1997 1997 Toyota Prius

8/14/2019 1997 1997 Toyota Prius

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1997

1997 Toyota Prius

1999

2000 Honda Insight

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2000

Toyota Prius

2001

U.S. hybrid carsales reach 20,000 annually.2002

2003 Honda Civic Hybrid (5 seat compact)

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Total U.S. hybrid sales pass 100,000

2003

2004 Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize)

2004

2005 Ford Escape Hybrid (5 seat compact SUV)

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2005 Honda Accord Hybrid (5 seat sedan)

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2005

Total U.S. hybrid sales in 2005: 205,749

2006 Lexus RX 400h (5 seat midsize SUV)

2006 Toyota Highlander (7 seat midsize SUV)

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2006 Mercury Mariner (5 seat compact SUV)

2006 Civic Hybrid (5 seat compact)

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2006 New federal tax credits for hybrids kick in

January 1—run through 2009

Toyota Camry Hybrid (5 seat midsize)

Lexus GS 450h (5 seat luxury sedan)

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June 2006 – Toyota reaches its 60,000 vehicle cap on hybrid

tax credits.

Total U.S. hybrid sales in 2006: 251,803 (22 percent growth

over 2005)2007

Nissan Altima Hybrid (5 seat midsize)

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8/14/2019 1997 1997 Toyota Prius


1. Power train 1 alone delivers power to the load.

2. Power train 2 alone delivers power to the load.

3. Both power train 1 and 2 deliver power to load at the same time.

4. Power train 2 obtains power from load (regenerative braking).

5. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1.

6. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1 and load at the same

Time.

7. Power train 1 delivers power to load and to power train 2 at the same

time.

8. Power train 1 delivers power to power train 2, and power train 2

delivers power to load.

9. Power train 1 delivers power to load/ and load delivers power to power

train 2.

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8/14/2019 1997 1997 Toyota Prius


SERIES HYBRID ELECTRIC DRIVE TRAINS

1. Pure electric mode

2. Pure engine mode

3. Hybrid mode4. Engine traction and battery mode

5. Regenerative braking mode

6. Battery charging mode7. Hybrid battery charging mode

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Advantages of series hybrid1. The engine is fully mechanical when

decoupled from the driven wheels.

2. Because electric motors have near-idealtorque-speed characteristic, they do notneed multi gear transmissions.

3. Simple control strategies may be used as

a result of the mechanical decouplingprovided by the electrical transmission.

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Disadvantages of series hybrid

1. The energy from the engine isconverted twice.

2. The generator adds additionalweight and cost.

3. The traction motor must be sized to

meet maximum requirements sinceit is the only power plant propellingthe vehicle.

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8/14/2019 1997 1997 Toyota Prius


• Operations• In the parallel hybrid system, vehicle propulsion is

provided by either the engine or the batteries, or, attimes by both. The engine-generator combination worksin parallel with the battery, providing electrical power tokeep the battery charged. During start-up andacceleration, the electric transmission accelerates thevehicle, whereas, once the vehicle reaches cruisingspeed, the parallel system blends both the diesel engineand the electric motor power to maintain speed. At

highway speeds, the diesel engine provides the power and charges the energy storage system (battery).

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Advantages of Parallel Hybrid

• The parallel hybrid system uses a continuously variabletransmission. The energy storage batteries are composed of nickel metal hydride (NiMH), with no overnight batterymaintenance required. The top speed for the vehicle is over

105 km/hr. The incremental weight over a conventional dieselcoach is approximately 1500 pounds.

• Parallel hybrids have advantages in stop and go and highwaycruising applications. The series hybrid system functions best

in the strictly urban environment, where buses travel in themain traffic stream, stopping and starting every block or two.

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Disadvantages of Parallel Hybrid

• While the parallel system offersadvantages in combined urban andhighway operations, it cannot be

converted to other engine options, suchas turbines or fuel cells. In addition, theparallel system requires a larger internal combustion engine than the

engine use in the series hybrid system.

8/14/2019 1997 1997 Toyota Prius


1997 1997 Toyota Prius

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