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Syndicate 7

Bhanu GargGeken EtteRomitaRazdan

Jitender Singh

Jitendar YadavAnkit Anand

The PON

Story

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Backhaul is the process of transmitting information to a central point fromwhich it can be distributed over a network.

Backhaul services allow telecommunications carriers and Internet service providers to aggregate data (such as Internet traffic and phone calls) to a

centralised location in a town or region, then connect that location toeven bigger sites (hubs).

Backhaul services: carry traffic in bulk for telecommunications carriers often connect traffic across long distances usually carry traffic on a "point-to-point" basis, without making complex switching

decisions about where to send the traffic

BACKHAULBACKHAUL

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SCALABILITY REQIREMENTS Improved customer scalability IP transport Base stations Base station site interconnect technology

Resiliency Requirements Stability Predictable low latency data transmission Multi-vendor interoperability Optimized bandwidth plan

Economic requirements Cost effective Simplified provisioning Automated network monitoring

RequirementsRequirements

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BACKHAULBACKHAUL

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Backhaul in uncoveredBackhaul in uncoveredareasareas

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Alternative BackhaulAlternative Backhaul

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There are two types of Optical Networks

1.Active Optical Network [ AON ]

2.Passive Optical Network [ PON ]

PON Standards

1. APON ATM PON2. BPON BROADBAND PON3. EPON ETHERNET PON4. GPON GIGABIT PON

TYPES OF OPTICALTYPES OF OPTICALNETWORKSNETWORKS

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1.IT IS A POINT TO POINT NETWORK STRUCTURETHAT MEANS EACH SUBSCRIBER HAS ITSOWN FIBRE OPTIC LINE.

2. IT REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY

PLUS BATTERY FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES.3. BANDWITH ALLOCATED CAN BE BETWEEN100Mbps TO 1Gbps.

4. IT LASTS UPTO RANGE OF 70 Km WITHOUT

REPEATERS.

ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK

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1.IT IS THE LEADING TECHNOLOGY USED IN FTTx

DEPLOYMENT.2.IT A POINT TO MULTIPOINT [P2MP] TOPOLOGY ANDUSES SINGLE OPTICAL FIBRE TO SERVE MULTIPLEPREMISES USUALLY BETWEEN 32 TO 128.

3. MAXIMUM RANGE IS UTO 20 Km

4.IT IS UPTO CUSTOMERS SYSTEM TO DETERMINEWHICH PACKETS ARE FOR THAT PARTICULAR CUSTOMER AND THE REST ARE DISCARDED.

5.IT HAS TOTAL CAPACITY OF 2.5Gbps.6.IT USES WDM FOR TRANSMITTING DIFFERENT

WAVELENTHS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK

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CC OMPARISON OF AON Vs PONOMPARISON OF AON Vs PON AON

1.BANDWIDTH IT HAS AN EDGE BECAUSEOF ITS FLEXIBILITY WITH

RANGE BETWEEN100Mbps AND 1Gbps.

2.RISK OFEAVESDROPPING

DUE TO DEDICATED FIBRENETWORK IT IS NOTPOSSIBLE.

PON

IT HAS BANDWIDTH OF78Mbps WITH 1:32SPLITTER AND 39 Mbps

WITH 1:64 SPLITTER.

THE DATA IS ENCRYPTEDSTILL IT IS POSSIBLE TODO SO.

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AON

3.RELIABILITY OF

SUBSCRIBER LINE IF CONNECTION IS CUTHERE SEVERAL OPTICSARE INTERRUPTED ANDREQUIRE TO BE REPAIRD.

4. COST OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

HIGH BECAUSE OFGREATER NUMBER OFSUBSCRIBER INTERFACES.

PON

IN THIS CASE ONLY ONEOPTICAL FIBRE HAS TO BEMAINTAINED.

LOW AS ONLY ONE OLT ISSHAREDBY n NUMBER OFSUBSCRIBERS BECAUSE OFPASSIVE SPLITTER USED.

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AON

5. SPACE REQUIRED BYCABLE

HIGH BECAUSE OF POINTTO POINT CONNECTION.

6.LEVEL OF MAINTENANCE IT IS HIGH BECAUSE ITREQUIRES EXTERNALPOWER SUPPLY PLUSTO SUPPLY EMERGENCYELECTRICITY.

PON

LOW BECAUSE A SINGLECABLE CAN BE UTILIZEDFROM 32 UPTO 128SUBSCRIBERS.

IT IS LOW BECAUSE ITMAKES USE OF PASSIVESPLITTERS.

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AON

7 . RANGE IT CAN BE USED UPTORANGE OF 70Km WITHOUTREPEATERS

8. BACKHAUL A NORMAL AN SUBSCRIBER INTERFACE CAN ALSO BEUSED FOR BACKHAULJOBS.

PON

IT CAN BE USED UPTORANGE OF ONLY 20Km.

A PON INTERFACE BOARDCAN ONLY BE USED FOR BACKHAUL JOBS.

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AON

9. TRIPLE PLAY IT PROVIDES ADDITIONALBANDWIDTH RESERVESFOR TRIPLE PLAY.

10.ADDITIONALSERVICES -IT CAN BE ADOPTED TO SUITFOR INDIVIDUALREQUIREMENTS.

PON

THE USUAL BANDWIDTHFOR TRANSMITTING HDTVCHANNELS IS NOTSUFFICIENT.

THE INFLEXIBLEBANDWIDTH MANAGEMENTIS A PROBLEM.

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Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network Protocol.EPON is IEEE 802.3ah standard.EPON uses point to multipoint network topologyFocuses on fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-curb

(FTTC) solutionsLong term objective - FTTH

EPONEPONEthernet Passive Optical Network Ethernet Passive Optical Network

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It Extends the earlier BPONBPON systems are based upon ATM as the bearer protocol.

Downstream transmission is continuous ATM stream at a bitrate of 155Mbps to 622 Mbps.

Upstream transmission is in form of burst ATM cells, with arate of 155 Mbps.

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EPONEPON

,upports only one bit rate the symmetrical,upports only one bit rate the symmetrical. / . .25 1 25 Gbps/ . .25 1 25 Gbps

, . .argeted for the access market i e FTTH, . .argeted for the access market i e FTTH

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OLT ONT

Provides the interfacebetween the PONand the serviceproviders networkservices.

Responsible forallocating upstreambandwidth to theONTs. Because theoptical distribution

network (ODN) isshared, ONTupstreamtransmissions couldcollide.

Present on the userside, terminates thePON and also checkswhich data belong towhich node.

Performs an auto-

discovery processwhich includesranging and theassignment of bothLogical Link IDs andbandwidth.

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Access MethodAccess Method

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Ethernet Frame EPONEthernet Frame EPONFrameFrame

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EPON DownstreamEPON Downstream

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TDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing theTDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing thesignal into diff time slots.signal into diff time slots. TDM : digital multiplexing technique for combing several low-rate channelsTDM : digital multiplexing technique for combing several low-rate channelsinto one high rate channelinto one high rate channel TDMA is a type of TDMA is a type of Time-division multiplexingTime-division multiplexing , with the special point that, with the special point thatinstead of having oneinstead of having one transmittertransmitter connected to oneconnected to one receiverreceiver , there are, there aremultiple transmitters.multiple transmitters.

TDMA TDM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing

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It is currently one of the fastest access technologies toattract market interest.

GPON combines the BW, quality, and reach of fiber optics

with the service Flexibility of IP to provide a triple playservices over a common infrastructure.

It is a integral part of a full service broadband architecture,which is designed to meet the needs of full mobile

convergence and next generation networks acrossresidential and enterprise service offerings

GPONGPONGigabit Capable Passive Optical Network Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network

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OLT

CentralOffice IP N/Ws

CATV overlayservices

Video/Audio over IP services

Other Networks

ManagementSystem

1:32(64) Optical Splitter PON

ONU

ONU

ONUTDM

TDMA

Video

Data

Voice

PABX

Data

0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logicalreach supported by protocol)

2GBTS

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Current GPON system operate with a bandwidth

of 2.5 Gbps towards the subscriber(Downstream)and 1.25 Gbps towards the corenetwork(Upstream) on an OLT port

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GPON uses WDM(wave length division multiplexing) toprovide bi-directional services on a single fiber.

Downstream service is transmitted between 1480-1500nm, and Upstream bandwidth between 1260-1360nm.

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GPON is based on the Generic Framing Procedure(GFP)for handling TDM, ATM and ETH based traffic withoutadditional encapsulation protocol.

This leads to a bandwidth efficiency of up to 93% (inBPON only 70% BW efficiency is reached).

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No power

Scalability and FlexibilityBandwidth utilizationSplit ratio 1:32/1:64Can be deployed in many network

architectureSupports mobile backhaulAllows mobile users to use same fiber

Reduces the number of cables used.

AdvantagesAdvantages

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Comparison

EPON Vs GPON

ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON

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Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 GbpsUpstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 GbpsSplit Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32

Distance 60 Km 20 KmOverall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ

scrambling ( no encoding),Overhead 8%

51% asa result of:8B/10B encoding(20%) ,Overhead(8%)

Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 MbpsDownwardWavelength

1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm

UpwardWavelength

1310 nm 1310 nm

Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 SeriesTransmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM EthernetTDM Support TDM over Native, TDM

over ATM, TDM over Packet

TDM over Packet

Security AES 128 bit Encryption NoneQoS Features Inherent Not Inherent

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ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON

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Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 GbpsUpstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 GbpsSplit Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32

Distance 60 Km 20 KmOverall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ

scrambling ( no encoding),Overhead 8%

51% asa result of:8B/10B encoding(20%) ,Overhead(8%)

Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 MbpsDownwardWavelength

1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm

UpwardWavelength

1310 nm 1310 nm

Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 SeriesTransmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM EthernetTDM Support TDM over Native, TDM

over ATM, TDM over Packet

TDM over Packet

Security AES 128 bit Encryption External IPSECQoS Features Inherent Not Inherent

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Bandwidth UtilizationBandwidth Utilization

OverallEfficiency 10%TDM, 90% DataEPON 51%GPON92%

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For both protocolsthe Overhead

section is onlyrequired in theupstream direction.This facilitates clock

and data recovery atthe OLT, whichreceives the bursttransmissions from

the ONTs.

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In EPON, the LLID essentially designates aparticular ONT. In GPON, the Port IDdesignates not just an ONT but also aparticular service (e.g. VoIP, IPTV, etc.)

within that ONT. This is profound because even at this lowest

layer we see that GPON can differentiate,and therefore prioritize, at the lowest layerof the protocol stack, any service within itspayload.

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PLI (payload length indicator)PTI (payload type indicator).

PLI field specifies the length of the payload. This is critical for scheduling algorithms,which in turn are critical to QoS.

The PTI is a 3-bit field used to indicatewhether special handling is required forthe associated payload.

Another Qos Feature of GPONAnother Qos Feature of GPON

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FragmentationFragmentation

In the upper half longer low-priority frame(frame #1 in the figure) causes a smallhigh-priority frame (#2) to be delayed,which causes jitter

Lower part shows fragmentationwhere the transmission of the low-priority

frame (#1) is started at the same instant asin the upper figure but its transmission istemporarily halted to allow the high-

priority frame (#2) to be transmitted.

Provide high bandwidthefficiency and low latency for

time-sensitivetraffic.

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FramingFraming

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VLAN Tags for QoSVLAN Tags for QoS

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GPONs significant cost advantage

GPON offers up to a 2.6:1 OLT advantage

Advantage Advantage GPON !!!GPON !!!

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Gigabit PON -> greater bandwidth and

functionality

Ethernet PON -> benefits from maturity.

The ubiquity of Ethernet tends to favour EPON in

the long run

"GPON has the backing of some of the largest

carriers in the world," - Steve Kemp, senior

director, Alcatel

GPON VS EPONGPON VS EPONEverything except TechnologyEverything except Technology

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Established carriers need to terminate theirlegacy traffic

The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all

about timing

GPON VS EPONGPON VS EPONEverything except TechnologyEverything except Technology

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Reference:- Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tannenbaum

GPON EPON

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Established carriers need to terminate their legacytraffic

The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all about

timing

The choice of PON will be resolved based on which

technology best meets their fundamental quest

"What these people want is to make money and

increase ARPU. It is very hard to beat Ethernet."

GPON vs. EPONGPON vs. EPONEverything except TechnologyEverything except Technology

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PON vs. DSLPON vs. DSL

PON DSL

New installation of fiber, can beexpensive

Offers more bandwidthat longer distances

Shares bandwidthamong active users

Digital TV as well asIPTV

Encrypts all packets

Already installedcopper wiresLess bandwidth, at

lower rangeNo sharing of

bandwidthOnly IPTVEncryption not

required

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PON + DSL (VDSL)FTTHFTTBFTTN

PON vs with DSLPON vs with DSL

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PON vs. SONETPON vs. SONET

PON SONET

No active elementCost effective solutionas a shorthaulcollector loop

Low initial costAsymmetricBroadcast OC-12(622

Mbps) and accessOC-3(155Mbps)upstream

More fault tolerant

Active optical networkSONET rings optimizedfor longhaul and MANinfra

Requires installation of

all nodes upfrontSymmetrical.OC-12 SONET link all

the line cards musthave an OC-12

interface

N C titi !!!!!N C titi !!!!!

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PON does not compete with SONETCan use SONET compatible interfacesPON can serve as a feeder

No Competition !!!!!No Competition !!!!!

C lid dC lid t d PONPON

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PON with SONETPON with VDSLPON with DOCSIS

Consolidated Consolidated PONPON Advantage Advantage ALLALL

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BUTBUTThats not theThats not the

entire story entire story

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PON vs ACTIVE ETHERNETPON vs ACTIVE ETHERNET

Advantage PON Disadvantage PON

Initial installation cost Reach limited bydistanceScalabilityBandwidth

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PON deployments - constant evaluation of acomplex set of tradeoffs and compromises

Less than 32 subscribers within an ONU

serving radius ,the CPS is high

More than 32 subscribers within an ONUserving radius , second OLT port must bedeployed, resulting ina high CPS

CPS : The imp.CPS : The imp. figurefigure

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Customer requires service outside an existingONU serving radius, a new OLT port must bedeployed, resulting in high CPS

If customers outside the 20-km OLT servingarea require service, a new OLT must bedeployed, resulting in higher CPS

Deploying PON with lower split ratios results inmore available bandwidth , but increasesthe cost-basis , of the solution as the OLT portis shared among fewer ONUs.

CPS : The imp.CPS : The imp. figurefigure

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Capital expenses coincident with subscriberacquisition.

Powered sites in an active network greater than a

passive network deployment, but by

Cost Compensation

Active EthernetActive Ethernet

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Why Why ACTIVE ETHERNET ?ACTIVE ETHERNET ?

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FFTXFFTX(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA)(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA)

Market RealitiesMarket RealitiesIDATE predicts 140 million subscribers by2014

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Dec2008, 48 million subscriber world wideAsia pacific region(Japan & Korea) 22.7million

United states- 16%

Europe -5%61% of the Architecture is on FTTH/B20 years time frame before profit realization

starts

EPON in Asia/Pacific regionGPON in Europe and North America

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Japan with 13.1 million subscriber has thelargest number of ultra-high-speed Internetusers in the world(10.30% penetration)

South Korea with 6million subscriber has

12.40% penetrationAmerica, with an annual growth rate of 90%is the fastest growing FTTH/B market in theworld

In Europe smaller scandinavian countriesare leading in FTTH

In England it is 0%.......?????

FTTH penetration in EuropeFTTH penetration in Europe

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FTTH penetration in EuropeFTTH penetration in Europe June 2009 June 2009

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BSNL inks FTTH deal with Sterlite , In a dealworth INR3.72 billion (USD77 million) Sterlitewill deploy Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON ) technology

BSNL chairman and MD Kuldeep Goyal also said

that the telco expects that up to 5% of allIndian households could have access to FTTHservices by 2011, with IPTV acting as one of the key drivers for uptake

the upcoming Passive Optical Networking (PON)equipment market in India was a US$ 5.6market in 2008 with a growth rate of awhopping 2800 % over 2007

Currently India's share of the total APEJ

http://www.c114.net/keyword/GPONhttp://www.c114.net/keyword/GPON

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Currently India's share of the total APEJ(Asia Pacific excluding Japan) market is6.6 percent and is expected to grow at aCAGR of 99.2 % over the period 2007-2013.

In India, Freescale Semiconductor haslaunched the industry's first voice-enabledGPON. The company, along with Alcatel-Lucent, is facilitating the adoption of FTTHtechnologies by availing jointly developedGPON technology

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ChallengesChallenges

Reduction in development costIncrease the penetration levelLong time span before the benefit can be

reapedMost importantly, demand for the

technology

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EPON vs. GPON ???????No clear winnerStandards still in development modeNGN PON talks about consolidationOne thing for sure..

The End StoryThe End Story

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU