3-WheelDumpTruck PM FM47

8/6/2019 3-WheelDumpTruck PM FM47

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FEEJEE

An All-PurposeDump Truck

Feejee—Built by Don W.Street, a California poultryrancher, takes its name froma contraction of the wordsFeed and Jeep.

Comparative size of truck is shown by man in seat. Half-bodyis used for hauling sacked grain and items not in bulk

ANDY around the poultryfarm, the dairy barn, in the

feedlot and in industrial plants,

this capable midget dump truck has the capacity for half-ton loads,weighs 600 lbs. empty and has atread width of only 31 in. A 3-hp.air-cooled engine drives throughtwo standard automobile trans-missions hooked up in tandem,thus giving a wide variation ingear ratios for the heavy pulls. Apower-driven hydraulic lift, sep-arate foot brakes on the rearwheels and a foot accelerator com-bine to give a degree of controlequal to that of any standard dumptruck. The narrow width lets themidget through small gates andfeed-bunk alleys and its ability toturn in its own length gets itaround square corners and intoand out of narrow driveways witha full load.

Some departures from the de-sign as detailed are possible. A 3or 5-hp. engine equipped with in-tegral clutch will save building thespring-loaded clutch arrangementshown. Where the going is fairlylevel and there are no steep gradesto negotiate regularly, a 3-hp. en-gine driving through a singletransmission will give satisfactoryperformance. Two types of sidepanels are fitted to the platformto provide three body types: a half box, a flat bed and a deep double

With the sides removed the flat bed can be used to haul bulkyarticles such as baled hay, lumber or large crates

With box-body half a ton of feed or fertilizer can be hauled.Hydraulic cylinders hoist the body to the dumping position

H



box, with, endgates, for small grains, ensi-lage or ground feeds. Side panels are madeof white pine or waterproof plywood andfitted with hardwood cleats and stakesspaced to fit openings in the platform. Bothcleats and stakes are riveted to the panelsfor extra strength. Endgates are of the same

construction, and wagon-box, rods cut downto the proper length are provided to holdthe endgates in place.

Only general dimensions are given forthe frame, Fig. 1. Parts of a Model T Fordframe are used, as will be noted. However,

you can use steel channels for the frameside members and save welding on stiff-eners, which are called for in Fig. 1. Inbuilding the chassis frame it is necessaryto adapt it to the parts and equipment youhave available or at hand. The frame shouldbe long enough to accommodate engine,

clutch, two transmissions, hydraulic pumpand the rear axle. If you use the sameequipment as on the original vehicle, theframe dimensions will correspond closelyto those given in Fig. 1. Assembly of thedriving parts is illus-



trated in the perspectiveview in Fig. 3. Main-frame channels are cutand welded to form the"kick-up" forward por-tion. Stiffeners of flatsteel are welded along theb o t t o m o f t he straightsection to give additionalrigidity. A steel floorplate is welded to the frontend, with a round openingto receive the steering-post bearing. Seat frameis built up of 1/8 by 1 1/2 by1 1/2-in. angle iron withall joints welded. Thisshould be dimensioned toaccommodate the cushions you will use.

Supports for engine, transmissions, etc.,are located where required, and a shaftcarrying the lower eye bearings of the hy-draulic cylinders is supported by bearingswelded to the side frames as shown. Placethe transmissions, engine and other partsin position and from this trial set-up de-termine the location of supporting mem-bers on the frame. Don't weld frame cross-members in place until you make this trialassembly. Using an engine with an inte-

gral clutch, Fig. 3, A, will change the rela-tive positions of these parts. Provide for atow hook at the rear end of the frame andinstall guides for brake cables on each side.The cables should be located after brakepedals are installed. Holes are drilled in theextreme rear ends of the channel members

to receive the bolts on which the dumpbody hinges.Relative locations of the parts, when

using a spring-loaded clutch, Fig. 3, D, canbe worked out on the partially completedframe. Generally, it's best to begin by bolt-



ing the rear axle in position and then work back to the engine. The angle of the driveshaft is determined by the height of the crank-shaft above the center of the rear axle, Fig. 2.With the frame blocked up, the axle is bolteddirectly to the frame, under the channelsand at the ends of the stiffeners as shown. U-bolts made from 3/8-in. round rods will serveto hold the axle in place. In the original job aWillys rear-axle assembly is used and thetread is narrowed to 31 in. by cutting out a12-in. section of the housing and 11 1/2 in. of the live axles on each side as in Fig. 3, detailF. The ends of the axles then are turned ina lathe as shown in the detail and welded, asis the housing. A coupling to connect with therear transmission—in this case a Buick transmission— is made as shown. Anysimilar coupling will be satisfactory if adifferent make of transmission is used. Inorder that the tops of the transmissions willclear the bottom of the body, it isnecessary to mount them at an angle as inFig. 3, C.The second transmission, taken from a Gra-ham car, was originally fitted with an emer-gency brake, the drum of which is utilized todrive the hydraulic pump through a frictionpulley, Fig. 3, detail G. Next comes the clutchassembly, shown in Fig. 3, details D and E. Onthe original job this was made especially forthe purpose. The driving disk is faced withclutch facing and is fitted with an oil-

impregnated bearing in whichthe drive shaft turns when theclutch is disengaged. The clutchthrow-out arm is fitted withrollers which bear against aflange on the driven disk.Foot pedals may be practicallyany standard automobile clutchor foot-brake type and arelinked up as shown in Fig. 3.

Gearshift levers are mounted ona frame crossmember asindicated. Link bars are bent toclear the body. The brake shaftis fitted with a ratchet foot-operated lock, Fig. 3, B. Agear-type hydraulic pump ismounted on the frame asindicated. The leather-facedpulley on the pump shaftcontacts the emergency brakedrum, and is thrown into andout of contact by a hand leverwith a ratchet. The ratchetlever and bell-crank linkagewhich controls the pump isshown in position in Fig. 3.

Fluid is drawn from the hy-draulic storage tank and de-livered to two hydraulic cyl-inders through flexible tubing.

Narrow tread and single-wheel steering permitsuse in close quarters

Independent brakes on rear wheels are operated by separate pedalswhich can be locked to hold truck on a grade



FEEJEE-AN ALL-PURPOSE

THE upper ends of the hydraulic-cylinder

plungers are mounted as in Fig. 4, B, andthe platform is pivoted at the rear end of the truck frame in the manner shown.For a high lift of the truck body, thehydraulic lift units are lengthened byremoving the upper head and plungerguide and substituting a longer cylinderof seamless steel tubing and longer bolts.Dimensions of the steel platform or bedare given in Fig. 4, details C and D. Allparts which comprise the platform arewelded together, as strength and rigidity

are necessary in this unit. The overall sizeas detailed was found to be the most prac-tical for all ordinary purposes and, due tothe low center of gravity, there is littledanger of tipping even with comparatively

high, bulky loads. When you have heavyparts or materials to load you'll appreciatethe low platform. The full-box and half-box body were referred to in the first in-stallment of this story, and dimensionswere suggested for these parts. Of course,either or both of the boxes can be alteredto suit any special requirements.

The next step is the mounting of the rear-wheel disks on the brake drums of the rearaxle. Refer to Part I, Fig. 3, detail F, whichshows how the wheel disks are welded to



DUMP TRUCK the brake drums. As you can see from Fig.4, the wheels are 4 by 8 by 16 in. in size andare fitted with 4-ply pneumatic tires. Two-ply tires in the same size will not be satis-factory for the purpose except perhaps

for very light loads. Although it is possibleto bolt the 8-in. wheel disks to the originalaxle-wheel flanges by means of spacers,this method is not as satisfactory as weld-ing the disks to the drums. As a rule, wheeldisks of the type used consist of two halvesheld together with bolts and, as these willbe inaccessible after the disks are weldedto the drums, it's a good idea to weld thebolt heads beforehand to prevent themfrom loosening or turning. Care must betaken when welding the disks in place to

As you see here, the truck has a comfortable spring

cushioned seat mounted on an angle-iron frame

assure true-running wheels. Even a slightwobble will result in undue wear on thetires. The drums should be cleaned thor-oughly before reassembling and, if neces-sary, the brake shoes should be relined.

Another welding job calling for the samecare and precision is the assembly of thefront-wheel fork, bearing and steeringpost. Details of this assembly are shown atE and F in Fig. 4. The front wheel is thesame size as the rear wheels, but of coursethe hub and bearings are retained. The

wheel fork is made from 1 1/8-in. seamlesssteel tubing bent to the shape indicated.The ends are flattened before bending andare drilled to take a steel shaft having bothends shouldered and threaded for nuts andlock washers. This work can be done in alathe. When mounting the wheel in thefork it may be necessary to use spacers atboth ends of the hub. Short lengths cutfrom ordinary iron pipe will do, but thespacers must be a close fit on the shaft andthe length must be such that the hub of thewheel has about 1/16 in. end play whenthe assembly is complete. The hub shouldbe provided with a pressure grease fitting.A steering-post bearing, Fig. 4, E, isadapted from a Ford front-wheel hub and

the steering shaft is made up from a lengthof the live axle which was removed fromthe rear-axle assembly when cutting itdown to a narrower tread. One end of thisshaft is drilled and tapped to screw overthe threaded end of the spindle, to whichit is

■ ■ ■ ' : - ■ ■ 55

FORK CANTED 114"



making the assembly thewheel fork is welded to theend of the spindle and whenmaking this weld care mustbe taken to cant the fork back 1 1/2 in. at the lowerend. This arrangementgives the wheel theproper caster for stabilityand ease of steering. Beforeassembling the steeringcolumn completely, ream theouter end of the hub cap to aclose fit over the steeringshaft to keep out dirt andgrit. Provide a pressuregrease fitting forconvenient lubrication of the bearing. When as-sembled in the t ruck frame it's important thatthe wheel, fork and steeringcolumn stand on aperpendicular center line asin detail F, Fig. 4. If thewheel is off-center or thecolumn cants in relation tothe frame, the truck willnot steer properly. As thefinal step in theconstruction you have theseat frame, Fig. 4, andperhaps a few minor ad-

justments of pedals andcontrol levers to assurethat everything is inworking order. The seatcan be just about any-

thing thatsuits you individually so

long as it is safely constructed and servesthe purpose. By fitting cushions from anordinary auto seat in the angle-iron seat

frame you finish up with something likethat shown in several of the photos.And finally, although the truck will run

just as well without painting, a coat of outdoor enamel will add to itsappearance and keep off the rust.

pinned as indicated. The opposite end of the shaft is machined and threaded to take

a 16 or 18-in.-dia. steering wheel. Usuallya steering wheel of this type is keyed to thesteering shaft with a semicircular or "half-moon" key. This work can be done in yourlocal machine shop. The wheel-mountingflange is bolted to the floor plate of thetruck frame when assembly is made. In

When fitted with the full-box body the truck will handle loose grain,ensilage, ground feeds or any small, loose parts of either metal or weed

For a higher body lift the original hydraulic cylinders are easily lengthenedwith seamless steel tubing of the same diameter and longer stay bolts

3-WheelDumpTruck PM FM47

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