20120612 fablab arnhem fabclass 3 d printing

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3-D printen 11 juni 2012 door: Frans de Jong @FabLab Arnhem
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FabLab Arnhem organizes Free FabClasses about various subjects which are significant for our FabLab visitors. For example: sales, finance, branding, 3d printing, businessconcepts, etc. Look at www.fablabarnhem.nl for the next one.

Transcript of 20120612 fablab arnhem fabclass 3 d printing

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3-D printen11 juni 2012

door: Frans de Jong@FabLab Arnhem

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Workshop 3-D printen

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3-D printen

Vanuit een computermodel in lagen opbouwen

van unieke drie-dimensionale producten

Frans de Jong

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Een toekomstbeeld

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=CP1oBwccARY#t=0s

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ProgrammaRandom onderwerpen• Rondje kennismaken; wie , wensen?• Generieke werkwijze Rapid prototyping / Manufacturing• Overzicht technieken met Specifieke toepassingen • Voorbeeldproducten • Links / video’s• Materialen• Creative Commons• Business (Materialise, 3-D worknet, Freedom of Creation, Shapeways, ??)• Je eigen 3-D printer bouwen

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Rapid prototyping / ManufacturingHet proces van idee naar product

is in principe steeds hetzelfde

Voorbeeld stereolithografie

Het product wordt laag voor laag “additief” opgebouwd.

3D model Maakprogram 3D product

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Direct of indirect

• Direct– Een eindproduct printen

• Indirect– Een mal of matrijs printen, waarmee één of

meerdere producten kunnen worden gemaakt door bv. gieten

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Stereolithografie (SLA)Stereolithographic 3D printers position a perforated platform just below the surface of a vat of liquid photocurable polymer. A UV laser beam then traces the first slice of an object on the surface of this liquid, causing a very thin layer of photopolymer to harden. The perforated platform is then lowered very slightly and another slice is traced out and hardened by the laser. Another slice is then created, and then another, until a complete object has been printed and can be removed from the vat of photopolymer, drained of excess liquid, and cured. Stereolithographic printers remain one of the most accurate types of hardware for fabricating 3D output, with a minimum build layer thickness of only 0.06mm (0.0025 of an inch).

videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUfh5wxj3qA&feature=endscreen&NR=1

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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)Here a semi-liquid material -- and most usually a hot thermoplastic -- is extruded from a temperature-controlled print head to produce fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy. A key benefit of this technique is that objects can be made of out of exactly the same thermoplastics used in traditional injection moulding.

In addition to being used to output plastic objects, FDM printers have also been developed that can output other semi-liquid materials. The applications are already quite diverse, and range from food printers that can print in cake icing, cheese or chocolate, to concrete printers that may in future allow entire buildings (or large parts thereof) to be 3D printed.

Within a decade developments in synthetic biology

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Polyjet MatrixAs an alternative to FDM, a company called Objet has developed a process called Polyjet Matrix. This jets two liquid photocurable polymers from a 96 nozzle print head. Each object layer is cured by a UV light immediately it has been printed. One of the key benefits of this process is that is allows printing to take place in multiple materials simply by varying the combination of the photocurable polymers jetted from the print head. You can learn more about this very impressive technology in this video.

• Fotopolymeer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=m5scCMxuciY#t=11s

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multi-jet modelling (MJM)Builds up objects from successive layers of powder, with an inkjet print head used to spray on a binder solution that selectively glues only the required granules together. Some MJM printers -- such as the ZPrinter 450 from ZCorp -- can spray on four different colours of binder solution, so permitting them to create full-colour 3D objects at up to 600x540dpi.

• Zcorp “Brain”tandwiel– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICh0MrT9Liw

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Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) This builds objects by laying down a fine layer of powder and then using a laser to selectively fuse some of its granules together. At present, SLS 3D printers can output objects using a wide range of powdered materials. These include wax, polystyrene, nylon, glass, ceramics, stainless steel, titanium, aluminium and various alloys including cobalt chrome. During printing, non-bonded powder granules support the object as it is constructed. Once printing is complete, almost all excess power is able to be recycled.

You can use laser sintering to produce wax objects that are then sacrificed in a traditional lost-wax casting process. Here, once the wax object has been 3D printed a plaster mould is poured around it. When heated, the wax then melts and is poured away, after which a liquid metal can be poured in. Once this cools the plaster is removed, leaving a metal object that -- in some senses -- began its life on a 3D printer.

You can use laser sintering to produce ceramic moulds directly from a digital model and use it for metal casting – again the metal object starts on a 3D printer.

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Selective Heat Sintering (SHS)• SHS™ and Printer Features• SHS™ technology uses a thermal printhead as opposed to a laser in SLS machines• The thermal printhead applies heat on layers of thermoplastic powder in the build

chamber• Free forming of any complex geometry (minimum wall thickness is 1 mm)

http://www.blueprinter.dk/shs.html

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direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)When SLS is used to directly produce metal objects the process is also called direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Metal objects created by a DMLS 3D printer are about 99.99 per cent dense, and hence can be used in place of traditional metal parts in the vast majority of applications.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Px6RSL9Ac&feature=related

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3D metal printing 3D metal printing is used to directly produce (stainless steel) metal objects. Metal objects are created by jetspraying a binder solution on a layer of metal powder that selectively glues only the required granules together. After this process phase the object is porous and fragile. The holes are in phase 2 infused with a bronze powder under heat (over 2.000 °C), which gives the objects its strength.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Px6RSL9Ac&feature=related

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selective laser melting (SLM) en selective heat sintering (SHS)

A closely related 3D printing technique to SLS is known as selective laser melting (SLM). This uses a laser to fully melt the powder granules that form a final object, rather then just heating them enough to fuse them together. As yet another variant, a technique called selective heat sintering (SHS) uses a thermal print head -- rather than a laser -- to apply heat to successive layers of a thermoplastic powder

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Metalen printen • Direct

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8MaVaqNr3U&feature=related

• Indirect: zandvorm door 3-D printen, daarna metaalgieten http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8MaVaqNr3U&feature=related

– http://www.3trpd.co.uk/dmls/

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Model van internet halen

• Op www zijn vele modelen te up- en downloaden (al dan niet tegen betaling)– www.Thingiverse.com– http://www.kraftwurx.com/– http://cubify.com/– http://3dprintingmodel.com/marketplace/

indexMarketPlace.php

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Hoe kom ik aan een 3-D print

• Uitbesteden bij snel groeiend aantal bedrijven– http://www.freedomofcreation.com/– http://www.materialise.com/ – http://www.shapeways.com/– http://www.3dworknet.com/

• Zelf maken in een Fablab!

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Achtergrondinformatie in links

• Tandtechniek http://www.envisiontec.de/index.php?id=80 • Overzicht http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html • Overzicht http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3d_printing_directory.html• h ttp://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D-printer

• http://www.deondernemer.nl/deondernemer/548043/3D-Printen-voor-iedereen.html• http://www.envisiontec.de/index.php?id=80 • http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/30605

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