …uf]vf{ klgla|l6;s} x}l;otsf x'g\ eGg] h'g glh/ :yfkgfeof], Tof] xif{sf] s'/f xf]Ú, jfl0fHozf:qL /fh]Gb|zdf{ eG5g\, …t/, ca a9\g] k]G;g g]kfnglelqg] eof], Tof] lj:dft\sf] ljifo xf] .Ú

;8s ;+3if{ / sfg'gL n8fO“df xfl;n x'“b}uPsf] Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntfaf6 xf}l;Psf k"j{uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿ Tolt a]nf rflx“ rlst k/], haa]nfot ;/sf/n] ltgnfO{ a]nfotL gful/stfg} lbg] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . a]nfot @)^!, c;f]h !$ut]cl3 uf]vf{ ;}lgsnfO{ cfjf;Lo le;f lbg]3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . To; a]nf klg a]nfotn]xªsª 5f8]sf] ldltnfO{ g} cfwf/ agfP/ cfjf;Lole;f kfpg] / gkfpg] u/L b'O{ ju{df uf]vf{

;}lgsnfO{ ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . kl5 To;nfO{km/flsnf] kfb}{ ;a} uf]vf{ ;}lgsnfO{ cfjf;Lole;f / a]nfotd} /x]/ kf“r jif{ ;]jf ug]{nfO{la|l6; gful/stf lbg] csf]{ 3f]if0ff ul/of] .

le;f dfUbf gful/stf g} lbP/ ;f/f uf]vf{;}lgsnfO{ pb]sdf kfg]{ a]nfotsf] dg;'jf clxn]cfP/ aNn k|:6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;Lldt uf]vf{;}lgsnfO{ ;dfg k]G;g lbP/ cfk"mnfO{ lje]blj/f]wLsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ / ltgn] kfpg]k};f g]kfn k'Ugaf6 /f]Sg] a]nfotsf] rfn /x]sf]

uf]vf{ e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3 -u];f]_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ouh]Gb| O:jf] atfp“5g\ . …h;n] a]nfotsf nfluljZjo'4 n8], pgLx¿sf kl/jf/nfO{ clxn]xftd'v hf]g]{ ;d:of 5, c¿ y'k|} o'4 nl8lbg]uf]vf{ ;}lgs klg la|l6;sf] eGbf cToGt} yf]/}k]G;gdfq} kfp“5g\Ú, O:jf] eG5g\, …;g\ !((&kl5 cjsfz kfpg]n] t O/fsdf afx]s c¿sxf“ s'g o'4 n8] < t/, ltg}nfO{ rflx“ la|l6;;/x;'ljwf lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]/ a]nfotn] k]ml/ csf]{lje]b u/]sf] 5 .Ú ä

v]ns'b /fli6«o km'6an lnu

;do á r}t *, @)^#46

ä gjLg cof{n÷sf7df8f}+

s'n ! ;o *@ v]n . rf/ ;o *& uf]n . @ ;o%( kx]“nf] sf8{ / !$ /ftf] sf8{ . bz/y /+uzfnfsf]Pp6} d}bfgdf …xf]d PG8 cj]Ú v]n k:sg plqPsf!$ j6f …PÚ l8lehg Snax¿n] rf/ dlxgf nfdf]lnuaf6 ut ;ftf lj>fd lnP .

of] jif{sf] ;lxb :df/s PGkmf ;fgldu]n lnukm'6an k|ltof]lutfsf] pkflw lht]/ dx]Gb| k'ln;Snan] gof“ Oltxf; /Rof] . b]zleq ePsf y'k|}gscfp6 km'6an k|ltof]lutfsf] pkflwlhlt;s]sf] k'ln; ljut tLg jif{b]lv g]kfnLkm'6ansf] ;a}eGbf k|ltli7t / dxFuf] k|ltof]lutflhTg] cleofgdf lyof] . t/, of] Snasf] dgf]sf+Iffut laxLjf/ -kmfu'g @$ ut]_ lqk'/]Zj/l:ytbz/y /+uzfnfdf ;]gfsf] lqe'jg cfdL{ SnanfO{@–) uf]nn] k/flht u/]/ k"/f eof] . cfdL{nfO{lhTg} kg]{ v]ndf k'ln;sf cg'ejL :6«fOs/ /d]za'9fyf]sL / o'jf h'dfg' /fO{n] uf]n ub}{ %) jif{eGbfnfdf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] g]kfnL km'6ansf] uf}/jzfnL/fli6«o lnusf] pkflw k'ln; Snan] lhTof] .

…d of] If0fsf] aofg ug{ ;lSbgFÚ, dx]Gb| k'ln;Snaaf6 ljut !) jif{b]lv km'6an v]Nb} cfO/x]sfg]kfnL /fli6«o 6f]nLsf sKtfg xl/ v8\sfn];donfO{ k|ltlqmof lbP . @)%@ ;fndf Pgcf/6LSnan] lnu lhTbf Snasf v]nf8L /x]sf xl/

ut jif{b]lv k'ln; Snasf] sKtfgdf lgo'QmePsf lyP .

dx]Gb| k'ln; Snan] @^ v]ndf ̂ % c+s a6'Nb}@)^# ;fnsf] lnu pkflw lhTof] . of] Snan]@) v]ndf ljho, ! v]ndf k/fho / % v]nnfO{a/fa/Ldf /fv]sf] lyof] . lnusf] ;'?jftdf !*v]n ck/flht /xg] Oltxf; agfPsf] lqe'jgcfdL{ Snan] @^ v]ndf ^# c+s dfq a6'Nof] /lnusf] pkljh]tf /x\of] . of] 6f]nLn] @) v]ndflht, # df k/fho / # v]n a/fa/Ldf /fv]sf]lyof] .

…dxŒjk"0f{ v]ndf x'g] cTolws bafa em]Ngg;Sg' xfd|f] sdhf]/L b]lvof]Ú, kmfOgndf k'ln;SnanfO{ a/fa/Ldf /f]s]dfq pkflw lhTg]cleofgdf /x]sf] cfdL{ Snasf Joj:yfks s0f]{nljgf]b lji6n] ;do;Fu eg] . @)^! ;fndf lnulht]/ PsfPs rrf{df cfPsf] y|L:6f/ Snan]t];|f] :yfgdf lrQm a'emfpg' k¥of] . of] Snan]@^ v]ndf %& c+s a6'Nof] . ut jif{sf] ljh]tfdgfª d:of{ª\bL Snasf nflu o; jif{sf] lnu

;a}eGbf b'Mvb aGof] . dgfª klxnf] :yfgaf6Ps}kN6 rf}yf] :yfgdf em¥of] . of] Snan] @^v]ndf s'n %% c+s dfq a6'Nof] . ;z:qsf]1fg]Gb| PlkPkm ljutem}+ o; jif{ klg kfFrf}+ :yfgd}/x\of] . dlR5Gb| Snan] ljutsf] t'ngfdf pTs[i6k|bz{g ub}{ 5}6f}+ :yfg kSsf u¥of] . k|m]G8\;,Pgcf/6L, ;+s6f, cf/l;6L, hfjnfv]n / AjfOho'lgog Sna qmdzM ;ftf}+, cf7f}+, gjf}+, b;f}+,P3f/f}+ / afx|f}+ :yfgdf /x] .

ut jif{ …PÚ l8lehg lnudf plSnPsf];/:jtL Sna / la|u]8 AjfOh Sna eg]/]lnu];gdf k/] . oL b'O{ Sna lnu c+stflnsfsf] k'5f/df /x] . lnusf] ;a}eGbfk'5f/df /x]sf] la|u]8n] @^ v]ndf !) c+sdfq h'6fpg ;kmn eof] . of] Snan] s'n @v]n dfq lhTof], @) df k/fho / $ v]nnfO{a/fa/Ldf /fVof] . ;/:jtL Snan] @^ v]ndf!$ c+s a6'Nof] . of] Snan] # v]ndf ljho,!& df k/fho / % v]nnfO{ a/fa/Ldf /fv]sf]lyof] . of] jif{ ?ks :d[lt k'/:sf/af6 ;DdflgtePsf xl/ v8\sfn] pTs[i6 k'/:sf/sf] ?kdfsl/a @^ nfv kg]{ ofl/; sf/ k|fKt u/] . kf“rpTs[i6 v]nf8L / dx]Gb| k'ln; Snasf k|lzIfslj/f6s[i0f >]i7n] pTs[i6 k|lzIfssf] ?kdf…ofdfxf hL kmfOeÚ df]6/afOs k|fKt u/] .lqe'jg cfdL{sf :6«fOs/ ljs0f{ >]i7 pTs[i6km/jf8{ eP . pgn] lnudf @& uf]n u/] . #!uf]n u/]sf dgfª d:of{ª\bLsf clgn u'?ª;jf{lws uf]nstf{ 3f]lift eP . cfdL{sf /fh'tfdfª pTs[i6 ld8lkmN8/ / y|L:6f/ Snasfc~hg s];L pTs[i6 l8km]G8/ tyf Pgcf/6Lsf;'/]Gb| >]i7 pTs[i6 uf]n/Ifsaf6 ;Ddflgt eP .RoflDkog 6f]nLsf] ?kdf dx]Gb| k'ln; Snan]@) nfv gub, pkljh]tfsf] ?kdf lqe'jgcfdL{ Snan] !) nfv k'/:sf/ kfP klg cfºgf]kfl/>lds sd ePsf] u'gf;f] ub}{ lnu;~rfng u/]sf /]k|mLx¿n] k'/:sf/ yfKgc:jLsf/ u/] . ä

k'ln;sf]Oltxf;

ljh]tf dx]Gb| k'ln; Sna 6f]nL

k'/:sf/df sf/ kfPkl5 v';L x'Fb} dx]Gb|k'ln; Snasf sKtfg xl/ v8\sf

t:jL/x

¿ M

ef:j/

cf]e

mf

;do á r}t *, @)^# 47

v]ns'b ljZjsk lqms]6

u]/lkmN8 ;f]a{;, ljb]zdf dfq xf]Og, g]kfndfklg lrlgPsf] gfd xf] . lqms]6sf] ljifodfpgL;Fu k|z:t 1fg 5 . pgL …lnlnk'6Úlqms]6b]lv cfw'lgs lqms]6;Ddsf] 1ftfdflgG5g\ . t/ ufx|f], pgL ckl/lrt;Fu Toltv'n]/ s'/f ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . kqsf/x¿sf nflupgL;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng' eg]sf] sl7g ljifosf]k/LIff kf; u/];/x x'g] u5{ .

s'/f !) jif{cufl8sf] xf] . Ps ljb]zLkqsf/n] w]/} d]xgtkl5 pgL;Fu cGtjf{tf{lng] ;do lgsfn] . t/, cGtjf{tf{ ;'? klgePsf] lyPg, ;f]a{;sf] Pp6f dfun] cGtjf{tf{/f]lsof] . To;sf] d'Vo sf/0f lyof], ;f]a{;sf]dxFuf] dfu . pgn] cfºgf] nflu Pp6f d'eLSofd]/f lsGg cGtjf{tf{ lng cfPsf tLkqsf/;Fu k};fsf] dfu /fv]sf lyP .

of] 36gfn] ;f]a{;sf] lghL hLjgsf] s6'oyfy{tfsf] /x:of]b\3f6g dfq ePg, Sof/]laoglqms]6sf] bogLo cj:yf klxnf]kN6 ;fj{hlgseof] . kl5Nnf] b; jif {sf ] cGt/fndfkfl/>ldssf ] ljifonfO { lnP/ ljb ]ze|d0fnufot cfºg} b]zsf dxŒjk"0f{ k|ltof]lutfgv]Ng] clk|o lg0f{o lng] v]nf8Lx¿ y'k|} 5g\,xfnsf] j]i6 OlG8h 6f]nLdf . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klgkf“rj6f Sof/]laog 6fk' ldn]/ ag]sf] j]i6 OlG8hclxn] gjf}+ ljZjsk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/fpg cTolws wg vr{ul//x]sf] 5 . ;Q/Lsf] bzsb]lv c;Lsf]bzs;Dd ljZj lqms]6df j]i6 OlG8h lqms]6sf]h'g wfs / /jfkm lyof], To;nfO{ k'gM k|fKt ug{ljzfn /flz vr{ ug{ tof/ ePsf] xf] . j]i6OlG8hn] ;g\ !(&% b]lv ;'? ePsf] ljZjsklqms]6sf] b'O{j6f k|ltof]lutf nuftf/ lhTb}cfkm"nfO{ ck/fh]o ;fljt u/]sf] lyof] . kl5Nnf]

;do j]i6 OlG8hsf] of] pkflw c:6«]lnofn]vf];]sf] 5 .

j]i6 OlG8h lqms]6 ljsf;sf nflu aLrsfs]xL jif{ sfd gePsf xf]Ogg\ . uf]i7L, ;]ldgf// ljleGg 6«]lgª SofDks} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] b;jif{b]lv y'k|} sfd ePsf 5g\, Sof/]laog6fk'x¿df . o;aLrdf lxnf/L a]sn];h:tflqms]6 n]vsx¿n] y'k|} n]v tof/ kf/]/ ;'emfjklg lbPsf lyP, Sof/]laog lqms]6 af]8{nfO{ .t/, clxn] klg j]i6 OlG8h lqms]6sf] xfntHo"“sf To"“ 5 . ljutdf lqms]6nfO{ …uf“hfsf]gzfÚ dfGg] Sof/]laogx¿ clxn] km'6an /af:s]6anaf6 cfºgf] eljio vf]Hb} 5g\ .o;kfln Sof/]laog åLkdf krf; lbg nfdf]ljZjsk lqms]6sf] d]nf nfUbf ljZjskdf;xefuL ePsf cGo !% /fi6«;Fu} j]i6 OlG8hn]klg ;d'Ggt lqms]6sf] eljiodf cfºgf] efUovf]Hg]5 .

;/ u]/lkmN8 ;f]a{;, SnfOe nfo8 / ljljogl/r8{h:tf x:tLx¿n] cfºgf] 5fk ljZjlqms]6df 5f]l8;s]sf] ;Gbe{df clxn]sf] j]i6OlG8h 6f]nL k'/fg} RoflDkog z}nLdf ljZjskdfplqg] k|:6 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ clxn] ljZjlqms]6sf dxfg Aof6\;Dofg a|fog nf/fn] g]t[Tjul//x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' d}bfg / ¥ofuL bz{saLr;w}+ lj:kmf]6s z}nLdf pqg] j]i6 OlG8h;FuHof]km ufg{/ / dfNsd df;{nh:tf vt/gfsan/x¿ eg] x'g]5}gg\ .

klxnf]kN6 Sof/]laog e"lddf x'g nfu]sf] of]ljZjsk s;n] lhTnf of] cfpg] lbgn] g} lgwf{/0fug]{5 . Pp6f s'/f eg] lglZrt 5, Tof] s] eg]of] ljZjsksf] ;kmn cfof]hgfn] Sof/]laog 6fk'dflqms]6sf] ultljlw a9\g] kSsf 5 .


dlxnf lqms]6tLg jif{b]lv ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] dlxnflqms]6 k|ltof]lutfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb}af‘s] lqms]6 ;+3n] of] jif{ klg af‘s]dfpRr dfWolds tyf dfWoldsljBfno:t/Lo 5fqf lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf;'? u/]sf] 5 .

u|fdL0f e]ssf ljBfnox¿df ;d]tlqms]6 k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug{ ;kmnePsf] eGb} Pl;;Laf6 ;d]t xf};nfcjf8{ kfPsf] af‘s] lqms]6 ;+3n] 5fqflqms]6 k|ltof]lutf ;~rfngsf] nfluljutsf jif{x¿df s]xL u}/;/sf/L;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]udf k|ltof]lutf;~rfng u/]sf] eP klg o;kfln eg]cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 lhNnf:t/Lo 5fqflqms]6 k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng eO/x]sf]hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .

…dlxnfx¿nfO{ lqms]6 v]ndf;xefuL u/fpg u/]sf] k|oTgnfO{ xf};nfk|bfg ub}{ lqms]6 ;+3n] k|bfg u/]sf]#) xhf/ ?k}ofF / s]xL cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5f}+Ú,lqms]6 ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o PnaLIf]qLn] eg] . Ps ;ftf;Dd ;~rfngx'g] k|ltof]lutfdf af‘s] lhNnfsf !%dfWolds tyf pRr dfWoldsljBfnosf 5fqfx¿ ;xefuL 5g\ .

bafasf] nflu x:tfIf/o;}aLr 5fqf lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf

;~rfng eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df lqms]6;+3n] klxnf]k6s g]kfnuGhaf6>Ln+sfdf eO/x]sf] åGånfO{ Go"gLs/0fug{ bafa lbg] p2]Zon] x:tfIf/;+sng u/]sf] 5 . oxfFsf v]nf8L,v]nk|]dL / ;j{;fwf/0fn] n]b/ andfx:tfIf/ u/]/ åGå cGTosf] nflubafa:j¿k >Ln+sf ;/sf/ / ljb|f]xLtfldn 6fOu;{nfO{ 5'§f5'§} Pdg]:6LOG6/g];gndfkm{t x:tfIf/ ul/Psfn]b/ anx¿ a'emfOg] atfOPsf] 5 .


j]i6 OlG8hsf] eljio

ljZjsk lqms]6 pb\3f6gdf g[Toub}{ snfsf/x¿

v]ns'b g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6L lgjf{rg

;do á r}t *, @)^#48

cbfntsf] cj1f


cjsfzkl5 ljb]z 3'Dg] ynf]sf] ¿kdf ljutdfcTolws k|of]u x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] g]kfnL v]ns'bsf]lhDd]jf/k"0f{ lgsfo g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6L-Pgcf];L_sf] lgjf{rg ut d+unjf/ -kmfu'g @(ut]_ ;DkGg eof] .

sf]7]r'gfjsf sf/0f ;w}+ ljjfbdf d'l5g]Pgcf];Ln] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, nlntk'/n] Pslbgcl3 lgjf{rg /f]Sg lbPsf] cfb]zsf] cj1fub}{ xf]6n x\oft l/h]G;Ldf ljb]zL k|ltlglwcGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks sld6L -cfOcf];L_sfldr]n lkmnfp / cf]nlDks sfplG;n ckmPl;of -cf]l;P_sf x}b/ km/dfgsf aLrlgjf{rg ;DkGg u¥of] . cufdL rf/ jif{sfnflu Pgcf];Lsf] gof“ g]t[Tj rog ug]{ p2]Zon]x\oft l/h]G;Ldf ePsf] ;fwf/0f;efdf s]xLlbgcl3 dfq ;+zf]wg ePsf] Pgcf];Lsf]ljwfgsf] ;d]t pNn+3g ug]{ sfd ul/of] .

Pgcf];Lsf] ;+zf]lwt ljwfgdf lgjf{rgk"j{ $@lbgcufl8 ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ lgod /x]klg o;sf] kfngf ul/Pg . o;}u/L sld6LdfPs dlxnfnfO{ k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ lgod klg pNn+3g ul/of] . ;fj{hlgs kbcf]u6]/ a;]sf JolQmx¿ lgjf{rgdf ;dfj]zx'g gkfpg] k|fjwfg /x] klg gjlgo'Qm Pgcf];Lsld6Ldf #–$ hgf o:tf JolQm ;dfj]z eP .pgLx¿ kbsf] nfe p7fpFb} Pgcf];Ldf ;'vbcjt/0f ug{ ;d]t ;kmn eP . ljwfgdf rf/hgf

pkfWoIf dfq /xg] k|fjwfg ldr]/ dgf]gLtsf]?kdf yk PshgfnfO{ pkfWoIfdf lgo'Qm ul/of] .;xdltsf] /fhgLltcGtu{t sfo{;ldltnfO{ !!af6 a9fP/ !% ;b:oLo agfOP klgljwfgljk/Lt o;nfO{ yk !& df k'¥ofOof] .lhNnfb]lv g} ;+3sf] lgjf{rg gePsf] l:yltdfPgcf];Lsf] lgjf{rg u}/sfg'gL x'g] / o:tf]lgjf{rgdf efu lng] kbflwsf/LnfO{ sfnf]df];f]bNg] wDsL lbFb} cfO/x]sf] g]kfn u0ftflGqsv]ns'b ;+u7gn] s'g} ;+3af6 k|ltlglwTj g} gu/LwDsLsf] /fhgLlt ub}{ b'O{ kb -pkfWoIf / ;b:o_xTofpg ;kmn eof] . cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDkssld6Ln] jfOkL nf]xgL cWoIf /x]sf] 6]an6]lg;nfO{ dfGotf lbP klg lgjf{rgsf a]nfrt'/fgGb j}w dtbftfsf] ¿kdf b]vfk/] . o;cl36]an 6]lg;af6 Pgcf];Ldf k|ltlglwTj u/]sfdxf;lrj sdn lrqsf/nfO{ lgjf{rg x'Fb} 5eg]/ cflwsfl/s lr7L;d]t k7fOPg . pgLlgjf{rgsf] lbg dtbfg x'Fb} 5 eGg] yfxf kfP/x\oft xf]6n kl/;/df k'u] klg kl5 rt'/fgGbsf]sld6LnfO{ lgjf{rgsf] clwsf/ lbPsf] yfxfkfPkl5 ;fwf/0f;efdf pkl:yt geO{ aflxl/PsflyP .

olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ljb]zL k|ltlglwx¿n]gjlgjf{lrt g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6LnfO{ dfGotflbg] :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] 3'dfp/f] kf/fn]clxn]sf] lgjf{lrt sld6Lsf] lj/f]wdf nfUg]lj?4cfkm"x¿ n8\g] atfPsf 5g\ . …xfdL :jtGqlgsfo xf}+ . cf]nlDkssf] 5'§} d'ed]G6 5Ú, cfOcf];L

g]kfn u0ftflGqs v]ns'b ;+u7gn] s'g} ;+3af6k|ltlglwTj g} gu/L wDsLsf] /fhgLlt ub}{ b'O{ kb-pkfWoIf / ;b:o_ xTofpg ;kmn eof]

hLjg/fd >]i7 pk]Gb|s]z/L Gof}kfg]

w|'aaxfb'/ k|wfg

lg/h

;fksf]6f

t:jL/x

¿ M ;

do

;do á r}t *, @)^# 49

k|ltlglw ldr]n lkmnfpn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf:ki6 kf/] .

Pgcf ];L cWoIf ?SdzDz]/ /f0ffn ]lgjf{rgeGbf tLg lbgcl3 cfkm" cWoIf kbdfgn8 \g ] ;fj {h lgs 3f ] i f 0 f f u/ ]k l5;fwf/0f;efn] /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf;xdxfdGqL;d]t /x]sf Pgcf];L dxf;lrjw|'jaxfb'/ k|wfgnfO{ ;j{;Ddltn] cWoIf kbdfrog u¥of] . o;cl3 /f0ffnfO{ x/fpg k|wfg/ /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ -/fv]k_sf ;b:o–;lrj hLjg/fd >]i7aLr u7aGwg ag]sf]lyof] . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ b'O{ dlxgfkl5 x'g]cf]l;Psf] sld;gsf] lgjf{rgdf cfkm"nfO{k7fpg] ;xdlt u/fpFb} /f0ffn] k|wfgsf nflucWoIf kb 5f8]sf x'g\ . …cf]l;Pdf n8\gPgcf];Lsf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o g} x'g'k5{ eGg]afWotf 5}g . Pgcf];Ln] cfºgf] k|ltlglwsf]¿kdf h;nfO{ klg k7fpg ;S5Ú, /f0ff xfnPgcf];Lsf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o;d]t g/x]sf]l:yltdf of] s;/L ;Dej 5 eGg] k|Zgdf;|f]tn] eGof] . /f0ffn] Pgcf];L lgjf{rgdfgp7\g] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 k|wfgsf] k"/} Kofgnlgjf{rg lhTg ;kmn eof] . /f0ffsf ;xof]uLsf?kdf lrlgg] clwjQmf pk]Gb|s]z/L Gof}kfg] /k'?iff]Qdk|;fb >]i7 eg] r'gfjcl3sf] uf]Ko;xdltkl5 k|wfgsf] SofDkdf c6fPsf lyP .

rf/ jif{sf nflu Pgcf];Lsf] dxf;lrjdf /fv]k

;b:o–;lrj hLjg/fd >]i7 lgjf{lrt eP .h'8f]af6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf hLjg/fdn] cfkm"lj?4p7]sf /fv]ksf k"j{ ;b:o–;lrj lszf]/axfb'/l;+xnfO{ !*–% n] x/fP . sf]iffWoIfdf6«foyf]ngaf6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf clwjQmfpk]Gb|s]z/L Gof}kfg] lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt eP .pkfWoIfx¿df k"j{ PcfOhL g]kfn alS;ª ;+3sfcWoIf /lj/fh yfkf, /fv]ksf pkfWoIf ;Ltf/fddf:s], /fv]ksf ;b:o tyf elnansf cWoIfu+ufaxfb'/ yfkf du/, g]skf Pdfn]sf] :yfoL;ldlt ;b:o ;xfgf k|wfgsf 5f]/f xsL cWoIfpd]znfn k|wfg lgjf{lrt eP . of] kbdf p7]sfcsf{ pkfWoIf 6]lg;sf l;4]Zj/s'df/ l;+x eg]k/flht eP . ;x;lrjdf g]kfn t]SjfGbf] ;+3sfdxf;lrj bLk/fh u'?ª PSnf] k|lt:kwL{sf] ¿kdflgjf{lrt eP . o;cl3 of] kbdf g]kfn PYn]l6S;;+3sf /lj /fhsl0f{sf/nfO{ p7fpg] tof/L ePsf]lyof] . ;fthgf ;b:ox¿df sa•Lsf cWoIf;'lgn /fhsl0f{sf/, ;fOlSnªsf cWoIf l5ldpu]{g u'?ª, PYn]l6S; ;+3sf dxf;lrj /lj/fhsl0f{sf/, /fv]ksf ;b:o l;t]l/of] s/f“t]sfk|lzIfs k'/]Gb|ljqmd nfv], Sofgf]Oªsf cWoIf/fh]Gb| jfGtjf, PGkmfsf wL/]Gb| k|wfg, Pgcf];Lsfk"j{ sf]iffWoIf k'?iff]Qdk|;fb >]i7 lgjf{lrt eP .k'?iff]Qdn] cfr{/Laf6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf lyP .;Ltf/fd df:s]n] eg] ef/f]Qf]ngaf6 k|ltlglwTju/] . u0ftflGqsaf6 ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj k|eftls/0f

;'j]bL -lzj_ kf“rf}+ pkfWoIf / x's'd/fh lu/L cf7f}+;b:osf] ?kdf dgf]gLt eP .

g]kfn ;'l6ª ;+3sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwgnfO{lnP/ kmfu'g @& ut] lszf]/axfb'/ sfsL{n]Pgcf];L / k'ikbf; >]i7nfO{ ljkIfL agfpFb}k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, nlntk'/df d'2f bfo/ u/]kl5cbfntn] To;sf] ef]lnkN6} Pgcf];Lsf] lgjf{rg:ylut ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] . t/, ljjfbdfd'l5Psf ;'l6ª ;+3sf b'j} cWoIf sfsL{ / >]i7nfO{lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL gu/fO{sg cf]nlDks rf6{/df/x]sf af“sLsf @) v]n ;+3 / gg–cf]nlDks;+3sf] ?kdf lgjf{rgdf efu lng] cj;/ kfPsftLg ;+3nfO{ ;lDdlnt u/fP/ @# ;+3sfk|ltlglwx¿aLr lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fOPsf] lyof] .…Pgcf];Ln] cbfntsf] lg0f{osf] cj1f dfq u/]sf]5}g, lgjf{rgdf p7\g] d]/f] clwsf/;d]t xggu/]sf] 5Ú, sfsL{n] ;donfO{ k|ltlqmof lbP .

o;cl3 dlxnf k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf Pgcf];Lsf]k"j{ sfo{;ldltdf ;lDdlnt ePsL k'gd nfdfn]klg cf]nlDkssf] clxn]sf] lgjf{rg /f]Sg cbfntdfd'4f bfo/ u/]sL lyOg\ . pgsf] d'4fdf cbfntn]km};nf lbg af“sL 5 . gjlgjf{lrt Pgcf];L cWoIfk|wfgn] afWofTds kl/l:yltdf lgjf{rg ug'{ k/]sf]atfpFb} eg], …cbfntk|lt xfd|f] cgfb/ xf]Og,cGt/f{li6«o bafasf sf/0f ug'{ k/]sf] xf] .Úlgjf{rgkl5 Pgcf];Lsf] sfo{;ldltdf % k'/fgf /!@ gof“ cg'xf/ lelqPsf 5g\ . ä

;do á r}t *, @)^# 51

lstfa

b:tfj]h hgcfGbf]ngsf]

;To / tYok/s ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ub}{ cfdhgtfnfO{;';"lrt u/fpg' kqsf/sf] wd{ xf] . t/, kqsf/n];Dk|]if0f u/]sf] ;dfrf/sf kfgf rfF8} gi6 x'g] /lj:d[ltsf] ue{df ljnLg x'g] ePsfn] !( lbg nfdf]hgfGbf]ngsf 36gfqmdnfO{ ;lrq / l;nl;nfa4?kdf P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]hsf ?kdf ;[hgf u/LhgcfGbf]ng–@ gfds k':ts b:tfj]hsf] ?kdfkf7s;dIf NofPsf 5g\, Ps/fh lu/Ln] .

lstfa M P]gfn]vs M lji0f'axfb'/ l;+xk[i7 M &^d"No M ? !)).–k|sfzs M ;'dg l;+x

lstfa M ljVoft ljb]zL syfcg'jfbsM cf]dz+s/ >]i7k[i7 M &&d"No M ? $%.–k|sfzs M /Tg k':ts e08f/

lstfa M lrn+v] v8\sfn]vs M rGb|axfb'/ v8\sfk[i7 M !)*d"No M ? !)).–k|sfzs M lrn+v] v8\sf crn

;Gtlt ;dfh

lstfa M hfkfgdf ^ jif{n]vs M s]la dxh{gk[i7 M @@(d"No M ? @%).–k|sfzs M kl/j]z k|sfzg

g]kfnL hgtfn] u/]sf] !( lbg nfdf] ;+3if{hgcfGbf]ng–@ af6 @ ;o #* jif{b]lvsf] /fhtGq;dflKtsf] ;+3f/df k'u]sf] 5 eg] !! jif{b]lvsf]dfcf]jfbL ;z:q hgo'4sf] cGTo;Fu} To;kl5sf36gfqmd ljZjd} gd'gf ePsf] 5 .

k':tsdf hgcfGbf]ng–@ sf !( lbg] 36gfqmd,;lxbsf] kl/ro, 3fOt]x¿sf] gfdfjnL, cGo dxŒjk"0f{36gfqmd / P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf b:tfj]h k':tsdf5 . hgcfGbf]ngs} ;]/f]km]/f]df tof/ ePsf] of] k':tscfd ;d'bfosf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ / P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]heg] kSs} x'g]5 .

b]pjf ;/sf/sf] lj36gaf6 pTkGg 36gfaf6yfngL ePsf] k':tsdf zfxL ;/sf/sf bf]ifx¿sf]rrf{, ;ft bn tyf dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] u7aGwg,ljj]rgf, cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L, pb\ej tyf ljsf;sf]j0f{g 5 .

n]vs ;x/ s]lGb|t x'g', hgcfGbf]ngdf ufpF–a:tLsf] e"ldsf / ToxfFsf] dgf]lj1fgk|lt Wofg ghfg'k':tsdf v8\lsPsf] k|d'v ljifo xf] . h] eP klg;fgf] k':tsdf w]/} :yfg / 36gfnfO{ c6fpg] h'gk|of; ul/Psf] 5, Tof] ;/fxgLo 5 . t/, s[ltnfO{l5§} kf7s;dIf k'¥ofpg] xtf/f]df sof}F ljifo uf}0fx'g k'u]sf] efg x'G5 .

ä cfgGb u'?ª

k"j{;f+;b uf]ljGb 1jfnL …g]kfnsf] syf M s]xL ljz]iftf/ s]xL ;Gbe{Ú gfds s[lt lnP/ cfPsf 5g\ .o;df pgn] lxdfnosf] pTklQ / o;sf ljz]iftfaf6;'? u/]/ @)^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng– @ ;Ddsf]

syf ;d]6]/ of] k':ts tof/ kf/]sf 5g\ .k|:t't s[ltnfO{ ljleGg zLif{sdf afx| v08df

ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . lxdfnosf] pTklQ / o;sfljz]iftfdf lxdfnosf] pTklQ, 6]ly; ;fu/sf] kl/ro,kxf8L e]usf] pTklQ OToflbsf] pNn]v 5 eg] dgf]/dk|s[lt / ljljw kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL kl/R5]bdfxfjfkfgL / df};dsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . k':tssf]t];|f] / rf}yf] v08 kf}/fl0fs ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t/x]sf] 5 . kfFrf}+ v08df ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmdb;f{OPsf] 5 . uf}td a'4, c/lgsf] nufotsflje"ltx¿sf] rrf{ ;d]6\b} k':ts cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .

g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] k|;+u, afO;]–rf}aL;] /fHox¿sf]hfgsf/L gjf}+ v08df jl0f{t 5 eg] ;'uf}nL ;lGw /o;af6 pTkGg kl/0ffdx¿ b;f}+ v08df pNn]v 5 .gofF hfu/0f / k|hftflGqs ;+3if{ / k|hftGqb]lvnf]stGq;Dddf /f0ffsfnb]lv hgcfGbf]ng–@ ;Ddsf36gfqmdx¿sf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .

k':ts 36gf k|wfgeGbf klg j0f{gfTds a9L 5 .k':tsdf 36gfqmd qmda4 ¿kdf /fVg ;s]sf] ePk':ts a9L cfsif{s x'g]lyof] .

ä l8NnL cfrfo{

k|hftflGqs ;+3if{sf] ufyf

;flxTo÷syf

;do á r}t *, @)^#52

…3/d] s] af xf] <Ú :yfgLo efiffdf af]Nb} em'lG8/x]sf]kmnfd] l;qmL ahfP/ d}n] 9f]sf 9s9SofPF . …s]x' gfOF af † ;anf]u v]t] xf]/ xf]Ox]+ †Ú d]/f] nuftf/sf]vnann] leqaf6 dl;gf] gf/L :j/n] k|To'Q/lkm/fof] . 3/df sf]xL /x]g5 eg]/ kmls{g' klgs;/L < leqaf6 sf]xL af]nL g} /x]5 . x'g tcsf{sf] 3/df o;/L lrofpg' x'Fb}gYof] t/ sfd}/f]lsg] ePkl5 s] ug'{ < rf]g{nfO{ xf]Og, 3/kmf]g{nfO{ xf]Og, p2]Zo /fd|f] ePkl5 x]g{nfO{ s]sf]8/ < leQfsf] ;fgf] Kjfnaf6 o;f] lrofO{ x]/]sf]t Pp6L o'jtL u'OF7f / uf]xf]/fsf] cfuf]df km" km"ub}{ 3'D6f]n] cfwL cg'xf/ 5f]k]/ /f]6L ksfO/x]sLb]lvof] . leq a]kQfsf] w'Fjf pl8/x]5, ToxL w'Fjfaf6cfFvfnfO{ hf]ufpg pgn] 3'D6f] xfn]sf] nv sf6\gdnfO{ w]/} a]/ nfu]g .

s:tf] la8Dagf † 3/leq Pp6L l;+uf] ;hLjgf/Lsf] pkl:ylt t/ ToxL gf/Ls07n] aflx/sf]cfuGt's;Fu 3/df sf]xL 5}gg\ elg/x]sf]lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ cj:yf † d lbUe|ldt ePF . s]pgL o; 3/sL ;b:o xf]Ogg\ < pgL 3/d'nLgxf]lng\ t/ o; 3/;Fu s'g} g s'g} gftf tcjZo xf]nf . kfx'gf nfUg cfPsL eP klg3/df cfPsf] dfG5];Fu aflx/ lg:s]/ s'/f ug{lsg lxlsrfO/x]sL 5g\ < s'g} 7"n} ck/fw u/]sf]ck/fwLem}+ 3/leq} n's]/ a:g' / cfºgf] cg'xf/o;/L n'sfpg' s:tf] cgf}7f] nfUof] dnfO{ . …afx/lgs/ s/ tgL b'O{ rf/ aft altofjf g †Ú d}n]pgL;Fu aflx/ lg:s]/ b'O{ rf/j6f s'/f ug{u/]sf] cg'/f]w To;} v]/ uof] . …sfx] lrNnf tf 8'xf] † sxnL+ g 3/d]+ s]x' gfO af † aft s/]s] xf]t ;f+e]m s] h'g d] cfjf †Ú lsg lrRofO/fv]sL <elgxfn]F lg 3/df sf]xL 5}g, s'/f ug]{ eP ;fFemkvcfpm † eg]/ pgL t cfuf]df kfgL vGofpg kf]yflng\ . pgn] d]/f] l/;n] To;f] u/]sL eg] kSs}xf]Og . kmfu'gr}tsf] dlxgfdf t/fO{df xfjfx'/LrNg] / 3/x¿ klg k|foh;f] v/sf] 5fgf]n] 5fpg]rng /x]sf] x'Fbf cfuf]n] l6lkxfNg] 8/n] r'nf]dfsfd l;l4g]lalQs} ;a}n] o;f] ubf{ /x]5g\ .

…cR5f † ta t' sf}g xf]n' < kx'gL xf] n' sf <Úp;f] eP ltdL sf] xf} t < s] kfx'gf xf} < eGg]d]/f] lh1f;fdf pgn] …xd ktf]xL xf]Onf †Ú eg]/cfkm" 3/sL a'xf/L ePsf] s'/f;Dd atfOg\ .d]/f] nflu of] cf7f}+ cfZro{ eof] . 3/sL a'xf/Ln]3/leq n's]/ aflx/ plePsf] dfG5];Fu o:tf]jftf{nfk u/]sf] b[Zo d]/f] sNkgfeGbf aflx/sf]lyof] . …cR5f † Ps lunf; kfgL lkof bf † ax'tlkof; nutf †Ú d}n] ltvf{ / kfgLnfO{ lgx'F agfP/pgnfO{ 3/af6 aflx/ lglSng afWo kf/]F . d]/f]dgdf pgnfO{ dhf;Fu lgofNg] / ;Fu;Fu} b'O{rf/j6f sfdsf s'/f ug]{ pT;'stf emg a9\of] .olts}df leqaf6 uhjf/ nufOPsf] 9f]sf3¥ofSs ub}{ pl3|of] . kfgL el/Psf] nf]6f lnP/cufl8 plePsL o'jtLsf] xft / v'§f afx]ss]xL b]lvFb}g . kml/of / rf]nf]n] z/L/sf afFsLc+u t 9flsg] g} eP cg'xf/;d]t olt nfdf]3'D6f]n] 5f]lkPsf] 5 . cfkm" ;fd'Gg] plePsf] dfG5]gf/L g} xf] eGg] s'/fsf] kSsfkSsL pgsf] j:q

/ :j/n] dfq u/fpF5 . pgn] la:tf/} dlt/a9fPsf] nf]6f lnP/ snsn kfgL lkPF . ltvf{t d]l6of] t/ pgsf] af/]df hfGg] Kof; emg\emg\ a9\of] . …tlgs b]/ a}7 hfOF <Ú Ps l5ga;f}+ x} eGb} d pgsf] cg'dltcufj} glhs}78\ofO/fv]sf] vl6of cf]5\ofP/ a;]F .

…3/d]+ sf}g sf}g af < ;as] gfd atfj † xdlnv s] rn hfOa †Ú d}n] 3/sf ;b:ox¿sf]gfd ;f]Wbf pgn] atfpg ;lsgg\ jf rflxgg\,Tof] a'‰g dnfO{ cK7]/f] kl//x]sf] 5 . …;;'/s]gfFj sf x} <Ú …sf hfgL †Ú …db{ s] gfjF <Ú g tpgn] ;;'/fsf] gfd atfOg\ g t nf]Ug]sf] g} .…;f; s] gfjF hfg]n' <Ú ;f;"sf] gfpF yfxf 5eGbf ufpFdf ;a}n] pgnfO{ l3gflxg eg]sf] ;'G5'dfq elgg\ . …cR5f t' cfkg gfFj atf ;sa' <ÚdnfO{ pgn] cfºgf] gfd eGg] s'/fdf z+s} nfUof] .…l;;lxgÚ pgn] 3'D6f] emg\ nfdf] kfb}{ dl;gf]af]nL lgsflng\ . leqaf6 7"nf] cfjfh lgsfn]klg aflx/ cfPkl5 pgsf] af]nL cfk}+m ;fgf]ePsf] 5, l5d]sLn] b]v] eg] s'/f nufOb]nfg\eGg] 8/ klg dgdf xf]nf . …g}x/ sxfF x}tf]xf/ <Ú dfOtL stf xf] < of] k|Zg ;fGble{slyPg t/ lsg xf] s'lGg d'vaf6 km'lTsxfNof] .…blVvgÚ pgn] xftn] blIf0flt/ O;f/f ub}{ elgg\ .

dnfO{ xfF;f] t p7]sf] xf] t/ d xfF:g ;ls/x]sL5}g . Pp6L caf]w u|fdL0f o'jtLsf] ;/n /

lgisk6 Jojxf/dfly xfF:g' d}n] kfPsf] 1fg /r]tgfsf] pkxf; xf]Og / < d clnslt hfGg];'Gg] 5', s]xL b]Vg] a'‰g] cj;/ kfPsL 5' /b'O{rf/ cIf/ k9]sL 5' eGb}df s] dnfO{ Pp6Lcgk9 uFjf/ u|fdafnfdfly xfF:g ;'xfpF5 <cfh d}n] hlQs} pgn] klg cIf/ lrGg] df}sfkfPsL eP / pgn] kfpFb} gkfPsf] cj;/ d}n]klg lhGbuLdf slxNo} gkfPsf] eP cfhpgLh:t} d x'g] lyPF / d h:t} pgL x'g] lyOg\ .pgL To:t} 7fpFdf hGdg k'lug\ / cfh o:tf]hLjg ef]Ub} l5g\, s] of] pgsf] hGdsf] bf]if xf]/ < pgsf afa'n] pgnfO{ k9fPgg\ t o;dfpgsf] emg\ s] bf]if < pgsL cfdfn] pgnfO{lax]kl5 3'D6f] cf]9\g' / k/fO{ dfG5];Fu af]Nbfljrf/ k'¥ofpg' eg]/ cx|fOg\ t o;df pgsf]klg s] bf]if < pgsf] ;dfhn] pgnfO{ dfG5]eg]sf nf]Ug]dfG5] dfq x'g\, cfOdfO{ eg]sf dfG5]x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ eg]/ cndlng] s'/f l;sfPsf]/x]5 t o;df Tof] ;dfhsf] klg s] bf]if <otfsf] ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ g} o:tf] 5 .

rfnrng ;+:s[lt eg]sf] o:t} xf], olt l56}eg]em}+ u/L sxfF ablng ;S5 / < gf}nL a'xf/Luf}gf eP/ cfPkl5 3/leq} a:g' kg]{, v]tvlnxfglt/ sfddf hfg' gkg]{ /Lltlylt 5 oxfF .wGg pgL t lxDdtL /lx5g\, d]/f] cg'/f]wdfaflx/;Dd t lgl:sg\ . k/fO{ dfG5];Fu o;/L

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ä lbg]z clwsf/Lu'dfP/cfdfsf] sfvefOsf] xft/, lbbLsf cflzj{rgx¿;§fdfxfdLn] Pp6f /+uLg emG8f kfPsf 5f}+sG6]g/ la;f{pg]Pp6f kmf]x/ a:tL kfPsf 5f}+aGwsL k/]sf] cfºg} 6fpsf] lkmtf{ kfPsf5f}+kfpg' / u'dfpg'sf] bf];fFwdf plePsf] 5xfd|f] jt{dfgof], xfd|f] ofqfsf] ;dflKt xf]OgoxLFaf6 kf] aNn ;'? x'G5 xfd|f] d'lQmsf]ofqfev{/} t bf;tfaf6 d'lQm kfPsf 5f}+ xfdLn]xfdLnfO{ uhwDd af6f] 5]s]/ plePsfsfnf ;flnsx¿af6 d'lQm rflxPsf] 5d'lQm †d'lQm ††/, km]l/ klg d'lQm †††xfdLnfO{ hGdhftsf dflnsx¿af6 d'lQmrflxPsf] 5

clxn] xfdL;FusG6]g/ la;f{pg] b]z 5xfdLn] o;nfO{h"g h:t} 6Nsfpg' k/]sf] 5km"n h:t} /+ufpg' k/]sf] 5;a} yf]s ug{ ;lsG5– s]xL ufx|f] 5}g;lxbx¿sf] cfzLjf{b g} xfd|f] nflu dgUu] 5t/ s] o;f] eg]/ cfk}+mnfO{ hf]ufpg' kb{}g <nfdf] cFWof/f]kl5sf] of] pHofnf]dfltld{/ ltld{/ cfFvfx¿ lnP/a]xf];Ldf, st} cfuf] g} s'Nrg nflu/x]sft 5}gf}+ xfdL <af/Daf/dnfO{ oxL Pp6f s'/fsf] 8/ nfUg yfn]sf]5clxn] klg tsxfF s'b\g 5f8]sf 5g\ / 5nL df/Lrx¿ <d ;fFRr} eG5'cyf]{s s]xL ug{ g;s] klg;lxbx¿sf] gfddfclxn]– oltv]/xfdLn] cfkm}+nfO{ hf]ufpg' k/]sf] 5 †clxn]–oltv]/xfdLn] cfk}+mnfO{ hf]ufpg' k/]sf] 5 ††

s'/f ubf{ a]n'sf ;f;";;'/fsf] xKsfO kf] vfg'kg]{ xf] ls < d}n] k|;+u km]l/ s'/fsfgLlt/} df]8]F .…blVvg sxfF < ef/t cf]/ <Ú d]/f] a'emfOcg';f/pgL o;cl3 ef/tLo gful/s x'g'k5{, lsgeg]oxfFb]lv blIf0fL ufpF t ef/tLo e"lddf k5{ . of]¿kGb]xL lhNnfsf] ;LdfjtL{ ufpF af]waf/] xf] .…l;;xL †Ú pgn] cfºgf] dfOtL ufpFsf] gfdatfPkl5 aNn pgsf] l;;lxg eGg] gfpFsf]cy{ a'em]F d}n], ptf uPsf a]nf pgnfO{ ;;'/fnLufpFsf] gfpFn] af]wjfl/g elgFbf] /x]5, uf}gfkl5of] pgn] kfPsf] gofF kl/ro xf] . ufpFsf] gfdhfg] k'luxfNof] lg † lar/L pgnfO{ s] yfxfl;dfgfsf] lje]b eg]sf] s] xf] < b]z / /fHoeg]sf] s] xf] < otf klg p:t} v]taf/L xfjfkfgLdf6f] 5, ptf klg p:t} af]nLrfnL /xg;xgvfgkfg 5, otf wfg kmNbf ptf klg wfgs}afnf em'N5, otf tf]/L km'Nbf ptf klg tf]/L g}km'N5, otf kfgL kbf{ ptf klg kfgL g} k5{, otft'iff/f] k/]/ cGGfkft lau|Fbf ptf klg aflngfnL;vfk} x'G5 . b;uhf s] xf] < pgn] s;/Lhfg"g\ < g ufpFdf o;sf] rrf{ x'G5, g tcfdfx¿ slxn] otf / ptfsf] km/s 5'l§g] s'/fg} u5{g\ . Tof] l;d]G6sf] vDaf s'g} b]p–b]ptfsf]yfg kf] xf] ls < k'/fgf] dlGb/ elTsP/ vDafdfq afFsL /x]sf] xf] ls < hlGdFbf e"ld;Fusf]gftfn] ef/tLo lyOg\ g]kfnL;Fu lax]kZrft\ cag]kfnL ePsL 5g\, t/ of] s'/f pgnfO{ yfxf5}g . hfGg] ;'Gg]n]] atfpg] cfjZostf;Dd klgdx;'; u/]gg\ . 3/ / j/ /fd|f] km]nf k/] eOxfNof]lg † emg\ jfl/ lbFbf bfOhf] klg cln sd} nfUg]x'gfn] 3/sf dfG5] klg lsg cy{xLg s'/fdfcndlnpmg\ < jfl/ xf];\ jf kfl/ o;n] lhGbuLdfs'g} c;/ kfg]{ eP kf] t <

…gf}nL ktf]xL xf]n' <Ú d}n] gofF a'xf/Lsf] 3'D6f]la:tf/} p7fpg vf]Hbf pgL t;]{/ tLg xft k/eflug\ . 5f]6f] skfn / lhG; l6;6{df sl:;PsLdnfO{ pgn] nf]Ug]dfG5] eG7flgg\ Sof xf] <cl3;Dd d]/f] :j/ dfq ;'g]/ dnfO{ cfkm"h:t}kml/of nufPsL, cfFrnn] skfn 9fs]sL cfOdfO{ePsf] cg'dfg lyof] xf]nf pgsf], o;cl3 3'D6f]n]9flsPsL g pgn] d]/f] d'xf/ b]Vg kfPsL x'g\ gt d}n] pgsf] . …xdx'F d]x/f? xf]OnfFÚ d klgcfOdfO{ g} xf] eGGf] yfxf kfPkl5 aNn pgsf];ftf] cfPh:tf] eof] .

d of] 3/df dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng ug]{qmddf cfOk'u]sL x'F . oxfFsf] efiff hfg]sf] x'gfn]af]nLrfnLdf cK7]/f] t s]xL ePsf] 5}g, t/lbpF;f] 3/df e]6 x'g] cfOdfO{x¿ s]xL af]NgghfGg] x'g jf gvf]Hg] x'g Tof] eg] a'‰g} ufx|f] .nf]Ug]sf] gfd sf9\g x'Fb}g /] † ;;'/fsf] gfd yfx}5}g /] † xfdLnfO{ k/]g km;fb † nf]Ug]dfG5] hltv]taf/Lsf] sfddf lxF8\g], cfOdfO{ s]6fs]6L af]Nb}gaf]Ng] . cwa}+;] dlxnfx¿ ;d]t nf]Ug]sf] gfdpRrf/0f ubf{ kfk nfUnf eg]/ cfºgf] lha|f]bfFtleq 6Dd kf/]/ n'sfpF5g\ . …of] r'gfpdfgfd n]vfP/ s] kfOG5 / <Ú …sfd 5f8L ef]]6v;fNg hfFbf ltdLn] s] lbG5\of} / <Ú …xfdLnfO{

s]sf] rf;f] < xfd|f] uhf]{ r'gfpn] 6fg]{ xf]Og †Úef]6 xfNb}df sd ;] sd Tof] lbg e'F8L el/g] ePkf] rf;f] . oxfF cfPb]lv o:tf s'/f ;'Gg cEo:t5' . of] s'/f t pgLx¿n] g]tfnfO{ kf] ;f]Wg' kg]{,of]hgf agfpg], ljsf; Nofpg] ltg} x'g\ . t/oxfF t g]tf e]l6P kf] lrGg' † ef]6 lbg] dfG5]nfO{s;nfO{ ef]6 lbFb} 5' eGg] ;d]t yfxf x'Fb}g,d'l:snn] ufpFel/df b'O{ rf/hgfn] dfq cfºgfcl3Nnf k|ltlglwsf] gfd atfpg ;Sg] of] 7fpFdfdlxnfx¿ lgjf{rgk|lt pbf;Lg x'g' c:jefljsh:tf] t nfu]g dnfO{ klg . r'gfj cfof] eGb}dfPs hf]/ kml/of km]g{ kfOg] xf]Og † s] yfxf s] xf]of] r'gfj < s] xf] ;+ljwfg;ef < s]sf nfluul/G5 r'gfj < of] ;a k9]n]v]sf dfG5]n] ug]{ /a'‰g] s'/f xf] † xfdL v]tLls;fgL ug]{nfO{ lsgcndNofp5f}+ xF <Ú Ps xf]Og cg]s k|Zgn] r'l6G5f}+xfdL .

lxhf ]cfh b } lgsh;f ] kqklqsfdf;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgs} ljifoj:t' ;d]l6Psf;dfrf/ / n]v /rgf 5flkG5g\, ;f/f /]l8of],PkmPd / 6]lnlehgx¿n] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rgs} ljifodf ;dfrf/ tyf sfo{qmdx¿lbg/ft ahfO/x]sf 5g\ . otf k9\of ];+ljwfg;efs} s'/f, ptf vf]Nof] ;+ljwfg;efs}sfo{qmd, htf x]¥of] Tot} ;+ljwfg;efs} af/]dful/Psf uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ / cGt/lqmofsf;dfrf/ . t/ of] ufpFsf dlxnfx¿sf] sfg5]8\g] / cfFvf vf]Ng] u/L v} s] cfOk'u]sf] 5t < g efiff a'em"g\, g t s'/f g} † n]Vg k9\gghfg] klg ;'Gg kfP t s]xL g s]xL a'‰y] xf]nflg † …oxfF t pgfG;o k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] g]kfnLefiff a'‰b}gg\, Tof] PkmPdaf6 Psl5g cfpg]…lgjf{rg;DaGwL :yfgLo efiffsf] sfo{qmd ;'Gg]s;nfO{ 6fOd 5 / < /]l8of] ;'GGf] afgL / cf}sftklg t x'g' k¥of] lg † ha ufpFdf ;'lsnf dfG5]x¿df]6/df k|rf/ ub}{, 3/ 3f/Ldf krf{ 6fF:b} lxF8\5g\clg aNn r'gfj cfP5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 gfgL †Úlxhf] a]n'sL k"j{ j8fWoIf /fde/f]; sfsfn] eg]sf]s'/f emnSs ;lD´PF .

l;;lxg;Fu labf dfu]/ lxF8\g] a]nfdf Pp6fk|Zg cem} ;f]w"F ;f]w"F h:tf] nfUof], …ef]6 lu/fPrna' g †Ú ef]6 xfNg t hfG5\of} xf]nf lg † eGg]d]/f] k|Zg ;'g]/ pgnfO{ cfZro{ nfu]5 . …hgfgLxf]Onf, s] hfg hfP ldnL ls gflxF †Ú cfOdfO{x'g\, 3/sfn] hfg lbG5g\ ls lbFb}gg\ eGGf] s'/fpgn] dnfO{ cfh} s;/L atfpg\ .

…xDd] ef]6 lu/fP agL <Ú d klg ef]6 v;fNg;S5' / < eg]/ 3/leq k:b} u/]sL pgn] 3'D6f]leq}af6d;Fu u/]sf] Pp6} k|Zgn] dnfO{ hf]8;Fu xfGof] .eGg t dg nfu]sf] xf], 3'D6f] / leQfleq s}bltdLn] pDd]bjf/dWo] s;nfO{ lrgf}nL / p;nfO{lhtfpg cfºgf] dtflwsf/ k|of]u u/f}nL † ltdLnfO{dfG5];Fu af]Ng t c¿;Fu Ohfht lng' k5{ eg] s]ef]6 v;fNg ;lhn} u/L kfpnL <

d ;w}+ ;fFem ;fyLx¿;Fu o:t} s'/fsfgL ub}{lgbfpF5', …l;;lxg h:tf slt dtx¿ o;/L g}cFWof/fdf n's]sf xf]nfg\ x} †Ú ä

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;do á r}t *, @)^#54

/+u l;g]fdf ;/sf/L nufgL

ä bLks /f}lgof/÷sf7df8f}+

rnlrq ljsf; af]8{n] of] jif{ b; g]kfnLl;g]dfnfO{ % nfv ?k}ofFsf b/n] lgdf{0f cg'bfglbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 8]9 dlxgf lat]sf] 5 . %nfv ?k}ofF cg'bfg 7"nf] s'/f eP klg ;/sf/n]lbPsf] cg'bfgsf nflu of] cjlwdf Pp6fdfqlgj]bg k/]sf] 5 .

of] ;/sf/L of]hgfn] rnlrq lgdf{tfx¿nfO{lsg nf]EofPg < To;sf] Pp6} sf/0f xf], af]8{sf;t{x¿ . af]8{sf] cg'bfg kfpg l;g]df #%ldlnld6/sf] g]u]l6edf lvlrPsf] x'g}k5{ / To;sf]nDafO sDtLdf ! ;o @) ldg]6sf] x'g'k5{ .;+;f/el/sf l;g]df pBf]ux¿n] &) ldg]6eGbfnfdf] ;dosf] rnlrqnfO{ k"0f{ nDafOsf] dfG5g\ .pgLx¿ cf};tdf () ldg]6sf] rnlrqagfpF5g\ . b'O{ 3G6] rnlrqsf] gfk ;DejtMg]kfnL l;g]dfn] d'DaOof l;g]dfs} k/Dk/fwflg/xf];\ eGg] rfxgfaf6 hGd]sf] xf] lsgeg]o;sf nflu s'g} ts{ af]8{n] lbPsf] 5}g .

d'n'ssf] k'g;{+/rgf x'g nfu]sf] clxn]sf];dodf hgtfsf] s/sf] k};faf6 ul/g] ;/sf/LnufgL g]kfnL l;g]dfsf] df}lnstfsf nflu x'g'kg]{xf] . o;n] ;+qmd0fdf /x]sf] d'n'ssf uDeL/cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ xf] . g]kfnLl;g]dfnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o If]qlt/ x]g]{ cfF6 lbg'kg]{xf] . t/, af]8{sf] #% ldlnld6/ df]xn] l;g]df;fx'hLx¿nfO{ dfq ;3fpg]5 . o;af6 b'O{3G6] l;g]dfsf] dfun] g]kfnL l;g]dfnfO{ d'n'ssf]l;dfgf gf£g} g;Sg] u/L ;Lldt agfpF5 .

g]kfnL l;g]dfsf] jt{dfg kmDof{6 /fd|f] 5 /o;df ;'wf/ cfjZos 5}g eGg] klg xf]Og .

g]kfnL rnlrq pBf]u d'VotM !^ ldlnld6/sf]g]u]l6edf cfwfl/t 5, h'g clxn]sf] dgf]/~hg;+;f/df d"nwf/sf] kmDof{6 xf]Og . of] bf];|f]ljZjo'4sfnLg k|ljlwaf6 g]kfnL l;g]df pBf]unfO{kSs} d'lQm rflxPsf] 5 . t/, g]kfnL l;g]dfsf];d:of sd;n kmDof{6dfq xf]Og . ljZj l;g]dfdfk'li6 eO;s]s} 5, l;g]dfsf] u'0f:t/sf nflu rflxg]klxnf] j:t' ljifoj:t', k|:t'lt / l;h{gzLntfxf] . kmDof{6 bf];|f] k|fyldstf xf] .

xfd|f ;a}h;f] d"nwf/sf l;g]df syfljgf g}alg/x]sf 5g\ . l:qmK6sf] lahf]u k|To]s l;g]dfdf:ki6} b]lvG5 . xfd|f] l;g]df lgik|f0f clego,xfF;f]nfUbf] åGå / 8/nfUbf] xf:oaf6 u|:t 5 .af]8{sf] cg'bfgsf ;t{x¿df !^ af6 #%ldlnld6/df hfgf;fy oL ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfgx'G5g\ eGg] ;f]r xfjL b]lvG5 . af]8{n] kmDof{6nfO{eGbf /fd|f] l;g]df aGg] jftfj/0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxglbg'k5{ . To;f] ug{ g;s] hlt k};f vGofPklg g]kfnL l;g]df pBf]usf] ?kfGt/0f x'g]5}g .af]8{sf] of] lg0f{o oyfjt} /x] /fHosf]ifaf6 %)nfv ?k}of“ vr{ x'g]5, t/ Tof] /sd ;xLlgdf{tfsf] xftdf / rnlrq ljsf;sf nflupkof]u x'g]5}g .

o'jf l;g]sdL{x¿sf] ;d"x km/ l;g]dfn]]rnlrq ljsf; af]8{s} xftfdf cfof]hgf u/]sf]cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf rnlrq lgdf{tf ;+3sfcWoIf czf]s zdf{n] eg], …dnfO{ t rflxPgo:tf] cg'bfg † af]8{sf] % nfv ?k}ofF lng hfg'eg]sf] cfkm" sDtLdf !) nfvdf 8'Ag' xf] .Ú

…lgZro klg k|f]T;flxt u/]sf] 5}gÚ, lgb]{zst'n;L l3ld/]n] af]8{sf] k|:tfjn] l;g]df agfpgcfkm"nfO{ s'g} hfFu/ gyk]sf] k|:6\ofpFb} eg] .

lgb]{zs tyf lgdf{tf gL/ zfxsf] egfO lyof],…af]8{n] kmDof{6eGbf klg ;[hgfnfO{ k|f]T;flxtug'{k5{ .Ú gL/ zfx, t'n;L l3ld/], czf]s zdf{dWo]s;}nfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg gug]{ af]8{sf] cg'bfg s;sfnflu < hf];Fu lkmNd k|zf]wg Nofa 5, p;sfnflu < h;n] #% PdPdsf] g]u]l6esf] sf/f]af/u5{, p;sf nflu < jf #% PdPdsf] dxFuf]kmDof{6df l;g]df agfpg ;Sg] cf}+nfdf uGg;lsg] ;+Vofdf /x]sf lgdf{tfx¿sf nflu < clxn]l;g]df alg/x]sf] !^ PdPd kmDof{6 5f8]/ #%PdPddf hfFbf x/]s rnlrqsf nflu sDtLdf!% nfv ?k}ofF yk vr{ ug'{ k5{ . lgdf{tf >j0fl3ld/] eG5g\, …clxn] rn]sf elgPsf rnlrqn];d]t Tolt gfkmf ul//x]sf 5}gg\ .Ú

km/ l;g]dfs} ToxL sfo{qmddf af]8{ cWoIfz}n]z cfrfo{n] eg], …l;g]df agfpg ghfGg'xfd|f] k|d'v ;d:of xf] .Ú af]8{ cWoIf cfkm}+n]7DofPsf] k|d'v ;d:ofnfO{ lsg ;a}eGbf klxnf;Daf]wg gul/Psf] xf] < …cg'bfg sfof{Gjogsfnflu agfOPsf] sfo{bnn] xfdLnfO{ of] ;'emfjlbPsf] xf] . To;cl3 ePsf cGt/lqmof Pj+uf]i7Ln] ;d]t #% PdPdd} hfg] ljifonfO{k|d'v k|fyldstf lbg] u/]sf] lyof] .Ú af]8{ cWoIfsf]of] :ki6Ls/0f sfo{bn ;b:o gjLg ;'Aafn]sfo{qmdd} sf6] .

g'dfkm'ªsf lgb]{zs ;'Aafn] eg], …sfo{bnn]#% PdPdsf] l;g]dfsf nflu @) nfv dfqah]6 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . afFsL #) nfvdWo] @)nfv !^ PdPddf /fd|f] tyf df}lns l;g]dfagfpg vf]Hg]nfO{ / !) nfv l8lh6nl;g]dfnfO{ lbg] elgPsf] lyof] .Ú

af]8{n] /fHosf] 7"nf] /sd rnlrq pBf]usf

sf]xLnf]lePgg\

rnlrq ljsf; af]8{n] b;g]kfnL l;g]dfnfO{ kfFr nfv

?k}ofF b/n] cg'bfg lbg] 3f]if0ffu/] klg ;'ljwf kfpg l;g]df

#% PdPdsf] kmDof{6df aGg'kg]{;t{n] !^ PdPddf rln/x]sf]

rnlrq pBf]unfO{ s'g}cfsif{0f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

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;do á r}t *, @)^# 55

nflu 5'6\ofP/ 7"nf] / cfFl6nf] sfd u/]sf] xf], t/o;sf] k|lqmof ;xL gePsf] ;a}sf] egfO /x\of] .af]8{n] k|:tfj cfx\jfg ub}{ eg]sf] 5, …of] k|:tfjrnlrqsf] u'0f:t/sf] j[l4, df}lns rnlrq lgdf{0fk|f]T;fxg tyf /rgfTds rnlrq lgdf{0fdfk|f]T;fxg ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] xf] .Ú t/ af]8{sf;t{n] p;s} p2]Zosf] lg?T;fxg u/]sf] 5 .

Psbd} sd;n dflgg] k|ljlw xfOP6 / lePrP; Sofd]/fn] lvlrPsf l;g]dfn] ;d]t ljZjdftxNsf drfPsf 5g\ . An]o/ aLr k|f]h]S6 h:tf]Snfl;s l;g]df xfOP6 Sofd]/fn] lvlrPsf] lyof] .% jif{cl3 cf]:sf/kl5 ljZjs} 7"nf] dxf]T;jdflgg] SofG;df l8lh6n a]6f Sofd]/fn] lvlrPsf]l;g]dfb kmf:6 /g/sf] k|yd k|bz{g ePsf] lyof] .of] rnlrqn] SofG;df ;g\ @))@ sf] pTs[i65fof+sg k'/:sf/ lht]sf] lyof] .

ldgL l8eLdf lvlrPsf] l;g]df b ;]n]a|];gn]SofG;d} ( jif{cl3 :k];n h'/L cjf8{ lht]sf]lyof] . ;fwf/0f l8lh6n Sofd]/fn] lvlrPsf]8s'd]G6«L a]pgf le:6f ;f]l;on Sna cf7jif{cl3 cf]:sf/ cjf8{df pTs[i6 8s'd]G6«Lljwfdf dgf]gogdf k/]sf] lyof] .

l5d]sL ef/td} lgb]{zs ld/f gfo/n] ;'k/!^ PdPdsf] Sofd]/fn] lvr]sf] dg;'g j]l8ªn]ljZje/ txNsf drfpg] u/L Jofkf/ dfqu/]g, e]lg; rnlrq dxf]T;jdf uf]N8]g nfogcjf8{ klg xft kf¥of] . pg} gfo/n] jfg{/

a|b;{sf nflu ;o ldlnog 8n/sf] l;g]dflgb]{zg ug]{ lhDdf kfPsL 5g\ xfn} . sd;nk|ljlwdf agfOP klg ljZjdf txNsf drfPsfsof}+ rnlrq 5g\, h;n] kmDof{6 k|fylds ljifoxf]Og eGg] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .

kmDof{6 lgdf{tfn] cfºgf] ;'ljwfcg';f/ 5fGgkfpg' k5{ . s;}nfO{ #% PdPd dg kg{ ;S5,s;}nfO{ !^ PdPd g} jf s;}nfO{ oL b'j}g]u]l6e k|ljlw 5f8]/ l8lh6ndf hfg dg k5{ .!^ PdPdsf] ljsNkdf g]kfnL l;g]sdL{sf nfluy'k|} kmDof{6 5g\ . !^ PdPds} g]u]l6ed} jfO8l:qmg lbg] ;'k/ !^ jf l8lh6nsf y'k|}9fFrfx¿dWo] s'g} . ;]n'nfO8eGbf a9L pbf/dflgg] l8lh6n k|ljlwdf y'k|} g]kfnL lgb]{zstyf lgdf{tfx¿n] rnlrq agfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

l5l/ª l/tf/ z]kf{, gf/fo0f k'/L, e"if0fbfxfnh:tf lgb]{zsx¿n] of] k|ljlwdf l;g]dfagfO;s] eg] bk{0f5fofF, blIf0ff, s';'d]?dfn,nfx'/] h:tf l;g]dfsf lgb]{zs t'n;L l3ld/]klg cfºgf] kl5Nnf] s[lt l8lh6n k||ljlwd} agfpFb}5g\ . ho g]kfn / s'df/L xnsf] ;~rfnsSj]:6 OG6/6]Gd]G6n] t blIf0f Pl;ofd} c¿ s;}n]k|of]u gu/]sf] 6's] /]h'n];gsf] xfO8]lkmg];g Sofd]/flsg]/} rnlrq lgdf{0f yfln;s]sf] 5 .

k'/fgf] g]u]l6e k|ljlweGbf l8lh6n w]/} u'0ff;:tf] dfq 5}g, 5l/tf] / pbf/ klg 5 . gofFk':tf g]u]l6e k|ljlweGbf of] k|ljlw;Fu a9L

kl/lrt 5g\ . ljB'tLo o'usf o'jfx¿nfO{ g]u]l6ek|ljlw lgSs} dxFuf] dfq xf]Og\, emGeml6nf] klg5 . l8lhl6n k|ljlwsf] ;'netfs} sf/0f cfhg]kfnL Do'lhs lel8of] / 8s'd]G6«Ldf 7"nf]kl/jt{g ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

l:6n kmf]6f]u|fkmL l8lh6n ePh:t} l;g]dfpBf]u klg l9nf]rfF8f] l8lh6n x'G5 . l5d]sLef/t / rLgn] o;sf] tof/L yfln;s] . rLgljZjs} ;a}eGbf w]/} l8lh6n l;g]df xn ePsf]b]z aGb} 5 . rLgdf clxn];Dd @ xhf/ l8lh6nl;g]df xn alg;s]sf 5g\ . ef/tdf Pp6}sDkgL o'Pkmcf] d'lehn] &%) xn l8lh6nagfO;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf eg] clxn];Dd l;g]df xn g} of]k|ljlw k|of]usf] afws aGb} cfPsf] 5 . lgdf{tflgb]{zsnfO{ dg k/] klg k|bz{g ug]{ 7fpF gePsfn]pgLx¿ of] k|ljlwdf l;g]df agfpglxlRsrfO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf l8lh6n k|f]h]S6/ePsf] Pp6} l;g]df xn 5}g . ;x/L If]qsf l;g]dfxndfq} klg l8lh6n agfpg ;s] klg g]kfnLrnlrq pBf]un] lgs} l56f] km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg]ljZjf; w]/} lgdf{tfsf] 5 . l5l/ª l/tf/ / l3ld/]dfqxf]Og, rnlrq lgdf{tf ;+3;d]t o:tf] xn aGg'kg]{atfpF5 . ho g]kfn / s'df/L l;g]df xnnfO{?kfGt/0f u/]/ l;g]df k|bz{gdf gfd sdfPsfefis/ 9'+ufgf eG5g\, …olb ef]lnsf] k|ljlw l8lh6nxf] eg] xfdLn] cfh}b]lv lsg tof/L gug]{ <Ú ä

;do á r}t *, @)^#56

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ld; g]kfn aGg] o'jtLsf nflu Ps jif{sf]cjlw cj;/do x'G5 . pkflw kfpg]n];f]]r]sf] sl/o/d} xft xfn]/ ;lhn} ;kmntfk|fKt ug{] :6]hsf ?kdf x]g{] ul/G5, o;nfO{ .kl5Nnf jif{x¿df ld; g]kfndf ;xefuLx'g cfj]bg lbg] o'jtLx¿sf] ;+Vof dfqa9]sf] 5}g, s'g} a]nf o;nfO{ gsf/fTds?kdf x]g{] g]kfnL ;dfhn] ;d]t pbf/tfb]vfpFb} uPsf] 5 . o'jfk':tfdf ld;g]kfnk|ltsf] cfsif0f{ k|To]s jif{ r'lnFb}uPsf] 5 .

t/, kl5Nnf jif{x¿sf] ld; g]kfndf;xefuL x'g] o'jtLx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{] xf]eg] g]jf/ ;d'bfosf o'jtLx¿n] b]vfPhltpbf/tf cGo If]qsf o'jtLx¿n] b]vfpg;s]sf 5 }gg \ . …;fdfGo ¿kdfsf7df8f}+leq g]jf/x¿sf] a9L hg;+Vof5 / pkl:ylt klg sf7df8f}+leqaf6} a9Lx'g] u5{ . To;}n] o:tf] nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 .cfsif{0f ;a}df a9]sf] 5Ú, lx8]g 6«]h/g]kfnsf k|aGw lgb{]zs lu/]Gb|dfg /fhj+zLeG5g\ . o;kfln klg ld; g]kfndf ;xefuLx'g kfpg] u/L 5flgPsf !( hgfdWo] (hgf g]jf/ ;d'bfosf 5g\ .

Ps bzscufl8 ;'? ePsf] ld; g]kfnofqf of] jif{ klg hf/L 5 . ljutsfjif{x¿df e}+m of] jif{ klg pkl:ylt

o'jtLx¿ em/gf ah|frfo{, lg? >]i7, piffv8\uL, kfon zfSon] ld; g]kfnsf] tfhk|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . …of] Pp6f ;+hf]u dfq x'g;S5 . t/, ;a} If]qsf o'jtLx¿df o;k|ltcfsif{0f / rf;f] al9/x]sf] 5Ú, k"j{ ld;g]kfn v8\uL atfpFl5g\ .

/fhwfgLsf g]jf/x¿nfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/g]jf/ ;d'bfosf o'jtLx¿n] dfq efu lngkfpg] u/L ljut s]xL jif{b]lv ld; g]jfM,ld; lnl6n g ]jf M h:tf ; 'Gb/Lk|ltof]lutfx¿ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . …/fhwfgLd''n'ss} ;|f]t ;fwg pknAw x'g] 7fpF xf] /g]jf/x¿sf] a9L afx'No ePsf] 7fpF xf] .o'jtLx¿df a9\b} uPsf] ld; g]kfnk|ltsf]cfsif{0fn] nf]EofPsf] x'g ;S5Ú, k"j{ ld;g]kfn v8\uLsf] egfO 5 .

ld; g]kfnsf nflu ;'?df jif{x¿df/fhwfgLleqsf o'jtLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf a9L/xg] u/]sf] lyof] . kl5Nnf jif{x¿df;dfhdf a9\b} uPsf] pbf/Ls/0fsf sf/0fo;sf] bfo/f klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .…xfdLsxfF b'u{d 7fpFaf6 klg pkl:yltsfnflu cfj]bgx¿ cfPsf 5g\Ú, /fhj+zLeG5g\ . a9\bf] bfo/f / cfsif{0f;Fu} lx8g6«]h/n] k|ltjif{ k'/:sf/ /flz klg a9fpFb}nu]sf] 5 .

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g]jf/Ljr{:j

hgfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o; jif{d'n'se/sf # ;o o'jtLx¿n] ld; @))& dfefu lngsf nflu kqfrf/ u/]sf lyP .

ljutsf jif{x¿df klg g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] a9L;+nUgtf x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . !@ jif{sf] cjlwdfg]jf/ ;d'bfosf rf/hgf o'jtLn] ld; g]kfnsf]tfh lhlt;s]sf 5g\ . of] jif{ x'g uO/x]sf] ld;g]kfndf ;'g;/L, s}nfnL, emfkf, df]/ª, nlntk'// sf7df8f}+af6 o'jtLx¿n] pkl:ylt hgfPsf5g\ . …;a}eGbf a9L sf7df8f}+af6 5g\Ú, /fhj+zLeG5g\ . ljutsf jif{x¿df klg g]jf/ ;d'bfos}

Ps bzscufl8 ;'? ePsf]ld; g]kfn ofqf of] jif{ klghf/L 5 . ljutsf jif{x¿dfe}+m of] jif{ klg pkl:ylthgfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b}

uPsf] 5 .

;do á r}t *, @)^# 57

cg'xf/

l;h{gzLn s[i0fljBfno k9\bfb]lv g} s[i0f kf]v/]n l;h{gfTds n]vgdf hfu?s eP/ nflu/xGy] .k9fOsf cltl/Qm syf, sljtf, lgaGwnufot ljljw ljwfdf pgL sndrnfO/xGy] . ljBfnob]lvsf] pgsf] l;h{gfTds ofqfsf sf/0f clxn] pgnfO{7"nf] ;kmntf xft nfu]sf] 5 . ev{/} dfq lb OG6/sn]lhP6 :6l8h OlG:6Ro'6,cd]l/sfåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljZjJofkL cG8/u|Øfh'P6 lgaGw k|ltof]lutfdfs[i0fn] ;kmntf xft kf/]/ cfkm"nfO{ d]wfjL ;fljt u/]sf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\,…w]/} v';L nfUof], d]xgtsf] sb/ ePh:tf] nfu]sf] 5 .Ú

lbNnL ljZjljBfno, dxf/fh cu|;]g sn]hdf hgf{lnhddf laP -cg;{_ cWoog/ts[i0fn] ljZJfJofkL lgAfGw k|ltof]lutf x'Fb} 5 eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 lbNnLsf ljleGgk':tsfno b}lgs ^ 3G6feGbf a9L cWoog u/]/ cfjZos ;fdu|L h'6fPsf lyP,lgAfGwsf nflu . …Sofg Sof/]S6/ PG8 sDo'lgl6h ;ef{Oe Og Ph ckm Unf]anfOh];gÚzLif{ssf] pQm lgaGw k|ltof]lutfdf t];|f] k'/:sf/ lhTg ;kmn s[i0f s]xL lbgleq @xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ gub / ;Ddfgkq lng cd]l/sf hfg] tof/Ldf 5g\ . pQmk|ltof]lutfdf l;+ufk'/ / cd]l/sfsf ljBfyL{n] klxnf] / bf];|f] :yfg xft kfg{ ;kmnePsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, …ToxfF uP/ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{ hf]8]/ Unf]AnfOh];gaf/]cfºgf ljrf/ k|:t't ug]{5' .Ú

;nf{xL, gjnk'/ :yfoL 3/ eP klg clxn] /fhwfgLdf ;kl/jf/ a:b}cfPsf s[i0fn] dgsfdgf pRrdfWolds ljBfnoaf6 P;Pn;L / dbg e08f/Ld]df]l/on sn]haf6 kqsfl/tf, c+u|]hL / ;dfhzf:q ljifo lnP/ sIff !@pQL0f{ u/]sf x'g\ . k9fO l;WofP/ ljsf; kqsfl/tfdf xft kmfNg] ;f]r lnPsfafO; jifL{o s[i0f eG5g\, …eljiodf kqsfl/tf /x] klg l;h{gzLn n]vgnfO{klg plQs} dxŒj lbg]5' .Ú ä ;

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;+;bnfO{ ukmf8Lx¿sf] ynf], v;Lsf] 6fpsf] b]vfP/s's/sf] df;' a]Rg] 7fpF / ;'Fu'/x¿sf] lgjf;sf ?kdfPsyl/ /fhgLlt1x¿n] k|:t't ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . dfS;{,n]lgg / dfcf]sf cGw /fhgLlts cg'ofoLx¿ cem} klgTof] syg bf]xf]¥ofpg] u5{g\, lsgls pgLx¿sf] /fhgLltscl:tTj Tof] dfGotfsf] ;+s'lrt 3]/fleq dfq ;Lldt5 . ax; / km/sdtnfO{ ToxfF s'g} :yfg x'Fb}g .

t/ dfS;{, n]lgg / dfcf]s} /fhgLlts l;4fGtnfO{ Pp6fj}1flgs lrGtg dfGg] sDo'lgi6x¿n] b]z, sfn /kl/l:yltcg';f/ cfkm"nfO{ ToxfFaf6 cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ .;+;bLo wf/df sDo'lgi6 lrGtg / cl:tTj km:6fpg ;S5eGg] pbfx/0f ef/tdf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\, dfS;{jfbL nufotljleGg jfd bnx¿n] . cem clxn] t ;+;b\sf] k/Dk/f wfGb}To;nfO{ dof{lbt cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg] bfloTjsf ;fy} :jtGqef/tsf] ;+;b\sf] Oltxf;df klxnf]kN6 dfS;{jfbL sDo'lgi6kf6L{sf g]tf ;f]dgfy r6hL{ ;efd'vsf ¿kdf sfo{/t5g\ . pgsf] nfdf] ;+;bLo hLjg ;zQm / dof{lbt t 5 g},rf}wf}+ nf]s;efsf ;efd'vsf ¿kdf pgsf] emG8} # jif{hltsf]sfo{sfn k|z+;gLo klg /xLcfPsf] 5 .

rfx] cfÎg} dfS;{jfbL bnsf ;b:ox¿af6 lsg gxf];\,lgod / k/Dk/fsf] pNn+3g tyf cfklQhgs cfr/0flj?4pgn] cfkm"nfO{ k]; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . of] n]vdf ef/tLo;fDojfbLx¿nfO{ pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf k|:t't ug'{sf] k5fl8sf]d'Vo p2]Zo xf] s;/L sDo'lgi6 x'Fbfx'Fb} klg /fd|f] / k|efjsf/L;+;bLo cEof;df hfg ;lsG5 < ;+;bLo dof{bf / cfr/0fcg';/0f ug'{ ;fDojfbL lrGtg / rl/qljk/Lt hfFb}gg]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df klg . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df Pdfn]hgtfsf] dtåf/f gfOs] jfd bndfq xf]Og, ;+;bLo k/Dk/fsf]cleGg lx:;fsf ¿kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . ;efWoIfsf¿kdf ;'jf; g]Djfªn] ;f]dgfy r6hL{sf] eGbf a9L g}r'gf}tLk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf 5g\ .

cflv/ dfcf]jfbLn] zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf k|hftGqdf;dflxt x'g] k|lta4tfkl5 g} jt{dfg zflGt k|lqmof;'? ePsf] xf] . ;fDojfbL lrGtg / l;4fGtsf ;Gbe{x¿dfq x}g, cGt/f{li6«o kl/j]zx¿df kl/jt{g cfPsf;Gbe{nfO{ :jLsf/ u/] dfq dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cufl8sf]/fhgLlt ;f]Rg'kg]{ x'G5 . ljZjdf emG8} &) k|ltztd'n'sx¿df k|hftGq :yfkgf ePsf] dfq x}g, k|hftGq/ dfgjclwsf/ ;femf cGt/f{li6«o bfloTj ag]sf] cj:yfdfk|hftflGqs cfr/0f / l;4fGtnfO{{ cfTd;ft u/]sf]pbfx/0f k]; ug'{ dfcf]jfbLx¿sf nflu dfq x}g, g]kfns}nflu klg lxts/ x'g]5 . To;n] /fhgLltdf cfk;LljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ klg d2t k'¥ofpg]5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 d'n'sdf gofF ;+ljwfgn]lvg]5 . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ /cNkdtsf] k|ltkIf d'n'ssf] lxtdf gx'g] wf/0ff dfcf]jfbLsf]/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . t/ d'n'ssf] lxtdf s:tf] Joj:yfxf]nf t < pgL jf pgsf] kf6L{n] v'nfPsf 5}gg\ .

df}lns /fhgLlts lrGtg jf ;+/rgfdf lx:;]bf/Lsf]gofF k|j]znfO{ cg'lrt egL xfNg ldNb}g . ;+ljwfg;efn]w]/} ;Defjgf / ljsNkx¿af/] uxg 5nkmn ug{ ;S5 .

t/ To:tf] ax; dof{lbt ;+;bLo jftfj/0fdf dfqx'g;S5 . jt{dfg cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] jftfj/0f /cfr/0fn] efjL cGtl/d ;+ljwfg;efsf] rl/qnfO{ klgk|efljt ug]{ x'Fbf cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] ;+rfngul/dfdo x'g' klg TolQs} cfjZos 5 .

To; cy{df To;sf cWoIfsf ?kdf ;'jf;rGb| g]Djfªsf];j{;Ddltaf6 5gf]6 ;DejtM cf7 bnsf] Pp6f /fd|f]ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o lyof] . kl/is[t efiff / cleJolQm ;+;bLocEof; / k/Dk/fsf hfgsf/ / cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdfklg ;+od b]vfpg ;Sg] JolQm cWoIfsf] cf;gdf a:bfk|lts"n If0fx¿ cg's"ntfdf ablng] u5{g\, ;+;b\df .;fDojfbL lrGtgnfO{ ;+;bLo dfGotfsf] ;kmn lx:;fagfpg] pgn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ / v]n]sf5g\ . t/ clxn] pgsf] r'gf}tL emg\ a9]sf] 5, vf;u/LcGtl/d ;+;b\leqsf s]xL 36gfx¿sf sf/0f .

lj1fg / k|ljlw @! cf}+ ztfAbL / To;kl5sf] ljZjsfnflu j/bfg ;fljt x'g ;S5 . Tof] ljZjsf] ;fd"lxs lrGtg/ Jojxf/ aGg ;Sg'k5{ . To:t} lj1fg / k|ljlwnfO{ /fli6«ohLjgz}nLsf] cfwf/ agfpg k|To]s /fli6«o ;/sf/ /Joj:yflksfsf] klg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . lj1fg / j}1flgszlQmk|lt ;sf/fTds k|lta4tf gb]vfpg], t/ k|ljlwsf] ;Lldtpkef]u slxn]sfxLF vt/fo'Qm klg x'g;S5 . Tof] lx;fan];fgf] t/ ;+;bLo cfr/0fsf lx;fan] ;+lbUw 36gf clxn]5fglagsf nflu cGtl/d Joj:yflksf;dIf 5 .

dfcf]jfbL ;f+;b hgfb{g zdf{n] ;efd'vnfO{ Pp6fl;8L x:tfGt/0f u/]sf 5g\ . To;nfO{ dfcf]jfbL kIfn]o'j/fh kf/;åf/f /lrt / /fhf 1fg]Gb|åf/f cg'df]lbtd'n'ssf /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ ;kmfof ug]{ if8\oGqsf] k|df0fsf¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ;+;b\ cToGt} ul/dfdo /gful/s k|ltlglwTjsf] ;jf]{Rr ynf] ePsfn] To;df k|:t'tul/g] ax; / k|df0f k"0f{ lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy cfpg'k5{ . pQm l;8LnfO{ ;DalGwt ;b:on] ;Tofkg -cy]lG6s]6_ gu/]df ef]ln ;bgnfO{ s'g} klg vfnsf]k|ljlw k|of]uaf6 cndNofpg ;lsG5 . ;+;b\sf] ul/dfnfO{To;n] g/fd|f];Fu rf]6 k'¥ofpg ;S5 .

dfcf]jfbLsf] x}l;ot s] x'G5, Tof] hgtfn] lgwf{/0f ug]{s'/f xf], cfufdL r'gfjdf . t/, dfcf]jfbLn] clxn]b]lv g};+;bLo dfGotfsf cfwf/df hgtfsf] ;dy{g vf]Hg] k|of;ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

dxŒjk"0f{ ;+qmd0fsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] d'n'sdf ;+;b\h:tf]dxŒjk"0f{ lgsfosf] b'?kof]u ePdf d'n'ssf] /fhgLltk|ltudgdf ws]lng klg ;S5 . ;+;b\df xltof/ k'¥ofOPdfcyjf To;nfO{ …;'Fu'/sf] 3/Ú eGg]h:tf cleJolQmx¿nfO{dfcf]jfbL kIfn] dxŒj lbO/x]sf a]nfdf l;8L k|s/0f;+;b\sf] cjd"Nog ug]{ Pp6f ;:tf] /0fgLlt gagf];\ egL;bgn] ;'lglZrt ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

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