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Sustainable Entrepreneurship - about the role of entrepreneurship for the

professions -

Symposium Duurzame stad van de toekomstScience in Practice, 4 juni 2010

Dr. Peter van der SijdeDepartment of Organization Science Faculty of Social Sciences

Duurzaam Ondernemen (1)

'Ik wil eigenlijk werk doen dat maatschappelijk relevant is‘

Als betrokken onderneming streeft McDonald’s naar duurzaam ondernemerschap op gebieden als zorg voor het milieu, dierenwelzijn en voedselveiligheid.

Securitas is al sinds jaar en dag actief bezig met maatschappelijk verantwoord ondernemen. Ons werk op het gebied van duurzaam ondernemen moet doeltreffend, realistisch en winstgevend zijn. We geven prioriteit aan zaken die dicht bij onze dienstverlening staan, die een zo groot mogelijke impact hebben en die binnen onze macht liggen om er invloed op uit te oefenen. Wij nemen stap voor stap maatregelen om beter om te gaan met milieuproblemen en maatschappelijke kwesties.

Duurzaam Ondernemen richt zich op de toekomst: in wat voor samenleving willen wij leven, in welke relatie met elkaar, met mensen in ontwikkelingslanden en met de natuur? En hoe willen we dat toekomstige generaties op ons terug kijken? Wat zijn de grote uitdagingen die om toekomstgericht ondernemerschap vragen? Hoe zullen we die met elkaar, lokaal en regionaal aanpakken?

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Duurzaam Ondernemen (2)

Duurzaam Ondernemen Duurzame Ontwikkeling Maatschappelijk Verantwoord Ondernemen

Corporate Social Responsibility Sustainable Development

Social Enterprise, Sociaal OndernemenGrayson and Hodges: Corporate Social

Responsibility or Responsible Entrepreneurship

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Ondernemerschap

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onderneem

The entrepreneurial process

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Opportunity

recognition

Preparation &

organizationExploitation

Network & institutional environment

Opportunity

recognition

Opportunity Preparation & organization

Opportunity Exploitation

Entrepreneur / Entrepreneurial Team

Businessopportunity

Opportunityscenario

Accessibleresources

Potential market

development

Resources

• Human resources

• Physical resources

• Organizational resources

• Financial resources

• Social resources

Market, what market?

• perceived market?

• potential market?

• real market?

Opportunity recognition

Opportunity preparation

Opportunity exploitation

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Fostering entrepreneurship

Enterprising individuals

Functioning and supporting entrepreneurship infrastructure

“ondernemerschapsprofessionals”

Thornthon, 1999

“ondernemers”

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Opportunity recognition

Opportunity preparation

Opportunity exploitation

Bewustwordings “structuur”

Advies “strucuur”

Incubatie infrastructuur

Groei/innovatie “structuur”

Pro

fession

alisering

Entrepreneurial process

Entrepreneurship industry

Awareness infrastructure

Advice/Consultancy infrastructure

Incubation infrastructure

Growth/ innovation infrastructure

Pro

fession

alisation

En

trepren

eursh

ip lo

bb

y

Entrepreneurship professionals (1)

Those individuals and organisations who directly seek to stimulate and support entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship and/ or who contribute to the development of well-functioning infrastructures.

Direct or indirect interaction with entrepreneurs

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Opportunity recognition

Opportunity preparation

Opportunity exploitation

Bewustwordings “structuur”

Advies “strucuur”

Incubatie infrastructuur

Groei/innovatie “structuur”

Pro

fession

alisering

Entrepreneurial process

Entrepreneurship industry

Awareness infrastructure

Advice/Consultancy infrastructure

Incubation infrastructure

Growth/ innovation infrastructure

Pro

fession

alisation

En

trepren

eursh

ip lo

bb

y

Waar staat u(w organisatie)?

Entrepreneurship professionals (2)

Policy makers (“overheden” e.a.) Innovation Centers (“Syntens”) Lawyers, administrators (“curatoren”) Bankers Educators / trainers (all levels of education) Chamber of Commerce Sector organisations (branche,

werkgever/werknemersorganisaties TTO officers

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Entrepreneurship professionals (3)

Highly educated professionals

Not trained in the domain of entrepreneurship

Limited awareness of their limitations in the

field

Ample room for improvements

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Stelling

Duurzaam ondernemerschap heeft behoefte aan professionals, die weten wat (duurzaam) ondernemerschap is, hoe dit ondersteund moet worden.

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Vraag aan u allen

Wat moeten ondernemerschapprofessionals weten over ondernemerschap?

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What should they know?

The nature of entrepreneurshipThe nature of entrepreneurial processThe entrepreneurEntrepreneurial norms and valuesStructure and composition of

entrepreneurial networksRoles and functions in entrepreneurship

infrastructure

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The nature of entrepreneurship

De-mystifying myths of entrepreneurship e-ship is seen as business – ownership e-ship is seen as engine for growth and jobs

Understand what you want to stimulate and support and why?

Stimulating self-employment may reduce entrepreneurship but improve individual well-being

Differentiate between micro- and macro-level ambitions and effects

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Roles and functions in e-ship

Awareness of their own roleKnowledge and understanding of other

rolesKnowledge and understanding of links to

entrepreneurial process

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The entrepreneur

Entrepreneurial personality who they are

Entrepreneurial cognitions What/ how they think and feel

Entrepreneurial behaviourwhat they do?

Entrepreneurial motivations what they want

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Norms and values

Opportunity driven, risk-attitudes, failure attitudes, ambitions, etc

Often opposite of norms and values of entrepreneurship professionalsFocus on rules and regulationsFocus on stability and or growth

If not align these at least try to increase awareness of differences

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networks

Focus on networking rather than networksStructure and compostion of networksFunctions in entrepreneurial processNetwork governance

Basic mechanisms

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Vraag

Wat weet u van en over ondernemerschap en waarop is dit gebaseerd?

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Entrepreneurship education

Teaching for, about or in entrepreneurship

Teaching business and non-business students

Teaching in or outside business schools

Focus on raising awareness and creating skills

and knowledge increase the number and

success of entrepreneurial ventures

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So how do we organise this?

Teaching approachesJoint or separate programsTeaching methodsLocation

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Teaching for, about or in

For they don’t have to become entrepreneurs

About Understanding mechanisms and frameworks More academic /analytical approaches

In Helps build awareness and understanding but only

in combination with the above

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Joint or separate programs

Specific target groups: Helps to focus on own role Inefficient as most topics are relevant to all target groups

Joint programs with e-ship professionals Helps build understanding of differences across professions Builds networks for infrastructure

Joint programs with future entrepreneurs Increases mutual understanding Less appealing to future entrepreneurs – or not?

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Teaching methods

Combination of theory and practice Micro, macro and meso perspectives about eship Empirical approaches to learning about specific topics

Recognizing opportunities network analysis and advice Dealing with failure

Internships? Advice trajectories?

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Location

Business school: economic and busines perspectives Less knowledgeable in institutional perspective

Science faculty innovation, commercialisation and diffusion Less knowledgeable in business, economic, instituional

perspectives

Social faculty Knowledgeable in economic, business and institutional

perspectives Less legitimacy in university infrastructure (not what you

expect)

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Further research

Evidence from our own programSearch for other cases

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Educating e-ship professionals

Opening up current programs to them might not be the best solution

- Does not appeal to the target group- Does not address the right issues- May suffer from lack of legitimacy within

disciplines

Need for specific programs!

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