(j) PER.PUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITI ALAl ...

KBKALABADIBerita Perpustakaan Universiti Malaya

Jil. 19 bil. 1 2000 Percuma ISSN 0127-2578

MALAY MATERIALS IN THE HOUGHTON LIBRARY

Dr Ian ProudfootFaculty of Asian Studies

Australian National University

Abstract : A collection of Malay manuscripts and early imprints is available at the HoughtonLibrary, Harvard. These items were acquired during the days of the American Board ofCommissioners for Foreign Missions in Singapore. The collection should, due to earlyprovenance, serve as an important source for the study of Malay literary history and printing.

Abstrak : Satu koleksi manuskrip Melayu bersama buku-buku cetakan Melayu awal terdapatdi Perpustakaan Houghton, Harvard. Bahan-bahan ini diperolehi semasa American Board ofCommissioners for Foreign Missions bergiat di Singapura. Koleksi ini merupakan sumberpenting untuk pengajian sejarah persuratan dan percetakan Melayu memandangkan tarikbawal asal-usulnya.

The Houghton Library of HarvardUniversity is the repository of the archivesof the American Board of Commissionersfor Foreign Missions. The ABCFMmaintained a mission station in Singaporefrom 1836 to 1843. Among the missionpersonnel was the printer Alfred North,whose collaboration with Abdullah binAbdulkadir would lead to somegroundbreaking events in Malayintellectual history: the printing of SejarahMelayu, the writing and printing ofAbdullah's journal of his travels up theEast Coast to Kelantan, PelayaranAbdullah, and the writing of Abdullah'sautobiography, which would be publishedlater by another missionary, BenjaminKeasberry. The ABCFM archives havenot yet been much exploited by historiansof early nineteenth century Singapore andMalaysia.

KANDllNGAN/CONTENTS

Malay Materials in the HoughtonLibrary

Kertas Kerja PersidanganlConference Papers

Laporan PersidanganlConference Reports

Berita Ringkas/News In Brief

Hal Ehwal KakitanganlStaff Matters

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15

30

39

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Besides the rrussionary societyarchives, it was known that the HoughtonLibrary had a small collection of Malayand Bugis manuscripts. In response to arequest from Perpustakaan NegaraMalaysia (PNM), the Malay manuscriptswere microfilmed in 1989 and copies ofthe films were supplied to PNM.

In 1998, J.F. Coakley, a librarian atthe Houghton Library, contacted HajiIbrahim bin Ismail of the University ofMalaya Library, knowing of HajiIbrahim's specialist interest in the printingof the first edition of the Sejarah Melayu.He alerted Haji Ibrahim to the fact that,besides the Malay manuscripts, there wasalso a copy of the first edition of theSejarah Melayu and some other rareMalay printed books. Some of these itemswere especially interesting because theyincluded hand-written notes by AlfredNorth giving some information on howthey came to be written. In particular thesenotes cast some light on the workingrelations between North and Abdullah.

In June 1999, I was fortunate tospend a week at the Houghton Library,during which I was able to look at some ofthis material in a rather cursory fashion.Feeling that it may be useful for otherscholars if the Houghton Library's Malaymaterials were a little better known, I haveprepared the following brief survey.

* * *The Houghton Library's collection

of Malay and Bugis material is closelyrelated to another small collection in theLibrary of Congress. 1 Both derive mainly

llSee descriptions by A. Teeuw, "Malay manuscripts inthe Library of Congress", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, 123.4 (1967), pp.517-520; Harun MatPiah, "Manuskrip-manuskrip Melayu dalam KoleksiLibrary of Congress Amerika Syarikat", Sari, 5 (1987),pp.3-15. Asmah H. Ahmad,"Malay Manuscripts andNineteenth Century Printed Books in the Library ofCongress", South-East Asia Library Group Newsletter,34-35 (December 1990): 4-8; & Katalog Manuskrip

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from the ABCFM mission station inSingapore. Their materials were in both casesassembled by the missionary Alfred Northbetween 1836 and 1842 or 1843. They cameto the United States in two stages. The firsttransfer took place when Singapore wasvisited by the United States ExploringExpedition under the command of CharlesWilkes. At the end of their extensiveexplorations around the Pacific andAustralasia, ships of the Expedition stoppedin Singapore for a month in January andFebruary of 1842. North assisted theExpedition by assembling some samples ofliterature in the Malay and Bugis languages tobe taken back to Washington. Thesesubsequently came under the control of theSmithsonian Institution, and in 1865 passedto the Library of Congress. The secondshipment took place when the Singaporemission was closed in 1843, with the transferof most of its staff to China. The missionlibrary's printed books and manuscripts inSoutheast Asian languages (Malay, Bugis andIban) were shipped back to the ABCFM'smain library at its Boston headquarters, wherethey were received in 1844. In 1942 most ofthese materials were passed from the ABCFMto Harvard University, with some printedBibles and Gospels going to the nearbyAndover Newton Seminary.

The collections in the Library ofCongress and the Houghton Library are thustwo parts of the same original collection.They have some printed books in common,but only one manuscript title is duplicatedbetween them. That is Hikayat Abdullah,which was specially ordered by the WilkesExpedition during its stay in Singapore andlater sent on separately to Washington later in1843. The manuscripts in the Library ofCongress cover a wider range of subjects,while the Houghton collection is morefocussed on religious topics. This is quitefitting, of course, since the Houghton

Melayu di Library of Congress, USA, Kuala Lumpur:Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, 1993: 'Jawi 7"; A. KoharRony, "Malay Manuscripts and Early Printed Book at theLibrary of Congress", Indonesia, 52 (1991), pp. 23-134.

collection comprises the manuscriptswhich were retained in the mission library.

The most significant manuscript inthe Houghton collection may prove to beits copy of Hikayat Abdullah. The copiesin the Library of Congress and theHoughton Library are the only two knowntexts of the autobiography in its originalform, before it was revised for printing.Abdullah's own text is lost. A copy hegave to the surveyor 1.T. Thomson wastaken to New Zealand and has not yetundergone scholarly investigation. 2 TheHoughton Libary's copy seems to havebeen the copy kept in the mission library,or more likely North's personal copy. Itwas not sent back to the Bostonheadquarters of the ABCFM with the restof the mission library in 1843, but wasapparently kept by North and sentseparately. Unlike the other mansucriptsand most of the books, this one isspecifically noted as having been'Presented by Mr. A. North, 1845'. Whilefurther study of the Library of Congresscopy is required, it seems that .theHoughton Library copy may bring us closeto the original text. It has a significantnumber of corrections made in a secondhand, supplying missing words andrestoring haplographies. This is evidencethat this copy has been quite carefullychecked against its original, which Northtells us was Abdullah's own text?

There follows a list of early Malaymanuscripts and printed books held in theHoughton Library.

2A.H. Hill, The Hikayat Abdullah. An annotatedtranslation, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press,1970, pp. 22-24. H.F.O'B. Traill, "The 'Lost'Manuscript of the Hikayat Abdullah 'Munsyi'", Journalof the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,55.2 (1982): 126-134; and "A Note on the 'Lost'Manuscript of the Hikayat Abdullah 'Munsyi'", Journalof the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,57.1 (1984), pp.67-69.

3See North's note attached to MS Indo 23, below.

MANUSCRIPTSPerpustakaan Negara Malaysia has acquiredmicrofilm copies of many of the HoughtonLibrary's Malay manuscripts, and the PNMreferences are included where applicable."

MS INDO 10: SYAIRmADAT

current entry: [Sayar Ibadat]title: Syair Ibadat [= Ballad onReligiousObservance]colophon: tammatlah surat harinya Sabtu Isahaya menyurat tiadalah tentu I susahnyabanyak bukan suatu Imenjadi pikir tiadabertentu.101 pages, with 11 lines per page in parallelcolumns, with the first word of each quatrainrubricated.incompletely dated.

microfilm PNM MS 1313

MS INDO 11: NABIALLAHYUSUF

current entry: Nabi Allah Yusuptitle: Hikayat Nabi Allah Yusuf [= The Storyof the Prophet Joseph]144 pages, with 13 lines per page.notable for 'rubrication' in both red andgreen ink: green is used for the names ofprophets and kings, and for pointingrubricated Arabic text.colophon: Maka tammatlah hikayat cereteranabi Allah Yusuf anak nabi Allah Yaakubalaihi as-sallam pada hijrat al-nabiMuhammad al-rnustafa salla 'llahu 'alaihi wasallama seribu dua ratus lima puluh dua tahunpada tujuh likur hari bulan S[y]aaban hariArba' tammat adanya. Di Singapura padatujuh hari bulan Disember tahun sanat 1836[Wednesday 27 Syaaban 1252, or 7December 1836].

microfilm PNM MS 1311

MS INDO 12: BAB AL-NIKAH

current entry: Bab anikahtitle: [Bab al-Nikah, = On Marriage]

"From Manuskrip Melayu Koleksi Perpustakaan NegaraMalaysia: Satu Katalog Ringkas. Tambahan Kedua, KualaLumpur: Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, 1993, pp.24-25.

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text begins: Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim. Dan demikian lagi setengahdaripada segala hukum yang seyogyadiketahui oleh kadi akan dia hukum nikahdan segal a yang takluk dengan dia yanglagi akan sebutnya insya Allah taala. [=Whereupon will be treated, God Almightywilling, certain of the laws which shouldproperly be known by a Muslim registrar,the marriage law and additionally thatwhich flows from it].431 pages, plus 4 pages interleavedbetween [183] and [184] containing atranscription of marginal notes found onthose two pages.in several hands, with corrections andmarginal notes, many of which have beentrimmed in the binding.undated, lacks colophon.

microfilm PNM MS 1302

MS INDO 13: KIT AB FARAID I SYAIRSINDIRAN BADAN

current entry: Hukum mum-bhagi pusaka[= Law on dividing hereditary property]:this title deriving from the coverannoiation by North.The manuscript contains three texts, twoon the law of inheritance.

A (i)

titles: Kitab Fara'id [:htl, = Book onInheritance]Kitab pada menyatakan Pusaka[:bt 1, = Book expoundingHereditary Property]

22 pages, with 12 lines per page.colophon: tammat al-kitab fi syahr al-qa'dah ahad wa 'isyrina yaum fi yaum al-ahad waqt al-zuha wa fi 'l-sanat al-dal al-awwal sanat 1247 [= completed at theforenoon prayer on Sunday 21 Zulkaedah1247 in a dal awal year, i.e. 22 April1832].

A (ii)

no title; begins directly after the colophonof A (i).

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text begins: lni naskhanya [sic] yang dariBetawi [= This is the text from Batavia]23 pages, i.e. [22]-[44], in the same format asA (i).also dealing with the law of inheritance.colophon: tammat al-kalam kepada duapuluhhari bulan Zulkaedah kepada hari Arba'waktu jam pukul sebelas sanat 1247 [=completed at 11 o'clock on Wednesday 20Zulkaedah 1247, but this date does notresolve; amended to 24 Zulkedah it gives 25April 1832].

microfilm PNM MS 1312

B

title: Syair Sindiran Badan [:flyleaf, = Balladof Self-Mockery]36 numbered pages, in ruled double columns,with 12 lines per page.a conventional plaint concerning the author'spersonal suffering and loneliness; the flyleafalso includes "Sayar Sindir-an Badan" inRoman script, probably an annotation byNorth;the pages are numbered 1-37 in jawinumerals, but 20 is skipped; they wererenumbered 1-36 in Western numerals,perhaps by North.colophon: tersalin di negeri Singapura Ikepada petang hari Selasa I ketika itu bulanPuasa [= copied in Singapore on a Tuesdaymorning during the Fasting month].

microfilm PNM MS 1313

MS INDO 14: COMMONPLACE BOOK

current entry: Commonplace bookIn this notebook Abdullah bin Abdulkadir(A,B,C,G,H,I,J) and several other writershave made copies of letters, memoranda orhistorical notes. As a number of contributorsare involved, one may assume that the bookwas kept by Alfred North. The datedcontributions span the years 1837-1841.

A: CONCISE HISTORY OF MALAY -BUGISRELATIONS IN RIAU

title: Bahwa ini suatu kitab pad a menyatakansuatu perhubungan raja Melayu dan raja

Bugis adanya [=An Exposition of therelationship between the Malay and Bugisprinces]8 pages, with 12-13 lines per page.in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.an account of the agreements reachedbetween the Malay and Bugis rulers ofRiaudouble colophon:(a) tersalin dalam negeri Riau kepada duahari bulan September tahun masehi sanat1819 [= copied in Riau on 2 September1819 AD].(b) tersalin pula dalam negeri Singapurakepada sebelas hari bulan Marci tahunmasehi sanat 1837 [= copied again inSingapore on 11 March 1837].the first colophon probably refers to acopy made by Abdulkadir; the second tothe copying of the text into this book by hisson, Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.

B: MALAY GENEALOGICAL CHRONICLE

title: Bahwa ini asal keturunan raja2Melayu yang telah diringkaskan daripadakitab Sejara Melayu [= The ancestry anddescent of the Malay kings, summarisedfrom the book 'Malay Genealogy']8 pages, with 13 lines per page.in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.The text is almost identical to Ceriteraasal raja2 Melayu punya keturunan,Leiden University Cod Or. 3199(3), ofwhich R. Roolvink provides a transcriptionin "The Variant Versions of the MalayAnnals", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- enVolkenkunde, 123.3 (1967), pp.301-324.no colophon or date.

C: GENEALOGICAL CHRONICLE OFSUMENAP

title: Bahwa inilah menyatakan salasilahketurunan sampai kepada Sultan Sumenap[= An exposition of genealogical descentlines down to the Sultan of Sumenap]8 pages, with 13 lines per page.in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.

genealogical history of Sumenap (on theisland of Madura, East Java), from pre-Muslim times.double colophon:(a) tersurat dan dijadikan dalam istanakeraton negeri Sumenep pada duabelas haribulan Syawal al-mukarram hijrah sanat 1244[= composed and recorded in the court ofSumenep on the 12 Syawal 1244 AH, i.e.16/17 April 1829].(b) tersalin dalam negeri Singapura kepadatujuh hari bulan Zulhijjah tarikh sanat 1252[= copied in Singapore on 7 Zulhijjah 1252AD, i.e. 14/15 March 1837].

D: LETTER FROM SAMBAS

title: Alamat surat daripada kita PangeranPut era Negara bin Sultan Sambas barangdisampaikan Tuhan 'inda 'l-Ghaffur datangkepada sahabat tuan Robin adanya [= Letterfrom us, Pangeran Put era Negara, son of theSultan of Sambas, conveyed by the grace ofGod to our friend Mr. Robin]1 page, with a heading of 2 lines and body of8 lines.in another hand.concerning arrears of hirefor a ship.colophon: Tersurat kepada 22 hari bulanZulhijjah kepada tahun 1256 [= written on 22Zulhijjah 1256 AH, i.e. 14 February 1841].

E: LETTER TO THE RULER OF ACEH

begins: Bahwa ini surat kasih sayang tulusikhlas yang tiada berkesudahan selagi adaperedaran cakerawala matahari dan bulandaripada beta Mister Walter SuI Krikrapt [?]... kepada sahabat beta Paduka Seri SultanAlauddin Johar al-Alam Syah, YangDipertuan Aceh [= A letter of affection andsincere friendship which will endure as longas the heavens, the sun and the moon revolve,from me, Mr Walter Saul Greycroft [?] ... tomy friend, his Majesty Sultan Alauddin Joharal-Alam Syah, Lord of Aceh]3 pages, with 13-15 lines per page.in another hand.dated: [Ter]surat pada tujuhbelas hari bulanJurnadalakhir sanat 1235 tahun tammat [=

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written on 17 Jumadalakhir 1235 AR, i.e.1 April 1820 AD].

F: SYAIR CINT A BERAHI (BALLAD OFPASSIONATE LOVE)

title: Inilah Syair Cinta Berahi dikarangkanoleh seorang Peranakan Keling di dalamnegeri Melaka adanya. [= The Ballad ofPassionate Love composed by a local-bornIndian in Malacca].7 pages, comprising 25 quatrains, the lastseven being in pantun rather than syairstyle.in another hand.undated.

G: MEMORANDUM FROM ADRIAN KOEK

text begins: Bahwa ini surat dari TuanRaja Muda Adriang Kuk di dalam Melakamenyatakan bahwasanya maka adalah kitatelah pohonkan kepada Tuan Raja JanSamuel Timennan Tisan yangmemerintakan takhta kerajaan di dalamkota negeri Melaka serta segala daerahtakluknya akan Abdulkadir juru bahasaMelayu Tuan Residen yang di Riau ... [=Letter from Adrian Koek, senior councillorat Malacca declaring that a request hasbeen made to His Excellency Jan SamuelTimmerman Thijssen, Governor ofMalacca and Dependencies, concerningAbdulkadir, Malay translator to theResident of Riau ... ]2 pages, with 13 lines per page.in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.the letter authorises Abdulkadir to acquiremanuscripts in Riau and Terengganudate of letter: Tennaktub surat ini dalamMelaka kepada tiga hari bulan April tahunWelanda sanat 1821 [= This letter writtenin Malacca on 3 April 1821 AD].the letter concludes with an imitation ofKoek's signature.

H: MEMORANDUM FROM ABDULKADIR

text begins: Bahwa ini dewasa padamenyatakan adalah sahaya juru tulisAbdulkadir mengaku di dalam surat ini

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adalah sahaya disuruh oleh tuan raja JanSamuel Timennan Tisen ... [= Herewith I, theclerk Abdulkadir, acknowledge in thismemorandum that I was ordered by HisExcellency Jan Samuel Timmerman Thijssen...]6 pages, with 18-19 lines per page.in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.a report on how the duties outlined in G werecarried out, follow» ..:J by an account ofexpenses incurred.undated.

I: CONTRACT CEDING TANJUNG PINANG

text begins: Bahwa dewasa ini padamenyatakan ini surat perjanjian adalah tuanSultan Abdulrahman ibn marhum SultanMahmud Syah serta Yang Dipertuan MudaRaja Jaafar memberikan tanah TanjungPinang kepada Gebernement Nederlandah ...[= Herewith an exposition of the contract bywhich Sultan Abdulrahman son of the lateSultan Mahmud Syah and the Viceroy PrinceJaafar ceded Tanjung Pinang to the DutchGovernment ... ]3 pages, with 17 lines per page (40 lines inall).in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.undated.

J: LETTER FROM SULTAN OF KEDAH TOGOVERNOR BONHAM

text begins: Surat kasih sayang tulus ikhlasmuafakat yang tiada berkesudahan daripadaSultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Syahkehadapan majlis sahabat beta tuan berhonnatGawernor Bonham [= A letter of affectionate,sincere and enduring concord ... from SultanAhmad Tajuddin Halim Syah ... to theesteemed presence of our friend HisExcellency Governor Bonham]1 page, of 18 lines including colophon.in the hand of Abdullah bin Abdulkadir.colophon: [Di]perbuat surat tigabelas haribulan Rajab hari Thelatha tammat [sic] 1254[= Done this Tuesday 13th day of Rajab 1254AH i.e. 2 October 1838].

K: LETTER FROM mE RULER OFKUALA BATU, ACEH

text begins: Inilah alamat tapak tanganPocut Abdullah Raja Kuala Batu denganKemandur Rij karena perjanjian PocutAbdullah ... [= A personal letter fromPocut Abdullah, ruler of Kuala Batu, toCommander Ridge / Rich [?] concerningmy agreement ... ]1 page, of 14 lines including colophon.in the same hand as Land M.concerning problems with a payment of2000 rial.not meaningfully dated.

L: LETTER OF WELCOME FROM DATUKBESAR MAKA'I

text begins: Bahwa ini alamat tapak tanganDatuk Besar Maka'i kepada Kuamandurdalam kapal perang dan segal a hulubalangdalam kapal perang tabiklah daripadahamba akan tuan2 semuanya dalam kapalperang ... [= A personal letter from DatukBesar Makai to the Commander andranking officers of the warship, greetingsfrom your servant to all officers in thewarship ... ]2 pages, of33 lines in all.in the same hand as K and M.not dated.

M: LETTER OF WELCOME FROM THERULER OF KUALA BATU

text begins: Bahwa ini alamat surat tandahtulis [sic] dan ikhlas yang terbit daripadahati yang putih dan muka yang amat jernihdan lidah yang fasih dan iktikad yang sahyang ialah datang daripada pihak TeukuRaja Kuala yang perintah negeri KualaBatu kepada Kemandur dan segala yangpatua2 yang dalam kapal perang semuanya[= A letter which is a token of sincerityarising from a pure heart, a clearcountenance, an agile tongue and alegitimate intention, passing from TeukuRaja Kuala who rules the land of KualaBatu to the Commander and all the officersof the warship ... ]

2 pages, with 17 lines on the first and 1 lineon the second.in the same hand as K and L.not dated.

N: LETTER FROM BONHAM TO CHAOPHRA YA PRAKASAN, SIAM

this letter begins on the same page as Mendstext begins: Bahwa ini surat kasih sayangtulus ikhlas yang tiada berkesudahan ...daripada kita tuan Bonham yang adamerintahkan Tiga Buah Negeri ... kepadasahabat kita Cau Paya Perakasan iaituBendahara Raja negeri Siam ... [= A letter ofundying affection and sincerity ... from us,Mr Bonham, who governs the StraitsSettlements ... to our friend Chao PhrayaPrakasan, Chief Minister of Siam ... ]3 pages, of 51 lines in all, includingcolophon.in another hand.dated: Tersurat di negeri Pulau Pinang padasembilanbetas hari bulan Desember 1839 [=Written in Penang, 19 December 1839].

MS INDO 15: HIKA YAT RAJA HANDAK

current entry: [Malay MS, unidentified text]Hikayat Raja Handak [= The Romance ofRaja Handak]126 pages, 13 lines per page, with rubrication.not dated.

microfilm PNM MS 1301

MS IN~O 16: NABI MIKRAJ

current entry: Nabi marajtitle: Mikraj [= The Ascent, i.e. TheProphet's Ascent to Heaven]the Prophet's night journey from Mecca tothe site of the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalemwhence he ascended briefly into heaven; thenarrative unfolds in alternating Arabic(rubricated) and Malay.81 pages, with 13 lines per page.colophon: Tammat Mikraj ini kepadasembilan hari bulan lumadalakhir kepada hariKhamis kepada waktu lohor kira2 jam pukulsatu di dalam tarikh sanat 12[0]4 [= This'Ascent' was completed at the time of the

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noon prayer, about one o'clock, onThursday 9 Jumadalakhir 1204, i.e. 22February 1790; or alternatively 1240,about 27 January 1825].

microfilm PNM MS 1308

MS INDO 17: ARBA'IN

current entry: [Treatises on Mohammed-anism]Arba'in [= Forty Traditions of the Prophet,probably the Arba'in oflmam Al-Nawawi]beautifully written in pointed Arabic, withrubrication.incomplete; discontinous pages; about aquarter of the original is present; pages aresoiled and tattered through use.

? microfilm PNM MS 1313

MS INDO 18: HIKA YAT SI MISKIN

current entry: Si Miskin, 1828title: Hikayat Si Miskin [= The Romanceof a Poor Man]secondary title: Cetera MaharajaMarakarmah [= Story of King Marakarmah]copied by Muhammad bin Ahmad Abidin164 pages, with 13 lines per page.colophon: tammatlah ... kepada enambelashari bulan Ramadan kepada hari Ahad danjam pukul sepuluh pagi hari dan tatkalatarikh sanat 1252 tahun [= completed atl Oam on Sunday 16 Ramadhan 1252 AH,i.e. 26December 1836].

microfilm PNM MS 1306

MS INDO 19: SURAT AL-KIAMAT

current entry: [Malay MS, unidentifiedtext]title: Surat Ceretera Surat al-Kiamat [=Account of the Day of JUdgement]colophon: tammat al-kitab min al-tasniffakir Sayyid Ahmad dikeluarkan daripadaKitab Nur al-Nabawiat dan Kitab Ajaib al-Malakut dan Kitab Kasyf al- 'Ulum al-Akhirat dan Kitab Ihya 'Ulum al-Din dandaripada Tasnif Imam Ghazali ... [= Hereends the book compiled by Sayyid Ahmadfrom The Prophetic Light, The Wonders ofthe Realm, The Exposition of Eschatology,

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The Revival of the Religious Sciences andfrom the Digest of Imam Ghazali]200 pages of very small and extremely neatand legible script, with 17 lines per page.undated.

microfilm PNM MS 1305

MS INDO 20: HIKAYATMUHAMMADHANAFIAH

current entry: [Malay MS, unidentified text]title: Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah [= TheRomance of Muhammad Hanafiah]in the hand ofHusin Bugis.192 pages, with 15 or 17 lines per page.undated.This unusual manuscript was prepared fortransmission to the United States, where itwould serve as an example of Malay writing.Three opening pages and a concluding pagewere written for this purpose by Husin Bugis,and used to enclose randomly assembledsignatures from a manuscript copy of HikayatMuhammad Hanafiah also copied by HusinBugis but in smaller script. The beginning ofthe enclosed text corresponds with 1l10.197of the edition published by L.F. Brakel (fheHikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah: a mediaevalMuslim-Malay romance, The Hague: Nijhoff,1975); the end of the enclosed textcorresponds with 11.9.404.

microfilm PNM MS 1303

MS INDO 21: BmLE: NT: GOSPELS: JOHN

early chapters of the Gospel of John, in Latinscript, perhaps by Alfred North.

microfilm PNM MS 1304

MS INDO 23: HIKAYAT ABDULLAH

current entry: Abdullah ibn Abd al-Kadir,[The Life of Abdullah]title: Hikayat Abdullah [The Story ofAbdullah]author: Abdullah bin Abdulkadir Munsyi.in the hand of Husin Bugis; occasionalerasures and insertions usually made in asecond hand, with rubrication.276 pages.dated: Singapore, 1843.

microfilm PNM MS 1307The following note in the handwriting ofAlfred North is tipped in on two sheets ofpaper: 5

This work usually goes by the name of"The Life of Abdullah". The name of theauthor is Abdullah ben Abdulkadir. Hisfather was a respectable Malay scribe,employed by the Dutch government atBatavia to go on a tour among the Malaycountries of the Archipelago and collectmanuscripts, of which some account isgiven in this work. The son is now aboutfifty, a native of Malacca, his featuresArab. He has a superior mind, and veryminute and extensive knowledge of hismother tongue. For some thirty years hehas been in the employ of Europeans, as ateacher of Malay. Sir Stamford Raffies,Crawfurd, Dr Morrison, Dr Milne, andother eminent men were his pupils. WhenI first suggested to him the idea of writingan auto-biography, he objected that he wasan obscure person, and his life noteventful. I replied that a book made up ofwhat he could recollect of Malay rajas, oldpilgrims returned from Mecca, old Malaystories, customs, prejudices, superstitions,piracies, indeed anything about the Malaypeople would be interesting to Europeans.He began, soon after, to write an accountof his father, the incidents of hischildhood, his first introduction to Dr.Milne, and so on; and soon became deeplyinterested in the work. As he went on,matter accumulated, and this volume is theresult. It is a new thing in the Malaylanguage, and in many respectsexceedingly interesting. It contains manynotices of Raffies, Morrison, and otherEuropeans. For example he says, "Inoticed that if anyone desired to speakwith Sir Stamford, he would open the doorand seem to be at leisure; and after giving

5 Compare the briefer information· in North's noteattached to the Library of Congress manuscript ofHikayat Abdullah, published by C. Skinner, "TransitionalMalay Literature: Part 1", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, 134 (1978), pp.480-481. Only the latterhalf of this note deals with Hikayat Abdullah.

a gentleman a long and polite hearing (thoughin a great hurry when he was admitted) hewould instantly fly at his work again with alldiligence, seeming to regret the loss of time",or to this effect; I can now turn to thepassage. Again: "I noticed that Lady Raffleswas a woman of great talents, greater than herhusband's. If any difficult matter was laidbefore him, he would go to her for advice,and abide by her decision." Again: "SirStamford, I observed, was a man exceedinglydiligent in this world's affairs, but seemed tocare nothing for the world to come." He hasintroduced many severe remarks about Mr.Thomsen's Malay version of the NewTestament, in which he assisted him for manyyears. Abdullah complains that Mr. Thomsencompelled him to violate the Malay idiom,making nonsense to the Malay reader. Thecharge is undoubtedly true. Abdullah givesseveral ridiculous instances; for example,(Thomsen's Test. page 201) Luke 2:28, "AndSimeon took up the child of Jesus in his armsand blessed," &c.6 The account of adissipated Malay raja and his favorite is long& interesting. There are some notices of theDutch rule at Malacca, and of Lord Minto'sthrowing into the sea of their instruments oftorture, in the presence of the assemblednatives. Abdullah was introduced to him byRaffies; he says: "I never in my life felt anything so soft as the hand of his lordship." Theaccount of Raffles' labors in gettingpossession of the island of Singapore is but apartial one; he told me he was afraid to writea full account, for fear the English would bedispleased to see Sir Stamford's underhandeddoings brought to light. The book containsalso some account of the savages of theinterior of the Peninsula, the Jakuns. His ownabsurd opmion is that they are thedescendants of the Indo-Portuguese! becausethey have borrowed the name for God, Dios!I thought it best to let him introduce thisnonsense, since it can do no hurt; and Iwished the book to his, and not mine. He has

~s is an accurate account of a passage in the later printedtext of Hikayat Abdullah. The earlier examples are not foundin the printed text in precisely the form North relates them.

9

given an account of the Malays' ideas ofghosts and witches; of the barbaritiespractised in their schools; of the war atMalacca, and of many other things, all in aneat and correct Malay style. Indeed, allthings considered, the work is of singularinterest. This copy was taken from theautograph by Husin, a Bugis scribe. Manyof the Bugis write Malay correctly.

Singapore, November, 1843.A. NorthMissionary of the ABCFM

MS INDO 27: HIKAYAT RAJAKULAWANDU

title: [Hikayat Raja Kulawandu = TheStory of King Kulawandu]Raja Kulawandu [?J is the king of awestern country called Linggam Jaya. Hisfamed generosity and justice attracttraders to his country, but his majesty'skingdom remains incomplete because he ischildless.copied by Muhammad Ali bin Abdul TaifMunsyi.293 pages, with 10 lines per page.undated.

MISS 881: HIKAYAT DARMA TA'SIA /SABIL AL-MUHTADIN

current entry: Unidentified volume inMalay (Arabic characters).The bound volume contains twomanuscripts. Formerly owned by SamuelP. Robbins, Bangkok, Siam.

A

titles: Hikayat Darma Ta'sia [:bt, = TheRomance ofDarma Ta'sia]Hikayat Sultan Harun Rasyid [:col,= The Romance of Harun Al-Rashid]

130 pages, unnumbered, with 13 lines perpage.the story of a virtuou woman who,through many tribulations, remainfaithful to her hu band.

10

copied by Muhammad Ali bin Abdul TaifMunsyi.colophon: tammat syahadan tersalin surat inidi dalam bandar negeri Singapura kepadatujuh likur hari bulan Zulkaedah iaitu kepadadua puluh dua hari bulan Februari tahun sanat1838 dan hijrah sanat 1253 amin3 [= copyingof this text completed in Singapore on 27Zulkaedah 1253 or 22 February 1838].

B

[Sabil al-Muhtadin Ii '1-Tafaqquh fi Amr al-Din = Way of the Guided in theUnderstanding of Religious Jurisprudence]author: [Muhammad Arsyad bin Abdullah al-Banjari]47 pages, incomplete, with 17 lines per page.undated.

PRINTED BOOKS

EMPB = I. Proudfoot, Early Malay PrintedBooks, Kuala Lumpur: The Academy ofMalay Studies and the Library, University ofMalaya, 1993.*42-5403 SEJARAH MELAYU

EMPB Sejarah Melayu a [1842]The following note in the handwriting ofAlfred North is tipped in:Sajarah MalayuKnown, in English, by the name of the MalayAnnals.This book is a collection of old Malaytraditions mixed with fable, and excepttoward the latter part, not to be dependedupon, as giving much light in Malay history.I printed this copy from a collation of sixmanuscripts, with the help of my veryaccurate moonshi Abdullah ben Abdulkadir.The first seven pages in fine print are apreface of my own, setting forth the reasonsof the extreme inaccuracy of the Malaymanuscripts in general, the necessity ofcollation, and the superiority of print tomanuscript. There is a translation in Englishby Dr. Leyden the friend of Raffles, though itdoes n~t exactly correspond with thiscollation of mine.

Singapore 1843.A. NorthMissionary of the ABCFM.

There is a more extensive note in the copyof this book found in the Library ofCongress. It is discussed in Ibrahim binIsmail, "The Printing of MunshiAbdullah's Edition of the Sejarah Melayuin Singapore ". Kekal Abadi 5.3(September 1986): 13-17.

*42-5404 SEJARAH MELAYU

Another copy of Sejarah Melayu a [1842],without annotations.

*42-5440 PUJI-PUJIAN MAsmI

catalogued as: 'Pujien orang mesehi ...Singapura. 1829 (2nd ed.)'Not seen.This edition not listed in EMPB. CjEMPB: Pu;i-Pu;ian 1823

*42-5866-5867 F SINGAPURA TERBAKAR

Two contemporaneous versions, (A) inrumi (Romanised script), and (B) in jawi(Arabic script), are bound together. Thetwo versions correspond almost exactlypage bypage. Note the discrepancy in thedates in the heading: the Romanisedversion gives the year of the fire, the jawiversion gives the year of the printing.

A

Shayar Singapura Tur-bakar [:tp];Bahwa ini I Shayar Nugri I Singapura Tiir-bakar [:htl] Sanat 1244. Iya-itu padaTahun Masihi 1828 [:ht2].Bahwa tur-rnuktub Shayar NugriSingapura Tur-bakar dalam nugnSingapura, pada anam hari bulan Ramlan,Yaum al-Ahad, sanat 1259. Iya-itu padatiga puloh hari bulan September, tahunMasihi 1843 [:col]63 pages (unnumbered), preceded by anintroductory note; in typeset rumi script,in parallel columns on 22 x 17.5 em pagesin 15 x 12 em frame, on unnumbered

pages. EMPB: Singapura Terbakar 1843.bThis may be the only surviving copy of thisversion of the work.Theprinted introductory note reads:

A Malay Poem.By

Abdullah(A Malay Teacher)

Relating to the great fire which happened inthis settlement in the year 1828.This Volume is composed in an elegantMalay style, and presents, in a series ofinteresting and pleasing anecdotes, a verygraphic picture of the scene during theconflagration. It will be found useful to thosewho study the Malay language, and amusingto those who know it already.

Singapore 3rd Oct. 1843Printed at the Miss: Press.

To this North has added the annotation 'ofthe Lond[on] Mis[sion] Society'.

B

Bahwa ini Syair Negeri Singapura Terbakar[ht2] sanat 1259 iaitu pada tahun masehi 1843[ht3].EMPB: Singapura Terbakar 1843.a, withdetails as noted there.

*42-5932 SINGAPURA TERBAKAR

another copy ofSingapura Terbakar 1843.a

MISS 875.2 VOCABULARY OF THE ENGLISH,BUGIS, AND MALAY LANGUAGES

A Vocabulary of the English, Bugis, andMalay Languages, containing about 2000words. .EMPB: Vocabulary: Thomsen 1833

MISS 881.2 KISAH PELAY ARAN ABDULLAH

Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah bin Abdulkadirmunsyi, dari Singapura sampai ke Kelantan,terkarang olehnyaEMPB: Pelayaran Abdullah 1838

11

The following note in the handwriting ofAlfred North isfound with the book:7

Abdullah's JournalAbdullah ben Abdulkadir, Moonshi, theauthor of this little work, was sent by theEnglish Govt. at Singapore, as interpreterto a deputation to the raja of Kalantanabout a vessel detained by him, belongingto some Singapore merchants. Havingheard that European travelers keep"journals", it occurred to him thatsomething of the kind would be acceptableto his Singapore friends, about his trip tothe east coast. He brought me only a verydry outline, saying that he knew not whatit was customary to introduce into suchworks. I gave him a general description ofEnglish books of travel, and a list ofsubjects concerning which he mightrecollect all that he saw on his tour. He re-wrote the whole, and produced theaccompanying book, a new thing in theMalay language. It contains remarks onthe people & customs of Pahang,Trangganu, and Kalantan, and adescription of the dangers to which he wasexposed by arriving at Kalantan during thebloody dispute about the succession. It isan interesting book, very popular amongthe Malays, and very useful to those whowish to obtain a knowledge of theirlanguage.

Singapore, Nov. 1843. A. North

WID 2234.22

Another copy ofPelayaran Abdullah 1838.Not seen.

PACKETOFUNCATALOGUEDPRINTED BOOKS

1

title page:Bahwa ini surat pengajaran I * yang terbitdaripada surat Allah * I iaitu I terkarang

'Compare the briefer information in the early part of thenote attached to the Library of Congres manuscript ofHikayat Abdullah, published by Skinner, "TransitionalMalay Literature", pp.480-481.

12

oleh seorang hamba Allah yang berkehendakkebajikan I * dan selamat segala manusia * Itercap I di bandar Melaka pada tahun 1819 Idan hijrah 1234[= A lesson from holy scripture, written by aservant of God who wishes the welfare andsalvation of all men, printed in Malacca in1819 AD, 1234 AH]author: [C.H. Thomsen]place: Malaccadate: 1819This is a later edition of FJ.1PB:Penga;arandaripada Suruh Allah 1818. There isprobably a mistake in FJ.1PB, and SuruhAllah should, I now think, be Surat Allah.

2

front cover / title page:The Substance of our Saviour's Sermon onthe Mount ...EMPB: Perkataan Isa 1829

3

first page begins:Bismillah ai-Rahman ai-Rahim II NO.7 IIPerkatan Isa al-Masih I dikeluarkan daridalamInjil II[= Tract no.7. The words of Jesus Christtaken from the Gospel.]EMPB: Perkataan Isa 1830

4

front cover / title page:Bismillah al-Rahman ai-Rahim II NO.3 I Al-kisah maka tersebutlah beberapa pengajaran IKitab Allah yang disebut IAgama Kitab[= Tract no.3. Some teachings from God'sBook which are called the Religion of theBible]EMPB: Agama Kitab 1835.a

5

another copy of Agama Kitab 1835.a

6

first page begins:

Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim I Adapunsegal a Surat al-Kitab itu dengan ilhamdaripada Allah dan berguna kepadapengajaran dan kepada teguran dan kepadanasihat ...[= The Bible is inspired by God and servesas instruction, admonition and advice ...]undatedEMPB: Surat al-Kitab a ±1840

7

first page begins:Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim II Ceterahikayat Abdullah dan Sabat II[= The story of Abdullah and Sabat]author: [Thomas Beighton]EMPB: Abdullah dan Sabat 1837.a

8

first page begins:Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim I YahyaNil [in woodblock] I Al-kisah ini suatuhikayat Tuan Paderi Nil yang terlalu amatindah2 perkataan di dalamnya.[= John Knill. This is a story about theReverend Knill which comprises a finenarrative. ]EMPB: Knill 1837

9

front page begins:Bismillah al-Rahman al-RahimPerumpamaan [in woodblock]Dikeluarkan dari dalam Injil ][= Parables. Drawn from the Gospels]EMPB: Perumpamaan Isa 1838, but notethat this should actually be 1837.

10

first page begins:II No. 2 I Bahwa inilah Sepuluh Pesananyang diberi Allah kepada Musa dari atasBukit Tursina II[= Tract no.2. These are the TenCommandments given by God to Moseson Mount Sinai.]

contents: the ten commandments (pp.l-S);eighteen teachings of the Gospel (pp.9-16);four prayers: long, short, morning andevening (pp.17-28).

. EMPB: Sepuluh Pesanan 1835.a; notehowever that the Houghton Library copy (andI suspect the Library of Congress copy) hasthefull text, running to 28 pages, not 16.

11

Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim I No. 1 IBahwa hendaklah engkau menyembah Allahdan berbakti kepadaNya sahaja II[= Tract no. 1. You should worship God andbe faithful to Him only.]EMPB: Hendaklah Engkau Menyembah1835

12another copy of Hendaklah EngkauMenyembah 1835

13

Pangajar I Agama Kristan I Jaran-A I PamisikJabbab I nyah Gawai-a Engangut EngangutSingapore, 1845.typeset roman script; 28 pages, 2-26numbered, with 24 lines per page.contents: pp.1-26, catechism; pp.{27-28J,hymn.not listed in EMPB, but cf Pangajar AgamaKristan 1847Although bearing a label "Malay I SingaporeI 1845", this item is in a form of Iban oranother Borneo language. It was received inthe ABCFM library on 25 April 1846, andtherefore may have been sent to Boston byNorth's successor at the Mission Press,Benjamin Keasberry, or by the missionaryresponsible for its translation.14first page begins:Bismillah al-Rahrnan al-Rahirn I * Surat inipada menyatakan jalan keampunan dosa.Hendaklah ketahui sekalian orang bahwatiap2 seorang di dalam dunia ini ada berdosa.

[= This text expounds the way to

13

forgiveness of sins. Know that everyperson in this world has sinned .... ]lithographed; 54 unnumbered pages, with12 lines per pageundated; no place of publicationnot listed in EMPB.

15: MANUSCRIPT

Exercises in verbal roots and derived forms.Inside the cover, the common words kerja'perform' and buat 'make' with all theirderivatives. On the ruled page, part of whatmay once have been an alphabetic listing ofroots with verbal and noun derivatives.incomplete.

***

14