3.NF METALS

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    WELCOME

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    NON FERROUS

    METALS

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    METALSMetals are composed of

    elements having good thermaland electrical conductivity.

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    Properties of metals

    - Hardness

    - Good thermal conductivity- Good electrical conductivity

    - High melting point

    - Strength

    - Stiffness

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    -Plastic deformability

    - Ductile

    - Rigidity

    - Machinability- Weldability

    - Castability

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    Requirement of engineering

    materials

    Fabrication: Able to get shaped easily.

    Service requirements: Good strength,

    wear and corrosion resistance.

    Economic requirements: Made available

    with minimum overall cost

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    Selection of material

    Based on properties of the materialsin relation to their indented use.

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    Important properties:

    - Mechanical properties

    - Electrical properties

    - Magnetic properties

    - Thermal properties

    - Chemical properties

    - Physical properties

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    Factors for selection of the

    material- Ease of availability

    - Economy- Capacity to meet service conditions

    - Ease of handling

    - Durability

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    Different Applications

    - Materials for high & Low temperature

    - Tool steels

    - Bearing materials- Spring materials

    - Die casting materials

    - Magnetic materials

    - Metals for nuclear energy.

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    Classification of Metals

    Metals a) Ferrous

    b) Non

    ferrous- Ceramics

    - Organics

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    Non-ferrous metals:

    - Non-ferrous metals and alloys form

    an important group of materials for

    industrial applications.- Metals, which are not iron based.

    - Melting point is low.

    - Low strength

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    Non-ferrous metals

    - Copper first invented useful metal

    employed by man some 15000 years

    ago.

    - They made coins, knives and spear

    heads

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    Common non ferrous metals

    - Copper

    - Lead

    - Nickel

    - Zinc

    - Tin- Aluminum

    - Magnesium

    - Cobalt

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    Cu and Cu alloys

    Cu 96 to 99.3 % with addition ofsmall amounts of alloying elements such

    as Al,Sn,Zn,Ni,Mn & Fe copper alloysare produced.

    They are based electrical

    conductivity,formability and corrosionresistance.

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    Properties

    - Excellent resistance to corrosion- Non-magnetic properties

    - Easy to work, it is ductile and malleable

    - Moderate hardness and strength- High thermal and electrical conductivity

    - Resistance to fatigue, abrasion and

    corrosion

    - It can be soldered, brazed and welded

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    COPPER

    - High thermal and electrical

    conductivity

    - Tensile strength 340 Newton

    per sq.mm

    - Cu is refined electrolytically

    - Used as conductors.

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    Copper

    To improve TS 1% Cadmium is added

    Tensile strength 460 Newton per sq.mm

    Used for wring purpose(lighting /

    telephone)

    Electrical conductivity 90 %

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    Copper

    Pure copper is added with 0.50 %arsenic to increase strength at elevated

    temperature ( 190 to 450 C )

    Properties: high strength High thermal conductivity

    Used in Heat exchangers

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    Copper alloys are used for

    Electrical and electronic components Pump impellers

    Valve components

    Heat exchangers Refrigeration system

    Cables & connectors

    Gaskets

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    Brass

    Brass is an alloy of Cu & Zn.

    Admiralty brass:

    It contains Cu 71% Zn 28 % & Sn 1%.

    Properties:

    High resistance to corrosion.

    High thermal conductivity

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    Brass

    Uses:

    - Heat exchangers ( Oil / water )

    - Gears & bushes

    - Pistons in hydraulic units

    - Valve spindles, bushes & gaskets

    - Pump impellers,sleeves & wear rings

    - Tools

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    Condenser tubes

    Radiators, floatsSheet metal parts

    Architectural metal workWater and air line fittings

    Bolt , nut and wires.

    Electrodes.

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    BRONZE

    It is an alloy of Cu & Zn

    Low melting point

    Used as bearing alloys

    Accommodates misalignment

    Lowers seizure of bearings

    Lowers build up stresses

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    Aluminum bronze

    Composition: Iron : 1 to 4 %

    Aluminum : 9 to 11 %

    Nickel : 4 %

    Copper : Balance

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    Properties

    - Posses good tensile strength- Resistance to corrosion

    - Used for bearings

    - Hydraulic valves, piston and

    gears.

    - Valve & pump components

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    LEADED BRASS

    Cu : 62 %, Zn : 35 % & Pb : 3 %

    Best suited for cold drawing

    Used for making thin wires, bolts,

    terminals

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    Al and Al.Alloys

    - Aluminum is strengthened by the

    addition of alloying elements such as

    Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Si and Mg.

    -Al.alloys can be cast, welded, forged

    and rolled.

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    Properties

    - Light metal, density one third of steel.- Good conductor of electricity and heat

    - High resistance to corrosion

    - Ductile, non magnetic

    - Melting point: 650C.

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    Composition

    TYPE METAL

    Cu Si Mg Zn Al

    I 4 3 --- --- Balance

    II 4.5 5.5 --- --- --do--

    III --- --- 3.8 1.8 --do--

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    Uses

    Pump & motor casings

    Oil filter and cooler casings

    Sky climber components

    Fire fighting components Piston & cylinder heads

    Ladders & Tool

    Door and window frames & patricians. Cables.

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    Lead and lead alloys

    Properties:

    - High resistant to corrosion

    - Lead can be easily soldered- Heavy weight & density

    - Soft and malleable

    - Lubricating property

    - Low coefficient of expansion

    - Low electrical conductivity

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    USES

    - Used in batteries

    - Bearing metals

    - Low melting solders- Radiation protection

    - Fusibleplugs

    - Crimping of wire ropes

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    Babbitt metal

    - Babbitts are antifriction alloys based

    on either tin or lead.

    - Used for lining sleeve bearings

    - Low melting point ( 350 450C )

    - Heavy loaded bearings of steam

    turbines.

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    Babbitt Metal Composition

    - Sn : 90 %

    - Sb : 7.25 to 8.25 %- Cu : 2.5 to 3.5 %

    - Heavily loaded bearings ofsteam turbines

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    Properties

    - Good antifriction properties

    - Thermal conductivity is more

    - Good wearing property- Low coefficient of friction

    - To bear shocks and vibration

    - High resistance to corrosion

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    Babbitt metal

    Hardness of babbit metal isdrastically reduced as temperature

    raised.

    Working temperature of bearingslined with babbit should notexceed 80 C.

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    Nickel

    Used for high temperature applications.

    - Hard material

    - High tensile strength

    - Moderate elasticity

    - Resistance to corrosion

    - High resistance to oxidation.

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    Nickel Chromium alloys are having ability to

    resist oxidation at elevated temperatures.

    Ni 75 - 80 %Cr 20 - 30 %

    Mn 1.5 %

    Maximum working temp : 1100C

    Used as heating elements

    Oven and furnace.

    Soldering iron.

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    Gunmetal

    Tin & bronze alloy castings

    with Cu : 88%

    Sn : 10 %

    Zn : 2 %

    - High resistance to corrosion

    - Used in valves at water and air lines.

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    Fusible alloys

    Fusible alloys:

    - Melts at low temperatures

    - Used in hydraulic couplings

    - Fire extinguishing sprinklers.

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    COMPOSITION

    Material Melting

    point inCBi Pb Sn Cd

    --- 38 62 --- 183

    50 28 22 --- 96

    50 24 14 12 71

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    UNCOMMON METALS

    TITANIUM

    Strong, hard

    More creep and fatigue properties

    High resistance to corrosion

    Used in creep resistant steels with

    Cr, Mo & V

    Heat exchangers

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    NIOBIUM

    Melting point: 2468 C

    High resistant to oxidation Used in nuclear reactors

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    COBALT

    High corrosion resistant Co- 65 %, Cr 28 %, Mo 6 % & Ni 1 %

    High erosion resistant

    Used in high speed tools

    Hard facing

    Gas turbine vanes. Carbide cutting tools.

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